lizensiert für: SL Aachen

Erstellungsdatum: 03.11.1999
Letzte Änderung: 18.12.2002
File-Name: e2225t2.fm

DVS – DEUTSCHER VERBAND

Joining of Lining Membranes Direction D
Made of Polymer Materials in Geotechnical DVS 2225-2
FÜR SCHWEISSEN UND
and Hydraulic Engineering – V
VERWANDTE VERFAHREN E.V.
Site Testing (August 1992) S

Contents: Lining membranes are manufactured continuously, in widths up

to 12 m and in thicknesses up to 5 mm.Minimum thicknesses are
1 Scope laid down in the individual Codes of Practice related to the
2 Lining membranes application.
3 Weld structures
The surfaces can be smooth or structured. The membranes can
4 Site testing
be homogeneous (of one material) or built up in several layers.
4.1 Nature and scope of the tests They can have strengthening inserts (for example fabric),
4.2 Test of outer appearance laminations (for example mat) or metal foil inserts.
4.3 Dimensional check
4.4 Strength test
4.5 Imperviousness test
3 Weld structures
4.6 Test reports
5 Instructions for retouching work
The lining membranes are usually laid with overlap (lap joint).
6 Standards, Specifications, Guidelines
The joining welds can be classified as per Fig. 1:
Reprinting and copying, even in the form of excerpts, only with the consent of the publisher

– Lap welded joints without test channel (single weld)

1 Scope
– Lap welded joints with test channel (double weld)
This Direction applies to the site tests on joints made by welding, – Overlay seams.
adhesive bonding or vulcanizing for waterproofing systems with
lining membranes of polymer materials in geotechnical and
hydraulic engineering, for waste dump seals and other
groundwater protection measures. This Direction is intended to
serve as a guide to the responsible Authorities, employers,
contractors and inspectors for the site tests to be carried out. This
Direction should ensure that the join seams are properly tested
on site. Part 1 of this Direction deals with the joining methods Lap welded joints without test channel – single weld
welding, adhesive bonding and vulcanizing.

2 Lining membranes

Lining membranes for the applications mentioned are

manufactured on the basis of thermoplastics and elastomers:
Lap welded joints with test channel – double weld
Thermoplastics
– Plasticised polyvinyl chloride PVC-P
– High density polyethylene PE-HD
– Low density polyethylene PE-LD
Overlay seams
– Chlorinated polyethylene PE-C
– Ethylene-copolymerisate-bitumen ECB Figure 1. Weld structures – schematic drawings.
– Ethylene vinyl acetate E/VA
Lining membranes made of thermoplastics consist of un-
4 Site testing
crosslinked macromolecules, they can be melted by heat and
thus joined by welding. Some, for example PVC-P, can be
4.1 Nature and scope of the tests
partially dissolved by solvent and can therefore also be joined by
adhesive bonding. The scope of this Direction only includes the tests which are
Elastomers carried out on the spot during the execution of the work. They
serve both as part of the specimen joints for adjusting the
– Butyl rubber IIR
process parameters and for testing the finished welds.
– Ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber EPDM
– Polychloroprene-rubber CR All site tests must be carried out within the framework of the
– Nitryl-butadiene-rubber NBR internal site control by the membrane-laying contractor. The
– Chlorosulphonated polyethylene CSM results must be documented completely and in an easy to
examine manner.
Lining membranes made of elastomers consist of
macromolecules, which are loosely crosslinked by vulcanization. Within the framework of external site control the internal site
They cannot be melted. Their most important feature is their control is to be checked by qualified Testing Institutes or Experts
rubber elasticity, which is broadly retained even at low and extended by inspection tests on the site and additional tests
temperatures. in the laboratory.

This publication was prepared by a group of experienced specialists working together in an honorary capacity, and it is recommended that it should be respected as
an important source of knowledge. The user must at all times check the extent to which the contents apply to his or her special case and whether the version available
to him or her is still current. Any liability on the part of the German Welding Society and of those participating in the preparation of this document is excluded.

