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UGC - NTA NET – YOGA – UNIT - I

Fundamentals of Yoga: History and Various Schools of Yoga

VEDHAKKANI VIDHYALAYA, SALEM.

C.Gunasekaran,Ph.D Scholar, M.Sc-Yoga.,TTC-Yoga.,UGC NET Yoga.,PG Dip. In Thirumandhiram.,
8778366676
 SYLLABUS
o History and Various Schools of Yoga.
o History and Development of Yoga.
o Meaning & Definitions of Yoga.
o Misconceptions of yoga.
o Aim and Objectives of Yoga.
o Introduction to Vedas.
o Upanishads and Prasthanatrayee
o Concept of Purushartha Chatushtaya.
o Basic concepts of Shad-darshanas
oSpecial emphasis to Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta Darshana.
 SYLLABUS
o Introduction to Epics and Smriti.
o Yoga in Ramayana (Aranyakand)
o Mahabharata (Shantiparva)
o Yajnavalkya Smriti.
o Brief introduction and yogic contribution of Maharshi Patanjali
and Guru Gorakshanath Traditions.
o Yoga in Narada Bhaktisutra.
o Yoga in the Literature of Saints- Kabirdas, Tulasidas and Surdas.
o Yoga in Modern Times: Yogic Traditions of Swami Vivekananda,
o Shri Aurobindo, Maharshi Ramana.
 SYLLABUS
oMaharshi Dayanand Saraswati.
oYoga in Contemporary Times: Brief Introduction of Sri
Shyamacharan Lahiri.
oSri T. Krishnamacharya,
oSwami Shivanada Saraswati.
oSwami Rama of Himalayas.
oMaharshi Mahesh Yogi.
oPt. Sri Ram Sharma Acharya and their contribution for the
development and promotion of Yoga.
oIntroduction to Jnanayoga, Bhaktiyoga, Karmayoga,
Rajayoga, Hathayoga and Mantra Yoga.
oElements of Yoga in Jainism and Buddhism.
 Yoga
• Yoga is a vast discipline aimed at integrating mind, body and spirit
to achieve a state of enlightenment or self-realization.

• Yoga is the science of right-living and it works wonders when

integrated into our daily life.

• It works on all aspects of the person — the physical, emotional,

intellectual and spiritual.

• The different branches of yoga prescribe different approaches and

techniques but they all ultimately lead to the same goal of
enlightenment.
 HISTORY OF YOGA

 10,000 Years ago – Vedhas & Upanishads

 7000 – Years ago – Ramayana

 5000 – Years ago – Bhagavad Gita (Pre Classical)

 2500 – years ago – Patanjali Yoga Sutras (Classical)

 1000 – years ago – Hatta Yoga (Post Classical)

 Meaning & Definitions of Yoga.
Yoga is derived from ‘Yuj’ (Join together /union)
Dictionary meaning : Yujyate Anena Iti Yogah (which unites is yoga)
Yoga Sutra : Yogah Chitta Vritti Nirodhah – 1.2
Vyasa : Samadi
Bhagavat Gita :
Samatvang Yogauchyate ( Equanimity in Likes & Dislikes) 2.48
Yogah Karmasu Kaushalam (Selfless Action) 2.50
Dukha Samyoga Viyogam (Dissociates From Dukka) 6.23
Ishta Anishta-o-Upapat’thishu (Equanimity) 13.9

Yoga vasistha :
Manah Prasamnah Upaya Yoga Itiabi Dhiyate
(subtle Technique To Calm The Mind)
Kathopanishad : Tam Yogam Iti Manyante Sthiram Indriya Dharanam (yoga Is Holding
The Senses Steadily)
 Yoga - Aims and Objectives
Ministry of AYUSH
• it gives deep relaxation at the muscular level, 9 Introduction to Yoga and Yogic
Practices.

