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Answer thisWhat are tAllergy symptoms vary, but may include:Breathing problems (coughing, shortness of breath) B
Answer thisWhat causeThe immune system normally protects the body against harmful substances, such as bacteria
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:Severe symptoms of allergy occur. T
Answer thisWhat to expMost allergies can be easily treated with medication. Some children may outgrow an allergy. T
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms develop rapidly, often within seconds or minutes. They may include the following:A
Answer thisWhat causeAnaphylaxis is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allerge
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if you develop severe symptoms of anaphylaxis. If you are with another person, he or
Answer thisWhat to expAnaphylaxis is a severe disorder that can be life-threatening without prompt treatment. Howe
Answer thisWhat are The main symptom is sudden swelling below the skin surface. You may also develop welts or s
Answer thisWhat causAngioedema may be caused by an allergic reaction. During the reaction, histamine and other c
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Angioedema does not respond to treatment It is severe You h
Answer thisWhat to exAngioedema that does not affect the breathing may be uncomfortable, but is usually harmless
Answer thisWhat are tMost people with asthma have attacks separated by symptom-free periods. Some people hav
Answer thisWhat causAsthma is caused by inflammation in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the muscles
Answer thisWho is at hMany people with asthma have an individual or family history of allergies, such as hay fever (a
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if asthma symptoms develop. Call your
Answer thisWhat to exThere is no cure for asthma, although symptoms sometimes improve over time. With proper s
Answer thisWhat are tDermatitis herpetiformis is usually extremely itchy. The bumps or blisters usually appear on th
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is unknown. However, dermatitis herpetiformis is frequently linked to gluten sensiti
Answer thisWho is at hDermatitis herpetiformis occurs in both men and women, usually of age 20 years and older. A
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if the rash is non- resolving despite of the treatment.
Answer thisWhat to expDermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune disorder which is strongly associated with celiac d
Answer thisWhat are tAnaphylaxis, or severe allergic reaction (see below). Hives. Itching of the skin or eyes (commo
Answer thisWhat causeAdverse reactions to drugs are common, and almost any drug can cause an adverse reaction. R
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you are taking a medication and seem to be having a reaction
Answer thisWhat to expMost drug allergies respond readily to treatment. A few cases cause severe asthma, anaphyla
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually begin immediately, within 2 hours after eating. Rarely, the symptoms may b
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, your body's immune system defends against potentially harmful substances, such a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your local emergency number, such as 911, if you have any serious or whole-body reactio
Answer thisWhat to expAvoiding the offending foods may be easy if the food is uncommon or easily identified. Howev
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms that occur shortly after you come into contact with the substance you are allergic t
Answer thisWhat causeAn allergen is something that triggers an allergy. When a person with allergic rhinitis breathes
Answer thisWho is at hWhether or not you are likely to develop allergies is often passed down through families. If bo
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if severe symptoms of allergies or hay
Answer thisWhat to expMost symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be treated. More severe cases require allergy shots.Som
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis may occur 4 - 6 hours after you have left the
Answer thisWhat causeHypersensitivity pneumonitis usually occurs in people who work in places where there are hig
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Answer thisWhat to expMost symptoms go away when you avoid or limit your exposure to the material that caused th
Answer thisHow is theThere are many methods of allergy testing. Among the more common are:Skin tests. Eliminati
Answer thisWho needsAllergy tests are done to determine the specific substances that cause an allergic reaction in a
Answer thisWhere to fiDirections to Hospitals Performing Skin allergy testing
Answer thisWhat to expNormal ResultsIn a nonallergic person, allergy tests should be negative (no response to the all
Answer thisWhat are tItching Swelling of the surface of the skin into red- or skin-colored welts (called wheals) with c
Answer thisWhat are thWhen you have an allergic reaction to a substance, your body releases histamine and other ch
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 or your local emergency number if you have:Fainting Shortness of breath Tightness in
Answer thisWhat to expHives may be uncomfortable, but they generally are harmless and disappear on their own. In m
Answer thisWhat are tBleeding Dark brown urine Muscle ache without an obvious cause, such as exercise or injury M
Answer thisWho is at hMalignant hyperthermia is inherited. Only one parent has to carry the disease for a child to in
Answer thisWhen to seTell both the surgeon and anesthesiologist before having any surgery if:You know that you or
Answer thisWhat to exRepeated episodes or untreated episodes can cause kidney failure. Untreated episodes can be
Answer thisHow is Pai The goal of pain management is to improve function, enabling individuals to work, attend scho
Answer thisWhat are tAneurysms develop slowly over many years and often have no symptoms. If an aneurysm exp
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause is unknown, but risk factors for developing an aortic aneurysm include:Smoki
Answer thisWho is at hAn abdominal aortic aneurysm can develop in anyone, but is most often seen in males over 60
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call 911 if you have pain in your belly or back that does not go a
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome is usually good if an experienced surgeon repairs the aneurysm before it rupture
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms usually begin suddenly, and include severe chest pain. The pain may feel like a
Answer thisWhat causeWhen it leaves the heart, the aorta first moves up through the chest toward the head (the asc
Answer thisWho is at hAging Atherosclerosis Blunt trauma to the chest, such as hitting the steering wheel of a car du
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have symptoms of acute aortic syndrome or severe chest pain, call 911 or your local em
Answer thisWhat to expAcute aortic syndrome is life-threatening. The condition can be managed with surgery if it is d
Answer thisWhat are tBlindness or severe vision impairment in infancy Dark patches of skin (acanthosis nigricans) De
Answer thisWhat causeAlström syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means both your paren
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child have symptoms of diabetes such as increase
Answer thisWhat to exThe following are likely to develop:Deafness Permanent blindness Type 2 diabetes Kidney and
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the organs affected by the deposits. These organs can include the tongu
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of primary amyloidosis is unknown. The condition is related to abnormal and exces
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors have not been identified. Primary amyloidosis is rare. It is similar to multiple myel
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of primary amyloidosis. You know you ha
Answer thisWhat to expHow severe the disease is depends on the organs that are affected. When the heart and kidne
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms depend on the location of the aneurysm. If the aneurysm occurs near the body
Answer thisWhat causIt is not clear exactly what causes aneurysms. Some aneurysms are present at birth (congenita
Answer thisWhen to CoCall your health care provider for if you develop a lump on your body, whether or not it is pain
Answer thisWhat to exWith successful surgical repair, the outlook is often excellent.
Answer thisWhat are sAngina itself is the most important syptom of coronary artery disease. It is the signal of myoca
Answer thisWho is at hStudies have found a number of factors that may induce angina. The risk factors of coronary a
Answer thisWhen to sePeople with cardiovascular diseases family history or bad life-style should go to the doctor to
Answer thisWhat are sAngina itself is the most important syptom of coronary artery disease. It is the signal of myoca
Answer thisWho is at hStudies have found a number of factors that may induce angina. The risk factors of coronary a
Answer thisWhen to sePeople with cardiovascular diseases family history or bad life-style should go to the doctor to
Answer thisWhat are tPatients will usually have symptoms of a blood clot, including:Coughing up blood Fainting Sho
Answer thisWhat causeAntithrombin III is a protein in the blood that naturally blocks blood clots from forming. Conge
Answer thisWhen to seSee your health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition.
Answer thisWhat to expMost patients have a good outcome if they stay on anticoagulant medications.
Answer thisWhat are sThe signs and symptoms of coarctation of the aorta depend on how much blood can flow thro
Answer thisWhat are cThe aorta carries blood from the heart to the vessels that supply the body with blood and nut
Answer thisWho is at hLike many congenital heart disease, the cause of aortic coarctation is not clear. Clinical studies
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your baby has aortic coarctation and symptoms do not improv
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of aortic coarctation depends on whether balloon angioplasty and stenting or th
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms usually begin suddenly, and include severe chest pain. The pain may feel like a
Answer thisWhat causeWhen it leaves the heart, the aorta first moves up through the chest toward the head (the asc
Answer thisWho is at hThe exact cause is unknown, but more common risks include:Aging Atherosclerosis Blunt trau
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have symptoms of aortic dissection or severe chest pain, call 911 or your local emergen
Answer thisWhat to expAortic dissection is life-threatening. The condition can be managed with surgery if it is done be
Answer thisWhat are tAortic insufficiency often has no symptoms for many years. Symptoms may occur slowly or su
Answer thisWhat causesAortic insufficiency can result from any condition that keeps the aortic valve from closing all th
Answer thisWho is at hAortic insufficiency affects approximately 5 out of every 10,000 people. It is most common in m
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of aortic insufficiency. You have aortic ins
Answer thisWhat to expAortic insufficiency is curable with surgical repair. This can completely relieve symptoms unles
Answer thisWhat are tYou may have no symptoms at all until late in the course of the disease. The diagnosis may ha
Answer thisWhat causeIn the United States, aortic stenosis often results from calcium deposits on the aortic valve. Th
Answer thisWho is at hAortic stenosis occurs more often in men than in women. The calcifications that cause most ca
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child have symptoms of aortic stenosis. For examp
Answer thisWhat to expPeople with mild aortic stenosis may do very well using a watchful waiting approach with thei
Answer thisWhat Cause The aortic valve to malfunction for several reasons. For example, the aortic valve may be abno
Answer thisAre There A failing aortic valve may cause a variety of symptoms including shortness of breath, chest pai
Answer thisHow Does TShe decision to proceed with surgery should be made with your medical care team which usu
Answer thisWhat OptionUnlike the mitral valve which can often be repaired, the aortic valve usually requires replacem
Answer thisAre There A number of excellent mechanical replacement valves or prostheses are available today. Most
Answer thisWhy Is SurThe aortic valve is the outflow valve of the left side of the heart, meaning that it opens during
Answer thisWhat Are TIndividual risks of surgery can be best estimated by your cardiothoracic surgeon and cardiolog
Answer thisWhat Will After successful aortic valve replacement, patients can expect to return to their preoperative
Answer thisHow is AortBefore your surgery you will receive general anesthesia. This will make you fall into a pain-free
Answer thisWho needsAortic valve surgery is done when the valve does not work properly. Surgery may be done for
Answer thisWhere to fiDirections to Hospitals Performing Aortic valve surgery - minimally invasive
Answer thisWhat are thRisks for any surgery are:Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs. Blood loss. Breath
Answer thisWhat to expAlways tell your doctor or nurse:If you are or could be pregnant What drugs you are taking, ev
Answer thisWhat to expAfter your operation, you will spend 3 to 7 days in the hospital. You will spend the first night in
Answer thisHow is AorBefore your surgery you will receive general anesthesia. This will make you unconscious and u
Answer thisWho needsYou may need surgery if your aortic valve does not work properly. You may need open-heart v
Answer thisWhere to fiDirections to Hospitals Performing Aortic valve surgery - open
Answer thisWhat are thRisks for any anesthesia are:Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs Blood loss Brea
Answer thisWhat to exAlways tell your doctor or nurse:If you are or could be pregnant What drugs you are taking, ev
Answer thisWhat to expExpect to spend 5 to 7 days in the hospital after surgery. You will spend the first night in the IC
Answer thisWhat are tHardening of the arteries does not cause symptoms until blood flow to part of the body becom
Answer thisWhat causeHardening of the arteries is a process that often occurs with aging. As you grow older, plaque
Answer thisWho is at hFor many people, high cholesterol levels are the result of an unhealthy lifestyle -- most comm
Answer thisWhat to expHardening of the arteries cannot be reversed once it has occurred. However, lifestyle changes
Answer thisWhat are thYou may not be aware that your heart is not beating in a normal pattern, especially if it has be
Answer thisWhat CausesArrhythmias are caused by a disruption of the normal electrical conduction system of the hear
Answer thisWhere to FiDirections to Hospitals Treating Atrial fibrillation
Answer thisWhat to expThe disorder is usually controllable with treatment. Many people with atrial fibrillation do ver
Answer thisWhen could You should not drive for 48 hours after the procedure.
Answer thisWhat medicaHave all of your prescriptions filled before you go home. You should take your drugs the way y
Answer thisShould I t You may take acetaminophen (Tylenol) every six hours as needed for pain in the area where t
Answer thisWhen mayOne I week after the procedure, you may resume your regular activities, including sexual activit
Answer thisWhen shoul You may remove the Band-aid over your puncture site and shower the day after the procedur
Answer thisWhen can IAsk your doctor when you may go back to work. This will depend on the type of work you do.
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your 911 if you feel:Pain, pressure, tightness, or heaviness in your chest, arm, neck, or jaw
Answer thisWhat are thYou may not be aware that your heart is not beating in a normal pattern. Symptoms may start
Answer thisWhat causesNormally, the four chambers of the heart contract (squeeze) in a very organized way. The elec
Answer thisWho is at hiRisk factors for the development of atrial flutter are:Presence of heart disease Past history of
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of atrial fibrillation or flutter.
Answer thisWhat to expTreatment can often control this disorder. Many people with atrial fibrillation do very well. Ho
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may occur at any time, but most often they accompany a change of body position.
Answer thisWhat causeA myxoma is a primary heart (cardiac) tumor. This means that the tumor started within the he
Answer thisWho is at hMyxomas are more common in women. About 10% of myxomas are passed down through fam
Answer thisWhen to seTell your health care provider if there is any family history of myxomas or if you have symptom
Answer thisWhat to expAlthough a myxoma is not cancer, complications are common. Untreated, a myxoma can lead
Answer thisWhat are tWhen a person has no other congenital defect, symptoms may be absent, especially in childre
Answer thisWhat Cause A heart normally develops with a small opening between the two upper chambers of the hear
Answer thisWho is at hWorldwide, atrial septal defects occur in 1 in 1500 live births. The Centers for Disease Control
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if your baby has the following symptoms as soon as possible:He
Answer thisWhere to FiDirections to hospitals treating atrial septal defects
Answer thisWhat to expSmall atrial septal defects often cause very few problems and may be found much later in life.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms associated with an atrioventricular canal defect depend largely on the type of defe
Answer thisWhat causesThe exact cause of an atrioventricular canal defect is unknown. There is some evidence to sug
Answer thisWho is at hLike most congenital heart defects, it is unclear exactly why certain babies are born with atrio
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider immediately if your child develops signs of heart failure, suc
Answer thisWhat to expAfter a successful surgery, the prognosis is good. Children are likely to lead a normal, healthy l
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of dry beriberi include:Difficulty walking Loss of feeling (sensation) in hands and fe
Answer thisWhat are thThere are two major types of beriberi:Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system. Dry beri
Answer thisWhen to CoBeriberi is extremely rare in the United States. However, if you feel your family's diet is inadeq
Answer thisWhat to expUntreated, beriberi is often deadly. With treatment, symptoms usually improve quickly.Heart
Answer thisWhat are tMost of the time, bicuspid aortic valve is not diagnosed in infants or children because it cause
Answer thisWhat causesThe aortic valve allows oxygen-rich blood to flow from the heart to the aorta. It prevents the b
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if your baby:Has no appetite Has unusually pale or bluish skin Se
Answer thisWhat to expHow well the baby does depends on whether complications of bicuspid aortic valve are presen
Answer thisWhat are tBrugada syndrome usually becomes apparent in adulthood, although signs and symptoms, inc
Answer thisWhat causMutations in the SCN5A gene cause Brugada syndrome.Mutations in the SCN5A gene have be
Answer thisWho is at hThis condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the al
Answer thisWhen to sePatients with Brugada syndrome should immediately be transported to the hospital if they suff
Answer thisWhat to exBrugada syndrome usually becomes apparent in adulthood, although it may present in infants
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with Buerger's disease may experience symptoms as the following:Pain and weaknes
Answer thisWhat causeThromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is caused by vasculitis (inflammation of the blo
Answer thisWho is at hSmoking Patients with medical history of Raynaud's disease or autoimmune diseases Race: Bu
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Buerger's disease develop.
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of Buerger's disease varies from person to person, depending on:The patient's life-s
Answer thisWhat are tMost patients with cardiac amyloidosis may experience symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopat
Answer thisWhat Cause Amyloidosis refers to a family of diseases in which there is a buildup of clumps of proteins call
Answer thisWho Is at tAmyloidosis refers to abnormal deposition of amyloid protein in the body tissues and organs.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of cardiac amyloidosis develop. If you experience a
Answer thisWhere to FDirections to Hospitals Treating cardiac amyloidosis
Answer thisWhat to expCardiac amyloidosis is a long-term (chronic) condition that slowly worsens. On average, perso
Answer thisWhat are tWhen you have an arrhythmia, your heartbeat may be:Too slow (bradycardia)Too quick (tachy
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, your heart works as a pump that brings blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for cardiac arrhythmia include:Hypertension or high blood pressure Previous hear
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop any of the symptoms of a possible arrhythmia Yo
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on several factors:The kind of arrhythmia -- some arrhythmias may be
Answer thisWhen could You should not drive for 48 hours after the procedure.
Answer thisWhat medicaAsk your doctor whether you should go back to taking the medications you were on before th
Answer thisShould I t You may take acetaminophen (Tylenol) every six hours as needed for pain in the area where t
Answer thisWhen mayYou I may resume your regular activities one week after the procedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, o
Answer thisWhen could Usually after one week, when the puncture site is healed. This usually takes about a week. You
Answer thisWhen can IIt depends on the type of your work. You can ask your doctor when you can go back to work.
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your doctor if:There is bleeding at the catheter insertion site that does not stop when you
Answer thisWhat to eatAsk about low-fat or fat-free choices. Ask the server to make substitutions like steamed veget
Answer thisWhat to avPush the butter out of your way or ask that it be removed. Ask for soft margarine instead. Ord
Answer thisWhat are tAnxiety, restlessness Chest pain - Sharp and stabbing pain which worsens with deep breathing
Answer thisWhat causeCardiac tamponade can occur when fluid or blood rapidly accumulates in pericardial cavity an
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if symptoms dev
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may occur at any time, but most often they accompany a change of body position.
Answer thisWhat causeA myxoma is a primary heart (cardiac) tumor. This means that the tumor started within the he
Answer thisWho is at hMyxomas are more common in women. About 10% of myxomas are passed down through fam
Answer thisWhen to seTell your health care provider if there is any family history of myxomas or if you have symptom
Answer thisWhat to expAlthough a myxoma is not cancer, complications are common. Untreated, a myxoma can lead
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain or pressure Coma Decreased urination Fast breathing Fast pulse Heavy sweating, m
Answer thisWhat causeCardiogenic shock occurs whenever the heart is unable to pump as much blood as the body ne
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symp
Answer thisWhat to expIn the past, the death rate from cardiogenic shock ranged from 80 - 90%. In more recent studi
Answer thisWhat are tIt can present with the following symptoms:Shortness of breath Dizziness Swelling (edema) Ab
Answer thisWhat causeCardiomegaly can occur in various disease conditions like congenital heart defects, heart valve
Answer thisWho is at hCardiomegaly as mentioned above is a physical sign so the patient is at risk if present with the
Answer thisWhen to seOne should seek medical care when suffering from symptoms of cardiomegaly or a positive fa
Answer thisWhat are tIn early stages of the disease, some patient might be asymptomatic. During the course of the
Answer thisWhat causHeart attacks, high blood pressure, nutritional deficiencies, pregnancy, alcohol / cocaine abus
Answer thisWho is at hPeople of all ages and races can have cardiomyopathy. However, certain types of the disease a
Answer thisWhen to seOne should seek medical care when suffering from symptoms of cardiomyopathy or a positive
Answer thisWhat to exSome people live long, healthy lives with cardiomyopathy. Some people don't even realize the
Answer thisWhat are tYou may not have any symptoms or you may have symptoms of a stroke or a transient ischem
Answer thisWhat causeCarotid artery disease occurs when sticky, fatty substances called plaque build up in the inner
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for blockage or narrowing of the arteries include:High blood pressure Diabetes He
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) as soon as symp
Answer thisWhat to expStroke is a leading cause of death in the United States. Some people who have a stroke recove
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms typically start with ventricular tachycardia (VT) during physical activity or emoti
Answer thisWhat causeCPVT is caused by a gene defect (abnormal gene). Genes are part of your DNA, the material pa
Answer thisWho is at hChildren and young adults Having a relative with CPVT Family history of fainting (syncope) or s
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a rap
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is generally poor. But CPVT can be managed with medication compliance, ICD, regu
Answer thisWhat are tA person may have an aneurysm without having any symptoms. This kind of aneurysm may be
Answer thisWhat causeAneurysms in the brain occur when there is a weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel. An
Answer thisWho is at hAbout 5% of the population has some type of aneurysm in the brain, but only a small number
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a sud
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome varies. Patients who are in deep comas after an aneurysm rupture generally do n
Answer thisWhat are tChagas disease has two phases -- acute and chronic. The acute phase may have no symptoms
Answer thisWhat causeChagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite related to the African trypanosome
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for Chagas disease include:Living in a hut where reduvid bugs live in the walls Livin
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you may be infected with Chagas dis
Answer thisWhat to expAbout 30% of infected people who are not treated will develop chronic or symptomatic Chaga
Answer thisWhat causeMany people with chest pain fear a heart attack. However, there are many possible causes of
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if:You have sudden crushing, squeezing, tightening, or pressure in your chest. Pain rad
Answer thisWhat are tIt's important to know the symptoms of angina and to seek medical help if you think you are e
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Answer thisWhat causeAngina is a symptom of underlying coronary artery disease that is characterized by a fatty mat
Answer thisWho is at hCertain risk factors make it more likely that you will develop coronary artery disease (CAD) an
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek medical care if you are experiencing:New, unexplained chest pain, upper bod
Answer thisWhat to expStable angina usually improves with lifestyle modifications and proper medication. {{#ev:yout
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of claudication may include:Pain while engaging in rigorous activity. Pain may occu
Answer thisWhat causeClaudication is typically caused by peripheral artery disease, a disease in which a person’s arte
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with the following characteristics are at higher risk for developing both claudication an
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have pain in your limbs when you exercise, see your doctor. Claudication and periphera
Answer thisWhat to expWith proper treatment, many people are able to stay active without experiencing pain. Howe
Answer thisWho is at hYoung athletes who are involved in sports such as baseball, soccer, ice hockey, polo, rugby, cr
Answer thisWhen to se9-1-1 should be contacted immediately when the athlete is found to be unresponsive, apneic,
Answer thisWhat to exCommotio cordis has a poor prognosis with only about a quarter of these victims surviving aft
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms depend on the type of heart block you have. First-degree heart block rare
Answer thisWhat causeIn pregnant women, antibodies can cross the placenta. (The placenta is the organ that attache
Answer thisWho is at hOne form of congenital heart block occurs in babies whose mothers have autoimmune disease
Answer thisWhen to seThe symptoms may suggest other health problems as well. If the symptoms mentioned above
Answer thisWhat to expPatients presenting as fetuses or at birth have significantly higher morbidity and mortality rate
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the specific condition. While congenital heart disease is present at birth
Answer thisWhat causeCongenital heart disease is often divided into two types: cyanotic (blue discoloration caused b
Answer thisWho is at hIndividuals at an increased risk for congenital heart disease include:People with a family histo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you suspect that your child has a heart problem.
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a patient does depends on the specific defect.
Answer thisWhat are tEarly cases of heart failure do not have any symptoms.As the disease develops, people may no
Answer thisWhat causeHeart failure is a long-term (chronic) condition, but it can sometimes develop suddenly.The co
Answer thisWho is at hCertain factors increase your risk of getting heart disease, then increase your risk of getting he
Answer thisWhen to sePatients with early heart failure can compensate. With the disease developing, the heart func
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of people with heart failure can vary dramatically. The following factors may he
Answer thisWhat are thSymptoms of constrictive pericarditis include:Dyspnea - difficulty breathing that slowly develo
Answer thisWhat causesConstrictive pericarditis can occur after any major pericardial disease that cause inflammation
Answer thisWho is at hPatients who have had heart surgery or any pericardial disease are at risk. This condition is mo
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of constrictive pericarditis.
Answer thisWhat to expIf left untreated, constrictive pericarditis may become life threatening. Surgery is reserved for
Answer thisWhat are tChest discomfort, usually in the front of the chest. Exercise intolerance. Shortness of breath. S
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, the left side of the heart produces a higher blood pressure in order to pump blood t
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you experience shortness of breath or chest pain.
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on the cause of the condition. Giving oxygen often improves symptoms
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms depend upon the size of the opening in the septum and the manifestatio
Answer thisWho is at hLike many congenital heart disease, the cause of cor triatriatum is not clear. Clinical studies su
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of cor triatriatum develop. If you experience either
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of cor triatriatum depends on whether the surgery has been done. The outcom
Answer thisWhen could You should not drive for 48 hours after the procedure.
Answer thisWhat medicaAspirin every day - usually for the rest of your life. Ask your doctor about the dose you should
Answer thisShould I t You may take acetaminophen (Tylenol) every six hours as needed for pain in the area where t
Answer thisWhen mayYou I may resume your regular activities one week after the procedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, o
Answer thisWhen could Usually after one week, when the puncture site is healed. This usually takes about a week. You
Answer thisWhen can IIt depends on the type of your work. You can ask your doctor when you can go back to work.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:There is bleeding at the catheter insertion site that does not stop when you
Answer thisWho needsCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is used to treat people who have severe coronary hea
Answer thisWhat to exTests may be done to prepare you for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). For example, yo
Answer thisWhat to exCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) requires a team of experts. A cardiothoracic surgeon d
Answer thisWhat are thAlthough complications from coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are uncommon, the risks
Answer thisWhat to expAfter surgery, you'll typically spend 1 or 2 days in an Intensive care unit (ICU). Your heart rate,
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may be very noticeable, but sometimes you can have the disease and not have any
Answer thisWhat causeCoronary heart disease is usually caused by a condition called atherosclerosis, which occurs w
Answer thisWho is at rMany things increase your risk for heart disease:Men in their 40s have a higher risk of CHD tha
Answer thisHow to knoMany tests help diagnose CHD. Usually, your doctor will order more than one test before mak
Answer thisWhat ProceAlthough many indications are the same for performing either PCI or CABG, these two proced
Answer thisHow a coroBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the ha
Answer thisHow to prepYou should not eat or drink anything except water for 9 - 12 hours before having your blood d
Answer thisHow will a When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others fee
Answer thisWhy is a coA coronary risk profile may be done:To screen adults and children for high blood cholesterol a
Answer thisWhat are nThe ideal values are different for people without coronary artery disease or other risk factors
Answer thisWhat do abAbnormal values may be a sign that you are at increased risk for atherosclerosis and related d
Answer thisWhat are thVeins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to th
Answer thisWhen could You should not drive for 48 hours after the procedure.
Answer thisWhat medicaAspirin every day - usually for the rest of your life. Ask your doctor about the dose you should
Answer thisShould I t You may take acetaminophen (Tylenol) every six hours as needed for pain in the area where t
Answer thisWhen mayYou I may resume your regular activities one week after the procedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, o
Answer thisWhen could Usually after one week, when the puncture site is healed. This usually takes about a week. You
Answer thisWhen can IIt depends on the type of your work. You can ask your doctor when you can go back to work.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:There is bleeding at the catheter insertion site that does not stop when you
Answer thisWhat are tCoronary vasospasm may be silent (without symptoms) or it may result in chest pain or angina
Answer thisWhat causeThe spasm often occurs in coronary arteries that have not become hardened due to plaque bu
Answer thisWho is at hCoronary vasospasm affects approximately 4 out of 100,000 people. About 2% of patients with
Answer thisWhen to seImmediately call- 911 or go to the hospital emergency room if you have a history of angina an
Answer thisWhat are tChanges in skin color (redness) in one leg Increased warmth in one leg Leg pain in one leg Leg
Answer thisWhat causeDeep venous thrombosis (DVT) mainly affects the large veins in the lower leg and thigh. The c
Answer thisWho is at hDVTs are most common in adults over age 60, but can occur at any age.Sitting for long periods
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of DVT.Go to the emergency room or call
Answer thisWhat to exMany DVTs disappear without a problem, but they can return. Some people may have long-te
Answer thisWhat are tDengue fever begins with a sudden high fever, often as high as 104–105 degrees Fahrenheit. A
Answer thisWhat causeDengue fever is caused by one of four different but related viruses. It is spread by the bite of m
Answer thisWho is at hLiving or traveling to a region of the world where the infection is endemic is a risk factor for th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have traveled in an area where dengue fever is known to
Answer thisWhat to expThe condition generally lasts a week or more. Although uncomfortable, dengue fever in most
Answer thisWhat are tThere are no symptoms of dextrocardia if the heart is normal.Conditions that may include dex
Answer thisWhat causeDuring the early weeks of pregnancy, the baby's heart develops. Sometimes, for reasons that
Answer thisWho is at hLike most congenital heart defects, it is unclear exactly why certain babies are born with dexto
Answer thisWhat to expBabies with simple dextrocardia have a normal life expectancy and should have no problems r
Answer thisWhat are tDifficulty swallowing or pain with swallowing Pain in the chest or upper abdomenIt can be har
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of diffuse esophageal spasm is unknown. Very hot or very cold foods may trigger an
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of diffuse esoph
Answer thisWhat to exA diffuse esophageal spasm may come and go (intermittent) or last for a long time (chronic). M
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of heart failure are most common. Usually, they develop slowly over time. Howeve
Answer thisWhat causeHeart disease (which is caused by a narrowing of the arteries) and poorly controlled high bloo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of cardiomyopathy.If chest pain, palpitati
Answer thisWhat to exHeart failure is most often a chronic illness, which may get worse over time. Some people dev
Answer thisWhat are tBleeding, possibly from multiple sites in the body Blood clots Bruising Drop in blood pressure
Answer thisWhat are tNormally when you are injured, certain proteins in the blood become activated and travel to t
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for DIC include:Blood transfusion reaction Cancer, especially certain types of leuke
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call 911 if you have bleeding that won't stop.
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on what is causing the disorder, but DIC can be life-threatening.
Answer thisWhat are tAnxiety Chest pain May come and go (recur) Pain may be sharp and stabbing (pleuritic) or tigh
Answer thisWhat causeTwo types of pericarditis can occur after a heart attack. The first type of pericarditis most ofte
Answer thisWho is at You have a higher risk of pericarditis if you have had a previous heart attack, open heart surge
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of pericarditis after a heart attack You
Answer thisWhat to exThe condition may come back, even in people who receive treatment. In some cases, untreate
Answer thisWhat causShortness of breath has many different causes:A blockage of the air passages in your nose, mo
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Ebstein's anomaly develop after birth and include bluish-colored lips and nails d
Answer thisWhat are th The exact cause of Ebstein's anomaly is unknown, however the use of certain drugs (such as li
Answer thisWho is at hSince the exact cause of Ebstein's anomaly is unknown, it is difficult to distinguish who is at ris
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child develops symptoms of this condition. Seek immedi
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) Bluish lips, fingers, toes, and skin (cyanosis) Chest pain C
Answer thisWhat causeEisenmenger syndrome is caused by a defect in the heart. Most often, babies with this conditi
Answer thisWho is at Like most congenital heart defects, it is unclear exactly why certain babies are born with Eisen
Answer thisWhat to exHow well the infant or child does depends on whether another medical condition is present, a
Answer thisHow do I bA short ECG recording of normal heart rhythm (sinus rhythm) An example of a normal ECG. Cl
Answer thisWhere do yon the top left are the patient's information, name, sex and date of birth at the right of that ar
Answer thisWhat doesThe ECG is a registration of the heart's electric activity.Just like skeletal muscles, the heart is e
Answer thisWhen could You should not drive after the procedure without asking your doctor when you could do that.
Answer thisWhat medica Ask your doctor whether you should go back to taking the medications you were on before th
Answer thisShould I t You may take acetaminophen (Tylenol) every six hours as needed for pain in the area where t
Answer thisWhen mayYou I may resume your regular activities one week after the procedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, o
Answer thisWhen can IIt depends on the type of your work. You can ask your doctor when you can go back to work.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:Your wound looks infected (redness, increased drainage, swelling, painful).
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of endocarditis may develop slowly (subacute) or suddenly (acute). Fever is the cla
Answer thisWhat are th Endocarditis is usually a result of a blood infection. Bacteria or other infectious substance can
Answer thisWho is at hThe following increase your chances for developing endocarditis:Artificial heart valves Congen
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you note the following symptoms during or after treatment:W
Answer thisWhat to exp Early treatment of bacterial endocarditis generally has a good outcome. Heart valves may be d
Answer thisWhat are tThe annual cost of therapy with Dabigatran are estimated to be $2,884 per patient.The cost o
Answer thisHow manyGivenp the 0.5% mortality reduction (which was of borderline statistical significance for the 150
Answer thisHow muchThat wo one year of therapy in 200 patients would cost an additional 200 X $1,123 or $224,600.
Answer thisHow long do The average age of patients in RE-LYwas 71.4 years. The average years of life a female can exp
Answer thisWhat is theTherefore, $224,600 in societal costs divided by those 6.75 years the person whose life was sa
Answer thisWhat if youIf complications of pharmacotherapy are included in the cost effectiveness analysis, the cost e
Answer thisWhat doesThere
i was a reduction in all cause stroke from 1.57% / year for Warfarin to 1.01% / year for da
Answer thisWhat are th These estimates are driven by “point estimates” A 0.5% improvement in mortality is small, an
Answer thisHow do thes Last year, in TIME magazine, Sir Michael Rawlins, chairman of the National Institute for Health
Answer thisWhat causeThere are many possible causes of fatigue, including:Anemia (including iron deficiency anemia
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if:You are confused or dizzy You have blurred vision You have little
Answer thisWhat are tSome patients experience no symptoms of the disease while others may haveHigh blood pres
Answer thisWhat causeWhile the cause of fibromuscular dysplasia is unknown, it's believed that several factors may p
Answer thisWho is at hThese factors increases the risk for the patientsSex. Women have a much greater risk than me
Answer thisWhen to seIf you are young female and develop any of the above mentioned symptoms then you should
Answer thisWhat to exp After the diagnosis have been made, a repeat Doppler ultrasound exam or a CT angiogram is d
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of gonorrhea usually appear 2 - 5 days after infection, however, in men, symptoms
Answer thisWhat causGonorrhea is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Anyone who has any type of sex c
Answer thisWho is at hYou are more likely to develop this infection if you:Have multiple sexual partners Have a partn
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have symptoms suggestive of gonorrhea, you should call your health care provider imm
Answer thisWhat to exA gonorrhea infection that has not spread to the bloodstream or other areas almost always ca
Answer thisWhich coron Click on the ECG for magnification. Click on answer for the results of the coronary angiography
Answer thisIs the Dise Yes. HPS can be fatal. It has a mortality rate of 38%.
Answer thisAre there Previous observations of patients that develop HPS from New World Hantaviruses recover com
Answer thisWhat are tIt's important to know the symptoms of a heart attack and call 9-1-1 if someone is having them
Answer thisWhat causeHeart attacks occur most often as a result of a condition called coronary artery disease (CAD).
Answer thisWho is at hCertain risk factors make it more likely that you will develop coronary artery disease (CAD) an
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek medical care if you are experiencing chest discomfort or chest pain, upper bo
Answer thisWhat to expEach year, about 1.1 million people in the United States have heart attacks, and almost half of
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the type of heart block you have.First-degree heart block rarely causes
Answer thisWhat causeHeart block has many causes. Some people are born with the disorder (congenital), while othe
Answer thisWho is at hThe risk factors for congenital and acquired heart block are different.If a pregnant patient has
Answer thisWhen to seIf you are experiencing the above-mentioned symptoms for the first time or are severe, call 9–
Answer thisWhat to expFirst-degree heart block may not cause any symptoms or require treatment. If you have secon
Answer thisWhat are tharmless heart murmur you likely won't have any symptoms and your doctor may discover it
Answer thisWhat causeIf it is innocent murmur that means a normal heart. it is common in newborns and children. A
Answer thisWho is at hFamily history of a heart defect. Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension). Infection of
Answer thisWhen to seMost heart murmurs aren't serious, but if you think you or your child has a heart murmur, ma
Answer thisWhat to exInnocent heart murmurs, the prognosis is excellent. For people with other types of heart murm
Answer thisWhy the PrA heart transplant may be done to treat:Severe angina that can no longer be treated with med
Answer thisWhat are tReactions to medications Problems breathingBleeding InfectionBlood clots (deep venous thro
Answer thisWhat is th You should expect to stay in the hospital for 7 to 21 days after a heart transplant. The first 24
Answer thisWhat are A red to reddish-purple, raised sore (lesion) on the skin A massive, raised tumor with blood ve
Answer thisWhat causAbout 30% of hemangiomas are present at birth. The rest appear in the first several months o
Answer thisWhen to seAll birthmarks, including hemangiomas, should be evaluated by the health care provider durin
Answer thisWhat to exSmall, superficial hemangiomas often disappear on their own. About 50% go away by age 5, a
Answer thisWhere is HHFRS is found throughout the world. Haantan virus is widely distributed in eastern Asia, partic
Answer thisHow do huHantaviruses are carried and transmitted by rodents. People can become infected with these
Answer thisWhich rodeRodents are the natural reservoir for hantaviruses. Known carriers include the striped field mo
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of HFRS usually develop within 1 to 2 weeks after exposure to infectious material, b
Answer thisHow is HFRSeveral laboratory tests are used to confirm a diagnosis of HFRS in patients with a clinical histo
Answer thisHow is HFRSupportive therapy is the mainstay of care for patients with hantavirus infections. Care includ
Answer thisIs HFRS eveDepending upon which virus is causing the HFRS, death occurs in less than 1% to as many as 1
Answer thisHow is HFRRodent control is the primary strategy for preventing hantavirus infections. Rodent population
Answer thisWhat are Anxiety Chest pain Low blood pressure Pale, cool and clammy skin Rapid heart rate Rapid, sha
Answer thisWhat causThe most common cause of hemothorax is chest trauma. It can also occur in patients who hav
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if you have:Any serious injury to the chest. Chest pain or shortness of breathGo to the
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on the cause of the hemothorax and how quickly treatment is given.
Answer thisWhat are tJuvenile form (early-onset, severe form):Aggressive behavior Hyperactivity Mental function ge
Answer thisWhat causHunter syndrome is an inherited condition. Boys are most often affected.The condition is caus
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You or your child has a group of these symptoms You know yo
Answer thisWhat to exPeople with the early-onset (severe) form usually live for 10 - 20 years. People with the late-o
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Hurler syndrome most often appear between ages 3 and 8. Infants with severe H
Answer thisWhat causePersons with Hurler syndrome do not make a substance called lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have a family history of Hurler syndrome and are conside
Answer thisWhat to exHurler syndrome is a disease with a poor outlook. Children with this disease develop nervous
Answer thisWhat causeA lipid disorder increases your risk for atherosclerosis, and thus for coronary heart disease, str
Answer thisWhat are tMost of the time, there are no symptoms. For most patients, high blood pressure is found wh
Answer thisWhat causeHypertension is generally sub divided into 2 types:Essential hypertension is the most prevalen
Answer thisWho is at hEssential hypertension which is the more common form has several risk factors.Of most impo
Answer thisWhen to seThere is no specific rule of thumb.But, one should have have blood pressure every 2 years by
Answer thisWhat to expHypertension cannot be completely cured.It can be well controlled under the normal limits if
Answer thisWhat are tMost of the patients with hypertensive nephropathy have no specific symptoms, although a m
Answer thisWhat causeHypertensive nephropathy develops as a result of high blood pressure for many years. High bl
Answer thisWho is at hCertain conditions increase your risk for hypertensive nephropathy, including:high blood pres
Answer thisWhen to seYou must make an appointment with the doctor if you have any symptoms and signs listed ab
Answer thisWhat to exWithout dialysis or a kidney transplant, death will occur from the buildup of fluids and waste p
Answer thisWhat are tSome patients have no symptoms. They may not even realize they have the condition until it i
Answer thisWhat causeHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is often asymmetrical, meaning one part of the heart is thicker
Answer thisWho is at hHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a major cause of death in young athletes who seem complete
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You have any symptoms of hypertro
Answer thisWhat to exSome people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may not have symptoms and live a normal lif
Answer thisWhat are tA small drop in potassium usually doesn't cause symptoms. However, a big drop in the level ca
Answer thisWhat causPotassium is needed for cells, especially nerve and muscle cells, to function properly. You get
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have been vomiting or have had excessive diarrhea, or if y
Answer thisWhat to exTaking potassium supplements can usually correct the problem. In severe cases, without prop
Answer thisWhat are tAt first, a newborn with hypoplastic left heart may appear normal. Symptoms usually occur in
Answer thisWhat causeHypoplastic left heart is a rare type of congenital heart disease. It is more common in males th
Answer thisWho is at hHypoplastic left heart is more common in males than in females. Approximately 10% of patien
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider immediately if your infant:Eats less (decreased feeding) Has
Answer thisWhat to expIf left untreated, hypoplastic left heart syndrome is fatal. Survival rates for the staged repair co
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include:Blurry vision Confusion Dizziness Fainting Light-headedness Sleepiness
Answer thisWhat causeBlood pressure that is borderline low for one person may be normal for another. Most norma
Answer thisWhen to seWhen you have symptoms from a drop in blood pressure, you should immediately sit or lie do
Answer thisWhat to exLow blood pressure can usually be treated with success.
Answer thisWhen could You should not drive after the procedure without asking your doctor when you could do that.
Answer thisWhat medicaAsk your doctor whether you should go back to taking the medications you were on before th
Answer thisShould I t You may take acetaminophen (Tylenol) every six hours as needed for pain in the area where t
Answer thisWhat precaMost devices will not interfere with your defibrillator, but some with strong magnetic fields m
Answer thisWhen mayDo I not use your arm on the side where your pacemaker is inserted to lift, push or pull anythin
Answer thisWhen can IIt depends on the type of your work. You can ask your doctor when you can go back to work.
Answer thisWhen to seeYou should tell your doctor about every shock you feel from your ICD. The settings of your ICD
Answer thisWhat are tThe signs and symptoms of interrupted aortic arch depend on the site of the arch interruption
Answer thisWho is at hLike many congenital heart disease, the cause of interrupted aortic arch is not clear. Clinical su
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your baby has interrupted aortic arch and symptoms do not im
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of interrupted aortic arch depends on the effect of surgery. In most cases, the p
Answer thisHow to EvaFollowing coronary stent implantation, the following set of steps is one way to systematically
Answer thisWhat are tA person may have an aneurysm without having any symptoms. This kind of aneurysm may be
Answer thisWhat causeAneurysms in the brain occur when there is a weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel. An
Answer thisWho is at hFamily history of cerebral aneurysms Polycystic kidney disease Coarctation of the aorta High b
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a sud
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies. Patients who are in deep comas after an aneurysm rupture generally do n
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain Blood in the stool (may be bright red or maroon). Diarrhea Fever Vomiting
Answer thisWhat causesIschemic colitis mainly affects people over 50. Many of them have a history of peripheral vasc
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:Atrial fibrillation Blockage of the large bowel Chronic obstructive pulmona
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of ischemic colitis.
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases of ischemic colitis are mild and will improve on their own. They do not need surgic
Answer thisWhat are tKawasaki disease often begins with a high and persistent fever greater than 102 °F, often as h
Answer thisWhat causeKawasaki disease is a poorly understood illness. The cause has not been determined. It may be
Answer thisWho is at hKawasaki disease occurs most frequently in Japan, where the disease was first discovered. In t
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Kawasaki disease develop. A persistent high feve
Answer thisWhat to expWith early recognition and treatment, full recovery can be expected. However, about 1% of p
Answer thisWhat are tHyperlipidemia itself usually does not produce any symptoms and is often discovered during r
Answer thisWhat causeA lipid disorder increases your risk for atherosclerosis, and thus for heart disease, stroke, high
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have high lipid levels or other risk factors for heart diseases, like smoking, diabetes or h
Answer thisWhat to expHyperlipidemia can lead to hardening of the arteries, also called atherosclerosis. This occurs w
Answer thisWhat are tIt's important to know the symptoms of Lyme disease and to seek medical help if you think ha
Answer thisWho is at hIndividuals who spend time outdoors and/or have pets that go outdoors in endemic regions a
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek medical care if:You are bitten by a tick. You have a rash similar to erythema m
Answer thisWhere to fMedical care for Lyme disease can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to expFor early cases, prompt treatment is usually curative. However, the severity and treatment of
Answer thisWhat are tBlurred vision Change in mental status Anxiety Confusion Decreased alertness, decreased abil
Answer thisWhat causeThe disorder affects about 1% of people with high blood pressure, including both children and
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if you have sym
Answer thisWhat to exMany body systems are at serious risk from the extreme rise in blood pressure. Many organs,
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain Chills Coughing up blood Fever Malaise Shortness of breath
Answer thisWhat causeMediastinitis may occur suddenly (acute) or may develop slowly and get worse over time (chr
Answer thisWho is at rRisk factors include:Problems in the upper gastrointestinal tractRecent chest surgery or endos
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you have had open chest surgery and develop:Chest pain
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a person does depends on the cause of the mediastinitis.Mediastinitis after open ch
Answer thisWhat are tExtra weight around your waist (central or abdominal obesity).
Answer thisWhat causeMetabolic syndrome is becoming more and more common in the United States. Researchers a
Answer thisWho is at hPatients who are obese and have family history are at increased risks.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have signs or symptoms of this condition.
Answer thisWhat to exPeople with metabolic syndrome have an increased long-term risk for developing cardiovascu
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms for acute mitral regurgitation include chest pain unrelated to coronary artery disea
Answer thisWhat causeRegurgitation means leaking from a valve that doesn't close all the way. It is caused by disease
Answer thisWho is at hPersons who already have cardiac disease, sustained trauma to the chest area, have congenita
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation, or if sympto
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a patient does depends on the cause and severity of the valve leakage. Milder forms
Answer thisWhat are tAmong adults there may be no symptoms at all. Symptoms may appear or get worse with exe
Answer thisWhat causeClinical data has suggested that the development of mitral stenosis is related to several factor
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of mitral stenosis. Call your health care p
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies widely. The disorder may be mild, without symptoms, or may be more se
Answer thisWhat are tMany patients with mitral valve prolapse do not have symptoms.The group of symptoms foun
Answer thisWhat causeThe mitral valve helps blood on the left side of the heart flow in one direction. It closes to kee
Answer thisHow is MitrBefore your surgery you will receive general anesthesia. This will make you unconscious and u
Answer thisWho needsYou may need surgery if your mitral valve does not work properly because:You have mitral reg
Answer thisWhere to fiDirections to Hospitals Performing Mitral valve surgery - minimally invasive
Answer thisWhat are thRisks for any surgery are:Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs. Blood loss. Breath
Answer thisWhat to expAlways tell your doctor or nurse:If you are or could be pregnant What drugs you are taking, ev
Answer thisWhat to expExpect to spend 3 - 5 days in the hospital after surgery. You will wake up in the intensive care
Answer thisHow is MitBefore your surgery, you will receive general anesthesia. This will make you asleep and pain-fr
Answer thisWho needsYou may need surgery if your mitral valve does not work properly.A mitral valve that does not
Answer thisWhere to fiDirections to Hospitals Performing Mitral valve surgery - open
Answer thisWhat are thRisks for any surgery are:Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs. Blood loss. Breath
Answer thisWhat to exAlways tell your doctor or nurse:If you are or could be pregnant. What drugs you are taking, su
Answer thisWhat to expExpect to spend 4 to 7 days in the hospital after surgery. You will wake up in the intensive care
Answer thisWhat are tThere may be no symptoms. Symptoms may be similar to the flu. If symptoms occur, they may
Answer thisWhat causeMyocarditis is an uncommon disorder that is usually caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infecti
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of myocarditis, especially after a recent in
Answer thisWhat to expHow well you do depends on the cause of the problem and your overall health. The outlook va
Answer thisWhat are Symptoms of Noonan syndrome may include:Physical Appearance: Abnormally shaped or low
Answer thisWhat are tNoonan syndrome is caused by the genetic inheritance of several abnormal genes from one o
Answer thisWho is at Individuals at highest risk are those who have parents or family members with Noonan syndro
Answer thisWhen to seContact your doctor if you feel your infant has symptoms of Noonan syndrome.
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis for individuals with Noonan syndrome is typically good. However, it will vary fro
Answer thisWhat causeTaking in more calories than you burn can lead to obesity because the body stores unused cal
Answer thisWhat causeDehydration due to vomiting, diarrhea, or fever, with a lack of adequate fluid intake. Total uri
Answer thisWho is at hPatient having any of the conditions mentioned in the causes are at risk of oliguria.
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you have:A noticeable and consistent decrease in urine ou
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis depends on the cause of oliguria.
Answer thisWhat causesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Cor pulmonale Heart failure Obesity (does not
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have any unexplained difficulty in breathing while lying down, call for an appointment w
Answer thisWhen could You should not drive after the procedure without asking your doctor when you could do that.
Answer thisWhat medicaAsk your doctor whether you should go back to taking the medications you were on before th
Answer thisShould I t You may take acetaminophen (Tylenol) every six hours as needed for pain in the area where t
Answer thisWhat precaMost machines and devices will not interfere with your pacemaker. But some with strong mag
Answer thisWhen mayDo I not use your arm on the side where your pacemaker is inserted to lift, push or pull anythin
Answer thisWhen can IIt depends on the type of your work. You can ask your doctor when you can go back to work.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:Your wound looks infected (redness, increased drainage, swelling, painful).
Answer thisWhat are tNormally the heart beats 60 - 100 times per minute. In people who exercise routinely or take
Answer thisWhat causeHeart palpitations can be caused by:Anemia Anxiety, stress, fear Caffeine Certain medications
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if:You lose and regain consciousness. Someone with you loses consciousness. You hav
Answer thisWhat are tInfants with patent ductus arteriosus may have symptoms such as:Bounding pulse Fast breath
Answer thisWho is at hLike many congenital heart disease, the cause of patent ductus arteriosus is not clear. Clinical
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your baby has patent ductus arteriosus and symptoms do not
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of patent ductus arteriosus varies widely. It depends on:The size of patent ductus ar
Answer thisWhat are tInfants with a patent foramen ovale and no other heart defects usually do not have symptoms
Answer thisWhat causeWhile a fetus grows in the uterus, its lungs are not functional. The foramen ovale allows blood
Answer thisWho is at hThere are no known risk factors.
Answer thisWhen to seMostly patent foramen ovale stays asymptomatic. In case of development of weakness of any
Answer thisWhat to expThe infant will have normal health in the absence of other heart defects.
Answer thisWhat causFoot, leg, and ankle swelling is common with the following situations:Being overweight Blood
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if:You feel short of breath. You have chest pain, especially if it feels like pressure or ti
Answer thisWho needsPercutaneous coronary intervention is used to restore blood flow to the heart when the coron
Answer thisHow is PerBefore the percutaneous coronary intervention procedure begins, you will be given some pain
Answer thisWhy is theArteries can become narrowed or blocked by deposits called plaque. Plaque is made up of fat
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Percutaneous coronary intervention
Answer thisWhat are tPercutaneous coronary intervention is a common medical procedure. Serious complications d
Answer thisWhat to exCardiologists do coronary angioplasties at hospitals. Cardiologists are doctors who specialize i
Answer thisWhat to exAfter percutaneous coronary intervention, you'll be moved to a special care unit. You'll stay th
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain is almost always present, which is caused by the inflamed pericardium rubbing aga
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of pericarditis is often unknown or unproven, but is often the result of an infection
Answer thisWho is at hPericarditis most often affects men aged 20 - 50. It usually follows respiratory infections.
Answer thisWhen to sePericarditis can be potentially life threatening and one should seek medical care when sufferin
Answer thisWhat to expPericarditis can range from mild cases that get better on their own to life-threatening cases. T
Answer thisWhen could You should not drive for 48 hours after the procedure.
Answer thisWhat medicaAspirin every day. Ask your doctor about the dose you should take. Plavix (clopidogrel) may be
Answer thisShould I t You may take acetaminophen (Tylenol) every six hours as needed for pain in the area where t
Answer thisWhen mayYou I may resume your regular activities one week after the procedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, o
Answer thisWhen could Usually after one week, when the puncture site is healed. This usually takes about a week. You
Answer thisWhen can IIt depends on the type of your work. you can ask your doctor when you can go back to work.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor or nurse if:There is swelling at the catheter site. There is bleeding at the cathe
Answer thisWhat are tThe classic symptoms are pain, achiness, fatigue, burning, or discomfort in the muscles of you
Answer thisWhat causesPeripheral artery disease is caused by arteriosclerosis, or "hardening of the arteries." This pro
Answer thisWho is at hPeople are at higher risk if they have a history of:Abnormal cholesterol Diabetes Heart disease
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you have:A leg or foot that becomes cool to the touch, pale, b
Answer thisWhat to expYou can usually control peripheral artery disease of the legs without surgery. Surgery provides
Answer thisWhat are tThe signs and symptoms depends on where the left superior vena cava flows to. If it finally flo
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause of persistent left superior vena cava is not clear. Some patients with persistent left
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if your baby has symptoms of persistent left superior vena cava
Answer thisHow to knoEchocardiography: This kind of painless test can help the doctor closely examine persistent left
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of persistent left superior vena cava depends upon where the left superior vena
Answer thisWhat are tBluish skin (cyanosis) Delayed growth or growth failure Fatigue Lethargy Poor feeding Rapid b
Answer thisWhat causesIn normal circulation, the pulmonary artery comes out of the right ventricle and the aorta com
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your infant or child:Appears lethargic Appears overly tired or
Answer thisWhat to expComplete repair usually provides good results. Another procedure may be needed as the patie
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain, usually a sharp pain that is worse with cough or deep breaths. Cough Fever Hiccup
Answer thisWhat causeYour body produces pleural fluid in small amounts to lubricate the surfaces of the pleura, the
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of pleural effusion. Call your provider or g
Answer thisWhat to expThe expected outcome depends upon the underlying disease.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome can include:Increase in heart rate fro
Answer thisWhat are tThe cause of Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome remains unknown. However, most pe
Answer thisWho is at hWomen ages 15-20 years old.
Answer thisWhen to seCall or make an appointment with you doctor if you are experiencing symptoms of POTS
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis is good for about 80% of patients. Usually within a few years symptoms will beg
Answer thisWhat are tOften, women who are diagnosed with preeclampsia do not feel sick.Symptoms of preeclamp
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of preeclampsia is not known.Possible causes include:Autoimmune disorders
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:First pregnancy Multiple pregnancy (twins or more) Obesity Older than ag
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of preeclampsia during your pregnancy.
Answer thisWhat to expUsually the high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and other effects of preeclampsia go aw
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the organs affected by the deposits. These organs can include the tongu
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of primary amyloidosis is unknown. The condition is related to abnormal and exces
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors have not been identified. Primary amyloidosis is rare. It is similar to multiple myel
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of primary amyloidosis. You know you ha
Answer thisWhat to expHow severe the disease is depends on the organs that are affected. When the heart and kidne
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually occur in the first few hours of life. Symptoms may include:Cyanosis Shortne
Answer thisWhat causeAs with most congenital heart diseases, there is no known cause of pulmonary atresia. The co
Answer thisWho is at hLike other congenital heart diseases, the cause of pulmonary atresia is not clear. Pulmonary at
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your baby has symptoms of pulmonary atresia. If one emerge
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases can be helped with surgery. However, prognosis depends on how well a baby does
Answer thisWhat are Anxiety Cough Difficulty breathing Excessive sweating Feeling of "air hunger" or " drowning " (
Answer thisWhat causPulmonary edema is usually caused by heart failure.As the heart fails, pressure in the veins go
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call 911 if you have breathing problems.
Answer thisWhat to exSome patients may need to use a breathing machine for a long time, which may lead to dama
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms vary from person to person. However, the common symptoms are:Chest
Answer thisWhat causeA pulmonary embolism is most often caused by a blood clot in a vein in the leg or in the pelvis
Answer thisWho is at Certain conditions carry a significantly increased risk of pulmonary embolism. These condition
Answer thisWhen to sePulmonary embolism can be potentially life threatening and one should seek medical care wh
Answer thisWhat to exIt is hard to predict the outlook of a person recovering from a pulmonary embolism. It will dep
Answer thisWhat are tShortness of breath or light-headedness during activity is often the first symptom.Fast heart r
Answer thisWhat causeThe right side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs, where it can receive oxygen. When
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You begin to develop shortness of breath when you are active
Answer thisWhat to exThe long-term outlook has been poor, but new therapies may produce better results. Some pe
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal distention Bluish coloration to the skin (cyanosis) in some patients Chest pain Fain
Answer thisWhat causeNarrowing in the pulmonary valve is usually present at birth (congenital). It is caused by a pro
Answer thisWho is at hAs with any congenital heart disease, patients with a family history of pulmonary valve stenos
Answer thisHow to knoNarrowing in the pulmonary valve is usually present at birth (congenital). It is caused by a pro
Answer thisWhat to expAbout one-third of patients with mild stenosis get better, one-third stay the same, and one-th
Answer thisWhat are tMild cases usually do not cause any symptoms. Because pulmonic regurgitation is the result o
Answer thisWhat causePulmonary hypertension is the most common cause of excessive pulmonic regurgitation. Othe
Answer thisWhen to seContact a medical professional when symptoms of breathlessness, fast heart beats, swelling in
Answer thisWhat are thAbsence of palpable pulses is the main finding. Depending upon the cause, the following migh
Answer thisWhat causesCommon causes of PEA include preceding respiratory failure in 40% to 50% of cases, and hypo
Answer thisWho is at hiAge i.e elderly Black race Female gender Heart failure patients Pulmonary disease Syncope
Answer thisWhat to expThe overall prognosis is poor for pulseless electrical activity unless any reversible causes exists
Answer thisWhat are tBleeding from the nose, mouth, gums, and rectum Bloody stool Bruising Confusion Dehydratio
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes include:Accidental exposure to high doses of radiation such as a nuclear power pla
Answer thisWhat are tFever Joint problems, which mainly affect in the knees, elbows, ankles, and wrists, appear join
Answer thisWho is at hRheumatic fever is common worldwide and is responsible for many cases of damaged heart va
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of rheumatic fever. Because several o
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of rheumatic fever depends on:Complications, especially whether heart valves are d
Answer thisWhat are tYou may have no symptoms at all until late in the course of the disease. The diagnosis may ha
Answer thisWhat causeIn the United States, pulmonic stenosis often results from calcium deposits on the pulmonic v
Answer thisWho is at hpulmonic stenosis occurs more often in men than in women. The calcifications that cause mos
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you or your child have symptoms of pulmonic stenosis. For ex
Answer thisWhat to expPeople with mild pulmonic stenosis may do very well using a watchful waiting approach with t
Answer thisWhat are tSecond-degree heart block:The electrical impulse may not reach the lower chambers of the he
Answer thisWhat causeHeart block may be caused by:Side effects of medicines. Heart block can be a side effect of dig
Answer thisWho is at hCommon risk factors associated with second degree AV block include the following: Intrinsic a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your provider if you feel:Dizzy Weak Faint Racing heart beat Skipped heart beat Chest pai
Answer thisWhat to exWith regular monitoring and treatment, you should be able to keep up with most of your usua
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the organs affected by the deposits. Since the kidney is the most comm
Answer thisWhat causeAny condition causing chronic inflammation in the body may cause secondary amyloidosis as w
Answer thisWho is at hPatients with diseases causing chronic infections and persistent inflammation within the body
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of kidney dysfunction, including periorbit
Answer thisWhat to exSince kidney is the most commonly involved organ, it may lead to kidney failure and other com
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of shock include:Confusion or lack of alertness Loss of consciousness Sudden and o
Answer thisWhat causeThere are several kinds of shock. Hypovolemic shock happens when you lose a lot of blood or
Answer thisWhen to seShock is a life-threatening medical emergency and it is important to get help right away.
Answer thisWhat are tA person who has OSA is often not aware of the apnea episodes during the night. Usually, oth
Answer thisWhat causeOSA is caused by the relaxation of the muscles of the back of the throat, which then impede a
Answer thisWho is at hGender: Sleep apnea affects adult men more often than women. According to the American A
Answer thisWhat to expWith the right treatment and follow-up care, the symptoms of sleep apnea should be totally c
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of stroke depends on the location and the area the brain damage. Small strokes ma
Answer thisWhat causeStroke is the emergence condition of brain. There are two types of stroke: ischemic stroke and
Answer thisWho is at hHypertension Heart disease, such as coronary artery disease and rheumatic heart disease Diab
Answer thisWhen to seA stroke is a medical emergency. Anyone suspected of having a stroke should be taken to a m
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of stroke depends on:The location and the area of the brain damage: If a large a
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms occur when something blocks the blood flowing back to the heart. They may begin
Answer thisWhat causeSuperior vena cava (SVC) obstruction is a relatively rare condition.Most often it is caused by a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of SVC obstruction. Complications are
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome varies depending on the cause and the amount of blockage. SVCS caused by a tu
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually start and stop suddenly, and can last for a few minutes or several hours. Th
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, the chambers of the heart (atria and ventricles) contract in a coordinated manner.T
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You often have a sensation of feeling the heart beat quickly an
Answer thisWhat to expPSVT is generally not life threatening. If other heart disorders are present, it can lead to conge
Answer thisWhat are tSyncope itself is a symptom. Patients with syncope may feel:Temporary loss of consciousness
Answer thisWhat causCardiac causesArrhythmia, such as ventricular tachycardia, sick sinus syndrome, long Q-T synd
Answer thisWhen to seSyncope is a sign of temporary loss of consciousness and many patients may recover after sev
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of syncope depends on:Underlying causes: Syncope caused by cardiovascular diseas
Answer thisWhat are tTetralogy of Fallot symptoms vary, depending on the extent of obstruction of blood flow out o
Answer thisWhat are thTetralogy of Fallot is classified as a cyanotic heart defect because the condition causes low oxy
Answer thisWho is at hWhile the exact cause of Tetralogy of Fallot is unknown, several factors may increase the risk o
Answer thisHow to knoIf you or you're baby have any of the symptoms listed above. Contact your doctor if you are un
Answer thisWhat are tClubbing of fingers (skin or bone enlargement around the fingernails) Cyanosis, which become
Answer thisWhat causesTetralogy of Fallot is classified as a cyanotic heart defect because the condition causes low oxy
Answer thisWho is at hThere is a high incidence of chromosomal disorders in children with Tetralogy of Fallot, such a
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if new unexplained symptoms develop or the patient is having a
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases can be corrected with surgery. Babies who have surgery usually do well. Ninety pe
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with ventricular septal defects may not have symptoms. However, if the hole is large
Answer thisWhat causesThe cause of most congenital heart defects is unknown. Many factors seem to be involved.Fac
Answer thisPossible C Delayed growth and development Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) Seizures during perio
Answer thisWhen to CoMost often, this condition is diagnosed during routine examination of an infant. Call your infan
Answer thisA quick guiConditions for which there is evidence and/or general agreement that a given procedure or tr
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the type of heart block you have.First-degree heart block rarely causes
Answer thisWhat causeHeart block has many causes. Some people are born with the disorder (congenital), while othe
Answer thisWho is at hElderly, particularly those with ischemic heart disease, and patients with certain disorders suc
Answer thisWhen to seAny syncope, loss of consciousnesses in a patient with known risk factors of heart disease call
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of patients with complete heart block is generally poor without therapy. Patien
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with third-degree AV block typically experience severe bradycardia (an abnormally low
Answer thisWhat causeThird-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a medical condition in which the nerve impul
Answer thisWhat are tAneurysms develop slowly over many years. Most patients have no symptoms until the aneur
Answer thisWhat causeThe most common cause of a thoracic aortic aneurysm is hardening of the arteries (atheroscle
Answer thisWhen to seTell your doctor if you have:A family history of connective tissue disorders Chest pain or back
Answer thisWhat to expThe long-term prognosis for patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm is determined by other me
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome may include:Pain, numbness, and tingling in the last th
Answer thisWhat causeThoracic outlet syndrome is a rare condition.Blood vessels and nerves coming from the spine
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with long necks and droopy shoulders may be more likely to develop this condition be
Answer thisWhat to expHaving the fibrous band removed may eliminate symptoms if patients are selected carefully. S
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary widely. Sometimes no symptoms may be present in infancy or early childhood
Answer thisWho is at The cause of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is not clear. Some patients have o
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider as soon as possible if your baby has symptoms of total anomalo
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous depends on whether the surgery has been do
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms begin suddenly, last only a short time (from a few minutes to 1 - 2 hours), then disa
Answer thisWhat causeA transient ischemic attack (TIA) is caused by temporary disturbance of blood supply to an are
Answer thisWho is at hRisks for TIA include:High blood pressure Heart disease Migraine headaches Smoking Diabetes
Answer thisWhen to seA TIA is a medical emergency. Call 911 or another local emergency number immediately. Do n
Answer thisWhat to expTIAs do not cause lasting damage to the brain.However, they are a warning sign that you may
Answer thisWhat are tBlueness of the skin Clubbing of the fingers or toes Poor feeding Shortness of breath
Answer thisWhat causesThe cause of most congenital heart defects is unknown.Transposition of the great vessels is a
Answer thisWho is at hFactors in the mother that may increase the risk of this condition include:Age over 40 Alcohol
Answer thisWhen to seeMost often, this condition is diagnosed during routine examination. This condition can also be
Answer thisWhat to expThe child's symptoms will improve after surgery to correct the defect. Most infants who unde
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with ventricular septal defects may not have symptoms. However, if the hole is large
Answer thisWhat causeTricuspid atresia is an uncommon form of congenital heart disease that affects about 5 in ever
Answer thisWho is at hAs with all congenital heart diseases, families with a history of tricuspid atresia run a higher ris
Answer thisWhen to seIf your infant has new changes in breathing patterns, eats less (decreased feeding), or has skin
Answer thisWhat to expImprovement can be expected with most surgical procedures. Unexpected death may occur w
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of tricuspid prolapse include:Weakness Fatigue Irregular heart beats (atrial fibr
Answer thisWhat causeThe tricuspid valve separates the right lower heart chamber (the right ventricle) from the righ
Answer thisHow to knoThe doctor will perform a physical exam and use a stethoscope to listen to your heart and lun
Answer thisWhat are tTricuspid regurgitation may not cause any symptoms if the patient does not have pulmonary h
Answer thisWhat causesThe tricuspid valve separates the right lower heart chamber (the right ventricle) from the righ
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of tricuspid regurgitation are present.
Answer thisWhat to expTreatment of any underlying conditions, especially high blood pressure in the lungs and swelli
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Fatigue Swelling over different parts of the body Abdominal discomfort du
Answer thisWhat causeIt is commonly caused by rheumatic fever and can be accompanied by mitral stenosis. Other c
Answer thisWho is at hRheumatic fever is one the risks factor.
Answer thisWhen to sePatient who have symptoms like fatigue, swelling over body, breathlessness, racing of heart e
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Sudden chest pain that may also be felt in the shoulder, arm, jaw, neck, ba
Answer thisWhat causeCoronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis is by far the most common cause of unstable a
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for coronary artery disease include:Diabetes Family history of coronary heart dise
Answer thisWhen to seSeek medical attention if you have new, unexplained chest pain or pressure. If you have had a
Answer thisWhat to expHow well you do depends on many different things, including:The severity of coronary artery
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the patient and the type and severity of valve disease. Some patients ha
Answer thisWhat causeBefore doctors started giving their patients antibiotics, rheumatic fever was the single biggest
Answer thisWhat are tSome children with vascular ring never develop symptoms. However, other cases may show b
Answer thisWhat causeVascular ring is rare. It accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart problems. The conditio
Answer thisWho is at hAlthough the cause of vascular ring is not clear, studies have demonstrated that it is associate
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your baby has symptoms of vascular ring. Getting diagnosed a
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of vascular ring depends on:The pressure of the vascular ring putting on the esopha
Answer thisWhat are thA person who has a VF episode can suddenly collapse or become unconscious, because the br
Answer thisWhat causesFibrillation is an uncontrolled twitching or quivering of muscle fibers (fibrils). When it occurs in
Answer thisWho is at hiConditions that can lead to VF include:Electrocution accidents or injury to the heart Heart atta
Answer thisWhen to seeVentricular fibrillation is a medical emergency and must be treated immediately to save a per
Answer thisWhat to expVF will lead to death within a few minutes unless it is treated quickly and effectively. Even the
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with ventricular septal defects may not have symptoms. However, if the hole is large
Answer thisWhat causeBefore a baby is born, the right and left ventricles of its heart are not separate. As the fetus gr
Answer thisWho is at hLike most congenital heart defects, it is unclear exactly why certain babies are born with atrial
Answer thisWhen to seMost often, this condition is diagnosed during routine examination of an infant. Call your infan
Answer thisWhat to expMany small defects will close on their own. For those defects that do not spontaneously close
Answer thisWhat are tIf the heart rate during a ventricular tachycardia episode is very fast or lasts longer than a few
Answer thisWhat causeVentricular tachycardia is a pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute, with at least three
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a rap
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on the heart condition and symptoms.
Answer thisWhat are tDifficulty keeping your balance Difficulty swallowing Difficulty walking Double vision or vision
Answer thisWhat causeThe vertebrobasilar system is also called the back (posterior) circulation of the brain. Three m
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 or your local emergency number, or get to the emergency room if you have any symp
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook depends in part on the underlying cause. Strokes are potentially life-threatening,
Answer thisWho should Do not take Vytorin:If you are allergic to ezetimibe or simvastatin, the active ingredients in Vy
Answer thisWhat shouldTell your doctor right away if you experience unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakne
Answer thisHow shouldYour doctor has prescribed your dose of Vytorin. The available doses of Vytorin are 10/10, 10/
Answer thisWhat shoulContact your doctor immediately.
Answer thisWhat are thSee your doctor regularly to check your cholesterol level and to check for side effects. Your do
Answer thisWhat shoulCholesterol is a type of fat found in your blood. Cholesterol comes from two sources. It is prod
Answer thisWhat are tIf the heart rate during a ventricular tachycardia episode is very fast or lasts longer than a few
Answer thisWhat are tVentricular tachycardia is a pulse rate of more than 100 beats per minute, with at least three
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on the heart condition and symptoms.
Answer thisWhat are tHow often the rapid heart rate occurs depends on the patient. Some people with Wolff-Parkin
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, electrical signals in the heart go through a pathway that helps the heart beat regula
Answer thisWho is at Mutations in the PRKAG2 gene cause Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Most cases of Wolff-P
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White develop, or if you have t
Answer thisWhat to exCatheter ablation cures this disorder in most patients. The success rate for the procedure rang
Answer thisWhy this mDoxazosin (Cardura, Cardura XL) is used in men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate
Answer thisHow this mDoxazosin comes as a tablet and an extended-release tablet to take by mouth. The doxazosin
Answer thisWhat to doTake the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next do
Answer thisWhy this mPravastatin is used together with lifestyle changes (diet, weight-loss, exercise) to reduce the a
Answer thisHow this mPravastatin comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without
Answer thisWhat to doTake the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next do
Answer thisWhat is th People with atrial fibrillation (an irregular heart beat) are at an increased risk of forming a blo
Answer thisWhat is ri Rivaroxaban is a prescription medicine used to:Reduce the risk of stroke and blood clots in pe
Answer thisWho should Do not take rivaroxaban if you:Currently have certain types of abnormal bleeding. Talk to you
Answer thisWhat shouldBefore you take rivaroxaban, tell your doctor if you:Have ever had bleeding problems Have liv
Answer thisHow shouldTake rivaroxaban exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not change your dose or stop taking
Answer thisHow shouldStore rivaroxaban at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20° to 25° C).Keep rivaroxaban
Answer thisHow shouldValsartan comes as a tablet to take by mouth. For the treatment of high blood pressure, it is u
Answer thisWhy is thi Warfarin is used to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger in your blood and bloo
Answer thisHow shouldWarfarin comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without foo
Answer thisWhat speciaBefore taking warfarin,tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to warfarin, any othe
Answer thisWhat speciaEat a normal, healthy diet. Some foods and beverages, particularly those that contain vitamin
Answer thisWhat shouldTake the missed dose as soon as you remember it, if it is the same day that you were to take t
Answer thisWhat side We arfarin may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do no
Answer thisWhat shoulKeep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out * of reach of children.
Answer thisWhat otherCarry an identification card or wear a bracelet stating that you take warfarin. Ask your pharma
Answer thisWhat are tAcanthosis nigricans usually appears slowly and doesn't cause any symptoms other than skin c
Answer thisWhat causeObesity can lead to acanthosis nigricans, as can some endocrine disorders. It is often found in
Answer thisWho is at hAcanthosis nigricans can affect otherwise healthy people, or it can be related to medical prob
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop areas of thick, dark, velvety skin.
Answer thisWhat to expAcanthosis nigricans often fades if the cause can be found and treated.
Answer thisWhat are tAcne commonly appears on the face and shoulders, but it may also occur on the trunk, arms,
Answer thisWhat causAcne occurs when tiny holes on the surface of the skin, called pores, become clogged.Each po
Answer thisWho is at hAcne is most common in teenagers, but it can happen at any age, even in an infant. Three out
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor or a dermatologist if:Self-care measures and over-the-counter medicine have
Answer thisWhat to expAcne usually goes away after the teenage years, but it may last into middle age. The condition
Answer thisWhat are tSometimes, the hair, sebum, and skin cells clump together into a plug. The bacteria in the plug
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of acne is unknown. Doctors think certain factors might cause it: The hormone incre
Answer thisWho is at hAcne is the most common skin disease. People of all races and ages get acne. But it is most co
Answer thisWhat are sSome things can make acne worse:Changing hormone levels in teenage girls and adult women
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor or a dermatologist if:Self-care measures and over-the-counter medicine have
Answer thisWhat to expAcne usually goes away after the teenage years, but it may last into middle age. The condition
Answer thisWhat are tRash or patch on skin Brownish-red or copper-colored patch that is firm and flat on top String
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of acrodermatitis is poorly understood, but its link with other infections is well- doc
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has signs of this condition.
Answer thisWhat to expAcrodermatitis usually disappears on its own without treatment or complication. However, th
Answer thisWhat are tActinic keratosis is usually found on the face, scalp, back of the hands, chest, or other sun-exp
Answer thisWhat causeActinic keratosis is caused by sun exposure, but it takes many years or decades to develop.
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for actinic keratosis include:Having fair skin, blue or green eyes, or blond or red ha
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if areas of persistent roughness or scal
Answer thisWhat to expActinic keratosis itself is harmless (benign), but about 5% develop into skin cancer.Removal of
Answer thisWhat are tDraining sores in the skin, especially on the chest wall from lung infection with Actinomyces F
Answer thisWhat causeActinomycosis is usually caused by an anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces israelii, which is
Answer thisWho is at hActinomycosis is usually caused by an anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces israelii, which is
Answer thisWhen to seContact a doctor once you have the symptoms suggestive of Actinomycosis
Answer thisWhat to exWith treatment, you should recover fully.
Answer thisWhat are tDraining sores in the skin, especially on the chest wall from lung infection with Actinomyces F
Answer thisWhat causeActinomycosis is usually caused by an anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces israelii, which is
Answer thisWho is at hActinomycosis is usually caused by an anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces israelii, which is
Answer thisWhen to seContact a doctor once you have the symptoms suggestive of Actinomycosis
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, you should recover fully.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of albinism include both dermal and eye features:White or hypo-pigmented hair W
Answer thisWhat causeAlbinism is caused by mutation of genes that lead to defect in melanin synthesis. This mutatio
Answer thisWho is at hIndividuals with familial history of albinism are at risk of albinism
Answer thisWhen to seIf you notice skin changes, they might be possible developing skin cancer If you notice a chang
Answer thisWhat to expPatient with albinism has normal life expectancy
Answer thisWhat are tHair loss usually develops gradually and may be patchy or all over (diffuse). You lose roughly 1
Answer thisWhat causeA sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throug
Answer thisWho is at hSome women ages 30 - 60 may notice a thinning of the hair that affects the entire scalp. The h
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:You are losing hair in an unusual pattern You are losing hair rapidly or at an
Answer thisWhat to expA careful medical history and examination of the hair and scalp are usually enough to diagnos
Answer thisWhat are tSkin angioma: Skin angioma can be diagnosed by your dermatologist. Most hemangiomas are
Answer thisWho is at hData suggests that risk factor statistics for angiomas include:There is a 1 in 200 chance of havi
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of an angioma develop. If you experience either of
Answer thisWhat to exSkin angioma: Small, superficial hemangiomas often disappear on their own. About 50% go aw
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the type of infection.Symptoms of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillo
Answer thisWhat causeAspergillosis is caused by a fungus (Aspergillus), which is commonly found growing on dead le
Answer thisWho is at hPersons with a compromised immune system are at highest risk for developing a fungal infecti
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of aspergillosis or if you have a weake
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, people with allergic aspergillosis usually get better over time. It is common fo
Answer thisWhat are tDecreased coordination of movements (ataxia) in late childhoodAtaxic gait (cerebellar ataxia)
Answer thisWhat causeAtaxia-telangiectasia is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. It is an auto
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child develops symptoms of this disorder.
Answer thisWhat to expEarly death is common, but life expectancy varies.Because persons with this condition are ver
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common symptom is cracked, flaking, peeling skin between the toes or side of the f
Answer thisWhat causeAthlete's foot occurs when a certain fungus grows on your skin in your feet. In addition to the
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if:Your foot is swollen and warm to the touch, especially if there ar
Answer thisWhat to expAthlete's foot infections range from mild to severe and may last a short or long time. They ma
Answer thisWhat are tSkin changes may include:Blisters with oozing and crusting Dry skin all over the body or areas
Answer thisWhat causeAtopic dermatitis is due to a skin reaction (similar to an allergy) in the skin. The reaction leads
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Atopic dermatitis does not get better with home care Sympto
Answer thisWhat to expAtopic dermatitis is a long-term condition. You can control it with treatment, by avoiding irrita
Answer thisWhat are tA change on the skin is the most common sign of skin cancer. This may be a new growth, a sor
Answer thisWho is at hDoctors cannot explain why one person develops skin cancer and another does not, but we do
Answer thisWhen to seIf the biopsy shows that you have cancer, your doctor needs to know the extent (stage) of the
Answer thisWhat to expSkin cancer has a better prognosis, or outcome, than most other types of cancer.Follow-up ca
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of a Bedsore depend on how severe it is. Bedsores are classified in the followin
Answer thisWho is at hPeople at the highest risk for developing a Bedsore include:Individuals who are bedridden Ind
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if an area of the skin blisters or forms an open sore. Contac
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms of Behçet's disease vary from person to person, depending on the blood
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of Behçet's disease is unknown. Most symptoms of the disease are caused by
Answer thisWho is at The underlying cause of Behçet’s disease is not clear. It is suggested that the following factors
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Behçet's disease develop. If one emerges the fol
Answer thisWhat to exBehçet's disease usually runs a protracted course and the mortality is low. Prognosis depends
Answer thisWhat are tEach type of birthmark has its own appearance:Cafe-au-lait spots are light tan, the color of co
Answer thisWho is at hCafe-au-lait spots may occur in people with the genetic disorder, neurofibromatosis. Nearly ev
Answer thisWhen to seHave any birthmarks examined by a health care provider. Report any changes in the birthmark
Answer thisWhat to exLarge moles that are present at birth (congenital nevi) are more likely to become skin cancer (
Answer thisWhat are tSkin markings that look like blood vessels Skin rash or lesion that is redThe different types of b
Answer thisWhat causeThere are two main categories of birthmarks.Red birthmarks are made up of blood vessels clo
Answer thisWhen to seHave all birthmarks examined by a health care provider to determine the treatment, possible
Answer thisWhat to expBirthmarks rarely cause problems, other than cosmetic changes. Many birthmarks go away on
Answer thisWhat are tLung infection may not cause any symptoms. Symptoms may be seen if the infection spreads.
Answer thisWhat causeYou can get blastomyocosis by breathing in this fungus. It is found in moist soil, most common
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of blastomycosis.
Answer thisWhat to expPatients with minor skin sores (lesions) and relatively mild lung infections usually recover com
Answer thisWhat are tA boil may begin as a tender, pinkish-red, swollen, firm area in the skin. Over time, it will feel
Answer thisWhat causeBoils are very common. They are generally caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, but
Answer thisWhat to expSome people have repeated abscesses and are unable to prevent them.Boils can be very painf
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if boils:Appear on the face or spine Do
Answer thisWhat are tBecause there have been few cases identified thus far, scientists are still learning about possib
Answer thisWhat causeBourbon virus infection is caused by a type of thogotovirus, which belongs to Orthomyxovirida
Answer thisWho is at hPeople likely become infected with Bourbon virus when they are bitten by a tick or other inse
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of Bourbon virus infection
Answer thisWhat to expFrom 2014-2017 only 5 cases have been reported with Bourbon virus infection and all resulted
Answer thisWhat are tSome people may have no symptoms, others may have mild redness and irration.In severe ca
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is not known, but may be related to immune system disorders, certain other diseas
Answer thisWho is at hBullous pemphigoid usually occurs in elderly persons and is rare in young people. Symptoms c
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor for an appointment if you have:Unexplained blisters on your skin An itchy ras
Answer thisWhat to exBullous pemphigoid usually responds well to treatment. Most patients may stop taking medic
Answer thisWhat are tBlisters Pain (the degree of pain is not related to the severity of the burn -- the most serious b
Answer thisWhat causeBurns can be caused by dry heat (like fire), wet heat (such as steam or hot liquids), radiation, f
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if:The burn is extensive (the size of your palm or larger). The burn is severe (third deg
Answer thisWhat causeMost women will have a vaginal yeast infection at some time. Candida albicans is a common t
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal vaginal discharge Ranges from a slightly watery, white discharge to a thick, white, c
Answer thisWho is at hAntibiotics used to treat other types of infections change the normal balance between organis
Answer thisWhen to seThis is the first time that you have had symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection You are unsure o
Answer thisWhat to expThe symptoms usually disappear completely with adequate treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tA carbuncle is a swollen lump or mass under the skin. It may be the size of a pea or as large as
Answer thisWhat causeMost carbuncles are caused by the bacteria staphylococcus aureus. The infection is contagiou
Answer thisWho is at hBecause the condition is contagious, several family members may develop carbuncles at the s
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:A carbuncles does not heal with home treatment within 2 we
Answer thisWhat to expCarbunculus may heal on their own. Others usually respond well to treatment. However, a car
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of cellulitis include:Fever Pain or tenderness in the affected area Skin redness or in
Answer thisWhat causesStaphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria are the most common causes of cellulitis. Normal
Answer thisWho is at hiRisk factors for cellulitis include:Cracks or peeling skin between the toes History of peripheral
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of cellulitis You are being treated for cellu
Answer thisWhat to expCellulitis usually goes away with 7 - 10 days of antibiotics. Longer treatment may be needed if
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptoms are:Severe itching Red pimple-like bumps or hivesItching usually occurs s
Answer thisWhat causeChiggers are found in certain outdoor areas, such as berry patches, tall grass and weeds, and w
Answer thisWho is at hChiggers bite humans around the waist, ankles, or in warm skin folds. Bites commonly occur in
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if the rash itches very badly, or if symp
Answer thisWhat to expThis condition heals itself without treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptom onset often occurs when individuals with cold urticaria are exposed to cold water or
Answer thisWhat causesThough it is not clear what causes cold urticaria, it appears that some people have hypersensi
Answer thisWho is at hCold urticaria does not discriminate against who experiences it, regardless of age or gender. H
Answer thisWhen to seSeek immediate assistance if you experience the following severe reactions after sudden expo
Answer thisWhat are tHerpes may only appear as a skin infection. Small, fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) may appear. Th
Answer thisWhat causeNewborn infants can become infected with herpes virus:In the uterus (intrauterine herpes - th
Answer thisWhen to seIf your baby has any symptoms of birth-acquired herpes, including skin lesions alone, have the
Answer thisWhat to expInfants with systemic herpes or encephalitis often do poorly, despite antiviral medications and
Answer thisWhat are tItching (pruritus) of the skin in exposed areas Skin redness or inflammation in the exposed are
Answer thisWhat causeContact dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin caused by direct contact with an irritating or
Answer thisWho is at hContact dermatitis may involve a reaction to a substance that you are exposed to, or use repe
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms indicate contact dermatitis and it is severe or there
Answer thisWhat to expContact dermatitis usually clears up without complications within 2 or 3 weeks, but may retur
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary depending on the cause and whether the dermatitis is due to an allergic reacti
Answer thisWhat causeIrritant dermatitis is the most common type. It's caused by contact with acids, alkaline materia
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of contact dermatitisIt is severeThere is n
Answer thisWhat to expContact dermatitis usually clears up without complications in 2 or 3 weeks. However, it may re
Answer thisWhat are tSkin is thick and hardened. Skin may be flaky and dry. Hardened, thick skin areas are found on
Answer thisWhat causeCorns and calluses are caused by pressure or friction on skin. A corn is thickened skin on the to
Answer thisWhen to seVery closely check your feet if you have diabetes or numbness in the feet or toes. If you have
Answer thisWhat to expCorns and calluses are rarely serious. If treated properly, they should improve without causing
Answer thisWhat are tSeborrheic dermatitis can occur on many different body areas. Usuallky it forms where the ski
Answer thisWhat causeSeborrheic dermatitis is thought to be due to a combination of an over production of skin oil a
Answer thisWho is at hSeborrheic dermatitis appears to run in families. Stress, fatigue, weather extremes, oily skin, i
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if seborrheic dermatitis symptoms do n
Answer thisWhat to expSeborrheic dermatitis is a chronic (life-long) condition that can be controlled with treatment. I
Answer thisWhat are tBlurred vision or double vision (diplopia) Bone pain or tenderness of the breastbone (sternum
Answer thisWhat causeCryptococcus neoformans, the fungus that causes this disease, is ordinarily found in soil. It en
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who have weakened immune system are at highest risk for developing the disease.
Answer thisWhat to expCentral nervous system involvement often causes death or leads to permanent damage.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of cryptococcosis, especially if you hav
Answer thisWhat are tThe only symptom is a growth on the skin. The growth (tag) is usually small, although some m
Answer thisWhat causeCutaneous tags are very common skin growths. They usually occur after midlife and are usuall
Answer thisWho is at hCutaneous skin tags are more common in people who are overweight or who have diabetes.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have cutaneous tags and you want them removed, or if th
Answer thisWhat to expCutaneous tags are generally benign and usually not bothersome. They may become irritated
Answer thisWhat are tMost often, the worms stay in muscles and do not cause symptoms.Symptoms that do occur d
Answer thisWhat are thCysticercosis is caused by swallowing eggs from T. solium, which are found in contaminated fo
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have any symptoms of cysticercosis, contact your health care provider.
Answer thisWhat are tDermatofibromas are most often found on the arms and legs of women. They are small brown
Answer thisWhat CausThe causes of dermatofibroma has not been identified.
Answer thisWho is at hDermatofibromas may occur at any age but are seen more commonly in adults, particularly fe
Answer thisWhen to seDermatofibromas are noncancerous lesions, but seek medical evaluation if a lesion begins to i
Answer thisWhere to fMedical care for (Dermatofibroma) can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is generally excellent.
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common signs and symptoms of dermatomyositis include:Difficulty swallowing Mus
Answer thisWhat causeIts an autoimmune disease who's actual cause is unknown.
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause of dermatomyositis is unknown. Its more commonly found in women in extremes o
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of dermatomyositis develop.
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of dermatomyositis varies from person to person. Some children with dermatomyo
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of ringworm include:Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze. The
Answer thisWhat causeRingworm is common, especially among children. However, it may affect people of all ages. It
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if you have any signs of a bacterial infection, which can result from
Answer thisWhat to exSkin medicine usually treats ringworm within 4 weeks. If your ringworm infection is severe or
Answer thisWhat are tThe incubation period is 2–5 days (range: 1–10 days). Affected anatomic sites include the muc
Answer thisWhat causHumans are the only known reservoir of C. diphtheriae. Person-to-person transmission occurs
Answer thisWho is at hChildren are at the highest risk of getting the disease.
Answer thisWhen to seIf you think you are having symptoms of diptheria you should contact your doctor.
Answer thisWhat to expThe disease can be prevented by the widespread administration of vaccines. However, the pro
Answer thisWhat causeDry skin is common. It happens more often in the winter when cold air outside and heated air
Answer thisWho is at hBathing too frequently, especially with harsh soaps, may contribute to dry skin. Eczema may c
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:You feel itchy without a visible rash Dryness and itching are preventing you
Answer thisWhat to expYour doctor will perform a physical examination with careful attention to all parts of your skin
Answer thisWhat are tUsually, the first sign of dysplastic nevus is a change in the size, shape, color or feel of a mole.
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of melanoma is related to several factors.Su
Answer thisWhen to seCall your dermatologist if symptoms of dysplastic nevus develops.
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of melanoma depends on the following:The location and size Whether there wa
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom of ecthyma is a small blister with a red border that may be filled with pus.
Answer thisWhat causEcthyma is most often caused by the bacteria streptococcus. Sometimes, staphylococcus bact
Answer thisWho is at hThe infection may start in skin that has been injured due to a scratch or insect bite. It often de
Answer thisWhen to seMake an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of ecthyma.
Answer thisWhat to exUnlike impetigo, ecthyma can sometimes result in scarring.
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with ectodermal dysplasia may not sweat or may have decreased sweating because of
Answer thisWhat causeThere are many different types of ectodermal dysplasia.
Answer thisWho is at hMany gene defects can cause ectodermal dysplasias. The most common form of ectodermal d
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if your child shows symptoms of this d
Answer thisWhat to expHaving ectodermal dysplasia will not shorten your lifespan, but you must pay constant attenti
Answer thisWhat is Ec Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is manifested as a skin swelling, flakiness, dryness of the
Answer thisWhat are tEczema can present as: severe itchiness Skin color changes Flakiness of the skin Small bumps I
Answer thisWhat are tThe time between the tick bite and when symptoms occur is about 7 - 9 days. This is called the
Answer thisWhat causeEhrlichiosis is caused by bacteria that belong to the family called Rickettsiae. Rickettsial bacter
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for ehrlichiosis include:Living near an area with a lot of ticks Owning a pet that ma
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you become sick after a recent tick bite or if you've been in ar
Answer thisWhat to expEhrlichiosis is rarely deadly. With antibiotics, patients usually improve within 24 - 48 hours. Re
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the type of epidermolysis bullosa, but can include:Alopecia (hair loss) B
Answer thisWhat causeThere are four main types of epidermolysis bullosa:Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa Epiderm
Answer thisWho is at hAll types of epidermolysis bullosa are usually inherited. Having a family history of the disease,
Answer thisWhen to seIf your infant has any blistering shortly after birth, call your health care provider. If you have a
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook depends on the severity of the illness. Mild forms of epidermolysis bullosa impro
Answer thisWhat are tIrregular (or nodular) lesions below the skin surface are the major symptom of epithelioid sarc
Answer thisWhat causeMutations in the SMARCB1 gene cause epithelioid sarcoma.
Answer thisWho is at hThe most potent risk factor in the development of epithelioid sarcoma is the presence of fami
Answer thisWhen to seA person should seek urgent medical care when there are any complications that arise from e
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of epithelioid sarcoma is good for females.
Answer thisWhat are tBlisters Fever Chills Fatigue Headaches Vomiting Painful, red, swollen, and warm skin underne
Answer thisWhat causeErysipelas is usually caused by group A streptococcus bacterial infection, but can also be cause
Answer thisWho is at hIndividuals displaying the following traits are at highest risk for developing Erysipelas:Overwei
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek urgent medical care if you experience any of the symptoms indicative of Erys
Answer thisWhat to expWithout treatment, the prognosis of Erysipelas varies based on the development of complicati
Answer thisWhat are tFever General ill feeling Itching of the skin Joint aches Multiple skin lesions: Start quickly and m
Answer thisWhat causeErythema multiforme is a type of hypsersensitivity reaction that occurs in response to medica
Answer thisWho is at hErythema multiforme occurs primarily in children and young adults.
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symp
Answer thisWhat to exMild forms of erythema multiforme usually get better in 2 - 6 weeks, but they may return. Mo
Answer thisWhat are Erythema nodosum is most common on the shins, but it may also occur on other areas of the
Answer thisWhat causIn about half of cases, the exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown. Some cases may be
Answer thisWho is at The condition is more common in women than it is in men.
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of erythema
Answer thisWhat to exErythema nodosum is uncomfortable, but it is usually not dangerous. Symptoms typically disa
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is a rash of small, yellow-to-white colored papules surrounded by red skin
Answer thisWhat causeIts cause is unknown.The condition may be present in the first few hours of life, generally app
Answer thisWho is at hErythema toxicum may appear in 50 percent or more of all normal newborn infants. It usually
Answer thisWhen to seDiscuss the condition with your health care provider during a routine examination if you are c
Answer thisWhat to exThe rash usually clears within 2 weeks. It is usually completely gone by age 4 months.
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptoms of Erythrasma include the following:Reddish-brown slightly scaly patches
Answer thisWhat causeErythrasma is caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium minutissimum.
Answer thisWho is at hIndividuals with the following characteristics are at highest risk to develop Erythrasma:Being o
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of erythrasma develop; er
Answer thisWhat to expComplete recovery is expected following treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tUsual signs and symptoms are:Eczematoid changes in the area skinTingling, itching, increased
Answer thisWho is at The cause of Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is unknown.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of extramammary Paget's disease develop. If you e
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of extramamary Paget's disease depends on the following:Whether or not the t
Answer thisWhat are tHives Itching (can be severe, and may be all over or just where the rash is located) Rash with s
Answer thisWhat causeFleas prefer to live on dogs and cats, but may also be found on humans and other available an
Answer thisWho is at hPet owners may not be bothered by fleas until their pet is gone for a long period of time, and
Answer thisWhat to expGetting rid of fleas can be difficult and takes persistence.
Answer thisWhat are thCommon symptoms include a rash, itching, and pimples or pustules near a hair follicle in the n
Answer thisWhat causesFolliculitis starts when hair follicles are damaged by friction from clothing, blockage of the foll
Answer thisWho is at hiPseudofolliculitis barbae is a disorder that occurs mainly in black men. If curly beard hairs are
Answer thisWhen to seeApply home treatment and call your health care provider if symptoms come back frequently,
Answer thisWhat to expFolliculitis usually responds well to treatment, but may come back.
Answer thisWhat are tThe first symptoms are a "pins and needles" sensation followed by numbness. There may be a
Answer thisWhat causeFrostbite occurs when the skin and body tissues are exposed to cold temperature for a prolon
Answer thisWho is at hAlthough anyone who is exposed to freezing cold for a prolonged period of time can get frostb
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care professional if:There has been severe frostbite, or if normal feeling a
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms depend on the location and cause of the gangrene. If the skin is involved, or th
Answer thisWhat causGangrene happens when a body part loses its blood supply. This may happen from injury, an i
Answer thisWho is at hYou have a higher risk for gangrene if you have:A serious injury Blood vessel disease (such as a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor immediately if:A wound does not heal or there are frequent sores in an area A
Answer thisWhat to expWhat to expect depends on where the gangrene is in the body, how much gangrene there is,
Answer thisWhat are tMany people with HSV-2 infection never have sores, or they have very mild symptoms that th
Answer thisWhat causeGenital herpes is caused by two viruses:Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) Herpes simplex vi
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have any symptoms of genital he
Answer thisWhat to expOnce you are infected, the virus stays in your body for the rest of your life. Some people neve
Answer thisWhat are tGenital warts can be raised or flat, and are usually flesh-colored. They may appear as cauliflow
Answer thisWhat causeThe virus that causes genital warts is called human papilloma virus (HPV). More than 70 differ
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with history of unprotected sexual intercourse are at increased risks of genital wart.
Answer thisWhen to seA current or past sexual partner has genital warts You have visible warts on your external gen
Answer thisWhat to expMost sexually active young women become infected with HPV. In many cases, HPV goes away
Answer thisWhat are tA nevus will appear as dark-colored patch with any of the following:Brown to bluish-black colo
Answer thisWhat causeBathing trunk nevi are thought to be caused by defects or problems that occur as a baby grow
Answer thisWho is at hGiant congenital nevus occur in infants.
Answer thisWhen to seThis condition is usually diagnosed at birth. Call for an appointment with your health care prov
Answer thisWhat to expSkin cancer (such as malignant melanoma and other types) may develop in up to 15% (1 out o
Answer thisWhat are tEpisodes of pain radiating away from the lesion, often out of proportion relative to the small s
Answer thisWhat CausEvidence regarding the causes of glomus tumor remain insufficient.
Answer thisWho is at hWomen area t higher risk of developing single glomus tumors while multiple glomus tumors a
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is generally excellent for single glomus tumors tumors treated with wide excision.H
Answer thisWhat are tHair loss usually develops gradually and may be patchy or all over (diffuse). You lose roughly 1
Answer thisWhat causeA sudden physical or emotional stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair throug
Answer thisWho is at hSome women ages 30 - 60 may notice a thinning of the hair that affects the entire scalp. The h
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:You are losing hair in an unusual pattern You are losing hair rapidly or at an
Answer thisWhat to expA careful medical history and examination of the hair and scalp are usually enough to diagnos
Answer thisWhat are tFever Headache Loss of appetite Rash with very small blisters on hands, feet, and diaper area;
Answer thisWhat causeHand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is most commonly caused by coxsackievirus A16, a mem
Answer thisWho is at The most important risk factor is age. The infection occurs most often in children under age 10
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if there are signs of complications, such as pain in neck or arms and legs. Eme
Answer thisWhat to exGenerally, complete recovery occurs in 5 to 7 days.
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Bloody stools Joint pain Purple spots on the skin (p
Answer thisWhat causeHenoch-Schonlein is caused by an abnormal response of the immune system. It is unclear why
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of Henoch-S
Answer thisWhat to exThe disease usually gets better on its own without treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tThe incubation period for hepatitis C is 2 weeks to 6 months. When first infected with the hep
Answer thisWhat causeThe hepatitis C virus is present in the blood of an infected person. If infected blood enters ano
Answer thisWho is at hEarly diagnosis can prevent health problems that may result from infection, and prevent trans
Answer thisWhen to seTalk to your doctor about being tested for hepatitis C if any of the following are true:You are a
Answer thisWhat to expChronic hepatitis C is a serious disease that can result in long-term health problems, including
Answer thisWhat are tHepatitis D may make the symptoms of hepatitis B more severe. Symptoms may include:Abdo
Answer thisWhat causeHepatitis D or delta hepatitis is caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a defective RNA viru
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:Chronic Hepatitis B Virus carriers are at risk for infection with HDV Using i
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of hepatitis B.
Answer thisWhat to expPersons with an acute HDV infection usually get better over 2 to 3 weeks.Liver enzyme levels r
Answer thisWhat are tThe incubation period following exposure to the hepatitis E virus ranges from three to eight w
Answer thisWhat to expMortality rates are generally low, for Hepatitis E is a “self-limiting” disease, in that it usually go
Answer thisWhat are tFrequent nosebleeds in children GI bleeding, including loss of blood in the stool or dark black
Answer thisWhat causeHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is an inherited condition. It can affect males or females
Answer thisWho is at hThis is a genetic disorder, so people at risk are those who have a family history of hereditary h
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has frequent nose bleeds or other signs of this dise
Answer thisWhat to expPeople with this syndrome can live a completely normal lifespan, depending on the parts of th
Answer thisWhat are tThe first symptom is usually one-sided pain, tingling, or burning. The pain and burning may be
Answer thisWhat causeAfter you get chickenpox, the virus remains inactive (becomes dormant) in certain nerves in th
Answer thisWho is at hShingles may develop in any age group, but you are more likely to develop the condition if:You
Answer thisWhen to seHerpes zoster usually clears in 2 to 3 weeks and rarely recurs. If the virus affects the nerves th
Answer thisWhat to expHerpes zoster usually clears in 2 to 3 weeks and rarely recurs. If the virus affects the nerves th
Answer thisWhat are tChills Cough that brings up blood, mucus, or pus Fever Shortness of breath Unintentional weig
Answer thisWhat causeHistoplasma capsulatum is a fungus found in the soil of the central and eastern United States
Answer thisWho is at hThis "acute" infection does not last, but can leave a person with small scars (granulomas). The
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of chronic pu
Answer thisWhat to expThe infection usually goes away with antifungal medication, but scarring inside the lung often
Answer thisWhat are tItching Swelling of the surface of the skin into red- or skin-colored welts (called wheals) with c
Answer thisWhat causeWhen you have an allergic reaction to a substance, your body releases histamine and other ch
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 or your local emergency number if you have:Fainting Shortness of breath Tightness in
Answer thisWhat to expHives may be uncomfortable, but they generally are harmless and disappear on their own. In m
Answer thisWhat are tHPV may lead to a broad spectrum of diseases. If you are infected you may have no signs or sy
Answer thisWho is at hAny person who has ever had sexual contact with another person may be infected with HPV. T
Answer thisWhen to seMost people with HPV do not know they are infected and never develop symptoms or health
Answer thisWhat to exOften HPV goes away by itself within two years and does not cause health problems. It is thou
Answer thisWhat are tThe primary symptom of hyperhidrosis is wetness.
Answer thisWhat causeSweating helps the body stay cool. In most cases, it is perfectly natural. People sweat more in
Answer thisWho is at hPrimary hyperhidrosis affects 2 - 3% of the population, yet less than 40% of patients with this
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have:Prolonged, excessive, and unexplained sweating Sw
Answer thisWhat to expAluminum Chloride: Initially a patient may need to use it three to seven times a week. After sw
Answer thisWhat are tDry skin, severe Scaly skin (scales) Possible skin thickening Mild itching of the skinThe dry, sca
Answer thisWhat causesIchthyosis vulgaris is one of the most common of the inherited skin disorders. It may begin in
Answer thisWho is at hIchthyosis vulgaris is a genetic disorder, so anyone with a family history of the disorder is at ris
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:Symptoms continue despite treatme
Answer thisWhat to expIchthyosis vulgaris can be a nuisance, but it rarely affects your overall health. The condition us
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormally heavy menstruation Bleeding into the skin causes a characteristic skin rash that lo
Answer thisWhat causeITP occurs when certain immune system cells produce antibodies against platelets. Platelets h
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if severe bleedin
Answer thisWhat to exWith treatment, the chance of remission (a symptom-free period) is good. Rarely, ITP may bec
Answer thisWhat are tA single or possibly many blisters filled with pus; easy to pop and -- when broken -- leave a red
Answer thisWhat causeImpetigo is caused by streptococcus (strep) or staphylococcus (staph) bacteria. Methicillin-res
Answer thisWho is at hThe skin normally has many types of bacteria on it, but intact skin is an effective barrier that k
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of impetigo
Answer thisWhat to expThe sores of impetigo heal slowly and seldom scar. The cure rate is extremely high, but the co
Answer thisWhat are tInfants with IP are born with streaky, blistering areas. When the areas heal, they turn into rou
Answer thisWhat causeIncontinentia pigmenti (IP) is caused by a genetic defect. In most cases, there is a problem wit
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition is most often seen in females. When it occurs in males, it can be deadly.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have a family history of IP and are considering having chil
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a person does depends on the severity of central nervous system involvement and e
Answer thisWhat are tCrossed eyes (strabismus) Increased body hair (hirsutism) Scoliosis Seizures Streaked, whirled
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is unknown.
Answer thisWho is at hIt is slightly more common in girls than in boys.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child exhibits an unusual pattern of the color of the skin.
Answer thisWhat to expWhat happens depends on the type and severity of symptoms that develop. In most cases, the
Answer thisWhat are tThe nonemergency symptoms vary according to the type of insect and the individual. Most pe
Answer thisWhen to seeCall 911 if the person is having a severe reaction:Trouble breathing, wheezing, shortness of br
Answer thisWhat causeThere are many causes of itching, including:Aging skin Atopic dermatitis Contact dermatitis (p
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor or nurse if you have itching and:Other, unexplained symptoms Is severe Does
Answer thisWhat are tItching in groin, thigh skin folds, or anus Red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze --
Answer thisWhat causeJock itch occurs when a particular type of fungus grows and spreads in the groin area.Jock itch
Answer thisWho is at hJock itch occurs mostly in adult men and adolescent boys. It can sometimes accompany athlet
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if jock itch does not respond to home care after 2 weeks, or you have other sy
Answer thisWhat to expJock itch usually responds promptly to treatment. It is often less severe than other tinea infec
Answer thisWhat are tUsual symptoms include skin and internal organs.Lesions in skin: The lesions can develop anyw
Answer thisWhat causeBefore the AIDS epidemic, Kaposi's sarcoma was seen mainly in elderly Italian and Jewish men
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of Kaposi's sarcoma is related to several fact
Answer thisWhen to seKaposi's sarcoma in internal organs is a tumor that cannot be found early. If symptoms of Kap
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of Kaposi's sarcoma depends on the following:The type of Kaposi sarcoma Whe
Answer thisWhat are tA skin lesion that is:Flesh-colored, red, or pink Located over the site of a wound or injury Lum
Answer thisWhat causeKeloids occur from such skin injuries as:Acne Burns Chickenpox Ear piercing Minor scratches S
Answer thisWho is at hThey are more common in people ages 10 to 20, and in African Americans, Asians, and Hispan
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop keloids and want to have them removed or redu
Answer thisWhat to expKeloids usually are not medically dangerous, but they may affect the appearance. In some cas
Answer thisWhat are tFine, bumpy texture to skin over the outer upper arm and thigh or elsewhere Skin-colored bu
Answer thisWhat causesKeratosis pilaris is harmless (benign), does not get worse over time, and often disappears with
Answer thisWho is at hIt is more common in patients who have very dry skin, or who have atopic dermatitis (eczema
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider (or discuss the condition during a routi
Answer thisWhat to expKeratosis pilaris may fade slowly with age.
Answer thisWhat are tHistiocytosis X often affects the whole body. A disease that affects the whole body is called a s
Answer thisWhat causesHistiocytosis X has typically been thought of as a cancer-like condition. More recently research
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you or your child have symptoms of this disorder. Go to the e
Answer thisWhat to expHistiocytosis X affects many organs and can lead to death.About half of those with pulmonary
Answer thisWhat are tCutaneous leishmaniasis affects the skin and sometimes the mucus membranes. Symptoms m
Answer thisWhat causeLeishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of the sandfly.
Answer thisWho is at hThere are different forms of leishmaniasis.Cutaneous leishmaniasis affects the skin and mucus
Answer thisWhen to seIf you feel that you are developing symptoms of Leishmania as listed above call your health pr
Answer thisWhat to expCure rates are high with the proper medicine. Patients should get treated before damage to th
Answer thisWhat are tThe bacteria responsible for leprosy grow very slowly, sometimes taking 2 to 10 years before
Answer thisWhat causeLeprosy is caused by the organism Mycobacterium leprae. It is not very contagious (difficult to
Answer thisWho is at hChildren are more susceptible than adults to contracting the disease.People who live in count
Answer thisWhen to seAlthough cases of leprosy in the United States are rare, you should contact your health care p
Answer thisWhat to expEarly recognition is important. Early treatment limits damage by the disease, renders the pers
Answer thisWhat are tMouth lesions:Tender or painful (mild cases may have no discomfort) Located on the sides of
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of lichen planus is unknown. However, it is likely to be related to an allergic o
Answer thisWho is at hRisks include:Exposure to medications, dyes, and other chemical substances (including gold, a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Your symptoms continue The skin or mouth lesions change in
Answer thisWhat to expLichen planus is usually not harmful and may get better with treatment. It usually clears up wi
Answer thisWhat are tThis skin disorder leads to a scratch-itch cycle:It may begin with something that rubs, irritates
Answer thisWhat causeThis disorder may occur in people who have:Eczema (atopic dermatitis) Psoriasis Nervousness
Answer thisWho is at hIt is common in children, who cannot stop scratching insect bites and other itchy skin conditio
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Symptoms get worse You develop new symptoms, especially
Answer thisWhat to expYou can control lichen simplex chronicus by reducing stress and scratching less. The condition
Answer thisWhat are tSkin lesion that is:A flat patch or area of skin color change (macule) Light brown to black On th
Answer thisWhat causeLiver spots are changes in skin color that occur in older skin. The increased color may be due t
Answer thisWho is at hLiver spots are very common after age 40.
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You have liver spots and want them
Answer thisWhat to expLiver spots are not medically dangerous. They are permanent skin changes that may affect the
Answer thisWhat are Most of the time lymphadenopathy is an incidental finding in physical examination. Sometime
Answer thisWhat causThe most common causes of lymphadenopathy include:Acute infections (e.g. bacterial, or vira
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider or go to the emergency room if you have symptoms of lymphad
Answer thisWhat to exPrompt treatment with antibiotics usually leads to a complete recovery. However, it may take
Answer thisWhat are tThe hallmark symptom of McCune-Albright syndrome is premature puberty in girls. Menstrua
Answer thisWhat causMcCune-Albright syndrome is caused by mutations in the GNAS1 gene. The abnormal gene is
Answer thisWho is at This disease is not inherited. It is caused by a new change (mutation) to the DNA that occurs in
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child starts puberty early, or has other symptoms of McC
Answer thisWhat to exLifespan is relatively normal.
Answer thisWhat are tCommon SymptomsFever Rash Cough Runny Nose Conjunctivitis (pink eye)Serious Symptoms
Answer thisWhat causeMeasles is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus. It spreads easily from person to
Answer thisWho is at hMeasles is spread by contact with an infected person, through coughing and sneezing (highly
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek immediate medical attention at the first sign of symptoms that resemble Mea
Answer thisWhat to expMeasles itself is unpleasant, but the complications are dangerous. Six to 20 percent of the peo
Answer thisWhat are Usually, the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color, or feel of a mole. The A
Answer thisWho is at Clinical data has suggested that the development of melanoma is related to several factors.Su
Answer thisWhen to seCall your dermatologist if symptoms of melanoma develop.
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of melanoma depends on the following:The stage of melanoma: Whether the c
Answer thisWhat are Melasma doesn't cause any other symptoms besides skin discoloration but may be of great co
Answer thisWhat causMelasma is a very common skin disorder.
Answer thisWho is at hThough it can affect anyone, young women with brownish skin tones are at greatest risk.Mela
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have persistent darkening of your face.
Answer thisWhat to exMelasma often fades over several months after stopping birth control pills or HRT, or after de
Answer thisWhat are There may be few symptoms at first. Some may include:Anxiety Fever Headache Irritability M
Answer thisWhat causMeningococcemia is caused by a bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. The bacteria frequent
Answer thisWho is at The bacteria can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets -- for example
Answer thisWhen to seIf you feel you are developing symptoms of meningococcemia, contact your doctor.
Answer thisWhat to exEarly treatment results in a good outcome. When shock develops, the outcome is less certain.
Answer thisWhat are tRapid growing, painless and small mass that typically located on a sun exposed area of the bo
Answer thisWhat causeCommon causes of merkel cell carcinoma include:Merkel cell polyomavirus Age Skin tone Exp
Answer thisWho is at hFair skin people HIV positive patients Organ transplant patients Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Answer thisWhen to sewhen patients experience the following:Seizures Bilateral radiculopathies Myoclonus Cauda e
Answer thisWhat to expMerkel cell cancer is a highly aggressive tumor with a mortality rate that approaches 30% to 4
Answer thisWhat are tMicrosporidiosis usually affects people with depressed immunity especially people with HIV. M
Answer thisWhat causeMicrosporidiosis is caused by an organism called microsporidia. Microsporidia are unicellular o
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with suppressed immunity such as HIV patients and cancer patients are the most at ris
Answer thisWhat to expIn healthy individuals, the prognosis is good and the disease is self-limiting. In immunocompro
Answer thisWhy is theThese are topics for discussion, but errors introduced in the technique can introduce false neg
Answer thisWhat are tTypically, the lesion of molluscum begins as a small, painless papule that may become raised u
Answer thisWhat causMolluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus that is a member of the poxvirus family. You can
Answer thisWho is at This is a common infection in children and occurs when a child comes into direct contact with
Answer thisWhen to seSchedule an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms suggestive of
Answer thisWhat to exMolluscum contagiosum lesions may persist from a few months to a few years. These lesions
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of rhinocerebral mucormycosis include:Eye swelling and protrusion (proptosis) Dar
Answer thisWhat causMucormycosis is caused by common fungi frequently found in the soil and in decaying vegeta
Answer thisWho is at hConditions most commonly associated with mucormycosis include diabetes (usually poorly co
Answer thisWhen to sePeople with weakened immune systems and immune disorders (including diabetes) should se
Answer thisWhat to exMucormycosis has an extremely high death rate even when aggressive surgery is done. Death
Answer thisWhat are Common symptoms include:Face pain Fever Headache Sore throat Swelling of the parotid glan
Answer thisWhat causThe mumps are caused by a virus. The virus is spread from person-to-person by respiratory dr
Answer thisWho is at Anyone in direct contact with someone with mumps is at risk for the disease. Also, people wh
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child has mumps and:Eye redness Persistent drow
Answer thisWhat to exPatients usually do well, even if other organs are involved. After the illness, the patient has a l
Answer thisWhat causeInjury:Crushing the base of the nail or the nail bed may cause a permanent deformity. Chronic
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have:A new or widening dark streak in the nail Blue nails
Answer thisWhat are tNeurofibromatosis causes unchecked growth of tissue along the nerves. This can put pressure
Answer thisWhat causeNF1 is an inherited disease. If either parent has NF1, each of their children has a 50% chance o
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You notice coffee -with- milk colored spots on your child's skin
Answer thisWhat to exIf there are no complications, the life expectancy of people with neurofibromatosis is almost n
Answer thisWhat are tEarly signs of Paget's disease of the breast does nmake the patient's attention. As the tumor g
Answer thisWho is at hThe risk factor of Paget's disease of the breast is not clear at present.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Paget's disease of the breast develop. If you exp
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of Paget's disease of the breast depends on the following:Whether or not the tu
Answer thisWhat are tSome people may have no symptoms, others may have mild redness and irration.In severe ca
Answer thisWhat causThe cause is not known, but may be related to immune system disorders, certain other diseas
Answer thisWho is at hBullous pemphigoid usually occurs in elderly persons and is rare in young people. Symptoms c
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor for an appointment if you have:Unexplained blisters on your skin An itchy ras
Answer thisWhat to exBullous pemphigoid usually responds well to treatment. Most patients may stop taking medic
Answer thisWhat are tAbout 50% of people with this condition first develop painful blisters and sores in the mouth,
Answer thisWhat causPemphigus is an autoimmune disorder. The immune system produces antibodies against spec
Answer thisWho is at hPemphigus is uncommon. It almost always occurs in middle-aged or older people.
Answer thisWhen to seYour health care provider should examine any unexplained blisters.Call your health care provi
Answer thisWhat to exWithout treatment, this condition is usually life-threatening. Severe infection is the most freq
Answer thisWhat are tPerioral dermatitis is usually characterized by an uncomfortable burning sensation around the
Answer thisWhat causeWhile its exact cause is unknown, it may appear after skin creams containing steroids are app
Answer thisWho is at hPerioral dermatitis most commonly affects young women. However, it sometimes affects men
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you notice persistent red bumps around your mouth.
Answer thisWhat to expPerioral dermatitis is a difficult condition to treat effectively. It often requires several months
Answer thisWhat are tAttacks most often last 4 - 8 weeks. Symptoms may disappear by 3 weeks or last as long as 12
Answer thisWhat causesPityriasis rosea is believed to be caused by a virus. It occurs most often in the fall and spring.
Answer thisWho is at hAlthough pityriasis rosea may occur in more than one person in a household at a time, it is no
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of pityriasis rose
Answer thisWhat to expPityriasis rosea usually goes away within 6 - 12 weeks. It doesn't usually come back.
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormally dark or light skin surrounding the lesion Numerous small, smooth, flat (pinhead si
Answer thisWhat causeThe typical wart is a raised round or oval growth on the skin with a rough surface. Compared w
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your doctor if:There are signs of infection (red streaking, pus, dis
Answer thisWhat to expWarts are generally harmless growths that often go away on their own within 2 years. They ca
Answer thisWhat are tExtreme itching Red, streaky, patchy rash where the plant touched the skin Red bumps, which
Answer thisWhat causeThe rash is caused by skin contact with the oils (resin) of these plants. Smoke from burning the
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 or go to an emergency room if:Someone is suffering a severe allergic reaction, such a
Answer thisWhat are tThe most typical symptom is pain and stiffness in both shoulders and the neck. This pain usua
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is unknown. PMR may occur alone, or with or before giant cell arteritis (also called
Answer thisWho is at hPolymyalgia rheumatica is a disorder that almost always occurs in people over 50 years old.
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have persistent weakness or stiff
Answer thisWhat to exPolymyalgia rheumatica usually goes away by itself after 2 - 6 years. After this time, treatment
Answer thisWhat are tA pressure ulcer starts as reddened skin that gets worse over time. It forms a blister, then an o
Answer thisWhat causePressure against the skin reduces blood supply to that area, and the affected tissue dies. This
Answer thisWho is at hThe following factors increase the risk for pressure ulcers:Being bedridden or in a wheelchair
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if an area of the skin blisters or forms an open sore. Contac
Answer thisWhat are tPruritis is intense itching sensation that makes the urge to rub or scratch the skin to relieve th
Answer thisWho is at hAllergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, or allergic rhinitis. Skin disease
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of pruritis develop.
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of pruritis depends on the underlying cause.
Answer thisWhat are tPsoriasis can appear suddenly or slowly. In many cases, psoriasis goes away and then flares up
Answer thisWhat causePsoriasis cannot be spread to others. Psoriasis seems to be passed down through families. Do
Answer thisWho is at hPsoriasis is a very common condition. The disorder may affect people of any age, but it most c
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of psoriasis or if the skin irritation continu
Answer thisWhat to expPsoriasis is a life-long condition that can be controlled with treatment. It may go away for a lo
Answer thisWhat causeNonthrombocytopenic purpuras may be due to:Congenital cytomegalovirus Congenital rubella
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor for an appointment if you have signs of purpura.
Answer thisWhat are tOften, the cause of a rash can be determined from its visible characteristics and other sympto
Answer thisWhat causeA simple rash is called dermatitis, meaning inflammation of the skin. Contact dermatitis is cau
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if:You are short of breath, your throat is tight, or your face is swollen Your child has a
Answer thisWhat to expYour doctor will perform a physical examination. He or she will ask questions about your med
Answer thisWhat are Strong emotions or exposure to the cold causes the fingers, toes, ears, or nose to become wh
Answer thisWhat causRaynaud's phenomenon can be associated with other conditions. This is called secondary Rayn
Answer thisWho is at Raynaud's phenomenon also occurs without another disease, medication, or cause. This is cal
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have a history of Raynaud's phenomenon and the affecte
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome varies depending on the cause and the severity of the condition.
Answer thisWhat are Symptoms of ringworm include:Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze. The
Answer thisWhat causRingworm is common, especially among children. However, it may affect people of all ages. It
Answer thisWho is at hRingworm can spread easily from one person to another. You can catch ringworm if you touch
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if you have any signs of a bacterial infection, which can result from
Answer thisWhat to exSkin medicine usually treats ringworm within 4 weeks. If your ringworm infection is severe or
Answer thisWhat are tRedness of the face in discrete areas or covering the entire face A tendency to flush or blush e
Answer thisWhat causeRosacea involves swelling of the blood vessels just under the skin. It may be associated with o
Answer thisWho is at hAlthough the cause of rosacea is unknown, you are more likely to develop this harmless skin c
Answer thisWhat to expRosacea is not medically dangerous. It is not curable, but can usually be controlled with treatm
Answer thisWhat are tThe child may have a runny nose, sore throat, and eye redness.A fever usually occurs before t
Answer thisWhat causeIt is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), although similar syndromes are po
Answer thisWho is at hThe disease is common in children ages 3 months to 4 years, and most common in those ages
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child:Has a fever that does not go down with acetaminop
Answer thisWhat to expMost children with roseola fully recover.
Answer thisWhat causeRoseola is common in children ages 3 months to 4 years, and most common in those ages 6 m
Answer thisWhat are tThe time between becoming infected and the beginning of symptoms (incubation period) is 5
Answer thisWhat are tChildren generally have few symptoms. Adults may experience a fever, headache, general disc
Answer thisWhat causeThe disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact.A person can
Answer thisWho is at hNot being vaccinated against rubella Exposure to an active rubella virus
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You are a woman of childbearing age
Answer thisWhat to expRubella is usually a mild infection. However, if a mother is infected during early pregnancy, ru
Answer thisWhat are tItching, especially at night Rashes, especially between the fingers Sores (abrasions) on the skin
Answer thisWhat causeScabies is found worldwide among people of all groups and ages. It is spread by direct contact
Answer thisWho is at hScabies is spread by skin-to-skin contact with another person who has scabies.Pets and anima
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of scabies A person you have been in clos
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases of scabies can be cured without any long-term problems. A severe case with a lot
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common symptoms of scarlet fever are:Scarlet fever begins with a rash that shows u
Answer thisWhat causeThis illness can be caught from contact with the sick person because this germ is carried in the
Answer thisWho is at hScarlet fever usually develops in children, just like colds or the flu are common in children.
Answer thisWhen to seIf you think your child has scarlet fever, take your child to his or her doctor right away. The do
Answer thisWhat to expAlthough complications may arise if not treated, scarlet fever goes away after a course of anti
Answer thisWhat are tSome types of scleroderma affect only the skin, while others affect the whole body.Localized s
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of scleroderma is unknown. People with this condition have a buildup of a substanc
Answer thisWho is at hThe disease usually affects people 30 to 50 years old. Women get scleroderma more often tha
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You have symptoms of scleroderma
Answer thisWhat to exSome people with scleroderma have symptoms that develop quickly over the first few years a
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is usually a small, non-painful lump beneath the skin.If the lump becomes
Answer thisWhat causeSebaceous cysts most often arise from swollen hair follicles. Skin trauma can also induce a cys
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you notice any new growths on your body. Although cysts are
Answer thisWhat to expLarge, painful cysts may interfere with day-to-day life.
Answer thisWhat are tSeborrheic dermatitis can occur on many different body areas. Usuallky it forms where the ski
Answer thisWhat causeSeborrheic dermatitis is thought to be due to a combination of an over production of skin oil a
Answer thisWho is at hSeborrheic dermatitis appears to run in families. Stress, fatigue, weather extremes, oily skin, i
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if seborrheic dermatitis symptoms do n
Answer thisWhat to expSeborrheic dermatitis is a chronic (life-long) condition that can be controlled with treatment. I
Answer thisWhat are tThe first symptom is usually one-sided pain, tingling, or burning. The pain and burning may be
Answer thisWhat causeAfter you get chickenpox, the virus remains inactive (becomes dormant) in certain nerves in th
Answer thisWho is at hShingles may develop in any age group, but you are more likely to develop the condition if:You
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of shingles, particularly if you have a wea
Answer thisWhat to expHerpes zoster usually clears in 2 to 3 weeks and rarely recurs. If the virus affects the nerves th
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include a small, painless, red lump that develops at the site of infection. As time pa
Answer thisWhat causeSporothrix schenckii is found in plants. Infection commonly occurs when the skin is broken wh
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who handle thorny plants, sphagnum moss, or bales of hay are at increased risk of getti
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, full recovery is likely. Disseminated sporotrichosis is more difficult to treat an
Answer thisWhat are tGeneral appearance is a rough, flat reddish patch, but special attention needs to be given to th
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data suggests that the development of squamous cell carcinoma is related to several f
Answer thisWhen to seSee your dermatologist if you get any new or rapidly growing lesions on the skin.
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma depends on the following:The stage of squamous c
Answer thisWhat are tYou may have symptoms of venous insufficiency, which include a dull aching or heaviness in th
Answer thisWhat causesVenous insufficiency is a long-term (chronic) condition in which the veins have problems send
Answer thisWho is at hSome people with venous insufficiency develop stasis dermatitis. Blood pools in the veins of th
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop leg swelling or symptom
Answer thisWhat to expCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop leg swelling or symptom
Answer thisWhat are tStevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) usually begins with a fever, sore throat, and fatigue, which is
Answer thisWhat causeStevens-Johnson Syndrome is caused by drug reactions in the majority of the cases although i
Answer thisWho is at Common risk factors in the development of SJS include Low immunity, HIV infection, active ca
Answer thisWhen to seUrgent Medical Care should be sought in case of skin eruptions or rash along with flu-like sym
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome is generally good. Most lesions heal rapidly within 1-3
Answer thisWhat are tStretch marks can appear when there is rapid stretching of the skin. They are often associated
Answer thisWhat causeCushing syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Pregnancy Puberty Obesity Overuse of cortisone s
Answer thisWhen to seIf striae or stretch marks appear without obvious cause such as pregnancy or rapid weight gai
Answer thisWhat to expYou health care provider will examine you and ask questions about your symptoms, including:
Answer thisWhat are tMost of the time, there are no symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may include:Abdomina
Answer thisWhat causeS. stercoralis is a roundworm that is fairly common in warm, moist areas. Rarely, it can be fou
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of strongyloidia
Answer thisWhat to expWith good treatment, people should make a full recovery and the parasites should be remove
Answer thisWhat are tPort-wine stain (more common on the face than the body) Seizures Paralysis or weakness on o
Answer thisWhat causThe cause of Sturge-Weber is unknown. It is not thought to be passed down (inherited) throug
Answer thisWhen to seThe health care provider should check all birthmarks, including a port-wine stain. Seizures, vis
Answer thisWhat to exMost cases of Sturge-Weber are not life-threatening. The patient's quality of life depends on h
Answer thisWhat are tThe first signs of a sunburn may not appear for a few hours. The full effect to your skin may no
Answer thisWhat causSunburn results when the amount of exposure to the sun or other ultraviolet light source exce
Answer thisWho is at hFactors that make sunburn more likely:Infants and children are especially sensitive to the burn
Answer thisWhen to seCall a health care provider immediately if you have a fever with sunburn or if there are signs o
Answer thisWhat to exThe doctor will perform a physical exam and look at your skin. You may be asked questions ab
Answer thisWhat are tThe primary symptom of hyperhidrosis is wetness.
Answer thisWhat causeSweating helps the body stay cool. In most cases, it is perfectly natural. People sweat more in
Answer thisWho is at hPrimary hyperhidrosis affects 2 - 3% of the population, yet less than 40% of patients with this
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have:Prolonged, excessive, and unexplained sweating Sw
Answer thisWhat to expAluminum Chloride: Initially a patient may need to use it three to seven times a week. After sw
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus vary from person to person, depending the organ
Answer thisWhat causeSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which means the body's immu
Answer thisWho is at hThe underlying cause of this autoimmune disease is not clear. Clinical data show the onset of
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Answer thisWhat to exOutcomes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have improved in recent years. Prog
Answer thisWhat are tBleeding into the skin or mucus membranes Changes in consciousness Confusion Easy fatigue
Answer thisWhat causeThis disease may be caused by a lack of, or problems with, a certain enzyme (a type of protein
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any unexplained bleeding.
Answer thisWhat to exPlasma exchange has greatly improved the outcome of this disease. Most patients now recove
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of ringworm include:Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze.
Answer thisWhat causeRingworm is a common skin disorder, especially among children, but it may affect people of a
Answer thisWho is at hRingworm occurs when a particular type of fungus grows and multiplies anywhere on your ski
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if you have any signs of a bacterial infection, which can result from
Answer thisWhat to expSkin medication is usually successful at treating Ringworm within 4 weeks. If your ringworm in
Answer thisWhat are tTinea capitis may involve only parts of the scalp, or all of it. Areas that are infected appear bal
Answer thisWhat causeFungi are a type of germ that can live on the dead tissue of the hair, nails, and outer skin layer
Answer thisWho is at hTinea capitis or ringworm can spread easily to others. It most often affects children and goes a
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of tinea capitis.
Answer thisWhat to expTinea capitis may be hard to get rid of, and it may return after treatment. In many cases it get
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include itching.The rash begins as a small area of red, raised spots and pimple
Answer thisWhat causeTinea corporis is a common skin disorder among children. However, it may occur in people of
Answer thisWho is at hTinea corporis can spread easily to other people. You can catch the condition if you come into
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if ringworm does not improve with sel
Answer thisWhat to expRingworm usually responds to topical medications within 4 weeks. Severe or resistant cases u
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is patches of discolored skin with sharp borders (edges) and fine scales. Th
Answer thisWhat causeTinea versicolor is relatively common. It is caused by the fungus Pityrosporum ovale, a type of
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition is most common in adolescent and young adult males. It typically occurs in hot
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of tinea vers
Answer thisWhat to expThough tinea versicolor is easily treated, pigment changes may last for months after treatmen
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually begin before age 17.The hair may come out in round patches or across the
Answer thisWhat causeTrichotillomania is a type of impulsive control disorder. Its causes are not clearly understood.I
Answer thisWhat to expTrichotillomania that begins in younger children (fewer than 6 years old) may go away withou
Answer thisWhat are tFlat areas of normal-feeling skin without any pigment appear suddenly or gradually. These are
Answer thisWhat causesVitiligo appears to occur when immune cells destroy the cells that produce brown pigment (m