DVS, Technical Committee, Working Group “Plastics, Welding and Adhesive Bonding”

Orders to: DVS-Verlag GmbH, P. O. Box 10 19 65, 40010 Düsseldorf, Germany, Phone: + 49(0)211/1591- 0, Telefax: + 49(0)211/1591-150
Page 2 to DVS 2225-2
lizensiert für: SL Aachen
The site tests relate to the following characteristics: 4.2.5 Evaluation of the test results

– Outer appearance of the weld
– Dimensions of the weld
– Strength of the weld
– Imperviousness of the weld.
The welds must be checked continuously for outer appearance
and imperviousness and on a random sample basis for
dimensions and strength. The random samples are preferably
taken from the specimen joints and the weld ends.
The tests described in this Direction mutually augment each
other in nature and scope. It is not possible to make a statement
about all the properties of the weld with one test method alone.
Fig. 2 shows the nature and scope of the various possible test
methods for the different weld structures.
4.2 Testing for outer appearance
4.2.1 Method
The outer appearance of the welds is checked by visual
examination. With the help of a scribe, areas which are not
joined, i.e. defects in the region of the weld edges, can also be
detected. The outer appearance is used in the first place to
assess the correct manual execution of the weld.
4.2.2 Field of Application
All weld regions including the T-butt joints and connections where
piping passes through and solid structures are assessed
independently of the joining method and of the weld structure.
4.2.3 Carrying out the test
The visual examination takes place continuously over the full
length. The scribe is inserted at intervals or in the case of soft
elastic membranes drawn under pressure along the weld
edges over the full length. At defective areas in the external weld
region the scribe penetrates into unsatisfactorily joined regions.
4.2.4 Test results
In the test for outer appearance the weld is examined for
irregularities and visible defects. In detail the following features
are checked:
– Structure and uniformity of the seam path
– Bulging on the front weld edge in the case of lap welded joints
and in the boundary region in the case of surface seams
– Central position and uniform boundary regions in the case of
surface seams
– Smooth and streak-free surface in the case of surface seams
The outer appearance of the weld is satisfactory if it shows no
irregularities and defects:
– Locally limited irregularities of small extent do not reduce
the suitability of the welds for use.
– Bulges on the front edge of lap welded joints or in the boundary
areas of surface seams are permissible, if they occur in a
locally limited manner and are not thicker than the membrane.
– Notches and grooves with smooth transitions are permissible
up to a depth of 10% of the membrane thickness to a limited
extent.
– In the case of larger and frequently occurring irregularities the
weld areas in question must be retouched.
– Defects must generally be retouched.
In order to avoid vagueness during the execution of the work in
individual cases, it is to be recommended that the criteria for the
outer appearance be established in each case before the
beginning of building, using an adequately long specimen weld.
In cases of doubt specimen pieces must be taken from the welds,
on which further properties can be tested.
4.2.6 Limits of the test method
Correct assessment of the outer appearance requires special
knowledge and experience. Statements concerning the
imperviousness and strength of the weld can only be derived to a
limited extent.
4.3 Examination of the dimensions
4.3.1 Method
The critical dimensions of the weld are determined on strip-
shaped specimens from the weld or on the weld itself.
4.3.2 Field of application
All weld structures can be examined. The weld dimensions
supply indications for adjusting the process parameters on the
basis of the specimen joints. They permit conclusions to be
drawn about the uniform maintaining of the process parameters
during joining.
4.3.3 Carrying out the examination
The weld dimensions are preferably determined on specimens
taken from the specimen joints or from the weld ends. The
thickness measurements are made with measuring instruments
to DIN 53 370. The weld thickness can also be measured on a
random basis on the finished welds using ultrasound.
4.3.4 Test results
Depending on the weld structure the dimensions shown in Fig. 3
are determined:

– Notches and grooves in the weld region ü = total overlap

ü1 = front free overlap
– Defects, for example unwelded regions and pinch folds ü2 = rear free overlap

Weld Structures
Lap welded joints Lap welded joints Overley seam
without test channel with test channel
Appearance Continuous Visual Visual Visual
scribe scribe scribe
Quality Criteria

Dimensions Random samples Mechanical Mechanical Mechanical

Ultrasound Ultrasound
Strength Random samples Peel test Peel test Peel test
Imperviousness Continuous Ultrasound Compressed air Vacuum
Vacuum High voltage
High voltage

Figure 2. Nature and scope of the site tests.

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bN = total width of the seam

bN1 = width of the front part of the seam
bN2 = width of the rear parts of the seam
bp = width of the test channel
do = thickness of the upper membrane
du = thickness of the lower membrane
dN = thickness of the seam Lap welded joint without test channel
dN1 = thickness of the front part of the seam
dN2 = thickness of the rear part of the seam
In this way the relevant assessment criteria for the seam
thicknesses can be determined:
fNA = seam thickness factor for the overlay seam
= dN / (do + du)
Lap welded joint with test channel
dN = weld path (thickness change) for the lap welded joint
= (do + du) – dN

4.3.5 Evaluation of the test results

It must be demonstrated that the weld dimensions correspond to
the Codes of Practice related to the material and application and
to the project requirements: Surface seams
– The rear free overlap should amount to at least 40 mm for Figure 3. Seam dimensions.
testing reasons among others. The front free overlap should be
a maximum of 5 times the membrane thickness. Locally limited 4.3.6 Limits of the test method
deviations however do not impair the weld quality.
The dimensions give indications of the setting of the joining
– The seam and test channel width agreed by contract or parameters and their uniformity during joining. Statements
prescribed in the Codes of Practice specific for the application concerning imperviousness of the seam are not possible,
must be observed. concerning strength only to a limited extent.
– The seam thickness should be uniform over the seam length 4.4 Strength Test
and seam width and lie within the material and process-
dependent regions. 4.4.1 Method
The following criteria for the seam thicknesses must be complied For the qualitative determination of the strength of the joint
with: destructive tensile peel tests are carried out on random samples.
Lap welded joints without welding filler
These peel tests are short-term tests for the qualitative
assessment of the deformation and failure behaviour of the weld.
Membranes of partially crystalline materials, e.g. PE-HD
The peel tests are based on DIN 16 726 and are carried out on
0.2 dN 0.8 20 to 50 mm wide strip specimens.
Membranes of amorphous materials, e.g. PVC-P 4.4.2 Field of application
0 dN 0.6 The peel tests can be used to check all weld structures. The tests
Lap welded joints with welding filler: serve both to adjust the process parameters within the
framework of the specimen joints and also to monitor the weld
– 1.0 dN – 0.2 strength achieved.
Surface seams:
4.4.3 Carrying out the test
1.25 fNA 1.75
The specimens are strip specimens taken perpendicularly to the
In the case of surface seams, the eccentricity (misalignment) of weld. The strip specimens must be taken in such a way that in
the weld must be 5 mm maximum. each case adequate clamping lengths as per Fig. 4 are available.

Dimensions in mm

Figure 4. Sampling and stress for the peel test.