• The ultimate aim of Yoga is to set the individual free from the sufferings

• it slows down breath and maintains balance at pranic level,

• it increases creative and will powers at mental level,

• it sharpens the intellect and calms the mind down at the intellectual level,

• it enhances happiness in life and equipoise at the emotional level, and

• it manifests the inherent divinity in man in all aspects of his life. of life.
BREAK THE CHAIN & REACH YOGA
PURUSHA /
JEEV / ATMA
+
[IMPRINTS /
IGNORANCE]

AVERSION
THOUGHTS
or DISIRE
(Virthis)

ACTION
SUKKA or (Good/Bad)
DUKKA pAbha or
punyA
 MISCONCEPTION OF YOGA

• Asanas are Yoga

• Hindu Religious

• Physical Exercise

• Yoga for Body related or physical health

 INTRODUCTION TO VEDAS
VEDAS UPAVEDA MAHAVAAKIYAM

RIG – Prayers 10,600 Verses Shilpa Veda (Architecture) Prajnanam Brahmam

1,975 Verses
YAJUR – Rituals Dhanurveda (Military) Agam Brahmasmi

SAMA – Melodies & Chants 1,549 Verses Gandarva Veda (Music) Tat Tvam Asi

ATARVANA – Magical Charms 5,977 Verses Ayurvedha (Medicine) Ayam Atma Brahmam

Fifth Veda is considered as Mahabharatha

 VEDANGAS

1. Vyakrama - Grammer

2. Shiksha - Phonetics

3. Nirukta - Etymology

4. Chandas - Metres

5. Jothis- Astronomy

6. Kalpa- Rituals
 ASHRAMAS

Karma kanda (Action)

Samhita - Praising Mantra Brahmacharya - the Student Stage

Brahmana - Ceremonies Grahastha - House Holder

Upasana Kanda
Aranyaka Vanaprastha - Hermit Stage

Jnana Kanda (Wisdom)

Upanishad portion of Aranyaka Sanyasa - Wandering Ascetic stage
 INDIAN PHILOSOPHICAL SYSTEMS

Nastika (Hetrodex) Aastika (Orthodex)

Jainism, Buddhisam, The schools accepted Vedhas as
Charuvakkam main resource

The Schools that bassed on Sankiyam, Yogam, Nyayam,

Vedhas Vaisedikam
Independent schools

Purva Mimasa Utra-Mimasa(Jnana

(Karma kanda) kanda)
 Basic concepts of Shad-darshanas
Approximate
School Author Text time Deals with
Acquiring
Nyaya Gautama Nyaya sutra 6th century BC knowledge

Vaisheshika Kanaad Vaisheshik sutra 6th century BC Atom / Matter

Consciousness and
Sankya Kapil Sankya sutra 6th century BC matter
Maharishi
Yoga Patanjali Yoga sutra 2nd century BC Sankya, Divinity
Poorva Mimansa
Poorva Mimansa Jaimini sutra 4th century BC Dharma - duty

Vedanta Badrayanar Uttara Mimansa sutra 4th century BC Goal of Vedas

 NYAYA DARSHANA
Rules of Logic – nyaya vada – Dharka vadha
Pramanas:
Seven Padarthas – Materialism
• Praktiyaksham - Right Perception 1. Substance – jputpak;
2. Qualities – Fzk;
• Anumanam - Inference 3. Action – fUkk;
4. Generality – rhkhdpak;
• Aptavaakyam - Authority
5. Particularity – tpNrrk;
• Upamanam – Comparison 6. Relation – rkthak;
7. Non-Existence – mghtk;.
 NYAYA DARSHANA
• Nyaya – Means Argumentation Pratyaksha
1.Luakika – Ordinary
• Tarakashastra
2.Aluakika - Extraordinary
• Pramanashastra Perception
1.Nirvikalpa - Indeterminate
• Vadavidya
2.Savikalpa - Determinate
• Hettuvidya Pramana
–Prartha pranmanya-Valid knowledge
Apramana=Non -Valid knowledge
 VAISESHIKA DARSHANA
• Vaiseshikam from Vishesham – Induviduvality
• ATOMIC THEORY
• ASHAT-KARIYA VADHA / AARAMBAVADHA
• Samyoga sambantham- Pen on table
• Samvaya sambatham