Answer thisWho is at hiVitiligo may appear at any age. There is an increased rate of the condition in some families. Th
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if areas of your skin lose their coloring
Answer thisWhat to expThe course of vitiligo varies and is unpredictable. Some areas may regain normal pigment (col
Answer thisWhat are tWarts are classified based on where they appear on the body. The different types of warts inc
Answer thisWhat causeThe typical wart is a raised round or oval growth on the skin with a rough surface. Compared w
Answer thisWho is at hWarts can happen to anyone. However, some populations are more likely to get warts after ex
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your doctor if:There are signs of infection (red streaking, pus, dis
Answer thisWhat to expWarts are generally harmless growths that often go away on their own within 2 years. They ca
Answer thisWhat are tPlague symptoms depend on how the patient was exposed to the plague bacteria. The plague
Answer thisWhat Causes Plague is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. Rodents, such as rats, carry the disease. It is sp
Answer thisWho is at hHuman plague occurs in areas where the bacteria are present in wild rodent populations. The
Answer thisWhen to see People who should seek urgent medical care include:Anyone who develops plague symptoms
Answer thisWhere to FiDirections to Hospitals Treating Yersinia pestis infection
Answer thisWhat to exp Without treatment, about 50% of people with bubonic plague die. Almost all people with pne
Answer thisWhat are tYou can become infected with Zika virus more than once and show symptoms many times. Sy
Answer thisWhat causes The virus that causes Zika virus infection is Zika virus (ZIKV). Zika virus is usually found in deve
Answer thisDoes Zika vAn association has been established between Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS) and Zika virus infe
Answer thisIf infected Once infected with Zika and the infection is cleared, there is currently no evidence showing th
Answer thisWhat are tIn 21-hydroxylase, newborns develop severe symptoms shortly after birth due to loss of salt.D
Answer thisWhat causeMutations in the CYP21A2 gene cause 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
Answer thisWho is at rFamily history of 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the risk factor for this disease.
Answer thisWhen to seContact your doctor if your child has signs and symptoms that seem to suggest 21-hydroxylase
Answer thisWhat to exp Prognosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency are usually good. But when adrenal crisis happens and
Answer thisHow do I kInfancy: Some patients with 5-alpha reductase deficiency may show female external genitalia.
Answer thisWho is at rResearchs demonatrate that mutations in the SRD5A2 gene cause 5-alpha reductase deficienc
Answer thisHow to knoTestosterone -to- dihydrotestosterone (T/DHT) level: In patients with 5-alpha-reductase defici
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider as soon as possible if your kid has symptoms of 5-alpha-reducta
Answer thisWhat to exp Most affected males are unable to father a child. Osteoporosis and psychosexual dysfunction
Answer thisWhat are tThe following are symptoms of transfusion reactions:Back pain Blood in urine Feeling of "impe
Answer thisWhat causeA, B, and O are the three major blood types. The types are based on small substances (molecu
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have recently had a blood transfusion or transplant and y
Answer thisWhat to exp This can be a very serious problem which can even result in death. With the right treatment, a
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of an abscess depend largely on where the abscess forms. Some common symptom
Answer thisWhat causeAbscesses occur when an area of tissue becomes infected and the body's immune system trie
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with recent history of infection are at increased risk for abscess.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you think that you may have any type of abscess.
Answer thisWhat to exp The prognosis depends on site of infection, type of organisms causing it and the patient profil
Answer thisWhat are tBackflow (regurgitation) of food Chest pain, which may increase after eating or may radiate to
Answer thisWhat are tThe main problem in achalasia is a failure of the a muscular ring where the esophagus and sto
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have difficulty swallowing or painful swallowing, or if you
Answer thisWhat to exp The outcomes of surgery and nonsurgical treatments are similar. Sometimes more than one tr
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with achlorhyria may have signs and symptoms as the following:Impaired digestion o
Answer thisWhat causeThis condition may occur spontaneously as a result of a clinical disorder or from drug administ
Answer thisWho is at hPrior gastric bypass surgery Chronic gastric H pylori infection Chronic proton pump inhibitor (P
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of achlorhydria develop.
Answer thisWhat to exp The outcome of achlorhydria depends on:The underlying cause of achlorhydria: If achlorhydri
Answer thisWhat are tEarly acinic cell carcinoma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people m
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of acinic cell carcinoma is related to several
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of acinic cell carcinoma develop.
Answer thisWhat to exp The prognosis of acinic cell carcinoma depends on the following:Whether or not the tumor ca
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms of acoustic neuroma are often appear gradually and take some years to b
Answer thisWhat causeAcoustic neuroma seems to be a genetic disease that means it’s existance came from malfunc
Answer thisWho is at hAs mentioned, Neurofibromatosis type II is a well-known reason of this disease, although it is
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek medical care once each of the following symptoms are seen;Hearing loss on o
Answer thisWhat to exAcoustic neuromas are not malignant and do not metastasis (spread) to other Organs. Howev
Answer thisWhat are tThe name acromegaly comes from the Greek words for “extremities” and “enlargement,” refl
Answer thisWhat are tAcromegaly is caused by prolonged overproduction of GH by the pituitary gland. The pituitary
Answer thisWhen to seYou should talk to your doctor if you experience anything of the symptoms associated with Ac
Answer thisWhat to exPituitary surgery is successful in most patients, depending on the size of the tumor and the ex
Answer thisWhat are tNumbness of the shoulder, arm, or hand Shoulder pain Tingling, burning, pain, or abnormal se
Answer thisWhat causeAcute brachial neuritis is a form of peripheral neuropathy. It occurs when there is damage to t
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you experience pain, numbness, tingling or weakness in the sh
Answer thisWhat to expThe likely outcome depends on the cause. A good recovery is possible if the cause is identified
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of either type of bronchitis may include: chest discomfort; cough that produce
Answer thisWhat causeAcute bronchitis can be caused by contagious pathogens. Acute bronchitis generally follows a
Answer thisWho is at hPeople at risk for acute bronchitis include: the elderly, infants, and young children; persons w
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:You have a cough most days or you have a cough that returns frequently Yo
Answer thisWhat to expFor acute bronchitis, symptoms usually go away within 7 to 10 days if you do not have an und
Answer thisWhat are tLike all blood cells, leukemia cells travel through the body. The symptoms of leukemia depend
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have leukemia, and have received chemotherapy, you may develop a fever that may refl
Answer thisWhere to gDirections to Hospitals Treating Leukemia
Answer thisWhat to ExLeukemia is a very serious disease which can have many complications. Complications can com
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain that is greatest in the upper abdomen (upper left quadrant or upper middle o
Answer thisWhat are thThe main causes of acute pancreatitis in adults are:Alcohol use Gallbladder (biliary) disease Ga
Answer thisWho is at hThe disease affects men more often than women. Alcohol abuse is an important risk factor.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your provider if:You have intense, constant abdominal pain You develop other symptoms
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases go away in a week. However, some cases develop into a life-threatening illness.Th
Answer thisWhat are tIt's important to recognize the symptoms of Acute retinal necrosis and seek medical help if yo
Answer thisWhat causeAcute retinal necrosis is caused by viral infections by the following:Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Answer thisWho is at hAcute retinal necrosis most often affects those with weakened immune systems, including tho
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek urgent medical care if you are experiencing the following:Severe eye pain Vis
Answer thisWhat to expWithout treatment, Acute retinal necrosis can lead to dangerous complications that can be life
Answer thisWhat are Cold symptoms usually occur within 2-3 days after you came in contact with the virus, althoug
Answer thisWhat causIt is called “ common cold ” for good reason. There are over one billion colds in the United Sta
Answer thisWhen to seTry to treat your cold at home first. Call your doctor if:Breathing becomes difficult. Your symp
Answer thisWhat to expThe discharge of your runny nose will become thicker, may turn to yellow or green within a fe
Answer thisWho is at hCommon cold can effect people of all age, gender, and ethnic group.
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of adrenal insufficiency usually begin gradually. Characteristics of the disease a
Answer thisWhat causeFailure to produce adequate levels of cortisol can occur for different reasons. The problem ma
Answer thisWhen to seIt is important to seek medical care if you show signs of any of the symptoms associated with
Answer thisWhat to exIf you don't treat Addison's disease, it can be fatal. You will need to take hormone pills for the
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of adenocarcinoma of the lung include shortness of breath, blood in the s
Answer thisWhat causeAdenocarcinoma of the lung may caused by genetic mutations.
Answer thisWho is at hSmokers, patients with family history of lung cancer, high levels of air pollution, history of rad
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; Stage IA have t
Answer thisWhat are For example, a small breast adenoma may cause no symptoms and may be unable to detect it
Answer thisWhat causThe causes of adenoma are not clear. But heredity and environment may be related to the de
Answer thisWho is at Women who use oral contraceptives may be at increased risk of developing liver adenomas.
Answer thisWhat to exBenign tumors usually don't grow back.
Answer thisWhat are tFor a diagnosis of adjustment disorder, a person's symptoms must be severe enough to affect
Answer thisWhat causeAdults often develop adjustment disorder due to marital or financial problems.In adolescents,
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of adjustmen
Answer thisWhat to expAdjustment disorders usually get better quickly without any remaining symptoms.
Answer thisWhat are tEvery disease has different symptoms.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms that suggest increased cortisol or other adrenal gland hormone production:Fatty, r
Answer thisWhat causeAdrenocortical carcinoma is most common in children younger than 5 and adults in their 30s a
Answer thisWhen to coCall your health care provider if you or your child has symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma,
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on how early the diagnosis is made and whether the tumor has spread
Answer thisWhat are tChildhood cerebral type:Changes in muscle tone, especially muscle spasms and spasticity Cros
Answer thisWhat causeAdrenoleukodystrophy is passed down from parents to their children as an X-linked genetic tr
Answer thisWho is at hAdrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic disorder, so anyone with a family history of the disorder is
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Your child develops symptoms of X-linked adrenoleukodystro
Answer thisWhat to exThe childhood form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a progressive disease that leads to a
Answer thisWhat are tAgoraphobia is considered to be present when places or situations are being avoided.People w
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact causes of panic disorder and agoraphobia are unknown.Agoraphobia sometimes oc
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of agoraphobia.
Answer thisWhat to exMost patients can get better with medications or behavioral therapy. However, without early
Answer thisWhat are tPersons with this condition are more likely to have fevers and infections.
Answer thisWhat causeAgranulocytosis may be caused by:Autoimmune disorders Bone marrow diseases such as mye
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of infections that do not normally develop in in
Answer thisWhat causeAnyone can get HIV. The most important thing to know is how you can get the virus. You can g
Answer thisWho is at hPersons who are practicing unsafe sexual behavior(unprotected), drug addicts. Sexual partner
Answer thisWhen to seSince HIV weakens the immune system, people with AIDS should consult a doctor and get test
Answer thisWhat to expRight now, there is no cure for AIDS. It is always fatal if no treatment is provided. In the US, m
Answer thisWhat are tConfusion Forgetfulness Behavioral changes Headaches Progressive weakness Loss of sensatio
Answer thisWhat causeIn the United States, neurological complications are seen in more than 50 percent of adults w
Answer thisWhat to exWhen left untreated, AIDS dementia complex can be fatal.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Alcoholic hepatitis can vary from mild to severe. The symptoms include: Nausea
Answer thisWhat causeAlcoholic Hepatitis is suspected to occur in patients with excessive drinking over the decades.
Answer thisWho is at hAlcoholic Hepatitis can also occur after short period of drinking 100 g alcohol daily. Heavy drin
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of alcoholic hepatitis You develop sym
Answer thisWhat to expAlcohol abstinence improves your prognosis. However, The outcome will likely be poor if you
Answer thisWhat are tChanges start in the liver as inflammation (hepatitis) and lead to fatty liver and cirrhosis. Cirrh
Answer thisWhat are thAlcoholic liver disease usually occurs after years of excessive drinking. The longer the alcohol u
Answer thisWho is at hRisk Factors include:Heavy drinking/Binge drinking Gender: Women are more susceptible than
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of alcoholic liver disease You develop
Answer thisWhat to expContinued excessive drinking can shorten your lifespan. The outcome will likely be poor if you
Answer thisWhat are tUrine in an infant's diaper may darken and can turn almost black after several hours. However
Answer thisWhat causeA defect in the HGD gene causes alkaptonuria.The gene defect makes the body unable to prop
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you notice that your own urine or your child's urine becomes
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome for people affected with alkaptonuria is generally expected to be good. Some po
Answer thisWhat are thSymptoms may be seasonal and can include:Intense itching or burning eyes Puffy eyelids, esp
Answer thisWhat causesWhen your eyes are exposed to anything to which you are allergic, histamine is released and t
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you experience allergic conjunctivitis
Answer thisWhat to expTreatment often relieves symptoms, but they can return if you continue to be exposed to the
Answer thisWhat are tShortness of breath with and without exertion, and other symptoms of chronic obstructive pu
Answer thisWhat causeAlpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a type of protein called a "protease inhibitor." It is made in the live
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of AAT deficiency.
Answer thisWhat to expSome people with this deficiency will not develop liver or lung disease. However, emphysema
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms generally associated with mild to moderate altitude sickness include:Difficulty slee
Answer thisWhat causeAltitude sickness is brought on by the combination of reduced air pressure and lower oxygen c
Answer thisWho is at hThe chance of getting altitude sickness increases the faster a person climbs to a high altitude.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have or had symptoms of altitude sickness, even if you fe
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases are mild, and symptoms improve promptly with a return to lower altitude. Severe
Answer thisWhat are tAmblyopia can often go undetected to the untrained observer. In fact, many people with amb
Answer thisWhat are tThe brain and the eye work together to produce vision. Light enters the eye and is changed in
Answer thisWho is at hThose with a family history of amblyopia have an increased risk of the disorder. Additionally, y
Answer thisWhen to seAlthough not considered a medical emergency, amblyopia should be treated as early as possib
Answer thisWhat to exVision screening by age 4 can successfully detect reduced vision in one or both eyes resulting
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of amoebic liver abscess include:Abdominal pain, particularly in the right upper pa
Answer thisWho is at hThe following increases your chances of developing amoebic liver abscess:Alcoholism Cancer I
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of amoebic liver abscess, especially if
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually do not develop until after age 50, but they can start in younger people.Pers
Answer thisWhat causeIn about 10% of cases, ALS is caused by a genetic defect. In the remaining cases, the cause is u
Answer thisWho is at hThere are no known risk factors, except for having a family member who has a hereditary form
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of ALS, particularly if you have a family hi
Answer thisWhat to expOver time, people with ALS progressively lose the ability to function and care for themselves.
Answer thisWhat are tEarly anal cancer does not make any symptoms. When the cancer grows larger, people with a
Answer thisWho is at hHuman papillomavirus (HPV): Around the anus skin, some strains of HPV can cause venereal w
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of anal cancer develop. If one emerges the followin
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of anal cancer varies widely. It depends on the following:The size of the tumor L
Answer thisWhat are tAnal fissures may cause painful bowel movements and bleeding. There may be blood on the o
Answer thisWhat are thAnal fissures are extremely common in young infants but may occur at any age. Studies sugge
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who are most at risk for developing an anal fissure include:Infants Elderly adults Wom
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms associated with anal fissure are present, or if the fi
Answer thisWhat to expAnal fissures generally heal quickly without further problems. However, people who develop fi
Answer thisWhat are tThe typical characteristic of androgen insensitivity syndrome is feminization. It can be divided
Answer thisWhat Cause Mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene have been shown to cause androgen insensitiv
Answer thisWho is at hMutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene is the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child appears to have signs or symptoms of the sy
Answer thisWhat to expFor patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, prognosis is good after orchidect
Answer thisWhat are tPossible symptoms include:Chest pain Dizziness or light-headedness (especially when standin
Answer thisWhat causWhile many parts of the body help make red blood cells, most of the work is done in the bone
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health provider if you have any symptoms of anemia, or any unusual bleeding.
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook depends on the cause.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of anemia of prematurity include one or more of the following:Pale skin Lethargy D
Answer thisWhat causePreterm birth Blood loss during phlebotomy for laboratory investigations
Answer thisWho is at hPremature infants Extremely low birth weight infants
Answer thisWhat to exWith prompt diagnosis and early treatment, symptoms resolve without any complications in i
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of anencephaly may include:Missing bones, especially in the front/sides of the skul
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause of anencephaly is unknown. Although it is thought that a mother's diet and vitamin
Answer thisWhen to seGenetic counseling is recommended for expectant parents with a history of other genetic diso
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis for babies born with anencephaly is extremely poor. If the infant is not stillborn
Answer thisWhat are tEarly signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis may limit in your back and hip. When the d
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown, but genes seem to play a role.The disease mo
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause of ankylosing spondylitis is not clear. Researches demonstrate the following factors
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis develop.
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of ankylosing spondylitis varies from person to person. Most patients can maintain
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of annular pancreas include:Feeding intolerance in newborns Fullness after eating
Answer thisWhat causeAnnular pancreas is caused by malformation during the development of the pancreas, before
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you or your child have any symptom
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually good with surgery.
Answer thisWhat are tA person with antisocial personality disorder may:Be able to act witty and charming Be good a
Answer thisWhat causesThe causes of antisocial personality disorder are unknown. Genetic factors and child abuse are
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with a mental health professional if:You have symptoms of antisocial
Answer thisWhat to expSymptoms tend to peak during the late teenage years and early 20s. They sometimes improve
Answer thisWhat are t1. Wernicke’s aphasia: Damage to the temporal lobe (the side portion) of the brain may result
Answer thisWhat are tAny of the following can be considered symptoms of aphasia:inability to comprehend languag
Answer thisWhat causeAphasia is caused by damage to one or more of the language areas of the brain. Many times, t
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone can acquire aphasia, including children, but most people who have aphasia are middle
Answer thisWhat are tThe first symptom is usually a tingling or burning sensation that you feel before other symptom
Answer thisWhat are tAphthous ulcers may be linked to problems with the body's immune (defense) system. The so
Answer thisWho is at hAphthous ulcers are a common form of mouth ulcer. They occur in women more often than m
Answer thisWhen to seApply home treatment and call your health care provider if symptoms of canker sores persist
Answer thisWhat to expAphthous ulcers usually heal on their own. The pain usually decreases in a few days. Other sym
Answer thisWhat are tMost people with appendicitis have classic symptoms that a doctor can easily identify. The ma
Answer thisWhat causeObstruction of the appendiceal lumen causes appendicitis. Mucus backs up in the appendicea
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone can get appendicitis, but it is more common among people 10 to 30 years old. Append
Answer thisWhen to seAppendicitis is a medical emergency that requires immediate care. People who think they hav
Answer thisWhat to expMost appendicitis patients recover easily with treatment, but complications can occur if treatm
Answer thisWhat are tThe pattern and location of symptoms can vary depending on the type of arthritis. Generally,
Answer thisWhat causeArthritis involves the breakdown of cartilage. Cartilage normally protects a joint, allowing it to
Answer thisWho is at hiCertain factors are associated with a greater risk of arthritis. Some of these risk factors are mo
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have pain, stiffness, or swelling in or around one or more of your joints, talk to your doc
Answer thisWhat to expA few arthritis-related disorders can be completely cured with proper treatment.Most forms o
Answer thisWhat are tMost of the time, there are no symptoms. If there are symptoms, they may include:Bloody sp
Answer thisWho is at hAscariasis is caused by consuming food or drink contaminated with roundworm eggs. Ascarias
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of ascariasis, particularly if you have trave
Answer thisWhat to expMost people recover from symptoms of the infection, even without treatment, although they
Answer thisWhat are tThe adhesions may cause amenorrhea (lack of menstrual periods), repeated miscarriages, and
Answer thisWhat causAsherman syndrome is a rare condition.In most cases, it occurs in women who have had sever
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your menstrual periods do not resume after a gynecologic or o
Answer thisWhat to exAsherman syndrome can be cured in most women with surgery, although sometimes more th
Answer thisWhat are tAstigmatism may cause symptoms such as :Blurry vision Squinting Asthenopia Fatigue Heada
Answer thisWhat are tThe cause of astigmatism is unknown. It is usually present from birth, and often occurs togeth
Answer thisWho is at hAstigmatism can affect both children and adults. According to an American study published in
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with the health care provider or ophthalmologist if vision problems w
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook of those with an astigmatism is generally very good, provided that treatment is av
Answer thisWhat are tSome common symptoms of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma include:Headache Vomitin
Answer thisWhat Cause The exact cause of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is unknown but it is predominantly a
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with tuberous sclerosis have the highest risk of developing subependymal giant cell as
Answer thisWhen to seIf acute symptoms such as headache, vomiting, confusion, and blurred vision should develop,
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis is generally poor. A few positive prognostic factors include:Surgical treatment A
Answer thisWhat are tBurning on urination Light bleeding after intercourse Painful sexual intercourse causing a loss
Answer thisWhat causeAtrophic vaginitis is caused by a decrease in estrogen. Estrogen levels normally drop after men
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you are experiencing vaginal dryness
Answer thisWhat to expProper treatment will usually relieve the symptoms.
Answer thisWhat are thThe symptoms of ADHD fall into three groups:Lack of attention (inattentiveness) Hyperactivity
Answer thisWhat causesADHD is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood. It affects about 3 - 5
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your doctor if you or your child's school personnel suspect ADHD. You should also tell you
Answer thisWhat to expADHD is a long-term, chronic condition. If it is not treated appropriately, ADHD may lead to:Dr
Answer thisWhat are tMost parents of autistic children suspect that something is wrong by the time the child is 18 m
Answer thisWhat causeAutism is a physical condition linked to abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain. The exac
Answer thisHow manyThe c exact number of children with autism is not known.A report released by the U.S. Centers
Answer thisWhen to seParents usually suspect that there is a developmental problem long before a diagnosis is made
Answer thisWhat to expAutism remains a challenging condition for children and their families, but the outlook today i
Answer thisWhat are tYou may not have symptoms if the anemia is mild. If the problem develops slowly, symptoms
Answer thisWhat causPossible causes include:Certain chemicals, drugs, and toxins Infections Transfusion of blood fr
Answer thisWhen to seCall your healthcare provider if you have unexplained fatigue or chest pain, or signs of infectio
Answer thisWhat to exThe disease may start quickly and be very serious, or it may stay mild and not need special tre
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis are:Fatigue Joint pain Nausea Loss of a
Answer thisWhat are tA combination of autoimmunity, environmental triggers, and a genetic predisposition can lead
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis. You have au
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is generally excellent, and the 10-year survival rate of patients with autoimmune he
Answer thisWhat are Type I: fungal infections (chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis), thyroid issues (hypoparathyroid
Answer thisWho is at Genetics play a role in the likelihood someone may have Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrom
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has persistent yeast infections, thyroid issues, repro
Answer thisWhat to exType I: The prognosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I is variable, depending on
Answer thisHow is AviaAvian influenza in birds: Avian influenza is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) vir
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of avian influenza in humans have ranged from typical human influenza - like symp
Answer thisWhat causeThe avian influenza is caused by the H5N1 virus, a subtype of type A influenza virus.
Answer thisWho is at hFor current information about avian influenza A (H5N1) outbreaks, see the CDC Outbreaks pag
Answer thisWhen to seIf there is any suspicion of avian influenza infection, it is recommended that medical care is so
Answer thisWhat to expOf the human cases associated with the ongoing H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in A
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with avoidant personality disorder can't stop thinking about their own shortcomings. T
Answer thisWhat causePersonality disorders are lifelong patterns of behavior that cause problems with work and rela
Answer thisWhen to seSee your health care provider or a psychiatrist if shyness or fear of rejection overwhelms your
Answer thisWhat to expPeople with this disorder may develop some ability to relate to others, and this can be improv
Answer thisWhat are tIt is important to understand that back pain is a symptom of a medical condition, not a diagno
Answer thisWhat causeMedical problems that can cause back pain include the following:Mechanical problems: A me
Answer thisWho is at hAlthough anyone can have back pain, a number of factors increase your risk. They include:Age
Answer thisWhen to seIn most cases, it is not necessary to see a doctor for back pain because pain usually goes away
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook for acute back pain is very good. Many times it will leave as quickly as it came.Chr
Answer thisWhat are tWomen with BV may have an abnormal vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor. Some wom
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of BV is not fully understood. BV is associated with an imbalance in the bacteria tha
Answer thisWho is at hBacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age. In
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of uterine prola
Answer thisWhat are tA large cyst may cause some discomfort or stiffness, but there are often no symptoms. There
Answer thisWhat causeA Baker's cyst is caused by swelling in the knee. The swelling is due to an increase in synovial fl
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with knee problems such as a meniscus tear or arthritis are at higher risk for a Baker's
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have swelling behind the knee th
Answer thisWhat to expA Baker's cyst will not cause any long-term harm, but it can be annoying and painful. The symp
Answer thisWhat are tFemales rarely develop symptoms. Males will develop symptoms if they inherit the defective
Answer thisWhat causeBecker muscular dystrophy is very similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, except that it get
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Symptoms of Becker muscular dystrophy appear A person wit
Answer thisWhat to exBecker muscular dystrophy leads to slowly worsening disability, although the degree of disabi
Answer thisWhat are Abdominal wall defect: umbilical hernia or omphalocele Creases in ear lobes Enlargement of o
Answer thisWhat are tThe cause of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is unknown, but it may be genetic. Most cases a
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have a child with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and worrisome symptoms develop, c
Answer thisWhat to exChildren with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome who survive infancy do well, although no long-
Answer thisWhat are tBecause the facial nerve has so many functions and is so complex, damage to the nerve or a d
Answer thisWhat are thBell's palsy occurs when the nerve that controls the facial muscles is swollen, inflamed, or com
Answer thisWho is at hBell's palsy afflicts approximately 40,000 Americans each year. It affects men and women equ
Answer thisWhen to seUrgent medical care is not usually necessary for Bell's palsy. However, since some of the symp
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis for individuals with Bell's palsy is generally very good. The extent of nerve dama
Answer thisWhat are tLess than half of all men with BPH have symptoms of the disease, which include:Dribbling at t
Answer thisWhat causeThe actual cause of prostate enlargement is unknown. Factors linked to aging and the testicle
Answer thisWho is at hThe likelihood of developing an enlarged prostate increases with age. BPH is so common that
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if you have:Less urine than usual Fever or chills Back, side, or abdo
Answer thisWhat to exp Treatments options as stated above are likely to relieve symptoms. Surgery is slightly more su
Answer thisWhat are tNewborns with this condition may appear normal at birth. However, jaundice (a yellow color t
Answer thisWho is at hiBiliary atresia is common form of chronic liver disease in newborns, affecting one in every 15,
Answer thisWhat causes Biliary atresia occurs when the bile ducts inside or outside the liver do not develop normally. I
Answer thisWhen to see Call your health care provider if your child appears jaundiced, or if other symptoms of biliary a
Answer thisWhat to exp Early surgery will improve the survival of more than a third of babies with this condition. The l
Answer thisWhat are tA binge eater often:Eats 5,000 - 15,000 calories in one sitting Frequently snacks, in addition to
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of binge eating is unknown. However, binge eating often begins during or after stric
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you think you might have a pattern of binge eating or bulimia
Answer thisWhat are tThe manic phase may last from days to months. It can include the following symptoms:Easily d
Answer thisWhat are th Bipolar disorder affects men and women equally. It usually starts between ages 15 - 25. The e
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health provider or an emergency number right way if:You are having thoughts of dea
Answer thisWhat to exp Mood stabilizers can help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. However, patients often n
Answer thisWhat are tThe eyelids appear red and irritated, with scales that stick to the base of the eyelashes. The ey
Answer thisWhat causeBlepharitis is caused by an overgrowth of the bacteria that is normally found on the skin. It is u
Answer thisWho is at hBlepharitis may be linked to repeated styes and chalazia. You are more likely to develop this c
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms worsen or do not improve
Answer thisWhat to exp The likely outcome is good with treatment. Continued attention to lid cleanliness may be requ
Answer thisWhat causeDuring the first 3 months, vaginal bleeding may be a sign of a miscarriage or ectopic pregnanc
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if:There is a chance of miscarriage. You have any vaginal ble
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms can vary according to which body part (or parts) are targeted, but general symptom
Answer thisWhat causeAbout 1 - 2% of the population may have BDD, with men and women equally affected.BDD us
Answer thisWhen to seIf you suspect you have BDD, see your doctor or a mental health professional.
Answer thisHow often Primary bone cancer is rare. It accounts for much less than 1 percent of all cancers. About 2,3
Answer thisWhat are tPain is the most common symptom of bone cancer, but not all bone cancers cause pain (1). Pe
Answer thisWhat causeAlthough bone cancer does not have a clearly defined cause, researchers have identified seve
Answer thisAre clinica Yes. Participation in clinical trials is an important treatment option for many people with bone
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with BPD are often uncertain about their identity. As a result, their interests and value
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are unknown. Genetic, family, and social f
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for BPD include:Abandonment in childhood or adolescence Disrupted family life P
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child has symptoms of borderline personality diso
Answer thisWhat to exp The outlook depends on how severe the condition is and whether the person is willing to acce
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include fever and headache, but the distinguishing characteristic of this diseas
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor immediately if you or someone in your family develops severe chest pain.
Answer thisWhat to exThe illness lasts about a week and is rarely fatal. Relapses during the weeks following the initia
Answer thisWhat are sSymptoms usually appear 8 - 36 hours after consuming contaminated food. There is NO fever
Answer thisWhat causeClostridium botulinum is found in soil and untreated water throughout the world. It produces
Answer thisWho is at hInfants are especially vulnerable to botulism. If you utilize home canning methods you, too, m
Answer thisWhen to seBotulism can be life-threatening if left untreated. Contact your doctor immediately if you susp
Answer thisWhat to exp Prompt treatment significantly reduces the risk of death.
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of a bowel obstruction include:Abdominal distention Abdominal fullness, gaseo
Answer thisWhat causeObstruction of the bowel may due to:A mechanical cause, which simply means something is in
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if persistent abdominal distention develops and you are unable
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may develop slowly, over a period of 2 weeks, or they may develop suddenly. They
Answer thisWhat causeBrain abscesses commonly occur when bacteria or fungi infect part of the brain. Swelling and
Answer thisWho is at hThe following raise your risk of a brain abscess:A weakened immune system (such as in AIDS p
Answer thisWhen to seGo to a hospital emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have
Answer thisWhat to exp If untreated, a brain abscess is almost always deadly. With treatment, the death rate is about
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Brain herniation include:Coma Lack of energy and tiredness Cardiac arrest (no h
Answer thisWhat are tCauses of Brain herniation can include:Brain tumors Metastatic brain tumor Primary brain tum
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who have suffered a stroke or have a brain tumor are at a high risk of developing Brain
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 and seek medical treatment immediately if you suspect Brain herniation or you exper
Answer thisWhat to expBrain herniation is a severe condition that can cause stroke and may lead to impaired breathin
Answer thisWhat are tEarly brain tumor does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice
Answer thisWhat are tBrain tumors are classified depending on the exact site of the tumor, the type of tissue involve
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of brain tumor is related to several factors.R
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of brain tumor develop. If you experience either of
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of brain tumor depends on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be rem
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in size or shape of the
Answer thisWho is at hNo one knows the exact causes of breast cancer. Doctors often cannot explain why one woma
Answer thisWhen to seSee your health care provider about a breast change when you have:A lump in or near your br
Answer thisWhat to expSurvival rates for Breast Cancer80.4% of women with breast cancer survive after 5 years in the
Answer thisWhat causeLumps in a woman are often caused by fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas, and cysts.Fibrocys
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:The skin on your breast appears dimpled or wrinkled (like the peel of an ora
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of brief reactive psychosis may include the following:Disorganized behavior False id
Answer thisWhat causeBrief reactive psychosis is triggered by extreme stress (such as a traumatic accident or loss of
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with a mental health professional if you have symptoms of this disord
Answer thisWhat to expMost people with this disorder have a good outcome. Repeat episodes may occur in response
Answer thisWhat are tSome children have infections with few or minor symptoms.Bronchiolitis begins as a mild upp
Answer thisWhat causeBronchiolitis usually affects children under the age of 2, with a peak age of 3 - 6 months. It is a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider immediately, or go to the emergency room if the child with bro
Answer thisWhat to expUsually, the symptoms get better within a week, and breathing difficulty usually improves by t
Answer thisWhat are tAcute brucellosis may begin with mild flu -like symptoms, or symptoms such as:Abdominal pa
Answer thisWhat causeBrucella can infect cattle, goats, camels, dogs, and pigs. The bacteria can spread to humans if
Answer thisWho is at hPeople working in jobs where they often come in contact with animals or meat such as slaugh
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of brucellosi
Answer thisWhat to expRelapses may occur, and symptoms may continue for years. As with tuberculosis, the illness ca
Answer thisWhat are tClenching the teeth puts pressure on the muscles, tissues, and other structures around your ja
Answer thisWhat causePeople can clench and grind without being aware of it during both the day and night, although
Answer thisWhen to seThere is no recognized TMJ specialty in dentistry. See a dentist immediately if you are having t
Answer thisWhat to expBruxism is not a dangerous disorder. However, it can cause permanent damage to the teeth a
Answer thisWhat are tBubonic plague symptoms appear suddenly, usually after 2 - 5 days of exposure to the bacteri
Answer thisWhat causePlague is caused by the organism yersinia pestis. Rodents, such as rats, spread the disease to h
Answer thisWho is at hPeople can get the plague when they are bitten by a flea that carries the plague bacteria from
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop plague symptoms after exposure to fleas or rode
Answer thisWhat to expWithout treatment, about 50 - 90% of those with bubonic plague die. Almost all people with p
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Budd-Chiari syndrome include the following:Abdominal swelling or stretching Pa
Answer thisWhat causeHepatic vein obstruction prevents blood from flowing out of the liver and back to the heart. T
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of hepatic vein obstruction You are being
Answer thisWhat are tIn bulimia, eating binges may occur as often as several times a day for many months.People w
Answer thisWhat causeMany more women than men have bulimia. The disorder is most common in adolescent girls
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you (or your child) have symptoms o
Answer thisWhat to expBulimia is a long-term illness. Many people will still have some symptoms, even with treatmen
Answer thisWhat are tBurkitt lymphoma may first be noticed as a swelling of the lymph nodes (glands) in the neck, g
Answer thisWhat causeBurkitt lymphoma was first discovered in children in certain parts of Africa, but it also occurs i
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of Burkitt lymphoma.
Answer thisWhat to exMore than half of those with Burkitt lymphoma can be cured with intensive chemotherapy. Th
Answer thisWhat are tBursitis most typically occurs in the elbow, shoulder, or hip, although it can also occur in the h
Answer thisWhat causeA bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between a bone and other moving part
Answer thisWho is at hFactors that increase your risk for developing bursitis include:Middle age Diabetes Rheumatoi
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor to schedule and appointment if:Joint pain significantly interferes with your da
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook is generally very good for bursitis, although in rare cases your bursa may have to
Answer thisWhat are tChest tightness Cough WheezingSymptoms will get worse at the beginning of the work week,
Answer thisWhat causeBreathing in the dust produced by raw cotton can cause byssinosis. It is most common in peop
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who work in the textile industry are at risk due to their exposure to dust. Being expose
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of byssinosis.
Answer thisWhat to expSymptoms usually improve after stopping exposure to the dust. Continued exposure can lead
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms start 2 - 4 days after being exposed to the bacteria. They usually last 1 week, and m
Answer thisWhat are tCampylobacter enteritis is a common cause of intestinal infection. These bacteria are also one
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have diarrhea that continues for more than 1 week or com
Answer thisWhat are tGenital lesions on the penis Painless sore on penis (occasionally, the lesion may cause pain) Pe
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause is unknown.Smegma, a cheese-like, foul-smelling substance found under the
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of penis cancer develop.
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome can be good with early diagnosis and treatment. The 5-year survival rate for pen
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually start gradually, with pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist, ra
Answer thisWhat causeThe carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway of ligament and bones at the base of your hand tha
Answer thisWho is at hWomen are three times more likely to have carpal tunnel syndrome than men. Additionally, th
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You have symptoms of carpal tunnel
Answer thisWhat to exSymptoms often improve with treatment, but more than 50% of cases eventually require surg
Answer thisWhat are tA person who has had contact with a cat may show common symptoms, including:Bump (pap
Answer thisWhat causeCat scratch disease is caused by Bartonella henselae. The disease is spread through contact w
Answer thisWho is at hPeople having cats as pet at are higher risk of getting the disease.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have enlarged lymph nodes and a history of exposure to a
Answer thisWhat to expIn children with normal immune systems, full recovery without treatment is the norm. In imm
Answer thisWhat are tVisual problems may include the following changes:Cloudy, blurry, fuzzy, foggy, or filmy vision
Answer thisWhat causeIn many cases, the cause of cataract development is unknown. Adult cataracts usually develop
Answer thisWho is at hThe risk of cataract increases as you get older. Other risk factors for cataract include:Certain d
Answer thisWhat to expVision may not improve to 20/20 after cataract surgery if other eye diseases, such as macular
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of celiac disease vary from person to person. Symptoms may occur in the digestive
Answer thisWhat Cause Celiac disease may be due to the following causes:Gluten allergy Inflammation of the bowel ti
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with celiac disease tend to have other diseases, in which the immune system attacks th
Answer thisWhere to fiDirections to Hospitals Treating Celiac Disease
Answer thisWhat to expCeliac disease is an incurable and chronic condition. Symptomatic onset may occur at any poin
Answer thisWhat are tConfusion, delirium Balance problems Difficulty swallowing Hallucinations Reduced alertness,
Answer thisWhat causeThe destruction of the myelin sheath that covers nerve cells prevents signals from being prope
Answer thisWho is at hRisks include:Alcoholism Liver disease Malnutrition from serious illnesses
Answer thisWhen to seThere is no real guideline on when to seek medical attention, because this condition is rare in
Answer thisWhat to expThe nerve damage caused by central pontine myelinolysis is usually long-lasting.The disorder
Answer thisWhat are tAlthough the condition is present at birth, symptoms may occur at any age. Hemorrhages occu
Answer thisWhat are tThe cause of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is unknown. The condition occurs w
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:Num
Answer thisWhat to exAbout 10% of cases in which excess bleeding (hemorrhage) is the first symptom are deadly. So
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common symptoms of cerebral venous thrombosis are- headache, subacute in natu
Answer thisWhat cause- multiple pregnancies,- untreated inflammatory conditions- infections and injuries of the cen
Answer thisWho is at h- surgery- trauma- pregnancy- puerperium- antiphospholipid syndrome- cancer- exogenous ho
Answer thisWhat to expComparing to other types of stroke, the prognosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is mor
Answer thisWhat are tEarly cervical cancers usually do not cause symptoms. When cancer grows larger, women may
Answer thisWho is at hStudies have found a number of factors that may increase the risk of cervical cancer, infection
Answer thisWhen to seYou should start getting regular Pap test s at age 21, or within three years of the first time you
Answer thisWhat to expIt's important for you to take care of yourself by eating well and staying as active as you can d
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal vaginal bleeding After intercourse After menopause Between periods Unusual vagin
Answer thisWhat causesCervicitis is most often caused by an infection, usually caught during sexual activity. Sexually t
Answer thisWho is at hiCervicitis is very common, affecting more than half of all women at some point during their ad
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of cervicitis.
Answer thisWhat to expSimple cervicitis usually heals with treatment if the cause is found and there is a treatment fo
Answer thisWhat causeChancroid is caused by a bacterium called Haemophilus ducreyi. H. ducreyi is usually found in
Answer thisWhat are tPatients can develop chancroid more than once on subsequent exposures to H. ducreyi. Symp
Answer thisWhat are tAcute:Air hunger (feeling that you cannot get enough air) Cough Difficulty breathing Possibly w
Answer thisWhat causeMany household and industrial chemicals are capable of producing both an acute and a chron
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have trouble breathing after inhaling (or possibly inhaling
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on the chemical agent involved, the severity of exposure, and whether
Answer thisWhat are tMost children with chickenpox have the following symptoms before the rash appears: Fever H
Answer thisWhat causeIn children, chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus of Herpes virus family. The same
Answer thisWho is at hAs chickenpox is contagious, anyone in close proximity to someone with the disease is at risk.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider or visit your nearest hospital if you think that your child has chic
Answer thisWhat to exUsually, a person recovers without complications.Once you have had chickenpox, the virus us
Answer thisWhat are tMost people infected with Chikungunya virus will develop some symptoms. Symptoms usually
Answer thisWhat causChikungunya virus is transmitted to people through mosquito bites. Mosquitoes become infec
Answer thisWho is at hPeople at risk for more severe disease include newborns infected around the time of birth, old
Answer thisWhen to seSee your doctor if you develop any of the following symptoms:Fever persisting for more than
Answer thisWhat to exOften symptoms in infected individuals are mild and the infection may go unrecognized, or be
Answer thisWhat are tDelay or lack of spoken language Impairment in nonverbal behaviors Inability to start or maint
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of childhood disintegrative disorder is unknown, but it has been linked to brain and
Answer thisWhen to seCall your provider if your child has any delays in development or starts to lose developmental
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook for this disorder is poor.Most children with the condition have an impairment sim
Answer thisWhat are tAs many as 1 in 4 men with chlamydia have no symptoms. In men, chlamydia may produce sym
Answer thisWho is at hChlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Sexually acti
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of chlamydia.Because many people with
Answer thisWhat are tEarly cholangiocarcinoma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people ma
Answer thisWhat causeCancerous tumors of the bile ducts are usually slow-growing and do not spread (metastasize)
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of cholangiocarcinoma is related to several f
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma develop. If you experience e
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma is not good and it depends on the following:The location
Answer thisWhat are tThe following symptoms may occur:Abdominal painIn the right upper side or middle of the up
Answer thisWhat causeCholangitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, which can occur when the duct is blocked
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:Previous history of gallstones Sclerosing cholangitis HIV Narrowing of the
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of cholangitis.
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually good with treatment, but poor without it.
Answer thisWhat are tThe following is a list of symptoms commonly associated with people who have developed ch
Answer thisWhat are tCholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The bacteria releases a toxin that causes i
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for the development of cholera include:Exposure to contaminated or untreated d
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop severe watery diarrhea You have signs of dehydr
Answer thisWhat to expSevere dehydration can cause death. Given adequate fluids, most people will make a full reco
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Cholestasis may include:Clay-colored or white stools Dark urine Inability to diges
Answer thisWhat causeThere are many causes of cholestasis.Extrahepatic cholestasis occurs outside the liver. It can b
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have:Persistent itching Yellow skin or eyes Other symptom
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a person does depends on the disease causing the condition. Stones in the common
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms include a small amount of bone pain which is not related to activity, and some
Answer thisWhat causThe exact cause of chondroblastoma is not known.
Answer thisWho is at Chondroblastoma tends to occur in the teenage years, and occurs in boys more often than in g
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis for patient with chondrosarcoma is generally good. Chondrosarcoma may recur
Answer thisWhat are The symptoms of chondrosarcoma usually include pain and swelling in the area of the tumor.
Answer thisWhat causAlthough the actual exact cause of chondrosarcoma is not known, there is thought to be certa
Answer thisWho is at Chondrosarcoma may arise from pervious benign cartilage tumors. Some of these tumors are:
Answer thisWhat to exGrading and staging of the tumor by your doctor with the use of biopsy, can help to determine
Answer thisWhat are tA possible symptom is continued vaginal bleeding in a woman with a recent history of hydatid
Answer thisWhat causeChoriocarcinoma is an uncommon, but very often curable cancer associated with pregnancy.A
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms arise within 1 year after h
Answer thisWhat to exMost women whose cancer has not spread can be cured and will maintain reproductive functi
Answer thisWhat are thSymptoms of chronic prostatitis are similar to those of acute prostatitis but are not as severe.
Answer thisWhat causesChronic prostatitis is usually caused by a chronic bacterial infection of the prostate gland. It m
Answer thisWho is at hAge over 30 Certain sexual practices (such as anal sex without a condom) Excessive alcohol int
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of chronic prostatitis.
Answer thisWhat to expIt is common for symptoms to return.
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of either type of bronchitis may include:Chest discomfort Cough that produces
Answer thisWhat causeChronic bronchitis is a long-term condition. People have a cough that produces excessive muc
Answer thisWho is at hPeople at risk for acute bronchitis include:The elderly, infants, and young children Persons wit
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:You have a cough most days or you have a cough that returns frequently Yo
Answer thisWhat to expFor acute bronchitis, symptoms usually go away within 7 to 10 days if you do not have an und
Answer thisWhat are tAttacks of upper abdominal pain, often with nausea or vomiting Abdominal pain that is locate
Answer thisWhat causeChronic cholecystitis is usually caused by gallstones in the gallbladder. It is usually preceded b
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for chronic cholecystitis include:Gender: The disease occurs more often in women
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your healthcare provider if you develop any symptoms of cholec
Answer thisWhat to expGangrene (tissue death) of the gallbladder Cancer of the gallbladder (rarely) Jaundice Pancrea
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually get better after you go through menopause. If you take birth control pills, y
Answer thisWhat causesThe exact cause is not known. It is believed that hormones made in the ovaries can make a wo
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if:You find new or different lumps during your breast self examY
Answer thisWhat to expIf your breast exams and mammograms are normal, you do not need to worry about your sym
Answer thisWho is at hThe risk of serious complications from chronic diarrhea depends on the cause of the diarrhea
Answer thisHow are inInfections that can cause chronic diarrhea usually are spread by ingesting food or water or tou
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of CFS are similar to those of the flu and other common viral infections, and includ
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is unknown.Some theories suggest CFS may
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you experience persistent, severe fa
Answer thisWhat to expThe long-term outlook for patients with CFS varies and is difficult to predict when symptoms fi
Answer thisWhat are tEarly chronic lymphocytic leukemia does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger,
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is related t
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia develop. If you ex
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia depends on:The stage of chronic lymphocytic l
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include: cough with mucus, shortness of
Answer thisWhat causeSmoking is the leading cause of COPD. The more a person smokes, the more likely that person
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for COPD are:Exposure to certain gases or fumes in the workplace Exposure to he
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a rap
Answer thisWhat to expThis condition is a long-term (chronic) illness. The disease will get worse more quickly if one co
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Excessive blinking Grimaces of the face Quick movements of the arms, legs
Answer thisWhat causeAbout 1 to 2% of the population has chronic motor tic disorder.The condition is more common
Answer thisWhen to seThere is usually no need to see the health care provider for a tic unless it is severe or disrupts
Answer thisWhat to expChildren who develop this disorder between ages 6 and 8 usually do very well. Symptoms may
Answer thisWhat causeThere are no established causes for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. However, v
Answer thisWho is at hAny one can develop eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Studies shown, it occurs m
Answer thisWhen to seYou should see the doctor if you experience any of the following:Worsening asthma Severe br
Answer thisWhat to exWithout treatment, people with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis can die within a
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of depression include:Low or irritable mood most of the time A loss of pleasure in u
Answer thisWhat causeDepression often runs in families. This may be due to your genes (inherited), behaviors you le
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911, a suicide hotline, or go to a nearby emergency room if you have thoughts of harming
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms-Frequent, watery diarrhea (may be 3-4 in mild diseases and can go up to 15 in seve
Answer thisWhat causeMost people will never have any problems with C. diff, but in case the balance is hampered th
Answer thisWho is at hKids, immunocompromised patients are at highest risks
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if your symptoms begin after you started taking an antibiotic. Also call if you h
Answer thisWhat to expGenerally gets better with 48 hour of stopping antibiotics In severe cases metronidazole and v
Answer thisWhat are tMost people with this infection never have symptoms. Others may have cold- or flu -like symp
Answer thisWhat causeCoccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection most commonly seen in the desert regions of the sou
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with decreased immunity are at increased risks.
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of coccidioidom
Answer thisWhat to expHow well the person does depends on the form of the disease they have and their overall hea
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary from person to person, but may include:Trouble seeing colors and the brightn
Answer thisWhat causeColor blindness occurs when there is a problem with the color-sensing materials (pigments) in
Answer thisWho is at hMen are at a higher risk for color blindness than women. As color blindness is commonly inhe
Answer thisWhen to seColor blindness is not considered a medical emergency.However, make an appointment with
Answer thisWhat to expColor blindness is a life-long condition. Most persons are able to adjust without difficulty or di
Answer thisWhat are tEarly colorectal cancer does not make any symptoms. When the cancer grows larger, people w
Answer thisWho is at hThere are some factors may increase the risk of acquiring the colorectal cancer potentially. Th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of colorectal cancer develop. If one emerges the fo
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of colorectal cancer varies widely. For patients whose tumor is caught early ma
Answer thisWhat are Cold symptoms usually occur within 2-3 days after you came in contact with the virus, althoug
Answer thisWhat causIt is called “ common cold ” for good reason. There are over one billion colds in the United Sta
Answer thisWhen to seTry to treat your cold at home first. Call your doctor if:Breathing becomes difficult. Your symp
Answer thisWhat to exThe discharge of your runny nose will become thicker, may turn to yellow or green within a fe
Answer thisWho is at Common cold can effect people of all age, gender, and ethnic group.
Answer thisWhat are tThe key symptom is pain that:Is intense and burning, and is much stronger than would be exp
Answer thisWhat causeDoctors aren't sure what causes CRPS. In some cases, the sympathetic nervous system plays a
Answer thisWho is at hThis condition is more common in people ages 40 - 60, but it has been seen in younger people
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you develop constant, burning pain in an arm, leg, hand, o
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook is better with an early diagnosis. If the doctor diagnoses the condition within the
Answer thisWhat are tChildren with conduct disorder tend to be impulsive, hard to control, and not concerned abou
Answer thisWhat causeConduct disorder has been associated with:Child abuse Drug addiction or alcoholism in the pa
Answer thisWhen to seSee your health care provider if your child:Regularly gets in trouble Has mood swings Is bullyin
Answer thisWhat to expChildren who have severe or frequent symptoms tend to have the poorest outlook. Expectatio
Answer thisWhat are tSome babies with congenital hypothyroidism do not appear any signs at birth.Some may have
Answer thisWhat causeHypothyroidism in the newborn may be caused by:A missing or abnormally developed thyroid
Answer thisWho is at hMutations in the DUOX2, PAX8, SLC5A5, TG, TPO, TSHB, and TSHR genes result in congenital h
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You feel your infant shows signs or symptoms of hypothyroidi
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of congenital hypothyroidism depends on whether the baby starts thyroid hormone
Answer thisWhat are tIf you have this condition, you are more likely to develop blood clots. The symptoms are the s
Answer thisWhat causesCongenital protein C or S deficiency is an inherited disorder, which means it is passed down th
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of clotting in a vein (such as swelling and
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually good with treatment, but symptoms may return.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms in the infant may include:Cloudy corneas or white appearance to pupil Deafness De
Answer thisWhat causeCongenital rubella occurs when the rubella virus in the mother affects the developing baby at
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider:if you have concerns about congenital rubella, if you are unsure
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome for a child with congenital rubella depends on the severity of problems present.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms in newborns may include:Failure to gain weight or failure to thrive Fever Irritability
Answer thisWhat causeCongenital syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which is passed from mo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your baby has signs or symptoms of this condition.If you think
Answer thisWhat to expMany infants who were infected early in the pregnancy are stillborn.Treatment of the expecta
Answer thisWhat are tRedness (hyperaemia), irritation (chemosis) and watering (epiphora) of the eyes are symptom
Answer thisWhat causeConjunctivitis is most commonly caused by viruses, often adenovirus, but many other factors
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who are exposed to someone infected with the viral or bacterial form of conjunctivitis
Answer thisWhen to seUrgent medical care is not usually necessary for conjunctivitis. However, newborns with ophth
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually good with treatment. Conjunctivitis resolves, in 65% of cases, within 2
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of a conversion disorder include the loss of one or more bodily functions, such as:B
Answer thisWhat causeConversion disorder symptoms may occur because of a psychological conflict.Symptoms usua
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you or someone you know has symp
Answer thisWhat to expSymptoms usually last for days to weeks and may suddenly go away. Usually the symptom itse
Answer thisWhat are tCorneal ulcers are extremely painful due to nerve exposure, and can cause tearing and squinti
Answer thisWhat causeCorneal ulcers are most commonly caused by an infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi or para
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with poor eye hygiene and contact lens abusers (e.g. those who wear contact lenses o
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop impaired vision, severe light sensitivity, or eye pa
Answer thisWhat to expWith proper, prompt treatment, the outlook is very good. However, if left untreated, a cornea
Answer thisWhat are tInitial symptoms, which typically begin at or around age 60, may first appear on one side of th
Answer thisWhat to expCorticobasal degeneration usually progresses slowly over the course of 6 to 8 years.An individ
Answer thisWhat are tAn excess of amniotic fluid Increased birth weight Subsequent weight loss and a failure to thri
Answer thisWhat are tCostello syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, which means one copy of t
Answer thisWho is at hBecause Costello syndrome typically occurs as the result of a new mutation, family members a
Answer thisHow to knoDiagnosis of Costello syndrome is based on the presence of multiple, characteristic symptoms
Answer thisWhat are tEarly craniopharyngioma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, functions a
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause of craniopharyngioma is not clear at present. More studies need to done about it.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if there are any signs of increased intracranial pressure such as headache, nau
Answer thisWhat to exIn general as a benign tumor, the prognosis of craniopharyngioma is good. The outlook depen
Answer thisWhat are tAbsence of the normal feeling of a "soft spot" (fontanelle) on the newborn's skull Disappearan
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of craniosynostosis is unknown. Which suture is involved determines the abnormal
Answer thisWho is at hCraniosynostosis occurs more often in males than in females.Children affected by certain gene
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you think your child's head has an unusual shape. A referral to
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a person does depends on how many sutures are involved and whether other defec
Answer thisWhat are tRapidly developing delirium or dementia (over the course of a few weeks or months) Blurred
Answer thisWhat causeCJD is believed to result from a protein called a prion. A prion causes normal proteins to fold a
Answer thisWhen to seCJD is not a medical emergency, but early diagnosis and treatment may make the symptoms e
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually very poor. Within 6 months or less of the onset of symptoms, the pers
Answer thisWhat are tCry that is high-pitched and sounds like a cat Downward slant to the eyes Low birth weight an
Answer thisWhat are thCri du chat syndrome is rare. It happens when genetic information on chromosome 5 is missin
Answer thisHow to knoIn addition to symptoms listed above, the physical examination may show:Inguinal hernia Dias
Answer thisWhat to expWhat can be expected varies, but mental retardation is usual. Half of children with Cri du chat
Answer thisWhat are tConfusion and changes in thinking Yellow skin (jaundice) and yellow in the whites of the eyes
Answer thisWhat causeCrigler-Najjar syndrome is caused by an abnormal gene. The gene fails to make the enzyme th
Answer thisWho is at hThe syndrome runs in families (inherited). A child must get the defective gene from both pare
Answer thisHow to knoTests used to evaluate liver function include:Conjugated (bound) bilirubin Liver biopsy, enzym
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on what part of the gastrointestinal tract is affected. Symptoms range from
Answer thisWhat causeSeveral theories exist about what causes Crohn’s disease, but none have been proven. The hu
Answer thisWho is at hThe disease may occur at any age, but it usually occurs in people between ages 15 - 35. Risk fa
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You have symptoms of Crohn's disea
Answer thisWhat to exThere is no cure for Crohn's disease. The condition is marked by periods of improvement follo
Answer thisWhat are tCroup features a cough that sounds like a seal barking. Most children have what appears to be
Answer thisWhat causeViral croup is the most common. Other possible causes include bacteria, allergies, and inhaled
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with the following characteristics are at the highest risk for croup:Infants and children
Answer thisWhen to seMost croup can be safely managed at home with telephone support from your health care pro
Answer thisWhat to expCroup usually goes away in 3 to 7 days upon infection. Most symptoms will resolve by 1 to 2 d
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome vary, but most people with the disorder have:Upp
Answer thisWhat causeCushing’s syndrome occurs when the body’s tissues are exposed to high levels of cortisol for t
Answer thisWhat are tEpisodes of hypomania and mild depression occur for at least 2 years (1 or more years in child
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of cyclothymic disorder are unknown.Major depression, bipolar disorder, and cyclo
Answer thisWhen to seCall a mental health professional if you or a loved one has persistent alternating periods of de
Answer thisWhat to expLess than half of people with cyclothymic disorder will eventually develop bipolar disorder.In
Answer thisPrematurePer the Deletion review comment which you removed , to echo your comment, I'm not sure w
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of a cystitis (bladder infection) include:Cloudy or bloody urine, which may have
Answer thisWhat causeCystitis is caused by germs, usually bacteria that enter the urethra and then the bladder. Thes
Answer thisWho is at hiThe following increase your chances of developing cystitis:A tube called a urinary catheter ins
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of cystitis You have already been diagnos
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases of cystitis are uncomfortable, but go away without complications after treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of CMV can be:Sore throat Swollen lymph nodes:(lymph glands) Fever Headache Fa
Answer thisWhat causeCMV can get spread by body fluids, like saliva, blood, urine, semen (sexual contact) and breast
Answer thisWho is at hCytomegaloviral diseases are more common in people with weak immune system. Many peop
Answer thisWhen to seIf you think you have the symptoms, call your doctor.
Answer thisWhat to exIt depends on the immune level of the patient.
Answer thisWhat are tCytomegalovirus infection is a viral infection caused by cytomegalovirus. Infection with CMV i
Answer thisWhat are tDelirium involves a quick change between mental states (for example, from lethargy to agitati
Answer thisWhat causeDelirium is most often caused by physical or mental illness and is usually temporary and rever
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if there is a rapid change in mental status.
Answer thisWhat to expAcute conditions that cause delirium may occur with chronic disorders that cause dementia.A
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms most often occur within 72 hours after the last drink. However, they may occur up
Answer thisWhat causeDelirium tremens can occur when you stop drinking alcohol after a period of heavy drinking, e
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symp
Answer thisWhat to expDelirium tremens is serious and may be life threatening. Some symptoms may last for a year o
Answer thisWhat are tDementia symptoms include difficulty with many areas of mental function, including:Language
Answer thisWhat are tMost types of dementia are nonreversible (degenerative). Nonreversible means the changes i
Answer thisWho is at hDegenerative: This is the most common cause of dementia, named Alzheimer's disease. Strok
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of dementia gets worse.If the patient experiences
Answer thisWhat to exPeople with mild cognitive impairment do not always develop dementia. However, when dem
Answer thisWhat causeThe symptoms of DLB are caused by the build-up of Lewy bodies which are accumulated bits o
Answer thisWhat are tBrief episodes of confusion and orientation to time or place Mild memory problems Well defin
Answer thisWhat to exLike Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, DLB is a neuro-degenerative disorder that re
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with this disorder do not trust their own ability to make decisions. They may be very u
Answer thisWhat causeDependent personality disorder usually begins in childhood. The causes of this disorder are un
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider or a mental health professional if you o
Answer thisWhat to expImprovements are usually seen only with long-term therapy.
Answer thisWhat are tDepression can change the way teenagers see themselves, their lives, and the people around
Answer thisWhat causeDepression can be a response to many situations and stresses. In teenagers, depressed mood
Answer thisWhen to seThere are numbers you can call from anywhere in the United States, 24 hours a day, 7 days a w
Answer thisWhat to expDepression usually responds to treatment. Getting the right treatment as early as possible ma
Answer thisWhat are tMany of the usual symptoms of depression may be present in the elderly.Depression in the el
Answer thisWhat causeIn the elderly, a number of life changes can increase the risk for depression, or make existing d
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you feel persistently sad, worthless, or hopeless, or if you cry
Answer thisWhat to expDepression usually responds to treatment. If it is not detected, depression can lead to complic
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with DeQuervain's syndrome may experience the following symptoms:Pain: Pain at th
Answer thisWhat causeChronic overuse of your wrist i.e. activities like wringing out a cloth. Direct injury to your wrist
Answer thisWho is at The cause of DeQuervain's syndrome is the following:Overuse of the wrist, activities such as th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of DeQuervain's syndrome develop.
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of DeQuervain's syndrome is good. Many patients can recover after rest or physical
Answer thisWhat are tChildren with developmental coordination disorder have difficulties with motor coordination
Answer thisWhat causeAbout 6% of school-age children have some kind of developmental coordination disorder.Chil
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with a health care provider if you are concerned about your child's de
Answer thisWhat to exHow well a child does depends on the severity of the disorder. The disorder does not get wors
Answer thisWhat are tExcessive thirst and intake of fluids Excessive urination Bedwetting Waking up in the middle o
Answer thisWhat causeThere are 4 Types of Diabetes insipidusThe most common form of serious DI, central DI, result
Answer thisWho is at hNephrogenic diabetes insipidus presenting at or shortly after birth can have a genetic cause. It
Answer thisWhen to seTell your doctor if you are experiencing any of the symptoms associated with diabetes insipidu
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on the underlying disorder. If treated, diabetes insipidus does not caus
Answer thisWhat are tThe same symptoms of all kinds of causes may be consciousness disorders.
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause may severe diabetic hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar nonketoti
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone who has diabetes is at risk of a diabetic coma.
Answer thisWhen to seIt is an urgent condition that needs to go to the emergency department as soon as possible.
Answer thisWhat to expLeft untreated, a diabetic coma can be fatal. Prognosis of diabetic coma depends on whether
Answer thisWhat are tComa Confusion Convulsions Fever Increased thirst Increased urination (at the beginning of th
Answer thisWhat causeDiabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome is a condition of:Extremely high blood sugar (
Answer thisWho is at Risk factors include:A stressful event such as infection, heart attack, stroke, or recent surgery
Answer thisWhen to seThis condition is a medical emergency. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency
Answer thisWhat to exPatients who develop this syndrome are often already ill. The death rate with this condition is
Answer thisWhat are tThe following signs and symptoms are indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis:Shortness of breath
Answer thisWhat causeSugar which is the main source of energy for cells, needs insulin to enter inside the cells. Whe
Answer thisWho is at hFor patients with type 1 diabetes, stresses such as infection, trauma, heart attack, surgery or m
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis develop. If you experience
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of diabetic ketoacidosis depends on:Whether the patient is diagnised or treated in ti
Answer thisWhat are tMost people who are infected have no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they may include:Ab
Answer thisWhat causeThe fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum), is the largest parasite that infects humans. Hum
Answer thisWho is at hDiphyllobothrium infection generally occurs in the Northern Hemisphere (Europe, newly inde
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have noticed a worm or segments of a worm in your stoo
Answer thisWhat to expFish tapeworms can be removed with a single treatment dose. There are no lasting effects.
Answer thisWhat are tKnee appears to be deformed Knee is bent and cannot straighten Knee pain and / or knee swe
Answer thisWhat causeA dislocated patella is often caused by a sudden change in direction which puts the kneecap u
Answer thisWho is at hMainly, the people at highest risk of dislocation of the patella are people with "sloppy" or "hyp
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek urgent medical care if you have dislocated your knee multiple times, or if you
Answer thisWhat to expIf you have dislocated your knee, then there's always the possibility that it could pop out or di
Answer thisWhat are tErrors in grammar and punctuation Poor handwriting Poor spelling
Answer thisWhat causeAlthough no studies have been conducted to determine how common this disorder is, it is tho
Answer thisWhen to seParents who are concerned about their child's language ability should have their child tested b
Answer thisWhat to expThe degree of recovery depends on the severity of the disorder.Marked improvement is often
Answer thisWhat are tActive behavior, but in an aimless and not constructive way Bizarre and inappropriate emotion
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is unknown. This type of schizophrenia usually begins before age 25.
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain, usually in the left lower abdomen but can be anywhere Chills Fever Nausea V
Answer thisWhat are thAlthough not proven, the dominant theory is that a low-fiber diet causes diverticular disease.
Answer thisWho is at riRisk factors for diverticulosis may include older age or a low-fiber diet.
Answer thisHow to knoTo diagnose diverticular disease, the doctor asks about medical history, does a physical exam,
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms can occur 1 to 12 weeks after coming in contact with the bacteria that cause the di
Answer thisWhat causeDonovanosis (granuloma inguinale) is caused by the bacteria Klebsiella granulomatis. The dise
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if: You have had sexual contact with a
Answer thisWhat to exTreating this disease early decreases the chances of tissue damage or scarring. Untreated dise
Answer thisWhat are tDark urine Fatigue Pale skin color Rapid heart rate Shortness of breath Yellow skin color (jaun
Answer thisWhat causeIn some cases, a drug can cause the immune system to mistakenly think your own red blood c
Answer thisWhen to seSee your health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition.
Answer thisWhat to exMost patients have a good outcome if they stop taking the drug that is causing the problem.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of drug-induced lupus erythematosus always occur after taking the drug for at leas
Answer thisWhat causeDrug-induced lupus erythematosus is caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to a medication. Se
Answer thisWho is at hThe major risk factor for developing drug-induced lupus is chronic, long-term use of a drug kn
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of drug-induced lupus erythematosus is better than systemic lupus erythemathosus
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually appear before age 6 and may appear as early as infancy. They may include:
Answer thisWhat causeDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a rapidly-worsening form of muscular dystrophy. Other musc
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Your child has symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Sy
Answer thisWhat to exDuchenne muscular dystrophy leads to quickly worsening disability.Death usually occurs by ag
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms vary widely. Some patients do not have any symptoms. Some may experi
Answer thisWhat causeThere are many things that can cause duodenitis.High acid secretion, such as Zollinger-Ellison
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of duodenitis develop. If you experience either of t
Answer thisWhat to expGeneral speaking, the prognosis of duodenitis is good. The rehabilitation time of the lining of t
Answer thisWhat are tEarly difficulties with arithmetic are noticed, as well as low scores in math classes and testsSom
Answer thisWhat causeChildren who have mathematics disorder may have trouble performing simple mathematical e
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have any concerns about your ch
Answer thisWhat to expEarly intervention improves the chances of a better outcome.
Answer thisWhat are tA woman with dysfunctional uterine bleeding may notice the following changes in her menstr
Answer thisWhat causeThe menstrual cycle, or period, is not the same for every woman. On average, menstrual flow
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have unusual vaginal bleeding.
Answer thisWhat to expHormone therapy usually relieves symptoms.As long as there is no problem with anemia (low
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if:Vaginal discharge is increased in amount or is foul-smelling. You
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom of dysthymia is a low, dark, or sad mood on most days for at least 2 years.
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of dysthymia is unknown. It tends to run in families. Dysthymia occurs more o
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You regularly feel depressed or low Y
Answer thisWhat to exDysthymia is a chronic condition that lasts many years. Though some people completely recov
Answer thisWhat are tDystonia can affect many different parts of the body.Symptoms may include:deterioration in h
Answer thisWhat causeIt is not exactly clear what causes dystonias. There are two types of dystonia: acquired dyston
Answer thisWho is at hDifferent dystonias are caused by different factors. Those who have a family history of idiopat
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor is you are having any type of involuntary muscle contractions, even if they are
Answer thisWhat to expThe initial symptoms can be very mild and may be noticeable only after prolonged exertion, st
Answer thisWhat causeEbola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola fever) is caused by a virus belonging to the family called Filovi
Answer thisHow does E bola virus is able to infect someone by the following mechanism:Ebola is introduced into the
Answer thisWhat are tDuring the incubation period, which can last from 2 to 21 days, symptoms may include:Sudde
Answer thisWho is at hPersons at an increased risk for Ebola include:Travelers to an area of the world where Ebola o
Answer thisWhen to seA person should seek urgent medical care when:Has traveled to Africa Has been in an area kn
Answer thisWhat to expAs many as 90% of patients die from the disease. Patients usually die from shock rather than b
Answer thisWhat are tA liver cyst may produce no symptoms for 10 - 20 years until it is large enough to be felt by ph
Answer thisWhat causeEchinococcus is common in:Africa Central Asia Southern South America The Mediterranean Th
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include being exposed to:Cattle Deer Feces of dogs, wolves, or coyotes Pigs Sheep
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of this disorder.
Answer thisWhat to expIf the cysts respond to oral medication, the likely outcome is good.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of eclampsia include:Muscle aches and pains Seizures Severe agitation Unconsciou
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of eclampsia is not well understood. Researchers believe the following may play a r
Answer thisWho is at hWomen at high risk for seizures have severe preeclampsia and:Abnormal blood tests Headach
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider or go to the emergency room if you have any symptoms of ecla
Answer thisWhat to expWomen in the United States rarely die from eclampsia.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Abnormal vaginal bleeding Amenorrhea Breast tenderness Low back pain M
Answer thisWhat causeAn ectopic pregnancy occurs when a pregnancy starts outside the womb (uterus). The most co
Answer thisWho is at hThe following may also increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy:Age over 35 Having had many se
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have symptoms of ectopic pregnancy (especially lower abdominal pain or abnormal vag
Answer thisWhat to expOne-third of women who have had one ectopic pregnancy are later able to have a baby. A rep
Answer thisWhat are tClenched hands Crossed legs (preferred position) Feet with a rounded bottom (rocker-bottom
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider and genetic counselor if you have had a child with Trisomy 18 a
Answer thisWhat to exFifty percent of infants with this condition do not survive beyond the first week of life. Some c
Answer thisWhat are Symptoms include shortness of breath on exertion, and an expanded chest. Signs of emphyse
Answer thisWhat causThe most common cause is cigarette smoking.
Answer thisWho is at Patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD) are more likely to suffer from emphysema
Answer thisWhen to sePatients who think they may have contracted the disease are recommended to seek medical a
Answer thisWhat to exEmphysema is an irreversible degenerative condition, but its progression can be slowed if the
Answer thisWhat are tOften, there are no symptoms or loss of pituitary function.Patients with empty sella syndrome
Answer thisWhat causeThe pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain. It sits in a saddle-like comp
Answer thisWho is at hEmpty sella syndrome may be seen in a condition called pseudotumor cerebri. This is a conditi
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you develop symptoms of abnormal pituitary function, su
Answer thisWhat to exPrimary empty sella syndrome does not cause health problems, and it does not affect life expe
Answer thisWhat are Chest pain, which worsens when you breathe in deeply (pleurisy) Dry cough Excessive sweatin
Answer thisWhat causEmpyema is usually caused by an infection that spreads from the lung. It leads to a buildup of
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of empyema.
Answer thisWhat to exWhen empyema complicates pneumonia, the risk of permanent lung damage and death goes
Answer thisWhat are tSome patients may have symptoms of a cold or stomach infection before encephalitis sympto
Answer thisWhat causeEncephalitis is a rare condition. It occurs more often in the first year of life and decreases with
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:Sudd
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies. Some cases are mild and short, and the person fully recovers. Other case
Answer thisWhat are tInability to retain feces (bowel incontinence) Passing stool in inappropriate places (generally i
Answer thisWhat causeEncopresis is frequently associated with constipation and fecal impaction. Often, hard fecal m
Answer thisWho is at hThe following may increase the risk for encopresis:Being male Chronic constipation Low socio
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if this behavior is noted in a child over
Answer thisWhat to expMost children respond to treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of endodermal sinus tumor include abdominal distention, acute/sub acute abd
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is good with treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tPossible signs of endometrial cancer include unusual vaginal discharge, pain in the pelvis, blee
Answer thisWho is at hEndometrial cancer usually occurs in women after menopause, and affects more white wome
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have abnormal vaginal bleeding
Answer thisWhat to expEndometrial cancer is usually diagnosed at an early stage. The 1-year survival rate is about 92%
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal distention or swelling Abnormal vaginal bleeding Abnormal vaginal discharge Disco
Answer thisWhat causeEndometritis is caused by infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, or mixtures o
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of endometritis.
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases of endometritis go away with antibiotics.Untreated endometritis can lead to more
Answer thisWhat are tItching around the anus Difficulty sleeping due to the itching that occurs during the night Irrita
Answer thisWhat causeEnterobiasis is caused by pinworms. Pinworms are the most common worm infection in the U
Answer thisWho is at hChildren are at increased risk of having pinworm
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You or your child has symptoms of p
Answer thisWhat to expPinworm infection is fully treatable.
Answer thisWhat are tSome of the symptoms of EATL include: Abdominal pain Diarrhea Unexpected weight loss Skin
Answer thisWhat causeThere aren't sufficient studies regarding causes of Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, in
Answer thisWho is at hEnteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma type I is more common among those diagnosed with
Answer thisWhen to sePatients who suffer from malabsorption, unintentional weight loss, diarrhea, fever, night swea
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is very poor and the tumor is very aggressive in nature.
Answer thisWhat are tMost people who are infected with enterovirus 68 only develop mild disease. Symptoms may
Answer thisWhat are tEnterovirus 68, or HEV-D68, is the organism responsible for Enterovirus 68 infection.The ente
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone can get infected with enterovirus 68. But infants, children, and teenagers are more lik
Answer thisWhen to seIf you are concerned about your symptoms or those of a family member, you should consider
Answer thisWhere to FDirections to Hospitals Treating Enterovirus 68 Infection
Answer thisWhat to expMost persons with enterovirus 68 infection recover fully without any long-term health proble
Answer thisWhat are Symptoms of ependymoma include:Headache Nausea Vomiting Blurry or double vision Drows
Answer thisWhat causThere are no established causes for ependymoma.
Answer thisWho is at Children with certain hereditary diseases, such as neurofibromatosis type II (NF2), Turcot synd
Answer thisWhat are tEpididymoorchitis may begin with a low-grade fever, chills, and a heavy sensation in the testic
Answer thisWhat causeIsolated epididymitis is usually caused by the spread of a bacterial infection from the urethra o
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for sexually transmitted epididymoorchitis include:High-risk sexual behaviors Mul
Answer thisWhen to seAll testicle abnormalities should be medically evaluated. Call the local emergency number (suc
Answer thisWhat to expGetting the right diagnosis and treatment for epididymoorchitis caused by bacteria can usually
Answer thisWhat are tA health care provider should be consulted for any head injury that results in even a brief loss
Answer thisWhat causAn extradural hemorrhage is often caused by a skull fracture during childhood or adolescence
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call 911 if symptoms of extradural hemorrhage occur.Spinal inju
Answer thisWhat to exAn extradural hemorrhage has a high risk of death without prompt surgical intervention. Even
Answer thisWhat are tEpiglottitis begins with a high fever and sore throat. Other symptoms may include:Abnormal b
Answer thisWhat causesEpiglottitis is a life-threatening disease. The epiglottis is a piece of cartilage at the back of the
Answer thisWho is at hiSince epiglottitis is contagious, anyone around a person with epiglottitis is at risk.
Answer thisWhen to seeCall the local emergency number (such as 911) if your child has symptoms of epiglottitis, inclu
Answer thisWhat to expEpiglottitis can be a life-threatening emergency. However, with proper treatment, the outcom
Answer thisWhat are thBecause there are so many types of E. coli, you can become infected and show symptoms man
Answer thisWhat causesThe main bacteria that cause gastroenteritis used to be called Escherichia coli (E. coli). Althoug
Answer thisWhat are tEarly stages of esophageal cancer do not display any recognizable symptoms. As the malignan
Answer thisWhat causeEsophageal cancer is not very common in the United States. It occurs most often in men over
Answer thisWho is at hStudies have found a number of factors that may increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Thes
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of esophageal cancer develop. If you are experienc
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of esophageal cancer depends on the following:The size and location of the tum
Answer thisWhat are tEsophageal candidiasis causes difficult and painful swallowing especially in patients whom imm
Answer thisWhat causeEsophageal candidiasis is caused by forms of a fungus called Candida. A small amount of this f
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who have HIV or who had organ transplant are at highest risk of having esophageal can
Answer thisWhat to expEsophageal candidiasis usually responds to antifungal treatment but due to decreased immun
Answer thisWhat are tThe infection or irritation may cause the esophagus to become inflamed. Ulcers may form. Sym
Answer thisWhat causeEsophagitis is frequently caused by the backflow of acid-containing fluid from the stomach to
Answer thisWho is at hThe following increase your risk of esophagitis:Alcohol use Cigarette smoking Surgery or radia
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of esophagitis.
Answer thisWhat to expThe disorders that cause esophagitis usually respond to treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include any of the following:Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, respirato
Answer thisWhat causePrimary thrombocythemia is caused by the overproduction of platelets. If untreated, this cond
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have unexplained bleeding that continues longer than it s
Answer thisWhat to expWhile outcomes can vary, most people can go for long periods without complications and hav
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of carriers are as follows:Breathlessness Feeling faint Shooting pains Faster heart r
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Evans syndrome develop.
Answer thisWhat are Soaking night sweats Swollen, painless lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin Unexplained
Answer thisWhat causNon-Hodgkin lymphomas begin when a type of white blood cell, called a T cell or B cell, becom
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factor is anything that changes your chance of getting a disease like cancer. Different canc
Answer thisWhat are tDamaged nerve leads to facial muscle paralysis. Patients with facial nerve paralysis may show
Answer thisWho is at hTrauma: such as skull base fractures, facial injuries, or surgical trauma. Nervous system diseas
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you find any signs of facial nerve paralysis. Early treatment is
Answer thisWhat to expThe pragnosis of facial nerve paralysis varies from person to person. It depends on:The underl
Answer thisWhat are tInfants or children who fail to thrive have a height, weight, and head circumference that do no
Answer thisWhat causesInfants or children that fail to thrive seem to be dramatically smaller or shorter than other chi
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if your child does not seem to be deve
Answer thisWhat to expIf the period of failure to thrive has been short, and the cause is determined and can be corre
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually begin between the ages of 5 and 15. Inflammation in the lining of the abdo
Answer thisWhat are tFamilial Mediterranean fever is most often caused by a mutation in the MEFV gene. This gene
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child develop symptoms of this condition.
Answer thisWhat to expThere is no known cure for familial Mediterranean fever. Most people continue to have attack
Answer thisWhat are tThere is usually a latent period of 24 to 72 hours between injury and onset. The onset is then
Answer thisWho is at Blunt trauma Acute pancreatitis Diabetes mellitus Burns Fractures Joint reconstruction Liposu
Answer thisWhen to seFat embolism syndrome is a severe condition. The onset is sudden. If you experience blunt tra
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of fat embolism syndrome depends on:Underlying medical problems Patient's gene
Answer thisWhat are tThere are usually no symptoms that are noticeable to the patient with fatty liver. They often le
Answer thisWho is at riOverweight (body mass index of 25-30) Obesity Diabetes High triglycerides Alcohol abuse Rap
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if symptoms of fatty liver develop.
Answer thisWhat to expSteatosis may be reversible with weight loss and/or stopping alcohol abuse. The prognosis of
Answer thisWhat are tA baby with fetal alcohol syndrome may have the following symptoms:Poor growth while the
Answer thisWhat causeUsing or abusing alcohol during pregnancy can cause the same risks as using alcohol in genera
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you are drinking alcohol regularly or
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome for infants with fetal alcohol syndrome varies depending on the extent of sympt
Answer thisWhat are tSome women with fibroids have no symptoms, or have only mild symptom s, while other wom
Answer thisWhat Cause The exact cause of these tumors is unknown. Mutations in FOXL2, DICER1, STK11 are involved
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of fibroma s is related to several factors. It is
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of fibroma develop. If you experience either of the
Answer thisHow are fi Treatment depends on fibroid size, symptoms, and other factors. Asymptomatic fibroids may
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Treating Ovarian cancer
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of fibroma depends on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be remove
Answer thisWhat are tCharacteristic red cheeks Red, lacy rash, often found on arms and legs Arthritis in older patien
Answer thisWhat causeFifth disease is caused by infection with human parvovirus B19. This virus infects only humans
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone can get Fifth disease. Once anyone has had it, they become immunized against the vir
Answer thisWhen to seFifth disease is usually a mild illness that resolves on its own among children and adults who a
Answer thisWhat to expPatient generally recover fully from the illness.
Answer thisWhat are tIt can be asymptomatic. Elephantiasis (frequently in the lower extremities) Scrotal swelling Co
Answer thisWhat causesFilariasis is caused by parasitic organisms called nematodes or round worms. They include:Bru
Answer thisWho is at hiRepeated mosquito bites over several months to years are needed to get lymphatic filariasis. P
Answer thisWhen to seeYou should seek medical care when you experience the symptoms of the filariasis as: Filarial f
Answer thisWhat to expEarly cases has good prognosis. Disease can leave an individual severely disabled with genital
Answer thisWhat are tFolic acid deficiency may cause:Diarrhea Gray hair Mouth ulcers Peptic ulcer Poor growth Swo
Answer thisWhat causeFolic acid works along with vitamin B12 and vitamin C to help the body break down, use, and c
Answer thisWhat are tEarly follicular thyroid cancer does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people
Answer thisWhat causesPeople who have had radiation therapy to the neck are at higher risk. People who received ra
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data have suggested that the development of follicular thyroid cancer is related to sev
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if symptoms of thyroid cancer develop.
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of follicular thyroid cancer depends on the following:The stage of the cancer: th
Answer thisWhat are tThe incubation period for foot-and-mouth disease virus has a range between 2 and 12 days.Th
Answer thisWhat causeHumans can be infected with foot-and-mouth disease through contact with infected animals,
Answer thisWhat are tAs gallstones move into the bile ducts and create blockage, pressure increases in the gallbladd
Answer thisWho is at hPeople at risk for gallstones include:Women—especially women who are pregnant, use hormo
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek urgent medical care if you experience any of the above symptoms associated
Answer thisWhat to expGallstones develop in many people without causing symptoms. The chance of symptoms or co
Answer thisWhat are tGas gangrene causes very painful swelling. The skin turns pale to brownish-red. If you press on
Answer thisWhat causeGas gangrene is rare in the United States. The condition is most often caused by a bacteria cal
Answer thisWhen to seThis is an emergency condition requiring immediate medical attention.Call your heath care pr
Answer thisWhat to exGas gangrene usually begins suddenly and quickly gets worse. It is often deadly.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of gastroenteritis include:Abdominal pain Diarrhea Fever and chills Headache Vom
Answer thisWhat causeViral gastroenteritis is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in both adults and children. Many typ
Answer thisWho is at hGastroenteritis can occur in any age group and is seen frequently in both children and adults.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if diarrhea persists for more than several days or if dehydration
Answer thisWhat to expMost infections will go away on their own. Children may become severely ill from dehydration
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms can vary by age, and are affected by the person's social environment. They may inc
Answer thisWhat causePeople with gender identity disorder may act and present themselves as members of the opp
Answer thisWhen to seMake an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder an
Answer thisWhat to expDiagnosing and treating this disorder early can lead to a better outcome.
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is the constant presence of worry or tension, even when there is little or n
Answer thisWhat causeGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common condition. Genes may play a role. Stress may
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you constantly worry and feel anxious and it interferes with y
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a person does depends on the severity of the condition. GAD may continue and be d
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is the constant presence of worry or tension, even when there is little or n
Answer thisWhat causeGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common condition. Genes may play a role. Stress may
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you constantly worry and feel anxious and it interferes with y
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a person does depends on the severity of the condition. GAD may continue and be d
Answer thisWhat are tGiardia infection can cause a variety of intestinal symptoms, which include:Dehydration Diarrh
Answer thisWhat are thGiardiasis outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries w
Answer thisWho is at hThough giardiasis is commonly thought of as a camping or backpacking-related disease and is
Answer thisWhat are tFatigue Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (mild jaundice)Note: Jaundice typically ap
Answer thisWho is at hGilbert's syndrome affects up to 10% of people in some Caucasian populations. The condition
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have jaundice or persistent abdominal pain.
Answer thisWhat to exJaundice may come and go throughout your life, especially during illnesses such as colds. How
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include any of the following:Heavy bleeding during and after surgery Bleeding
Answer thisWhat causeGlanzmann disease is caused by the lack of a protein that is normally on the surface of platele
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have bleeding or bruising of an unknown cause Bleeding
Answer thisWhat to exGlanzmann disease is a lifelong condition, and there is no cure. You should take special steps t
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia varies from a minor bruise to a life-threatening he
Answer thisWhat causeIn the hereditary type of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia GPIIb/IIIa (ITG αIIbβ3) is qualitative or q
Answer thisWho is at Common risk factors that increase autoantibodies production in acquired Glanzmann thromba
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have a chronic disorder and you
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is generally excellent with good supportive care and the mortality rate of patients w
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of glaucoma vary greatly, depending on the type of disease present.Open-angle gla
Answer thisWhat causThe four major types of glaucoma have their own unique causes. However, before reviewing t
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone can develop glaucoma, however some people are at higher risk than others. The most
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have severe eye pain or a sudden loss of vision, especially
Answer thisWhat to exUntreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field l
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of glomerulonephritis are:Blood in the urine (dark, rust-colored, or brown
Answer thisWhat are tGlomerulonephritis may be caused by problems with the body's immune system. Often, the e
Answer thisWho is at hThe following may increase your risk of this condition:Blood or lymphatic system disorders Exp
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have a condition that increases your risk of glomerulonep
Answer thisWhat to expGlomerulonephritis may be temporary and reversible, or it may get worse. Progressive glome
Answer thisWhat are tPersons with this condition do not display any signs of the disease until their red blood cells ar
Answer thisWhat causeG6PD deficiency occurs when a person is missing or doesn't have enough of an enzyme called
Answer thisWho is at You are more likely to develop this condition if you:Are African American Are of Middle Easter
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition
Answer thisWhat to exSpontaneous recovery from a hemolytic episode is the usual outcome.
Answer thisWhat are tNot all goiters cause signs and symptoms. When symptoms do occur they may include:A visibl
Answer thisWho is at hGoiters can affect anyone. Some common risk factors for goiter include:A lack of dietary iodin
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder. Follow the health care pr
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of goitre depends on the causes of the disease. The outcome of goitre caused by th
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of gout may be sudden and usually start at night.Sudden onset of a hot, red, sw
Answer thisWho is at hHypertension Diabetes Hypercholesterolemia Overweight Alcohol abuse Foods that are rich in
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have gout attacks, go to see your doctor as soon as possible. Early treatment may reliev
Answer thisWhat to expGenerally, the prognpsis of gout is good. It depends on:Whether the patient is treated early W
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of granulocytic sarcoma may include violaceous, raised, nontender plaques or nod
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of granulocytic sarcoma is poor.
Answer thisWhat are tAnxiety Breast enlargement in men Difficulty concentrating Double vision Eyeballs that stick o
Answer thisWhat causeThe thyroid gland is an important organ of the endocrine system. It is located in the front of th
Answer thisWho is at hScientists don’t know exactly why some people develop Graves’ disease, but they believe fact
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of Graves disease. Also call if your eye pro
Answer thisWhat are tAnxious or stressed appearance Blue appearance (cyanosis) Breathing difficulties such as:Grun
Answer thisWhat causeThe term septicemia refers to an infection in the bloodstream that may travel to different bod
Answer thisWho is at hThe following increase an infant's risk for group B streptococcal septicemia:History of giving b
Answer thisWhen to seThis disease is usually diagnosed shortly after birth, often while the baby is still in the hospital
Answer thisWhat to expThis disease can be deadly without prompt treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tAnxious or stressed appearance Blue appearance (cyanosis) Breathing difficulties such as:Grun
Answer thisWhat causeThe term septicemia refers to an infection in the bloodstream that may travel to different bod
Answer thisWhen to seThis disease is usually diagnosed shortly after birth, often while the baby is still in the hospital
Answer thisWhat to exThis disease can be deadly without prompt treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tIn the past, people thought growth hormone deficiency may affect only in children. Until rece
Answer thisWho is at Mutations of specific genes Congenital dysfunction of hypothalamus or pituitary Any damage
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider to identify the cause of growth hormone deficiency if your child
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of growth hormone deficiency depends on:When to start to treat the children: The
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Guillain-Barré can get worse very quickly. It may take only a few hours to reach
Answer thisWhat causeGuillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder (the body's immune system attacks itself)
Answer thisWho is at An estimated 3,000 to 6,000 people, or 1-2 cases for every 100,000 people, develop GBS each
Answer thisWhen to seSeek immediate medical help if you have any of the following symptoms:Can't take a deep bre
Answer thisWhat to exRecovery can take weeks or years. Most people survive and recover completely. According to
Answer thisWhat are tHaemophilus influenzae, including Hib, disease causes different symptoms depending on whic
Answer thisWhat are tHaemophilus influenzae disease is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. There ar
Answer thisWhat are tEasy bruising or bleeding Excessive sweating (especially at night) Fatigue Feeling full after eati
Answer thisWhat causeHCL is caused by the abnormal growth of B cells. The cells look "hairy" under the microscope b
Answer thisWhat to expMore recent chemotherapy treatments have greatly improved the survival of patients with ha
Answer thisWhat causeThere are many causes of hallucinations, including:Being drunk or high, or coming down from
Answer thisWhen to seA person who begins to hallucinate and is detached from reality should get checked by a healt
Answer thisWhat are Symptoms depend upon the site of the lesion and they may present at any time from birth to
Answer thisWhat causHamartomas result from an abnormal formation of normal tissue, although the underlying rea
Answer thisWho is at People with family history of a hamartomatous syndrome, such as Cowden's disease, tuberou
Answer thisWhen to seAsk your doctor about the risks of a biopsy versus monitoring the size of the hamartoma with
Answer thisWhat to exHamartomas are generally benign, they can cause problems due to their location.
Answer thisWhat are tMany people with Hashimoto’s disease have no symptoms at first. As the disease slowly progr
Answer thisWhat are thChronic thyroiditis or Hashimoto's disease is a common thyroid gland disorder. It can occur at
Answer thisWho is at hHashimoto’s disease is about seven times more common in women than men. Although it ofte
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:A lump or sore that does not heal A sore throat that does not go away Trou
Answer thisWho is at hTobacco (including smokeless tobacco, sometimes called “chewing tobacco” or “snuff”) and a
Answer thisWhen to seSince cancers are capable of spreading to other parts of the body, it is crucial to see a doctor r
Answer thisWhat to exAlthough early-stage head and neck cancers (especially laryngeal and oral cavity) have high cu
Answer thisWhat are tFatigue or feeling unwell Fluid retention and excess weight gain Headache Nausea and vomitin
Answer thisWhat causA cause for HELLP syndrome has not been found.HELLP syndrome occurs in about 1 to 2 out o
Answer thisWhen to seIf symptoms of HELLP syndrome occur during pregnancy:See your obstetrician immediately Ca
Answer thisWhat to exWhen the disease is not treated early, up to 1 out of 4 women develop serious complications.
Answer thisWhat are Hemochromatosis can have a variety of symptoms and symptoms may be different for men an
Answer thisWhat causThe amount of iron the human body absorbs is controlled by many genes. Genes can sometim
Answer thisWho is at People who inherit the HFE gene mutation from both parents are at the greatest risk for deve
Answer thisWhen to seIf you think you have symptoms like those of hemochromatosis or if you have a close blood re
Answer thisWhat to exIf the disease is recognized before any organ damage has occurred, one can expect to live a no
Answer thisWhat are tChills Dark urine Enlarged spleen Fatigue Fever Pale skin color (pallor) Rapid heart rate Shortn
Answer thisWhat causeHemolytic anemia occurs when the bone marrow is unable to increase production to make up
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of hemolytic
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on the type and cause of hemolytic anemia.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms in a newborn baby may include:Anemia Edema (swelling under the surface of the s
Answer thisWhat causeErythroblastosis fetalis develops in an unborn infant when the mother and baby have differen
Answer thisWhat to exThe severity of this condition can vary widely.In some instances, the baby has no symptoms o
Answer thisWhat are tHUS often begins with vomiting and diarrhea, which may be bloody. Within a week, the perso
Answer thisWhat causeHemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) often occurs after a gastrointestinal infection with E. coli b
Answer thisWho is at HUS is most common in children. It is the most common cause of acute kidney failure in childr
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of HUS. Emergency symptoms include
Answer thisWhat to exThis is a serious illness in both children and adults, and it can cause death. With proper treatm
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom of hemophilia is bleeding. Mild cases may go unnoticed until later in life, w
Answer thisWhat causeWhen you bleed, the body launches a series of reactions that help the blood clot. This is called
Answer thisWhat to exMany people with hemophilia are able to lead pretty normal lives. However, some patients ha
Answer thisWhat are tThe severity of symptoms vary. Bleeding is the main symptom of the disease and sometimes,
Answer thisWhat causeHemophilia A is caused by an inherited X-linked recessive trait, with the defective gene locate
Answer thisWho is at rRisk factors for hemophilia A include:Family history of bleeding Being male
Answer thisHow to knoIf the patient is the first person in the family to have a suspected bleeding disorder, he or she
Answer thisWhat are tThe severity of symptoms can vary, and the severe forms become apparent early on.Bleeding
Answer thisWhat causeHemophilia B is caused by an inherited X-linked recessive trait, with the defective gene locate
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for hemophilia B include:Family history of bleeding Being male
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Symptoms of a bleeding disorder develop A family member h
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually good with treatment. Most people with hemophilia are able to lead re
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms many begin slowly and gradually worsen, or they may begin suddenly and be sever
Answer thisWhat causeHepatic encephalopathy is caused by disorders that affect the liver. These include disorders th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if any change in mental state or other nervous system problem
Answer thisWhat to exAcute hepatic encephalopathy may be treatable. Chronic forms of the disorder often keep getti
Answer thisWhat are tSome hemangiomas may cause bleeding or interfere with organ function, depending on their
Answer thisWhat causA hepatic hemangioma is the most common noncancerous tumor of the liver. It is believed to
Answer thisWhat to exIn infants whose tumor is only in one lobe of the liver, surgery is a cure, even if the child has h
Answer thisWhat are tHepatitis may start and get better quickly (acute hepatitis), or cause long-term disease (chron
Answer thisWhat causeHepatitis can be caused by:Immune cells in the body attacking the liver and causing autoimmu
Answer thisWho is at hHepatitis can occur in patients of any age group. The risk varies from one type of hepatitis to a
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek your healthcare provider if you experience some of the symptoms described
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis varies from one type of hepatitis to another. For more information on Outlook/
Answer thisWhat are tHepatitis A virus has an incubation period of about 28 days (anywhere from 15 to 50 is usual).
Answer thisWhat causeHepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus. The hepatitis A virus is transmitted primarily by t
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone who has not been vaccinated or previously infected can contract hepatitis A. In areas
Answer thisWhen to seOne should report any symptoms and concerns to one's doctor, who can preform a blood test
Answer thisWhat to expFor most patients, HAV will go away on its own after several weeks. Hepatitis A infection can c
Answer thisWhat are tMost people do not experience any symptoms during the acute infection phase. After first bec
Answer thisWhat causeHepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).In highly endemic areas, HBV is most comm
Answer thisWho is at hThe likelihood that infection with the hepatitis B virus becomes chronic depends upon the age
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of hepatitis B Hepatitis B symptoms d
Answer thisWhat to expThe acute illness usually goes away after 2 - 3 weeks. The liver usually returns to normal withi
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain is the most common presenting symptom in some patients, and the pain is us
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of hepatocellular adenoma include; Oral contraceptive medications The causal rela
Answer thisWho is at hThe most important risk factor in the development of hepatocellular adenoma is use of oral co
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis is usually good for hepatocellular adenoma. When diagnosed, the discontinuati
Answer thisWhat are tFatigue Shortness of breath Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice): may persist for a long time in a ne
Answer thisWhat causesElliptocytosis affects about 1 in every 2,500 people of northern European heritage. It is more c
Answer thisWho is at hYou are more likely to develop this condition if someone in your family has had it.
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have jaundice that doesn't go aw
Answer thisWhat to expMost persons with hereditary elliptocytosis have no problems, and are unaware of their cond
Answer thisWhat are tInfants may have yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) and pale coloring (pallor).Other sym
Answer thisWhat causeThis disorder is caused by a defective gene. The defect results in an abnormal red blood cell m
Answer thisWho is at hHaving a family history of spherocytosis increases the risk for this disorder.This disorder is mo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider for an appointment if your symptoms get worse, do not improv
Answer thisWhat to expThis outcome is usually good with treatment. After the spleen is removed, the life span of the
Answer thisWhat are tMost often there are no symptoms. However, sometimes there may be discomfort or pain. Th
Answer thisWhat causeUsually, there is no obvious cause of a hernia. Sometimes hernias occur with heavy lifting. Her
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if:You have a painful hernia and the contents cannot be pushed ba
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually good with treatment. Recurrence is rare (1-3%).
Answer thisWhat are tIn most patients, hiatus hernias cause no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they usually exp
Answer thisWho is at rOld people: Muscle weakening and loss of elasticity as people age. Pregnacy: Intra-abdominal
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of hiatus hernia develop. If you experience either o
Answer thisWhat to expMost patients with hiatus hernias can be treated well. The prognosis of hiatus hernia depends
Answer thisWhat are tConstipation Failure to pass a first stool within 24-48 hours after birth Malabsorption Poor we
Answer thisWhat are tMuscle contractions in the gut help digested materials move through the intestine. This is call
Answer thisWho is at rRisk Factors include:Gender (i.e., higher risk in males than females) Congenital condition (e.g.,
Answer thisWhen to seCall your child's health care provider if symptoms of Hirschsprung's disease developed.Call yo
Answer thisWhat to exSymptoms became improved or eliminated in most children after surgical treatment. A better
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with this disorder are usually able to function at a high level and can be successful soci
Answer thisWhat causesThe cause of this disorder is unknown. Both genes and early childhood events are thought to c
Answer thisWhen to seeDirections to Hospitals Treating Histrionic personality disorder
Answer thisWhat to expHistrionic personality disorder can improve with psychotherapy and sometimes medications.
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of infections that do not normally develop in in
Answer thisWhat causeAnyone can get HIV. The most important thing to know is how you can get the virus. You can g
Answer thisWho is at hPersons who are practicing unsafe sexual behavior(unprotected), drug addicts. Sexual partner
Answer thisWhen to seSince HIV weakens the immune system, people with AIDS should consult a doctor and get test
Answer thisWhat to expRight now, there is no cure for AIDS. It is always fatal if no treatment is provided. In the US, m
Answer thisWhat are tFatigue Fever and chills that come and go Itching all over the body that cannot be explained Lo
Answer thisWho is at Clinical data has suggested that the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma is related to several
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma develop. If you experience
Answer thisWhat to exHodgkin's disease is considered one of the most curable forms of cancer, especially if it is diag
Answer thisWhat are tNewborn infants appear healthy. Early symptoms, if present at all, are not obvious.Symptoms
Answer thisWhat causeHomocystinuria is inherited in families as an autosomal recessive trait. This means that the ch
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or a family member shows symptoms of this disorder, par
Answer thisWhat to exAlthough no cure exists for homocystinuria, vitamin B6 therapy can help about half of people
Answer thisWhat are tIn an elderly person, the first sign of hospital-acquired pneumonia may be mental changes or
Answer thisWhat causePneumonia is a common illness. It is caused by many different germs. Hospital-acquired pneu
Answer thisWhat to exHospital-acquired pneumonia can be a life-threatening illness. Long-term lung damage may oc
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary and differ with age. They usually appear 4 - 6 days after coming in contact with
Answer thisWhat causeRSV is the most common germ that causes lung and airway infections in infants and young chi
Answer thisWho is at hThe following increase the risk for RSV:Attending day care Being near tobacco smoke Having s
Answer thisWhen to seRefer to a health professional in case you think you are developing symptoms of the illness.
Answer thisWhat to expRarely, RSV infection can cause death in infants. However, this is unlikely if the child is seen by
Answer thisWhat are tBehavior changes may occur before movement problems, and can include:Antisocial behavior
Answer thisWhat causeAmerican doctor George Huntington first described the disorder in 1872.Huntington's disease
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of this disorder.
Answer thisWhat to exHuntington's disease causes disability that gets worse over time.Persons with this disease usu
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal growth of the womb (uterus):Excessive growth in about half of cases Smaller-than-e
Answer thisWhat to exMore than 80% of hydatidiform moles are benign (noncancerous). The outcome after treatme
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is a painless, swollen testicle, which feels like a water balloon. A hydrocele
Answer thisWhat causeHydroceles are common in newborn infants. During normal development, the testicles descen
Answer thisWho is at hMost hydroceles are present at birth (congenital). Otherwise, the condition generally affects m
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of hydrocele (to
Answer thisWhat to expGenerally, a simple hydrocele goes away without surgery. If surgery is necessary, it is a simple
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Hydrocephalus can vary from person to person and usually depend on age, seve
Answer thisWhat are tThere is a layer of fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cor
Answer thisWho is at hPremature babies are often at higher risk.
Answer thisWhen to seSeek medical attention IMMEDIATELY if you suspect hydrocephalus or see any of the signs or
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is poor if Hydrocephalus is left untreated and usually results in death. Prognosis is a
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the severity of the condition.Mild forms may cause:Liver swelling Chang
Answer thisWhat causeThere are two types of hydrops fetalis: Immune and nonimmune. The exact cause depends on
Answer thisWhat to expHydrops fetalis often results in death of the infant shortly before or after delivery.The risk is h
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms occur only with heavy infections. Symptoms include:Diarrhea Gastrointestinal disco
Answer thisWhat causeHymenolepis live in warm climates and are common in the southern United States. Insects ea
Answer thisWho is at hHymenolepis infections used to be common in the southeastern United States, in crowded en
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if chronic diarrhea or abdominal cramping are present.
Answer thisWhat to expExpect full recovery following treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tSevere, persistent nausea during pregnancy, often leads to weight loss Lightheadedness or fai
Answer thisWhat causeNearly all women have some nausea or vomiting, or morning sickness, particularly during the
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you are pregnant and have severe nausea and vomiting.
Answer thisWhat to exNausea and vomiting usually peaks between 2 and 12 weeks of pregnancy and goes away by t
Answer thisWhat are tInsulin may decrease your blood sugar. Patients with hyperinsulinism may show symptoms as
Answer thisWho is at hPancreatic insulinoma: An insulinoma is a tumor in the pancreas which is an organ in the abdo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of hyperinsulinism develop. If you experience eithe
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of hyperinsulin depends on the cause of the disease. Outcomes from benign insulin
Answer thisWhat are tAching eyes Blurred vision of close objects Crossed eyes (strabismus) in some children Eye stra
Answer thisWhat causeFarsightedness is the result of the visual image being focused behind the retina rather than di
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider or ophthalmologist if symptoms of fars
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is expected to be good.
Answer thisWhat are tBack pain Blurred vision (because of cataracts) Bone pain or tenderness Decreased height Dep
Answer thisWhat causeThe parathyroid glands are located in the neck, near or attached to the back side of the thyroi
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of hyperparathy
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook depends on the specific type of hyperparathyroidism.
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms of hyperpituitarism are the excessive production of growth hormone and
Answer thisWho is at hPituitary tumor Carcinoid tumors
Answer thisWhen to seIf you develop signs and symptoms associated with hyperpituitarism, see your doctor to deter
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of hyperpituitariam depends on the hormone level affected.Whether the patient ha
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms result from abnormal secretion of prolactin and the pressure of the tumo
Answer thisWho is at rProlactinoma Pituitary tumors Hypothyroidism Sarcoidosis Chronic renal failure Polycystic ova
Answer thisHow to knoBlood hormone test: In patients with hyperprolactinaemia, it may demonstrate elevated prola
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia.
Answer thisWhat to exMost hyperprolactinaemia have good outcomes with medication.
Answer thisWhat are tYou may not notice any symptoms. People with the condition may have coronary artery disea
Answer thisWhat causeFamilial hypertriglyceridemia is caused by a genetic defect, which is passed on in an autosoma
Answer thisWho is at hFamily members with history of hypertriglyceridemia are at increased risk of having the condi
Answer thisWhen to seYou may not notice any symptoms. People with the condition may have coronary artery disea
Answer thisWhat to expPersons with this condition have an increased risk of coronary artery disease and pancreatitis.
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of hypoaldosteronism include: Chronic fatigue Low blood pressure Ligh
Answer thisWhat CausCommon cause of hypoaldosteronism include disorders of kidney and adrenal glands. Some d
Answer thisWho is at Common risk factors in the development of hypoaldosteronism include: Diabetes mellitus Sic
Answer thisWhen to seIt is important to seek medical care if you show signs of any of the symptoms associated with
Answer thisWhere to fMedical care for (disease name) can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to exDepending on the extent of the blood potassium level and underlying kidney or adrenal gland
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with hypochondria are unable to control their fears and worries. They often believe an
Answer thisWhat causePeople with hypochondria are overly focused on their physical health. They have an unrealisti
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child has symptoms of hypochondria.
Answer thisWhat to expThe disorder is usually long-term (chronic), unless psychological factors or mood and anxiety d
Answer thisWhat are Signs and symptoms depend on the cause.In female:Loss of menstruation and breast develop
Answer thisWho is at Certain autoimmune disorders in sex glands Genetic disorders, such as Turner syndrome, Kline
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have any signs and symptoms of hypogonadism, call your health care provider to identif
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of hypogonadism depends on the cause. Many patients have a good prognosis after
Answer thisHow do I kSigns and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism include:Paresthesias in the fingertips, toes and lip
Answer thisWho is at Damage to the parathyroid glands after a neck or head surgery Radiation therapy of face or ne
Answer thisHow to knoBlood tests: Patients with hypoparathyroidism may indicate signs, such as low levels of blood
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of hypoparathyroidism develop. If you experience
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of hypoparathyroidism depends on whether the patient is diagnosed and treated ea
Answer thisWhat are Bone pain Confusion Muscle weakness
Answer thisWhat causThe following may cause hypophosphatemia, including:AlcoholismAntacidsCertain medicines
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have muscle weakness or confusion.
Answer thisWhat to exHow well you do depends on what is causing the condition.
Answer thisWhat are tThe condition varies in severity. In most cases, the opening of the urethra is located near the ti
Answer thisWhat causeSome cases are passed down through families. In other cases the cause is unknown.
Answer thisWho is at hHypospadias affects up to 4 in 1,000 newborn boys. It runs in families in some cases.
Answer thisWhen to seTypically a child is diagnosed with hypospadias shortly after birth. Call your health care provid
Answer thisWhat to exResults after surgery are typically good. In some cases, more surgery is needed to correct fistu
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms of hypothyroidism varies from person to person. Usual symptoms are the
Answer thisWho is at hHashimoto’s disease Thyroiditis Congenital hypothyroidism Surgical removal of part or all of th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of hypothyroidism appear. If you experience either
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of hypothyroidism depends on:Whether the patient is treated or not. In most cases
Answer thisWhat are tBlurred vision Buzzing sound in the ears (tinnitus) Dizziness Double vision (diplopia) Nausea Vi
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition occurs more often in women than men, especially in obese women who are abo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child experiences the symptoms listed above.
Answer thisWhat to expSometimes the condition disappears on its own within 6 months. About 10-20% of persons ha
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain (occasionally) Cough (usually dry) Decreased tolerance for activity Shortness of bre
Answer thisWhat causeNo one knows what causes pulmonary fibrosis or why some people get it. It causes the lungs t
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop a regular cough or short
Answer thisWhat to expSome patients may improve when they are treated with corticosteroids or cytotoxic drugs, bu
Answer thisWhat are tThere may be no symptoms for many years.Symptoms include:Bloody urine that starts during
Answer thisWhat causeIgA is a protein that helps the body fight infections. IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) occurs
Answer thisWho is at hIgA nephropathy can occur in persons of all ages, but most often affects males in their teens t
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have bloody urine or if your urine output decreases.
Answer thisWhat to exIgA nephropathy progresses slowly. In many cases, it does not progress at all. High blood pres
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal swelling (distention) Abdominal fullness, gas Abdominal pain and cramping Breath
Answer thisWhat are thIleus may due to:Paralytic ileus, also called pseudo-obstruction, is one of the major causes in i
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you:Cannot pass stool or gas Have a swollen abdomen (disten
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on the cause of the ileus. Most of the time the cause is easily treated.
Answer thisWhat are tDark urine Fatigue Pale (pallor) or yellow (jaundice) skin color Rapid heart rate Shortness of br
Answer thisWhat causImmune hemolytic anemia occurs when antibodies form against the body's own red blood cel
Answer thisWho is at Risk factors are related to the causes.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have unexplained fatigue or chest pain, or signs of infecti
Answer thisWhat to exThe disease may start quickly and be very serious, or it may remain mild and not need specific
Answer thisWhat are tBreathing stops or slows Constipation Eyelids sag or partially close Infant appears floppy Infan
Answer thisWhat causeClostridium botulinum is a spore-forming organism that is common in nature. The spores may
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include swallowing honey as a baby, being around contaminated soil, and having l
Answer thisWhen to seSince infant botulism can be life threatening, go to the emergency room or call the local emer
Answer thisWhat to expFull recovery is expected with early recognition and supportive treatment.Death or permanen
Answer thisWhat are tThe infant is usually large for gestational age.Other symptoms may include:Blue or patchy (mo
Answer thisWhat causeHigh blood sugar levels in pregnant women often have specific effects on their infants. Infants
Answer thisWhen to seIf you are pregnant and receiving regular prenatal care, routine testing will show if you develo
Answer thisWhat to expBetter control of diabetes and early recognition of gestational diabetes has decreased the num
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms usually appear within minutes of birth, although they may not be seen for seve
Answer thisWhat causeInfant RDS occurs in infants whose lungs have not yet fully developed.The disease is mainly ca
Answer thisWhen to seThis disorder usually develops shortly after birth while the baby is still in the hospital. If you ha
Answer thisWhat to expThe Infant respiratory distress syndrome often worsens for 2 to 4 days after birth with slow im
Answer thisWhat are thThe main symptom of infertility is the inability to become pregnant. Specific symptoms depen
Answer thisWhat causesA wide range of physical and emotional factors can cause infertility. Infertility may be due to p
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you are unable to get pregnant.
Answer thisWhat to expAs many as 1 in 5 couples diagnosed with infertility eventually become pregnant without trea
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of ulcerative colitis include:Abdominal pain and cramping that usually disappears a
Answer thisWhat are tCauses of ulcerative colitis:The cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown. It may affect any age gro
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:Family history of Crohn's disease Family history of ulcerative colitis Jewish
Answer thisWhen to seSpeak with your doctor and set up an immediate consultation if you experience any of the sym
Answer thisWhat to exWhile IBD can limit quality of life due to pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and other socially unaccepta
Answer thisWhat are tThe flu usually begins abruptly, with a fever between 102 and 106 °F. (An adult typically has a
Answer thisWhat causeIn temperate climates, influenza A usually arrives between early winter and early spring. Influ
Answer thisWho is at hSince the flu is contagious, anyone around a person with the flu is at risk.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if someone in a high-risk category develops symptoms of the flu
Answer thisWhat to expAnyone at any age can have serious complications from the flu, but those at highest risk includ
Answer thisWhat healtThe flu can also make some health problems worse. These health problems include:Asthma or
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Difficulty falling asleep on most nights Feeling tired during the day or fallin
Answer thisWhat causePrimary insomnia refers to insomnia that is not caused by any known physical or mental cond
Answer thisWhen to seSeek medical attention when insomnia has become a problem.
Answer thisWhat to expA good sleep hygiene usually improves sleep difficulty, but in case it is progressive despite of t
Answer thisWhat are tAnxiety Behavior changes Clouded vision Confusion Convulsions Dizziness Headache Hunger L
Answer thisWhat causeThe pancreas is an organ in the abdomen that makes several enzymes and hormones, includin
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop any symptoms of insulinoma. Convulsions and de
Answer thisWhat to expAs a kind of benign tumor, the prognosis of insulinoma is good. Surgery can cure most patient
Answer thisWhat are thShortness of breath is a key symptom of interstitial lung disease. People may breathe faster o
Answer thisWhat causesThe lungs contain tiny air sacs (alveoli), which is where oxygen is absorbed. These air sacs ope
Answer thisWhen to seeYour breathing is getting harder, faster, or more shallow than before. You cannot get a deep b
Answer thisWhat to expChances of recovery or the disease getting worse depend on the cause, and how severe the di
Answer thisWhat are tA pregnant woman may feel that her baby is as big as it should be.The measurement from the
Answer thisWhat causeMany different things can lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).An unborn baby may
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors in the mother that may contribute to IUGR include:Alcohol abuse Clotting disorde
Answer thisWhen to seContact your provider right away if you are pregnant and notice that the baby is moving less t
Answer thisWhat to expAfter delivery, growth and development of the newborn depends on the severity and cause o
Answer thisWhat are tThere may be no symptoms. The most common symptoms seen in premature infants may inc
Answer thisWhat causeInfants born before 30 weeks of pregnancy are at highest risk for such bleeding. The smaller a
Answer thisWhen to seRegular doctor's visits are recommended for several years after being diagnosed with an IVH.
Answer thisWhat to expHow well the infant does depends on the amount of bleeding and if there is brain swelling. Se
Answer thisWhat are tYou may have no symptoms if the anemia is mild.Most of the time, symptoms are mild at first
Answer thisWhat causeIron deficiency anemia is the most common form of Anemia (patient information}|anemia.Re
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You have symptoms of this disorder
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, the outcome is likely to be good. However, it does depend on the cause. Usu
Answer thisWhat are tIf anemia is mild, there may be no symptoms.Blue-tinged or very pale whites of eyes Blood in
Answer thisWhat causeIron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. You get iron through certain food
Answer thisWho is at hThe risk of developing iron deficiency anemia is increased in:Infants younger than 12 months w
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, the outcome is likely to be good. In most cases, the blood counts will return t
Answer thisWhat causeEveryday, a small number of red blood cells in your body die, and are replaced by new ones. T
Answer thisHow do I kUsual signs and symptoms include:Underdeveloped testicles Lack of development at puberty
Answer thisWho is at Researches have demonstrated gene mutations in the KAL1, FGFR1, PROKR2, and PROK2 caus
Answer thisHow to kn Clinical appearance is the base for the diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome. Hormone tests: Horm
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any signs and symptoms of Kallmann syndrome.
Answer thisWhat to exWith the right hormone treatment, the person can begin puberty and fertility may be recover
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms depend on the stage of kernicterus.Early stage:Extreme jaundice Absent startle
Answer thisWhat causeKernicterus is caused by very high levels of bilirubin. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is creat
Answer thisWhen to seSeek immediate medical help if your baby has signs of this condition.
Answer thisWhat to expKernicterus is a serious condition. The outcome is guarded. Many infants with late stage nervo
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of perirenal abscess include:Chills Fever Pain in the flank (side of the abdomen) or
Answer thisWhat causeMost perirenal abscesses are caused by urinary tract infections that start in the bladder, sprea
Answer thisWho is at hThe biggest risk factor for perirenal abscess is kidney stones that block the flow of urine and p
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have a history of kidney stones and develop:Abdominal p
Answer thisWhat to expIn general, quick diagnosis and treatment of perirenal abscess should lead to a good outcome
Answer thisWhat are tEarly kidney cancer does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may noti
Answer thisWhat causeWe do not yet know exactly what causes kidney cancer, but we do know that certain risk facto
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of kidney cancer is related to several factors
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of kidney cancer develop. If you experience either
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on:The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer h
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is severe pain that starts suddenly and may go away suddenly:Pain may be
Answer thisWhat causeKidney stones can form when urine contains too much of certain substances. These substance
Answer thisWho is at hThe biggest risk factor for kidney stones is dehydration.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of a kidney stone.Also call if symptoms re
Answer thisWhat to expKidney stones are painful but usually can be removed from the body without causing permane
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common symptom is infertility. Other symptoms may include:Abnormal body propo
Answer thisWhat are tHumans have 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes contain all of your genes and DNA, the buildin
Answer thisWho is at hKlinefelter's syndrome is a genetic disorder, so anyone with a family history of the syndrome i
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if a boy does not develop secondary se
Answer thisWhat to exMost patients have a normal, productive life.
Answer thisWhat are tLKS occurs most frequently in normally developing children who are between 3 and 7 years of
Answer thisWhat causeLKS affects the parts of the brain that control comprehension and speech. The disorder usually
Answer thisWhen to seContact your doctor when you observe the above mentioned symptoms in your child.
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis for children with LKS varies. Some affected children may have a permanent sev
Answer thisWhat are tA child with language disorder may have one or two of the symptoms listed below, or many o
Answer thisWhat causeFor most infants and children, language develops naturally beginning at birth. To develop lang
Answer thisWhen to seParents who are concerned that their child's speech or language is delayed should see their pr
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies based on the cause. Brain injury or other structural problems generally ha
Answer thisWhat are tGestational age is a measure of the growth and development of the fetus in the uterus and th
Answer thisWhat causeCommon causes of a fetus or infant who is large for gestational age are:Gestational diabetes P
Answer thisHow do I kThe principal feature of Laron syndrome is abnormally short statureShort hands and short fee
Answer thisWho is at Clinical investigations have demonstrated that the cause of Laron syndrome is associated with
Answer thisHow to knoBlood hormone tests, including the level of growth hormone (GH), insulinlike growth factor-1
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child seems delayed growth.
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of Laron syndrome is not bad. Alert hypoglycemia is very important.
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds Cough Coughing up blood Difficulty swallowing Hoa
Answer thisWhat causePeople who smoke or use tobacco are at risk of developing throat cancer. Excessive alcohol us
Answer thisWho is at hMost cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50. Men are 10 times more likely than
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness o
Answer thisWhat to expThroat cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to su
Answer thisWhat are tFever Hoarseness Swollen lymph nodes or glands in the neck
Answer thisWhat causeThe voice box (larynx) is located at the top of the airway to the lungs (trachea). The larynx con
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:A small child who is not teething has difficulty breathing, swal
Answer thisWhat to expLaryngitis that is not caused by a serious condition should get better.
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds Cough Coughing up blood Difficulty swallowing Hoa
Answer thisWhat causePeople who smoke or use tobacco are at risk of developing throat cancer. Excessive alcohol us
Answer thisWho is at hMost cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50. Men are 10 times more likely than
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness o
Answer thisWhat to exThroat cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to su
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms tend to get worse during the first 4 - 6 days. They typically improve in another 4 - 5
Answer thisWhat causeThe bacteria that cause Legionnaires' disease have been found in water delivery systems. The
Answer thisWho is at hMost infections occur in middle-aged or older people, although they have been reported in ch
Answer thisWhen to seMake an appointment with your health care provider if you have any type of breathing proble
Answer thisWhat to expLegionnaires' disease can be life-threatening. The death rate is higher in patients with other d
Answer thisWhat are The symptoms of leiomyosarcoma depend on the location of the tumor. For the tumors alway
Answer thisWho is at Clinical data has suggested that the development of leiomyosarcoma is related to radiation ex
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of leiomyosarcoma develop. If you experience eith
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of leiomyosarcoma is poor and it depends on the following:Whether or not the
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms can take 2 to 26 days (average 10 days) to develop, and may include:Dry cough Fev
Answer thisWhat causeThe Leptospira bacteria can be found in fresh water that has been contaminated by animal ur
Answer thisWho is at hOutbreaks of leptospirosis are usually caused by exposure to water contaminated with the uri
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you have any symptoms of, or risk factors for, leptospiros
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook is generally good. However, a complicated case can be life threatening if it is not
Answer thisWhat are tThe excess uric acid levels cause children to develop gout-like swelling in some of their joints.
Answer thisWhat causLesch-Nyhan syndrome is inherited as an X-linked trait. It mostly occurs in boys. Persons with
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if signs of this illness appear in your child or if there is a history
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome is likely to be poor. Persons with this syndrome usually require assistance walkin
Answer thisWhat are tThe excess uric acid levels cause children to develop gout-like swelling in some of their joints.
Answer thisWhat causLesch-Nyhan syndrome is inherited as an X-linked trait. It mostly occurs in boys. Persons with
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if signs of this illness appear in your child or if there is a history
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome is likely to be poor. Persons with this syndrome usually require assistance walkin
Answer thisWhat are The most common symptoms of pneumonia are:Cough (with some pneumonias you may coug
Answer thisWhat causPneumonia is a common illness that affects millions of people each year in the United States.
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors (conditions that increase your chances of getting pneumonia) include:Cigarette sm
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if you have:Worsening respiratory symptoms Shortness of breath, shaking ch
Answer thisWhat to exWith treatment, most patients will improve within 2 weeks. Elderly or debilitated patients ma
Answer thisWhat are tLiposarcoma is asymtpomatic in intial stage. As it progresses, depending on the location, follo
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of liposarcoma is unknown. Although liposarcoma can arise after a trauma, a benign
Answer thisWho is at hResearch has indicated that liposarcoma can develop due to several factors.Radiation: People
Answer thisHow to knoA physical examination by the doctor is one of the first processes in diagnosing the disease. A
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if any symptoms of liposarcoma develop. If you experience either of the follo
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of liposarcoma is poor and it depends on the following:The patient’s general he
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms vary with the infected person:In infants, symptoms of listeriosis may be seen in
Answer thisWhat Cause You get listeriosis by eating food contaminated with Listeria. Babies can be born with listerios
Answer thisWho is at hiVegetables, meats, and other foods you eat can get infected with the bacteria if they come in
Answer thisWhen to seeIf you develop fever and chills while pregnant or if you are very sick with fever and muscle ach
Answer thisWhere to FiDirections to Hospitals Treating Listeriosis
Answer thisWhat to expListeriosis in a fetus or infant results in a poor outcome with a high death rate. Healthy older c
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain (lower right) Clay-colored stools Dark urine Fever, chills Loss of appetite Nausea, vo
Answer thisWhat causeThere are many potential causes of liver abscesses, including:Abdominal infection such as app
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have:Any symptoms of this disorderSevere abdominal pa
Answer thisWhat to expThis condition can be life threatening some patients. The risk for death is higher in people who
Answer thisWhat are tFever Cough – People might cough up mucus that smells bad, or is yellow Trouble breathing o
Answer thisWhat causeWhen the lungs fail to neutralize the bacteria or foreign bodies by coughing,they gets accumu
Answer thisWho are atPeople who:Are sleepy from surgery or have passed out from alcohol or drugs Have problems
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of lung abscess You have lung abscess
Answer thisWhat are tEarly lung cancer often does not cause symptoms. But as the cancer grows, common symptom
Answer thisWhat causeLung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer for both men and women. Each year, more people
Answer thisWho is at hStudies have found the following risk factors for lung cancer:Tobacco smoke: Tobacco smoke
Answer thisWhen to seAnyone with symptoms similar to those listed above should see a doctor to be diagnosed and
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of pancreatic is poor and it depends on the following:Whether or not the tumo
Answer thisWhat are The majority of patients with lymphangioma are asymptomatic. As the mass increases in size,
Answer thisWhat causThere are no known direct causes for lymphangioma. Cystic hygroma usually presents in synd
Answer thisWho is at The most potent risk factor in the development of lymphangioma is the presence of genetic d
Answer thisWhen to seIn cases of severe complications of disease, such asDifficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of lymphangioma is generally good after surgical intervention.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of lymphangiomyomatosis may include constipation, difficulty breathing, and coug
Answer thisWhat are Symptoms of lymphangiosarcoma may include the following:Bruise mark, a purplish discolora
Answer thisWhat causLymphangiosarcoma may be caused by classical Halstedian radical mastectomy.
Answer thisWho is at People with lymphatic blockage, radiotherapy, mastectomy, cardiovascular diseases, and hype
Answer thisWhen to seA person should seek urgent medical care when there is any life threatening symptoms due to
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is poor.
Answer thisWhat are Symptoms of LGV can begin a few days to a month after coming in contact with the bacteria. S
Answer thisWhat causLymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a chronic (long-term) infection of the lymphatic system
Answer thisWho is at LGV is more common in Central and South America than in North America. Every year, a few h
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have been in contact with someone who may a sexually t
Answer thisWhat to exWith treatment, the outlook is good.
Answer thisWhat are Soaking night sweats Swollen, painless lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin Unexplained
Answer thisWhat causNon-Hodgkin lymphomas begin when a type of white blood cell, called a T cell or B cell, becom
Answer thisWho is at Risk factor is anything that changes your chance of getting a disease like cancer. Different canc
Answer thisWhat are tAt first there may not be any symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, central vision m
Answer thisWhat causeMacular degeneration is caused by damage to the area around blood vessels that supply the m
Answer thisWho is at hThe greatest risk factor is age. Although macular degeneration may occur during middle age, s
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have macular degeneration, your eye care provider may recommend that you check you
Answer thisWhat to exMost people with mild dry macular degeneration will not have disabling central vision loss. Ho
Answer thisWhat are tDepression can change or distort the way you see yourself, your life, and those around you.Pe
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of depression is not known. Many researchers believe it is caused by chemica
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have thoughts of suicide or harming yourself or others, immediate call your local emerg
Answer thisWhat to expSome people with major depression may feel better after taking antidepressants for a few we
Answer thisWhat are tMalaise is a symptom that can occur with almost any health condition. It may start slowly or q
Answer thisWhat causeThe following lists give examples of the diseases, conditions, and medications that can cause m
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if:You have other symptoms with the malaise.Malaise lasts
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of malaria include:General malaise Fever Chills Sweating Headache Nause
Answer thisWhat causeMalaria is caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone is at risk to contract malaria. Most cases occur in people who live in countries where m
Answer thisWhen to seUrgent medical care should be sought when:Symptoms of malaria manifest while traveling to
Answer thisWhat to expIn most cases, the prognosis of malaria is positive with prompt and proper treatment.The prog
Answer thisWhat are tBloody stoolsVomiting blood (bright red)Epigastric painPatients often have history of nonbloo
Answer thisWhat causeMallory-Weiss tears are usually developed secondary to a sudden increase in intraabdominal