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The tests are carried out with testing instruments suitable for the
site, which make it possible to apply a tensile load and
deformation speed as uniform as possible. Deformations must
not be measured as part of this test. In the case of lining
membranes for which the peel strength must also be determined
quantitatively for assessing the weld strength (for example in the
case of membranes of PVC-P or ECB) the forces must be
measured.
4.4.4 Test results
The deformation and failure behaviour is assessed qualitatively
and the peel strength quantitatively.
4.4.5 Evaluation of the test results
The results of this strength test serve for verifying and finally
determining the joining parameters as part of the specimen joints
and for assessing the joint strength achieved (peel strength) on
specimens.
The quality of the weld is assessed on the basis of the following
criteria:
– Stretching of the base material, outside the weld, without
peeling of the weld.
The weld is of good quality.
– Stretching of the base material, next to the weld or in the weld
region, after limited peeling of the weld.
In the case of lining membranes made of PE-HD, the welds
have adequate quality if the remaining residual weld width in
the majority of the individual tests is greater than the required
minimum width.
– Separation of the laminations or layers of the base material, in
the case of multiple-layer or laminated membranes, next to or
in the region of the weld.
In the case of soft elastic membranes the weld has adequate
quality if a peel strength of at least 60% of the comparable
maximum tensile force is achieved at 100% elongation.
– Peeling of the weld.
In lining membranes of PE-HD the weld is of inadequate
quality. In the case of soft elastic membranes the weld is of
adequate quality, if a peel strength of minimum 62% of the
comparable tensile force at 100% elongation is reached.
Indications for this result from the deformation and fracture
appearance in the joining area.
– Stretching of the welding filler (extrudate) in the case of surface
seams.
The weld is still of adequate quality if this failure occurs
sporadically and a peel strength of at least 75% of the peel
strength in the case of stretching in the base material is
achieved near the weld.
– Failure of the base material near to or in the weld region
without noticeable stretching, i.e. plastic deformation.
The weld is not of adequate quality.
4.4.6 Limits of the test method
The short-term peel tests are basically carried out within the
context of the internal supervision for adjusting the process
parameters and for qualitative assessment of the weld. In the
context of the external supervision they must be augmented by
laboratory tests in accordance with the standards, in order also to
be able to reach a safe and quantified conclusion about the joint
strength.
4.5 Imperviousness Test
4.5.1 General
For the continuous testing of the welds for imperviousness the
test method must be matched to the particular weld structure. As
per Fig. 2. the following test methods must be used:
Lap welded joints without test channel
Testing with high voltage
Testing with ultrasound
Testing with vacuum
Lap welded joints with test channel
Testing with compressed air
Surface seams
Testing with high voltage
Testing with vacuum
4.5.2 Testing with compressed air
4.5.2.1 Method
The compressed air test is used for imperviousness testing of
lapp welded joints with test channel (double welds) under defined
mechanical stress.
The test conditions, such as test pressure and test duration, must
be matched to the membrane material, the membrane thickness,
the test channel dimensions and the temperature.
4.5.2.2 Field of application
With the compressed air test lap welded joints with test channel
can be tested indestructively for imperviousness over their full
length in one test procedure.
4.5.2.3 Carrying out the test
The test should only take place approximately one hour after
joining.
The equipment for applying compressed air with pressure gauge
or pressure recorder is mounted at one end of the weld, and
closes the test channel in an airtight manner. Here the
compressed air is fed in and first the imperviousness of the weld
is tested. The other end of the weld is closed airtight, e.g. by hot
gas welding or clamping devices.
The actual test pressure is only applied after approximately one
minute of preliminary stress, in order to condition initial
deformations. This preliminary stress can be higher than the final
test pressure.
The test period for the compressed air test is 10 minutes. At the
end of the test period the test channel is opened at the opposite
end to the test direction. The air must escape suddenly.
Welds which cannot be tested right through must be tested in
sections. In the case of defects which are not directly detectable
correspondingly shorter test lengths must be selected in order to
limit the defective regions.
The test pressure must also be matched to the temperatures, the
test channel width and the thickness and the material of the lining