Pramanas:
Praktiyaksham - Right Perception
Anumanam – Inference
Moksha: Liberation from state of affliction
 VAISESHIKA DARSHANA

Seven Padarthas – Materialism

Nava (Nine)- Diraviya
1. Substance – jputpak;
1. Earth
2. Qualities – Fzk; 2. Water
3. Action – fUkk; 3. Fire
4. Generality – rhkhdpak; 4. Air
5. Particularity – tpNrrk; 5. Ether
6. Time
6. Relation – rkthak;
7. Place
7. Non-Existence – mghtk;. 8. Self-Atma
9. Mind-Manas
 POORVA MEEMAMSAM
• Samhita part of Veda - KARIYA VADHA

Pramanas: Seven Padarthas – Materialism

1. Substance – jputpak;
Praktiyaksham 2. Qualities – Fzk;
3. Action – fUkk;
Anumanam 4. Generality – rhkhdpak;
5. Particularity – tpNrrk;
Relation – rkthak;
Sapda (sruthi) -Vedam
6.
7. Non-Existence – mghtk;.
 POORVA MEEMAMSAM
• Poorva mimasa – karma mimamasa.
• Mimamsa mean- Systematic Analysis, Enquiry, Depth Study.
• Vedha
• Brahmanas – Karmakanda – Poorva mimamsa-Jaimini – Text:Kalpa sutra
• First Commentary on Kalpa sutra – Upavarusha Mini
• Sapara bashyam – Saparaswami
• 12 Adiyayam – 2500 Sutras.
• 4 - Base : Dharma, artha, kama, Moksha(Later)
• No God – Prapancha not created by GOD
• Karana kariya – Prapancha
 SAMKYA DARSHANA

▪ Meaning of Samkya: • Shat-Kariya Vadha (Karana Kariyam)

▪ Wisdom • Cause & Effect
▪ (Poorna - Knowledge), • Universe is not Maya
▪ Counts, • Seswara sankiya
▪ Dharka Jnana
• Nireeswara sankiya
 YOGA DARSHNA
• Patanjali Maharishi

• Classical Yoga (Astanga Yoga)

• Yoga Sutras 196 in four Chapters,

• Samathi Pada – 51

• Sathana Pada - 55

• Vibuthi Pada – 56

• Kaivalya Pada - 34
 VEDANTHA DARSHANA

• 108 Upanishads
• Upanishads – Janankanda – Utra mimasa – Badrayanar (Vyasar)

• Jnana, Bakthi, Karma, Raja, Hatha Yoga, Mantra

Advidha - Shankarachariya

Dvaida - Mathuva

Visitadvida - Ramanujar
 UPANISHADS
UPANISHADS
Upa (Near By) + Ni (Devotedly) + Shad (Sitting)
Vedhanta
Total Upanishads (108)
The Principle Upanishads (10)
The goal: Liberation from the miseries and sufferings of human life.

VIDARKKAVADA
PRASTHANATRAYEE
• Upanishads
• Baghavad Gita
• Brahma Sutra
 UPANISHADS
PURUSHARTHA - Chatushtaya. [DharmArthakAmamokshah]
• Dharma
• Artha
• Kama
• Moksha

