QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

The overall goal of quantitative research is to convey

numerically what is being seen in the research and to
arrive at a specific and observable condition.
Types of
VARIABLES
A variable is
something that
can take on
different values
for different
subjects in a given
research.
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

★ According to values
★ According to scale of measurement
★ According to relationship
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

★ According to values
 QUALITATIVE OR CATEGORICAL VARIABLE
These are variables whose data are
non-numeric and whose observation vary in
kind but not in degree.
 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE
These are variables whose data are counts or
numerical measurements and whose
observations vary in magnitude.
There are two types of Quantitative variables:
1. Discrete variables
2. Continuous variables
 QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE
There are two types of Quantitative variables:
1. Discrete variables - QNV whose observations
can assume only countable numbers and
values cannot take the decimal form.
2. Continuous variables - QNV whose
observations can assume any one of the
countless number of values in a line interval.
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

★ According to scale of
measurement
 NOMINAL VARIABLE
These are variables whose data are
non-numeric labels that do not reflect
quantitative information.
 ORDINAL VARIABLE
● These are variables on which there is a
meaningful order or categories but there is no
measurable distance between categories.
 INTERVAL VARIABLE
● These are variables whose data values are
ranged in a real interval and can be as large as
from negative infinity to positive infinity.
● Zero does not actually represent none or
nothing.
 RATIO VARIABLE
● The highest level of measurement that has all
the characteristics of the interval plus a true
zero point.
● The value of zero represents none or nothing.
 TYPES OF VARIABLES

★ According to relationship
 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Manipulated variable that cause change in
another variable.
 DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Those that are affected by independent
variables.
 INTERVENING VARIABLE
These are called test or control variables that
either increase or decrease the effect of IV to DV.
 Parts of a Research Paper
I. The Problem: Rational and Background
II. Review of Related Literature
III. Materials and Methods
IV. Results and Discussion
V. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN DOING RESEARCH PAPER ?
● Identifying the SUBJECT AREA/ TOPIC for investigation.
● Defining the research PROBLEM and stating the
OBJECTIVES.
● Formulating HYPOTHESIS.
● Conducting the EXPERIMENT.
● Collecting and recording DATA.
● ANALYZING and INTERPRETING data.
● Drawing the CONCLUSION.
● Giving RECOMMENDATION.
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Research Topic
 Characteristics of a Good Research Topic
1. It is a topic that you are extremely passionate about all
throughout the inquiry process.
2. It is a topic that is valuable and worthwhile to you,
your fellow researchers and the society.
3. It is a topic that is doable; it allows you, as a
researcher, to demonstrate your mastery of the topic
and methods.

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1. Manpower. Whether the personnel's technology proficiency and
experience are up to standard? Does the staff have quality consciousness,
sense of responsibility and disciplines?

2. Machinery. Check the facilities' stability, functionality, such as the GPS

device's precision and the cooling and lubrication state of equipment. If the
machinery is rusting or eroding, the production efficiency may decrease. Find
out solutions to regularly maintain and repair equipment.

3. Materials. Think about the materials' components, physical and chemical

properties. Examine whether different parts match well. Are the material
suppliers stable or not?
4. Method. To be more specific, the methodology, methods or techniques will
affect the action's result. Other factors concerned are workflow, choice of
technical parameters, technical guidance and the preciseness and execution of
workflow.

5. Mother-nature. In plain English, the environment in production field,

including temperature, humidity, noise disturbance, vibrancy, lightening, and
indoor pollution will all influence the products or service.

6. Measurement. When it comes to measurement, the following factors need to

be considered for correct results: measurement gauge, measurement method,
calibration, measurer's fatigue, and readability of the results.
The CAUSE and EFFECT (a.k.a. FISH BONE) Diagram
 Grade 12 – Rinaldi
Group A Group B Group C
APILADO APAYA ABUEG
CAPUYAN AROSA CUNANAN
ODVINA CHUAQUICO EUGENIO
SISON GUIAO MARCELINO
STA. ANA PANGILINAN NATIVIDAD
VILLASEÑOR YABUT
Group D Group E Group F
AGAN ALCALA ABILLON
LLEDO CAPISTRANO AMERNA
MAGNAYE MAGARZO BILUNO
SALON NIPAS CASTILLO
TAÑADA SIBUYO GAN
 Grade 12 – Rua
Group AA
Group Group BB
Group Group CC
Group
ESTRADA MIRANDA VALENZUELA
BACOLOR ABELLA ASI
CORTEZ Group D AROSA Group E DAYAN Group F
INGALLA
BUENDIA
CABARLES
ULIGAN
HURTADA
LUCBAN
LUNAR EUSTAQUIO MUNAR
SALVADOR LUCBAN VALENZUELA
ULIGAN PONCE
Group D Group E Group F
ABEJERO AARON GABUTERO
BORROMEO CADIZ MIRANDA
BUENDIA DITCHING PARAS
NEPOMUCENO ESTRADA SAMONTE
SANTIAGO MAGALSO TISALONA
 Grade 12 – Sandor
Group AA
Group Group BB
Group Group CC
Group
ESTRADA MIRANDA VALENZUELA
ALMADRIGO CONTI BASA
DE GUZMAN
Group D
GAITE Group E
CATIBOG Group F
DIMAGUILA
BUENDIA
ILAGAN
ULIGAN
CABUCO
LUCBAN
GUILLERMO MACARAEG LUGUE
PASCUA SORIANO REALIN
VALDERAMA UMANDAL
Group D Group E Group F
ACEBO ABEJERO ALCANTARA
CAHIGA BAUTISTA BOLLOZOS
MAALA DIMAALA CRUZ
PAGOROGON JIMENEZ HIRATA
REYES SERRANO SULAYAO