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you begin vomiting blood or if you pass bloody stools.
Answer thisWhat to exRepeated bleeding is uncommon and the outcome is usually good. Cirrhosis of the liver and p
Answer thisWhat are tAvoiding food Coma Feeding difficulties Lethargy Seizures Urine that smells like maple syrup V
Answer thisWhat causeMaple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is caused by a gene defect. Persons with this condition can
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have a family history of MSUD and are planning to start a
Answer thisWhat to expThis disease can be life threatening if untreated.Even with dietary treatment, stressful situatio
Answer thisHow common Every year, approximately 30 cases of poisoning by marine toxins are reported in the United S
Answer thisWhat are tBreast enlargement on one side only Breast lump Breast pain Fever and flu-like symptoms inc
Answer thisWhat causeMastitis are usually caused by a common bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) found on normal s
Answer thisWho is at hMastitis usually occur in women who are breastfeeding. Mastitis that are not related to breastf
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Any portion of the breast tissue becomes reddened, tender, s
Answer thisWhat to expThe condition usually clears quickly with antibiotic therapy.
Answer thisWhat are tMastoiditis is often difficult to detect because most children affected by this disorder do not y
Answer thisWhat causeThe most common cause of mastoiditis is bacterial infection after or during middle ear infectio
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for ear infections include the following:Infants and young children Attending dayc
Answer thisWhen to seCall your child's doctor if:Pain, fever, or irritability do not improve within 24 to 48 hours with a
Answer thisWhat to expWithout treatment, mastoiditis will result in sever complications such as intracranial extension
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Abdominal discomfort or pain ranging from mild to severe Passing of blood
Answer thisWhat are tA Meckel's diverticulum is tissue left over from structures in the unborn baby's digestive tract
Answer thisWhen to seSee your health care provider promptly if your child passes blood or bloody stool or complains
Answer thisWhat to exFull recovery can be expected with surgery.
Answer thisWhat are tEarly medullary thyroid cancer does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, peop
Answer thisWhat causeMedullary thyroid cancer can occur in older age groups. Other risk factors are a family history
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data have suggested that the development of medullary thyroid cancer is related to se
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of thyroid cancer develop.
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of medullary thyroid cancer depends on the following:The stage of cancer: the
Answer thisWhat are tUsual symptoms mainly include symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and impairment
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause of medulloblastoma is not fully known.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of medulloblastoma develop. If you experience eith
Answer thisWhat to exIn general, the prognosis of medulloblastoma is poor and it depends on the following:Whethe
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with mild anemia may have no symptoms, or symptoms may be very mild.More typica
Answer thisWhat causeMegaloblastic anemia is usually caused by a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12.Other less c
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors relate to the causes.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any of the symptoms of anemia.
Answer thisWhat to exAnemia usually responds well to treatment within 2 months.
Answer thisWhat causThere are many areas of the brain that help you create and retrieve memories. Damage or ma
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any unexplained memory loss.
Answer thisWhat are Early meningioma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows, people may notice one o
Answer thisWhat CausAt the moment, there are no exact causes of meningioma.
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of meningioma is related to several factors.R
Answer thisWhen to seA meningioma doesn't always require immediate treatment. And a small, slow-growing menin
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of meningioma depends on the extent of the resection during surgery and the h
Answer thisWhat are tThere are four types of meningitis: bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, fungal meningitis and
Answer thisWho is at hBacterium: Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis in childre
Answer thisWhen to seIf you or your child experience either of the symptoms of meningitis, seeking urgent medical c
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of meningitis depends on:Whether the patient is diagnosed and treated early. T
Answer thisWhat are tBone spurs Brittle, kinky hair Feeding difficulties Irritability Lack of muscle tone, floppiness (hy
Answer thisWhat causeMenkes syndrome is caused by a defect in the ATP7A gene. The defect makes it hard for the b
Answer thisWho is at rMenkes disease is a genetic disorder, so anyone with a family history of the disease is at risk.
Answer thisWhen to seTalk to your health care provider if you have a family history of Menkes syndrome and you pla
Answer thisWhat to exMost persons with this condition die within the first few years of life.
Answer thisWhat are In some women, menstrual flow comes to a sudden halt. More commonly, it slowly stops ove
Answer thisWhat causMenopause is a natural event that normally occurs between the ages of 45 and 55.Once meno
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You are spotting blood between periods You have had 12 con
Answer thisWhat causA change in hormone levels is a common cause of abnormal menstrual bleeding. This is called
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:You have soaked through a pad or tampon every hour for 2 - 3 hours. Your
Answer thisWhat are tContinued infant-like behavior Decreased learning ability Failure to meet the markers of intell
Answer thisWhat causeMental retardation affects about 1 - 3% of the population. There are many causes of mental re
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors are related to the causes.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have any concerns about your child's development You n
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on:Opportunities Other conditions Personal motivation TreatmentMan
Answer thisWhat are tEarly mesothelioma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may noti
Answer thisWhat causLong-term exposure to asbestos -- a fire-resistant material -- is the biggest risk factor. Asbesto
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of kidney cancer is related to several factors
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of mesothelioma develop. If you experience either
Answer thisWhat to exIn general, the prognosis of mesothelioma is poor and it depends on the following:Whether o
Answer thisWhat are Symptoms of type 1 methemoglobinemia (erythrocyte reductase deficiency) include:Bluish co
Answer thisWhat causThis condition can be passed down through families (inherited or congenital). Or, it is caused b
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have a family history of methemoglobinemia and you dev
Answer thisWhat to exPeople with type 1 methemoglobinemia and hemoglobin M disease usually do well. Type 2 m
Answer thisWhat causeUterine fibroids or cervical or uterine polyps Changes in hormone levels Inflammation or infec
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You are pregnant There is any unexplained bleeding between
Answer thisWhat are tIt presents with wide range of clinical symptoms:Anemia Jaundice Petechia Purpura Mucosal b
Answer thisWhat causeIt is a clinical manifestation of a large number of underlying diseases including:Aortic stenosis
Answer thisWhen to seIt is a medical emergency. Any patients presenting with high clinical suspicion should be given
Answer thisWhat causeMicrocephaly most often occurs because the brain fails to grow at a normal rate. Skull growth
Answer thisWhen to seMicrocephaly is often diagnosed at birth or during routine well-baby examinations when the i
Answer thisWhat are tMost people who got infected with MERS-CoV developed severe acute respiratory illness with
Answer thisWhat Cause MERS is caused by a coronavirus called “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus” (ME
Answer thisWhen to seIf you develop a fever and symptoms of respiratory illness, such as cough or shortness of brea
Answer thisWhat to expApproximately 30% of patients infected with MERS-CoV died.
Answer thisWhat are tPatients may experience the following symptoms after the trigger.Headache: Headache cause
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause of migraine remains unknown. It seems that both genetics and environmental cont
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if:You are experiencing "the worst headache of your life" You have speech, vision, or
Answer thisWhat to expMany patients with migraine can relieve pain and reduce frenquency with treatments.
Answer thisWhat are tDisseminated tuberculosis can affect many different body areas. Symptoms can include:Cough
Answer thisWhat causeTuberculosis (TB) infection can develop after inhaling droplets sprayed into the air from a cou
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you know or suspect that you have been exposed to TB. All fo
Answer thisWhat to expMost forms of disseminated TB respond well to treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tMittelschmerz may be felt on one side one month, then switch to the opposite side the next m
Answer thisWhat causeAbout 1 in 5 women have mittelschmerz, or pain associated with ovulation. The pain may occu
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if ovulation pain seems to change, last
Answer thisWhat to expMittelschmerz can be painful, but it is not harmful. It is not a sign of disease. In fact, women w
Answer thisWhat are Initial symptoms include fever, chills, enlarged lymph nodes, and headache, followed by a rash
Answer thisWhat causMonkeypox is caused monkeypox virus, a virus that was first discovered in 1958. The first hum
Answer thisWho is at Persons who have multiple or anonymous sexual partners and engage in unprotected sexual a
Answer thisWhen to seIf you develop fever, swollen lymph nodes, and/ or rash. If you have complaints (including ulce
Answer thisWhat to exUncomplicated cases of monkeypox usually resolve within 2 to 4 weeks. In certain cases, mon
Answer thisWhat are tMononucleosis has an incubation period of 4-7 weeks, and symptoms are typically for 2-3 wee
Answer thisWhat causInfectious mononucleosis is spread through immediate contact with saliva, hence the colloqui
Answer thisWho is at hMononucleosis is a very prevalent viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, a herpes vir
Answer thisWhen to seIf you develop symptoms of mononucleosis contact your doctor.
Answer thisWhat to exThe fever usually drops in 10 days, and swollen lymph glands and spleen heal in 4 weeks. Fatig
Answer thisWhat are tMorning sickness is very common.Most pregnant women have at least some nausea, and abo
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of morning sickness is unknown.It may be caused by hormone changes or low
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:Morning sickness does not improve, despite trying home remedies. Nausea
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Morton's neuroma include:Feeling like'' walking on a marble'' Persistent pain in
Answer thisWhat causMorton's neuroma is more common in women than menThe exact cause is unknown. Howeve
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have persistent pain or tingling in your foot or toe area
Answer thisWhat to exNon surgical treatment does not always improve symptoms. Surgery to remove the thickened
Answer thisWho is at hAll people, given sufficient stimulus, will develop motion sickness, although some groups are a
Answer thisWhat are tStroke TIA commonly referred to as mini-stroke Muscular weakness or paralysis affecting one
Answer thisWho is at It tends to run in families, researchers think that Moyamoya disease is the result of inherited g
Answer thisWhen to seDoctor should be immediately contacted when you experience the above listed symptoms
Answer thisWhat to exWithout surgery, the majority of individuals with Moyamoya disease will experience mental d
Answer thisWhat are Most patients with benign tumors of the major or minor salivary glands present with painless
Answer thisWhat causThere are no causes associated to mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Answer thisWho is at Although exposure to ionizing radiation has been implicated as a cause of salivary gland cance
Answer thisWhen to seCall your oncologist if symptoms of mucoepidermoid carcinoma develops.
Answer thisWhat to exOverall, clinical stage, particularly tumor size, may be the crucial factor to determine the outc
Answer thisWhat are tThese conditions cause mucopolysaccharides to build up in body tissues. This can damage org
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have a family history of mucopolysaccharidosis and are co
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis depends on the type of mucopolysaccharidosis. Prognosis is usually poor if the dise
Answer thisWhat are tMulti-drug-resistant tuberculosis usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of
Answer thisWhat Cause Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis resi
Answer thisWho is at hDrug resistance is more common in people who: Do not take their TB medicine regularly Do n
Answer thisWhen to seUrgent medical care should be sought:If you think you have been exposed to someone with T
Answer thisWhere to FDirections to Hospitals Treating Tuberculosis
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of multidrug-resistant TB is worst than that of tuberculosis susceptible to comm
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may develop gradually or may progress after each small stroke.The symptoms of th
Answer thisWhat causeMulti-infarct dementia (MID) is the second most common cause of dementia (after Alzheimer
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for MID include a history of:Diabetes Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) H
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of vascular dementia occur.Go to the emergency ro
Answer thisWhat to expSome improvement may occur for short periods of time, but the disorder will generally get wo
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary from person to person, and depend on which gland is involved. They may inclu
Answer thisWhat causeMEN I is caused by a defect in a gene that carries the code for a protein called menin. The con
Answer thisWho is at hThe most potent risk factor in the development of multiple endocrine neoplasia is family histo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you notice symptoms of MEN I or have a family history of this
Answer thisWhat to expPituitary and parathyroid tumors are usually noncancerous (benign), but some pancreatic tum
Answer thisWhat are tVisual disturbance Headache Constipation Nausea Vomiting Dehydration Lethargy Depression
Answer thisWhat causeMEN1 is an inherited disorder that causes tumors in the endocrine glands and the duodenum
Answer thisWho is at hAge <40 years Positive family history Multifocal or recurrent neoplasia Two or more organ sys
Answer thisWhen to seSeek urgent medical care if there are symptoms of MEN 1 or its complications.
Answer thisWhat to expMost people with MEN1 have a long and productive life. Most of the tumors are benign while
Answer thisWhat are tCough Diarrhea Lump on the neck Breathing difficulty Chest pain Abdominal pain Nervousnes
Answer thisWhat causeMultiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is an inherited disorder that causes tumors in the endocr
Answer thisWho is at hPositive family history Multifocal or recurrent neoplasia Two or more organ systems tumor inv
Answer thisWhen to seDirections to Hospitals Treating Thyroid adenoma
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of the disease depends on the stage at which it is diagnosed. Early diagnosis and tre
Answer thisWhat are A person with Munchausen syndrome gains intense satisfaction from the attention associated
Answer thisWho is at Risk factors may include:Chronic illness during childhood – the person may have received a lo
Answer thisWhat to exRecovery is slow or non-existent.
Answer thisWhat are tThe child's symptoms do not fit a classical picture of illness or do not fit together well. The chi
Answer thisWhat causThis syndrome almost always involves a mother abusing her child by seeking unneeded medic
Answer thisWhen to seThis condition is diagnosed by the health care provider when the child is treated for various sy
Answer thisWhat to exThis is a difficult disorder to treat in parents. There is little information available about the bes
Answer thisWhat are tInability to carry out normal daily activities
Answer thisWhat causMeasurable weakness may result from a variety of conditions including metabolic, neurologic
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if you have:Prolonged, unexplained weakness Sudden weakness, particularly
Answer thisWhat are tSkin infected with M. abscessus is usually red, warm, tender to the touch, swollen, and/or pai
Answer thisWhat causeMycobacterium abscessus is a bacterium distantly related to the ones that cause tuberculosis
Answer thisWho is at People with open wounds or who receive injections without appropriate skin disinfection may
Answer thisWhen to sePatients should seek urgent medical care when they have rapidly progressive symptoms.
Answer thisWhat to exMinor infections with M. abscessus can resolve either spontaneously or following surgical deb
Answer thisWhat are The symptoms are generally mild and appear over a period of 1 to 3 weeks. They may become
Answer thisWhat causMycoplasma pneumonia is a type of atypical pneumonia. It is caused by the bacteria M. pneum
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop a fever, cough, or shortn
Answer thisWhat to exMost people recover completely even without antibiotics, although antibiotics may speed rec
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal fullness related to an enlarged spleen Bone pain Bruising Easy bleeding Fatigue Inc
Answer thisWhat causeBone marrow is the soft, fatty tissue inside your bones. Stem cells are immature cells in the bo
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of this disorder develop. U
Answer thisWhat to expThis disorder causes slowly worsening bone marrow failure with severe anemia. Low platelet
Answer thisWhat are tFever or frequent infections. Shortness of breath. Feeling very tired and weak. Pale skin. Easy
Answer thisWho is at hOlder age. Being male. Being exposed to certain substances at work or in the environment. Be
Answer thisWhen to seMedical care for (disease name) can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options for CMML depend on the following
Answer thisWhat are tThe hallmark of this condition is the myotonia -- the inability of the muscle to quickly relax aft
Answer thisWhat causeMyotonia congenita is caused by a change (mutation) to a gene. It is passed down from either
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with a family history of myotonia congenita are at risk, as the condition is genetic.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has symptoms of myotonia congenita.
Answer thisWhat to exPeople can do well with this condition. Symptoms only occur when a movement is first started
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Abnormal sensations of movement (vertigo) Gets worse with sudden move
Answer thisWhat causeThe symptoms of Ménière's disease are associated with a change in fluid volume within the fl
Answer thisWho is at Risk factors include:Allergies Alcohol use Fatigue Recent viral illness Respiratory infection Smo
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of Meniere's disease, such
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome varies. Meniere's disease can often be controlled with treatment. Recovery may
Answer thisWhat are tEach nabothian cyst appears as a small, white raised bump. There can be more than one.
Answer thisWhat causeThe cervix is lined with glands and cells that release mucus. The glands can become covered b
Answer thisWhen to seThis condition is usually discovered during a routine pelvic examination.
Answer thisWhat to expNabothian cysts do not cause any harm. They are a benign condition.
Answer thisWhat are tNaegleria fowleri causes the disease primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a brain infec
Answer thisWhat causeOnly one species (type) of Naegleria infects people: Naegleria fowleri.
Answer thisWho is at hNaegleria fowleri is found around the world. In the United States, the majority of infections ha
Answer thisWhen to sePeople should seek medical care immediately whenever they develop a sudden onset of fever
Answer thisWhat are thA person with narcissistic personality disorder may:React to criticism with rage, shame, or hum
Answer thisWhat causesThe causes of this disorder are unknown. An overly sensitive personality and parenting proble
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on the severity of the disorder.
Answer thisWhat are tPeriods of extreme drowsiness every 3 to 4 hours during the day. You may feel a strong urge t
Answer thisWhat causeNarcolepsy is a nervous system disorder, not a mental illness. Anxiety does not cause narcolep
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of narcolepsy Narcolepsy does not respo
Answer thisWhat to expNarcolepsy is a chronic, lifelong condition. It is not a deadly illness, but it may be dangerous if
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may come on slowly or suddenly, and may include:Abdominal distention Blood in t
Answer thisWhat causeNecrotizing enterocolitis occurs when the lining of the intestinal wall dies and the tissue falls o
Answer thisWho is at hThose with a higher risk for this condition include:Premature infants Infants who are fed conc
Answer thisWhen to seIf any symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis develop, especially in an infant that has recently b
Answer thisWhat to expNecrotizing enterocolitis is a serious disease with a death rate approaching 25%. Early, aggres
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may come on slowly or suddenly, and may include:Abdominal distention Blood in t
Answer thisWhat causeNecrotizing enterocolitis occurs when the lining of the intestinal wall dies and the tissue falls o
Answer thisWhen to seIf any symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis develop, especially in an infant that has recently b
Answer thisWhat to expNecrotizing enterocolitis is a serious disease with a death rate approaching 25%.Early, aggress
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include:Extreme sleepiness Feeding problems Seizures Very ruddy (red) skin c
Answer thisWhat causeHyperviscosity can occur when the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in the infant's blood,,
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook is good for infants with mild hyperviscosity and those who receive treatment for
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms usually appear within minutes of birth, although they may not be seen for seve
Answer thisWhat causeInfant RDS occurs in infants whose lungs have not yet fully developed.The disease is mainly ca
Answer thisWhen to seThis disorder usually develops shortly after birth while the baby is still in the hospital. If you ha
Answer thisWhat to expThe Infant respiratory distress syndrome often worsens for 2 to 4 days after birth with slow im
Answer thisWhat are tInfants with neonatal sepsis may have the following symptoms:Body temperature changes Bre
Answer thisWhat causeA number of different bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E.coli), Listeria, and certain strains o
Answer thisWhen to seSeek immediate medical help if your infant shows symptoms of neonatal sepsis.
Answer thisWhat to expWith prompt treatment, many babies with these bacterial infections will recover completely w
Answer thisWhat are tThe 3 affected neurologic domains of neoplastic meningitis in order of involvement is spinal co
Answer thisWhat causeNeoplastic meningitis is caused by another tumor seeding into the CNS Cancer from a distant
Answer thisWho is at hPatients with advanced breast cancer have increased propensity for NM. ER-, PR-positivity in b
Answer thisWhen to sePatients with documented cancer manifesting with signs and symptoms of increased intracran
Answer thisWhat to expThe rates of survival for neoplastic meningitis varies depending on the source of primary tumo
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of nephritic syndrome are:Swelling of the face, eye socket, legs, arms, ha
Answer thisWhat causeAcute nephritic syndrome is often caused by an immune response that is triggered by an infec
Answer thisWho is at hInfections with Group A Streptococcal bacateria (APSGN)
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of acute nephritic syndrome.
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook depends on the disease causing the nephritis. When the condition improves, sym
Answer thisWhat are tSwelling is the most common symptom. It may occur:In the face and around the eyes. In the a
Answer thisWhat causeCauses of Nephrotic Syndrome can be primary (that is; from the kidney glomeruli) or seconda
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms which may indicate nephrotic syndrome occur.Call
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome varies; the syndrome may be acute and short-term or chronic and unresponsive
Answer thisWhat are tThe signs and symptoms of neuroblastoma can vary widely depending on where the disease fi
Answer thisWho is at hScientists found the cause of neuroblastoma is related to abnormalities in the DNA of neurobl
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of neuroblastoma develop. If you experience eithe
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of neuroblastoma is poor and it depends on the following:Whether or not the t
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal walk (gait) Blindness Confusion Dementia Depression Headache Incontinence Inabil
Answer thisWhat causeNeurosyphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that cause syphilis. It usually occ
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have had syphilis in the past and
Answer thisWhat to expThis is considered a life-threatening complication of syphilis. How well you do depends on how
Answer thisWhat are tType A usually begins in the first few months of life. Symptoms may include:Abdominal (belly
Answer thisWhat causeNiemann-Pick disease Type A and B occur when cells in the body lack an enzyme called acid sp
Answer thisWhen to seMake an appointment with your health care provider if you have a family history of Niemann-
Answer thisWhat to exType A Niemann-Pick is a severe disease, which generally leads to death by age 2 or 3.Those w
Answer thisWhat causPossible substances that can cause hemolytic anemia include:Anti-malaria drugs (quinine com
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of lung cancer includeA cough that doesn't go away and gets worse over
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with constant exposure to high levels of air pollution and drinking water that has a hig
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook varies. Most often, non small cell lung cancer grows slowly. In some cases, it can g
Answer thisWhat are tWeakness Liver enlargement Swelling of the abdomen Breast enlargement Pain in the upper r
Answer thisWhat causesObesity Insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome Hormonal imbalances Oxidative stress - A imba
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who are over weight(Obese) Patients with insulin resistance Patients with metabolic sy
Answer thisWhen to seeWhen patient skin and sclera changes to yellow color. When patient experinence abdomen sw
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis estimate for NAFLD as of now is low. Depending on the extent of the fibrosis and cir
Answer thisWhat are Early Non-Hodgkin lymphoma does not have any symptoms. People may notice one or more o
Answer thisWhat causWhite blood cells called lymphocytes are found in lymph tissues. They help prevent infections
Answer thisWho is at Clinical data has suggested that the development of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is related to seve
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma develop. If you experie
Answer thisWhat to exThe International Prognostic Index (IPI) is the most widely used prognostic system for Non-Ho
Answer thisWhat are tBecause there are so many types of noroviruses, you can become infected and show symptom
Answer thisWhat causeThe main viruses that cause gastroenteritis used to be called "Norwalk-like viruses" because N
Answer thisWhat are tOCPD has some of the same symptoms as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, pe
Answer thisWhat causeObsessive-compulsive personality disorder tends to occur in families, so genes may be involve
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if perfectionism is interfering with you
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook for people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tends to be better tha
Answer thisWhat are tObsessions or compulsions that are not due to medical illness or drug use Obsessions or comp
Answer thisWhat causeObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is more common than was once thought. Most people w
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if your symptoms interfere with daily l
Answer thisWhat to exOCD is a long-term (chronic) illness with periods of severe symptoms followed by times of imp
Answer thisWhat are tChronic cough Shortness of breath
Answer thisWho is at hYour risk of developing the occupational lung disease depends on how long you have been exp
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of occupatio
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome for the simple form is usually good. It rarely causes disability or death. The comp
Answer thisWhat are tUsual symptoms include:Hematuria or blood in urineFlank painAbdominal massOther health p
Answer thisWhat causeIts cause is yet unknown.
Answer thisWho is at hIt is not clear at present.
Answer thisWhen to seIf you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as po
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of oncocytoma depends on the surgery. Nephrectomy is an effective treatment
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms are usually worse during sleep, and periods of apnea (episodes of stopped breathin
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, when the oxygen levels in the blood are low or the carbon dioxide levels are high, th
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of this disorder develop.S
Answer thisWhat to exResponse to treatment varies.
Answer thisWhat causeOpisthotonos may occur in infants with meningitis. It may also occur as a sign of reduced brain
Answer thisWho is at hOpisthotonos is much more common in infants and children than in adults. It is also more exa
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if this symptom
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Actively does not follow adults' requests Angry and resentful of others Arg
Answer thisWhat causeThis disorder is more common in boys than in girls.Some studies have shown that it affects 20
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have concerns about your child's development or behavio
Answer thisWhat to expSome children respond well to treatment, while others do not.
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms are due to the tumor growing and pressing on the optic nerve and nearby stru
Answer thisWhat causeOptic gliomas are rare. The cause of optic gliomas is unknown. Most optic gliomas are slow-gr
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any vision loss, painless bulging of your eye forward
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook is highly variable. Early treatment improves the chance of a good outcome. Many
Answer thisWhat are tMucous membrane lesion, lump, or ulcer:May be a deep, hard-edged crack in the tissue Most
Answer thisWhat causeOral cancer most commonly involves the tissue of the lips or the tongue. It may also occur on
Answer thisWho is at hSmokers People infected with HPV People who practice poor dental and oral hygiene
Answer thisWhen to seOral cancer may be discovered when the dentist performs a routine cleaning and examination
Answer thisWhat to expApproximately half of people with oral cancer will live more than 5 years after diagnosis and t
Answer thisWhat are tThrush appears as whitish, velvety lesions in the mouth and on the tongue. Underneath the w
Answer thisWhat causeThrush is caused by forms of a fungus called Candida. A small amount of this fungus lives in yo
Answer thisWho is at hThrush is commonly seen in infants. It is not considered abnormal in infants unless it lasts long
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:Your infant has had lesions in the mouth consistent with thrush for at least
Answer thisWhat to expThrush in infants may be painful but is rarely serious. Because of discomfort, it can interfere w
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary and depend on the specific cause of the mouth ulcer. In general, symptoms m
Answer thisWhat causeMouth ulcers are caused by many disorders. These include:Canker sores Gingivostomatitis He
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with decreased immunity are at higher risk of getting oral ulcer
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if your mouth ulcers don't go away aft
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies depending on the cause of the ulcer. Many mouth ulcers are harmless an
Answer thisWhat are thSymptoms of orbital cellulitis may include:Painful swelling of upper and lower eyelid, and pos
Answer thisWhat causesOrbital cellulitis is a dangerous infection with potentially serious complications.Bacteria from
Answer thisWhen to seeOrbital cellulitis is an emergency that requires immediate treatment. Call your health care pro
Answer thisWhat to expWith prompt treatment, the person can make a complete recovery.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms can differ based on the disease.In general, organic brain syndromes cause:Agitation
Answer thisWhat causeDisorders associated with OBS include:Brain injury caused by trauma:Bleeding into the brain (
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have been diagnosed with organic brain syndrome and yo
Answer thisWhat to exSome disorders are short-term and treatable, but many are long-term or get worse over time.
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds Cough Coughing up blood Difficulty swallowing Hoa
Answer thisWhat causePeople who smoke or use tobacco are at risk of developing throat cancer. Excessive alcohol us
Answer thisWho is at hMost cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50. Men are 10 times more likely than
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness o
Answer thisWhat to exThroat cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to su
Answer thisWhat are tBone pain Fever General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill-feeling (malaise) Local swelling, rednes
Answer thisWhat causeBone infection can be caused by bacteria (more common) or fungi (less common). Infection m
Answer thisWho is at hDiabetes Hemodialysis Injected drug use Poor blood supply Recent trauma People who have h
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of osteomyelitis You have osteomyeli
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, the outcome for acute osteomyelitis is usually good. The outlook is worse for
Answer thisWhat are tMany patients first complain of pain that may be worse at night, and may have been occurring
Answer thisWho is at hAge and height: Data suggest that the risk of osteosarcoma is highest during the teenage "gro
Answer thisWhen to seSpeak to your doctor immediately if you are experiencing any of the above mentioned sympto
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis for bone cancer varies immensely based on how far the cancer has spread in th
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of otitis externa include the following:Ear pain Ear itching Ear canal swelli
Answer thisWhat causeOtitis externa is caused by sources of inflammation to the external ear:Bacterial and fungal inf
Answer thisWho is at hSwimmers and scuba divers. People living in humid, tropical climates. People with allergies or
Answer thisWhen to seEar pain does not subside after several weeks. Hearing loss becomes severe. Fever or flu -sym
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis for otitis externa is usually good with or without treatment. Recurring episodes
Answer thisWhat are tOtitis media is often difficult to detect because most children affected by this disorder do not
Answer thisWhat causeAnything that causes the eustachian tubes in the middle ear to become swollen or blocked ca
Answer thisWho is at hInfants and young children are especially susceptible to ear infections: Immune systems are n
Answer thisWhen to seCall your child's doctor if:Pain, fever, or irritability do not improve within 24 to 48 hours At the
Answer thisWhat to expOtitis media's prognosis is usually good without treatment. Otitis media from infection will us
Answer thisWhat are tHearing loss (slow at first, but gets worse over time) Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) Vertigo or di
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of otosclerosis is unknown. However, there is some evidence that it may be passed
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have hearing loss You develop fever, ear pain, dizziness, o
Answer thisWhat to expOtosclerosis gets worse without treatment. Surgery may restore at least some of your hearing
Answer thisWhat are tEarly ovarian cancer does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may noti
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of ovarian cancer is related to several factor
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of ovarian cancer develop. If you experience either
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of ovarian cancer depends on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be r
Answer thisWhat are tOvarian cysts often cause no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they are typically pain or a la
Answer thisWhat causeEach month during your menstrual cycle, a follicle (where the egg is developing) grows on you
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You have symptoms of an ovarian cy
Answer thisWhat to expCysts in women who are still having periods are more likely to go away.There is a higher risk o
Answer thisWhat are tSigns of ovarian germ cell tumors areSwelling of the abdomen vaginal bleeding after menopau
Answer thisWhat to expCertain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery and treatment options)The prognosis (cha
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of OHSS can range from mild to severe.Most women with the condition have m
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, a woman produces one egg per month. Some women undergoing fertility treatmen
Answer thisWhen to seCall your healthcare provider if you experience any of the following symptoms:Excessive weig
Answer thisWhat to exMost mild cases of OHSS will go away on their own after menstruation starts. If you have a mo
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain, usually in the mid- abdomen, that may be felt in the back Abdominal swelling
Answer thisWhat causePancreas divisum is the most common birth defect of the pancreas. In many cases this defect
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of this disord
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually good.
Answer thisWhat are tPancreatic cancer is sometimes called a "silent disease" because early pancreatic cancer often
Answer thisWho is at hNo one knows the exact causes of pancreatic cancer. Doctors can seldom explain why one per
Answer thisHow to knoIf a patient has symptoms that suggest pancreatic cancer, the doctor asks about the patient's
Answer thisWhen to seSee your doctor immediately if you feel as though you have experienced any of the above me
Answer thisWhat are tPanic attacks involve short periods of intense anxiety symptoms, which peak within 10 minute
Answer thisWhat causePanic attacks often occur in areas or situations where they have happened in the past, panic m
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of panic attacks
Answer thisWhat to expMost patients can get better with medications or behavioral therapy. However, without early
Answer thisWhat are tA panic attack begins suddenly, and most often peaks within 10 - 20 minutes. Some symptoms
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is unknown.Genetics may play a role. Studies suggest that if one identical twin has p
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if panic attacks are interfering with you
Answer thisWhat to expPanic disorders may be long-lasting and difficult to treat. Some people with this disorder may
Answer thisWhat are tWhile patients with early papillary thyroid cancer do not present with any symptoms, as the tu
Answer thisWhat causeWhile the exact cause of papillary thyroid cancer is unknown, certain genetic mutations are su
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data have suggested that the development of papillary thyroid cancer is related to var
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of thyroid cancer develop.
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer depends on the following:The stage of the cancer: th
Answer thisWhat are tUsual signs and symptoms vary widely. They depend on the size, the location of the tumors. F
Answer thisWhat are tThe causes of papilloma are unknown.
Answer thisWhat are tDifficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Dizziness Hearing problems or loss Hearing pulsations in the
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of a paraganglioma is unknown.
Answer thisWho is at hUsually, there are no known risk factors. Paraganglioma have been associated with changes (m
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you:Are having difficulty with hearing or swallowing Develop p
Answer thisWhat to exPatients who have surgery or radiation tend to do well. More than 90% of those with paragan
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with paranoid personality disorder are highly suspicious of other people. As a result, p
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of paranoid personality disorder are unknown. The disorder appears to be more co
Answer thisWhen to seIf suspicions are interfering with your relationships or work, contact a health care provider or
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook usually depends on whether the person is willing to accept help. Therapy and me
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with paranoid schizophrenia may have mistaken beliefs (delusions) that one or more p
Answer thisWhat are tThe foreskin is pulled back (retracted) behind the rounded tip of the penis (glans) and stays th
Answer thisWhat causeCauses of paraphimosis include:Direct trauma to the area Failure to return the foreskin to its n
Answer thisWho is at hParaphimosis occurs most often in children and the elderly.
Answer thisWhen to seGo to your local emergency room if this occurs.
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is likely to be excellent if the condition is diagnosed and treated quickly.
Answer thisWhat are tBack pain Blurred vision (because of cataracts) Bone pain or tenderness Decreased height Dep
Answer thisWhat causeThe parathyroid glands are located in the neck, near or attached to the back side of the thyroi
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of hyperparathy
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of parathyroid cancer are mainly caused by a high level of calcium in the blood (hyp
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of parathyroid cancer has not been identified.
Answer thisWho is at hPositive family history of the following:Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Hyperparathyroid
Answer thisWhen to seDirections to Hospitals Treating Parathyroid Cancer
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of the parathyroid cancer depends on the stage at which it is diagnosed. Early diagn
Answer thisWhat are tThe incubation period of paratyphoid infections is 6–30 days. The onset of illness is insidious,
Answer thisWho is at hParatyphoid fever can occur in any age group and is food and water borne
Answer thisWhen to seIf you feel that you are developing symptoms suggestive of paratyphoid fever call your doctor
Answer thisWhat are tParkinsonism refers to any condition that causes Parkinson's-type abnormal movements. Sym
Answer thisWho is at hInfections such as encephalitis, meningitis Stroke Brain tumor Degenerative disorders: Cortico
Answer thisHow to knoTests are not usually specific for parkinsonism. However, the goal of the tests is to confirm or
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Parkinsonism develop.
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of Parkinsonism depends on the underlying cause. Outcomes of Parkinsonism cause
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of parotitis include the following:Abnormal tastes Difficulty opening mouth Dry
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of Parotitis include viruses such as mumps, HIV, or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It
Answer thisWho is at hChildren between 6 months and 16 years old for mumps -based parotitis. Women over age 40
Answer thisWhen to seWhen diagnosed with parotitis: If fever develops or worsens or you have difficulty breathing o
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis is usually good and full recovery is expected with or without treating symptoms.
Answer thisWhat are tCleft lip or palate Clenched hands (with outer fingers on top of the inner fingers) Close-set eye
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have had a child with Trisomy 13
Answer thisWhat to exThe syndrome involves multiple abnormalities, many of which are not compatible with life. M
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of head lice include:Intense itching of the scalp Small, red bumps on the scalp, nec
Answer thisWhat causeHead lice infect hair on the head. Tiny eggs on the hair look like flakes of dandruff. However, i
Answer thisWho is at hYou can get head lice if you:Come in close contact with a person who has lice Touch the clothi
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if symptoms continue after home treatment, or if you develop a
Answer thisWhat to expLice are usually killed with proper treatment. However, lice may come back, especially if the s
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common symptoms of PID include:Fever (not always present; may come and go) Pai
Answer thisWhat causeMost cases of pelvic inflammatory disease are caused by bacteria that move from the vagina o
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:Male sexual partner with gonorrhea or chlamydia Multiple sexual partner
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of PID You think you have been exposed
Answer thisWhat to expPrompt treatment can prevent complications and have a good prognosis.
Answer thisWhat are tEar pain may suddenly decrease right after your eardrum ruptures.After the rupture, you may
Answer thisWhat are tEar infections may cause a ruptured eardrum, more often in children. The infection causes pu
Answer thisWhen to seIf your pain and symptoms improve after your eardrum ruptures, you may wait until the next
Answer thisWhat to exThe opening in the eardrum usually heals by itself within 2 months. Any hearing loss is most o
Answer thisWhat are tBreath odor Gums that appear bright red or red-purple Gums that appear shiny Gums that ble
Answer thisWhat causePeriodontitis occurs when inflammation or infection of the gums (gingivitis) is untreated or tre
Answer thisWho is at hOne of the most predominant risk factors of periodontal disease is tobacco use. Another very
Answer thisWhen to seConsult your dentist if signs of gum disease are present.
Answer thisWhat to expSome people find the removal of dental plaque from inflamed gums to be uncomfortable. Ble
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the nerve that is damaged. Symptoms also depend on whether the dam
Answer thisWhat causeNeuropathy is very common. There are many types and causes. Often, no cause can be found.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of nerve damage. Early treatment increas
Answer thisWhat to expHow well you do depends on the cause of nerve damage. Some nerve-related problems do no
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with mild anemia may have no symptoms or very mild symptoms. More typical sympto
Answer thisWhat causeThe body needs vitamin B12 to make red blood cells. To provide vitamin B12 to your blood ce
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:Family history of the disease History of autoimmune endocrine disorders,
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually excellent with treatment.Any damage to nerves may be permanent, es
Answer thisWhat are tPertussis can cause serious illness in infants, children and adults. The disease starts like the co
Answer thisWhat causePeople with pertussis usually spread the disease by coughing or sneezing while in close contac
Answer thisWho is at hAs noted above, Pertussis much more serious for babies and infants, often requiring hospitaliz
Answer thisWhen to seWhen you or your child develops a cold that includes a prolonged or severe cough, it may be p
Answer thisWhat to expPertussis can be prevented if the child is properly vaccinated for it. It's especially dangerous in
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds Cough Coughing up blood Difficulty swallowing Hoa
Answer thisWhat causePeople who smoke or use tobacco are at risk of developing throat cancer. Excessive alcohol us
Answer thisWho is at hMost cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50. Men are 10 times more likely than
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness o
Answer thisWhat to expThroat cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to su
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is a sore throat.Other symptoms may include:Fever Headache Joint pain a
Answer thisWhat are tMany germs can cause pharyngitis.Viruses are the most common cause of pharyngitis. Many d
Answer thisWho is at hPharyngitis is contagious, so anyone in close proximity to someone with the illness, is at risk.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop a sore throat that does not go away after several
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases of pharyngitis go away on their own without complications.
Answer thisWhat are tBeing exposed to the feared object, or even thinking about being exposed to it causes an anxi
Answer thisWhat causeSpecific phobias are a type of anxiety disorder in which exposure to the feared stimulus may p
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider or a mental health professional if a sim
Answer thisWhat to expPhobias tend to be chronic, but they can respond to treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tChildren and adults with pica may eat:Animal feces Clay Dirt Hairballs Ice Paint SandThis patte
Answer thisWhat causePica is seen more in young children than adults. Between 10 and 32% of children ages 1 - 6 ha
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you notice that a child (or adult) often eats non-food material
Answer thisWhat to expTreatment success varies. In many cases, the disorder lasts several months, then disappears o
Answer thisWhat are tThe disease gets worse slowly. Tissues in the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain start to s
Answer thisWhat causePeople with Pick's disease have abnormal substances (called Pick bodies and Pick cells) inside
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of Pick's disease.Call your health care
Answer thisWhat to expThe disorder quickly and steadily becomes worse.Patients become totally disabled early in the
Answer thisWhat are tA pinguecula is a small, yellowish nodule on the conjunctiva near the cornea. It can appear on
Answer thisWhat are tThe cause is unknown, but chronic sunlight exposure and eye irritation may contribute to its d
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who are exposed to a great deal of sunlight (and consequently UV light), who live in tro
Answer thisHow to knoAn eye examination is often enough to diagnose this disorder. It is to be distinguished clinicall
Answer thisWhat are tPituitary infarction usually has a short period of symptoms (acute), but it can be life-threateni
Answer thisWhat are thPituitary infarction is most commonly caused by bleeding due to a noncancerous tumor of the
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for pituitary infarction include:Bleeding disorders Diabetes Head injury Radiation
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any symptoms of chronic pituitary insufficiency.Go t
Answer thisWhat to expAcute pituitary infarction can be life-threatening. The outlook is good for people who have ch
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom of placenta previa is sudden, painless vaginal bleeding that often occurs n
Answer thisWhat causeDuring pregnancy, the placenta moves as the uterus stretches and grows. In early pregnancy,
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have bleeding from the vagina at any point in your pregna
Answer thisWhat to expPlacenta previa is most often diagnosed before bleeding occurs. Careful monitoring of the mo
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain Back pain Frequent uterine contractions Uterine contractions with no relaxati
Answer thisWhat are thThe exact cause of a placental abruption may be hard to determine.Direct causes are rare, bu
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:Blood clotting disorders (thrombophilias) Cigarette smoking Cocaine use D
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you are in an auto accident, even if the accident is minor.Call
Answer thisWhat to expThe mother does not usually die from this condition.However, all of the following increase the
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom of pleurisy is pain in the chest. This pain most likely occurs when you take
Answer thisWhat are thPleurisy may develop when you have lung inflammation due to infections such as pneumonia
Answer thisWho is at hIf you have an underlying lung disease, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis, you are at a higher
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of pleurisy. If you have breathing difficult
Answer thisWhat to expRecovery depends on what is causing the pleurisy.
Answer thisWhat are tPneumocystis pneumonia in those with AIDS usually develops slowly over days to weeks or ev
Answer thisWhat causeThis type of pneumonia is caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci. This fungus is common
Answer thisWho is at hThis type of pneumonia is caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci. This fungus is common
Answer thisWhen to seIf you feel you are developing symptoms suggestive of Pneumocystis pneumonia contact your
Answer thisWhat to exPneumocystis pneumonia can be life threatening, causing respiratory failure that can lead to d
Answer thisWhat are The most common symptoms of pneumonia are:Cough (with some pneumonias you may coug
Answer thisWhat causPneumonia is a common illness that affects millions of people each year in the United States.
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors (conditions that increase your chances of getting pneumonia) include:Cigarette sm
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if you have:Worsening respiratory symptoms Shortness of breath, shaking ch
Answer thisWhat to exWith treatment, most patients will improve within 2 weeks. Elderly or debilitated patients ma
Answer thisWhat are Almost everyone who has a collapsed lung has the following symptoms:Sharp chest pain, mad
Answer thisWhat causA collapsed lung may result from chest trauma, such as gunshot or knife wounds, rib fracture,
Answer thisWho is at Tall, thin people are more likely to develop a collapsed lung.Lung diseases such as COPD, asth
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, especially if you have
Answer thisWhat to exIf you have a collapsed lung, you are more likely to have another one in the future if you:Are t
Answer thisWhat are tThere are three basic patterns of polio infection: subclinical infections, nonparalytic, and para
Answer thisWhat causePoliomyelitis is a disease caused by infection with the poliovirus. The virus spreads by direct p
Answer thisWho is at hPerson's at higher risk include those who:Lack immunization against polio and are exposed to
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Someone close to you has developed poliomyelitis and you ha
Answer thisWhat to expWhat to expect depends on the form of the disease (subclinical, nonparalytic, or paralytic) and
Answer thisWhat are tNot all women with PCOS share the same symptoms. These are some of the symptoms of PCO
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of PCOS is unknown. Most researchers think that more than one factor could play a
Answer thisWho is at hAbout one in ten women of childbearing age has PCOS, and it can occur in girls as young as 11
Answer thisWhen to seTalk with your doctor if you have irregular, scant or no menstrual periods, are overweight, and
Answer thisWhat to expGetting your symptoms under control at an earlier age can help to reduce your chances of hav
Answer thisWhat causePolyhydramnios can occur if the fetus does not swallow and absorb amniotic fluid in normal a
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of portal hypertension include:Bloody vomiting Tarry stools Abdominal distention F
Answer thisWhat causeCommon causes of portal hypertension include:Bacterial intestinal infections Congenital abno
Answer thisWho is at hPatients who are at high risk for portal hypertension include:Intravenous drug use (IVDU) Tatt
Answer thisWhen to sePatients with the following symptom have to seek urgent medical care:Bloody vomiting Tarry
Answer thisWhat to expThe symptoms of portal hypertension usually develop in the third to fourth decades of life. Di
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of PTSD fall into three main categories:Reliving the event, which disturbs day-to-da
Answer thisWhat causePTSD can occur at any age.PTSD can follow a natural disaster such as a flood or fire, or events
Answer thisWhen to seAlthough traumatic events can cause distress, not all feelings of distress are symptoms of PTS
Answer thisWhat to expYou can increase the chance of a good outcome with:Early diagnosis Prompt treatment Strong
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of postpartum depression are the same as the symptoms of depression that oc
Answer thisWhat causeWomen commonly have mood changes during pregnancy, especially after delivery. These mo
Answer thisWho is at hYou may have a higher chance of postpartum depression if you:Are under age 20 Currently ab
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if you experience any of the following:Your baby blues don't go away after 2 w
Answer thisWhat to exMedication and professional psychotherapy can often successfully reduce or eliminate sympto
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include:Almond-shaped eyes Delayed motor development Floppy newborn in
Answer thisWhat causePrader-Willi syndrome is caused by a gene missing on part of chromosome 15. Normally, your
Answer thisWho is at hThe genetic changes occur randomly. Patients usually do not have a family history of the cond
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has symptoms of this condition. The disorder is freq
Answer thisWhat to expAppropriate education will be needed for the affected person's IQ level. Weight control will al
Answer thisWhat are tA premature infant's organs are not fully developed. The infant needs special care in a nursery
Answer thisWhat causeAt birth, a baby is classified as one of the following:Premature (less than 37 weeks gestation) F
Answer thisWho is at hDifferent pregnancy-related problems increase the risk of preterm labor:An "insufficient" or w
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you are pregnant and believe you are going into labor premat
Answer thisWhat to expPrematurity used to be a major cause of infant deaths. Improved medical and nursing techniq
Answer thisWhat are tUsual signs and symptoms of premature ovarin failure include the following:Irregular or skipp
Answer thisWhat causeIn many cases, the cause of premature ovarian failure is not clear. Some studies demonstrate
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any symptoms of premature ovarian failure.
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of most patients with premature ovarian failure may be good with the hormone rep
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of PMDD are similar to those of PMS. However, they are generally more severe
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of PMS and PMDD have not been found.Hormone changes that occur during a wom
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 or a local crisis line immediately if you are having suicidal thoughts.Call for an appoint
Answer thisWhat to expAfter proper diagnosis and treatment, most women with PMDD find that their symptoms go a
Answer thisWhat are tPMS refers to a set of physical, behavioral, or emotional symptoms that tend to:Start during th
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of PMS has not been identified. Changes in brain hormone levels may play a r
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:PMS does not go away with self-trea
Answer thisWhat to exMost women who are treated for PMS symptoms get significant relief.
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment if you suspect you are pregnant, are currently pregnant and are not re
Answer thisWhat are tLoss of hearing often occurs slowly over time.Symptoms include:Difficulty hearing people arou
Answer thisWhat causeTiny hair cells inside your inner ear help you hear. They pick up sound waves and change them
Answer thisWhen to seHearing loss should be checked as soon as possible. This helps rule out causes such as too mu
Answer thisWhat to expAge-related hearing loss most often gets worse slowly. The hearing loss cannot be reversed an
Answer thisWhat are tAt the beginning of the infection, the symptoms include severe frontal headache, fever, nause
Answer thisWhat causePrimary amebic meningoencephalitis is caused by Naegleria fowleri, a heat-loving (thermophi
Answer thisWho is at Naegleria fowleri is naturally found in warm freshwater environments such as lakes, rivers and
Answer thisWhen to sePAM is a fatal disease. Any patient with suspicious symptoms of meningoencephalitis should i
Answer thisWhat to exSymptoms start 1-7 days (median 5 days) after swimming exposure and people die 1-12 days (
Answer thisWhat are thMore than half of patients have no symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Symptoms usually com
Answer thisWhat causesThe cause of inflamed bile ducts in the liver is not known. However, primary biliary cirrhosis is
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you have:Abdominal swelling Blood in the stools Confusion Ja
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome can vary. If the condition is not treated, most patients will need a liver transplan
Answer thisWhat are Early Non-Hodgkin lymphoma does not have any symptoms. People may notice one or more o
Answer thisWhat causWhite blood cells called lymphocytes are found in lymph tissues. They help prevent infections
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is related to seve
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma develop. If you experie
Answer thisWhat to exThe International Prognostic Index (IPI) is the most widely used prognostic system for Non-Ho
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with pathological gambling often feel ashamed and try to avoid letting others know of
Answer thisWhat causePathological gambling usually begins in early adolescence in men, and between ages 20 and 4
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider or mental health professional if you believe you have symptoms
Answer thisWhat to exLike alcohol or drug addiction, pathological gambling is a chronic disorder that tends to get wo
Answer thisWhat are tChanges in expressions of the face Deeply lined face Difficulty moving the eyes or lack of cont
Answer thisWhat causeProgressive supranuclear palsy is a condition that causes symptoms similar to those of Parkins
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you often fall, and if you have a stiff neck/body and vision pro
Answer thisWhat to expTreatment sometimes can reduce symptoms temporarily, but the condition will get worse.Bra
Answer thisWhat are tEarly prostate cancer does not make any symptoms. When the cancer grows larger or spreads
Answer thisWhat causeProstate cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer in men of all ages and i
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who are at higher risk include:African-American men, who are also likely to develop ca
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of gastric cancer develop. If one emerges the follow
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of prostate cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, PSA level and Gleason s
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of acute prostatitis can start quickly, and can include:Chills Fever Flushing of the sk
Answer thisWhat causesProstatitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection of the prostate gland. Any bacteria that ca
Answer thisWho is at hAcute prostatitis may also be caused by problems with the urethra or prostate, such as:Bladde
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of prostatitis.
Answer thisWhat to expAcute prostatitis should clear up completely with medicine and minor changes to your diet an
Answer thisHow do I kSigns of patients with pseudo-Cushing's syndrome are similar to Cushing's syndrome. They inc
Answer thisWho is at Alcoholism or alcohol withdrawal Severe stresses Psychiatric conditions such as depression, p
Answer thisHow to knoSalivary cortisol level: Measurement of ate-night salivary cortisol concentrations can be used a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of pseudo-Cushing's syndrome develop. If you expe
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of pseudo-Cushing's syndrome varies, depending on the cause and the person. With
Answer thisWhat are tThere are three types of pseudohypoparathyroidism, type 1a, type 1b and type 2.Signs and sy
Answer thisWhat causeThe parathyroid glands help control calcium use and removal by the body. They do this by pro
Answer thisWho is at All forms of pseudohypoparathyroidism are very rare. It is caused by abnormal genes. Researc
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of pseudohypoparathyroidism develop. If you suffe
Answer thisWhat to exLow blood calcium in pseudohypoparathyroidism is usually milder than in other forms of hypo
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal cramps (mild to severe) Bloody stools Fever Urge to have a bowel movement Wate
Answer thisWhat are tThe Clostridium difficile bacteria is normally seen in the intestine. However, it may overgrow w
Answer thisWho is at Risk factors includeOlder ageAntibiotic useUse of medicines that weaken the immune system,
Answer thisHow to knoEither or both of the following tests will confirm the disorderColonoscopy or flexible sigmoido
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if the following symptoms occur:Bloody stools after taking antib
Answer thisWhat to exIf there are no complications, the outlook is generally good. However, up to 20% of infections
Answer thisWhat are tBlood-tinged sputum. Dry cough. Fatigue. Fever and chills. Headache. Joint aches. Muscle ach
Answer thisWhat causePsittacosis is a rare disease: 100 - 200 cases are reported each year in the United States.Bird o
Answer thisWhen to seAntibiotics are needed to treat this infection. If you develop symptoms of psittacosis, call your
Answer thisWhat to expFull recovery is expected.
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms of psychogenic dwarfism vary greatly. Because these disorders affect ove
Answer thisWho is at hMany studies have demonstrated that an environment with constant and extreme stress is th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any symptoms of psychogenic dwarfism.
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of psychogenic dwarfism varies from condition to condition, from person to person
Answer thisWhat are tPsychotic symptoms may include:Disorganized thought and speech False beliefs that are not b
Answer thisWhat causeA number of substances and medical conditions can cause psychosis, including:Alcohol and ce
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider or mental health professional if you or a member of your family
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a person does depends on the cause of the psychosis. If the cause can be corrected,
Answer thisFuture pulmA number of scientists have proposed, or produced experimental evidence in animal or cell lin
Answer thisWhat are thSymptoms generally appear several weeks after birth:Abdominal fullness prematurely after m
Answer thisWhat are thPyloric stenosis is caused by a thickening of the muscles of the pylorus. This thickening preven
Answer thisWho is at rRisk factors include:Gender: Pyloric stenosis occurs more commonly in boys than in girls. Age:
Answer thisHow to knoThe condition is usually diagnosed before the baby is 6 months old. A physical exam may reve
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of pyogenic liver abscess include:Chest pain (lower right) Pain in the right upper ab
Answer thisWho is at hThe following increases your chances of developing pyogenic liver abscess:Immunodeficiency
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Any symptoms of this disorder Severe abdominal pain Confus
Answer thisWhat to expThis condition can be life threatening. The risk for death is higher in people who have many liv
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms include:Dry cough (nonproductive) Fever Headache Joint pain (arthralgia)
Answer thisWhat causeQ fever is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii, which lives in domestic animals such as catt
Answer thisWho is at hYou can get Q fever by drinking raw (unpasteurized) milk, or after inhaling dust or droplets in
Answer thisWhen to seIn case you feel you are developing symptoms as above and has risk factors, contact your hea
Answer thisWhat to expMost people get better with treatment. However, complications can be very serious and some
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of quadriplegia depends on the severity of the injury and the place it occurred.
Answer thisWho is at hSpinal cord injury Tumor affected spinal cord Stroke Cerebral palsy
Answer thisWhen to seWhen you feel quadriplegia, go to see your doctor as soon as possible.
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of quadriplegia depends on:Underlying causes The severity of injury in spinal cord o
Answer thisWhat are tMost patients will present after a documented, highly suspected, or likely exposure from a rab
Answer thisWhat causeIt can happen in wild animals, including raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes, or in dogs, cats or fa
Answer thisWho is at hBeing around wild animals, including raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes, or in dogs, cats or farm
Answer thisWhen to seIn case of a dog bite contact a health professional.
Answer thisWhat to expNo treatment is effective after the development of clinical signs, but the extremely rare case o
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may be different depending on what part of the intestines received the radiation.C
Answer thisWhat causeRadiation therapy uses high-powered x-rays, particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells.
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone who receives radiation therapy to the belly or pelvic area is at risk. This may include p
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you are undergoing radiation therapy or have had radiation in
Answer thisWhat to expWhen the abdomen receives radiation, there is always some nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.In
Answer thisWhat to expWhen the abdomen receives radiation, there is always some nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.In
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone who receives radiation therapy to the belly or pelvic area is at risk. This may include p
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the bacteria that caused the infection. Symptoms due to Streptobacillu
Answer thisWhat causeRat-bite fever can be caused by the two different bacteria, Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spi
Answer thisWho is at hThe disease has been seen in:Africa Australia Europe Japan North and South AmericaMost peo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You or your child has had recent contact with a rat or other ro
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook is excellent with early treatment. Untreated, the death rate can be as high as 25%
Answer thisWhat are tChild:Avoids caregiver Avoids physical contact Is difficult to comfort Does not make distinction
Answer thisWhat causeReactive attachment disorder is caused by abuse or neglect of an infant's needs for:Emotional
Answer thisWhen to seThis disorder is usually identified when a parent (or prospective parent) is at high risk for negl
Answer thisWhat to expThe right intervention can improve the outcome.
Answer thisWhat are tBleeding Coma Facial droop Headache Joint aches (arthralgia) Muscle aches (myalgia) Nausea
Answer thisWhat causeRelapsing fever is an infection caused by several species of bacteria in the Borrelia family.Ther
Answer thisWho is at hIn the United States, TBRF usually occurs west of the Mississippi River, particularly in the mou
Answer thisWhen to seNotify your medical provider if you are a returning traveler and you develop fever; there are m
Answer thisWhat to expThe death rate for untreated LBRF ranges from 10 - 70%. In TBRF, it is 4 -10%. With early treat
Answer thisWhat are tEarly renal cell carcinoma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people ma
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of renal cell carcinoma is related to several f
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of renal cell carcinoma develop. If you experience e
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on:The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer h
Answer thisWhat are tBright flashes of light, especially in peripheral vision Blurred vision A sudden or gradual increa
Answer thisWhat are tRetinal detachments are often associated with a tear or hole in the retina through which eye fl
Answer thisWho is at hA retinal detachment can occur at any age, but it is more common in people over age 40. It aff
Answer thisWhat to exWhat happens will depend on the location and extent of the detachment and whether you re
Answer thisWhat are tBreathing difficulty Difficulty swallowing Drooling High fever High-pitched sound when inhalin
Answer thisWhat causeInfected material (pus) builds up in the space around the tissues at the back of the throat. Thi
Answer thisWho is at hRetropharyngeal abscess generally affects children under age 5, but it can occur at any age.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child develops a high fever with severe throat pai
Answer thisWhat to exIt is important to get immediate medical help. This condition can lead to blockage of the airwa
Answer thisWhat are tRetroversion of the uterus almost never causes any symptoms. Rarely, it may cause pain or di
Answer thisWhat causeRetroversion of the uterus is common. It is the normal uterine position in about 20% of all wo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop persistent pelvic pain or discomfort.
Answer thisWhat to expUsually this condition does not cause problems.
Answer thisWhat are tAn infant with Rett syndrome usually has normal development for the first 6 - 18 months. Sym
Answer thisWhat causeRett syndrome occurs almost exclusively in girls and may be misdiagnosed as autism or cerebr
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any concerns about your child's development, if you
Answer thisWhat to exThe disease slowly progresses until the patient is a teenager. Then, symptoms may improve. F
Answer thisWhat are tRh incompatibility can cause symptoms ranging from very mild to deadly.In its mildest form, R
Answer thisWhat causeDuring pregnancy, red blood cells from the unborn baby can cross into the mother's bloodstre
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you think or know you are pregnant and have not yet seen a d
Answer thisWhat to expFull recovery is expected for mild Rh incompatibility.
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of rhinitis can include the following:Runny noseStuffy nose Sneezing Nose itchi
Answer thisWhat causeAllergic rhinitis - This is caused by allergens. An allergen is something that triggers an allergy. E
Answer thisWho is at hChildren whose parents have allergic rhinitis or other conditions that are caused by allergies h
Answer thisWhen to seYou should seek urgent help if your symptoms affect your daily activities such as your work/sc
Answer thisWhat to expMost symptoms of rhinitis can be treated. For some people, the symptoms resolve as they gro
Answer thisWhat are tThe classic symptoms of acute sinusitis in adults usually follow a cold that does not improve, o
Answer thisWhat causeThe sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull (behind the forehead, nasal bones, cheeks, and ey
Answer thisWho is at hThe following may increase your risk or your child's risk of developing Rhinoinusitis:Allergic rh
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:Your symptoms last longer than 10 - 14 days or you have a cold that gets wo
Answer thisWhat to expSinus infections are usually curable with self-care measures and medical treatment. If you are
Answer thisWhat are tVomiting Watery diarrhea Fever Abdominal pain Symptoms of dehydration include: Decrease
Answer thisWho is at hThose in child care centers or other settings with many young children are most at risk for infe
Answer thisWhen to seIn cases of severe dehydration the patient must be hospitalized.
Answer thisWhat are t*Neonatal and infants tumors: It presents protruding from the sacral site, a visible lump unde
Answer thisWho is at rThe cause of sacrococcygeal teratoma is not clear.
Answer thisHow to knoPregnant peroidBlood level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in women: This is a routine part of pren
Answer thisWhen to seDuring the pregnant peroid, be careful to observe any changes of yourself and the fetus. If you
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma depends on the following:The location of the tumo
Answer thisWhat are tThe onset of disease symptoms occurs 6 - 72 hours (usually 12-36 hours) after ingestion of sal
Answer thisWhat causeSalmonellosis is caused by salmonella. For salmonella species, over 2 500 different strains (cal
Answer thisWho is at hChildren are at highest risk to get salmonellosis. The rate of diagnosed infections in children le
Answer thisWhen to seThe illness usually lasts 4 to 7 days, and most persons recover without treatment. However, in
Answer thisWhat to expThe illness usually lasts 4 to 7 days, and most persons recover without treatment. However, in
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary with the species of worm and the phase of infection.Heavy infestation (many
Answer thisWhat causeYou get a Schistosoma infection through contact with contaminated water. The parasite in its
Answer thisWho is at hLiving in endemic areas and being in contact with contaminated water are risk factors.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of schistosomiasis, especially if you ha
Answer thisWhat to expTreatment before significant damage or severe complications occurs usually produces good re
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of schizoaffective disorder are different in each person. Often, people with sch
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of schizoaffective disorder is unknown. Changes in genes and chemicals in the
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care or mental health provider if you or someone you know is experiencing an
Answer thisWhat to expPeople with schizoaffective disorder have a greater chance of going back to their previous leve
Answer thisWhat are tA person with schizoid personality disorder:Appears aloof and detached Avoids social activitie
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of schizoid personality disorder are unknown. This disorder may be related to schi
Answer thisWhat to expSchizoid personality disorder is a long-term (chronic) illness that usually dos not improve muc
Answer thisWhat are tSchizophrenia symptoms usually develop slowly over months or years. Sometimes you may ha
Answer thisWhat causeSchizophrenia is a complex illness. Mental health experts are not sure what causes it. Howeve
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Voices are telling you to hurt yourself or others. You feel the u
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook for a person with schizophrenia is difficult to predict. Most of the time, symptoms
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with schizotypal personality disorder may be very disturbed. Their odd behavior may lo
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause is unknown. Genes are thought to be involved, because this condition is more
Answer thisWhen to seTalk to your health care provider or mental health professional if:You have trouble forming an
Answer thisWhat to expSchizotypal personality disorder is usually a long-term (chronic) illness. The outcome of treatm
Answer thisWhat is th Unilateral vestibular schwannoma s affect only one ear. They account for approximately 8 per
Answer thisWhat are The symptoms vary based on the size and location of the tumor. Because the tumors grow so
Answer thisWho is at Scientists believe that both unilateral and bilateral vestibular schwannomas form following th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you experience new or worsening hearing loss or vertigo (dizz
Answer thisWhat to exAcoustic neuromas are not cancer. They do not spread (metastasize) to other body systems, b
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually build up slowly in the late autumn and winter months.Symptoms are usuall
Answer thisWhat causeThe disorder may begin during the teen years or in early adulthood. Like other forms of depre
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of seasonal affe
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is good with treatment. However, some people have the disorder throughout th
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism include symptoms of chronic renal failure, mala
Answer thisWho is at hKidney disease, chronic renal failure Rickets Malnutrition, malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency
Answer thisWhat causeThe parathyroid glands help control calcium use and removal by the body. They do this by pro
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism, partic
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism depends on the underlying cause.
Answer thisWhat are tIt may be hard to tell if someone is having a seizure. Some seizures only cause a person to hav
Answer thisWhat causeUnprovoked seizures are often associated with epilepsy and related seizure disorders.Causes
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 or your local emergency number if:A seizure occurs in a person who has never had on
Answer thisWhat are tAbility to speak at home with family Failure to speak in certain social situations Fear of people
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of selective mutism is unknown. Most experts believe that children with the conditi
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has symptoms of selective mutism, and it is affectin
Answer thisWhat to expChildren with this syndrome can have different outcomes. Some may need to continue therap
Answer thisWhat are tExcessive distress when separated from the primary caregiver Nightmares Reluctance to go to
Answer thisWhat causeAs infants develop, they experience various emotions, usually in a predictable order. Before 8
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has significant separation anxiety after age 2.
Answer thisWhat to expYoung children with symptoms that improve after age 2 are normal, even if some anxiety com
Answer thisWhat are tIn sepsis, blood pressure drops, resulting in shock. Major organs and body systems, including t
Answer thisWhat causeSepsis is caused by a bacterial infection that can begin anywhere in the body. Common places
Answer thisWho is at hAny infectious site can lead to sepsis if not taken proper care of.
Answer thisWhen to seCall a doctor if you develop symptoms of sepsis
Answer thisWhat to expSepsis is often life threatening, especially in people with a weakened immune system or with
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually come on quickly. There is a fever, and joint swelling that is usually in just on
Answer thisWhat causesSeptic arthritis develops when bacteria or other tiny disease-causing organisms (microorganis
Answer thisWho is at hiThe following conditions increase your risk for septic arthritis:Artificial joint implants Bacterial
Answer thisWhen to seeIf you develop symptoms of septic arthritis contact your doctor.
Answer thisWhat to expRecovery is good with prompt antibiotic treatment. If treatment is delayed, permanent joint d
Answer thisWhat are tThe hallmark symptoms are fever greater than 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C) and cough, di
Answer thisWhat causeSARS is caused by a member of the coronavirus family (the same family that can cause the com
Answer thisWho is at hSince severe acute respiratory syndrome is contagious, anyone around a person with severe a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you suspect you or someone you have had close contact with
Answer thisWhat to exAs the first wave of SARS began to subside, the death rate proved to have been about 14 or 15
Answer thisWhat are tEarly sexcord/ stromal ovarian tumors does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows large
Answer thisWhat Cause The exact cause of these tumors is unknown. Mutations in FOXL2, DICER1, STK11 are involved
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of sexcord/ stromal ovarian tumors is relate
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of ovarian cancer develop. If you experience either
Answer thisWhen to seDirections to Hospitals Treating Ovarian cancer
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of sexcord/ stromal ovarian tumors depends on the following:Whether or not t
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms vary among the different types of STDs and may include-Discharge from the pe
Answer thisWhat causeSexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that you can get from having sex with som
Answer thisWho is at hSexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that you can get from having sex with som
Answer thisWhen to seIf you are having any of these symptoms or think you might have an STD, talk to your health c
Answer thisWhat to expEarly and complete treatment has good prognosis. However, if not properly treated it can lead
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Sheehan's syndrome may include: Inability to breast-feed (breast milk never "co
Answer thisWhat causeSevere bleeding during childbirth can cause tissue death in the pituitary gland, which may cau
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook with early diagnosis and treatment is excellent.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually develop about 1 to 7 days (average 3 days) after you come in contact with t
Answer thisWhat causeShigellosis is caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella.There are several types of Shigella.S
Answer thisWho is at hOutbreaks of shigellosis are associated with poor sanitation, contaminated food and water, an
Answer thisWhen to seCall your provider if diarrhea does not improve, if there is blood in the stool, or if there are sig
Answer thisWhat to expOften the infection is mild and goes away on its own. Most patients, except malnourished chil
Answer thisWhat are thDifficulty opening the mouth or swallowing Dry mouth Pain in the face or mouth Swelling of th
Answer thisWhat causesSaliva (spit) is produced by the salivary glands in the mouth. The chemicals in saliva can crysta
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of salivary duct stones.
Answer thisWhat to expSalivary duct stones are uncomfortable, but usually not dangerous. The stone is usually remov
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually don't occur until after age 4 months.Almost all patients with sickle cell anem
Answer thisWhat causesSickle cell anemia is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S.Hemoglo
Answer thisWho is at hSickle cell disease is much more common in people of African and Mediterranean descent. It i
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you have:Painful crises Any symptoms of infection (fever, bod
Answer thisWhat to expIn the past, sickle cell patients often died from organ failure between ages 20 and 40. Thanks
Answer thisWhat are tHeadache Weaknes Fatigue Breathing difficulty Rapid pulse Irritibility Chest pain
Answer thisWhat causeSideroblastic anemia can be caused by heriditory or acquired factors.Heriditory causes of side
Answer thisWho is at hCommon risk factors in the development of sideroblastic anemia are Male gender (X-linked SA
Answer thisWhen to seYou should go to urgent care immediatly if you experience:Chest pain Difficulty breathing Sev
Answer thisWhen to seMedical care for (Sideroblastic anemia) can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis depends on the severity of the disease. Finding the cause is the main factor wh
Answer thisWhat are tChronic cough Shortness of breath with exercise, usually in patients who have progressive ma
Answer thisWhat causesSilica is a common, naturally-occurring crystal. It is found in most rock beds and forms dust du
Answer thisWho is at hiPeople who work in jobs where they are exposed to silica dust are at risk. These jobs include:A
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you are exposed to silica at work and you have symptoms of t
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies depending on the amount of damage to the lungs.
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms vary and depend on the specific sleep disorder.
Answer thisWhat causeDisorders of sleeping and waking can be grouped in four main categories:Problems with fallin
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if lack of sleep, too much sleep, or unu
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies with the type of disorder. Some disorders may go away without treatmen
Answer thisWhat are tDifficulty falling asleep Difficulty telling the difference between night and day Early morning aw
Answer thisWhat causesSleep problems are common in the elderly. In general, older people need 30 to 60 minutes les
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if a lack of sleep or too much sleep is in
Answer thisWhat to expFor most people, sleep improves with treatment. However, others may continue to have sleep
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with isolated sleep paralysis have episodes that last from a few seconds to 1 or 2 minu
Answer thisWhat causeIsolated sleep paralysis is more likely to happen during the first two hours of sleep. Not gettin
Answer thisWhat are tAfrican trypanosomiasis symptoms occur in two stages. The first stage is known as the haemo
Answer thisWhat causeTsetse flies carry the infection. When an infected fly bites you, painful, red swelling occurs at t
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include living in parts of Africa where the disease is found and being bitten by tset
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder. It is important to begin t
Answer thisWhat to expWithout treatment, death may occur within 6 months from cardiac failure or from rhodesiens
Answer thisWhat are tBloody sputum (phlegm) Chest pain Cough Loss of appetite Shortness of breath Weight loss W
Answer thisWhat causeAbout 15% of all lung cancer cases are small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer(SCLC) is sli
Answer thisWho is at hUsually seen in middle aged and elderly History of smoking for many years
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of lung cancer (particularly if you smoke)
Answer thisWhat to expHow well you do depends on how much the lung cancer has spread. This type of cancer is very
Answer thisWhat are tEarly small cell carcinoma of the lung does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger
Answer thisWhat causeAbout 15% of all lung cancer cases are small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer is slightly m
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of small cell carcinoma of the lung is related
Answer thisWhen to seLung cancer is a tumor that cannot be found early. If symptoms of lung cancer develop, go to
Answer thisWhat to expFor most patients with small cell lung cancer, current treatments do not cure the cancer. The
Answer thisWhat are tEarly stomach cancer does not make any symptoms. When the cancer grows larger, people m
Answer thisWho is at rThere are some factors may increase the risk of acquiring small intestine cancer potentially. Th
Answer thisHow to knoIt is hard to diagnose small intestine cancer in its early stages. Other problems can also cause
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of small intestine cancer develop. If one emerges t
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of small intestine cancer depends on the following:Whether or not the tumor c
Answer thisWhat are tRaised pink rash - turns into sores that become crusty on day 14 Delirium Diarrhea Excessive b
Answer thisWhat causeSmallpox is caused by the variola virus that emerged in human populations thousands of year
Answer thisWho is at hToday that the disease has been eradicated, people who work in laboratories with the virus or
Answer thisWhen to seIf you think you may have been exposed to smallpox, contact your health care provider imme
Answer thisWhat to exp30% exposed may become infected 30% of those infected may die Arthritis and bone infection
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with social phobia become overwhelmingly anxious and self-conscious in everyday soc
Answer thisWhat causePeople with social phobias fear and avoid situations in which they may be subject to the scruti
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider or mental health professional if fear is affecting your work and r
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is generally good with treatment, and antidepressant medications have been sh
Answer thisWhat are tEarly soft tissue sarcoma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people ma
Answer thisWho is at rClinical data has suggested that the development of soft tissue sarcoma is related to several fa
Answer thisHow to knoBiopsy: A biopsy is the most important test for the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma. In this pro
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of soft tissue sarcoma develop. If you experience e
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of soft tissue sarcoma is poor and it depends on the following:Whether or not t
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom of somatoform pain disorder is chronic pain that lasts for several months a
Answer thisWhat causeIn the past, this disorder was thought to be related to emotional stress. The pain was often sa
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child experiences chronic pain.
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook is worse for patients who have had symptoms for a long time. Your outlook will im
Answer thisWhat are tA newborn may have a sac sticking out of the mid to lower back. The doctor cannot see throu
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, during the first month of a pregnancy, the two sides of the spine (or backbone) join
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:A sac sticks out of the spine of a newborn infant. The child is l
Answer thisWhat to expA myelomeningocele can usually be surgically corrected. With treatment, length of life is not s
Answer thisWhat are tBack pain Increased muscle tone (spasticity) Loss of normal bowel and bladder control (may in
Answer thisWhat causeAny trauma to back Tumor Disc prolapse Vertebral compression fractures An abscess or blood
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with underlying spine disease are at high risk of developing spinal cord compression th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of spinal cord compression
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis is poor even with adequate treatment if the syndrome is complete (quadriparesis a
Answer thisWhat are tLow back or neck pain can vary widely. It may feel like a mild tingling, dull ache, or a burning o
Answer thisWhat causeThe bones (vertebrae) of the spinal column run down the back, connecting the skull to the pe
Answer thisWho is at hPeople that have the following factors may be at risk:Age. Herniated discs are most common i
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:you develop persistent, severe back pain you have any numbn
Answer thisWhat to expMost people will improve with conservative treatment. A small percentage may continue to h
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis include:Abdominal pain and bloating Abdomin
Answer thisWhat causeSpontaneous peritonitis is usually caused by ascites, a collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavi
Answer thisWho is at hRisk Factors include:patients who have liver or kidney failure patients who are on dialysis for k
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of peritonitis. This can quickly become an
Answer thisWhat to expThe infection can usually be treated. However, kidney or liver disease may limit recovery.Absc
Answer thisWhat are tLess than 1% of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) infections are clinically apparent and the vas
Answer thisWhat causesSt. Louis encephalitis is caused by St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). It is a member of the fam
Answer thisWho is at hAll residents of and visitors to areas where SLEV activity has been identified are at risk of SLEV
Answer thisWhat to expMortality rate ranges from 5% to 30%, with higher rates among the elderly.
Answer thisWhat are tEarly stomach cancer does not have any symptoms. When the cancer grows larger, people ma
Answer thisWho is at hAdenocarcinoma of the stomach is a common cancer of the digestive tract worldwide, althoug
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of gastric cancer develop. If you have the following
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis varies widely. It depends on:The area in which the lump is located The depth to
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Strep throat can be very mild or severe. Symptoms usually develop 2 to 5 days a
Answer thisWho is at hStrep throat is spread by person-to-person contact of nasal secretions or saliva. As a result, str
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common symptoms of pneumonia are:Cough (with some pneumonias you may coug
Answer thisWhat causePneumonia is a common illness that affects millions of people each year in the United States.
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors (conditions that increase your chances of getting pneumonia) include:Cerebral pa
Answer thisWhen to seIn case you feel you are developing symptoms of Pneumonia contact your doctor.
Answer thisWhat to exWith treatment, most patients will improve within 2 weeks. Elderly or very sick patients may n
Answer thisWhat causeMany conditions can cause decreased alertness, including:Chronic kidney disease Extreme tire
Answer thisWhen to seGet medical help if someone has decreased alertness that cannot be explained. Call your local
Answer thisWhat are tStuttering may start with repeating consonants (k, g, t). If stuttering becomes worse, words an
Answer thisWhat causeAbout 5% of children (1 out of every 20 children) aged 2 - 5 will develop some stuttering durin
Answer thisWhen to seCall your provider if:Stuttering is interfering with your child's school work or emotional develo
Answer thisWhat to expIn most children who stutter, the phase passes and speech returns to normal within 3 or 4 yea
Answer thisWhat are tBizarre behavior Dementia (loss of cognitive (thought), emotional, and social abilities) Coma G
Answer thisWhat causeOrdinarily, the measles virus does not cause brain damage, but an abnormal immune respons
Answer thisWho is at hSSPE tends to occur several years after an individual has measles, even though the person see
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has not completed their scheduled vaccines. The m
Answer thisWhat to expPersons with this disease frequently die 1 to 2 years after diagnosis, but some may survive for
Answer thisWhat are tSevere headache: Headache is the main symptom. It often starts suddenly and starts after a p
Answer thisWho is at Cerebral arteriovenous malformation Cerebral aneurysm Head injury Polycystic kidney disease
Answer thisWhen to seGo to emergency department or call 911 as soon as possible when you feel severe headache.
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage depends on:The location and extent of the bleeding W
Answer thisWhat are In adults:Confused speech Difficulty with balance or walking Headache Lethargy or confusion
Answer thisWhat causSubdural hematomas are usually the result of a serious head injury. When one occurs in this w
Answer thisWho is at The following increase your risk for a subdural hematoma:Anticoagulant medication (blood th
Answer thisWhen to seA subdural hematoma requires emergency medical attention. Call 911 or your local emergenc
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook following a subdural hematoma varies widely depending on the type and location
Answer thisCan humans Swine flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with sw
Answer thisHow common In the past, CDC received reports of approximately one human swine influenza virus infection
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of swine flu in people are expected to be similar to the symptoms of regular hu
Answer thisCan peopleNo. Swine influenza viruses are not transmitted by food. You can not get swine influenza from
Answer thisHow does sInfluenza viruses can be directly transmitted from pigs to people and from people to pigs. Hum
Answer thisWhat do we In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized for pn
Answer thisHow can huTo diagnose swine influenza A infection, a respiratory specimen would generally need to be co
Answer thisWhat medicaThere are four different antiviral drugs that are licensed for use in the US for the treatment of
Answer thisWhat otherProbably the most well known is an outbreak of swine flu among soldiers in Fort Dix, New Jers
Answer thisIs the H1NNo. The H1N1 swine flu viruses are antigenically very different from human H1N1 viruses and,
Answer thisWhat are tPrimary syphilis symptoms include:Chancre -- a small, painless open sore or ulcer on the genit
Answer thisWhat causeSyphilis is a sexually transmitted, infectious disease caused by the spirochete Treponema palli
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of syphilis.If you
Answer thisWhat to expSyphilis can be cured if it is diagnosed early and completely treated.Secondary syphilis can be
Answer thisWhat are tTaenia infection usually does not cause any symptoms. However, some people may have abdo
Answer thisWhat causeTaenia infection is caused by eating the raw or undercooked meat of infected animals. Cattle u
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you pass something in your stool tha
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, the tapeworm infection goes away.
Answer thisWhat are tPregnancy symptoms include:Abdominal distention Breast enlargement and breast tendernes
Answer thisWhat causeThe rate of adolescent pregnancy and the birth rate for adolescents have generally declined s
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for adolescent pregnancy include:Younger age Poor school performance Economi
Answer thisWhen to seMake an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of pregnancy.You
Answer thisWhat to exHaving her first child during adolescence makes a woman more likely to have more children o
Answer thisWhat are tExcessive sweating Fever General ill feeling Jaw pain that comes and goes or occurs when che
Answer thisWhat causeTemporal, giant cell, and cranial arteritis occur when one or more arteries become inflamed, s
Answer thisWho is at hPatients with followings are at increased risk of temporal arteritis: Age > 50 years Hypertensio
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have a persistent throbbing headache and other symptom
Answer thisWhat to expMost people make a full recovery, but long-term treatment (for 1 to 2 years or longer) may be
Answer thisWhat are tThe headache pain may be described as:Dull, pressure-like (not throbbing) A tight band or vise
Answer thisWhat causeTension headaches are one of the most common forms of headaches. They may occur at any a
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if:You are experiencing "the worst headache of your life." You have speech, vision, or
Answer thisWhat to exTension headaches often respond well to treatment, and do not cause serious medical proble
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms vary depending on the location. Early teratoma does not have any sympt
Answer thisWhat causIt is often located in the chest area. Most malignant teratomas can spread throughout the bod
Answer thisWho is at hTeratoma occurs most often in young men in their 20s - 30s
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of teratoma develop. If you experience either of th
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of teratoma depends on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be remov
Answer thisWhat are tMost testicular cancers are found by men themselves. Also, doctors generally examine the tes
Answer thisWhat are thThe exact causes of testicular cancer are not known. However, studies have shown that sever
Answer thisWho is at hTesticular cancer accounts for only 1 percent of all cancers in men in the United States. About
Answer thisWhat to expRegular follow-up exams are extremely important for men who have been treated for testicul
Answer thisWhat are tSudden onset of severe pain in one testicle, with or without a previous predisposing event Sw
Answer thisWhat causeSome men may be predisposed to testicular torsion as a result of inadequate connective tissu
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition is more common during infancy (first year of life) and at the beginning of adoles
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if testicular torsi
Answer thisWhat to expIf the condition is diagnosed quickly and immediately corrected, the testicle may continue to f
Answer thisWhat are tThe infection causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to
Answer thisWhat causeTetanus is often associated with rust, especially rusty nails, but this concept is somewhat misl
Answer thisWho is at hPeople in developing countries are more at risk because of lack of vaccination.
Answer thisWhen to seThe wound should be taken care of as soon as possible.
Answer thisWhat to expIf you get tetanus, there is usually a long course of treatment. The tetanus vaccine can preven
Answer thisWhat are tThe most severe form of alpha thalassemia major causes stillbirth (death of the unborn baby d
Answer thisWhat causeHemoglobin is made of two proteins: Alpha globin and beta globin. Thalassemia occurs when
Answer thisWho is at hAsian, Chinese, Mediterranean, or African American ethnicity Family history of the disorder
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You or your child has symptoms of th
Answer thisWhat to expSevere thalassemia can cause early death due to heart failure, usually between ages 20 and 30
Answer thisWhat are tYou may not have any symptoms. Or you may have general symptoms, such as:Bleeding in the
Answer thisWhat causThrombocytopenia is often divided into three major causes of low platelets:Not enough plate
Answer thisWhen to seCall your healthcare provider if you experience unexplained bleeding or bruising.
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on the disorder causing the low platelet counts.
Answer thisWhat are tThe following symptoms are often associated with thrombophlebitis:Inflammation (swelling) i
Answer thisWhat causeThe following increase your chances for thrombophlebitis:Being hospitalized for a major surge
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of thrombophlebitis.Call your health care
Answer thisWhat to exThrombophlebitis and other forms of phlebitis usually respond to prompt medical treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of thyroid adenoma includes the following: Swelling or pain infront of the
Answer thisWhat causeCommon causes of thyroid adenoma include iodine deficiency, chronic inflammation, and gen
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with positive family history of thyroid adenoma are at highest risk of thyroid adenoma
Answer thisWhen to seSeek urgent medical care if there are pressure symptoms of thyroid adenoma or its complicati
Answer thisWhat to exDepending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis of thyroid adeno
Answer thisWhat are tWhile patients with early thyroid cancer do not present with any symptoms, as the tumor gro
Answer thisWhat causeWhile the exact cause of thyroid cancer is unknown, certain genetic mutations are suspected
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data have suggested that the development of thyroid cancer is related to various facto
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of thyroid cancer develop.
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of thyroid cancer depends on the following:The histological type The stage of ca
Answer thisWhat are tWatch for the following symptoms of tick-borne disease in the weeks following a tick bite:Ras
Answer thisWhat causeWhile most ticks do not carry diseases, some ticks may carry bacteria that can cause:Lyme dis
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who spend time outdoors and/or have pets that go outdoors are at risk for tick-borne
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have symptoms of Tick-borne disease contact health care professional. Long-term treat
Answer thisWhat are tMucous membrane lesion, lump, or ulcer:May be a deep, hard-edged crack in the tissue Most
Answer thisWhat causeOral cancer most commonly involves the tissue of the lips or the tongue. It may also occur on
Answer thisWho is at hSmokers People infected with HPV People who practice poor dental and oral hygiene
Answer thisWhen to seOral cancer may be discovered when the dentist performs a routine cleaning and examination
Answer thisWhat to exApproximately half of people with oral cancer will live more than 5 years after diagnosis and t
Answer thisWhat are tDifficulty swallowingEar painFever, chillsHeadacheSore throat - lasts longer than 48 hours and
Answer thisWhat causeA bacterial or viral infection can cause tonsillitis. Strep throat is a common cause. The infectio
Answer thisWho is at hiTonsillitis is very common, especially in children.
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if there is:Excess drooling in a young childFever, especially 101°
Answer thisWhat to expTonsillitis symptoms due to strep usually get better about 2 or 3 days after you start the antib
Answer thisWhat are tDifficulty swallowing Ear pain Fever, chills Headache Sore throat - lasts longer than 48 hours a
Answer thisWhat causesThe tonsils are lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat. They normally he
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if:A sore throat lasts longer than 48 hours New symptoms devel
Answer thisWhat to expTonsillitis symptoms usually improve 2 or 3 days after treatment starts. The infection usually i
Answer thisWhat are tLimited range of motion of the head Headache Head tremor Neck pain Shoulder is higher on o
Answer thisWhat causesTorticollis may be:Inherited: Due to specific changes in your genes Acquired: Develops as a res
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms do not improve with treat
Answer thisWhat to expThe condition may be easier to correct in infants and children. If the condition becomes chron
Answer thisWhat are tMost people with Tourette syndrome first notice symptoms during childhood, between ages 7
Answer thisWhat causeTourette syndrome is named for Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described this disorde
Answer thisWhen to seMake an appointment with your health care provider if you have tics that are severe or persis
Answer thisWhat to exSymptoms usually peak during the teenage years and then improve in early adulthood.Althou
Answer thisWhat are tThe rapid widening of the colon may cause the following symptoms:Abdominal pain Abdomin
Answer thisWhat are tToxic megacolon occurs as a complication of inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative c
Answer thisWho is at hChemotherapy Radiation therapy Crohn's disease Hirschsprung's disease Intestinal infection L
Answer thisWhat are tConfusion Diarrhea General ill-feeling Headaches High fever, sometimes accompanied by chill
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:Childbirth Current Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection Foreign bod
Answer thisWhat to exToxic shock syndrome may be deadly in up to 50% of cases. The condition may return in those
Answer thisWhat are tMost primary infections produce no symptoms. The time between exposure to the parasite an
Answer thisWho is at hToxoplasmosis is found in humans worldwide, and in many species of animals and birds. Cats
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of toxoplasm
Answer thisWhat to exAcute infection in children may cause swelling of the retina in the eye. In adults with a healthy
Answer thisWhat are tDeep cough (similar to that caused by croup) Difficulty breathing High fever High-pitched brea
Answer thisWhat causeBacterial tracheitis is most often caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It frequently f
Answer thisWho is at hTracheitis affects mostly young children, possibly because their small trachea is easily blocked
Answer thisWhen to seTracheitis is an emergency medical condition. Go to the emergency room if your child has had
Answer thisWhat to expWith prompt treatment, the child should recover.
Answer thisWhat are tThe child may have facial tics or tics involving movement of the arms, legs, or other areas.Tics
Answer thisWhat causesTransient tic disorder is common in children.The cause of transient tic disorder can be physica
Answer thisWhen to seTalk to your health care provider if you are concerned about a transient tic disorder, especiall
Answer thisWhat to expSimple childhood tics usually disappear over a period of months.
Answer thisWhat are tTransverse myelitis may be either acute (developing over hours to several days) or subacute (
Answer thisWhat causeResearchers are uncertain of the exact causes of transverse myelitis. The inflammation that ca
Answer thisWho is at hTransverse myelitis occurs in adults and children, in both genders, and in all races. No familial
Answer thisWhat to expRecovery from transverse myelitis usually begins within 2 to 12 weeks of the onset of symptom
Answer thisWhat are tBacterial and viral TD presents with the sudden onset of bothersome symptoms that can rang
Answer thisWhat causeTraveler's diarrhea may be caused by an infection with either bacteria, virus, or parasite. E. co
Answer thisWho is at hThe most important determinant of risk is travel destination, and there are regional difference
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases of traveler's diarrhea are self-limited with an excellent outlook/prognosis. In some
Answer thisWhat causeTrichomoniasis is found worldwide. In the United States, the highest number of cases are seen
Answer thisWhat are tAbout 70% of infected people do not have any signs or symptoms. When trichomoniasis does
Answer thisWho is at hWomen between the ages of 16-35 make up the largest demographic affected by Trichomonia
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if any unusual vaginal discharge or irrit
Answer thisWhat to expWith proper treatment, the outcome is likely to be excellent. Individuals, generally, make a fu
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal cramps Diarrhea, worse on high-fat diet Excessive gas (flatus) Indigestion Irritabilit
Answer thisWhat causeThis disease is caused by inflammation of, and damage to the small intestine due to having too
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors are:Living in the tropics Long periods of travel to tropical destinations
Answer thisWhat are tLatent TB is dormant in the alveoli of the lungs. As active TB develops, the bacteria spread out
Answer thisWhat Cause Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bac
Answer thisWho is at hTuberculosis is transmitted from person to person through the air (cough, sneeze, or speaking
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have been exposed to TB or traveled to areas with endem
Answer thisWhere to FDirections to Hospitals Treating Tuberculosis
Answer thisWhat to expSymptoms often improve in 2 - 3 weeks. A chest x-ray will not show this improvement until lat
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms usually begin gradually, and may include:Fever and chills Mental status change
Answer thisWhat causeTuberculous meningitis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause tube
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include a history of:AIDS Excessive alcohol use Pulmonary tuberculosis Weakened
Answer thisWhen to seCall the local emergency number (such as 911) or go to an emergency room if you suspect me
Answer thisWhat to expTuberculous meningitis is life threatening if untreated. Long-term follow-up is needed to dete
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of tumor lysis syndrome are:Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Lethargy Seizure Tetan
Answer thisWhat causeMost common causes of tumor lysis syndrome are:Burkitt's lymphoma Acute lymphoblastic le
Answer thisWho is at hchemotherapy with kidney disease dehydration, Hematologic tumors Solid tumors.
Answer thisWhen to seyour health care provider will assess uyou the whole time.
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of tumor lysis syndrome is good with treatment and if not associated with rena
Answer thisWhat are tPossible symptoms in young infants include:Swollen hands and feet Wide and webbed neckA
Answer thisWhat causeHumans have 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes contain all of your genes and DNA, the buildin
Answer thisWho is at hTurner syndrome is a genetic condition that only occurs in females. Females with a family hist
Answer thisWhat to exThose with Turner syndrome can have a normal life when carefully monitored by their doctor
Answer thisWhat are tThe donor twin is usually born smaller than the other twin, usually with paleness, anemia, and
Answer thisWhat causeTTTS occurs when blood moves from one twin to the other.The twin that loses the blood is ca
Answer thisWhat to exIf the twin-to-twin transfusion is mild, full recovery is expected for both babies. However, seve
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain Agitation Bloody stools Chills Confusion Difficulty paying attention (attention
Answer thisWhat causeThe bacteria that causes typhoid fever -- S. typhi -- spreads through contaminated food, drink
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone who has been in contact with Salmonella Tyhpi bacteria.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have had any known exposure to typhoid fever or if you h
Answer thisWhat to expSymptoms usually improve in 2 to 4 weeks with treatment. The outcome is likely to be good w
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of murine or endemic typhus may include:Abdominal pain Backache Diarrhea Dull
Answer thisWhat causeTyphus is caused by one of two types of bacteria: Rickettsia typhi or Rickettsia prowazekii. The
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of typhus. This serious disorder can re
Answer thisWhat to expWithout treatment, death may occur in 10 - 60% of patients with epidemic typhus. Patients ov
Answer thisWhat are tUpper gastrointestinal bleeding is usually seen asBloody vomit Vomit that looks like coffee gro
Answer thisWhat causeThe most common cause of upper GI bleeding is an ulcer in the stomach or small intestine. Irr
Answer thisWho is at hCommon risk factors in the development of upper gastrointestinal bleeding include:Advancing
Answer thisWhen to seSee your doctor right away if you:Vomit blood or something that looks like coffee grounds Hav
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis is generally good with treatment, and the 1-year mortality rate of patients with non
Answer thisWhat are tTypically, the baby begins nursing well and seems normal. However, over time the baby devel
Answer thisWhat causeThe urea cycle is a process in which waste (ammonia) is removed from the body. When you ea
Answer thisWho is at hBoys are more often affected by ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency than girls. Girls are rar
Answer thisWhen to seIf your child has a test that shows increased ammonia in the blood, have the child examined b
Answer thisWhat to expHow well patients do depends on:Which urea cycle abnormality they have How severe it is Ho
Answer thisWhat are tSigns of urethral cancer include bleeding or trouble with urination.These and other signs and s
Answer thisWho is at hAnything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk fac
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of urethral cancer depends on the following factors:Anatomical location Size St
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of a bladder infection include:Cloudy or bloody urine, which may have a foul o
Answer thisWhat causesUrinary tract infections are caused by germs, usually bacteria that enter the urethra and then
Answer thisWho is at hWomen are more prone to urinary tract infections as germs in the vagina can be pushed into t
Answer thisWhen to seeContact your health care provider if you have symptoms of a UTI. Call right away if the followi
Answer thisWhat to expA urinary tract infection is uncomfortable, but treatment is usually successful. Symptoms of a
Answer thisWhat are tEarly uterine cancer does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may noti
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of uterine cancer is related to several factor
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of uterine cancer develop. If you experience a large
Answer thisWhat to expGenerally speaking, the prognosis of uterine cancer is relatively good because it can be diagno
Answer thisWhat are tMore common symptoms of uterine fibroids are:Abdominal fullness, gas, or constipation Blee
Answer thisWhat causeUterine fibroids are the most common pelvic tumor. As many as 1 in 5 women may have fibro
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have gradual changes in your menstrual pattern, includin
Answer thisWhat to expSome women with fibroids have no symptoms and may not need treatment.During a pregnan
Answer thisWhat are tUveitis can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may develop rapidly and may vary depending o
Answer thisWhat causeUveitis can have many causes, including injury to the eye, viruses, bacteria, parasites, and exp
Answer thisWho is at hPeople of all ages and both sexes can develop uveitis, although it is more common in women.
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of uveitis (e.g. e
Answer thisWhat to expWhen left untreated, uveitis can lead to permanent vision loss. Additionally, a more serious, p
Answer thisWhat are tEarly vaginal cancer does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may noti
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of vaginal cancer is related to several factor
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of vaginal cancer develop. If you experience either
Answer thisHow will VaImpact of the cancer on sex life vary greatly among people with some people having no or littl
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of vaginal cancer depends primarily on the following:Location of the tumor in vagin
Answer thisWhat are tVaginal penetration during sex is difficult or impossible. Vaginal pain is common during sexual
Answer thisWhat causeVaginismus is considered a disorder of sexual dysfunction. It has several possible causes, inclu
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have pain associated with intercourse or difficulties with successful vaginal penetration
Answer thisWhat to expWhen treated by a specialist in sex therapy, success rates are generally very high.
Answer thisWhat are tIrritation and itching of the genital area Inflammation (irritation, redness, and swelling) of the
Answer thisWhat causeVulvovaginitis can affect women of all ages and is extremely common. It can be caused by bac
Answer thisWho is at hVulvovaginitis can affect women of all ages and is extremely common. It can be caused by bac
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if vulvovaginitis symptoms are present or if known vulvovaginiti
Answer thisWhat to expProper treatment of an infection is usually very effective.
Answer thisWho is at hVRE infections are more common in patients who:Are in the hospital, especially if they are tak
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea VomitingOther symptoms may include:Chills Clammy skin Ex
Answer thisWhat causesViral gastroenteritis is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in both adults and children. Many typ
Answer thisWho is at hIt can occur in any age group and is seen frequently in both children and adults.
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if diarrhea persists for more than several days or if dehydration
Answer thisWhat to expMost infections will go away on their own. Children may become severely ill from dehydration
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms may vary according to the disease, but in general, patients with VHF pres
Answer thisWhat causeViral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are caused by several families of enveloped RNA viruses, inclu
Answer thisWho is at hSome VHFs are spread on person to person basis, through direct contact with symptomatic pa
Answer thisWhen to seIf you think you are developing symptoms of this disease contact your doctor. Common sympt
Answer thisWhat to expHemorrhagic fever varies in severity. Severe infections with internal bleeding and fever (hemo
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain Abnormal sensitivity to light (photophobia) Chills Confusion Drowsiness Fever
Answer thisWhat are thThere are many causes of aseptic meningitis, including:Cancer (causes a syndrome similar to m
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of aseptic meningitis.
Answer thisWhat to expUnlike other forms of meningitis, aseptic meningitis caused by a virus is usually a harmless dis
Answer thisWhat causesVirilization may be caused by:Excess testosterone production Use of anabolic steroidsIn newb
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with mild anemia may have no symptoms, or symptoms may be very mild.More typica
Answer thisWhat causeYour body needs vitamin B12 to make red blood cells. In order to provide vitamin B12 to your
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any of the symptoms of anemia.
Answer thisWhat to expTreatment for this form of anemia is usually effective. Any damage to the nerves may be perm
Answer thisWhat are tBloody or dark red stools Constipation or difficulty releasing stools Distended abdomen Pain o
Answer thisWhat are tA birth defect called intestinal malrotation can make infants more likely to develop a volvulus
Answer thisWho is at rYoung children Children with a birth defect called intestinal malrotation
Answer thisHow to knoThe following tests are done to diagnose volvulusBarium enema Blood tests to check electroly
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormally heavy menstrual bleeding Bleeding of the gums without apparent cause Easy brui
Answer thisWhat causeVon Willebrand disease is caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor. Von Willebrand fac
Answer thisWho is at hA family history of a bleeding disorder is the primary risk factor. In women with heavy or prolo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if bleeding occurs without reason.If you have von Willebrand di
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis is overall very good, most patients have mild forms of the disease and can expect no
Answer thisWhat are tEarly vulvar cancer does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notic
Answer thisWho is at hClinical data has suggested that the development of vulvar cancer is related to several factors
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of vulvar cancer develop. If you experience either o
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis depends on:The stage of the cancer Whether or not the tumor can be removed
Answer thisHow will vuImpact of the cancer on sex life vary greatly among people with some people having no or littl
Answer thisWhat are tEarly Warthin's tumor does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may n
Answer thisWho is at The cause of Warthin's tumor is not clear. But clinical data suggest that smoking has a close re
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Warthin's tumor develop.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Wernicke's encephalopathy:Confusion Loss of muscle coordination (ataxia) Leg t
Answer thisWhat causeWernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are different conditions that are both du
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider or go to the emergency room if you have symptoms of Wernick
Answer thisWhat to exWithout treatment, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome gets steadily worse and can be life threate
Answer thisWhat are tMost people who are infected with West Nile virus have no symptoms. Others may have only
Answer thisWhat causeWest Nile virus was first identified in 1937 in Uganda in eastern Africa. It was first discovered
Answer thisWho is at hOnly a few mosquitoes carry West Nile Virus. For most people, the risk is low. Some people ha
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of West Nile virus infection, especially if y
Answer thisWhat to expIn general, the outcome of a mild West Nile virus infection is excellent.For patients with sever
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms range from mild to severe. Sometimes, there are no symptoms. A severe infection
Answer thisWhat are tWhipworm infection is caused by the roundworm, Trichocephalus trichiura. It is a common inf
Answer thisWhen to seSeek medical attention if you or your child develop bloody diarrhea. In addition to whipworm,
Answer thisWhat to exFull recovery is expected with treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tThe following symptoms may occur:Abnormal sensations Hand or forearm ("back" of the hand
Answer thisWhat causeRadial neuropathy occurs when there is damage to the radial nerve, which travels down the a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have had an injury to the arm, and you develop numbnes
Answer thisWhat to expIf the cause of the nerve dysfunction can be found and successfully treated, there is a good ch
Answer thisWhat are tAfter 2 - 4 weeks of infection, the person develops a sore called a "mother yaw" where bacter
Answer thisWhat causYaws is an infection caused by the spiral-shaped bacteria, Treponema pallidum, subspecies pe
Answer thisWho is at hYaws mainly affects children in rural, warm, tropical areas, such as the Caribbean Islands, Latin
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you or your child has sores on the skin or bone that don't
Answer thisWhat to expIf treated in its early stages, yaws can be cured. Skin lesions may take several months to heal.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Arrhythmias, heart dysfunction Bleeding (may progress to hemorrhage) Co
Answer thisWhat causeYellow fever is caused by a small virus that is spread by the bite of mosquitoes. This disease is
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone can get yellow fever, but the elderly have a higher risk of severe infection. It is commo
Answer thisWhen to seA person with advanced yellow fever may show signs of liver failure, renal failure, and shock.
Answer thisWhat to expYellow fever varies in severity. Severe infections with internal bleeding and fever (hemorrhagi
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of rhinocerebral zygomycosis include:Eye swelling and protrusion (proptosis) Dark
Answer thisWhat causeZygomycosis is caused by common fungi frequently found in the soil and in decaying vegetatio
Answer thisWho is at hConditions most commonly associated with zygomycosis include diabetes (usually poorly cont
Answer thisWhen to sePeople with weakened immune systems and immune disorders (including diabetes) should se
Answer thisWhat to exZygomycosis has an extremely high death rate even when aggressive surgery is done. Death ra
Answer thisWhat are tSwollen, tender, or hard lymph nodes Red, tender skin over lymph nodeLymph nodes may fee
Answer thisWhat causeThe lymph system is a network of lymph nodes, lymph ducts, lymph vessels, and organs that p
Answer thisWhat to expPrompt treatment with antibiotics usually results in complete recovery, though it may take we
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms that suggest increased cortisol or other adrenal gland hormone production: Fatty, r
Answer thisWhat causeAdrenocortical carcinoma is most common in children younger than 5 and adults in their 30s a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child has symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma,
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on how early the diagnosis is made and whether the tumor has spread
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of adrenal insufficiency usually begin gradually. Usual symptoms include:Chron
Answer thisWho is at hGenetic defects of adrenal gland Underactive parathyroid glands Pernicious anemia Chronic fu
Answer thisWhen to seThe urgent, severe worsening symptoms adrenal insufficiency is called an addisonian crisis or
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of adrenal insufficiency depends on:Whether the patient has received hormone
Answer thisWhat are tTo be diagnosed with anorexia, a person must:Have an intense fear of gaining weight or becom
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact causes of anorexia nervosa are unknown. Many factors probably are involved. Gene
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for anorexia include:Trying to be perfect or overly focused on rules Being more wo
Answer thisWhen to seTalk to your doctor if a loved one is:Too focused on weight Over-exercising Limiting his or her
Answer thisWhat to expAnorexia nervosa is a serious condition that can be deadly. By some estimates, it leads to deat
Answer thisWhat are tThis disease usually occurs in childhood. Symptoms include:Constipation Growth failure Increa
Answer thisWhat causeIn some cases, Bartter syndrome may be genetic and the condition is present from before birt
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone with a family history of Bartter syndrome is at risk.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child is:Having muscle cramps Not growing well Urinatin
Answer thisWhat to expThe long-term outlook for patients with Bartter syndrome is not certain. Infants who have sev
Answer thisWhat are tMost carcinoid tumors have no symptoms. They only produce the syndrome about 10% of the
Answer thisWhat causeCarcinoid syndrome is the pattern of symptoms sometimes seen in people with carcinoid tum
Answer thisWho is at hCarcinoid tumor (patient information)| Carcinoid tumors patients are at risk of carcinoid synd
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of carcinoid syn
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook in patients with carcinoid syndrome is different from the outlook in patients who
Answer thisWhat are tConfusion may come on quickly or slowly over time, depending on the cause. Many times, con
Answer thisWhat causeAlcohol intoxication Brain tumor Concussion Fever Fluid and electrolyte imbalance Head traum
Answer thisWho is at hConfusion is more common in the elderly, and often occurs during a hospital stay.Some confu
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if:Confusion has come on suddenly or there are other symptoms such as: Cold or clam
Answer thisWhat are tSome babies with congenital hypothyroidism do not appear any signs at birth.Some may have
Answer thisWhat causeHypothyroidism in the newborn may be caused by:A missing or abnormally developed thyroid
Answer thisWho is at hMutations in the DUOX2, PAX8, SLC5A5, TG, TPO, TSHB, and TSHR genes result in congenital h
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You feel your infant shows signs or symptoms of hypothyroidi
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of congenital hypothyroidism depends on whether the baby starts thyroid hormone
Answer thisWhat are tEarly stage diabetic nephropathy has no symptoms. Over time, the kidney's ability to function
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of diabetic nephropathy is unknown, but it is believed that uncontrolled high
Answer thisWho is at hPersons with diabetes who have the following risk factors are more likely to develop this cond
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have diabetes and a routine urinalysis shows protein. Call
Answer thisWhat to expNephropathy is a major cause of sickness and death in persons with diabetes. It is the leading
Answer thisWhat are tNormal vision. Courtesy NIH National Eye Institute The same view with diabetic retinopathy.E
Answer thisWho is at hAll people with either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes The longer the patient has diabetes, the more
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have diabetes and you have not seen an ophthalmologist in the past year, you need to s
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of diabetic retinopathy depends on:Whether your blood sugar and blood pressure a
Answer thisWhat are tInfants with galactosemia can develop symptoms in the first few days of life if they eat formul
Answer thisWho is at hGalactosemia is an inherited disorder. This means it is passed down through families.It occurs
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Your infant has a combination of galactosemia symptoms You
Answer thisWhat to exPeople who get an early diagnosis and strictly avoid milk products can live a relatively normal
Answer thisWhat are tUsually there are no symptoms, or the symptoms are mild and not life threatening to the preg
Answer thisWhat causePregnancy hormones can block insulin from doing its job. When this happens, glucose levels m
Answer thisWho is at hYou are at greater risk for gestational diabetes if you:Are older than 25 when you are pregnan
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you are pregnant and you have symptoms of diabetes.
Answer thisWhat to expMost women with gestational diabetes are able to control their blood sugar and avoid harm to
Answer thisWhat are tConstant hunger and need to eat often Easy bruising and nosebleeds Fatigue Irritability Puffy c
Answer thisWhat causeVon Gierke disease occurs when the body lacks the protein (enzyme) that releases glucose fro
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have a family history of glycogen storage disease or early
Answer thisWhat to expSince treatments have been developed, growth, puberty, and quality of life have improved for
Answer thisWhat are tHypotoniaMuscular weaknessFailure to thriveRespiratory distress
Answer thisWhat CausPompe disease occurs when the body lacks the protein (enzyme) that releases glycogen. This
Answer thisWho is at hSiblings of patients with pompe disease are at highest risk
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have a family history of glycogen storage disease or symp
Answer thisWhere to fMedical care for (disease name) can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to expDepending on the age of onset of glycogen storage disease type 2, the prognosis may vary. Th
Answer thisWhat are tConstant hunger and need to eat often Fatigue Irritability Abdominal protrusion
Answer thisWhat Cause Cori disease occurs when the body lacks the protein (enzyme) that releases glucose from glyco
Answer thisWho is at hSiblings of patients with cori disease are at highest risk
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have a family history of glycogen storage disease or early
Answer thisWhere to fiMedical care for glycogen storage disease type III can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to expSince treatments have been developed, growth, puberty, and quality of life have improved for
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is a swollen thyroid gland. The size may range from a single small nodule t
Answer thisWhat causeThere are different kinds of goiters. A simple goiter can occur for no known reason, or when t
Answer thisWho is at hInherited factors may cause goiters. Risk factors include:Age over 40 years Family history of go
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you experience any swelling in the front of your neck or any o
Answer thisWhat to expA simple goiter may disappear on its own, or may become large. Over time, destruction to the
Answer thisWhat are tBreast enlargement Breast pain
Answer thisWhat causAll men have both androgens and estrogens in fix levels. Androgens are hormones that create
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if: You have recent swelling, pain, or enlargement in one or both
Answer thisWhat are tFatigue Headache Hypertension Intermittent paralysis Muscle weakness Numbness
Answer thisWhat are tPersons with primary hyperaldosteronism have a problem with the adrenal gland that causes
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition is common in people ages 30 - 50.
Answer thisWhat are tHyperandrogenism:Acne Amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods) Changes in female body
Answer thisWhat causIn healthy women, the ovaries and adrenal glands produce about 40 - 50% of the body's testo
Answer thisWhat to exThe success of the treatment depends on what caused the excess androgen production.If the
Answer thisWhat are tHyperkalemia often has no symptoms. Occasionally, people may have the following symptom
Answer thisWhat causePotassium is involved in regulating muscle tissue, and is part of digestion, metabolism, and ho
Answer thisWho is at hAny time potassium is released from the cells, it may build up in the fluid outside the cells and
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symp
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome with this condition varies. In some people, the disorder causes deadly complicati
Answer thisWho is at hElderly patients with type 2 diabetes who have decreased access to fluids or any condition tha
Answer thisWhen to seSeek urgent medical care as soon as possible especially in a diabetic patient, if you experience
Answer thisWhen to seDirections to Hospitals Treating hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state depends on:Whether the patient is diagno
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of hyperthyroidism vary from person to person. Usual signs include the following:G
Answer thisWho is at hGraves’ disease Thyroid nodules Thyroiditis Too much iodine ingestion Over-medicating with s
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of hyperthyroidism develop. If you experience eith
Answer thisWhat to exMany cases of hyperthyroidism are generally treatable. Prognosis depends on whether or not
Answer thisWhat are tCold sweats Confusion Convulsions Coma Double vision or blurry vision Fatigue General discom
Answer thisWhat causHypoglycemia occurs when:Your body's sugar (glucose) is used up too quickly Glucose is relea
Answer thisWho is at hHypoglycemia is relatively common in persons with diabetes.
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room immediately or call a local emergency number (such as 911) if earl
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of hypoglycemia depends on:The cause of hypoglycemia Whether the patient is dia
Answer thisWhat are Common symptoms include:Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus) Convulsions Fatigue Musc
Answer thisWhat causSeveral conditions can cause hypomagnesemia, including:Alcoholism Chronic diarrhea High bl
Answer thisWhen to seHypomagnesemia can be a life-threatening emergency. Call your health care provider if you h
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on the condition that is causing the problem.
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms of hypopituitarism vary, depending on which pituitary hormones are defi
Answer thisWho is at hHead traumaBrain tumor Brain surgery Radiation treatment Autoimmune inflammation, such
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of hypopituitarism depends on:The cause of hypopituitarism: Prognosis of hypopitu
Answer thisWhat are tLipoma is usually asymptomatic. However, it may be painful. Lipomas are often located under
Answer thisWho is at hThe exact cause of lipomas is not clear. Studies suggest injury may help the development of lip
Answer thisWhen to seA lipoma is rarely a serious medical condition. However, a rapidly growing mass needs further
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook of lipoma is always good.
Answer thisWhat are tYou may have intense or uncontrollable thirst, and crave ice water. You will produce large am
Answer thisWhat causeNephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidney tubules do not respond to a chemical
Answer thisWho is at hNephrogenic diabetes insipidus is rare. Congenital diabetes insipidus is present at birth as a re
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Answer thisWhat to expIf a person drinks enough fluids, this condition has no significant effects on the fluid or electro
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on which hormone is made by the tumor.For example, insulinomas produc
Answer thisWhat causeIn the normal pancreas, cells called islet cells produce hormones that regulate a variety of bod
Answer thisWho is at A family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I (MEN I) is a risk factor for islet cell tum
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of these tumors, especially if you have
Answer thisWhat to exYou may be cured if the tumors are surgically removed before they have spread to other orga
Answer thisWhat are tThere are no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Symptoms occurring late in the dise
Answer thisWhat causeOsteoporosis is the most common type of bone disease. Researchers estimate that about 1 ou
Answer thisWho is at hWhite women, especially those with a family history of osteoporosis, have a greater than aver
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of osteoporosis or if you wish to be scree
Answer thisWhat to expMedications to treat osteoporosis can help prevent fractures, but vertebrae that have already
Answer thisWhat are Abdominal pain Chest pain Irritability Nervousness Pallor Palpitations Rapid heart rate Severe
Answer thisWhat causPheochromocytoma may occur as a single tumor or as more than one growth. It usually devel
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of pheochromocytoma You had a pheoch
Answer thisWhat to exMost patients who have noncancerous tumors that are removed with surgery are still alive aft
Answer thisWhat are tMost pituitary tumors produce too much of one or more hormones. As a result, symptoms of
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of pituitary adenomas are unknown. However, some are part of a hereditary disor
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop any symptoms of a pituitary tumor.
Answer thisWhat to expIf the tumor can be surgically removed, the outlook is fair to good, depending upon whether t
Answer thisWhat are tBefore 8 or 9 yeays old, girls and boys with precocious puberty show signs of secondary sex ch
Answer thisWho is at hCongenital adrenal hyperplasia Disorders of the testicles, ovaries, or adrenal glands Hypothala
Answer thisWhen to seIf your child has any signs and symptoms of precocious puberty, call your health care provider
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis in patients with precocious puberty depends on the cause.
Answer thisWhat are tA female with amenorrhea will have no menstrual flow with or without other signs of puberty
Answer thisWhat causeHormones play a big role in a woman's menstrual cycle. Hormone problems can occur when:C
Answer thisWho is at hMost girls begin menstruating between ages 9 and 18, with an average around 12 years old. P
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health provider if your daughter is older than age 16 and has not yet begun menstru
Answer thisWhat to exOverall the outlook is good, depending on the cause of the amenorrhea. If the amenorrhea is
Answer thisWhat are tEarly prolactinoma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notic
Answer thisWhat causeAlthough research continues to unravel the mysteries of disordered cell growth, the cause of
Answer thisWho is at hProlactinoma is the most common type of pituitary tumor (adenoma). It makes up at least 30%
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of prolactinoma develop. If you have had a prolacti
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of prolactinoma depends on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be rem
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of hyperthyroidism vary from person to person. Usual signs include the following:G
Answer thisWho is at hGraves’ disease Thyroid nodules Thyroiditis Too much iodine ingestion Over-medicating with s
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of hyperthyroidism develop. If you experience eith
Answer thisWhat to expMany cases of hyperthyroidism are generally treatable. Prognosis depends on whether or not
Answer thisWhat are tNo menstrual period for 6 months or longer Previously had one or more menstrual periods th
Answer thisWhat causWomen who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause are not considered to have second
Answer thisWho is at Procedures such as a dilation and curettage (D and C) can lead to scar tissue formation that m
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your primary health care provider or OB/GYN provider if you hav
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook depends on the cause of amenorrhea. Most of the conditions that cause seconda
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary, depending on the degree of abnormality in the serum sodium concentration
Answer thisWhat causThe causes of SIADH are many, and because the disease may present with features of electrol
Answer thisWho is at hCentral nervous system disease: Brain tumors, trauma, infection such as meningitis and encep
Answer thisWhen to seDepending on the degree of the dilution hyponatremia, presentation of SIADH varies. It can be
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis of SIADH depends on the severity of the disease and the promptness of treatment.
Answer thisWhat causeUnintentional weight gain can be caused by many different things.As you age, our metabolism
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if the following symptoms occur along with the weight gain
Answer thisWhat to expYour health care provider will perform a physical examination, measure your height and weigh
Answer thisWhat are tUsual syptoms include:Burning sensation in the abdomen Nausea and vomiting Weight loss D
Answer thisWho is at hThe most potent risk factor in the development of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is Multiple endo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome develop. If you exper
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome for patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome largely depends on the nature and e
Answer thisWhat are tPassing an excessive amount of gas or burping too frequently. Abdominal bloating Cramping a
Answer thisWhat causeAir swallowing (a nervous habit) Constipation Gastroesophageal reflux Irritable bowel syndrom
Answer thisWho is at hFemale gender High body mass index or high BMI
Answer thisWhat are tAn abdominal mass is usually found during a routine physical examination, as it develops slow
Answer thisWhat causAbdominal aortic aneurysm can cause a pulsating mass around the navel. Bladder distention (
Answer thisWhen to seSeek immediate medical help if you have a pulsating lump in your abdomen along with severe
Answer thisWhat are tAlmost everyone has pain in the abdomen at one time or another, a majority of which are not
Answer thisWhat causeMany different conditions can cause abdominal pain. The key is to know when you need to ge
Answer thisWhen to seSeek immediate medical help or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if you:Are cu
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is not very clear. It is thought to be related to abnormal embryo development.
Answer thiswhat are t Some patients with accessory pancreas may not show any symptom or sign. The disorder is re
Answer thisWho is at rStudies suggest that this disorder is related to abnormal embryo development.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of accessory pancreas develop. If you experience e
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of accessory pancreas depends on whether secondary pathologic changes take
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is pain in the upper right side or upper middle of the abdomen. The pain m
Answer thisWhat causeIn 90% of cases, acute cholecystitis is caused by gallstones in the gallbladder. Other causes inc
Answer thisWho is at hGallstone disease Women are at more risk than men. Native Americans and Hispanics have a h
Answer thisWhen to seSevere abdominal pain If symptoms of cholecystitis return after a previous episode
Answer thisWhat to expPatients who have surgery to remove the gallbladder usually do very well.
Answer thisWhat are tDiarrhea may be accompanied by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, or an urgent ne
Answer thisWhat are tAcute diarrhea is usually related to a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic diarrhea is
Answer thisWho is at rAnyone can get diarrhea. This common problem can last a day or two or for months or years,
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with anal fistula may experience the following symptoms:Pain Discharge, either blood
Answer thisWho is at hThe following factors increase your chance of developing an anal fistula. If you have any of the
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of anal fistula develop. If you experience either of t
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis for fistulas is excellent after surgery.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of ankyloglossia include an inability to stick the tongue forward, difficulty feeding,
Answer thisWhat causeTongue tie occurs when the tissue on the underside of the front of the tongue is positioned to
Answer thisWho is at hAnkyloglossia may be genetic.
Answer thisWhen to seIf you are concerned that your child may have tongue tie, have your health care provider exam
Answer thisWhat to expSurgery, if performed, is usually successful.
Answer thisWhat are tThe following symptoms may occur:Abdominal pain which is in the right upper side or middle
Answer thisWhat causeCholangitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, which can occur when the duct is blocked
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include a previous history of gallstones, sclerosing cholangitis, HIV, narrowing of t
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of cholangitis.
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually good with treatment, but poor without it. Modern improvements in di
Answer thisWhat are tWhen just a small amount of fluid has collected in the belly, there may be no symptoms. Symp
Answer thisWhat causeA person with ascites usually has severe liver disease. Ascites due to liver disease is caused by
Answer thisWhen to CoAnyone who has ascites and develops new abdominal pain and fever should contact their hea
Answer thisWhat are tDiarrhea Fatty stools Fullness after a meal Loss of appetite Nausea Unintentional weight loss
Answer thisWhat causeThe name of this condition refers to the "blind loop" formed by the blocked intestine. This blin
Answer thisWho is at hHaving a surgical procedure such as a subtotal gastrectomy or a procedure for obesity can put
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of blind loop syndrome.
Answer thisWhat causeThe upper part of the GI tract will usually cause black stools due to: Abnormal blood vessels (v
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor immediately if you notice blood or changes in the color of your stool. Even if y
Answer thisWhat are tMost common symptoms of Boerhaave syndrome include:Severe throat pain Upper abdomina
Answer thisWhat causCauses of Boerhaave syndrome include:Seizures Severe straining Vomiting Childbirth Procedu
Answer thisWho is at Overindulgence in food Iatrogenic Alcohol History of allergies Medication-induced esophagitis
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider promptly if there is a rectal prolapse.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually do not occur unless the stone blocks the common bile duct. Symptoms that
Answer thisWhat causeWhile stones can frequently pass through the common bile duct into the duodenum, some sto
Answer thisWho is at hRisk Factors include:A previous medical history of gallstonesCholedocholithiasis can occur in p
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if abdominal pain with or without feve
Answer thisWhat to expBlockage and infection caused by stones in the biliary tract can be life threatening. However, w
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Chronic pancreatitis includeAbdominal pain Greatest in the upper abdomen Ma
Answer thisWhat causeChronic pancreatitis causes inflammation and scarring of tissue in the pancreas. This makes th
Answer thisWho is at hChronic pancreatitis occurs more frequently in men than in women. This may be because alco
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of pancreatiti
Answer thisWhat to expThis is a serious disease that may lead to disability and death. You can reduce the risk by avoid
Answer thisWhat are tPolyps usually do not have symptoms. When present, symptoms may include:Blood in the sto
Answer thisWhat Cause Polyps of the colon and rectum are most often benign. This means they are not a cancer and d
Answer thisWho is at hPolyps bigger than 1 centimeter (cm) have a higher cancer risk than polyps smaller than 1 cen
Answer thisWhen to seCall your provider if you have:Blood in a bowel movement Change in bowel habit
Answer thisWhere to fMedical care for (disease name) can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to expOutlook is excellent if the polyps are removed. Polyps that are not removed can develop into
Answer thisWhat are tSevere breathing difficulty usually develops shortly after the baby is born, because of ineffecti
Answer thisWhat are tA diaphragmatic hernia is caused by the improper joining of structures during fetal developme
Answer thisWho is at rCongenital diaphragmatic hernia is seen in 1 out of every 2,200 to 5,000 live births. Most affec
Answer thisHow to knoThe pregnant mother may have excessive amounts of amniotic fluid. Fetal ultrasound may sho
Answer thisWhat are tWhen the stool is hard, infrequent, and requires significant effort to pass, you have constipati
Answer thisWhat are tTo understand constipation, it helps to know how the colon, or large intestine, works. As food
Answer thisWho is at rConstipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints in the United States. Mo
Answer thisHow to knoThe tests the doctor performs depend on the duration and severity of the constipation, the pe
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if you have:Sudden constipation with abdominal cramps and an inability to pa
Answer thisWhat are tSkin tastes salty Baby does not pass stool when first bornPulmonary infections (cause frequen
Answer thisWhat CausesThe CFTR gene makes a protein that controls the movement of salt and water in and out of th
Answer thisWho is at hiEvery person inherits two CFTR genes, one from each parent. Children who inherit two faulty
Answer thisWhere to fiMedical care for cystic fibrosis can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to expLife expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis has been increased over past decades because
Answer thisWhat are tDiarrhea may be accompanied by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, or an urgent ne
Answer thisWhat are tAcute diarrhea is usually related to a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic diarrhea is
Answer thisWho is at rAnyone can get diarrhea. This common problem can last a day or two or for months or years,
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of inguinal hernia include:a small bulge in one or both sides of the groin that may i
Answer thisWhat are thDirect inguinal hernias are caused by connective tissue degeneration of the abdominal muscle
Answer thisWho is at rAn inguinal hernia can occur any time from infancy to adulthood and is much more common i
Answer thisHow to knoTo diagnose inguinal hernia, the doctor takes a thorough medical history and conducts a phys
Answer thisWhat are tMany people don’t have symptoms accompanying diverticulosis,but some people may experie
Answer thisWhat are thDoctors are not sure what causes diverticular disease. Many think a diet low in fiber is the ma
Answer thisWho is at hPeople over the age of 40. Starting at age 40, the chance of getting it increases about every 10
Answer thisWhen to seContact a doctor if you notice symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pa
Answer thisWhat to expMost people with the disease do not have serious problems, but some people have severe sym
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include:A feeling of heat, burning, or pain in the area between the navel and t
Answer thisWhat causeIndigestion may be triggered by:Drinking too much alcohol Eating spicy, fatty, or greasy foods
Answer thisWhen to seSeek immediate medical help if your symptoms include jaw pain, chest pain, back pain, profus
Answer thisWhat to expYour doctor will perform a physical examination, paying special attention to the stomach area
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain, the feeling of food stuck in the throat, or heaviness or pressure in the neck or upp
Answer thisWhat causeSwallowing is a complex act. Many nerves work in a fine balance to control how the muscles o
Answer thisWhen to CoCall your health care provider if swallowing problems do not improve after a few days, or they
Answer thisWhat are tBluish coloration to the skin (cyanosis) with attempted feedings Coughing, gagging, and chokin
Answer thisWhat causeEsophageal atresia is a congenital defect, which means it occurs before birth. There are severa
Answer thisWho is at hEsophageal atresia occurs in about 1 out of 4,000 births.
Answer thisWhen to seThis disorder is usually diagnosed shortly after birth.Call your baby's health care provider if th
Answer thisWhat to expAn early diagnosis gives a better chance of a good outcome.
Answer thisWhat are tTrouble swallowing Pain with swallowing Unintentional weight loss Regurgitation of food
Answer thisWhat Cause Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Eosinophilic esophagitis Injuries caused by an endoscope Lon
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have swallowing problems that do not go away.
Answer thisWhere to fMedical care for esophageal stricture can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to expThe stricture may come back in the future. This would require a repeat dilation.
Answer thisWhat are tGroin discomfort or groin pain aggravated by bending or lifting Tender lump in the groin or up
Answer thisWhat are tA hernia occurs when abdominal contents, usually part of the small intestine, push through a
Answer thisWho is at rGender: Women are more likely to develop femoral hernias than men
Answer thisHow to knoA physical examination reveals the hernia. Tests are usually not necessary.
Answer thisWhat are tBecause the gallbladder is located deep inside the body, your doctor cannot see or feel tumor
Answer thisWho is at hThere are some factors that may increase the chance of acquiring gallbladder cancer. These ri
Answer thisWhen to seGallbladder cancer forms tumors which are very difficult to detect in the early stages. If sympt
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis is not good for most gallbladder cancer patients if the cancer is detected in its l
Answer thisWhat are tBecause the gallbladder is located deep inside the body, your doctor cannot see or feel tumor
Answer thisWho is at hThere are some factors that may increase the chance of acquiring gallbladder cancer. These ri
Answer thisWhen to seGallbladder cancer forms tumors which are very difficult to detect in the early stages. If sympt
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis is not good for most gallbladder cancer patients if the cancer is detected in its l
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain Abdominal indigestion Dark stools Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Vomiting
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for Gastritis include:Consuming excessive amounts of alcohol Consuming excessiv
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of gastritis persist longer
Answer thisWhat to expMost gastritis improves rapidly with treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom of GERD in adults is frequent heartburn, also called acid indigestion—burn