• PRAMANAS
• Praktiyaksham
• Anumanam
• Agamam/Apta Vakkiya
• Upmanam
• Arthapathi
• Anubalapti (Negation)
 EPICS & SMIRITI
• YAJNAVAKYA SMIRITHI-
• DHARMA SASTRA
• RAMAYANA
• Bala kandam
• Ayothiya Kandam
• Aranyaka Kandam
• Kishkintha kandam
• Sundra kandam
• Yuddha kandam
• Uthra kandam
• MAHABHARATA
• Shanthi Parva – 12th parva of 18.
• Upa parva – 365 Chapters – 73716 verses
1. RajaDharma Anusasan parva
2. Apadharma Anusana parva
3. Moksh Anusana Parva
 TYPES OF YOGA
• There are a number of recognized paths of yoga, of which six
have gained prominence in the ancient culture of India. These
paths are:
 Jnana Yoga
 Bhakti Yoga
 Karma
 Raja Yoga
 Hatha Yoga
 Mantra Yoga
 Narada Bhakti Sutra
• NBS is a emphasizes unconditional love in an original fashion.
• Bhakti softens the heart and removes jealousy, hatred, lust,
anger, egoism, pride and arrogance.
• It infuses joy, divine ecstasy, bliss, peace and knowledge.
• All cares, worries and anxieties, fears, mental torments and
tribulations vanish entirely.
• He attains the immortal abode of everlasting peace, bliss and
knowledge.
• The devotee gets freedom from the cycle of birth and death.
 JNANA YOGA
1. Jnana in Sanskrit means “knowledge”. Hence, Jnana Yoga is also called the Yoga of wisdom.

2. It shows the path of self-realization through discerning the real from the unreal or illusory.

3. It is a practice of discrimination between the products of nature and the transcendental Self,
until the true Self is realized in the moment of liberation.

4. Jnana Yoga is a strictly non-dualistic (Advaita Vedanta) path that encourages the yogi to
separate the real from the unreal and the self from the non-self.

5. Since, the mind is considered a part of the unreal, one must use the mind to outwit itself.

6. The principal techniques of this path are contemplation and meditation.

7. The three stages of Jnana Yoga practice are considered as sravana, manana and nidhidhyasana.

8. The sadhana chatustaya helps in the preparation of the intellect, emotion and will. With such a
preparation, the sadhaka or practitioner should begin study of Vedanta under a ‘realized’
teacher.
 Jnana Yoga
• This study consists of the three stages of Jnana Yoga practice which are as follows:
 i. Sravana (listening or absorbing the instructions),
 ii. Manana (reflection or contemplation involving reasoning and arriving at intellectual convictions), and
 iii. Nidhidhyasana (repeated meditation implementation of convictions or attaining to oneness with
Reality) on convictions/ accepted truths.

• Jnana Yoga is the most difficult path requiring tremendous strength of will and intellect.

• The sadhana chatustaya helps in the preparation of the intellect, emotion and will. With such a
preparation, the sadhaka or practitioner should begin the study of Vedanta under a ‘realized’
teacher. This study consists of the three stages of Jnana Yoga practice which are as follows:

• i. Sravana (listening or absorbing the instructions),

• ii. Manana (reflection or contemplation involving reasoning and arriving at intellectual

convictions), and

• iii. Nidhidhyasana (repeated meditation on convictions/accepted truths, or implementation of

convictions, or attaining oneness with Reality).
 Jnana Yoga - sadhana chatustaya
According to Vedantha :
• Viveka – Discrimination between real & unreal.
• Viragya – Non – Attachment
• Shatsampathi – (Sama adi shatka sampathi)
o Shama (Calmness)
o Dama (Self Control)
o Uparati (Detachment or Self withdrawal)
o Titiksha (Endurance or patience)
o Shradha (Faith)
o Samadhan (Not losing sight of goal- Brahman)
• Mumukshutva
 BAKTHI YOGAM
• Unconditional and intense love for God is Bakthi.
• Four types of devotees are described in The Bhagwad Gita in the
following sloka:
• Chaturvidhâ bhajantae mâm janâh sukrtinorjuna,
Ârto jijnâsurarthârthee jnânee cha bharatarshabha (B.Gita.7.16)
• Ârta (the distressed)
• Jijnâsu (the inquisitive)
• Arthârthee (the desirer of wealth)
• Jnâni (he, who is in search of the knowledge of the Absolute.).
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 Karma Yoga
• Karma - action. Yoga - Union. Karma Yoga = Yoga or Union through action.