membrane.
Fig. 5 shows as examples test pressures for two different lining
membranes as a function of the temperature. In individual cases,
suitable calculations for determining the test pressure in relation
to the material, the membrane thickness and the test channel
width must be made.
4.5.2.4 Test results
The pressure is plotted against the test time or the pressure at
the beginning and end of the test time is recorded.
4.5.2.5 Evaluation of the test results
The weld is regarded as impervious if the pressure in the test
channel falls by not more than 10% of the initial value during the
prescribed test duration.
4.5.2.6 Limits of the test method
The compressed air test is an imperviousness test under
mechanical stress. The mechanical stress during the test
enables only limited conclusions to be made about the joint
strength.
4.5.3 Testing with vacuum
4.5.3.1 Method
The vacuum method can be used for testing the imperviousness
of both lap welded joints and surface seams.
 lizensiert für: SL Aachen
Test channel width
Membrane thickness
Test pressure
Membrane Temperature
Figure 5. Test pressure as a function of the membrane temperature
during the compressed air test.
The test takes place with a transparent test bell (for example of
PMMA), which is connected to a vacuum pump. On the edge the
bell has a compression sealing ring so that the test area can be
closed off airtight.
During the test a vacuum is generated in the bell. The vacuum
must be matched to the membrane material, the membrane
thickness and the dimensions of the test bell.
4.5.3.2 Field of application
With the vacuum test non-destructive imperviousness testing of
lap welded joints with flush (closed) front edges and of build-up
welds can be carried out in sections.
Suitably shaped test bells must be used on grooves, edges and
corners.
4.5.3.3 Carrying out the test
There must be a conditioning period of approximately one hour
between joining and testing. The seam area to be tested must be
coated or sprayed with a bubble-forming liquid, for example
soapsuds. (Care must be taken to ensure that this liquid has no
impermissible effects on the long term behaviour of the weld
regions under practical conditions). The test bell should be put in
place and held down in such a way that the weld to be tested lies
approximately in the centre of the test bell axis. On longer weld
sections the bell must be repositioned as necessary. When
shifting the bell on longer test sections the test areas must
overlap by approximately 10 cm. Soft elastic membranes, for
example made of PVC-P or EPDM, are tested with a pressure of
0.2 bar, stiffer membranes with a negative pressure of 0.5 bar.
These test pressures (negative pressure) must be maintained
constant over a period of at least 10 s.
4.5.3.4 Test results
The negative pressure is displayed on the pressure gauge. If the
seam is not impervious bubbles will form. These positions must
be marked.
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4.5.3.5 Evaluation of the test results
The weld is regarded as impervious if the negative pressure
builds up continuously, remains constant during the testing time
and if no bubbles form in the weld.
4.5.3.6 Limits of the test method
Because of the length of time required for testing longer welds,
as a rule the vacuum test is limited to short weld lengths and
partial regions, such as corners, connections, T-butt joints, etc. In
many cases the vacuum tests serves as an additional test to
other test methods.
4.5.4 Testing with ultrasound
4.5.4.1 Method
The test with ultrasound works according to the pulse-echo
method. The weld is checked for defects using the principle of a
thickness measurement. The weld is assumed to be impervious
on the basis of this proof of homogeneity.
The test quipment consists of probe and base unit. The
transmitter and receiver are contained in the probe (SE). The
base unit can be equipped with analog (monitor) or digital
display.
Information about the correct testing (for example the coupling of
the probe to the weld) and the test results are displayed optically
and can be accompanied by acoustic signals.
The frequency range lies between 4 and 10 MHz.
4.5.4.2 Field of application
The ultrasonic test is used for continuous or random sample non-
destructive weld testing, mainly on lining membranes made of
PE-HD.
Only lap welded joints without test channel are tested
continuously. Lap welded joints with test channel can be checked
on a random sample basis as an addition to the compressed air
test. Surface seams can only be tested if the weld surfaces are
sufficiently flat, smooth and virtually parallel to the underside of
the weld over a sufficient width.
4.5.4.3 Carrying out the test
The test can only take place if after joining the weld has
readapted to the environmental conditions. This conditioning
period is approximately one hour for lining membranes made of
PE-HD.
The weld must be broader than the probe diameter, the test area
must be flat and clean.
The interface between transmitter and receiver is arranged