Answer thisWhat are tThe reason some people develop GERD is still unclear. However, research shows that in peopl
Answer thisWho is at rRisk factors of GERD include:Pregnancy Obesity Hiatal hernia Scleroderma Smoking Drinking a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms worsen or do not improve with lifestyle changes or
Answer thisWhat to expThe majority of people respond to nonsurgical measures, with lifestyle changes and medicatio
Answer thisWhat are tThe amount of GI bleeding may be so small that it can only be detected on a lab test such as t
Answer thisWhat causeGI bleeding may be due to conditions that are not serious, including:Anal fissure Hemorrhoids
Answer thisWho is at hCall for an appointment with your doctor if:You have black, tarry stools (this may be a sign of G
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your doctor if:You have black, tarry stools (this may be a sign of G
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of GIST include:Blood (either bright red or very dark) in the stool or vomit
Answer thisWhat causeGenetic mutations are considered the most identifiable cause of GIST. Around 95% of these m
Answer thisWho is at hAge and genetic factors can increase the risk of having a GIST. Individuals in the age group of 5
Answer thisWhen to seIf you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as po
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:How quick
Answer thisWhat are tSigns and symptoms of gastroparesis include:Heartburn Pain in the upper abdomen Nausea V
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common cause of gastroparesis is diabetes. People with diabetes have high blood gl
Answer thisWho is at rRisk factors for gastroparesis include:Diabetes Gastrectomy Systemic sclerosis Use of medicati
Answer thisHow to knoAfter performing a full physical exam and taking your medical history, your doctor may order s
Answer thisWhat are Usual symptoms of glucagonoma involve a series of signs of hyperglucagonemia and hypoami
Answer thisWho is at The cause of glucagonoma is not clear.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of glucagonoma develop. If you experience either o
Answer thisWhat to exApproximately 60% of these tumors are cancerous, therefore prognosis of glucagonoma depe
Answer thisWhat causeAlmost everyone has heartburn sometimes. If you have heartburn very often, you may have g
Answer thisWho is at hDrugs that can cause heartburn include:Anticholinergics (e.g., for sea sickness) Beta-blockers f
Answer thisWhen to seGet urgent medical care if:You vomit material that is bloody or looks like coffee grounds Your
Answer thisWhat to expHeartburn is usually easy to diagnose from the symptoms you describe to your doctor. Someti
Answer thisWhat are Patients may experience the following symptoms:Vomiting blood Nausea Abdominal pain Fati
Answer thisWhat causEsophagusEsophagitis Ulcer Mallory-Weiss tear Esophageal varices caused by cirrhosisStomac
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor or go to the emergency room if hematemesis occurs. This condition needs im
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of hematemesis depends on:The underlying cause of hematemsis The rate and
Answer thisWhat causA number of conditions, diseases, and medical tests may make you cough up blood, including:
Answer thisWhen to seGet medical help right away if you cough up blood and have:A cough that produces more than
Answer thisWhat are tIn its earliest stages, hepatocellular carcinoma does not cause any symptoms. When the tumo
Answer thisWho is at rThere are some factors that may increase your risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma develop. If one or mor
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is poor and it depends on the following:Whether o
Answer thisWhat are tThe liver is involved in many of the body's functions. It is affected by many conditions that can
Answer thisWhen to seThis condition is usually discovered by a health care provider. You may not be aware of the liv
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal swelling Change in mental status Confusion Delirium Dementia Coarse muscle mov
Answer thisWhat causeHepatorenal syndrome occurs when there is a decrease in kidney function in a person with a l
Answer thisWho is at The disorder occurs in up to 10% of patients hospitalized with liver failure. It is caused by the b
Answer thisWhen to seThis disorder most often is diagnosed in the hospital during treatment for a liver disorder.
Answer thisWhat to exThe predicted outcome is poor. Death usually occurs as a result of secondary infections or hem
Answer thisWhat are tEarly colorectal cancer does not make any symptoms. When the cancer grows larger, people w
Answer thisWho is at hThere are some factors may increase the risk of acquiring the colorectal cancer potentially. Th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of colorectal cancer develop. If one emerges the fo
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of colorectal cancer varies widely. For patients whose tumor is caught early ma
Answer thisHow do I knPatients with hereditary pancreatitis may experience the following symptoms:Chronic abdom
Answer thisWho is at rStudies demonstrate that cationic trypsinogen gene mutations are associated with hereditary
Answer thisHow to knoGenetic testing: The diagnosis of hereditary pancreatitis by genetic testing can be a valuable to
Answer thisWhen to seFollow your physician's suggested diet, prescribed medications, and other medical orders. If y
Answer thisWhat to expAs a chronic disease, the effects of hereditary Pancreatitis may last for months or years. Epide
Answer thisWhat are tA Sore throat that doesn't go away A Lump in the neck Pain or ringing in the ears Trouble swa
Answer thisWhat Cause People who smoke or use tobacco are at risk of developing throat cancer. Excessive alcohol us
Answer thisWho is at hMost cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50. Men are more likely than women
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness o
Answer thisWhen to seMedical care for hypopharyngeal cancer can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook for people with hypopharyngeal cancer varies by the stage (extent) of the cancer
Answer thisHow do I kAnal opening very near the vaginal opening in girls Missing or misplaced opening to the anus N
Answer thisWho is at rThe cause of imperforate anus is not clear. Many forms of imperforate anus are associated wi
Answer thisHow to knoPhysical exam: A doctor can diagnose this condition during a physical exam. A fistula, an abno
Answer thisWhen to seThis disorder is usually discovered when the newborn infant is first examined. Call your baby's
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, the outcome of imperforate anus is usually good. The prognosis depends on
Answer thisHow do I knAbdominal wall pain Reducible hernia: There is a bulge in the abdominal area. It may be tende
Answer thisWho is at rObesity Pregnancy A history of multiple abdominal surgeries Chronic and severe constipation
Answer thisHow to knoPhysical exam: The doctor can diagnose incisional hernia by a physical examination. The docto
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of incisional hernia develop. If you experience eith
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include:A feeling of heat, burning, or pain in the area between the navel and t
Answer thisWhat causeIndigestion may be triggered by:Drinking too much alcohol Eating spicy, fatty, or greasy foods
Answer thisWhen to seIndigestion is a common problem, usually not a sign of a more serious health problem, unless
Answer thisWhat to expYour doctor will perform a physical examination, paying special attention to the stomach area
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of inguinal hernia includea small bulge in one or both sides of the groin that may in
Answer thisWhat causesIndirect inguinal hernia's are congenital and is caused by failure of the inguinal ring to close ju
Answer thisWho is at hPremature infants are especially at risk for indirect inguinal hernias because there is less time
Answer thisWhen to seeContact your doctor if you experience any of the symptoms associated with an indirect inguin
Answer thisWhat to expSurgery for inguinal hernia is usually done on an outpatient basis. Recovery time varies depen
Answer thisWhat are tThe first sign of intussusception is usually sudden, loud crying caused by abdominal pain. The
Answer thisWhat are tIntussusception is caused by part of the intestine being pulled inward into itself. This can bloc
Answer thisWho is at rRisk factors:Age: Intussusception can affect both children and adults, although most cases occ
Answer thisHow to knoYour doctor will perform a thorough examination, which may reveal a mass in the abdomen. T
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms range from mild to severe, however most people have mild symptoms. IBS sympto
Answer thisWhat are tResearchers have yet to discover any specific cause for IBS. One theory is that people who suff
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for IBS:Gender: females are at higher risk than males Age: people younger than 35
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome or if you noti
Answer thisWhat to expIrritable bowel syndrome may be a life-long condition, but symptoms can often be improved o
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms often occur 30 minutes to 2 hours after having milk products. Symptoms may be w
Answer thisWhat cause.Babies' bodies make the lactase enzyme so they can digest milk, including breast milk.Babies
Answer thisWho is at hBetween 30 and 50 million Americans are lactose intolerant and certain ethnic and racial popu
Answer thisWhen to seLactose intolerance is not serious.Call your provider if:You have an infant younger than 2 or 3
Answer thisWhat to expSymptoms most often go away when you remove milk, other dairy products, and other source
Answer thisWhat are tIn its earliest stages, hepatocellular carcinoma does not cause any symptoms. When the tumo
Answer thisWho is at rThere are some factors that may increase your risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma develop. If one or mor
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is poor and it depends on the following:Whether o
Answer thisWhat has bNOTES has been studied through both, animal and human studies. Substantial evidence exists
Answer thisWhat has bColectomy Gastric sleeve resection Peroral esophageal segmentectomy and anastomosis . Py
Answer thisWhat causeMany common problems may cause nausea and vomiting:Food allergies Infections of the stom
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 or go to an emergency room if:You think vomiting is from poisoning. You notice blood
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is a yellow color of the skin.The yellow color is best seen right after gently
Answer thisWhat causeBilirubin is a yellow pigment that is created in the body during the normal recycling of old red
Answer thisWhat are tJaundice is present to some degree in most newborns, and is called physiological jaundice. It u
Answer thisWhen to seAll babies should be seen by a health care provider in the first 5 days of life to check for jaund
Answer thisWhat to expUsually newborn jaundice is not harmful. For most babies, jaundice usually gets better withou
Answer thisWhat are t“Odynophagia” is the medical term for painful swallowing. Pain can be felt in your mouth, thr
Answer thisWhat causOdynophagia may sometimes be related to a minor condition, such as the common cold. In su
Answer thisWho is at hThe following are risk factors for dysphagia: Aging. Due to natural aging and normal wear and
Answer thisWhen to seIf your doctor doesn’t detect any underlying medical issue, painful swallowing might resolve o
Answer thisWhat to exWhen caught and treated early, many underlying health conditions can improve, along with p
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms can occur within days to months after an attack of pancreatitis, and include:Bloatin
Answer thisWhat are tPancreatic pseudocysts most often develop after an episode of severe, acute pancreatitis. Acu
Answer thisWho is at rPatients with acute or chronic pancreatitis Patients who endure some type of trauma to the a
Answer thisHow to knoThe health care provider may palpate your abdomen to feel for a pseudocyst, which feels like
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal distention Abdominal pain or tenderness Fever Fluid in the abdomen Inability to p
Answer thisWhat causeA collection of pus in the abdomen, called an intra-abdominal abscess, may cause peritonitis.
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for liver disease include alcoholic cirrhosis and other diseases that lead to cirrhosi
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symp
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, patients usually do well. Without treatment, the outcome is usually poor. Ho
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of PJS are:Brownish or bluish-gray spots on the lips, gums, inner lining of the mout
Answer thisWhat causeIt is not known how many people are affected by PJS. The National Institutes of Health estima
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with genetic mutations are at highest risk such as BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutations
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your provider if you or your baby has symptoms of this condition
Answer thisWhat to exThere may be a high risk for these polyps becoming cancerous. Some studies link PJS with can
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptoms of PSC includeitching fatigue yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyesA
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of PSC are not known. Genes, immune system problems, bacteria, and viruses may
Answer thisWho is at hPSC is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). About three out of four people with PSC ha
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have jaundice and itching that do not go away.
Answer thisWhat to expHow well patients do varies. The disease tends to get worse over time and most patients deve
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of pseudomyxoma peritonei include:Increase in abdominal girth Abdominal pain N
Answer thisWhat causThere are no established causes for pseudomyxoma peritonei, it is shown in studies that pseu
Answer thisWho is at Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.1 person per 100,000 people
Answer thisWhen to sePatients with pseudomyxoma peritonei usually are asymptomatic at the beginning but any inc
Answer thisWhat to exMajority of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei experience good prognosis with exception
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is a reddish-colored mass that sticks out from the opening of the anus, esp
Answer thisWhat causeRectal Prolapse is often associated with the following conditions:Anatomical abnormalities Pe
Answer thisWho is at hElderly patients Female genderIncrease intra-abdominal pressure such as straining, constipati
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider promptly if there is a rectal prolapse.
Answer thisWhat to expTreating the underlying condition usually cures the problem. In otherwise-healthy elderly pati
Answer thisWhat are tReye syndrome often begins with vomiting, which lasts for many hours. The vomiting is quickl
Answer thisWhat causeReye's syndrome is of unknown cause.Causes for similar symptoms includeVarious inborn me
Answer thisWho is at Reye syndrome is most often seen in children ages 4 - 12. Most cases that occur with chickenp
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) immediately if yo
Answer thisWhat to exDocumented cases of Reye’s syndrome in adults are rare. The recovery of adults with the synd
Answer thisWhat are tDiarrhea Fatigue Pale, greasy stools Swelling (edema), especially of the legs Very foul-smelling
Answer thisWhat causeWhen areas of the small intestine are removed by surgery, or they are missing due to a birth d
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include diseases of the small intestine that may require surgery, such as Crohn's d
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of short bow
Answer thisWhat to exThe condition may improve over time if it occurs as a result of surgery. There may be a gradua
Answer thisWhat are The major function of bone marrow is to produce new blood cells. These include red blood ce
Answer thisWhat causShwachman-Diamond syndrome occurs when the bone marrow malfunctions and does not m
Answer thisWho is at Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a genetic disorder, so a person with a family history of the
Answer thisHow do peThis condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the
Answer thisHow commo Researchers are not sure how common Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is. Several hundred c
Answer thisWhat geneMutations in the SBDS gene have been identified in about 90 percent of people with the chara
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of splenomegaly include:Hiccups Inability to eat a large meal Pain on the upper left
Answer thisWhat causInfections Bacterial infections (subacute bacterial endocarditis) Cat scratch disease Infectious
Answer thisWhen to seThere are usually no symptoms from an enlarged spleen. However, some people have pain in
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common symptoms of ulcerative colitis are abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Pa
Answer thisWhat causesMany theories exist about what causes ulcerative colitis. People with ulcerative colitis have ab
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include a family history of ulcerative colitis, or Jewish ancestry. The incidence is 10
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if you develop persistent abdominal pain, new or increased blee
Answer thisWhat to expThe course of the disease generally varies. Ulcerative colitis may be inactive and then get wor
Answer thisWhat are tA hernia can vary in width from less than 1 centimeter to more than 5 centimeters.There is a s
Answer thisWhat are tAn umbilical hernia in an infant occurs when the muscle through which blood vessels pass to f
Answer thisWho is at rInfants African Americans Patients with the following pre-existing diseases: Mucopolysacchari
Answer thisHow to knoThe doctor can find the hernia during a physical exam.
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain and cramping Diarrhea (watery, and often in large amounts) Flushing or redne
Answer thisWhat causeVIPoma causes cells in the pancreas to produce high levels of a hormone called vasoactive inte
Answer thisWho is at hVIPomas are usually diagnosed in adults, most commonly at age 50. Women are more likely to
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of VIPoma
Answer thisWhat to exSurgery can usually cure VIPomas. However, in one-third to one-half of patients, the tumor ha
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms usually start slowly. Joint pain is the most common initial symptom. After that, ofte
Answer thisWhat causeWhipple's disease is caused by bacteria named Tropheryma whipplei. It can affect any system
Answer thisWho is at hAlthough risk factors for Whipple's disease are unknown, the disorder mainly affects middle-a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your healthcare provider if you have persistent abdominal pain and diarrhea.If you are be
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal posture of arms and legs Confusion or delirium Dementia Difficulty moving arms an
Answer thisWho is at hWilson's disease is a rare inherited disorder. If both parents carry an abnormal gene for Wilso
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of Wilson's disease. Call a genetic counse
Answer thisWhat to exLifelong treatment is needed to control Wilson's disease. The disorder may cause fatal effects
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Aarksog-Scott syndrome:Distinct facial features such as: a downward slant to th
Answer thisWhat causeAarskog syndrome is a genetic disorder. It affects mainly males, but females may have a milde
Answer thisWho is at hAarskog-Scott syndrome is a genetic disorder. Anyone with a family history of Aarskog-Scott sy
Answer thisHow to knoGenetic testing for mutations in the FGDY1 gene X-rays
Answer thisWhat are tAll people with achondroplasia have short stature. The average height of an adult male with a
Answer thisWhat causeMutations in the FGFR3 gene cause achondroplasia. The FGFR3 gene provides instructions for
Answer thisWho is at hA person is most likely to be affected by achondroplasia if one or both of his parents are affec
Answer thisWhen to seIf there is a family history of achondroplasia and you plan to have children, you may find it hel
Answer thisWhat to expPeople with achondroplasia seldom reach 5 feet in height. Intelligence is in the normal range.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include:Inability to stand without swaying A uneven gait that may look like the
Answer thisWhat causeWhen there is a problem in the communication between parts of the brain that control move
Answer thisWho is at hThose who have a family history of inherited ataxia may be at higher risk for developing ataxia
Answer thisWhen to seMany neurological disorders have ataxia as a symptom. Therefore, if you think you might be e
Answer thisWhat to expOutlook varies widely depending on the cause of the ataxia and whether or not a serious cond
Answer thisWhat are Down syndrome symptoms vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe. Ho
Answer thisWho is at Experts recommend genetic counseling for persons with a family history of Down syndrome w
Answer thisWhen to seA health care provider should be consulted to determine if the child needs special education a
Answer thisWhat are tThe physical features of Fragile X syndrome is prominent around the time of puberty. Physical
Answer thisWhat are tFragile x Syndrome is a genetic disease which is caused by mutation in the Fragile x Mental Re
Answer thisWho is at hThere are no established risk factors for Fragile X syndrome. However, the child with family hi
Answer thisHow to knoThe diagnosis of Fragile X Syndrome is based upon detection of an alteration in the fragile X m
Answer thisWhat are tComplications in Fragile X syndrome patient may include scoliosis or mitral valve prolapse (mo
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary depending on the type of disease, but may include:Bone pain and fractures Co
Answer thisWhat causeThe lack of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme causes harmful substances to build up in the liver,
Answer thisWho is at hGaucher disease affects an estimated 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 100,000 people in the general popula
Answer thisWhat to exHow well a person does depends on the subtype of the disease. The infantile form of Gaucher
Answer thisWho providGenetic counseling is usually provided by genetic counselors. Genetic counselors are present a
Answer thisWhat are tIncreased pressure in the head (increased intracranial pressure) often occurs with increased h
Answer thisWhat causBenign familial macrocephaly (family tendency toward large head size)Canavan disease Hurler
Answer thisWhen to seThe health care provider usually finds macrocephaly during a routine well-baby exam.The hea
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormally increased muscle tone or spasm (myoclonus) Blindness or vision problems Demen
Answer thisWhat causeNCLS is a type of neurodegenerative disorder. It involves the buildup of an abnormal material
Answer thisWho is at hLipofuscinoses are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. That means if both parents carry th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child shows symptoms of blindness or retardation.
Answer thisWhat to expThe younger the person is when the disease appears, the greater the risk for disability and ear
Answer thisWhat are tPhenylalanine plays a role in the body's production of melanin, the pigment responsible for sk
Answer thisWhat causePhenylketonuria (PKU) is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. Both pare
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your infant has not been tested for PKU. This is particularly im
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is expected to be very good if the diet is closely followed, starting shortly after t
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain or tenderness Blood in the urine Excessive urination at night Flank pain on on
Answer thisWhat causePolycystic kidney disease (PKD) is passed down through families (inherited), usually as an auto
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms indicate polycystic kidney disease may be present.
Answer thisWho is at hA personal or family history of PKD increases your risk for the condition. In a family with sever
Answer thisWhat to expThe disease gets worse slowly, eventually resulting in end-stage kidney failure. It is also associ
Answer thisWhat are tChildren with progeria usually look normal at birth and in early infancy. However, within a yea
Answer thisWho is at hProgeria is a very rare disease in the world. The cause is not clear. Researchers found that mu
Answer thisWhen to seSome children with progeria suffer from symptoms of coronary artery disease and stroke, whi
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of children with progeria is very poor. They may suffer from diseases such as corona
Answer thisWhat are tInfants with SMA type I (the most severe form of SMA) are born with very decreased muscle t
Answer thisWhat causeSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a collection of different muscle diseases. Grouped together,
Answer thisPossible C Aspiration Contractions of muscles and tendons Respiratory infections Scoliosis
Answer thisWhen to CoCall your health care provider if your child:Appears weak Develops any other symptoms of spi
Answer thisWhat are tThe most common form of Tay-Sachs disease becomes apparent in infancy. Infants with this d
Answer thisWho is at rTay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive condition, which means both copies of the gene i
Answer thisWhen to seSee your doctor immediately if your child displays any of the symptoms listed above
Answer thisWhat are tDementia symptoms involve difficulty with many areas of mental function, including:Language
Answer thisWhat causeScientists do not yet fully understand what causes Alzheimer’s disease, but it is clear that it de
Answer thisWho is at hAge and family history are the best-understood risk factors for AD.As you get older, your risk o
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if someone close to you experiences symptoms of senile demen
Answer thisWhat to exThe trajectory of AD is different for each person. If AD develops quickly, it is more likely to wo
Answer thisCentenariaOne way to find what helps people live long healthy lives is to study those who have succeede
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of hearing loss may include:Certain sounds seem too loud Difficulty following conv
Answer thisWhat are tConductive hearing loss (CHL) occurs because of a mechanical problem in the outer or middle
Answer thisWhat are tIncreased sensitivity of the skin along the path of the damaged nerve, so that any touch or pre
Answer thisWhat causeCauses of neuralgia include:Chemical irritation Chronic renal insufficiency Diabetes Infections,
Answer thisWho is at hNeuralgia is more common in elderly people, but it may occur at any age.
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if:You develop shingles You have symptoms of neuralgia, es
Answer thisWhat to expMost neuralgias are not life-threatening and are not signs of other life-threatening disorders.
Answer thisWhat causeBenign prostatic hyperplasia Certain drugs including diuretics, demeclocycline, lithium, metho
Answer thisWhen to seMake an appointment with your health care provider if:Excessive nighttime urination continue
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of Parkinson's disease vary with each individual and the stage of Parkinson's diseas
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause of Parkinson's disease is unknown. Many researchers believe that a combination of
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Parkinson's disaese develop.
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of Parkinson's disease varies from person to person. It depends on:Whether the
Answer thisWhat are tLong-term or heavy menstrual bleeding Painful menstruation, which gets increasing worse Pe
Answer thisWhat causThe cause is unknown. Sometimes adenomyosis may cause a mass or growth within the uteru
Answer thisWho is at hThe disease usually occurs in women older than 30 who have had children. It is more likely in
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of adenomyo
Answer thisWhat to exSymptoms usually go away after menopause. A hysterectomy completely relieves symptoms.
Answer thisWhat are tA tender lump on either side of the vaginal opening Fever Pain with sexual intercourse
Answer thisWhat causeA Bartholin's abscess forms when a small opening (duct) from the gland gets blocked. Fluid in
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if a painful, swollen lump is noted on t
Answer thisWhat to expThe chance of full recovery is excellent. About 10% of the time, abscesses recur.It is importan
Answer thisHow is theYou will lie on a table and place your feet in stirrups to position your pelvis for examination. T
Answer thisWho needsColposcopy is done to detect either cancer of the cervix or changes that may lead to cancer at
Answer thisHow to preThere is no special preparation. You may be more comfortable if you empty your bladder and
Answer thisWhat do I The placement of the instrument (speculum) to better see the cervix may be more uncomfort
Answer thisWhen to seAfter biopsy, call your health care provider if:Bleeding is very heavy or lasts for longer than 2 w
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Colposcopic biopsy
Answer thisWhat to expAfter the biopsy, you may have some bleeding for up to a week. You may have mild cramping,
Answer thisWhat are tA bladder that has dropped from its normal position may cause two kinds of problems-unwan
Answer thisWhat causeA cystocele may result from muscle straining while giving birth. Other kinds of straining-such a
Answer thisWho is at hFollowing factors increases the risk for developing cyslocele:Vaginal delivery of a child Risk inc
Answer thisWhen to seConsult your health care provider if you experience the above mentioned symptoms.
Answer thisHow is theD and C, also called uterine scraping, may be performed in the hospital or in a clinic while you
Answer thisWho needsThis procedure may be done to:Diagnose conditions such as uterine cancer Remove tissue aft
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Dilation and curettage
Answer thisWhat to expYou may return to normal activities as soon as you feel better, possibly even the same day. Th
Answer thisWhat causeA diaphragm that does not fit properly Endometriosis Genital irritation from soaps, detergent
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:Home remedies are not working. You have other symptoms with painful int
Answer thisHow is theThis procedure may be done with or without anesthesia. You will lie on your back with your fe
Answer thisWho needsThe test is done to find the cause of:Abnormal menstrual periods (heavy, prolonged, or irregu
Answer thisHow to preThere is no special preparation for the biopsy. You may want to take ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin
Answer thisWhat do I The instruments may feel cold. You may feel some pain when the cervix is grasped. You may h
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Endometrial biopsy
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of germ cell tumor depend on the location of the cancer. Early cancer does not
Answer thisWho is at hAt present, the risk factors for the development of a germ cell tumor are not known.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of germ cell tumor develop. If you experience eithe
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of germ cell tumor depends on the following:Whether the tumor is benign or ca
Answer thisWhat are Gonadoblastoma has no specific signs and symptoms. It is a tumor usually arising from a mald
Answer thisWhat CausThe exact cause of gonadoblastoma is not clear, but it usually arises in the setting of maldevel
Answer thisWho is at Individuals with sex organ maldevelopment disorders are at highest risk of developing gonado
Answer thisWhen to seIndividuals with a known diagnosis of sexual maldevelopment disorders such as:Androgen ins
Answer thisWhere to fMedical care for gonadoblastoma can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to exGonadoblastoma prognosis is excellent after the surgical removal of the tumor. In the case of
Answer thisWhat are tOvarian cancer symptoms are often vague. Women and their doctors often blame the sympto
Answer thisWhat causeOvarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer among women, and it causes more deaths th
Answer thisWho is at hThe risk for developing ovarian cancer appears to be affected by several factors. The more chi
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you are a woman over 40 years old w
Answer thisWhat to expOvarian cancer is rarely diagnosed in its early stages. It is usually quite advanced by the time d
Answer thisWhat Cause All women normally produce low levels of male hormones (androgens). Unwanted hair growt
Answer thisWhen To Se Call your doctor if:The hair grows rapidly. The hair growth is associated with male features suc
Answer thisWhere To FDirections to Hospitals Treating Hirsutism)
Answer thisWhen to seIt is important to have regular checkups with your health care provider when taking hormone
Answer thisWhat diseaHPV is a common virus that is spread through sexual contact. There are many different types o
Answer thisWho needsGardasil is approved for:Females ages 9-26 to protect against cervical cancer and to prevent g
Answer thisWhen to seYou aren't sure whether you or your child should receive the HPV vaccine You or your child de
Answer thisWhat to expThe HPV vaccine does not protect against all types of HPV that lead to cervical cancer. Girls an
Answer thisWhat diseaHPV is a common virus that is spread through sexual contact. There are many different types o
Answer thisWho needsGardasil is approved for:Females ages 9-26 to protect against cervical cancer and to prevent g
Answer thisWhen to seYou aren't sure whether you or your child should receive the HPV vaccine You or your child de
Answer thisWhat to expThe HPV vaccine does not protect against all types of HPV that lead to cervical cancer. Girls an
Answer thisHow is theDuring a hysterectomy, your doctor may remove the entire uterus or just part of it. The fallop
Answer thisWho needsThere are many reasons a woman may need a hysterectomy. The procedure may be recomme
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Hysterectomy
Answer thisWhat to exHow long it takes you to recover depends on the type of hysterectomy. Recovery may take an
Answer thisWhat causeSome amount of breast tenderness is normal. The discomfort may be caused by hormone cha
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have:Bloody or clear discharge from your nipple Given bir
Answer thisWhat are tLow back pain or abdominal pain that is dull, sharp, or cramping Tissue or clot-like material th
Answer thisWhat causeMost miscarriages are caused by chromosome problems that make it impossible for the baby
Answer thisWho is at hThe risk for miscarriage is higher in women:Older age, with increases beginning by 30, becomi
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if vaginal bleeding with or without cramping occurs during preg
Answer thisHow is theYou will lie on a table and place your feet in stirrups. The health care provider will insert an ins
Answer thisWho needsThe Pap smear is a screening test for cervical cancer. Most cervical cancers can be detected ea
Answer thisHow to preTell your health care provider if you:Are taking any medications or birth control pills Have had
Answer thisWhat do I A Pap smear may cause some discomfort, similar to menstrual cramps. You may also feel som
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Pap smear
Answer thisWhat to exThe Pap smear test is not 100% accurate. Cervical cancer may be missed in a small number of
Answer thisWhat are tA feeling as if sitting on a small ball Difficult or painful sexual intercourse Frequent urination o
Answer thisWhat causeThe uterus is held in position in the pelvis by muscles, special ligaments, and other tissue,. The
Answer thisWho is at hUterine prolapse usually happens in women who have had one or more vaginal births. Norma
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of uterine prola
Answer thisWhat to exp Most women with mild uterine prolapse do not have bothersome symptoms and don't need t
Answer thisWhat are tVaginal cysts usually do not cause symptoms, although there may be a soft lump felt in the va
Answer thisWhat causeThere are several types of vaginal cysts, which can range in size from the size of a pea to that o
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if a lump is felt inside the vagina or protruding from the vagina.
Answer thisWhat to exp The outcome is generally good. Frequently cysts remain small and require no treatment. Whe
Answer thisWhat causeThe following situations can increase the amount of normal vaginal discharge:Emotional stres
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if:Your discharge is associated with fever or pain in your pelvis or a
Answer thisWho Is TheDr. C Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School is the Fou
Answer thisDo You NeeNo. You need to be logged in, but you do not need to be an Editor-in-Chief to edit content.
Answer thisWhat Are TCriteria would include publications of textbooks and manuscripts relevant to the topic. Priorit
Answer thisWhy Use thSo that WikiDoc can automatically generate a table of contents for you. If you just use bold, an
Answer thisWho Is TheDr. C Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School is the Fou
Answer thisDo You NeeNo. You need to be logged in, but you do not need to be an Editor-in-Chief to edit content.
Answer thisWhat Are TCriteria would include publications of textbooks and manuscripts relevant to the topic. Priorit
Answer thisHow Can WWikiDoc scholars board review project has several goals, and some of those are:Provide a rob
Answer thisHow Can YWikiDoc encourages medical students, interns, residents, fellows, and attending level faculty m
Answer thisWhat are tBronchiolitis obliterans usually causes a dry cough and shortness of breath, especially on exer
Answer thisWhat causes The disease can be caused by breathing in irritant fumes, such as chlorine, ammonia, oxides o
Answer thisHow Can WThe WikiDoc team has come up with the'calculator project' intended to solve these problems.
Answer thisHow Can YYour participation as an Assistant Editor-in-Chief in this project is very important to us at Wiki
Answer thisWhy put anAt some point it becomes useful to classify the information according to categories. For instan
Answer thisWhere do IUsually you would type a number in the text like this (1) or this 1 which refers to a reference y
Answer thisWhat if I d You are not required to use the reference manager. You can do the following:Step 1: Place a <
Answer thisHow do I mPut the following code in:This will generate your references in small font, in two columns, wit
Answer thisWhat are tSome heart defects cause major problems right after birth. Others cause few, if any, problems
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, blood returns from the body and flows through the heart and lungsBlood that is low
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your baby has:Bluish skin (cyanosis) or grayish skin Breathing
Answer thisWhat to exp The outlook depends on the specific disorder.
Answer thisHow Can WThe WikiDoc team has come up with the'critical pathways project' intended to solve these pro
Answer thisHow Can YYour participation as an Assistant Editor-in-Chief in this project is very important to us at Wiki
Answer thisWho Is TheDr. C Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School is the Fou
Answer thisDo You NeeNo. You need to be logged in, but you do not need to be an Editor-in-Chief to edit content.
Answer thisWhat Are TCriteria would include publications of textbooks and manuscripts relevant to the topic. Priorit
Answer thisWhat are tMost people with fibroadenoma do not present with any symptoms. Majority of the time, peo
Answer thisWhat causThe exact cause of fibroadenoma is unknown. It is believed that it may be related to the tissue
Answer thisWho is at hCertain factors can predispose to the development of fibroadenoma. They include:Women yo
Answer thisWhen to seIf you notice any changes in size of the breast mass, pain or change in the pain pattern, you sh
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome of fibroadenoma is excellent with the survival rate being equal to that of the gen
Answer thisWhat ColorYou can select a color on the Web colors page.
Answer thisWhere do IUsually you would type a number in the text like this (1) or this 1 which refers to a reference y
Answer thisWhat if I d You are not required to use the reference manager. You can do the following:Step 1: Place a <
Answer thisHow do I mPut the following code in:This will generate your references in small font, in two columns, wit
Answer thisHow Do I SFirst you need to search for the disease name of the page you are creating to see if the page a
Answer thisHow Do I CIf the disease page does not exist, you will create a new microchaptered page using the follow
Answer thisHow Do I CSearch in the Wikidoc search box for the disease name. It is a good idea to search for synonym
Answer thisHow Do I CThe home page will show the microchapter navigation template on the right of the screen, an
Answer thisWhat is a Every user account on WikiDoc has an identity page called the user page. This page serves as a
Answer thisHow do I f Your user page can be accessed at the top right corner of every page.Your user page will have
Answer thisHow can I There are lots of ways you can personalize your page!Below is a template for how to code a u
Answer thisWhen do I Sometimes a topic will have multiple names or abbreviations, and you will want to direct them
Answer thisHow do I chTyping this:Yields this red text:your textAre there other colors? You can create text in any hex
Answer thisHow do I dType <nowiki> before the content and type after the content </nowiki>
Answer thisHow do I chThe fonts come in sizes from 1 to 7. The standard size is 3, unless otherwise specified in the <b
Answer thisHow do I cTyping this:Makes text with Courier font:your text
Answer thisHow do I i For instructions on how to insert an image, Click here
Answer thisHow do I inTo learn how to insert references Click here
Answer thisHow do I aAt some point it becomes useful to classify the information according to categories. An examp
Answer thisHow do I i You add the textsomewhere within the page (it can be added to the bottom of the page) in or
Answer thisHow do I crFor a long page with multiple sections, sometimes you might want your reader to be able to re
Answer thisHow do I up First, click on upload file on the toolbox menu to upload the file from your computer to WikiD
Answer thisHow do I ed In the search box type:mediawiki:sidebarThis editing function may be restricted to administra
Answer thisHow do I crUse the following syntax:
Answer thisHow do I pu You use the cquote temple and type this:{{cquote|text goes here}}And it looks like this:
Answer thisHow do I up 1. First upload your slides to the server by clicking on the button on the left toolbar that says "
Answer thisWhat About To access a more sophisticated tools set for editing, create a page called User:USERNAME/mo
Answer thisWhy log inYou don't have to log in to read any MediaWiki wiki. You don't even have to log in to edit a Me
Answer thisHow Do I InIf you use the following text below, the image below this will appear:This code generates the
Answer thisHow do I geDisplays the following
Answer thisHow Do I AlTo achieve the format below:Normal arteriole Hypertensive arteriole with wall thickening and
Answer thisWho can coThe Incidence and Prevalence Project is intended for editors at an Assistant Editor-in-Chief lev
Answer thisWhy Are SoWikiDoc automatically checks to see if the target of a wikilink exists. If the page doesn't exist,
Answer thisWhat is th Content on the patient information page should be pitched at the 5th or 6th grade educationa
Answer thisHow Should In order to promote consistency, there is a standard structure to the patient pages. We will us
Answer thisWhat are tHere you can list the symptoms that the patient may notice. Remember that signs are differen
Answer thisWhat causeHere you can list the causes of the disease. Remember this is what causes the disease, not wh
Answer thisWho is at hHere you can list, or write in sentences, the most common risk factors for developing the dise
Answer thisWhen to seThis section should focus on the symptoms that may indicate impending life threatening situa
Answer thisWhat to exIn this section you should provide a brief statement of what the patient might expect as the p
Answer thisWhat are Patients usually present with a history of swelling, which is gradual in onset and painless. The
Answer thisWhat causeThere are no established causes for the development of pleomorphic adenoma. However som
Answer thisWho is at The risk factors for the development of Pleomorphic adenoma are as follows:Prior head and n
Answer thisWhen to seThis section should focus on the symptoms that may indicate impending life threatening situa
Answer thisWhat to exPrognosis is generally excellent for most of the patients after surgical resection. Depending on
Answer thisWho can coA quick statement about the intended specialty this applies to. Please indicate if this is an Assi
Answer thisWhy redireSometimes a topic will have multiple names or abbreviations, and you will want to direct them
Answer thisHow Do I RSay you want to redirect the page "Alcohol septal ablation" to a section of the parent page en
Answer thisWhere do IUsually you would type a number in the text like this (1) or this 1 which refers to a reference y
Answer thisWhat if I d You are not required to use the reference manager. You can do the following:Step 1: Place a <
Answer thisHow do I mPut the following code in:This will generate your references in small font, in two columns, wit
Answer thisHow Can I ESither:
Answer thisWhat is anA Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) is an vector image which is constructed through mathematica
Answer thisWhen Shoul Vector images, such as an.SVG, are not always appropriate, especially for certain web applicati
Answer thisHow Do I PThe following is a list of steps to allow you place an.SVG in a page on WikiDoc:Code in MediaW
Answer thisHow Do I FWhat it looks like What you type A picture: A picture: Image:humanbody.jpg With alternative
Answer thisWhere Do M I edical Subject Headings (MeSH)MedlinePlusGoogle SearchDiseases DatabaseWhonamedit
Answer thisWhere Is TSynonyms and keywords are listed at the top of the page, as seen here.
Answer thisWhat Is ThType {{SK}} into the edit box. On the page it will appear like this: Synonyms and keywords: List
Answer thisWhat If So The synonyms should be created into redirects, so that anyone searching for the synonym wil
Answer thisWhat is a A template is a computer program that generates the same content on multiple pages. For ex
Answer thisWhat is WiWikiDoc (<wee-kee doc> or <wick-ey doc>): WikiDoc is an open source website that allows an
Answer thisWhy Did YoView a TEDx Talk by Dr. Gibson about WikiDoc here"The tribe is smarter than any one" C. Mic
Answer thisWhy VoluntAdvantages to joining WikiDoc include expanding your CV, studying for board examinations, n
Answer thisWho Can Vo WikiDoc welcomes everyone from all over the world to join our team. You do not have to be a
Answer thisHow Do I SIn general most newspapers and journals will email you with daily or weekly updates.
Answer thisWhat are tBlood coming from an open wound Bruising Shock, which may cause any of the following sym
Answer thisWhat causeBleeding can be caused by injuries or can occur spontaneously. Spontaneous bleeding is most
Answer thisWhen to seSeek medical help if:Bleeding can't be controlled, required the use of a tourniquet, or was cau
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you develop symptoms of cancer.
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed.Some
Answer thisHow a diff The health care provider will take blood from your vein. The blood collects into an airtight con
Answer thisHow to prepNo special preparation is necessary.
Answer thisHow will a When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others fee
Answer thisWhy is a d This test is done to diagnose an infection, anemia, and leukemia. It may also be used to see if
Answer thisWhat are nNeutrophils: 40% to 60% Lymphocytes: 20% to 40% Monocytes: 2% to 8% Eosinophils: 1% to 4
Answer thisWhat do abAny infection or acute stress increases your number of white blood cells. High white blood cel
Answer thisWhat are thThere is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size fr
Answer thisWhat are tLike all blood cells, leukemia cells travel through the body. The symptoms of leukemia depend
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have leukemia, and have received chemotherapy, you may develop a fever that may refl
Answer thisWhere to gDirections to Hospitals Treating Leukemia
Answer thisWhat to exLeukemia is a very serious disease that can result in many complications. Complications can co
Answer thisWhat are tEarly multiple myeloma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may
Answer thisWho is at hWhile the exact cause of multiple myeloma is not known, clinical data has suggested that the
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of multiple myeloma develop. If you experience eit
Answer thisWhat to exMultiple myeloma is hard to cure. The prognosis depends on the following:Cytogenetic analys
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include any of the following:Trouble breathing when lying down Dizziness Exc
Answer thisWhat causePolycythemia vera is a disorder of the bone marrow. It mainly causes too many red blood cells
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of polycythemia vera develop.
Answer thisWhat to expThe disease usually develops slowly. Most people do not have symptoms related to the diseas
Answer thisWhat are tEarly brain tumor does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice
Answer thisWhat causeClinical data has suggested that the development of brain tumor is related to several factors.R
Answer thisWho is at Clinical data has suggested that the development of brain tumor is related to several factors.R
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of brain tumor develop. If you experience either of
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of brain tumor depends on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be rem
Answer thisWhat are Early thymoma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice o
Answer thisWho is at Not much is known about why thymoma develop in some people but not in others.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of thymoma develop. If you experience either of th
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of thymoma depends on the following:The location of the tumor The stage of th
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary depending on the type of cryoglobulinemia and the organs that are affected. I
Answer thisWhat causeCryoglobulins are antibodies. It is not yet known why they become solid at low temperatures.
Answer thisWho is at hType I cryoglobulinemia is most often related to cancer of the blood or immune systems.Type
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop symptoms of cryoglobulinemia You have hepatiti
Answer thisWhat to expCryoglobulinemia is not usually deadly. However, if the kidneys are affected, the outlook is po
Answer thisHow is theBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the ha
Answer thisWho needsThere are two forms of the Coombs' test: direct and indirect.The direct Coombs' test is used t
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Coombs test
Answer thisWhat to exNormal Results No clumping of cells (agglutination), indicating that there are no antibodies to
Answer thisHow is theBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the ha
Answer thisWho needsThis test is often used to see if you have been exposed to viruses or other substances that cau
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing ELISA
Answer thisWhat to expNormal Results Normal values depend on the type of substance being identified. Normal value
Answer thisWhat are tSome patients may show no signs and symptoms of lupus nephritis. Usual symptoms include:B
Answer thisWhat causeSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, or lupus) is an autoimmune disease. This means there is a
Answer thisWho is at hThe underlying cause of this autoimmune disease is not clear.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if your symptoms of lupus nephritis develop. If you experience the following s
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies, depending on:The class of lupus nephritis: Focal lupus nephritis, minimal
Answer thisWhat are tFever. General ill feeling. Hives. Itching. Joint pain. Rash. Swollen lymph nodes.Note: Symptom
Answer thisWhat causePlasma is the clear fluid portion of blood. It does not contain blood cells, but it does contain m
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if medication or antiserum has been given within the last 4 wee
Answer thisWhat to expThe symptoms usually go away within a few days.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of pyelonephritis can vary depending on a person’s age and may include the follow
Answer thisWhat causePyelonephritis is caused by a bacterium or virus infecting the kidneys. Though many bacteria a
Answer thisWho is at hPeople most at risk for pyelonephritis are those who have a bladder infection and those with a
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you have symptoms of a UTI. Call right away if the followi
Answer thisWhat to expA urinary tract infection is uncomfortable, but treatment is usually successful. If you have a kid
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms vary among the different types of urethritis and may include-Discharge from th
Answer thisWhat causeBoth bacteria and viruses may cause urethritis. The same bacteria that cause this condition ar
Answer thisWho is at hRisks for urethritis include:Being a female Being male, ages 20 to 35 Having many sexual partn
Answer thisWhat to expWith the correct diagnosis and treatment, urethritis most often clears up without further prob
Answer thisWhat are tBloody stools Breath odor Bruising easily Changes in mental status or mood Decreased appeti
Answer thisWhat causeThere are many possible causes of kidney damage. They include:Acute tubular necrosis Autoim
Answer thisWho is at hFactors that may increase your risk of Kidney failure include:Diabetes High blood pressure. He
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your urine output slows or stops or you have other symptoms
Answer thisWhat to expAcute kidney failure is potentially life-threatening and may require intensive treatment. Howe
Answer thisWhat are tNo pupillary response to light No blanking on corneal touch No eye movement on caloric testi
Answer thisWhat causeSevere brain swelling after a serious fall or traffic accident or trauma Massive cerebral hemorr
Answer thisWhat are Coma is not a disease but a condition, which can be caused by many disorders.Onset time: Wh
Answer thisWho is at hA hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke A severe head injury Seizures Brain tumor Brain infections H
Answer thisWhen to seWhen you find someone in coma, call 911 as soon as possible.
Answer thisWhat to exSome patients with coma can recover, while others may keep in a vegetative state. The progn
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms range from mild to serious. They include:Abdominal cramps Dehydration Diarrhea
Answer thisWhat causeHarmful bacteria are the most common cause of foodborne illness. Foods may have some bac
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms differ according to the type of gangrene present. Table 1 summarizes the symptom
Answer thisWhat causeWound constriction that is followed by hemorrhage. Body part compression. Necrosis due to
Answer thisWhen to seIf numbness is felt on the fingers or toes, a visit to the doctor should be done right away. Non
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis will depend on the severity of the gangrene. In some cases, survival is still note
Answer thisWhat are tOften, hyperchloremia does not produce symptoms. Symptoms may include:Excessive fluid lo
Answer thisWhat causeHyperchloremia is caused by:Low Anion Gap (when the difference in positive and negative ion
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who are at risk are patients who have diabetes or kidney diseases.
Answer thisWhen to seConsult a doctor immediately if you have any of these:Drowsiness or confusion Extreme nause
Answer thisWhat to exWhen going to the doctor you will be asked some of these question and be administered a blo
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms include:Abnormal mental status Confusion Decreased consciousness Hall
Answer thisWhat causSodium is found mostly in the body fluids outside the cells. It is very important for maintaining
Answer thisWho is at hAlthough hyponatremia can develop in a variety of disease conditions or due to iatrogenic cau
Answer thisWhen to seHyponatremia can be a life-threatening emergency. Call your health care provider if you have
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on the condition that is causing the problem. In general, acute hyponat
Answer thisWhat are tAs people develop hypothermia, their abilities to think and move are often lost slowly. In fact,
Answer thisWhat causHypothermia occurs when more heat is lost than the body can generate. It is usually caused b
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 anytime you suspect someone has hypothermia. Give first aid while awaiting emerge
Answer thisWhat are tNausea Weakness
Answer thisWhat causesThe most common cause of lactic acidosis is intense exercise. However, it can also be caused b
Answer thisWhat are tMost symptoms are caused by the underlying disease or condition that is causing the metabo
Answer thisWhat causeMetabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid, or when the kidneys are no
Answer thisWho is at hPatient suffering from any of the conditions mentioned above are at risk of metabolic acidosis
Answer thisWhen to seSeek medical treatment if you develop symptoms of any disease that can cause metabolic acid
Answer thisWhat to expWhat can be expected will depend on the underlying disease causing the metabolic acidosis.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms can vary, but may include:Abdominal distention Bluish skin of the face, especially a
Answer thisWhat causeAttempted suicide Blows to the head or seizures while in the water Drinking alcohol while boa
Answer thisWhen to seIf you cannot rescue the drowning person without endangering yourself, call for emergency m
Answer thisWhat are tMost symptoms are caused by the underlying disease or condition that is causing the renal tu
Answer thisWhat causeRenal tubular acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid, or when the kidneys are
Answer thisWho is at hPatient suffering from any of the conditions mentioned above are at risk of renal tubular acido
Answer thisWhen to seSeek medical treatment if you develop symptoms of any disease that can cause renal tubular
Answer thisWhat to expWhat can be expected will depend on the underlying disease causing the renal tubular acidos
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include:Confusion Easy fatigue Lethargy Shortness of breath Sleepiness
Answer thisWhat causeCauses of respiratory acidosis include:Airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive
Answer thisWho is at hPatients who are suffering from any condition listed above have the highest risk of developing
Answer thisWhen to seSevere respiratory acidosis is a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical help if you have
Answer thisWhat to expHow well you do depends on the disease causing the respiratory acidosis.
Answer thisWhat causeDiseases and conditions that affect your breathing can cause respiratory failure. Examples incl
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal urine color (dark, red, or cola colored) General weakness Muscle stiffness or aching
Answer thisWhat causeWhen muscle is damaged, a protein pigment called myoglobin is released into the bloodstream
Answer thisWho is at hAlcoholism (with subsequent muscle tremors) Certain inherited or genetic syndromes Crush In
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms indicate rhabdomyolysis may be present.
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome varies depending on the extent of kidney damage. Acute kidney failure occurs in
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms depend on the type of snake, but may include:Bleeding from wound Blurred vision
Answer thisWhat causePoisonous snake bites include bites by any of the following:Cobra Copperhead Coral snake Co
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 or your local emergency number if someone has been bitten by a snake. If possible, c
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include:General ill feeling and fatigue Generalized itching (pruritus) and dry sk
Answer thisWhat causeEnd-stage kidney disease (ESRD) occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to function at a le
Answer thisWho is at hCertain conditions increases your risk of chronic renal failure, which are as followsDiabetes Hi
Answer thisWhen to seYou must make an appointment with the doctor, if you have any symptoms and sign listed abo
Answer thisWhat to expWithout dialysis or a kidney transplant, death will occur from the buildup of fluids and waste p
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms often begin slowly over time, and may include:Edema (swelling) in any area of the
Answer thisWhat causeMembranous nephropathy is caused by thickening of part of the glomerular basement memb
Answer thisWho is at The following increase your risk for this condition:Exposure to toxins, including gold and merc
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms indicate membranous nep
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook varies. There may be symptom-free periods and acute flare ups. In some cases, th
Answer thisWhat are tNecrosis (tissue death) of the renal papillae may make the kidney unable to concentrate the u
Answer thisWhat causeRenal papillary necrosis is most commonly associated with analgesic nephropathy. However, a
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have bloody urine. Also call if ot
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a person does depends on the underlying condition. If the underlying disorder can b
Answer thisWhat are tBlood clot to the lung Bloody urine Decreased urine output Flank pain or low back pain
Answer thisWhat causeRenal vein thrombosis is an uncommon disorder that may be caused by:Abdominal aortic ane
Answer thisWho is at hIts a relatively less common disease but any of the above mentioned condition can predispose
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of renal vein thrombosis.If you have expe
Answer thisWhat to expRenal vein thrombosis usually gets better over time without permanently injuring the kidneys
Answer thisWhat are tDry or sticky mouth Lethargy or coma (with severe dehydration) Low or no urine output; urine
Answer thisWhat causeDehydration can be caused by losing too much fluid, not drinking enough water or fluids, or b
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 if you or your child have the following symptoms:Confusion Dizziness Lethargy Light-h
Answer thisWhat to expWhen dehydration is found and treated quickly, the outcome is usually good.
Answer thisWhat are tPorphyrias involve three major symptoms:Abdominal pain or cramping (only in some forms of
Answer thisWhat causeNormally, the body makes heme in a multi-step process. Porphyrins are made during several s
Answer thisWhen to CoSeek medical attention as soon as you have signs of an acute attack. Talk to your doctor about
Answer thisWhat to expPorphyrias are life-long diseases with symptoms that come and go. Some forms of the disease
Answer thisWhat are tSnoring is common in adults and is not necessarily a sign of an underlying disorder.Snoring som
Answer thisWhat causeIn most people, the reason for snoring is not known. Some potential causes (other than sleep
Answer thisWhen to seTalk to your doctor if you have: Excessive daytime drowsiness Morning headaches Recent wei
Answer thisWhat are tUsual symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma include:Pain at the site of the tumorSwelling at the site o
Answer thisWhat causeEwing's sarcoma can occur any time during childhood and young adulthood, but usually devel
Answer thisWho is at It is not clear for the cause of Ewing's sarcoma.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has any of the symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma. An ea
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of Ewing's sarcoma depends on:The location of the tumorWhether or not the c
Answer thisWhat causeSimple causes of knee pain often clear up on their own with self care. Being overweight can p
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:You cannot bear weight on your knee You have severe pain, even when not
Answer thisWho sees aPatients are referred to nephrology specialists for various reasons, such as:Acute renal failure
Answer thisWhat causeAcute tubular necrosis is caused by lack of blood supply (ischemia) and oxygenation to the kid
Answer thisWho is at hAcute tubular necrosis is one of the most common causes of kidney failure in hospitalized pati
Answer thisWhat are tDecreased urine output or no urine output General swelling, fluid retention Drowsy, lethargic
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your urine output decreases or stops, or if you develop other
Answer thisWhat to expThe duration of symptoms varies. The decreased urine output phase may last from a few days
Answer thisWhat are tThere may be no symptoms. Symptoms of chronic kidney disease are often present over time
Answer thisWhat causeAnalgesic nephropathy involves damage within the internal structures of the kidney. It is caus
Answer thisWho is at hUse of OTC analgesics containing more than one active ingredient Chronic headaches, painful
Answer thisWhat to exThe damage to the kidney may be acute and temporary, or chronic and long term.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have signs of this condition, especially if there has been a
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of bladder cancer include:Blood in the urine (making the urine slightly rus
Answer thisWhat causeCommon causes of bladder cancer include:ChemotherapyThe chemotherapy drug cyclophosp
Answer thisWho is at hCommon risk factors of bladder cancer include:AgeThe chance of getting bladder cancer goes
Answer thisWhen to seSee your doctor immediately if you experience any of the above symptoms associated with bl
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of bladder cancer depends on location and stage of the disease. When diagnose
Answer thisHow is theHemodialysis works by removing blood from the body and having it flow across a special filter
Answer thisWho needsThe kidneys function as filters for the blood, removing waste products. They also help:Manage
Answer thisWhen to seDialysis is started after a gradual loss of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney diseas
Answer thisWhere to fiDirections to Hospitals Treating DialysisMost often, hemodialysis takes place in a special dialys
Answer thisWhat to expYou should know how to take care of your Graft or Fistula?Avoid all pressure on the access sit
Answer thisWhat are tPain may be felt right where the urine passes out of the body. Or, it may be felt inside the bod
Answer thisWhat causePainful urination is most often caused by:Infection or inflammation somewhere in the urinary
Answer thisWho is at hThose with more than one sexual partner. Those who engage in sex with an infected partner.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:There is drainage or a discharge from your penis or vagina You
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis depends on the cause of the dysuria.
Answer thisWhat are tThe patient with Erectile dysfunction can have the following symptoms:Failure to have an ere
Answer thisWhat causeAn erection requires the interaction of your brain, nerves, hormones, and blood vessels. Anyth
Answer thisWho is at hErection problems tend to become more common as you age, but they can affect men at any
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:The problem does not go away with self-care measures -- effective treatme
Answer thisWhat to expED is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality.
Answer thisWhat are tFoamy urine (from excess protein in the urine) Poor appetite Swelling, called generalized edem
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually unknown.The condition affects bot
Answer thisWhen to seYou should call your doctor if you develop symptoms of this condition, especially if there is fev
Answer thisWhat to expMore than half of those with focal or segmental glomerulosclerosis develop chronic kidney fa
Answer thisWhat are tFoamy urine (from excess protein in the urine) Poor appetite Swelling, called generalized edem
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually unknown.Known causes include:He
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition affects both children and adults. Men and boys are affected slightly more often
Answer thisWhen to seYou should call your doctor if you develop symptoms of this condition, especially if there is fev
Answer thisWhat to expMore than half of those with focal or segmental glomerulosclerosis develop chronic kidney fa
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may occur very slowly over months or even years, but they often develop quickly o
Answer thisWhat causGoodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disorder, a condition that occurs when the immune
Answer thisWho is at Men are eight times more likely to be affected than women. The disease most commonly occu
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if the amount of urine you produce dro
Answer thisWhat to exAn early diagnosis is very important. The patient's outlook is much worse if the kidneys are alr
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may occur very slowly over months or even years, but they often develop quickly o
Answer thisWhat causeGoodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disorder, a condition that occurs when the immune
Answer thisWho is at Men are eight times more likely to be affected than women. The disease most commonly occu
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if the amount of urine you produce dro
Answer thisWhat to exAn early diagnosis is very important. The patient's outlook is much worse if the kidneys are alr
Answer thisWhat are tFrequent sinusitis is the most common symptom. Other early symptoms include a fever that c
Answer thisWhat are thThe cause is unknown. It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder.
Answer thisWho is at hWegener's granulomatosis is most common in middle-aged adults. It is rare in children, but ha
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop chest pain, coughing up blood, blood in the urine
Answer thisWhat to expWithout treatment, people with this disease can die within a few months.With treatment, the
Answer thisWhat are tPassing blood clots or urine appear red in color. Passing stones in urine. Occurring in the early
Answer thisWhat causSeveral conditions can cause hematuria, most of them not serious. For example, exercise may
Answer thisWho is at hPeople of all age group including children can have hematuria. Certain factors increase the ch
Answer thisWhen to seBlood in the urine should never be ignored. Tell your doctor about this symptom and get an ap
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis depends on the severity of the disease. Finding the cause is the main factor wh
Answer thisIs on-line There is current controversy about whether intermittent on-line hemodiafiltration (IHDF) give
Answer thisWhat are tPatients suffering from Metabolic alkalosis usually appear restless, irritable. Patients with met
Answer thisWhat causeCauses of Metabolic Alkalosis are Vomiting, Diarrhea, Diuretics, Cystic Fibrosis, Primary Hyper
Answer thisWho is at hCommon risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include Vomiting, Milk-alkali s
Answer thisWhen to seWhen a individual is feeling restless, irritable. Patients with metabolic alkalosis is usually rema
Answer thisWhat to expEarly stabilization of patient is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
Answer thisWhat are tThe specific symptoms depend on the underlying neurological disorder, and may include:Sym
Answer thisWhat causeSeveral muscles and nerves must work together for your bladder to hold urine until you're rea
Answer thisWho is at hThe patient suffering from diseases mentioned above are at highest risk.
Answer thisWhen to seCall you health care provider if you:Are unable to empty your bladder at all Have signs of a bla
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms associated with obstructive uropathy vary depending on whether the obstruction i
Answer thisWhat causeObstructive uropathy occurs when urine cannot drain through a ureter (a tube that carries uri
Answer thisWho is at hPresence of any of the above mentioned condition increases the risk for the patient.
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you have symptoms of obstructive uropathy or believe th
Answer thisWhat to expIf an acute obstruction is rapidly diagnosed and repaired, kidney damage is minimal or reversi
Answer thisWhat are tPatient have a tendency to drink excess amount of water.
Answer thisWhat causeA recent salty or spicy meal Bleeding enough to cause a significant decrease in blood volume D
Answer thisWho is at hA patient having any of the above mentioned condition can develop Polydipsia.
Answer thisWhen to seExcessive thirst is persistent and unexplained Thirst is accompanied by other unexplained sym
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis depends on the underlying cause.
Answer thisWhat are tSome people have no symptoms of reflux nephropathy. The problem may be found when kidn
Answer thisWhat causeUrine flows from each kidney through tubes called ureters and into the bladder. When the bla
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for reflux nephropathy include:Abnormalities of the urinary tract Personal or fami
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you:Have symptoms of reflux nephropathy Have other new sy
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome varies, depending on the severity of the reflux. Some people with reflux nephrop
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with renovascular hypertension may have a history of high blood pressure that is seve
Answer thisWhat causeWhen the arteries that carry blood to your kidneys become narrow, less blood flows to the kid
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you think you have high blood pressu
Answer thisWhat are tFrequent urination, in the daytime and at night Involuntary loss of urine Sudden and urgent n
Answer thisWhat causeUrge incontinence may result from:Bladder cancer Bladder inflammation Bladder outlet obstr
Answer thisWho is at hPresence of any of the above disease mentioned above increasing your frequency.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider for an appointment if:Your symptoms are causing you problems
Answer thisWhat to expHow well you do depends on your symptoms, an accurate diagnosis, and proper treatment. M
Answer thisWhat are tUrgent urination is a sudden, compelling urge to urinate, along with discomfort in your bladde
Answer thisWhat causeTogether, frequent and urgent urination are classic signs of a urinary tract infection.Diabetes,
Answer thisWho is at hPresence of any of the above disease mentioned above increasing your frequency
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider for an appointment if:Your symptoms are causing you problems
Answer thisWhat to expHow well you do depends on your symptoms, an accurate diagnosis, and proper treatment. M
Answer thisWhat are tEnlarged, twisted veins in the scrotum Infertility Painless testicle lump, scrotal swelling, or bul
Answer thisWhat causeA varicocele forms when valves inside the veins along the spermatic cord prevent blood from
Answer thisWho is at hVaricoceles usually develop slowly. They are more common in men ages 15 - 25 and are most
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you discover a testicle lump or need
Answer thisWhat to expA varicocele is usually harmless and often requires no treatment. If surgery is required becaus
Answer thisWhat are tAbdominal pain Constipation Fever General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise) High blood pre
Answer thisWhat causeWilms tumor is the most common form of childhood kidney cancer. The exact cause of this tu
Answer thisWho is at It is more common among some siblings and twins, which suggests a possible genetic cause.Th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you discover a lump in your child's abdomen, blood in the urin
Answer thisWhat to exChildren whose tumor has not spread have a 90% cure rate with appropriate treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tThere are many areas of the brain that help you create and retrieve memories. Damage or ma
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause determines whether amnesia comes on slowly or suddenly, and whether it is tempo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any unexplained memory loss.
Answer thisWhat causThere are many areas of the brain that help you create and retrieve memories. Damage or ma
Answer thisWho is at hThe cause determines whether amnesia comes on slowly or suddenly, and whether it is tempo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have any unexplained memory loss.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of mild cerebral hypoxia include:Change in attention (inattentiveness) Poor judgme
Answer thisWhat causeIn cerebral hypoxia, sometimes only the oxygen supply is interrupted. This can be caused by:B
Answer thisWhen to seCerebral hypoxia is a medical emergency. Call 911 immediately if someone is losing conscious
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook depends on the extent of the brain injury. This is determined by how long the bra
Answer thisWhat are tA cluster headache begins as a severe, sudden headache. The headache most commonly strik
Answer thisWhat causeCluster headaches are a fairly common form of chronic, repeated headaches. They are four tim
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:Cluster headaches do not respond to
Answer thisWhat to expIf prone to cluster headache, stop smoking. Alcohol use and any foods that are associated with
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of a concussion can range from mild to severe. They can include:Altered level of co
Answer thisWhat causeA concussion may result when the head hits an object or a moving object strikes the head.A co
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if a head injury causes changes in alertness or produces any oth
Answer thisWhat to expHealing or recovering from a concussion takes time. It may take days, weeks, or even months.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of hearing loss may include:Certain sounds seem too loud Difficulty following conv
Answer thisWhat causeConductive hearing loss (CHL) occurs because of a mechanical problem in the outer or middle
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Hearing problems interfere with your lifestyle Hearing proble
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with disequilibrium may experience one or more following symptoms.
Answer thisWhen to seSee your doctor immediately if you experience disequilibrium with any of the following:
Answer thisWhat causeLight-headedness happens when there is not enough blood getting to the brain. This can happ
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with heart problems, stroke, multiple sclerosis, seizures, brain tumors, benign position
Answer thisWhen to seCall 911 or go to an emergency room if someone with dizziness also has:A head injury Fever o
Answer thisWhat to expMost causes of dizziness are not serious and either quickly get better on their own or are easil
Answer thisWhat are tDepending on its cause, dysarthria may develop slowly or occur suddenly.People with dysarth
Answer thisWhat causeIn a person with dysarthria, a nerve, brain, or muscle disorder makes it difficult to use or contr
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have:Chest pain, chills, fever, shortness of breath, or othe
Answer thisWhat to expDepending on the cause of dysarthria, symptoms may improve, stay the same, or get worse sl
Answer thisWhat are tA person with DRD may have trouble rhyming and separating sounds that make up spoken wo
Answer thisWhat causeDevelopmental reading disorder (DRD), or dyslexia, occurs when there is a problem in areas o
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child appears to be having trouble learning to read.
Answer thisWhat to expSpecialized help (called remedial instruction) can lead to marked improvement in reading and
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary depending on the seizure types, from simple staring spells to loss of conscious
Answer thisWho is at hHead injuries Stroke and other vascular diseases Brain tumors Brain infections, such as menin
Answer thisWhen to seIf you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as po
Answer thisWhat to expMost patients with epilepsy survive outwardly normal lives. But some of them, especially child
Answer thisWhat are tIn addition to having repetitive, uncontrollable twitching or spasms of your eyelid (usually the
Answer thisWhat causeThe most common things that make the muscle in your eyelid twitch are fatigue, stress, and c
Answer thisWhen to seCall your primary care doctor or eye doctor (ophthalmologist, optometrist) if:Eyelid twitching
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook depends on the specific type or cause of eyelid twitch. In some cases, the twitche
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms can be non specific and mostly represent manifestations of increased intracranial p
Answer thisWho is at hAt present, the risk factors for the development of gliomatosis cerebri are not known.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of gliomatosis cerebri develop. If you experience e
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of gliomatosis cerebriis poor and it depends on the following:Whether or not th
Answer thisWhat are tThere are two kinds of headache: primary headaches and second headaches. Primary headach
Answer thisWho is at hBrain tumors Brain infection Intracranial hypertension Anxiety Arthritis in neck or spine Degen
Answer thisWhat causHeadache is a kind of symptom, the most important thing is to make the underlying causes cle
Answer thisWhen to seHeadache is just a symptom. It is necessary to indentify the underlying causes. So, go to see yo
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of headache depends on:Underlying causes
Answer thisWhat are tDecreased sweating on the affected side of the face Drooping eyelid (ptosis) Sinking of the eye
Answer thisWhat causeHorner's syndrome can be caused by any interruption in a set of nerve fibers that start in the p
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of Horner's syndrome.
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on whether treatment of the cause is successful.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms often develop slowly during adolescence or young adulthood. They include:Daytim
Answer thisWhat causThe usual approach is to consider other potential causes of excessive daytime sleepiness.Othe
Answer thisWhat are tMultiple sclerosis signs and symptoms may differ greatly from person to person and over the
Answer thisWhat are thMS is caused by damage to the myelin sheath. This sheath is the protective covering that surro
Answer thisWho is at hMultiple sclerosis (MS) affects women more than men. The disorder is most commonly diagno
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You develop any symptoms of MS Symptoms get worse, even
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies and is hard to predict. Although the disorder is chronic and incurable, life
Answer thisWhat are tBlurred vision Changes in hearing Dizziness Headache Itching Nausea Neck stiffness Numbnes
Answer thisWhat are tAcute iritis or uveitis (inflammation inside eye) Burns to the eye Corneal abrasion Corneal ulce
Answer thisWhen to seIf eye pain is severe, see your health care provider to determine the cause of light sensitivity.
Answer thisWhat are tHeadaches Loss of coordination, clumsiness Loss of language ability (aphasia) Memory loss Vis
Answer thisWhat causeThe JC virus (JCV) causes PML. By age 10, most people have been infected with this virus, but
Answer thisWho is at hAnyone with a weakened immune system, however, are at greater risk of developing PML. Ca
Answer thisWhen to seWhen you experience above mentioned symptoms, consult your doctor immediately.
Answer thisWhat to exPML is a life-threatening condition. Talk to your doctor about care decisions.
Answer thisWhat are tRLS leads to sensations in the lower legs that make you uncomfortable unless you move your
Answer thisWhat causeRestless legs syndrome (RLS) occurs most often in middle-aged and older adults. Stress makes
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You have symptoms of restless legs s
Answer thisWhat to expRestless legs syndrome is not dangerous or life-threatening, and it is not a sign of a serious dis
Answer thisHow shouldRivastigmine comes as a capsule and solution (liquid) to take by mouth. It is usually taken twic
Answer thisWhat speciaBefore taking rivastigmine:tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to rivastigmine, n
Answer thisWhat speciaUnless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your normal diet.
Answer thisWhat shouldTake the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next do
Answer thisWhat storaKeep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children.St
Answer thisWhat otherKeep all appointments with your doctor.Do not let anyone else take your medication.Ask your
Answer thisWhat are tSciatica pain can vary widely. It may feel like a mild tingling, dull ache, or a burning sensation.
Answer thisWhat are thSciatica occurs when there is pressure or damage to the sciatic nerve. This nerve starts in the
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for Sciatica include:Diabetes Inactivity and sedentary lifestyles Increasing Age Man
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if you have:Unexplained fever with back pain Back pain after a sev
Answer thisWhat to expIf the cause of the sciatic nerve dysfunction can be identified and successfully treated, full rec
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms can vary from mild to severe. They may include:Convulsions (seizures) Decreas
Answer thisWhat causIn most cases, an angry parent or caregiver shakes the baby to punish or quiet the child. Such
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if a child has any of the above signs or symptoms, regardless of
Answer thisWhat are tExcessive daytime sleepiness (without a known cause) suggests that you have a significant sle
Answer thisWhat causHaving to work long hours or different shifts (nights, weekends) Medications (tranquilizers, sle
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you think the cause of your drowsiness is from any of the
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary somewhat depending on the location of the injury. Spinal cord injury causes w
Answer thisWhat causeSpinal cord trauma can be caused by any number of injuries to the spine. They can result from
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include participating in risky physical activities, not wearing protective gear during
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if injury to the back or neck occurs. Call 911 if there is any loss o
Answer thisWhat to expParalysis and loss of sensation of part of the body are common. This includes total paralysis or
Answer thisWhat are tGradual loss of muscle mass (wasting, atrophy) Headache Muscle function loss, loss of ability t
Answer thisWhat causeThe fluid buildup seen in syringomyelia may be a result of spinal cord trauma, tumors of the sp
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of syringomyelia.
Answer thisWhat to expUntreated, the disorder gets worse very slowly, but it eventually causes severe disability. Surg
Answer thisWhat are tLightning pains Impaired sensation and proprioception Hypesthesias Progressive sensory ata
Answer thisWhat causeTabes dorsalis is a form of neurosyphilis, which is a complication of late or tertiary syphilis infe
Answer thisWhat to expProgressive disability is possible if the disorder is left untreated.
Answer thisWhat are tFacial grimacing Jaw swinging Repetitive chewing Tongue thrusting
Answer thisWhat causeTardive dyskinesia is a serious side effect that occurs when you take medications called neuro
Answer thisWho is at hPeople taking medications called neuroleptics are at risk for tardive dyskinesia. Examples of th
Answer thisWhat to expIf diagnosed early, the condition may be reversed by stopping the drug that caused the sympt
Answer thisWhat are tVery painful, sharp electric-like spasms that usually last a few seconds or minutes, but can bec
Answer thisWhat causeThe pain of trigeminal neuralgia comes from the trigeminal nerve. This nerve carries the feelin
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition usually affects adults, but it may affect anyone at any age. Trigeminal neuralgia
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia.
Answer thisWhat to expHow well you do depends on the cause of the problem. If there is no disease causing the prob
Answer thisWhat are tSkin symptoms include:Areas of the skin that are white (due to decreased pigment) and have
Answer thisWhat causeTuberous sclerosis is inherited. Changes (mutations) in two genes, TSC1 and TSC2, are respons
Answer thisWhen to CoCall your health care provider if:Either side of your family has a history of tuberous sclerosis Y
Answer thisWhat to expChildren with mild tuberous sclerosis usually do well. However, children with severe retardati
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with vertigo may experience one or more following symptons.A sensation of disorien
Answer thisWhat causeUpper respiratory tract infection Ear infection Labyrinthitis Head or ear injury Multiple scleros
Answer thisWhen to seSee your doctor immediately if you experience vertigo with any of the following:A new, differe
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of vertigo depends on the causes. Outcomes of vertigo caused by tumors are po
Answer thisHow does tMovement of fluid in the semicircular canals signals the brain about the direction and speed o
Answer thisWhat are tWhen balance is impaired, an individual has difficulty maintaining orientation. For example, an
Answer thisWhat causeInfections (viral or bacterial), head injury, disorders of blood circulation affecting the inner ear
Answer thisWhat are sSome of the more common balance disorders are:Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV
Answer thisHow are baDiagnosis of a balance disorder is complicated because there are many kinds of balance disord
Answer thisHow are baThere are various options for treating balance disorders. One option includes treatment for a
Answer thisWhat are tMany patients first complain of pain that may be worse at night, and may have been occurring
Answer thisWho is at hAge and height: Data suggest that the risk of osteosarcoma is highest during the teenage "gro
Answer thisWhen to seSpeak to your doctor immediately if you are experiencing any of the above mentioned sympto
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis for bone cancer varies immensely based on how far the cancer has spread in th
Answer thisWhat is deDesmoid tumor s grow from the connective tissue in your body They grow from fibroblast cell
Answer thisHow commo Out of one million people worldwide, two to four are diagnosed with a desmoid tumor per ye
Answer thisHow is desSome people with desmoid tumor s have symptoms, but others don’t Symptoms can include:
Answer thisHow is desTreatment for each patient will be unique You should go to an expert in sarcoma treatment to
Answer thisDo desmoid In 5% to 10% of cases, desmoid tumor s may run in families Gardner syndrome is a rare syndro
Answer thisHow does Scientists are always working to understand how tumors form, but it can be hard to prove We
Answer thisWhat is th The estimate of how a disease will affect you long-term is called prognosis Every person is diff
Answer thisWhat causeAlcohol and tobacco use (including smokeless tobacco, sometimes called “ chewing tobacco ”
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of head and neck cancers may include a lump or a sore that does not heal, a so
Answer thisHow commo Head and neck cancers account for approximately 4% of all cancers in the United States. Thes
Answer thisHow can I People who are at risk of head and neck cancers ―particularly those who use tobacco ―shou
Answer thisHow are heTo find the cause of the signs or symptoms of a problem in the head and neck area, a doctor e
Answer thisHow are heThe treatment plan for an individual patient depends on a number of factors, including the ex
Answer thisWhat are thSurgery for head and neck cancers often changes the patient’s ability to chew, swallow, or talk
Answer thisWhere canClinical
I trials are research studies conducted with people who volunteer to take part. Participa
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of lung cancer includeA cough that doesn't go away and gets worse over
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with constant exposure to high levels of air pollution and drinking water that has a hig
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook varies. Most often, non small cell lung cancer grows slowly. In some cases, it can g
Answer thisWhat are tIn its earliest stages, hepatocellular carcinoma does not cause any symptoms. When the tumo
Answer thisWho is at rThere are some factors that may increase your risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Th
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma develop. If one or mor
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is poor and it depends on the following:Whether o
Answer thisWhat are tEarly lung cancer often does not cause symptoms. But as the cancer grows, common symptom
Answer thisWhat causeLung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer for both men and women. Each year, more people
Answer thisWho is at hStudies have found the following risk factors for lung cancer:Tobacco smoke: Tobacco smoke
Answer thisWhen to seAnyone with symptoms similar to those listed above should see a doctor to be diagnosed and
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of pancreatic is poor and it depends on the following:Whether or not the tumo
Answer thisWhat are tAlmost half of mediastinal tumors cause no symptoms and are found on a chest x-ray perform
Answer thisWhat causeThe mediastinum is the part of the chest that lies between the sternum and the spinal column
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you notice symptoms of a mediastinal tumor.
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on the type of tumor. Different tumors respond differently to chemoth
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds Cough Coughing up blood Difficulty swallowing Hoa
Answer thisWhat causePeople who smoke or use tobacco are at risk of developing throat cancer. Excessive alcohol us
Answer thisWho is at Most cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50. Men are 10 times more likely than
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness o
Answer thisWhat to exThroat cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to su
Answer thisWhat are In many cases, solitary osteochondromas do not cause any symptoms, or symptoms may arise
Answer thisWhat are tThe cause of osteochondroma may be related to genetic mutations, such as:Germ line mutati
Answer thisWho is at Common risk factors in the development of osteochondromas, include:Previous trauma to the
Answer thisWhen to seCall your orthopaedic oncologist if symptoms of osteochondroma develops.
Answer thisWhat to exOsteochondroma prognosis is generally regarded good after surgical excision.
Answer thisWhat are tOsteomas are usually present with night limb pain and swelling. In some cases, a person will s
Answer thisWho is at hChildren and adolescents.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your Orthopedics specialist if symptoms of osteoid osteoma occur, such as nocturnal limb
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of osteoma will depends on location and adjacent structures to the tumor.
Answer thisWhat are Osteomas are usually asymptomatic. However if symptoms occur, common symptoms can be
Answer thisWho is at hThere are no known risk factors for osteoma.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your ENT specialist if symptoms of osteoma, such as facial deformity, vision loss, and anos
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis of osteoma will depends on the size, location and adjacent structures to the tum
Answer thisWhat are The most common symptom is a mass that may or may not be painful.Other symptoms vary d
Answer thisWhat to exWhile aggressive treatment is usually necessary, most children with rhabdomyosarcoma will a
Answer thisWhat are tCommon symptoms of lung cancer includeA cough that doesn't go away and gets worse over
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with constant exposure to high levels of air pollution and drinking water that has a hig
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook varies. Most often, non small cell lung cancer grows slowly. In some cases, it can g
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of bladder cancer can include:Abdominal pain Blood in the urine Bone pain or tend
Answer thisWhat causeIn the United States, bladder cancers usually start from the cells lining the bladder (called tran
Answer thisWho is at hThe exact cause of bladder cancer is uncertain. However, several things may make you more l
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have blood in your urine or other symptoms of bladder ca
Answer thisWhat to expAfter treatment for bladder cancer, you will be closely monitored by a doctor. This may includ
Answer thisWhat are tIntraocular melanoma may not cause early signs or symptoms. It is sometimes found during a
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of melanoma of
Answer thisWhat to exThe prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:How the m
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of Behçet's disease differ from one person to the next. Some people have only
Answer thisWhat causeNearly all of the symptoms of Behçet's disease are due to an inflammation of the blood vessel
Answer thisWho is at Doctors aren't sure what causes Behcet's. It is rare in the United States, but is common in the
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you are having these symptoms.
Answer thisWhat to exThere is no cure for Behçet's disease, but most people can control symptoms with treatment.
Answer thisWhat are tIn addition to having repetitive, uncontrollable twitching or spasms of your eyelid (usually the
Answer thisWhat causeThe most common things that make the muscle in your eyelid twitch are fatigue, stress, and c
Answer thisWhen to seCall your primary care doctor or eye doctor (ophthalmologist, optometrist) if:Eyelid twitching
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook depends on the specific type or cause of eyelid twitch. In some cases, the twitche
Answer thisWhat are tEyelid tenderness Increased tearing Painful swelling on the eyelid Sensitivity to light
Answer thisWhat causeA chalazion develops in the glands that produce the fluid that lubricates the eye. These are ca
Answer thisWhen to seApply warm compresses and call your health care provider if the swelling gets worse or contin
Answer thisWhat to expChalazia usually heal on their own. The outcome with treatment is usually excellent.
Answer thisWhat causeThe cornea is normally a nearly invisible, clear structure covering the iris of the eye. Its two pu
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if:The outer surface of the eye appears cloudy You have tro
Answer thisWhat to expThe health care provider will examine your eyes and ask questions about your medical history
Answer thisWhat causeThe cornea is normally a nearly invisible, clear structure covering the iris of the eye. Its two pu
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if:The outer surface of the eye appears cloudy You have tro
Answer thisWhat to exThe health care provider will examine your eyes and ask questions about your medical history
Answer thisWhat are tBeing very sensitive to light Blurred vision Decrease in vision Eye pain or stinging and burning
Answer thisWhat causeInjuries to the cornea are common.Injuries to the outer surface of the cornea, called corneal a
Answer thisWho is at hYou are more likely to develop a corneal injury if you:Are exposed to sunlight or artificial ultra
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if the injury has not significantly improved in 2 days with treatm
Answer thisWhat to expInjuries that affect only the surface of the cornea normally heal very rapidly with treatment. T
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of strabismus may be present all the time, or only when you are tired or sick.The e
Answer thisWhat causeSix different muscles surround the eyes and work "as a team" so that both eyes can focus on t
Answer thisWho is at hA family history of strabismus is a risk factor. Farsightedness may be a contributing factor, esp
Answer thisWhen to seStrabismus requires prompt medical evaluation. Call for an appointment with your health care
Answer thisWhat to expAfter surgery, the eyes may look straight but vision problems can remain.The child may still ha
Answer thisWhat are tSwelling of the outer portion of the upper lid, with possible redness and tenderness Pain in th
Answer thisWhat causeAcute dacryoadenitis is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection. Common causes inc
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if swelling or pain increase despite treatment.
Answer thisWhat to expMost patients will fully recover from dacryoadenitis. For conditions with more serious causes,
Answer thisWhat causeDry eye syndrome often occurs in people who are otherwise healthy.In rare cases, it can be as
Answer thisWho is at hIt is more common with older age, because you produce fewer tears with age.
Answer thisWhen to seSee your health care provider immediately if you have dry eyes and have:A sudden increase in
Answer thisWhat to exMost patients with dry eye have only discomfort, and no vision loss. With severe cases, the cle
Answer thisWhat are tIf you have dry eyes, you will feel a burning, scratching, or stinging sensation. You may also ha
Answer thisWhat causeCommon causes of dry eyes include:Aging Dry environment or workplace (wind, air conditioni
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have red or painful eyes. You have flaking, discharge, or a
Answer thisWhat to expYour health care provider will take a medical history and perform a physical examination, inclu
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with floaters notice small specks or "cobwebs" floating in their field of vision that are e
Answer thisWhat are thFloaters occur when the vitreous, a gel-like substance that fills about 80 percent of the eye an
Answer thisWho is at hFloaters are more likely to develop as we age and are more common in people who are very n
Answer thisHow to knoFloaters are often readily observed by an ophthalmologist or an optometrist with the use of a
Answer thisWhat to expIn most cases, floaters are part of the natural aging process and simply an annoyance. They ca
Answer thisWhat are tEye pain Eye sensitivity to light, especially glare Foggy or blurred vision, at first only in the mo
Answer thisWhat causeFuchs' dystrophy affects the thin layer of cells that line the back part of the cornea. This layer
Answer thisWho is at hFuchs' dystrophy can be inherited, which means it can be passed down from parents to childr
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have:Eye pain Eye sensitivity to light The feeling that som
Answer thisWhat to exFuchs' dystrophy gets worse over time. Without a corneal transplant, a patient with severe Fu
Answer thisWhat are thEye pain Excessive tearing Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Answer thisWhat causesInterstitial keratitis is a serious condition in which blood vessels grow into the cornea. Such gr
Answer thisWho is at hiIn the United States, most cases of syphilis are recognized and treated before this eye conditio
Answer thisWhen to seeAll patients with interstitial keratitis will be closely followed by an ophthalmologist and a med
Answer thisWhat to expDiagnosing and treating interstitial keratitis and its cause early can preserve the clear cornea a
Answer thisWhat are tThe earliest symptom is subtle blurring of vision that cannot be corrected with glasses. (Vision
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is unknown, but the tendency to develop keratoconus is probably present from birt
Answer thisWho is at hMost people who develop keratoconus start out nearsighted. The nearsightedness tends to be
Answer thisWhen to seYoung persons whose vision cannot be corrected to 20/20 with glasses should be evaluated b
Answer thisWhat to exIn most cases vision can be corrected with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses.If corneal transp
Answer thisWhat are tDouble vision Fullness in one eyelid or the side of the face Pain
Answer thisWhat to expIf lacrimal gland tumor is not treated, the child may be permanently unable to fully move the
Answer thisHow to PerAdjust the focusing eyepiece of the lensometer so that it reads 0 D on the measuring drum wi
Answer thisWhat are tBulging eyes Change in iris color Poor vision in one eye Red, painful eye Small defect on the iri
Answer thisWhat causeMelanoma is a very aggressive type of cancer that can spread rapidly.Melanoma of the eye ca
Answer thisWho is at hMelanoma is the most common type of eye tumor in adults. Even so, primary melanoma of th
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of melanoma of
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome for melanoma of the eye depends on the size of the cancer at the time of diagno
Answer thisWhat are tA nearsighted person sees close up objects clearly, but objects in the distance are blurred. Squ
Answer thisWhat causPeople are able to see because the front part of the eye bends (refracts) light and points it to
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if your child shows these signs, which m
Answer thisWhat to exEarly diagnosis of nearsightedness is important, because a child can suffer socially and educati
Answer thisWhat are tRedness (hyperaemia), irritation (chemosis) and watering (epiphora) of the eyes are symptom
Answer thisWhat causeConjunctivitis is most commonly caused by viruses, often adenovirus, but many other factors
Answer thisWho is at hPeople who are exposed to someone infected with the viral or bacterial form of conjunctivitis
Answer thisWhen to seUrgent medical care is not usually necessary for conjunctivitis. However, newborns with ophth
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome is usually good with treatment. Conjunctivitis resolves, in 65% of cases, within 2
Answer thisWhat are tThe primary symptom of a pterygium is a painless area of elevated whitish-pinkish tissue, with
Answer thisWhat are tScientists do not know what causes pterygia to develop. However, since people who have pte
Answer thisWho is at hPterygia are more common in people in the 20-40 age group that live in sunny, dry climates. A
Answer thisHow to knoA physical examination of the eyes and eyelids confirms the diagnosis. Special tests are usually
Answer thisWhat are tBloodshot eyes appear red because the vessels in the surface of the white portion of the eye (
Answer thisWhen to seGo to the hospital or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if:Your eye is red after a
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of strabismus may be present all the time, or only when you are tired or sick.The e
Answer thisWhat causeSix different muscles surround the eyes and work "as a team" so that both eyes can focus on t
Answer thisWho is at hA family history of strabismus is a risk factor. Farsightedness may be a contributing factor, esp
Answer thisWhen to seStrabismus requires prompt medical evaluation. Call for an appointment with your health care
Answer thisWhat to expAfter surgery, the eyes may look straight but vision problems can remain.The child may still ha
Answer thisWhat are tIn addition to the red, swollen bump, other possible symptoms include:A gritty, scratchy sensa
Answer thisWhat causeA stye is caused by bacteria from the skin that get into the oil glands in the eyelids that provid
Answer thisWho is at hPeople with blepharitis.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:You have problems with your vision. The eyelid bump worsens or does not
Answer thisWhat to expStyes often get better on their own, although they may recur. The outcome is generally excelle
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms begin 5 to 12 days after being exposed to the bacteria. The condition begins slowly
Answer thisWhat causTrachoma is caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.The condition occur
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you or your child recently visited an area of the world where t
Answer thisWhat to exEarly treatment before the development of scarring and lid deformities has an excellent progn
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary depending on the cause, but some symptoms are common to all types of airw
Answer thisWhat causeCauses of acute upper airway obstruction include:Allergic reactions in which the trachea or th
Answer thisWhen to seAirway obstruction is an emergency. It is a good idea to learn how to clear an airway of a forei
Answer thisWhat to expPrompt treatment is often successful. However, the condition is dangerous and may be fatal,
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary depending on the cause, but some symptoms are common to all types of airw
Answer thisWhat causeCauses of acute upper airway obstruction include:Allergic reactions in which the trachea or th
Answer thisWhen to seAirway obstruction is an emergency. It is a good idea to learn how to clear an airway of a forei
Answer thisWhat to expPrompt treatment is often successful. However, the condition is dangerous and may be fatal,
Answer thisWhat are tThe enamel of the tooth is soft and thin. The teeth appear yellow and are easily damaged. Bot
Answer thisWhat causeAmelogenesis imperfecta is passed down through families as a dominant trait. That means yo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your dentist if you have symptoms of this condition.
Answer thisWhat to exTreatment is often successful in protecting the teeth.
Answer thisWhat are tCoughing up blood Difficulty swallowing Hoarseness or changing the voice Loud breathing Low
Answer thisWhat causeGenetic mutation is suspected to be the main cause of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Answer thisWho is at hA history of goiter Family history of thyroid disease Female gender Asian race Age between 25
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if there is a persistent lump or mass in the neck, hoarseness, ch
Answer thisWhat to expThe prognosis of this disease is poor. Most people do not survive longer than 6 months due to
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is a spinning sensation, which:Is usually triggered by head movement Ofte
Answer thisWhat causeBenign positional vertigo is due to a disturbance within the inner ear. The inner ear has fluid-fi
Answer thisWho is at hThere are no major risk factors. However, the condition may partly run in families. A prior hea
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if vertigo develops that has not been evaluated or if treatment i
Answer thisWhat to expBenign positional vertigo is uncomfortable, but usually improves with time. This condition ma
Answer thisWhat are tPeople with chronic liver disease and esophageal varices may have no symptoms.If there is on
Answer thisWhat causeScarring (cirrhosis) of the liver is the most common cause of esophageal varices. This scarring
Answer thisWho is at hAny cause of chronic liver disease can cause varices.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider or go to an emergency room if you vomit blood or have black ta
Answer thisWhat to expBleeding often comes back without treatment. Bleeding esophageal varices are a serious com
Answer thisWhat are tSome disorders will produce specific, characteristic odors to the breath.Bad breath related to
Answer thisWhat causeIf previously normal breath turns into halitosis, causes could include:Abscessed tooth Alcoholi
Answer thisWhen to seBreath odor persists and there is not an obvious cause (such as smoking or eating odor-causin
Answer thisWhat to expYour doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination.You may be asked
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Difficulty swallowing Fever (only if the fungus spreads further) Oral thrush
Answer thisWhat causeCandida esophagitis is caused by the yeast Candida. It occurs when the yeast spreads from the
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition is often a sign of a weakened immune system. The following raise your risk for C
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of esophagiti
Answer thisWhat to expEsophagitis can usually be treated effectively. The outcome depends on the immune system p
Answer thisWhat are tBulging eyeballs Cannot move the eye in a particular direction Drooping eyelids Headaches Vis
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of cavernous sinus thrombosis is usually a bacterial infection that has spread from t
Answer thisWho is at hPersons with conditions that cause an increased risk of blood clots may also develop cavernou
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if you have:Bulging of your eyes Drooping eyelids Eye pain Inability
Answer thisWhat to exCavernous sinus thrombosis can be fatal. However, the death rate of this condition has impro
Answer thisWhat are tNewborns generally prefer to breathe through their nose. Typically, infants only mouth breath
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of choanal atresia is unknown. It is thought to occur when the thin tissue separating
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition is the most common nasal abnormality in newborn infants, affecting about 1 in
Answer thisWhen to seChoanal atresia, especially when it affects both sides, is generally diagnosed shortly after birth
Answer thisWhat to expFull recovery is expected.
Answer thisWhat are tDizziness Drainage from the ear Hearing loss in one ear
Answer thisWhat causPoor function in the eustachian tube leads to negative pressure in the middle ear. This pulls a
Answer thisWho is at hCholesteatoma can be a birth defect (congenital), but it more commonly occurs as a complica
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if ear pain, drainage from the ear, or other symptoms occur or w
Answer thisWhat to exCholesteatomas usually continue to grow if not removed. Surgery usually works, but you may
Answer thisWhat are tA child may have one or more of these conditions at birth.A cleft lip may be just a small notch
Answer thisWhat causesThere are many causes for of cleft lip and palate. Problems with genes passed down from one
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors include:a family history of cleft lip or palate other birth defectAbout 1 out of 2,500
Answer thisWhen to seeCleft lip and palate is usually diagnosed at birth. Follow the health care provider's recommend
Answer thisWhat to expAlthough treatment may continue for several years and require several surgeries, most childre
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include:Difficult and painful swallowing Low-grade fever Mouth sores (oral lesions)
Answer thisWhat causeCMV esophagitis is caused by the cytomegalovirus (CMV).
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition is often a sign of a weakened immune system. The following conditions raise yo
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of CMV esophagitis, especially if you h
Answer thisWhat to exEsophagitis can usually be treated effectively. The outcome depends on the immune system p
Answer thisWhat are tThere may be no symptoms. If symptoms occur, they may include:Tooth pain or achy feeling,
Answer thisWhat causeTooth decay is one of the most common of all disorders, second only to the common cold.Bac
Answer thisWho is at hIt usually occurs in children and young adults but can affect any person. It is a common cause
Answer thisWhen to seCall your dentist if you have a toothache.Make an appointment with your dentist for a routine
Answer thisWhat to expTreatment often saves the tooth. Early treatment is less painful and less expensive than treatm
Answer thisWhat are tDrooling is generally caused by:Problems keeping saliva in the mouth Problems with swallowi
Answer thisWhat causeSome drooling in infants and toddlers is normal and is not usually a sign of a disease or other p
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:The cause of the drooling has not been diagnosed. There is co
Answer thisWhat to expThe doctor will do a physical examination and ask questions about the symptoms, including:Is
Answer thisWhat are tIn infants, the main sign is often irritability and inconsolable crying. Many infants and children
Answer thisWhat causeThe Eustachian tube runs from the middle of each ear to the back of the throat. This tube drai
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for acute ear infections include:Attending daycare (especially those with more tha
Answer thisWhen to seCall your child's doctor if:Pain, fever, or irritability do not improve within 24 to 48 hours At the
Answer thisWhat to expEar infections can be treated but may occur again in the future. They can be quite painful. If y
Answer thisWhat are tA chronic, long-term infection in the ear may have less severe symptoms than an acute infecti
Answer thisWhat causeThe eustachian tube runs from the middle of each ear to the back of the throat. This tube drai
Answer thisWho is at hEar infections are more common in children because their Eustachian tubes are shorter, narro
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You or your child has signs of a chron
Answer thisWhat to expChronic ear infections usually respond to treatment. However, your child may need to keep ta
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of an ear infection may include:Ear pain Fever Fussiness Increased crying Irrita
Answer thisWhat causeThe eustachian tube runs from the middle part of each ear to the back of the throat. This tube
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:Your child has a high fever or severe pain or seems sicker than is usual for a
Answer thisWhat to expThe doctor will do a physical examination, and examine the ear, nose, and throat areas.Pain, t
Answer thisWhat are tBleeding gums (blood on toothbrush even with gentle brushing of the teeth) Bright red or red
Answer thisWhat causeGingivitis is a form of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease involves inflammation and infe
Answer thisWho is at hMany people have gingivitis to a varying degree. It usually develops during puberty or early ad
Answer thisWhen to seCall your dentist if symptoms of gingivitis are present, especially if you have not had a routine
Answer thisWhat to expThe removal of plaque from inflamed gums may be uncomfortable. Bleeding and tenderness o
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms include severe pain in areas connected to the ninth cranial nerve:Back of the nose
Answer thisWhat causeGlossopharyngeal neuralgia is believed to be caused by irritation of the ninth cranial nerve, ca
Answer thisWho is at hSymptoms usually begin in people over age 40.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of glossopharyngeal neuralgia. See a pain
Answer thisWhat to expHow well you do depends on the cause of the problem and the effectiveness of the first treatm
Answer thisWhat are tBleeding gums (blood on toothbrush even with gentle brushing of the teeth) Bright red or red
Answer thisWhat causeGingivitis is a form of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease involves inflammation and infe
Answer thisWho is at hMany people have gingivitis to a varying degree. It usually develops during puberty or early ad
Answer thisWhen to seCall your dentist if symptoms of gingivitis are present, especially if you have not had a routine
Answer thisWhat to exThe removal of plaque from inflamed gums may be uncomfortable. Bleeding and tenderness o
Answer thisWhat are thIf previously normal breath turns into halitosis, causes could include:Abscessed tooth Alcoholi
Answer thisWho is at hSmokers Alcoholics
Answer thisHow to knoThe air you breathe out has an unpleasant odor. Bad breath is frequently diagnosed by people
Answer thisWhat are tSigns of hearing loss in infants vary by age. For example:A newborn baby with hearing loss ma
Answer thisWhat causesHearing loss can develop in children who had normal hearing as infants. The loss can occur in
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for infant hearing loss include:Family history of hearing loss Infection with some v
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider if your baby or young child displays signs of hearing loss, such a
Answer thisWhat to expHow well your baby does depends on the cause and severity of the hearing loss. Advances in h
Answer thisWhat are tFever Headache Loss of appetite Sore throat, or painful swallowing Ulcers in the mouth and th
Answer thisWhat causeHerpangina is typically caused by Coxsackie group A viruses.
Answer thisWho is at hThe number of cases of herpangina is unknown, but it is a common childhood infection. It is m
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Fever, sore throat, or mouth sores last for more than 5 days Y
Answer thisWhat to exThe illness normally clears up within a week.
Answer thisWhat are tBad breath Difficulty opening the mouth (occasionally) Pain or tenderness of the gums (gingiv
Answer thisWhat causeTeeth start to pass through the gums (emerge) during infancy, and again when the primary (b
Answer thisWho is at hThe most common teeth to become impacted are the wisdom teeth (the third set of molars).
Answer thisWhen to seCall your dentist if there is an unemerged tooth (or partially emerged tooth) and pain in the gu
Answer thisWhat to expImpacted teeth may cause no problems for some people and may never require treatment. Tr
Answer thisWhat are tAbnormal sensation of movement (vertigo) Difficulty focusing the eyes because of involuntary
Answer thisWhat causeDuring labyrinthitis, the parts of the inner ear become irritated and inflamed. This interferes w
Answer thisWho is at hThe are likely many causes of labyrinthitis. It commonly occurs after an ear infection (otitis me
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if dizziness, vertigo, loss of balance, or other symptoms of labyr
Answer thisWhat to expIf you have severe vomiting, you may be admitted to the hospital.Severe symptoms usually go
Answer thisWhat are tSores usually develop on the tongue, but they may also appear on the insides of the cheek, or
Answer thisWhat causeLeukoplakia mainly affects the mucus membranes of the mouth. It is thought to be caused by
Answer thisWho is at hThe disorder is most common in elderly persons.
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you have any lesions resembling leuk
Answer thisWhat to expLeukoplakia is usually harmless. Lesions often clear up in a few weeks or months after the sou
Answer thisWhat causeMost mouth sores are cold sores (also called fever blisters), canker sores, or other irritation ca
Answer thisWho is at hFor unknown reasons, women seem to get canker sores more often than men. This may be re
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:The sore begins soon after you start a new medication You have large white
Answer thisWhat to exYour doctor will perform a physical examination, focusing on your mouth and tongue. Medica
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary and depend on the specific cause of the mouth ulcer. In general, symptoms m
Answer thisWhat causeMouth ulcers are caused by many disorders. These include:Canker sores Gingivostomatitis He
Answer thisWho is at hIndividuals who have been diagnosed with these conditions may have a higher risk:Canker sor
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if your mouth ulcers don't go away aft
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome varies depending on the cause of the ulcer. Many mouth ulcers are harmless an
Answer thisWhat causeAllergic rhinitis An object stuck in the nose Barotrauma Blowing the nose very hard Chemical i
Answer thisWho is at hOccasionally, nosebleeds may indicate other disorders such as bleeding disorders or high bloo
Answer thisWhen to seGet emergency care if:Bleeding does not stop after 20 minutes Nose bleeding occurs after an
Answer thisWhat to exThe doctor will perform a physical examination. In some cases, you may be watched for signs
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of an ear infection may include:Ear pain Fever Fussiness Increased crying Irrita
Answer thisWhat causeThe eustachian tube runs from the middle part of each ear to the back of the throat. This tube
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:Your child has a high fever or severe pain or seems sicker than is usual for a
Answer thisWhat to expThe doctor will do a physical examination, and examine the ear, nose, and throat areas.Pain, t
Answer thisWhat causeMost of the time, any fluid leaking out of an ear is ear wax.A ruptured eardrum can cause a w
Answer thisWhen to seThe discharge is white, yellow, clear, or bloody. The discharge is the result of an injury. The dis
Answer thisWhat are tThyroid cancer usually begins as a small lump (nodule) in the thyroid gland, which is located a
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause of this cancer is unknown. A genetic defect may be involved.Radiation increases the
Answer thisWho is at hAbout 80% of all thyroid cancers diagnosed in the United States are papillary carcinoma type.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have a lump in your neck.
Answer thisWhat to expThe survival rate for papillary thyroid cancer is excellent. More than 95% of adults with such c
Answer thisWhat are tA firm, usually painless swelling in one of the salivary glands (in front of the ears, under the ch
Answer thisWhat causeThe salivary glands are located around the mouth. They produce saliva, which moistens food t
Answer thisWho is at hSalivary gland tumors are rare, especially in children.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You have pain when eating or chewing You notice a lump in th
Answer thisWhat to expMost salivary gland tumors are noncancerous and slow growing. Removing the tumor with su
Answer thisWhat are tDrainage from the ear -- yellow, yellow-green, pus-like, or foul smelling Ear pain, which may g
Answer thisWhat causeSwimming in polluted water can lead to swimmer's ear. Water-loving bacteria such as Pseudo
Answer thisWho is at Swimmer's ear is fairly common, especially among teenagers and young adults. It is occasiona
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You develop any symptoms of swimm
Answer thisWhat to exWhen treated properly, swimmer's ear usually gets better.
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is a severe toothache. The pain is continuous and may be described as gna
Answer thisWhat causeA tooth abscess is a complication of tooth decay. It may also result from trauma to the tooth,
Answer thisWhen to seCall your dentist if you have a persistent, throbbing toothache.
Answer thisWhat to expUntreated abscesses may get worse and can lead to life-threatening complications.Prompt tre
Answer thisWhat are tTrench mouth is a painful bacterial infection that involves swelling (inflammation) and ulcers i
Answer thisWhat are tMutations in the IRF6 gene cause van der Woude syndrome. The IRF6 gene provides instructio
Answer thisWho is at Individuals with parents that carry a mutation in IRF6 gene are at risk. This condition is inherit
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptom is involuntary urination, usually at night, that occurs at least twice per mo
Answer thisWhat causeChildren develop complete control over their bladders at different ages. Nighttime dryness is
Answer thisWhen to seBe sure to mention bedwetting to your child's health care provider.Children should have a phy
Answer thisWhat to expThe condition poses no threat to the health of the child if there is no physical cause of bedwetti
Answer thisWhat are tKnees do not touch when standing with feet together (ankles touching) Bowing of legs is same
Answer thisWhat causInfants are born bowlegged because of their folded position in the uterus. The infant's bowed
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child shows persistent or worsening bowed legs after age
Answer thisWhat to expIn many cases the outcome is good, and there is usually no problem walking.
Answer thisWhat are tAn adult may bring an injured child to an emergency room with a strange explanation of the c
Answer thisWhat causePhysical abuse tends to occur at moments of great stress. Many people who commit physical
Answer thisWhen to seAll states require that you report any known or suspected child abuse.Call your health care pr
Answer thisWhat to expThe child's physical recovery depends on the severity of the injuries. Psychological recovery de
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of psychological abuse may include:Difficulties in school Eating disorders, leading t
Answer thisWhat causeThe rate at which children are physically and emotionally neglected is difficult to define.Abuse
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if a child has:Physical changes, such as unexplained injuries, we
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, many children and parents can be reunited as a family.The long-term outcom
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of sexual abuse in chlildren are similar to those of depression or severe anxiety and
Answer thisWhat causeSociety was reluctant to deal with child sexual abuse a few decades ago. Today, it is considere
Answer thisWhen to seIf you suspect child abuse in any form, immediately call your health care provider, Child Prote
Answer thisWhat to expThe biggest issue is the child's mental health.The outcome depends on:Family and social supp
Answer thisWhat are tThere are usually no symptoms, except that the testicle cannot be found in the scrotum (this m
Answer thisWhat causeMost of the time, children's testicles descend by the time they are 9 months old. Undescende
Answer thisWhen to seCall your child's health care provider if he appears to have an undescended testicle.
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases get better on their own, without any treatment. Medicine or surgery to correct the
Answer thisWhat are tCleft lip or palate Epispadias or undescended testicle (cryptorchidism) Extra fingers (polydacty
Answer thisWhat causeEllis-van Creveld is passed down through families (inherited). It is caused by defects in one of
Answer thisWho is at hEllis-van Creveld is passed down through families (inherited).
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if your child has symptoms of this syndrome. If you have a famil
Answer thisWhat to expMany babies with this condition die in early infancy, usually due to a small chest or heart defe
Answer thisWhat are thArthritis symptoms:Joint stiffness when you wake up in the morning Joint pain Limited range o
Answer thisWhat causesThe cause of JRA is not known. It is thought to be an autoimmune illness. In this type of conditi
Answer thisWho is at hJRA usually occurs before age 16.
Answer thisWhen to seeCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:You notice symptoms of juvenile rhe
Answer thisWhat to expJRA is seldom life threatening.Children who have many joints involved, or who have a positive
Answer thisWhat are tChildren may not recognize that they are stressed. Parents may suspect that the child is exces
Answer thisWhat causeStress is a response to any situation or factor that creates a negative emotional or physical cha
Answer thisWhen to seSeek professional help or advice when signs of stress do not decrease or disappear.
Answer thisHow can paParents can help children respond to stress in healthy ways. Following are some tips:Provide a
Answer thisWhat are tAlcohol withdrawal symptoms usually occur within 5 - 10 hours after the last drink, but can oc
Answer thisWhat causeAlcohol withdrawal occurs most often in adults, but it may occur in teenagers or children.The
Answer thisWhen to seAlcohol withdrawal is a serious condition that may rapidly become life threatening.Call your h
Answer thisWhat to expHow well a person does depends on the amount of organ damage and whether the person ca
Answer thisWhat are tStress is a normal feeling. In small doses, stress can help you get things done. Stress does not
Answer thisWhat causeMany people have stress when they need to adapt or change.Examples are:Starting a new job
Answer thisWhen to seCall a suicide hotline if you have thoughts of suicide.Reasons you may want to seek more help
Answer thisWhat are tPrimary symptoms may include:Agitation and restless behavior Depressed mood Fatigue Gene
Answer thisWhat causeCocaine produces a sense of extreme joy by causing the brain to release higher than normal a
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you use cocaine and need help to stop using it.
Answer thisWhat to exCocaine addiction is difficult to treat, and relapse can occur. However, the rates of achieving s
Answer thisCulture-b Some doctors believe dhat syndrome to be either a culture-bound presentation of clinical dep
Answer thisWhat are tSome of the symptoms and behaviors of drug dependence include:Confusion Continuing to us
Answer thisWhat causDrug abuse can lead to drug dependence or addiction. People who use drugs for pain relief m
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you are addicted to drugs and would
Answer thisWhat to exDrug abuse and dependence may lead to a fatal drug overdose. Some people start taking the
Answer thisHow to do Some of the rules for constructing a good program of Exposure Therapy are:The subject shoul
Answer thisWhat are tPain in the main symptom of fibromyalgia. It may be mild to severe.Painful areas are called te
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is unknown. Possible causes or triggers of fibromyalgia include:Physical or emotion
Answer thisWho is at hFibromyalgia is most common among women aged 20 to 50.The following conditions may be
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health-care provider if you have symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Answer thisWhat to expFibromyalgia is a long-term disorder. Sometimes, the symptoms improve. Other times, the pa
Answer thisWhat are tThere can be five stages of grief. These reactions might not occur in a specific order, and can (
Answer thisWhat causeGrief may be triggered by the death of a loved one. People also can experience grief if they ha
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You can't deal with grief You are using excessive amounts of d
Answer thisWhat to expIt may take a year or longer to overcome strong feelings of grief, and to accept the loss.
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with hyperventilation syndrome, might not be aware that they are breathing fast. Ho
Answer thisWhat causeAnxiety and nervousness Bleeding Cardiac disease, such as congestive heart failure or heart att
Answer thisWho is at hHyperventilation syndrome can be triggered by emotions of stress, anxiety, depression, or ang
Answer thisWhen to seRapid breathing for the first time. (This is a medical emergency and you should be taken to the
Answer thisWhat are tThe intoxicating effects of marijuana include relaxation, sleepiness, and mild euphoria (getting
Answer thisWhen to seIf someone who has been using marijuana develops any of the symptoms of intoxication, has
Answer thisWhat to expPeople who have seizures, cardiac arrest, or a heart attack may not survive. However, these re
Answer thisWhat are tNight terrors are most common during the first third of the night, often between midnight and
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is unknown, but night terrors may be triggered by:Fever Lack of sleep Periods of em
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:The night terrors occur often They d
Answer thisWhat to expMost children outgrow night terrors in a short period of time. The number of episodes usually
Answer thisWhat causAnxiety and stress are the most common causes of nightmares.A major life event occurs befor
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if:You have nightmares more than once a week Nightmares
Answer thisWhat are tEarly symptoms of withdrawal include:Agitation Anxiety Muscle aches Increased tearing Insom
Answer thisWhat causeAbout 9% of the population is believed to misuse opiates over the course of their lifetime, inc
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if you are using or withdrawing from opiates.
Answer thisWhat to expWithdrawal from opiates is painful, but not life threatening.
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms vary widely depending on the type of personality disorder.In general, personality d
Answer thisWhat causeThe causes of personality disorders are unknown. However, many genetic and environmental
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider or mental health professional if you or
Answer thisWhat to expThe outlook varies. Some personality disorders go away during middle age without any treatm
Answer thisWhat are tWhen people sleepwalk, they may sit up and look as though they are awake when they are ac
Answer thisWhat causeThe normal sleep cycle has distinct stages, from light drowsiness to deep sleep. During rapid e
Answer thisWhen to seYou probably won't need to visit your health care provider if you are sleepwalking. However, d
Answer thisWhat to expSleepwalking usually decreases as children get older.It usually does not indicate a serious diso
Answer thisCould SCT The Executive system of the human brain coordinates actions and strategies for everyday task
Answer thisWhat are tStress is a normal feeling. In small doses, stress can help you get things done. Stress does not
Answer thisWhat causeMany people have stress when they need to adapt or change. Examples are:Starting a new job
Answer thisWhen to seCall a suicide hotline if you have thoughts of suicide.Reasons you may want to seek more help
Answer thisWhen to seIf you are concerned about the possibility of getting addicted to any prescribed medications If
Answer thisWhat are tOften, but not always, a person may show certain symptoms or behaviors before a suicide att
Answer thisWhat causeSuicide and suicidal behaviors usually occur in people with:Bipolar disorder Borderline person
Answer thisWho is at hRisk factors for suicide in teenagers include:Access to guns Family member who committed su
Answer thisWhen to seCall a health care provider right away if you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicid
Answer thisWhat to expAlways take suicide attempts and threats seriously.About one-third of people who try to comm
Answer thisHow is a t Toxicology screening is most often done using a blood or urine sample. However, it may be do
Answer thisHow to preNo special preparation is needed.If able, tell your health care provider what drugs (including o
Answer thisHow will a Blood test: When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, whil
Answer thisWhy is a t This test is often done in emergency medical situations.It can be used to evaluate possible acc
Answer thisWhat are nNormal value ranges for over-the-counter or prescription medications may vary slightly amon
Answer thisWhat do abElevated levels of alcohol or prescription drugs can be a sign of intentional or accidental intox
Answer thisWhat are thVeins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to th
Answer thisWhat are tLabored, rapid breathing Low blood pressure and organ failure Shortness of breathSymptoms
Answer thisWhat causeARDS can be caused by any major swelling (inflammation) or injury to the lung. Some common
Answer thisWhen to seUsually, ARDS occurs during another illness, for which the patient is already in the hospital. Oc
Answer thisWhat to expAbout a third of people with ARDS die from the disease. Survivors usually get back normal lun
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain Cough Shortness of breath with exertion (slowly gets worse over time) Tightness in
Answer thisWhat causeBreathing in asbestos fibers can cause scar tissue (fibrosis) to form inside the lung. Scarred lun
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you suspect that you've been expose
Answer thisWhat to expThe outcome depends on the amount of asbestos you were exposed to, and for how long. Thi
Answer thisWhat are tBluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen Chest pain Cough with Foul-smelling
Answer thisWhat causeRisk factors for aspiration or breathing in of foreign material into the lungs are:Being less alert
Answer thisWho is at hPatients with decreased immunity Bed-ridden patients
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider, go to the emergency room, or call the local emergency number
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome depends on:The severity of the pneumonia The type of bacteria causing the pne
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain Cough Breathing difficulty
Answer thisWhat causeAtelectasis is caused by a blockage of the air passages (bronchus or bronchioles) or by pressur
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of atelectasis.
Answer thisWhat to expIn an adult, atelectasis in a small area of the lung is usually not life threatening. The rest of the
Answer thisWhat are tPneumonia due to mycoplasma and chlamydophila bacteria is usually mild.Pneumonia due to
Answer thisWhat causeMycoplasma pneumonia is a type of atypical pneumonia. It is caused by the bacteria M. pneum
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if you develop fever, cough, or shortness of breath. There a
Answer thisWhat to exMost patients with pneumonia due to mycoplasma or chlamydophila do well with the right an
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms often develop gradually, and may occur months or years after the event that cause
Answer thisWhat causeBronchiectasis is often caused by recurrent inflammation or infection of the airways. It most o
Answer thisWho is at hRecurrent, severe lung infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis, fungal infections), abnormal lung
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:Chest pain or shortness of breath gets worse There is a chang
Answer thisWhat to expWith treatment, most people can lead normal lives without major disability.
Answer thisWhat are tThe symptoms of either type of bronchitis may include:Chest discomfort Cough that produces
Answer thisWhat causeAcute bronchitis generally follows a viral respiratory infection. At first, it affects your nose, sin
Answer thisWho is at hPeople at risk for acute bronchitis include:The elderly, infants, and young children Persons wit
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if:You have a cough most days or you have a cough that returns frequently Yo
Answer thisWhat to expFor acute bronchitis, symptoms usually go away within 7 to 10 days if you do not have an und
Answer thisHow is theChest tubes are inserted to drain blood, fluid, or air and to allow the lungs to fully expand. The
Answer thisWho needsChest tubes are used to treat conditions that can cause the lung to collapse, such as:After surg
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Chest tube insertion
Answer thisWhat to expYou will stay in the hospital until the chest tube is removed. While the chest tube is in place, t
Answer thisWhat are tCough. Fatigue. Fever. General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise). Loss of appetite
Answer thisWhat causCMV pneumonia is caused by a member of a group of herpes-type viruses. Infection with CMV
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of CMV pneumonia.
Answer thisWhat to exAntiviral medications stop the virus from copying itself, but do not destroy it. CMV itself suppr
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia may have a positive history of connective tiss
Answer thisWhat causeSome of the causes of organizing pneumonia include infectious agents, drugs, inflammatory d
Answer thisWho is at hCryptogenic organizing pneumonia affects men and women equally, usually beginning betwee
Answer thisWhen to seWhen there is worsening shortness of breath, dry cough changed to a productive cough.
Answer thisWhat to exThe overall prognosis for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is significantly better than that of
Answer thisWhen doesA metered dose inhaler contains enough medication for a certain number of puffs which is pri
Answer thisHow Does There are more than 4,000 chemicals found in the smoke of tobacco products. Of these, nicoti
Answer thisIs NicotineYes. Most smokers use tobacco regularly because they are addicted to nicotine. Addiction is c
Answer thisWhat are tThe main symptoms of OHS are due to lack of sleep and include:Excessive daytime sleepiness.
Answer thisWhat causeThe exact cause of OHS in unknown. Most (but not all) patients with the syndrome have a form
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you are very tired during the day, or have any other symptom
Answer thisWhat to exUntreated, it can lead to serious heart and blood vessel problems, severe disability, or death.
Answer thisWhat are tChest pain, which worsens when you breathe in deeply (pleurisy). Dry cough. Excessive sweati
Answer thisWhat causEmpyema is usually caused by an infection that spreads from the lung. It leads to a buildup of
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you develop symptoms of empyema.
Answer thisWhat to exWhen empyema complicates pneumonia, the risk of permanent lung damage and death goes
Answer thisWhat are tCough. Shortness of breath.
Answer thisWhat causCoal worker's pneumoconiosis occurs in two forms: simple and complicated (also called progr
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of coal worke
Answer thisWhat to exThe outcome for the simple form is usually good. It rarely causes disability or death. The comp
Answer thisWhat are tBlood-tinged sputum Dry cough Fatigue Fever and chills Headache Joint aches Muscle aches S
Answer thisWhat causePsittacosis is a rare disease: 100 - 200 cases are reported each year in the United States.Bird o
Answer thisWhen to seAntibiotics are needed to treat this infection. If you develop symptoms of psittacosis, call your
Answer thisWhat to expFull recovery is expected.
Answer thisWhat are tThere are usually no symptoms.
Answer thisWhat causeMore than half of all solitary pulmonary are noncancerous (benign). Benign nodules have man
Answer thisWhen to seA solitary pulmonary nodule is usually found by your health care professional when a chest x-r
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook is generally good if the nodule is benign. If the nodule does not grow larger over a
Answer thisWhat are tThere may be no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they can involve almost any body part or
Answer thisWhat are thThe cause of the disease is unknown. In sarcoidosis, tiny clumps of abnormal tissue (granulom
Answer thisWho is at hThe condition is more common in African Americans than Caucasians, especially in Caucasians
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have:Difficulty breathing Palpitations Vision changes Othe
Answer thisWhat to expMany people with sarcoidosis are not seriously ill, and the disease may get better without trea
Answer thisWhen the din some clinical scenarios, the presentation is so specific that the diagnosis can be made witho
Answer thisHow is theA small area of skin on your back is cleaned. Numbing medicine (local anesthetic) is injected in
Answer thisWho needsNormally, very little fluid is in the pleural space. A buildup of too much fluid between the laye
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Thoracentesis
Answer thisWhat to expNormal ResultsNormally the pleural cavity contains only a very small amount of fluid.What Ab
Answer thisWhat are tItchy, watery eyes Nasal discharge Nasal congestion Sneezing Sore throat Cough Headache Fe
Answer thisWhat causesYou can catch a cold if:A person with a cold sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose near you. Yo
Answer thisWho is at hAny one can have common cold but children, older population, people with decreased immun
Answer thisWhen to seIf you have the above symptoms contact a doctor.
Answer thisWhat to expAn upper respiratory tract infection usually gets better after a few days, and it normally has a
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of viral pneumonia often begin slowly and may not be severe at first. The most com
Answer thisWhat causeViral pneumonia is more likely to occur in young children and older adults, because their bodi
Answer thisWhat to expMost cases of viral pneumonia are mild and get better without treatment within 1 - 3 weeks, b
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of viral pneumonia develop.
Answer thisWhat are tYou may feel a variety of symptoms if you've hurt your back. You may have a tingling or burnin
Answer thisWhat causeIf you are like most people, you will have at least one backache in your life. While such pain or
Answer thisWho is at hYou are at particular risk for low back pain if you:Are over age 30 Are pregnant Feel stressed o
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor right away if you have:Back pain after a severe blow or fall Burning with urina
Answer thisWhat to expMany people will feel better within 1 week after the start of back pain. After another 4-6 wee
Answer thisWhat causeJoint pain can be caused by many types of injuries or conditions. No matter what causes it, joi
Answer thisWhen to seContact your health care provider if:You have fever that is not associated with flu symptoms.Y
Answer thisWhat are tYou may feel a variety of symptoms if you have hurt your back, including:Tingling or burning s
Answer thisWhat causeOne single event may not cause your pain. You may have been doing many things improperly-
Answer thisWho is at hYou are at particular risk for low back pain if you:Are over age 30 Are pregnant Feel stressed o
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have persistent, severe back pain, especially if you have a
Answer thisWhat to expMost back problems will get better on their own. The key is to know when you need to seek m
Answer thisWhat are tDifficulty extending the fingers -- the fourth and fifth fingers curl up and are unable to be easil
Answer thisWhat causeThe cause is unknown, but minor injury and your genes may make you more likely to develop
Answer thisWho is at The condition becomes more common after the age of 40. Men are affected more often than
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder.
Answer thisWhat to exThe disorder progresses at an unpredictable rate. Surgical treatment can usually restore norm
Answer thisWhat are thBone pain or tenderness Carpal tunnel syndrome Numbness or tingling in one or both hands P
Answer thisWhat causesThe cause of eosinophilic fasciitis is unknown. Fewer than 300 cases have been reported in th
Answer thisWho is at hiThe syndrome affects people of any age, but is more common in people ages 30 to 60.
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your health care provider for an appointment if you have symptoms of this disorder.
Answer thisWhat to expIn most cases, the condition goes away within 3 to 5 years. However, symptoms may return (r
Answer thisWhat are tPatients with kyphosis may experience the following symptoms. With the disease progresses,
Answer thisWho is at hOsteoporosis Disk degeneration such as arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Connective tissue diso
Answer thisWhen to seGo to hospital to reveal the underlying causes of your kyphosis.
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of kyphosis depends on:Underlying causes: Prognosis of patients with kyphosis caus
Answer thisWhat are tThe first symptom is often limping, which is usually painless. Sometimes there may be mild pa
Answer thisWhat causeThere are many theories about the cause of this disease, but little is actually known.Without e
Answer thisWho is at Legg-Calve-Perthes disease usually occurs in boys 4 - 10 years old.
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if a child develops any symptoms of th
Answer thisWhat to exThe outlook depends on the child's age and the severity of the disease. In general, the younge
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include:General feeling of being unwell: This ma
Answer thisWhat Cause The precise cause of mixed connective tissue disease is not known. Mixed connective tissue d
Answer thisWho is at hMixed connective tissue disease can occur in people of any age. However, it appears to be mo
Answer thisWhen to seSee your doctor if you have signs and symptoms that interfere with your daily routine — parti
Answer thisWhere to fMedical care for mixed connective tissue disease can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to expIn MCTD, prognosis depends on the type of organ involvement. The worst prognosis and high
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms of osteoarthritis vary from person to person. For most patients, it develops slowly
Answer thisWho is at hAging Obesity Trauma or surgery of joint Diabetes Other types of arthritis, such as gout or rhe
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if you have symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of osteoarthritis is good, although the disease may limit your movements.
Answer thisWhat are thArthritis may be mild and involve only a few joints, particularly those at the end of the fingers
Answer thisWhat causesPsoriasis is a common, chronic skin condition that causes red patches on the body. About 1 in
Answer thisWho is at hiIn general, people who have psoriasis have a higher rate of arthritis than the general populatio
Answer thisWhen to seeCall your doctor if your symptoms of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis progress.Diseases that ca
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of psoriatic varies from person to person. The disease may get less aggressive over ti
Answer thisWhat are tRaynaud's disease usually affect the fingers and toes, beginning in one finger or toe and movin
Answer thisWho is at hThe underlying cause of Raynaud's disease is not clear. Clinical studies demonstrate the follow
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if symptoms of Raynaud's disease develop.
Answer thisWhat to exGenerally, prognosis of Raynaud's disease is good. The most important thing is to avoid trigge
Answer thisWhat are tEarly symptoms:Dull pain in the abdomen that increases with time Pain and change of color in
Answer thisWhat causeRetroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disorder that occurs when extra fibrous tissue forms in the ar
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you experience lower abdomen or flank pain, particularly with
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis depends on the extent of the fibrosis and the amount of damage to the kidneys. Th
Answer thisWhat are tAffected joints of rheumatoid arthritis include the fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, kne
Answer thisWho is at hAs an autoimmune disease, the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not clear.
Answer thisWhen to seCall your doctor if your symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis progress.Diseases that can present w
Answer thisWhat to expPrognosis of rheumatoid arthritis varies from person to person. Disease may get less aggressiv
Answer thisWhat are tSymptoms may include:Arm weakness or pain with use Chest pain Dizziness / lightheadedness
Answer thisWhat Cause The cause of Takayasu arteritis is unknown. The disease occurs mainly in children and women
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition. Weak pulse, chest pain,
Answer thisWhere to fiMedical care for Takayasu's arteritis can be found here.
Answer thisWhat to expThis disease can be fatal without treatment. However, a combined treatment approach using
Answer thisWhat are tElbow pain that gradually worsens Pain radiating from the outside of the elbow to the forearm
Answer thisWhat causeThe part of the muscle that attaches to a bone is called a tendon. Muscles in your forearm atta
Answer thisWho is at hThis injury is common in people who play a lot of tennis or other racquet sports, hence the na
Answer thisWhen to seApply home treatment (over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications and keeping the elbo
Answer thisWhat to expMost people improve with nonsurgical treatment. The majority of those who do have surgery
Answer thisHow is an Amputations are done either by surgery, or they occur by accident or trauma to the body.
Answer thisWho needsReasons for having an amputation of a lower limb are:Severe trauma to the limb that is cause
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Amputation
Answer thisWhat are tRisks for any surgery are:Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs Breathing problem
Answer thisWhat to exWhen your amputation is planned, you will be asked to do certain things to prepare for it. Alw
Answer thisWhat to exThe end of your leg, or stump, will have a dressing and bandage that will remain on for 3 or m
Answer thisHow is Ap The appendix is a small, finger-shaped organ that comes out from the first part of the large int
Answer thisWho needsAn appendectomy is done for appendicitis. The condition can be hard to diagnose, especially i
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Appendicectomy
Answer thisWhat are tRisks from any anesthesia include the following:Reactions to medications. Problems breathing
Answer thisWhat to exIf you have symptoms of appendicitis, seek medical help right away. Do not use heating pads,
Answer thisWhat to exWith adequate care, most people recover from appendicitis and do not need to make change
Answer thisHow is a b A bone graft can be taken from the patient's own healthy bone. This is called an autograft. Au
Answer thisWhy is a b Bone grafts are used to:Fuse joints to prevent movement Repair bone loss from broken bones
Answer thisWhat to expOutlook for a bone graft is very good. Most bone grafts help the bone defect to heal with little
Answer thisWhy and wh The asymptomatic breast exam is generally performed only on women. This is because diseas
Answer thisHow is ChoOpen gallbladder removal surgeryThe surgeon makes a large incision (cut) in your belly to ope
Answer thisWho needsYour doctor may recommend gallbladder removal surgery if you have gallstones or your gallbl
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Cholecystectomy
Answer thisWhat are tThe risks for any anesthesia include:Reactions to drugs you are given. Breathing problems. Pn
Answer thisWhat to exYour doctor may ask you to have these medical tests done before you have surgery:Blood test
Answer thisWhat to exIf you do not have any signs of problems, you will be able to go home when you are able to dr
Answer thisHow is theJust before the baby is born, the obstetrician numbs the vaginal area opening and makes one
Answer thisWho needsEpisiotomies were once routinely performed to prevent vaginal tears during delivery. Today, r
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Episiotomy
Answer thisWhat to expAn episiotomy usually heals without problems and may be easier to repair than multiple tears
Answer thisHow is Nis A procedure called fundoplication is the most common type of anti-reflux surgery. During this
Answer thisWho needsYour doctor may suggest surgery when:You have symptoms of heartburn that get better when
Answer thisWhere to fDirections to Hospitals Performing Nissen fundoplication
Answer thisWhat are thRisks for any anesthesia are:Reactions to medicines. Breathing problems, including pneumoni
Answer thisWhat to exYour doctor may ask you to have these tests:Blood tests (complete blood count, electrolytes,
Answer thisWhat to exPatients who have laparoscopic surgery usually spend 1 to 3 days in hospital. Those who have
Answer thisAre there aYou should not eat or drink after midnight the night before the procedure.
Answer thisShould I t If you usually take a medication in the morning, you may take this medication with a few amo
Answer thisCan I showYou need to shower at the morning of your procedure and the night before it. Also you need t
Answer thisShould I shDo not shave in the area of the procedure.
Answer thisWho is at hScrotal swelling can occur in males at any age.
Answer thisWhat are tThe swelling can be on one or both sides, and there may be pain. The testicles and penis may
Answer thisWhat causeCertain medical treatments Congestive heart failure Epididymitis Hernia Hydrocele Injury Orch
Answer thisWhen to seCall your health care provider if:You notice any unexplained scrotal swelling The swelling is pa
Answer thisWhat to expIt depends on the underlying cause.
Answer thisWhat are tFullness, heaviness, aching, and sometimes pain in the legs Visible, enlarged veins Mild swellin
Answer thisWhat causeIn normal veins, valves in the vein keep blood moving forward toward the heart. With varicose
Answer thisWho is at hStanding for a long time and having increased pressure in the abdomen may make you more l
Answer thisWhen to seCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:Varicose veins are painful They get w
Answer thisWhat to expVaricose veins tend to get worse over time. You can ease discomfort and slow varicose vein pr
 oughing, shortness of breath) Burning, tearing, or itchy eyes Conjunctivitis (red, swollen eyes) Coughing Diarrhea Headache Hiv
ul substances, such as bacteria and viruses. It also reacts to foreign substances called allergens, which are generally harmless an
e symptoms of allergy occur. Treatment for allergies no longer works.
dren may outgrow an allergy. This is particularly true of food allergies. However, as a general rule, once a substance has trigger
hey may include the following:Abdominal pain or cramping Abnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds Anxiety Confusion Cough
ical that has become an allergen. After being exposed to a substance such as bee sting venom, the person's immune system be
are with another person, he or she may take you to the nearest emergency room.
thout prompt treatment. However, symptoms usually get better with the right therapy, so it is important to act right away.
You may also develop welts or swelling on the surface of your skin. The swelling usually occurs around the eyes and lips. It may
reaction, histamine and other chemicals are released into the bloodstream. The body releases histamine when the immune sys
to treatment It is severe You have never had angioedema beforeGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency numbe
ortable, but is usually harmless and goes away in a few days.
free periods. Some people have long-term shortness of breath with episodes of increased shortness of breath. Either wheezing
hma attack occurs, the muscles surrounding the airways become tight and the lining of the air passages swells. This reduces the
of allergies, such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or eczema. Others have no history of allergies.
ma symptoms develop. Call your health care provider or go to the emergency room if:An asthma attack requires more medicatio
prove over time. With proper self management and medical treatment, most people with asthma can lead normal lives.
or blisters usually appear on the elbows, knees, back, and buttocks. In most cases, the rash is the same size and shape on both
equently linked to gluten sensitivity (celiac sprue disease) in the small bowel.
lly of age 20 years and older. Although children may be sometimes affected.
te of the treatment.
rongly associated with celiac disease, which also affects the small intestine. The rash can be controlled with gluten free diet an
ng of the skin or eyes (common). Skin rash (common). Swelling of the lips, tongue, or face. Wheezing.Symptoms of anaphylaxis
an cause an adverse reaction. Reactions range from irritating or mild side effects such as nausea and vomiting to life-threatenin
d seem to be having a reaction to it.Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have di
ause severe asthma, anaphylaxis, or death.
ng. Rarely, the symptoms may begin hours after eating the offending food.If you develop symptoms shortly after eating a specifi
ally harmful substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins. In some people, an immune response is triggered by a substance
serious or whole-body reactions (particularly wheezing or difficulty breathing) after eating a food. If your doctor prescribed ep
mon or easily identified. However, you may need to severely restrict your diet, carefully read all package ingredients, and ask d
the substance you are allergic to may include:Itchy nose, mouth, eyes, throat, skin, or any area Problems with smell Runny nose
n with allergic rhinitis breathes in an allergen such as pollen or dust, the body releases chemicals, including histamine. This cau
ed down through families. If both your parents have allergies, you are likely to have allergies. The chance is greater if your moth
e symptoms of allergies or hay fever occur, if previously successful treatment has become ineffective, or if your symptoms do n
cases require allergy shots.Some people (particularly children) may outgrow an allergy as the immune system becomes less se
6 hours after you have left the area where the foreign substance is found, making it difficult to find a connection between you
k in places where there are high levels of organic dusts, fungus, or molds. Bird fancier's lung is the most common type of hyper
ersensitivity pneumonitis.
e to the material that caused the problem.
ommon are:Skin tests. Elimination-type tests. Blood tests (including the radioallergosorbent, or RAST, test).SKIN TESTSSkin tests
t cause an allergic reaction in a person.Your doctor may order allergy tests if you have:Allergic rhinitis and asthma symptoms th