• It is a path chosen primarily by those who are of an outgoing/ action-oriented nature.

• It purifies the heart by teaching the aspirant to act selflessly, without thought of personal gain or
reward.
• By detaching yourself from the fruits of your actions and offering them up to God, you learn to
sublimate the ego. According to the Bhagvad Gita, “Karma Yoga is the selfless devotion of all inner
as well as the outer activities as a Sacrifice to the Lord of all works, offered to the eternal as Master
of all the soul’s energies and austerities.”
– (The Bhagvad Gita 2.47)
• “You have a right to perform your prescribed duty, but you are not entitled to the fruits of action.
• Never consider yourself to be the cause (Hetu) of the results of your activities and never be
attached to not doing your duty”.
• That means, you should never be inactive or passive in actions.
• Consider yourself as a tool in the hands of the supreme consciousness and dedicate yourself in the
selfless service as far as you can.
– (The Bhagvad Gita 2.48).
 Raja Yoga
• Raja Yoga means royal or kingly Yoga.

• It is the supposed climax of all different paths of Yoga.

• Raja Yoga here may not refer to a particular form of Yoga but to the ultimate state
of Self-realization.

• Thanks to Swami Vivekananda, Raja Yoga came to be understood as Yoga

propounded by Maharishi Patanjali in his Yoga Sutras.

• Patanjali’s Yoga is mind-oriented and meditation is the highest practice therein.

• In Maharishi Patanjali’s words, it is “Tada Drashthu Svarupe Avasthanam”

• Raja Yoga is also called Ashtanga Yoga, referring to the eight limbs that lead to
absolute mental control.
 Hatha Yoga
• Prana – vital energy, life force, energises body & mind
• Nadi is Pranic Energy channel or passage
• Ha – Pingala nadi or sun principle
• Tha – Ida nadi or moon principle
• Hatha is balance between Pingala and Ida
• Hatha is balance of body – mind
• Pingala Ida

 Right nostril Left nostril

 Sun / Male principle Moon / female

 Physical Energy Mental Energy
 Represents Body Represents Mind
 Mantra Yoga
• Mantra Yoga is the Yoga of sound.

• The word mantra is derived from the roots ‘man’, and ‘tra’. ‘Man’ refers to ‘mind’ and ‘tra’
refers to ‘to protect’.

• Therefore ‘mantra’ stands for that which protects the mind.

• Mantra is a thought or intention expressed as sound.

• A mantra is a sacred utterance or sound charged with psycho-spiritual power.

• The power or potency of the mantra is what is exploded and attained by mantra yoga.

• Yogis use mantras to achieve deep states of meditation and to invoke specific states of
consciousness.

• The most recognized and important mantra is the sound of Om.

 JAINISM
• The first Theerthangar – Rishabha

• Twenty fouth Theerthangar – Mahavira (Vardhamana) – Bihar.

• Teachings of Jainism
• Denies God as the creator of Universe

• Basic Philosophy – Ahimsa

• Ultimate Aim – Moksha – Ending the birth and death cycle

• Not belief in heaven or hell.

• Karma determine the quality of life.

 Samana = Jainar (Who have won over the mind and senses by control)

 Saptabhangavada or Syaathavada /

 Aarugatha: (God - Arugan, Arugathar, Arugatha Religion)

 Nirgandar : (The god- Non Attached, so Nirganthar/ Nigandar, Niganda Religion.

