Global Aquaculture Development

Status and Technology Innovation

Xinhua Yuan, PhD
Senior Aquaculture Officer
Fisheries Division, FAO
Rome, Italy
Contents
• State of World of Aquaculture
• Aquaculture technology innovation
• Problem oriented
• Demand oriented
• Way forward
http://www.fao.org/3/ca4076en/ca4076en.pdf http://www.fao.org/publications/sofia/2020/en/

Chapter 8 Fish and seafood

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How to fill the gap of demand of aquatic
products of the world
• Facts:
• Aquaculture developed fast in recent decades all over the world
• The development is not balance;
• There are great potential vs capture fisheries;
• Innovations:
• Problem oriented
• Demand oriented
Resource limitation

Resource  Land, very limited and high opportunity

availability cost
 Water resource scarcity (use 3-45 m3/kg
fish)1
 Aquatic species (animal, plant, algae)
 Development Priority often given to
agriculture
 Feed resources
Environmental Concerns
Environmental  Limitation of carrying capacity
sustainability  Increasing concern of
environmental sustainability
 Issues of using fish meal and
fish oil
 Use of chemicals and drugs
Direct Threats at Farm Level
Poor Seed
Uncertainty of
Deterioration of Quality and
Diseases Feeds and Feed
Genetic Quality Unreliable Ingredients
Supply

Compliance with
increasing
Market Consumer
stringent Natural Disasters
Uncertainty Expectations
requirement for
farming practice

External Factors
Climate Change

Climate  Loss of land

 Salinity intrusion
Change
 Water and soil quality
 Stress to farmed animals
 Increased farming risks:
 Extreme weathers
 More frequent disasters
 Vulnerability and sustainability
• Adoption of innovative
Technological farming practices and
Aspects implement BMP/GAPs
Feasible and • Better aquaculture
productive governance
• Improved productivity
• Better economic
Sustainable performances
Aquaculture • Better resource efficiency
Systems
Relevant and Friendly and • Less issues related to
profitable compatible environmental impacts,
Social Economic Environmental food safety and quality
resilience resilience
 Technology innovation – key to sustainable growth
 Pond based integrated recirculating aquaculture
 Recirculating aquaculture
 Off-shore cage culture,
 Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
 Agriculture-aquaculture integration, rice-fish for
example
 Smart farming and application of digital
technology

Path to the Global Conference on Aquaculture Millennium +20 | Regional Reviews of Aquaculture | 26-29 October 2020
 Impacts of COVID-19

Impacts have yet to fully unfold

Apparently extensive damage to market chains on both the supply and
demand side, including:
Curtailment of consumer spending due to massive business closures
and job losses.
Some disruption of food processing and packing facilities due to
public health measures.
Heavy disruption of the restaurant trade as per above.
Extreme disruption of air freight, due to wholesale grounding of
commercial airline fleets.
The extent of impact will likely vary by sub-sector
Aquaculture Innovations
• Land and spaces • Breeding and genetics
• Planning and policy • Selective breeding
• Offshore • Hybridization
• Aquaponic • Introduction new species
• Rice fish • Improving bio-security
• Water saving
• Progressive Management
• Saline aquaculture Pathway
• Antimicrobial alternation
• Environment/quality • Labour and intensity
• Aquapark
• Engineering and mechanic
• Aquacluster
• Traceability • Business and management
• Feed and feeding • E-commerce
• Smart aquaculture • Cold chain

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Ecosystem aquaculture approach
 Freshwater aquaculture in the desert
• Freshwater resource is extremely
scarce so integrated or recirculated
aquaculture is the main venue
• Irrigation-Aquaculture integration
(cages in water storage dams)
• Aquaponics

Aquaponics experiment at SQU Oman (Wenresti Gallardo)

Aquaculture Types
Farm/Tank vs Ranch/Cage
Aquaculture engineer
• Improved pond system
• Pond raceway aquaculture
• Water monitoring robots
• Precise feeding system
• Mechanic harvesting/transportation
Improved design
Diversification
• Market demand
• Biological and climate
• Breeding programs
 Dissolved
Nutrients (N, P)
Particulate
Organic matter
Oxygen

Babylonia snail
Benthic Organic
matter

Green mussel Seaweed

Sea cucumber
Integrated Agro-Aquaculture (IAA)
• Rice fish farming (including GIAHS)
• Aquaponics
• Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)
Planning and Aquapark
• National planning
• Enabling policy (Allowed Zone for Aquaculture)
• Spatial planning
• Available land, water, etc.
• Viable aquapark
• Infrastructure (irrigation, ponds, hatchery, feedmill, electricity, processing,
transportation, clinic, influent treatment, etc.)
• Organization of farmers, company +; contract, cooperatives, etc
• Production system and production chain
• Quality and surveillance
• Best practice guidelines
 Aquapark II:
Nucleus: hatchery, feedmill, livefood, tanks, farmers,
clinic
Infrastructure: irrigation, electricity, road
Extended: cool storage, packing, market, transportation,
influents treatment, vegetable
Upgrade: standardization, certification
Function: eco-tourism, education

Aquapark I:
Nucleus: hatchery, feedmill, pond, farmers, clinic
Infrastructure: irrigation, electricity, road
Extended: cool storage, packing, market, transportation,
influents treatment
Upgrade: standardization, certification
Function: eco-tourism, education
Synergies of Aquaculture and Tourism
• Job opportunity
• Economic balance during growth season
• Harvest supply as organic food material
• Avoid profit from intensification
• More concern on environment-friendly
• Culture heritage and show
• Education
Best aquaculture practice
• Broodstock management
• Seed production
• Cage aquaculture management
• Fish feeding
• Fish health management
• Waste management
• Transportation and storage
• Marketing
 The Way Forward
The way forward
• Creating an “enabling environment”
• Governance on sustainable development
• Research and Development support
• Solid private sector investment
• Standard and certification
• Technological innovation
• International and regional cooperation, partnership
Coming events:
http://www.fao.org/fishery/en

• the Fourth Global Conference on Aquaculture Millennium +20

• 26-30 October 2020, Zoom webinar

• the Fourth Global Conference on Aquaculture Millennium +20

• 22-27, September, 2021, Shanghai, China

• The 11th Sub-Committee on Aquaculture

• 2021, Mexico
Thank you for your attention!

E-mail: Xinhua.yuan@fao.org