negative (no response to the allergen).Abnormal ResultsA positive result means you reacted to a specific substance. Often, but n
red welts (called wheals) with clearly defined edges.The hives may get bigger, spread, and join together to form larger areas of
eleases histamine and other chemicals into your bloodstream. This causes itching, swelling, and other symptoms. Hives are a c
hortness of breath Tightness in your throat Tongue or face swelling WheezingCall your health care provider if the hives are sev
nd disappear on their own. In most cases, the exact cause of hives cannot be identified.
use, such as exercise or injury Muscle rigidity and stiffness Quick rise in body temperature to 105 degrees F or higher
rry the disease for a child to inherit the condition.It may occur with muscle diseases such as multiminicore myopathy and centr
urgery if:You know that you or a member of your family has had problems with general anesthesia You know you have a family
ure. Untreated episodes can be fatal.
ndividuals to work, attend school, or participate in other day-to-day activities. Patients and their physicians have a number of o
symptoms. If an aneurysm expands rapidly, tears open (ruptured aneurysm), or blood leaks along the wall of the vessel (aortic
aortic aneurysm include:Smoking High blood pressure High cholesterol Male gender Emphysema Genetic factors Obesity
ost often seen in males over 60 who have one or more risk factors. The larger the aneurysm, the more likely it is to rupture and
belly or back that does not go away or is very bad.
the aneurysm before it ruptures. However, less than 40% of patients survive a ruptured abdominal aneurysm.
t pain. The pain may feel like a heart attack, and can:Be described as sharp, stabbing, tearing, or ripping Be felt below the chest
chest toward the head (the ascending aorta). It then bends or arches, and finally moves down through the chest and abdomen
the steering wheel of a car during an accident High blood pressureOther risk factors and conditions associated with the develo
t pain, call 911 or your local emergency number or go to the emergency room as quickly as possible.
managed with surgery if it is done before the aorta ruptures. Less than half of patients with a ruptured aorta survive.Those wh
of skin (acanthosis nigricans) Deafness Impaired heart function (cardiomyopathy), which may lead to heart failure Obesity Prog
er. This means both your parents must pass on a copy of the defective gene (ALMS1) in order for you to have this disease. It is u
ms of diabetes such as increased thirst and urination. Seek medical attention promptly if you think that your child cannot see or
ess Type 2 diabetes Kidney and liver failure may get worse.
se organs can include the tongue, intestines, skeletal and smooth muscles, nerves, skin, ligaments, heart, liver, spleen, and kidn
related to abnormal and excess production of antibodies by a type of immune cell called plasma cells.Primary amyloidosis can
re. It is similar to multiple myeloma, and is treated the same way.
amyloidosis. You know you have primary amyloidosis and you have difficulty breathing, persistent swelling of the ankles or oth
ted. When the heart and kidney are involved, it may lead to organ failure and death. Body-wide (systemic) involvement can lea
aneurysm occurs near the body's surface, pain and swelling with a throbbing mass is often seen.Aneurysms within the body or
are present at birth (congenital). Defects in some of the parts of the artery wall may be responsible. Common locations for ane
r body, whether or not it is painful and throbbing.