perpendicularly to the test direction, the probe is presented
perpendicularly to the surface of the weld (test surface). Water,
with or without soap, thin paste or special pastes are used as the
coupling between the probe and test surface.
Before beginning the test the unit is set up, adjusted and checked
on plane-parallel slabs of the same material according to the
instrument manufacturer's instructions.
In the case of continuous testing the probe is moved in the
longitudinal direction along the weld at a speed of approximately
1 m/min.
4.5.4.4 Test results
The test results are displayed optically and can be accompanied
by acoustic signals.
In the monitor instruments the thickness of the weld is indicated
by the back face reflection and the unwelded areas by
intermediate echos. Non-homogeneities and inclusions in the
weld region are displayed as defects. Fig. 6 shows examples of
the test signals of a defect-free and a defective weld.
On instruments with digital display the length (depth) of the
region irradiated without distortion is displayed.
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DEFECT-FREE WELD
Back face reflection (RE) outside
the monitor aperture (MB)
DEFECTIVE WELD
Back face reflection (RE) broken up
Defect echo (FE) within the monitur aperture (MB)
Figure 6. Monitor displays from ultrasonic testing.
4.5.4.5 Evaluation of the test results
The weld is regarded as impervious if over a width of 3 times the
membrane thickness, with a minimum of 10 mm, the weld is
irradiated without disturbance and without intermediate echo and
thus a homogeneous welded joint is demonstrated in this region.
The height of the back face reflection must correspond
approximately to that of the input signal.
4.5.4.6 Limits of the test method
Only welds with smooth and virtually parallel surfaces can be
tested. The width of the weld must be greater than that of the
probe diameter. A conclusion about the strength of the weld can
only be derived to a limited extent from the homogeneity.
The ultrasonic test can only be carried out by trained examiners
(skilled workers) with experience.
4.5.5 Testing with electrical high voltage
4.5.5.1 Method
This test method is based on the principle of gas discharge when
an electrical high voltage is applied to a discharge path. The test
set-up consists of a voltage source and a brush electrode.
The method ssumes that there is a counter-electrode of
conducting material on the back of the weld.
4.5.5.2 Field of application
In principle, all weld structures can be tested continuously for
imperviousness using this method. The test is preferably
applied to surface seams, i.e. welds which have no test channel
and no plane-parallel surfaces.
4.5.5.3 Execution
The weld area must be dry and free from contamination. Particles
of dirt can form an insulating layer and thus affect the test.
The test voltage must be matched to the material and the
thickness of the membrane and to the weld width. Information
about the breakdown voltages in air and in membranes of PE-
HD, ECB and PVC-P will be found in Fig. 7.
Test/breakdown voltage
Membrane thickness/sparking distance
Figure 7. Test voltage as a function of the membrane thickness and the
sparking distance during the high voltage test (Source:
STUVA Report 12/79, Page 93).
For PE-HD membranes with a thickness of 2.0 mm and above for
example, the permissible test voltage is approximately 40 kV.
With a test voltage of 40 kV, in dry air a sparking distance of
approximately 15 mm results. Thus surface seams approximately
30 mm wide can for example be tested if the counter-electrode
lies in the centre of the weld, the lack of imperviousness is
continuous and runs virtually perpendicularly to the weld. The
sparking distances increase with higher air humidity.
The brush electrode is passed over the weld at a speed of
approximately 10 m/min. Care must be taken to ensure that the
field strength necessary for the flash-over can build-up.
4.5.5.4 Test results
When continuous lack of imperviousness exists over the test
length (half the weld width) a flash-over takes place between the
electrode, which is visible and audible.
4.5.5.5 Evaluation of the test results
The weld is regarded as impervious if no spark discharge occurs.
4.5.5.6 Limits of the method
Only leakages which are continuous and which run virtually
perpendicularly to the weld can be detected. The test length must
be matched to the sparking distance in air.
4.6 Test reports
The results of the site tests must be recorded in test reports. The
test reports for the various weld structures are shown in the
Annexes:
No. 1 Test report for the lap welded joint without test channel
No. 2 Test report for the lap welded joint with test channel
No. 3 Test report for the surface seam
These reports must be completed by the laying contractor as part
of the internal supervision, checked for completeness,
countersigned and safeguarded by the Site Management and
technically checked by the external supervision.
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5 Instructions for retouching work 6 Standards, Specifications, Guidelines

