fnd-of-chapter questions 1. Copy one of the diagrams of an atom shown earlier in Figure 22.8, Add the following labels to your drawing: eectron neutron proton nucleus " 2 Aspecific nucleus may be represented like this: $X. Copy and complete the table to explain what the three symbols mean. Symbol Name What it tells us x zZ A 3° Write a word equation linking the numbers of protons, neutrons and nucleons in a nucleus. 4 Atoms of an element can be different isotopes ofthat element. Copy and complete the sentences below, writing either the words the same number or the words different numbers in the gaps. a Two isotopes of an element have ...... of neutrons in their nuclei, b Two isotopes of an element have ...... of protons in their nuclei. € Two isotopes of an element have ...... of nucleons in their nuclei. 5. Copy and complete the following paragraph, choosing the best word from each pait. In Rutherford’s experiment, fast-moving alpha particles / protons were absorbed / deflected as they passed through a thick | thin gold foil. Some were back-scattered, which showed that the momentum: / mass and positive / negative charge of the atom were concentrated in a tiny space at the surface / centre of the atom. 6 Diamond is a form of carbon. It is made up (almost entirely) of carbon-12 atoms. The symbol for the nucleus of a carbon-12 atom is ¥C . a How many protons are there in a carbon-12 atom? a __b How many neutrons are there in a carbon-12 atom? a ‘How many electrons are there in a neutral carbon-12 atom? rf icular atom of gold (chemical symbol Au) contains 79 protons and 118 neutrons. many nucleons are there in the nucleus ofthis atom? rey | te the symbol for this nuclide in the form $X. re lar isotope of potassium is represented by the symbol 35K. i is the proton number of this isotope? t ts the nucleon number of this isotope? cond isotope of potassium has one more neut 2x. tron in its nucleus. Write down its symbol in RI | Scanned with CamScanner9 Emnest Rutherford devised an experiment in which alpha particles were directed at a thin gold foil ‘The results of this experiment showed that every atom has a nucleus, and the ‘plum pudding’ model of the atom had to be discarded. ‘a Consider these three particles: alpha particle, gold nucleus and electron. i What type of charge (positive or negative) does each have? ii__List the three particles in order, from smallest to largest. b_ Describe the ‘plum pudding’ model of the atom. ¢ Drawa diagram to show how an alpha particle could be scattered backwards by a gold atom, towards the source from which it came. _ Explain why most alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil. 10 The diagram represents a neutral lithium atom, All the particles in the atom are shown on the diagram. orbit a Use the diagram to help you answer the following questions. i How many electrons does this atom have? ii Whatis the value of the proton number of this atom? iii How many neutrons does the atom have? iv What is the value of the nucleon number of this atom? b Copy the diagram below, replacing the boxes with appropriate numbers, to represent this atom of lithium in nuclide notation. Li Cambridge IGCSE® Physics 0625/25, Question 12, October/November, 2011] Scanned with CamScanner B] 8] Q 2] 2] uy 0 (1) i] ol(4) ‘may be represented by 0 or m or 2000m Using these choices, copy and complete the table. Particle Charge Mass electron =1 m Reutron| Proton GB] Scanned with CamScanner