isease. It is the signal of myocardial ischemia. There are other symptoms accopanying with angina as following,Chest pain: It al
a. The risk factors of coronary artery disease are as the same as Angina. It concludes bad lifestyle and cardiovascular diseases ris
yle should go to the doctor to follow-up. When one has the following symptoms, he/she need to seek urgent medical care:Per
isease. It is the signal of myocardial ischemia. There are other symptoms accopanying with angina as following,Chest pain: It al
a. The risk factors of coronary artery disease are as the same as Angina. It concludes bad lifestyle and cardiovascular diseases ris
yle should go to the doctor to follow-up. When one has the following symptoms, he/she need to seek urgent medical care:Per
oughing up blood Fainting Shortness of breath and pain when taking deep breaths Swelling of one leg
lood clots from forming. Congenital antithrombin III deficiency is an inherited disease. It occurs when a person receives one ab

nt medications.
how much blood can flow through the artery. Children with serious aortic narrowing tend to show signs and symptoms earlier
y the body with blood and nutrients. If part of the aorta is narrowed, it is hard for blood to pass through the artery. Aortic coar
tion is not clear. Clinical studies suggest that genetic and environmental factors both play an important role during pregnancy.
n and symptoms do not improve with treatment, or if new symptoms appear. If your baby experiences either of the following s
n angioplasty and stenting or the surgery has been done or not.
t pain. The pain may feel like a heart attack, and can:Be described as sharp, stabbing, tearing, or ripping Be felt below the chest
chest toward the head (the ascending aorta). It then bends or arches, and finally moves down through the chest and abdomen
ging Atherosclerosis Blunt trauma to the chest, such as hitting the steering wheel of a car during an accident High blood pressu
call 911 or your local emergency number or go to the emergency room as quickly as possible.
ged with surgery if it is done before the aorta ruptures. Less than half of patients with a ruptured aorta survive.Those who surv
mptoms may occur slowly or suddenly and include the following:Bounding pulse Chest pain, angina type (rare) Under the chest
e aortic valve from closing all the way. A small amount of blood comes back each time the heart beats.The condition causes wid
people. It is most common in men between the ages of 30 and 60.
nsufficiency. You have aortic insufficiency and symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop, especially chest pain, difficulty bre
 pletely relieve symptoms unless severe heart failure is present or other complications develop. Without treatment, patients wi
disease. The diagnosis may have been made when your healthcare provider heard a heart murmur and then performed additi
deposits on the aortic valve. These deposits occur naturally with age and have no relationship with the amount of calcium in th
alcifications that cause most cases of aortic stenosis are more likely to occur in patients above the age of 50, who are overweig
ms of aortic stenosis. For example, call if you or your child have increasing shortness of breath, chest pain or fainting.Also conta
hful waiting approach with their health care provider. They may be treated medically for some conditions associated with aortic
e, the aortic valve may be abnormal from birth (congenital aortic valve disease), or it could become diseased with age (acquire
g shortness of breath, chest pain (angina pectoris), and dizziness or loss of consciousness (passing out).A narrow valve makes th
r medical care team which usually consists of a thoracic or cardiothoracic surgeon and a cardiologist. Your medical team will lik
valve usually requires replacement. Once the decision is made to proceed with surgery, choices regarding the type of artificial v
heses are available today. Most surgeons have a particular preference for one valve over another related to technical factors (h
, meaning that it opens during systole (when the ventricle contracts or squeezes blood out into the aorta and the rest of the bo
thoracic surgeon and cardiologist. Risks generally depend on age, general health, specific medical conditions, and heart functio
o return to their preoperative condition or better. Anticoagulation ("blood thinners") with a drug like Coumadin may be prescr
ill make you fall into a pain-free sleep.There are several different ways to do minimally invasive aortic valve surgery. Technique
perly. Surgery may be done for these reasons:Changes in your aortic valve are causing major heart symptoms, such as chest pai
ally invasive
to the lungs. Blood loss. Breathing problems. Infection, including in the lungs, kidneys, bladder, chest, or heart valves. Reaction
t What drugs you are taking, even drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescription.You may be able to store blo
You will spend the first night in an intensive care unit (ICU). Nurses will monitor your condition constantly.Usually within 24 ho
ill make you unconscious and unable to feel pain.Your surgeon will make a 10-inch-long cut in the middle of your chest. Next, y
rly. You may need open-heart valve surgery for these reasons:Changes in your aortic valve are causing major heart symptoms, s

