—RQA Gg ‘SPECIMEN MATERIAL vid A-level BIOLOGY (7402/2) Paper 2 Specimen 2014 Session Materials For this paper you must have: © a ruler with millimetre measurements * acalculator. Instructions * Use black ink or black ball-point pen. * Fill in the boxes at the bottom of this page. * Answer alll questions. Information ‘+ The marks for questions are shown in brackets. ‘The maximum mark for this paper is 91. Please write clearly, in block capitals, to allow character computer recognition. Centre number [_| Candidate number [ I Sumame LI Forename(s) (TT TT TTTTTT LILI Candidate signature Scanned with CamScanner| [Describe the roles of calcium ions and arene contraction of a myofibril. qu igase_inro_m yoru 50. renCUwH - carcuun icny cause maveMUe GF Hopomyes WW ona aGth (amok. qs couses tho CxPoSWWe b+ We LUIAG pues gn Ho AGH: Nydth foads son axach +0 bndiitg set cc Hydewsis G ATP an MGA VEOOS COURS [Extra space] urs; ope ee ro —~ grow?) eae Give two ways in which ATP 0 [2]. [2] ATPis an energy source used in many cell p is a suitable energy source for cells to use. [2 marks] 1 _ATp URd 4G Praphnoryrare Ghar canpowdy macwng Mae gow - - 2_ATP easy enggGy in sman wnaneagaibne aMovy Scanned with CamScanner2 10 1 ered in the skin of a A biologist investigated the stimulation of a Pacini fingertip. She used microelectrodes to measure the maximum membrane potential of a Pacinian corpuscle and its sensory neurone when different pressures were applied to the fingertip. Figure 4 shows the Pacinian corpuscle, its sensory neurone and the position of the microelectrodes. Figure 4 Microelectrode P Microelectrode Q eee eee Pacinian corpuscle ‘Sensory neurone Table 2 shows some of the biologist's results. Table 2 Pressure applied tothe | Membrane potential at P/ Membrane potential at Q/ fingertip millivolts millivolts None -70 -70 Light 50 -70 Medium: +30 +40 Heavy +40 +40 rare BTTCOb Ie SNe In £0 &t Explain how the resting potential of -70 mV is maintained in the sensory neurone when no pressure is applied. [2 marks] Memwrane mae _peryraale to poracsum kT yar ies veto Sedum 1ag-3N a7 Ok Vd pedLuin PAU eunp ond 2% Onress Scanned with CamScannera ahi J lain how applying pressure fo the Pacifian corpuscle pahuds the changes in iembrane potential recorded by microelectrode P. [3 marks] The_Pressue Causes pro Maltefane to becore Pe GaVed and grreecuay . Sadun channress oA Shot enecssin Grease plese and move Grainne oon BNO Chie in: [Extra space] ‘ wargeet Oat on sg « [3] The membrane potential at as the same whether medium or taal pressure applied to the finger tip. Explain why. [2 marks] The _fhemhald jas ween readed and is eho _ ne ue Sanbint ji ard YONG? Asi ar DoThihe py Cpe. AAC OGETS 6 ¢ PNG sonery Note Co Gr NES SOR Gutd lultiple sclerosis is a disease in which parts of the myelin sheaths surrounding (214). recs are destroyed. Explain how this results in slower responses to soe i ma ies5 sacra CrdbenOr ach parthhas Jo ode Bonn «nove WU be ibid AOpNGrsna Gves length Cr mom ice s Scanned with CamScanner16 Osmoreceptors are specialised cells that respond to changes in the water potential of eae ny pavalow§ "eta Bre the location of osmoreceptors in the Co of a mammal. [1 mark] 7 Fryparralamus osmasf ue - WP } V |). 2) a person is dehydrated, the cell volume of an osmoreceptor decreases. plain why. [2 marks] Tye wort porenndy pp aw bod dedieafes and Woe OES pron asmcvecopre’ lnue bad by osmas ly 7 QUT OO onc (" |[ETZ)- Gay stimutation of osmoreceptors can lead to secretion of the hormdne ADH. Describe and explain how the secretion of ADH affects urine produced by the kidneys. [4 marks] ye _permenyuy oF memMWIiAne aus 46 WOIEY js marased fo mae war y aosdeedand _[eoxeS CUPO ALU we COVLAGHAG GIG + Thare ww pe less _unne watt {ts woe conGnydeer_| che uA pTowacl WuL be mcre COGIINEd ard have (Cw Vdure . [Extra space] Scanned with CamScannerop eKoe Answer = ard ody MOS WeLG Nr [5] Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine found in muscle tissues. Apart from age and gender, give two factors that could affect the concentration of creatinine in the blood, [1 mark] 1 the amownc C Cx @FCue garemne has 2 the wei gnr and picks Mas5 OLtO poIscy, Turn over for the next question Scanned with CamScanner