GENERAL PHYSICS

Force = mass * acceleration (N)

Area = length * width (cm^2)

Density = mass / volume (kg/m^3)

Mass = weight / gravity (kg)

Acceleration = change in velocity / change in time (m/s^2)

Volume = length * height * width (cm^3)

Moment = force * distance (Nm)

Momentum = mass * velocity (pa)

Total momentum before collision = total momentum after collision (pa)

Final momentum = initial momentum + impulse of force (without collision) (pa)

Force = momentum * acceleration (N)

Force = change in momentum / time (N)

Impulse = force * change in time (N s)

Impulse = change in momentum (N s)

Pressure1 * volume 1 = Pressure2 * volume 2

Pressure = force / area (pa)

Pressure in liquids = depth * gravity * density (pa)

Pressure due to gas = pressure in liquids * atmospheric pressure (pa)

F = kx (Hooke’s law) (m)

Low center of mass and a large base increases the stability of an object

Kinetic energy = ½ * mass * velocity^2 (Joule)

Gravitational potential energy = mass * gravity * height (Joule)

Efficiency = (useful energy output / energy output) * 100% (%)

Falling:
Falling (net) force = weight – air resistance (terminal velocity when answer is 0) (N)

Acceleration in falling = (weight – air resistance) / mass (m/s^2)

Net force is i.p to air resistance

Surface area is d.p to air resistance

Acceleration is i.p to air resistance

Speed is d.p to air resistance

Speed in i.p to air resistance after terminal velocity

Air resistance after parachute is opened will strike up due to the sudden increase in surface area then it
will gradually slow down until it reaches second terminal velocity where it is equal to the weight

Second terminal velocity is lower than the first terminal velocity

CENTRIPETAL FORCE:
The mass of the object increases, centripetal force increases

The speed of the object increases, “”

The radius of the circle decreases, “”

THERMAL PHYSICS
Thermal capacity = mass * specific heat capacity (J/Celsius)

Specific latent heat of fusion (solid to liquid) = total heat / mass of liquid change from solid (J/Kg)

Specific latent heat of vaporization (liquid to vapor) = total heat / mass of vapor change from liquid (J/Kg)

Change in thermal energy = mass * specific heat capacity * delta temperature (J/Kg C)

Energy transferred = delta mass * specific latent heat (Joules)

Change in energy = power * time (Joules)

When temperature is constant, volume is inversely proportional to pressure

When volume is constant, pressure is directly proportional to temperature

When pressure is constant, volume is directly proportional to temperature

If we increase temperature and pressure, the volume will stay constant because it is directly
proportional to temperature and inversely proportional to pressure

Thermal capacity is the amount of energy needed to change an object’s temperature by 1 °C

During the transition phase between states of matter, the temperature stays constant