In the context of this Direction only general indications can be DIN 1910 Welding: Welding of Plastics, Methods
given. In all cases before the beginning of a building project the Part 3
nature and scope must be finally determined in relation to the (09.77)
project between the Employer, Contractor, Site Management and DIN 7728 Plastics; Code Letters and Abbreviations for
External Supervision. They must be adapted to the membrane Part 1 Polymers and their Special Properties
material and to the requirements imposed on the sealing system. (02.89)
The joining work for retouching must be carried out in DIN 7864 Elastomer Membranes for Seals; Requirements,
accordance with DVS Direction 2225 Part 1. Part 1 Testing
The greatest care must be taken when carrying out retouching (04.84)
work, because testing this work according to all quality criteria DIN 16726 Plastic Roof Membranes, Plastic Lining
and further retouching are only possible to a limited extent. (12.86) Membranes; Tests
The nature of the retouching work depends on the size and DIN 16729 Plastic Roof Membranes and Plastic Lining
frequency of the irregularities and defects. (09.84) Membranes made of Ethylene Copolymerisate-
Bitumen (ECB); Requirements
– Extrusion build-up welds
DIN 16736 Plastic Roof Membranes and Plastic Lining
Surface seams (additional build-up seams) are only carried out (12.86) Membranes made of Chlorinated Polyethylene (PE-
on membranes made of or made on the basis of PE. They are to C) Laminated on one side; Requirements
be applied to locally limited irregularities and defects. The
affected weld regions must be carefully removed mechanically. DIN 16737 Plastic Roof Membranes and Plastic Lining
The welding filler should be applied in the smallest possible (12.86) Membranes made of Chlorinated Polyethylene (PE-
thickness and with flat trailing edges. C) with a Fabric Interlay; Requirements
– Retouching with pieces and strips of membrane DIN 16776 Plastic Moulding Compound; Polyethylene (PE-
Part 1 Moulding Compounds), Classification and
Over larger defective areas and continuous defects (holes), (12.84) Designation
pieces or strips of membrane made of the corresponding lining
DIN 16920 Adhesives, Adhesive Processing, Definitions
membrane material must be applied. The membrane sections
(06.81)
must extend at least 10 cm beyond the individual defective areas
and must be applied by joining methods suitable for the material. DIN 16925 Extruded Panels of Polyethylene (PE); Technical
In the case of PE-HD membranes only manual extrusion welding (07.84) Conditions of Supply
must be used. DIN 16937 Plastic Lining Membranes of Polyvinylchloride
– Retouching welds over their full length (12.86) containing Plasticizer (PVC-P) bitumen-compatible;
Requirements
Continuous defective welds and welds with continuous
irregularities must either be joined again or covered over their full DIN 16938 (12.86) Plastic Lining Membranes of
length with a strip of membrane at least 0.6 m wide, which is Polyvinylchloride containing Plasticizer (PVC-P)
joined correctly on both sides. non-bitumen compatible; Requirements
DIN 18195 Vapour Barrier Membranes; General
Part 1
(08.83)
DIN 53370 Testing of Plastic Films; Determination of the
(02.76) Thickness by Mechanical Scanning
DIN 53455 Testing of Plastics; Tensile Test
(08.81)
DIN 53504 Testing of Rubber and Elastomers; Determination
(03.85) of Residual Tear Strength, Tensile Strength,
Elongation at Break and Stress Values in the
Tensile Test