Two Major Divison

1.Ekanthavaatham – Single God Concept

2.Anekanthavaatham – Multiple God Concept

-(Smanam Anekkavatham)
THREE RATNAS OR THREE JWELES / RATNA

• Right Faith – Samyak Dharshana

• Right knowledge – Samyak Jnanam
• Right Action – Samyak Charitra

Pramana:
 Prakthiyaksam

 Anumanam
 Sapda
 Four kind of Dhyana

• Arta – Dhyanam on Unhappiness

• Arudra – Dhyana on Cruel and Angry Thoughts

• Dharma - Dhayana on Religious matter

• Sukkla - Dhayana
Mahaviratha –
Code of conduct Five Kinds of Jnana
• Ahimsa – Not Killing • Tatva jnana
• Kevala jnana – Omni Science
• Satya – Honesty
• Srutu jnana – Scriptural Knoledge
• Asteya - Non Stealing
• Direct Jnana
• Brahamacharya – Chasity
• Mati jnana – Sensory knoldge
• Aparigraha – Non Possessive
• Avadhi Jnana – Clairvoyance

• Manaha Prayaya jnana- Telepathy

 SIX - KIRYAS
• Samayiham – Equanimity (Practicing serenity & Meditaion)

• Thuthi – Praising

• Salutation – Study of Jain Scriptures

• Pratikirmanam - Self Protection

• Piraaichittam – Charity

• Visargam – Non Attachment of Body

 Seven Discipline
• Losam – Fluking of hair follicles

• Dhigamparam – Nirvana (Without Cloths)

• No Bath

• Laid on floor

• No Brushing

• Take food with standing

• Eka pukam (One time food per a day)

 NAVA PADHARTHAM
• Animate – Jeevan (Gathi: Naraga, Animal , Human & Deva)
• Inanimate – Ajeevan
• Virtue – Punnya
• Sin – Paava
• Spring – Asarvam (Kanma)
• Blockade – Samvarai – (Blocking of Spring –Two kind of Karmas)
• Shedding – Nirjarai (Errodication of Karmas)
• Merging – Bhandham (Karmas & Lives)
• Moksha – Moksha
• (Kevala/Atma Jnanam, Atma darisanm, Atma veeriyam, Atma sukam)
• Siddha seelam: Liberation of Soul
The superior ten qualities - Virtue
1. Tolerance
1. Sakara dharmam- for Family hood
2. Kindness
2. Anakaram – Munies, Women Saint
3. Integrity - Aarjavam
4. Cleanliness – Saugam
5. Honesty - Sathiyam
6. Equanimity - Samyamam
7. Meditation - Dhavam
8. Sacrifice - Thiyaga
9. Non Coveting – Aginchanatha – (No Raga)
10.Chastity - Brahmachariyam
 BUDDISM
• Gautama Buddha – Siddhartha – Nepal

• Sanabanga Vada-Anithya / Kshanikkavada

Buddha’s Four Noble Truths

1. Life is full of sorrow and misery
2. Desire is the cause of misery
3. Sorrows & Sufferings can be removed by giving up one’s desire
4. The desire can be overcome by following the Eight fold path.
 Three kind of Jwells
Buddham Saranamngachame
Dhammam Saranamngachame
Sangham Saranamngachame

FOUR KIND OF MEDITATION TECHNIQUE

• Kayanupaasana – Body

• Vedhanupasana – Feelings Sensation

• Chittanupasana – Mind Conciousness

• Dhammanupasan - Mukkti
 Eight Fold Path – Ashtanga marga

• Right view – Samayak Dristi

• Right Thought – Samayak Sankalpa

• Right Speech – Samayak vak (Vak Sudhi)

• Right Action – Samayak karmanta (Karma shuddhi)

• Right Livelihood – Samayak jiva (Aajivika Sudhi)

• Right Effort – Samayak vyayama (Vicharam Shuddhi)

• Right Knowledge – Samayak ksmriti / Sati (Right Mindfulness)

