CONTEMP
government organizations and/or the
* MOBILITY- movement of people
* REFUGEE- A person who has been
forced to flee his/her country to escape
war, political persecution, catastrophe,
natural disaster, and the like.
* REMITTANCES- Money sent by
migrants to their home country
* DIASPORA- Movement of a community
of migrants bound by a common cultural
heritage and/or home country
* AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES-
Benefits enjoyed by businesses and
citizens in a particular place where firms
and conglomerates near one another
* KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY- Economy in
which growth is propelled by the
production, dissemination, and
processing of information toward creative
innovations
* COSMOPOLITAN- “a phenomenon most
readily associated with the global city:
large, diverse cities attracting people,
material and cultural products from all
over the world. The idea of
cosmopolitanism usually invokes pleasant
images of travel, exploration, and
'worldly' pursuits enjoyed by those who
have benefited from globalization...a
consumerist world of malls and
supermarkets, of theme parks and leisure
centers offering 'a cross-cultural variety
of food, fashion, entertainment and
various other consumables and artefacts"
(Colic-Peisker)
GLOBAL URBANIZATION
Characterized by:
* Uneven urbanization-
* Growing decentralization- the transfer
of authority and responsibility for public
functions from the central government to
subordinate or quasi-independent
private sector.
* Expanding informal settlements-
squatters
* Record High Inequality-
* Forced migration
* Rising urban insecurity (domestic
violence, gang violence, organized crime,
community violence, political violence
URBANIZATION -is the process through
which cities grow, and higher and higher
percentages of the population comes to
live in the city.
•Megacity- Tokyo, Japan
•effect of urbanization- urban sprawl
URBAN SPRAWL -is when the population
of a city becomes dispersed over an
increasingly large geographical area.
6 MOST COMMON CAUSES OF
MIGRATION
1. DROUGHT
2. HUNGER
3. FLOODING
4. EARTHQUAKES
5. WAR & CONFLICT
6. ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES
POPULATION BOOM IN NCR:
Affected:
- Housing services
- transporation services
Revealed:
- lack of public and private inventories on
mass transportration system
- lack of coherent development plan that will o Population growth is
spread growth and development in the insignificant
country
GROVER’S DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
MODEL

GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY • Stage 1

o High birth rate
DEMOGRAPHY - statistical study of human
o High death rate
populations especially with reference to size
o Population size is constant
and density, distribution and vital statistics
(can experience major swings)
(births, marriages, deaths, etc)
• Stage 2
Contemporary demographic concerns include o High birth rate
the “population explosion”, the interplay o lower death rate
between population and economic o rapid population growth
development, the effects of birth control, • Stage 3
urban congestion, illegal migration, and o Decreased birth rate
labour force statistics o Slower population growth
• Stage 4
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY-
o Lower birth rate
societies transition from periods of high birth
o Lower death rate
and death rates to periods of lower birth and
o Stable population
death rates, as they engage in the process of
• Stage 5
industrialization from agrarian or pre-
o Declined fertility rate
industrial beginnings
o Period of aging population
CLASSIC DEMOGRAPHIC MODEL
TOWARD GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP AND
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE
SUSTAINABILITY
SCIENTIFIC STUDY POPULATION (IUSSP)
• Macroeconomic Growth - how one
• Pre-transition
economy grows
o High birth rate
• Degrowth - a movement advocating
o High fluctuating death rates
for lesser or slower macroeconomic
o Population growth is low
growth as a way to achieve
(late-age, marriage famine,
sustainable development
war, pestilence)
• Sustainable Development -
• Early transition
[economic] development that focuses
o High birth rates
on fulfilling the basic needs of citizens
o Falling death rates
rather than amassing profits
o Population grows rapidly
• Food security - state that exists when
• Late transition
all citizens have a stable and
o Declining birth rate
unhampered access to sufficient and
o Population growth slows
nutritious food.
down
• Global Citizenship - citizenship that
• Post-transition
puts emphasis on one's
o Low birth rate
responsibilities to the international
o Low death rate
community
 • Stability- short-term firmness in
position, permanence and resistance
to change
• Sustainability - considers the long-
term capacities of a system to exist,
not its short-term resistance to
change.
• Anthropocene- the era of mankind's
dominance on Earth's overall
existence as evident on the impact of
climate change
CURRENT GLOBALIZATION IS
UNSUSTAINABLE
• This western-centric globalization is
premised on the idea of making
everyone live and consume like a
typical Westerner does.
• Current trends point out to a global
race to the bottom with regard to
wages and corporate tax rates.
• The continuous commodification of
the world's resources (water, air,
minerals, forest lands, etc) under the
current economic system that allows
huge corporations almost unlimited
access to them, is bound to exhaust
the world's finite sources.
GLOBAL ISSUES
•There is not enough gold, silver, or
nickel to sustain the world's need for
gadgets if companies will continue
releasing new models almost on a
monthly basis.
•There is not enough timber to have their
wooden furniture replaced annually or for
production of paper products.
•There is not enough land in the Amazon
rainforest to be converted to soybean
farms or pasturelands to feed the growing
number of cows (to satisfy people's
appetite for steaks and hamburgers!)
ANTHROPOCENE (LINK)
• Anthropocene Epoch- is an
unofficial unit of geologic time,
used to describe the most recent
period in Earth’s history
• Geologic Scale- hierarchal series
of smaller chunks of time
• Stratigraphy- examining fossils to
know if certain organisms are
characteristics of certain parts of
the geologic record
• Holocene- current epoch, which
began 11,700 years ago after the
last major ice age
• Greek work “Anthropo” means
man and “cene” means new
DEGROWTH
• Paradigm shift from
o Profit motive and toward
common good
o Wants to needs
o Luxury to simplicity
• If the earth is to survive and be a
suitable home for future generations
Degrowth- meet everyone’s basic necessities
(extraction of resources for commodity’s
production will not be as uncontrolled as
today)
• Shift from competition of GDP to
ensuring that citizens have food, jobs,
shelter
PACHAMAMA SOCIALISM
• Indigenous earth goddess
• Earth Mother
• (Chile, Argentina, Bolivia)
PACHAMAMA in BOLIVIA
• Created laws that granted nature
with rights equal to humans
 • Institutionalized a paradigm shift • Rights of peoples, communities,
that relabels mineral deposits as and nature over individual rights
"blessings
• Empowered communities to GREEN PARTIES *
monitor industrial polluters • Focus on renewable energy-
related or energy-powered
PACHAMAMA in ECUADOR industries as engines of
• Placed "Rights of Nature" in sustainable growth and
their Constitution Leon. Ryan. development *
• "establishes Pachamama as a • USA
legal entity..., stipulating the • CHINA
right to an integral respect for
nature's existence and for the GLOBAL CITIZEN
maintenance and regeneration • Understands the complexity of our
of its life cycles, structures, interconnected world
functions, evolutionary • Understands our biggest
processes, and restoration" challenges *
(Berros, 2015) • Knows their social, ethical, and
political responsibilities *
BUEN VIVIR/SUMAK KAWSAY • Displays leadership and teamwork
- good way of living • Solves problems through
innovation and entrepreneurship
• the primacy of limiting
consumption
• a way of doing things that is
community-centric, ecologically-
balanced, and culturally-sensitive"
• a creative expression of alter-
globalization movement's call for
a system that prioritizes
o People over profits
o Communities over
corporations
o Environment over
economic growth

Pachamama & Buen Vivir

• Well-being of the larger
community - from humans and
animals to the very environment
that gives them life- rather than
the survival of individual species