Home Work Chapter 1.1-1.

1.21–>Question not in book.

1.23
Q. Describe how you can determine what you have learned and haven’t learned
before you take an exam.
A. Using the end-of-chapter review concepts and questions as a personal quiz one
can determine their weaknesses, knowledge gaps, and grasped concepts and
strengths. This information tells one the concepts they have or haven’t learned.

1.35
Q. Discuss the differences between hypothesis and theory.
A. A hypothesis is simply an attempt to explain an observation or series of
observations. If many experiments support the hypothesis, it may attain the status
of a theory. A theory is a hypothesis supported by extensive testing that explains
scientific observations and data, and can accurately predict new observations and
data.

1.39
Q. Experimentation has shown that stem cell research has the potential to provide
replacement “parts” for the human body. Is this statement a theory or scientific
law? Explain your reasoning.
A. This would be an example of a theory. A scientific law is a summarization of a
massive amount of information that is consistent with a hypothesis. In this
example, the stem cell research has merely shown a potential to provide
replacement body parts for humans. This does not constitute a scientific law, as it
has not been accomplished a multitude of times with success.
1.44
Q. Explain the differences among the three states of matter in terms of volume
and shape.
A. There are three states of matter; the gaseous, liquid, and solid states. In the
gaseous state, the volume of a certain mass of an element is by far the largest and
least dense. Its particles are very widely separated, and in fact they will expand to
fill any container, regardless of shape or size. In the liquid state, the particles are
closer together. A liquid has a definite volume, but no definite shape; it takes on
the shape of its container. The particles in a solid, often have a predictable pattern
of arrangement. They are much more organized than the particles of either a
liquid or a gas and as a result a solid has both a fixed volume and fixed shape.
Attractive forces that exist between all particles are very pronounced in solids, but
much less so and gases.

1.48
Q. Distinguish between an intensive property and an extensive property.
A. An intensive property is a property of matter that is independent of the
quantity of the substance. Boiling and melting points are intensive properties. For
example, the boiling point of a drop of water is the exact same as the boiling point
of a liter of water. Water has the same boiling point, regardless of the amount of
water in the sample.
An extensive property depends on the quantity of the substance mass length and
volume are extensive properties. There is an obvious difference between 1 g of
silver and 1 kg of silver; the quantities, and incidentally the monetary values,
different substantially.

1.52
Q. Label each of the following as pertaining to either a solid, liquid, or gas.
a. It has a fixed volume, but not a fixed shape. Liquid
b. The attractive forces between particles are very pronounced. Solid
c. The particles are far apart. Gas
1.56
Q. Draw a diagram representing a homogeneous mixture of two different
substances. Use two different colored spheres to represent the two different
substances.
A. A homogeneous mixture as a uniform composition. Is particles are well mixed,
or thoroughly intermingled.

1.58
Q. Label each of the following as either a physical change or a chemical reaction:
a. A puddle of water evaporates. Physical Change.
b. Food is digested. Chemical Change.
c. Wood is burned. Chemical Change.