• Right Meditation – Samayak samathi

 Yoga in literature of kabirdas
• Kabir was one of the chief exponents of the Bhakti movement in the medieval period. He is the
first Indian saint who has coordinated the Hinduism and Islam by giving a universal path which
could be followed by both , later known as Kabirpanthis.
• He preached a religion of love which aimed at promoting unity amongst all castes
• Only path to attain God is the path of Bhakti or devotion.
• With pure thoughts and a pure heart one can devote himself towards God. No formal rites or
rituals are required.
• Completel Surrender at the feet of God to receive His blessings.
• According to him every life has relationship with two spiritual principles (Jivatma and
Paramatma). His view about the moksha that, it is the process of uniting these two divine
principles.
• The poems are called variously as dohe, saloka and sakhi. Sakhi means to be memorizes and to
remind the highest Truth
• The total works are seventy two including some of the important and well known works are
Rekhtas, Kabir Bijak, the Suknidhan, Mangal, Vasant, Sabdas, Sakhis and Holy Agams his hymns
were incorporated in the Adi-granth of the Sikhs.
Yoga in literature of Rambola (Tulsidas)
• Tulsidas was a great poet and a devotee.
• His works, RamCharitManas (popularly known as Ramayana)
• Guru - Narharidas.
• “The ethical Brahman, passionless,’ formless, without attributes
(nirguna) and yet possessing the fundamental quality of
goodness (sattva)
• There is one God; It is Rama, creator of heaven and earth and
redeemer of mankind….For the sake of his faithful people a
very god, Lord Rama, became incarnate as a king and for our
sanctification lived as it were; the life of any ordinary man.”
• Other works: Hanuman Chalisa , Vairagya Sandipini, Vinaya
Patrika ,Krishna Gitavali or Krishnavali , Kavitavali , Dohavali.
 Yoga in literature of surdas
• Sur Das was another saint, and poet who preached religion of love and devotion to
a personal God
• Guru - Vallabharacharya
• The works and poems of Sur Das exercised tremendous influence on the people
and encouraged them to follow the path of Bhakti.
• Sur-Saravali : it is based on the festival of Holi, originally consisted of hundred
verses. In this poem, he tried to create a theory of Genesis, with Lord Krishna as
the Creator.
• Sahitya-Lahiri : is mainly associated with Bhakti (devotion) towards the Supreme
Lord.
• Sur-Sagar : is considered to be the magnum opus of Surdas. The poem has been
woven around the life of Lord Krishna. It originally contained 100,000 poems or
songs, out of which only 8000 have survived the travails of time.
Swami Vivekanda
• Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was a Hindu monk who played a key role in introducing yoga and
Hindu philosophy to the Western world.
• Guru : Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa ( 1836 – 1886)
• Followded : Advaita Vedanta philosophy
• Founded the Vedanta Society of New York and Ramakrishna Mission, Ramakrishna Mutt in india
• Works: karma yoga ,raja yoga , vedhantadharsan , practical vedanta , vedanta philosophy, para
bakthi etc..,

Shri Aurubindo
• Supramental or integral yoga , involution ,evolution , integral psychology,super mind.
• Founder of Aurobindo Ashram , pondy.
• Guru : Vishnu Bhaskar Lele
• Disciple: mirra alffassa(mother)
• Works: The Life Divine , The Synthesis of Yoga.