vel to the lungs Blood loss Breathing problems Infection, including in the lungs, kidneys, bladder, chest, or heart valves Reactio
t What drugs you are taking, even drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescriptionYou may be able to store blo
ill spend the first night in the ICU and may stay there for 1 or 2 days. Two to three tubes will be in your chest to drain fluid from
flow to part of the body becomes slowed or blocked.If the arteries to the heart become narrow, blood flow to the heart can sl
ng. As you grow older, plaque buildup narrows your arteries and makes them stiffer. These changes make it harder for blood t
healthy lifestyle -- most commonly, eating a diet that is high in fat. Other risk factors are heavy alcohol use, lack of exercise, an
red. However, lifestyle changes and treating high cholesterol levels can prevent or slow the process from becoming worse.
al pattern, especially if it has been occurring for some time.Symptoms may include:Pulse that feels rapid, racing, pounding, flutt
conduction system of the heart.Normally, the four chambers of the heart (two atria and two ventricles) contract in a very spec

le with atrial fibrillation do very well.Atrial fibrillation tends to become a chronic condition, however, it may relapse even with

hould take your drugs the way your doctor and nurse have told you to. Go back to taking any medicine you were on before, unl
ed for pain in the area where the catheter was placed. If pain is not relieved with acetaminophen, contact your doctor. Please b
ctivities, including sexual activity. For at least one week, you should not lift, push, or pull anything heavier than 10 pounds or do
wer the day after the procedure.
nd on the type of work you do.
in your chest, arm, neck, or jaw. Shortness of breath. Gas pains or indigestion. Sweaty, or if you lose color. Lightheaded. Fast he
al pattern. Symptoms may start or stop suddenly. This is because atrial fibrillation may stop or start on its own.Symptoms may i
a very organized way. The electrical impulse that signals your heart to contract begins in an area called the sinoatrial node (als
of heart disease Past history of cardiac surgery Hyperactive thyroid gland Abnormal heart valves Elderly age Chronic alcoholism
brillation or flutter.
trial fibrillation do very well. However, atrial fibrillation tends to return and get worse. It may come back even with treatment. C
any a change of body position. Symptoms may include:Breathing difficulty that is relieved when lying flat (platypnea) Breathing
he tumor started within the heart. Most heart tumors start somewhere else. A tumor that originates elsewhere is called a met
s are passed down through families (inherited). Such tumors are called familial myxomas. They tend to occur in more than one
yxomas or if you have symptoms of atrial myxoma.
Untreated, a myxoma can lead to an embolism (tumor cells breaking off and traveling with the bloodstream), which can block b
be absent, especially in children. Symptoms may begin any time after birth through childhood and even into adulthood. Sympt
wo upper chambers of the heart (called atria) to allow blood to bypass the lungs. As the lungs become more developed, the hea
he Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that, every year, 1,966 babies in the United States are born with an atrial septa
mptoms as soon as possible:Heart failure Shortness of breath (Dyspnea) Bluish coloring to the skin Failure to thriveCall your hea