Maharishi Ramana
• Original name: Venkataraman Iyer,(1879 – 1950)
• Followded : Advaita Vedanta philosophy
• Literary works:
• Self Enquiry( Nan Yar??-Who Am ??)
• Five Hymns Of Arunchala
Swami Dayananda Saraswathi (1930-2015)
• Founded :- Arsha Vidhya Gurukulam
• Followded :- Advaita Vedanta philosophy
• (upanishads, bhagavat gita bhramasutra)
• Guru : swami chinmayananda
• He is the spritual guru of our prime minister Mr. Narendra Modi.
• Works :- Freedom from Fear ;Freedom from Helplessness ; Freedom from Sadness ;
Freedom from Stress ; Freedom in Relationship
Sriram Sharmacharya
• Founder of All World Gayathri Pariwar
• Guru- Shri Sarveswarananda
• Prajna yoga
Swami Rama of Himalayas
• Founder: Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy
• Follower – sanatana dharma
• Guru- bengali baba
• Honour- Shankaracharya at Karvirpitham
 Yoga Parampara
Manikrao –First Guru Nath Parampara Swami Krishna MAHA AVATAR
Saraswati BABAJI
(Jothir Mutt)
Matsyendranath
Madhava Das
Kalajnana Niranya Shyamacharan
Bhrahmanand lahidi (1828-
Saraswathi(1868-1953) 1895)Bengal
Swami Kuvalyananda Gorakhnath-
(Jothir Mutt) (Lahiri
(1883-1966) Author- Yogabhija,yoga
Marthanda,shiddha mahasya,kashi
Founded – Baba)
Kaivalyadhama Siddhantha Paddhati Maharishi Mahesh
Yogi(1918-2008), Kriya Yoga (series
(Pune) of inner pranayama
Svathmarama- Transcendal
Yoga Research Meditation, Degree In practice)
Institutions Author Of Physics,
Hathapradeepika
Maharishi Open Yukdeswargri(1855-
University (1998) 1936)
established a self
Sri Sri Ravishankar realization fellowship
(1956-) in1024(boston)
Art Of Living) Paramahasa
Yogananda (1893-
1952)
Yogoda satsanga
society
 Yoga Parampara
Sri Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
• Contribution: Hatha Yoga School In Mysore ,
• Founder : Viniyoga –Vinyasa Karma Yoga
• Architect Of Vinyasa: Sense Of Combaining Breathing With Movement
• Works: Yoga Markanda, Yoga Ragashya,yoga Valli
• Worked As Asthana Vidwan In Kingdom Of Krishnaraja Wandiar

INDRA DEVI (1899- K.PATTABI JOIS (1915- BKS IYENGAR( 1918- IKV DESIKACHAR
2002)first lady of 2009) 2014) (1938-2016)
yoga-1947
• First modern school • Author of yoga mala- • Author of light on • Author of heart of
of yoga 1953, and 1953 yoga -196 yoga-1995 and
school of bollywood krishnamachary
yoga
mandram=1976
 Yoga Parampara
Swami Sivananda (1887-1963)- Tamilnadu

• Divine Life Society-1936

• Author – Music As Yoga
• Guru- Viswananda Saraswathi
Satyananda Sachidanand
Vishnu Devanad Chinmayananda
Saraswathi Saraswathi
(1917-2003) (1916-1993)
(1923-2009) (1914-2002)
• Bihar School • Sivananda • International • Chinmaya
Of Yoga-1964- Yoga Yoga Institute Mission
jharkhand
• Disciple-
Niranjananada
Saraswathi
(1960)
 WORLD YOGA DAY
• 21 JUNE EVERY YEAR ( Dhakshinayam strat- Lorgest day in northen hemisphere)
• This day is natural support day for spiritual practices.

• 2015 –Synergy – Hormony and Peace (Out put is high

• First G.Record - Rajpad – new delhi – 21 asanas – 35985p.
• Second G.Record – 84 Nations – UN approval 177 Countries.

• 2016 – Chandigarh (Punjab) - Connect the Youth

• 2017 – lucknow (UP) – Yoga for Health
• 2018 – Dehradun (Uttarkhand) – Yoga for Peace – Forest Research Institute.
• G.Record- 100000p – Kota (Rajasthan)
 2019 – Ranjchi (Jharkhand)
• 20.06.2019 – UN – Yoga with Gurus

• 21.06.2019 - Clemet Action – India

• 22.06.2019 - Yoga for Heart - AYUSH

• Awarded to Ramamani Iyyngar Memorial Yoga Institute –

Outstanding contribution, Promotion and development of yoga.

2020 – Yoga for health- Yoga at home

• Due to the social distancing measures adopted by most countries, the theme set by
United Nations for the year 2020