may be found much later in life. Many problems can occur if the shunt is large, however. In advanced and severe cases with larg
end largely on the type of defect: partial or complete. A partial atrioventricular canal defect involves a malformation of the upp
There is some evidence to suggest a genetic component, especially in relation to Down syndrome as many Down syndrome pa
tain babies are born with atrioventricular canal defects. There is evidence, however, to suggest that certain factors may increa
velops signs of heart failure, such as:Decreased/poor appetite Shortness of breath Extreme fatigue/easy tiring Swelling in the le
kely to lead a normal, healthy life without activity restrictions. Care, however, is lifelong and requires yearly follow-ups to track
ing (sensation) in hands and feet Loss of muscle function or paralysis of the lower legs Mental confusion/speech difficulties Pai
cardiovascular system. Dry beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome affect the nervous system.Beriberi is rare in the United S
feel your family's diet is inadequate or poorly balanced, and you or your children have any symptoms of beriberi, call your hea
usually improve quickly.Heart damage is usually reversible, and a full recovery is expected. However, if acute heart failure has
nts or children because it causes no symptoms. However, the abnormal valve can leak or become narrow.Symptoms of such com
t to the aorta. It prevents the blood from flowing back from the aorta into the heart when the pumping chamber relaxes.Bicus
unusually pale or bluish skin Seems to tire easily
bicuspid aortic valve are present, and how severe they are.The presence of other physical problems at birth also can affect how
hough signs and symptoms, including sudden death, can occur any time from early infancy to old age. The mean age of sudden
ons in the SCN5A gene have been identified in fewer than one-third of people with Brugada syndrome. This gene provides instr
which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person has o
orted to the hospital if they suffer from cardiac arrest. Patients should seek medical care when there are symptoms such as syn
hough it may present in infants and children as sudden cardiac death. The mean age of sudden death in patients with Brugada
he following:Pain and weakness in the legs and feet or arms and hands Swelling in your feet and hands Fingers and toes that tu
culitis (inflammation of the blood vessels).The blood vessels of the hands and feet are especially affected. They tighten or beco
autoimmune diseases Race: Buerger disease is relatively more common in people of natives of India, Korea, and Japan, and Isra

epending on:The patient's life-style The severity of the damaged vessles

oms of restrictive cardiomyopathy, while others may show no symptoms. Common symptoms include:Skipped heart beats or ex
ildup of clumps of proteins called amyloids in body tissues and organs. These proteins slowly replace normal tissue, leading to
n the body tissues and organs. These proteins gradually replace the normal tissue resulting in organ dysfunction. Amyloidosis o
sis develop. If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek urgent medical care as soon as possible:Skipped heart beats

wly worsens. On average, persons with cardiac amyloidosis live less than 1 year.
w (bradycardia)Too quick (tachycardia)Irregular, uneven or skipping beatsAn arrhythmia may be present all of the time or it ma
lungs and the rest of the body.To help this happen, your heart has an electrical system that makes sure it contracts (squeezes)
h blood pressure Previous heart surgery Congenital heart disease Thyroid problems Drugs and certain supplements Obesity Dia
ms of a possible arrhythmia You have been diagnosed with an arrhythmia and your symptoms worsen or do not improve with
a -- some arrhythmias may be life threatening if not treated right away, or do not respond well to treatment Whether you have

ications you were on before the procedure. Be sure your doctor knows about everything you are taking.
ed for pain in the area where the catheter was placed. Please be sure you are not taking more than one product containing ace
cedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, or pulling anything heavier than 10 pounds in the first week after the procedure. Also avoid any e
usually takes about a week. You may shower on the day after the procedure after removing the Band-aid over your puncture si
when you can go back to work.
te that does not stop when you apply pressure. Your arm or leg below where the catheter was inserted changes color, is cool to
ubstitutions like steamed vegetables instead of French fries. Use the basic guidelines of your healthy eating plan when choosing
for soft margarine instead. Order your dressings and sauces on the side so you can control how much you use. Stay away from
 h worsens with deep breathing or coughing. Difficulty breathing Discomfort, sometimes relieved by sitting upright or leaning fo
mulates in pericardial cavity and thereby cause elevated intrapericardial pressure. Below are few of the causes for fluid in peric
(such as 911) if symptoms develop. Cardiac tamponade is an emergency condition requiring immediate attention.
any a change of body position. Symptoms may include:Breathing difficulty that is relieved when lying flat (platypnea) Breathing
he tumor started within the heart. Most heart tumors start somewhere else. A tumor that originates elsewhere is called a met
s are passed down through families (inherited). Such tumors are called familial myxomas. They tend to occur in more than one
yxomas or if you have symptoms of atrial myxoma.
Untreated, a myxoma can lead to an embolism (tumor cells breaking off and traveling with the bloodstream), which can block b
ng Fast pulse Heavy sweating, moist skin Lightheadedness Loss of alertness and ability to concentrate Restlessness, agitation, co
p as much blood as the body needs.The most common causes are serious heart complications. Many of these occur during or a
(such as 911) if you have symptoms of cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency.
80 - 90%. In more recent studies, this rate has decreased to 50 - 75%.When cardiogenic shock is not treated, the outlook is poo
h Dizziness Swelling (edema) Abnormal rhythm (arrhythmia) CoughIt can also be asymptomatic in some people.
enital heart defects, heart valve disease, hemochromatosis, HIV, pulmonary hypertension and high blood pressure etc. It can al
ent is at risk if present with the following conditions like:High blood pressure Positive family history of cardiomyopathy Corona
of cardiomegaly or a positive family history.
matic. During the course of the disease it can present with the following symptomsBreathlessness which can be exertional or at
gnancy, alcohol / cocaine abuse or infections can all cause cardiomyopathy. Some types of cardiomyopathy run in families. In m
r, certain types of the disease are more common in certain groups.Dilated cardiomyopathy is more common in african america
of cardiomyopathy or a positive family history.
e people don't even realize they have it. In others, however, it can make the heart less able to pump blood through the bodySo
f a stroke or a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Some of these symptoms include:Weakness in one part of your body Blurred visio
ed plaque build up in the inner lining of the arteries. The plaque may slowly block or narrow the carotid artery or cause a clot (t
igh blood pressure Diabetes Heart disease High cholesterol Heavy alcohol use Kidney disease, especially when dialysis is neede
(such as 911) as soon as symptoms occur. When having a stroke, every second of delay can result in more brain injury.
eople who have a stroke recover most or all of their functions. Others die from the stroke itself or from complications. About ha
during physical activity or emotional stress:Fainting is commonly the first sign of the disease Light-headedness or dizziness Palp
art of your DNA, the material passed down from parents to children, which can be passed down through families and inherited
istory of fainting (syncope) or sudden death.Thus, if you or someone in your family has CPVT, you and all other family member
(such as 911) if you have a rapid, irregular pulse, faint, or have chest pain. All of these may be signs of ventricular tachycardia.
dication compliance, ICD, regular monitoring with exercise testing and follow-ups.
. This kind of aneurysm may be found when an MRI or CT scan of the brain is done for another reason.A cerebral aneurysm ma
n the wall of a blood vessel. An aneurysm may be present from birth (congenital) or it may develop later in life, such as after a b
brain, but only a small number of these aneurysms cause symptoms or rupture. Risk factors include a family history of cerebral
(such as 911) if you have a sudden or severe headache, especially if you also have nausea, vomiting, seizures, or any other neu
neurysm rupture generally do not do as well as those with less severe symptoms.Ruptured cerebral aneurysms are often deadl
phase may have no symptoms or very mild symptoms. Symptoms include:Fever General ill feeling (malaise) Swelling of one eye
ted to the African trypanosome that causes sleeping sickness. It is spread by reduvid bugs and is one of the major health proble
duvid bugs live in the walls Living in Central or South America Poverty Receiving a blood transfusion from a person who carries
may be infected with Chagas disease.
chronic or symptomatic Chagas disease. It may take more than 20 years from the time of the original infection to develop hea
re are many possible causes of chest pain. Some causes are mildly inconvenient, while other causes are serious, even life-threa
pressure in your chest. Pain radiates to your jaw, left arm, or between your shoulder blades. You have nausea, dizziness, sweati
dical help if you think you are experiencing angina. Symptoms of angina can include one or more of the following:Chest discom

t is characterized by a fatty material called plaque that builds up over many years on the inner walls of the coronary arteries (th
ronary artery disease (CAD) and subsequently present with anginal pain.Major risk factors for stable angina that you can contro
xplained chest pain, upper body discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach Shortness of breath Nausea, v
proper medication. {{#ev:youtube|O3jJ-s23G5M}}
igorous activity. Pain may occur in: Buttocks Hips Thighs Calves Feet Arms Pain that is stop-and-go during moderately rigorous a
disease in which a person’s arteries in his limbs are damaged. The artery damage is usually caused by atherosclerosis.Atherosch
developing both claudication and atherosclerosis:Smokers High blood pressure Body mass index over 30 (obesity) Total blood ch
or. Claudication and peripheral artery disease can be serious, and may affect your quality of life if they are not treated.
thout experiencing pain. However, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle to prevent your condition from worsening.
cer, ice hockey, polo, rugby, cricket, softball, pelota, fencing, lacrosse, boxing, karate, kung fu and other martial arts where the
nd to be unresponsive, apneic, pulseless, and without an audible heartbeat. Emergent resuscitation is mandated by any person
er of these victims surviving after immediate resuscitation.
ve. First-degree heart block rarely causes symptoms. Symptoms of second- and third-degree heart block include: Fainting Dizzin
acenta is the organ that attaches the umbilical cord to the mother's womb.) These proteins can damage the baby's heart and le
thers have autoimmune diseases, such as lupus. People who have these diseases make proteins called antibodies that attack an
e symptoms mentioned above are new or severe,the patient need to visit hospital emergency room. For milder symptoms, talk
er morbidity and mortality rates than do patients presenting later in childhood.
heart disease is present at birth, the symptoms may not be immediately obvious for e.g. coarctation of the aorta may not cause
tic (blue discoloration caused by a relative lack of oxygen) and non-cyanotic. The common causes of congenital heart diseases a
ude:People with a family history of congenital heart disease Babies born to mothers who: Drink during pregnancy Use recreatio
a heart problem.

sease develops, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms: Ankle edema or swelling of the feet and legs Claud
times develop suddenly.The condition may affect only the right side or only the left side of the heart. These are called right-sid
increase your risk of getting heart failure. You are at a higher risk if you are:A woman aged 55 or older A man aged 45 or older
ase developing, the heart function decompensate and patients demonstrate a series of signs and symptoms. Call your health c
y. The following factors may help the doctor estimate the prognosis.The severity of the symptoms: It is well established that pa
ty breathing that slowly develops and worsens Fatigue Edema - long term swelling of the legs and ankles due to exertion Swolle
isease that cause inflammation around the heart, such as:Heart surgery (post-cardiac surgery) Radiation therapy to the chest a
are at risk. This condition is most common among adults and is exceedingly rare in children.
tive pericarditis.
atening. Surgery is reserved for patients who have severe symptoms due to the high complication rate.
olerance. Shortness of breath. Swelling of the feet or ankles. Symptoms of underlying disorders (wheezing, coughing).
essure in order to pump blood to the body. The right side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs under much lower pressu
eath or chest pain.
ygen often improves symptoms, stamina, and survival.Treating primary pulmonary hypertension often leads to greater stamina
e septum and the manifestations of associated congenital cardiac defects. In most patients, the opening is severely restrictive a
m is not clear. Clinical studies suggest that both genetic and environmental factors may play a role during the pregnancy.Viral in
evelop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Dyspnea Hemoptys
ry has been done. The outcomes of infants or children, who are untreated with symptomatic cor triatriatum sinistrum associat

tor about the dose you should take. Plavix (clopidogrel) and Effient (prasugrel) may be used in addition to Aspirin to decrease t
ed for pain in the area where the catheter was placed. Please be sure you are not taking more than one product containing ace
cedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, or pulling anything heavier than 10 pounds in the first week after the procedure. Also avoid any e
usually takes about a week. You may shower on the day after the procedure after removing the Band-Aid over your puncture si
when you can go back to work.
te that does not stop when you apply pressure. There is swelling at the catheter site. Your leg or arm below where the catheter
who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD) that could lead to a heart attack. CABG also may be used to treat people who ha
rafting (CABG). For example, you may have blood tests, an EKG (electrocardiogram), echocardiography, a chest x ray, cardiac ca
erts. A cardiothoracic surgeon does the surgery with support from an anesthesiologist, perfusionist (heart-lung bypass machine
CABG) are uncommon, the risks include:Wound infection and bleeding.Reactions to anesthesia.Fever.Pain.Stroke, heart attack,
are unit (ICU). Your heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels will be checked regularly during this time. An intravenous line
e the disease and not have any symptoms.Chest pain or discomfort (angina) is the most common symptom. You feel this pain w
therosclerosis, which occurs when fatty material and other substances form a plaque build-up on the walls of your arteries. Th
0s have a higher risk of CHD than women. But as women get older (especially after they reach menopause), their risk increases
more than one test before making a definite diagnosis.Tests may include:Electrocardiogram (ECG) Exercise stress test Echocard
PCI or CABG, these two procedures have inherently different mechanisms. While PCI mitigates an obstruction, it can not preve
the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps a
urs before having your blood drawn.
moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
en for high blood cholesterol and triglycerides To follow people who have had high cholesterol levels and are being treatedScr
ry disease or other risk factors than for those with known coronary artery disease, diabetes, or high blood pressure.The desired
r atherosclerosis and related disorders, including:Heart disease Kidney disease Poor blood supply to the legs Stroke
from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.O

tor about the dose you should take. Plavix (clopidogrel) and Effient (prasugrel) may be used in addition to Aspirin to decrease t
ed for pain in the area where the catheter was placed. Please be sure you are not taking more than one product containing ace
cedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, or pulling anything heavier than 10 pounds in the first week after the procedure. Also avoid any e
usually takes about a week. You may shower on the day after the procedure after removing the Band-Aid over your puncture si
when you can go back to work.
te that does not stop when you apply pressure. There is swelling at the catheter site. Your leg or arm below where the catheter
ay result in chest pain or angina. If the spasm lasts long enough, it may even cause a heart attack.The main symptom is a type o
me hardened due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis). However, it also can occur in arteries with plaque buildup.A contraction
ople. About 2% of patients with angina have coronary vasospasm.Coronary vasospasm occurs most commonly in people who s
you have a history of angina and the crushing or squeezing chest pain is not relieved by nitroglycerin. The pain may be due to a
one leg Leg pain in one leg Leg tenderness in one leg Skin that feels warm to the touch Swelling (edema) of one leg
the lower leg and thigh. The clot can block blood flow and cause swelling and pain. When a clot breaks off and moves through
any age.Sitting for long periods when traveling can increase the risk of DVTs. This is most likely when one or more of the risk fa
to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have DVT and you develop chest pain, difficult
Some people may have long-term pain and swelling in the leg known as post-phlebitic syndrome. Wearing tight (compression)
104–105 degrees Fahrenheit. A flat, red rash may appear over most of the body 2–5 days after the fever starts. A second rash,
ses. It is spread by the bite of mosquitoes, most commonly the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which is found in tropic and subtropic
is endemic is a risk factor for the disease. These regions include:Indonesian archipelago into northeastern Australia South and C
here dengue fever is known to occur and have developed symptoms of the disease.
fortable, dengue fever in most cases is not deadly. People with the condition should fully recover. Some people develop a more
onditions that may include dextrocardia may cause the following symptoms:Bluish skin Difficulty breathing Failure to grow and
s. Sometimes, for reasons that are unclear, the heart develops and turns so that it points to the right side of the chest instead o
tain babies are born with dextocardia. There is evidence to suggest that families with a history of genetic problems and other c
and should have no problems related to the location of the heart. When dextrocardia appears with other defects in the heart a
or upper abdomenIt can be hard to tell a spasm from angina pectoris, a symptom of heart disease. The pain may spread to the
very cold foods may trigger an episode in some people.
ave symptoms of diffuse esophageal spasm that don't go away.
last for a long time (chronic). Medicine can help relieve symptoms.
elop slowly over time. However, sometimes symptoms start very suddenly and are severe.Common symptoms are:Chest pain
nd poorly controlled high blood pressure are the most common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. These problems lead to a w
myopathy.If chest pain, palpitations, or faintness develop seek emergency medical treatment immediately.
se over time. Some people develop severe heart failure, in which medicines, other treatments, and surgery no longer help. Ma
ruising Drop in blood pressure
ecome activated and travel to the injury site to help stop bleeding. However, in persons with DIC, these proteins become abnor
especially certain types of leukemia Infection in the blood by bacteria or fungus Liver disease Pregnancy complications (such as
t won't stop.
can be life-threatening.
and stabbing (pleuritic) or tight and crushing (ischemic) Pain may get worse when breathing and may go away when you stand
t type of pericarditis most often occurs within 2 to 5 days after a heart attack. When the body tries to clean up the diseased he
heart attack, open heart surgery, or chest trauma, or if your heat attack affected the thickness of your heart muscle.
 carditis after a heart attack You have been diagnosed with pericarditis and symptoms continue or come back, despite treatmen
tment. In some cases, untreated pericarditis can be life threatening.
e air passages in your nose, mouth, or throat may lead to difficulty breathing. Heart disease can cause breathlessness if your he
bluish-colored lips and nails due to low blood oxygen levels. Symptoms range from mild to severe. In severe cases, the baby ap
use of certain drugs (such as lithium or benzodiazepines) during pregnancy may play a role. Ebstein's anomaly occurs as a baby
fficult to distinguish who is at risk. However, the use of certain drugs (such as lithium or benzodiazepines) during pregnancy may
of this condition. Seek immediate medical attention if breathing problems occur.
nd skin (cyanosis) Chest pain Coughing up blood Dizziness Fainting Feeling tired Shortness of breath Stroke Swelling in the join
t often, babies with this condition are born with a hole between the two pumping chambers -- the left and right ventricles -- of
tain babies are born with Eisenmenger's syndrome. There is evidence to suggest that families with a history of genetic problem
medical condition is present, and the age at which high blood pressure develops in the lungs. Patients with this condition can l
n example of a normal ECG. Click on the Image for an enlargement
e of birth at the right of that are below each other the Frequency, the conduction times (PQ,QRS,QT/QTc), and the heart axis (P
skeletal muscles, the heart is electrically stimulated to contract. This stimulation is also called activation or excitation. Cardiac m
octor when you could do that. This is different for everyone.
ications you were on before the procedure. Be sure your doctor knows about everything you are taking.
ed for pain in the area where the catheter was placed. Please be sure you are not taking more than one product containing ace
cedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, or pulling anything heavier than 10 pounds in the first week after the procedure. Also avoid any e
when you can go back to work.
ed drainage, swelling, painful). You feel dizzy or short of breath. You have chest pain. You have hiccups that do not go away. Yo
ddenly (acute). Fever is the classic symptom and may persist for days before any other symptoms appear.Other symptoms may
other infectious substance can enter the bloodstream during certain medical procedures, including dental procedures, and trav
s:Artificial heart valves Congenital heart disease (atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and others) Heart valve problem
ms during or after treatment:Weight loss without change in diet Blood in urine Chest pain Weakness Numbness or weakness o
outcome. Heart valves may be damaged if diagnosis and treatment are delayed.
e $2,884 per patient.The cost of Warfarin is approximately $0.30 per day, $109.5 per year.(http://www.pharmacychecker.com/
atistical significance for the 150 mg dose), you would need to treat 200 patients for one year to save one life.
nal 200 X $1,123 or $224,600.
e years of life a female can expect to live beyond 71 years is 14 years and a male is 13 years:(http://www.census.gov/compend
rs the person whose life was saved goes on to live equates to $33,274 per year of life saved. This is well within the acceptable l
ffectiveness analysis, the cost effectiveness of dabigatran may be even more favorable.The lifetime cost of all cause stroke is es
Warfarin to 1.01% / year for dabigatran, a 0.56% / year reduction. You would need to treat 179 patients with dabigatran to pre
ement in mortality is small, and this point estimate may be unstable (p=0.051). Patients with atrial fibrillation may live longer t
he National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence stated the following (http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,
ncluding iron deficiency anemia) Depression or grief Medications such as sedatives or antidepressants Persistent pain Sleep diso
ve blurred vision You have little to no urine, or recent swelling and weight gainCall your doctor if:You have unexplained weakne
hers may haveHigh blood pressure Dizziness or vertigo Chronic headache Intracranial aneurysm Ringing in the ears Weakness o
eved that several factors may play a role.Genetics. Genetics may play a role in the development of fibromuscular dysplasia. Bu
ve a much greater risk than men. Age. more common in people from 25 to 50 years old. Smoking appear to have an increased r
ed symptoms then you should call or visit a health care professional.
nd exam or a CT angiogram is done every six to 12 months to see the prognosis.
n, however, in men, symptoms may take up to a month to appear. Some people do not have symptoms. They may be complete
yone who has any type of sex can catch gonorrhea. The infection can be spread by contact with the mouth, vagina, penis, or an
le sexual partners Have a partner with a past history of any sexually transmitted disease Do not use a condom during sex Are a
your health care provider immediately. Most state-sponsored clinics will diagnose and treat STDs without charge.
or other areas almost always can be cured with antibiotics. Gonorrhea that has spread is a more serious infection but almost alw
lts of the coronary angiography. Check the chapter on myocardial infarction if you would like to review related EKG and angiog

World Hantaviruses recover completely. No chronic infection has been detected in humans. Some patients have experienced lo
9-1-1 if someone is having them. Those symptoms include:Chest discomfort - pressure, squeezing, or pain. The most common s
 coronary artery disease (CAD). In CAD, a fatty material called plaque builds up over many years on the inside walls of the coron
ronary artery disease (CAD) and have a heart attack. Some risk factors for heart attack can be controlled, while others can't.Ma
omfort or chest pain, upper body discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach, shortness of breath, nausea
eart attacks, and almost half of them die. CAD, which often results in a heart attack, is the leading killer of both men and wome
gree heart block rarely causes symptoms.Symptoms of second- and third-degree heart block include:Chest pain Dizziness Fainti
isorder (congenital), while others develop it during their lifetimes (acquired) either from a disease, medication or surgery.One
erent.If a pregnant patient has an autoimmune disease, such as lupus, her fetus is at risk for heart block.Autoimmune diseases
e first time or are severe, call 9–1–1 or have someone drive you to the hospital emergency room. If you have milder symptoms,
re treatment. If you have second-degree heart block that doesn't require a pacemaker, talk with your doctor about keeping you
nd your doctor may discover it when listening to your heart with a stethoscope. presence of this symptoms indicate heart probl
on in newborns and children. An abnormal heart murmur is more serious. In children, usually the cause congenital heart diseas
ure (hypertension). Infection of the lining of the heart (endocarditis),Factors that increase your baby's risk of developing a hear
r child has a heart murmur, make an appointment to see your family doctor. Get medical help if you feel: Chest pain,Breathless
with other types of heart murmurs, the prognosis depends on the type of heart problem and its severity. In general, even whe
no longer be treated with medications or other surgeries Severe heart failure, when medicines, other treatments, and surgery
nBlood clots (deep venous thrombosis) Damage to the kidneys, liver, or other organs from anti-rejection medications Developm
a heart transplant. The first 24 to 48 hours will likely be in the intensive care unit (ICU). During the first few days after a transpla
ve, raised tumor with blood vessels Most hemangiomas are on the face and neck.
ar in the first several months of life.The hemangioma may be:In the top skin layers (capillary hemangioma) Deeper in the skin (
y the health care provider during a routine examination.Hemangiomas of the eyelid may interfere with the development of nor
About 50% go away by age 5, and 90% are gone by age 9.
stributed in eastern Asia, particularly in China, Russia, and Korea. Puumala virus is found in Scandinavia, western Europe, and w
n become infected with these viruses and develop HFRS after exposure to aerosolized urine, droppings, or saliva of infected ro
ers include the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), the reservoir for both the Saaremaa and Hantaan virus; the brown or
posure to infectious material, but in rare cases, they may take up to 8 weeks to develop. Initial symptoms begin suddenly and i
S in patients with a clinical history compatible with the disease. Such patients are determined to have HFRS if they have serolog
ntavirus infections. Care includes careful management of the patient’s fluid (hydration) and electrolyte (e.g., sodium, potassium
in less than 1% to as many as 15% of patients. Fatality ranges from 5-15% for HFRS caused by Hantaan virus, and it is less than 1
s infections. Rodent populations near human communities should be controlled, and rodents should be excluded from homes.
kin Rapid heart rate Rapid, shallow breathing Restlessness Shortness of breath
also occur in patients who have:A defect of blood clotting Death of lung tissue (pulmonary infarction) Lung or pleural cancer P
or shortness of breathGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:Dizziness, fever,
w quickly treatment is given.
yperactivity Mental function gets worse over time Severe mental retardation SpasticityLate (mild) form:Mild to no mental defic
n affected.The condition is caused by a lack of the enzyme iduronate sulfatase. Without this enzyme, mucopolysaccharides buil
f these symptoms You know you are a genetic carrier and are considering having children
0 years. People with the late-onset (mild) form usually live 20 - 60 years.
s 3 and 8. Infants with severe Hurler syndrome appear normal at birth. Facial symptoms may become more noticeable during t
lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase. This substance, called an enzyme, helps break down long chains of sugar molecules called glyco
rler syndrome and are considering having children Your child begins to show symptoms of Hurler syndrome
h this disease develop nervous system problems, and can die young.
s for coronary heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure (hypertension), and other problems.There are many types of cholester
gh blood pressure is found when they visit their health care provider or have it checked elsewhere.Because there are no symp
pertension is the most prevalent hypertension type, affecting 90-95% of hypertensive patients.Although there is no direct cause
veral risk factors.Of most importance areIncreased salt intake in diet Obesity Smoking Increased alcohol intake Family history w
ood pressure every 2 years by the primary care doctor if it is below 120/80 and yearly if blood pressure ranges from 120-139/8
lled under the normal limits if one tries to follow lifestyle preventive measures like exercising, eating a heart healthy diet, avoid
pecific symptoms, although a majority have a history of chronic high blood pressure.If high blood pressure left untreated or unc
ressure for many years. High blood pressure is known as the second cause of end stage renal disease.
athy, including:high blood pressure for a long time, especially untreated or uncontrolled blood pressure. Diabetes Smoking Obe
y symptoms and signs listed above. If you have high blood pressure or have other conditions that increase your risk for hyperte
he buildup of fluids and waste products in the body. Both of these treatments can have serious risks and consequences. The ou
hey have the condition until it is found during a routine medical exam. Chest pain, Dizziness, Fainting, especially during exercise
one part of the heart is thicker than the other parts. The condition is usually passed down through families (inherited). It is belie
ng athletes who seem completely healthy but die during heavy exercise. However, certain normal changes in athletes' hearts ca
ave any symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy You develop chest pain, palpitations, faintness, or other new or unexplaine
symptoms and live a normal lifespan. Others may get worse gradually or rapidly. The condition may develop into a dilated card
wever, a big drop in the level can be life threatening.Symptoms of hypokalemia include:Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias
, to function properly. You get potassium through food. The kidneys remove excess potassium in the urine to keep a proper ba
e had excessive diarrhea, or if you are taking diuretics and have symptoms of hypokalemia.
. In severe cases, without proper treatment a severe drop in potassium levels can lead to serious heart rhythm problems that c
mal. Symptoms usually occur in the first few hours of life, although it may take up to a few days to develop symptoms. These sy
It is more common in males than in females. As with most congenital heart defects, there is no known cause. Approximately 1
s. Approximately 10% of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome also have other birth defects.
ats less (decreased feeding) Has blue (cyanotic) skin or mucus membranes Has new changes in breathing patterns
al rates for the staged repair continue to rise as surgical techniques and postoperative management improve. Survival after the
ng Light-headedness Sleepiness Weakness
ormal for another. Most normal blood pressures fall in the range of 90/60 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) to 130/80 mm Hg. B
should immediately sit or lie down and raise your feet above heart level.If low blood pressure causes a person to pass out (beco

octor when you could do that. This is different for everyone.

ications you were on before the procedure. Be sure your doctor knows about everything you are taking.
ed for pain in the area where the catheter was placed. Please be sure you are not taking more than one product containing ace
e with strong magnetic fields might. Ask your doctor or nurse if you have questions about any specific device. Most appliances i
rted to lift, push or pull anything weighing more than five pounds, at least for the first 6 weeks. You may do the daily activities l
when you can go back to work.
ur ICD. The settings of your ICD may need to be adjusted, or your medicines may need to be changed. Also call your doctor if:Yo
he site of the arch interruption. Usual symptoms include:Cyanosis Rapid breathing Fast heart rate Weakness or fatigue Poor fe
ortic arch is not clear. Clinical surveys and basic research suggest that the gene mutation may play an important role during the
tic arch and symptoms do not improve with treatment, or if new symptoms appear. If your baby experiences either of the follow
of surgery. In most cases, the prognosis is excellent with good surgical repair.
ps is one way to systematically evaluate the post-stent-deployment angiogram.Is there any injury to the proximal vessel from g
. This kind of aneurysm may be found when an MRI or CT scan of the brain is done for another reason.A cerebral aneurysm ma
n the wall of a blood vessel. An aneurysm may be present from birth (congenital) or it may develop later in life, such as after a b
Coarctation of the aorta High blood pressure
(such as 911) if you have a sudden or severe headache, especially if you also have nausea, vomiting, seizures, or any other neu
neurysm rupture generally do not do as well as those with less severe symptoms. Ruptured cerebral aneurysms are often dead
n). Diarrhea Fever Vomiting
ave a history of peripheral vascular disease.
el Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Congestive heart failure Diabetes High blood pressure Irritable bowel syndrome Low
emic colitis.
r own. They do not need surgical treatment. The death rate is high when gangrene occurs because there is not enough blood s
greater than 102 °F, often as high as 104 °F. A persistent fever lasting at least 5 days is considered a classic sign. The fever may
not been determined. It may be an autoimmune disorder. The disorder affects the mucus membranes, lymph nodes, walls of th
isease was first discovered. In the United States, after congenital heart defects, Kawasaki disease is the leading cause of heart d
develop. A persistent high fever that does not come down with acetaminophen or ibuprofen and lasts more than 24 hours sho
ected. However, about 1% of patients die from complications of coronary blood vessel inflammation. Patients who have had Ka
nd is often discovered during routine screening. Family history of premature coronary heart disease and severe hyperlipidemia
s for heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure (hypertension), and other problems.There are many types of cholesterol. The on
ses, like smoking, diabetes or high blood pressure make appointments as recommended by your doctor.
d atherosclerosis. This occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard structu
eek medical help if you think have Lyme disease. Early signs and symptoms (3 to 30 days after tick bite): The first symptom is us
outdoors in endemic regions are at risk for tick-borne disease.Exposure to ticks: Individuals with frequent exposure to dogs and
ve a rash similar to erythema migrans (even if you do not remember getting bitten by a tick). After removal of a tick with the pr

the severity and treatment of Lyme disease may be complicated due to: Late diagnosis Failure of antibiotic treatment Coinfecti
eased alertness, decreased ability to concentrate Fatigue Restlessness Sleepiness, stupor, lethargyChest pain (feeling of crushin
ure, including both children and adults. It is more common in younger adults, especially African-American men.It also occurs in
er (such as 911) if you have symptoms of malignant hypertension. This is an emergency condition and it can be life-threatening.
blood pressure. Many organs, including the brain, eyes, blood vessels, heart, and kidneys may be damaged.The blood vessels o

y and get worse over time (chronic). Most cases occur in patients who have had open chest surgery. Less than 5 percent of pati
tRecent chest surgery or endoscopyWeak immune system
urgery and develop:Chest pain Chills Drainage from the wound Fever Shortness of breathIf you have tuberculosis, histoplasmos
itis.Mediastinitis after open chest surgery is very serious. There is a significant risk of dying from the condition.

he United States. Researchers are not sure whether the syndrome is due to one single cause, but all of the risks for the syndrom

this condition.
risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
elated to coronary artery disease or heart attack, cough, rapid breathing, shortness of breath that increases when lying flat (ort
the way. It is caused by diseases that weaken or damage the valve or its supporting structures. Mitral regurgitation becomes ch
the chest area, have congenital heart abnormalities, or have had endocarditis or rheumatic fever are at risk for mitral regurgit
alve regurgitation, or if symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment.Call your health care provider if you are being trea
the valve leakage. Milder forms may become a chronic condition.Acute mitral regurgitation can rarely be controlled with medic
y appear or get worse with exercise or any activity that raises the heart rate. Symptoms may include: Chest discomfort: Patient
osis is related to several factors:A history of rheumatic fever and recurrent strep infections. The valve problems develop 5 - 10
tenosis. Call your health care provider if your symptoms do not improve with treatment, or if new symptoms appear. If you exp
symptoms, or may be more severe and eventually disabling, this depends on:The severity of mitral stenosis, such as mitral valv
ms.The group of symptoms found in patients with mitral valve prolapse is called mitral valve prolapse syndrome and includes:Se
n one direction. It closes to keep blood from moving backwards when the heart beats (contracts).Mitral valve prolapse is the te
ill make you unconscious and unable to feel pain.There are several different ways to perform minimally invasive mitral valve su
rly because:You have mitral regurgitation -- a mitral valve that does not close all the way and allows blood to leak back into the
ally invasive
to the lungs. Blood loss. Breathing problems. Infection, including in the lungs, kidneys, bladder, chest, or heart valves. Reaction
t What drugs you are taking, even drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescription.You may be able to store blo
wake up in the intensive care unit (ICU) and recover there for 1 or 2 days. Nurses will closely watch monitors that show inform
will make you asleep and pain-free during the entire procedure.Your surgeon will make a 10-inch-long cut in the middle of your
rly.A mitral valve that does not close all the way will allow blood to leak back into the left atria. This is called mitral regurgitatio

to the lungs. Blood loss. Breathing problems. Infection, including in the lungs, kidneys, bladder, chest, or heart valves. Reaction
t. What drugs you are taking, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescription.You may be able to store blood in the b
ill wake up in the intensive care unit (ICU) and recover there for 1 or 2 days. Two to three tubes will be in your chest to drain flu
u. If symptoms occur, they may include:A racing heartbeat Chest pain that may resemble a heart attack Fatigue Fever and othe
viral, bacterial, or fungal infections that reach the heart.Viral infections: Coxsackie B, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis C, Herpes, HIV
ditis, especially after a recent infection. Seek immediate medical help if you have severe symptoms or have been diagnosed wit
ur overall health. The outlook varies. Some people may recover completely. Others may have permanent heart failure.
nce: Abnormally shaped or low-set ears Downward slanting eyes Wide-set eyes Extra fold of skin on the inner part of the eye (e
ral abnormal genes from one or both parents.
members with Noonan syndrome or abnormal/mutated genes associated with Noonan syndrome.
 onan syndrome.
y good. However, it will vary from individual to individual depending on the extent of the abnormalities and types of symptoms
use the body stores unused calories as fat. Obesity can be caused by:Eating more food than your body can use Drinking too mu
adequate fluid intake. Total urinary tract obstruction, such as from an enlarged prostate. Severe infection or any other medical
re at risk of oliguria.
consistent decrease in urine output. Vomiting, diarrhea, or high fever and are unable to replace fluids by mouth. A decrease in

Heart failure Obesity (does not directly cause difficulty breathing while lying down but often aggravates other conditions that le
own, call for an appointment with your health care provider.
octor when you could do that. This is different for everyone.
ications you were on before the procedure. Be sure your doctor knows about everything you are taking.
ed for pain in the area where the catheter was placed. Please be sure you are not taking more than one product containing ace
aker. But some with strong magnetic fields may. Always ask your doctor or nurse about any specific device that you need to avo
rted to lift, push or pull anything weighing more than five pounds, at least for the first 6 weeks. You may do the daily activities l
when you can go back to work.
ed drainage, swelling, painful). You are having the symptoms you had before the pacemaker was implanted. You feel dizzy or sh
who exercise routinely or take medications that slow the heart, the rate may drop below 55 beats per minute.If your heart rate
ar Caffeine Certain medications, including those used to treat thyroid disease, asthma, high blood pressure, or heart problems C
ou loses consciousness. You have shortness of breath, chest pain, unusual sweating, dizziness, or lightheadedness.Call your doc
as:Bounding pulse Fast breathing Poor feeding habits Shortness of breath Sweating while feeding Fatigue Poor growthOther h
arteriosus is not clear. Clinical studies suggest that the genetic and environmental factors both play an important role during th
teriosus and symptoms do not improve with treatment, or if new symptoms appear. If your baby experiences either of the foll
on:The size of patent ductus arteriosus Whether the patient has been treated with closure medicines. Whether surgery has be
usually do not have symptoms.
The foramen ovale allows blood to bypass the lungs so it does not cause issues in the fetus. The opening is supposed to close so

velopment of weakness of any part of body (stroke), seek urgent care.

ations:Being overweight Blood clot in the leg Increased age Leg infection Veins in the legs that cannot properly pump blood bac
ally if it feels like pressure or tightness. Call your doctor right away if: You have heart disease or kidney disease and the swelling
ow to the heart when the coronary (heart) arteries have become narrowed or blocked because of coronary heart disease (CHD)
ns, you will be given some pain medicine. You may also be given blood thinning medicines to prevent a blood clot from formin
aque. Plaque is made up of fat and cholesterol that builds up on the inside of the artery walls. This condition is called atheroscl

edure. Serious complications don't occur often. However, they can happen no matter how careful your doctor is or how well he
sts are doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating heart diseases and conditions.If your percutaneous coronary interventi
a special care unit. You'll stay there for a few hours or overnight. You must lie still for a few hours to allow the blood vessel in yo
amed pericardium rubbing against the heart. The pain:May be felt in the neck, shoulder, back, or abdomen. Often increases wi
often the result of an infection such as:Viral infections that cause a chest cold or pneumonia, such as the echovirus or coxsackie
ws respiratory infections.
eek medical care when suffering from symptoms of pericarditis. Severe chest pain, fainting, palpitations and high grade fever m
own to life-threatening cases. The condition can be complicated by fluid buildup around the heart and poor heart function.The

ake. Plavix (clopidogrel) may be used in addition to Aspirin to decrease the risk of a blood clot forming in the artery.You will be
ed for pain in the area where the catheter was placed. Please be sure you are not taking more than one product containing ace
cedure. Avoid lifting, pushing, or pulling anything heavier than 10 pounds in the first week after the procedure. Also avoid any e
usually takes about a week. You may shower on the day after the procedure after removing the Band-Aid over your puncture si
when you can go back to work.
e. There is bleeding at the catheter insertion site that does not stop when pressure is applied. Your leg below where the cathete
scomfort in the muscles of your feet, calves, or thighs. These symptoms usually appear during walking or exercise and go away
 ening of the arteries." This problem occurs when fatty material (plaque) builds up on the walls of your arteries. This causes the
lesterol Diabetes Heart disease (coronary artery disease) High blood pressure (hypertension) Kidney disease involving hemodia
omes cool to the touch, pale, blue, or numb Chest pain or shortness of breath with leg pain Leg pain that does not go away, eve
thout surgery. Surgery provides good symptom relief in severe cases.For complications, the affected leg or foot may need to be
ena cava flows to. If it finally flows to right atria, patients may have no sign or aymptom. But if the left superior vena cava flows
me patients with persistent left superior vena cava have other congenital heart disease.
rsistent left superior vena cava. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Shortn
r closely examine persistent left superior vena cava. It uses sound waves to produce an image of the ventricles, atrium and grea
on where the left superior vena cava flows to. The prognosis of a persistent left superior vena cava that flows to left atria is wo
Lethargy Poor feeding Rapid breathing (tachypnea) Shortness of breath (dyspnea) Widening of the finger tips (clubbing)
ght ventricle and the aorta comes out of the left ventricle, which are separate from each other. Coronary arteries (which supply
hargic Appears overly tired or mildly short of breath Does not eat well Does not seem to be growing or developing normallyIf t
ure may be needed as the patient grows. Untreated cases result in death, often during the first year of life.
ep breaths. Cough Fever Hiccups Rapid breathing Shortness of breathSometimes there are no symptoms.
the surfaces of the pleura, the thin tissue that lines the chest cavity and surrounds the lungs. A pleural effusion is an abnormal,
effusion. Call your provider or go to the emergency room if shortness of breath or difficulty breathing occurs immediately after

clude:Increase in heart rate from supine to upright position of more than 30bpm or to a heart rate of 120 bpm within 10 minut
s unknown. However, most people develop POTS in their teenage years and see a gradual improvement in their mid-twenties.

encing symptoms of POTS

a few years symptoms will begin to lessen although many people can experience cyclic relapses of symptoms over a period of
el sick.Symptoms of preeclampsia can include:Swelling of the hands and face/eyes (edema) Weight gain More than 2 pounds p
nclude:Autoimmune disorders Blood vessel problems Diet GenesPreeclampsia occurs in a small percentage of pregnancies.
or more) Obesity Older than age 35 Past history of diabetes, high blood pressure, or kidney disease
mpsia during your pregnancy.
effects of preeclampsia go away completely within 6 weeks after delivery. However, sometimes the high blood pressure will g
se organs can include the tongue, intestines, skeletal and smooth muscles, nerves, skin, ligaments, heart, liver, spleen, and kidn
related to abnormal and excess production of antibodies by a type of immune cell called plasma cells.Primary amyloidosis can
re. It is similar to multiple myeloma, and is treated the same way.
amyloidosis. You know you have primary amyloidosis and you have difficulty breathing, persistent swelling of the ankles or oth
ted. When the heart and kidney are involved, it may lead to organ failure and death. Body-wide (systemic) involvement can lea
s may include:Cyanosis Shortness of breath Fast breathing Poor eating habits FatigueOther health problems may also cause the
e of pulmonary atresia. The condition is associated with another type of congenital heart defect called a patent ductus arterios
resia is not clear. Pulmonary atresia sometimes is associated with other congenital heare diseases such as patent ductus arteri
lmonary atresia. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Shortness of breath C
pends on how well a baby does depends on:Quality of the blood vessels supplying the heart How well the heart is beating Amo
f "air hunger" or " drowning " (if this occurs suddenly, awakening you from sleep and causing you to sit up and catch your brea
rt fails, pressure in the veins going through the lungs starts to rise. As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is push

time, which may lead to damage to lung tissue.Kidney failure and damage to other major organs may occur if blood and oxyge
common symptoms are:Chest Pain Under the breastbone or towards one side May feel sharp or stabbing May also be describ
a vein in the leg or in the pelvis (hip area), which breaks off and travels to block an artery in the lung. The most common cause
ary embolism. These conditions are:Thrombophilias are a group of conditions in which blood has an increased tendency to clot
e should seek medical care when suffering from symptoms of Pulmonary embolism such as severe sharp chest pain, shortness
ulmonary embolism. It will depend on the cause of the initial problem, such as cancer, major surgery, or an injury.Death is pos
the first symptom.Fast heart rate (palpitations) may be present. Over time, symptoms occur with lighter activity or even while
ere it can receive oxygen. When the small arteries (blood vessels) of the lung become narrowed, they cannot carry as much blo
s of breath when you are active Shortness of breath worsens You develop chest pain You develop other symptoms
produce better results. Some people with this condition may develop progressive heart failure that may lead to death.Avoiding
 some patients Chest pain Fainting Fatigue Poor weight gain or failure to thrive in infants with severe blockage Shortness of bre
ongenital). It is caused by a problem that occurs when the unborn baby (fetus) is developing. The cause is unknown, but genetic
tory of pulmonary valve stenosis are at highest risk.
ongenital). It is caused by a problem that occurs when the unborn baby (fetus) is developing. The cause is unknown, but genetic
hird stay the same, and one-third get worse. The outcome is good with successful surgery or balloon dilation. Other congenital
nic regurgitation is the result of other factors in the body, any noticeable symptoms are ultimately caused by an underlying me
ve pulmonic regurgitation. Other possible causes include tetralogy of Fallot, infective endocarditis, and congenital absence of th
ess, fast heart beats, swelling in legs and other parts of body are there
n the cause, the following might be found:Tracheal deviation in or the unilateral absence of breath sounds in tension pneumoth
40% to 50% of cases, and hypovolemia. The common causes of PEA can be remembered using the mnemonic "The Hs and Ts".
Pulmonary disease Syncope
ess any reversible causes exists. Also the more abnormal the Ecg findings on intial admission the more worse the prognosis.The
l Bruising Confusion Dehydration Diarrhea Fainting Fatigue Fever Hair loss Inflammation of exposed areas (redness, tenderness
on such as a nuclear power plant accidents Exposure to excessive radiation for medical treatments
ankles, and wrists, appear joint swelling, joint pain. Pain in one joint that migrates to another joint. Skin nodules, skin rash (ery
many cases of damaged heart valves. It is not common in the United States, and usually occurs in isolated outbreaks. The latest
matic fever. Because several other conditions have similar symptoms, you will need careful medical evaluation.If you have sym
ially whether heart valves are damaged. Whether the patient receives monthly antibiotics injection, especially during the first 3
disease. The diagnosis may have been made when your healthcare provider heard a heart murmur and then performed additi
um deposits on the pulmonic valve. These deposits occur naturally with age and have no relationship with the amount of calciu
he calcifications that cause most cases of pulmonic stenosis are more likely to occur in patients above the age of 50, who are ov
ms of pulmonic stenosis. For example, call if you or your child have increasing shortness of breath, chest pain or fainting. Also c
atchful waiting approach with their health care provider. They may be treated medically for some conditions associated with p
h the lower chambers of the heart. The heart may miss a beat or beats and may be slow and irregular. You may feel dizzy, faint
block can be a side effect of digitalis, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and other medicines. A heart attack that damage
nclude the following: Intrinsic atrioventricular node disease Myocarditis Acute myocardial infarction Prior cardiac surgery Older
t Skipped heart beat Chest painCall your provider if you have signs of heart failure:Weakness Swollen legs, ankles, or feet Feel
keep up with most of your usual activities.
e the kidney is the most commonly affected organ, it will manifest with signs and symptoms related to kidney involvement.Sym
ause secondary amyloidosis as well. The most important causes of chronic inflammation include:Chronic infections such as: Tub
t inflammation within the body are at the highest risk of developing secondary amyloidosis.
dysfunction, including periorbital edema, swelling of the ankles or others area, abdominal mass and etc. You know you have se
to kidney failure and other complications including death.
of consciousness Sudden and ongoing rapid heartbeat Sweating Pale skin A weak pulse Rapid breathing Decreased or no urine
when you lose a lot of blood or fluids. Causes include internal or external bleeding, dehydration, burns, and severe vomiting and
nt to get help right away.
s during the night. Usually, other family members notice the apnea episodes and alert the afflicted person.A person with OSA w
he throat, which then impede airflow. Normally, the muscles of the upper part of the throat help keep the airway open and allo
n. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 40 percent of adult men and 24 percent of adult women are conside
sleep apnea should be totally corrected.
brain damage. Small strokes may not cause any symptoms. According to The U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders an
s of stroke: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries to your brain are narrowed or bl
d rheumatic heart disease Diabetes High cholesterol Smoking Increasing age
stroke should be taken to a medical facility immediately for evaluation and treatment.
of the brain damage: If a large area of hemorrhagic stroke is near brain axis, the patient has a high life-threatening risk. The tim
k to the heart. They may begin suddenly or gradually, and may worsen when you bend over or lie down.Early signs include:Swe
on.Most often it is caused by a cancer or a tumor in the mediastinum (the area of the chest under the breastbone and between
obstruction. Complications are serious and can sometimes be fatal.
f blockage. SVCS caused by a tumor is a sign that the tumor has spread, and it indicates a poorer long-term outlook.
w minutes or several hours. They can include:Anxiety Chest tightness Palpitations (a sensation of feeling the heart beat), often
 ract in a coordinated manner.The contractions are caused by an electrical signal that begins in an area of the heart called the si
eeling the heart beat quickly and symptoms do not end on their own in a few minutes. You have a history of PSVT and an episo
re present, it can lead to congestive heart failure or angina.
mporary loss of consciousness Blacking out Light-headedness Dizziness Grogginess, feeling unsteady or weak when standing, e
sinus syndrome, long Q-T syndrome Abnormal cardiovascular structure, such as aortic stenosis, aortic dissection, hypertrophic
patients may recover after several minutes to hours. Once recovered, the patient should be sent to the hospital to confirm the
caused by cardiovascular diseases may be life-threatening. Prognosis of vasovagal syncope is relatively better. Whether the pati
obstruction of blood flow out of the right ventricle and into the lungs. Signs and symptoms may include:A bluish coloration of t
se the condition causes low oxygen levels in the blood. This leads to cyanosis (a bluish-purple color to the skin). The classic form
l factors may increase the risk of a baby being born with this condition. These include:A viral illness in the mother, such as rube
ontact your doctor if you are unsure.
rnails) Cyanosis, which becomes more pronounced when the baby is upset Difficult feeding (poor feeding habits) Failure to gain
se the condition causes low oxygen levels in the blood. This leads to cyanosis (a bluish-purple color to the skin).The classic form
with Tetralogy of Fallot, such as Down syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome (a condition that causes heart defects, low calcium le
velop or the patient is having an episode of cyanosis (blue skin).If a child with tetralogy of Fallot becomes blue, immediately pl
gery usually do well. Ninety percent survive to adulthood and live active, healthy, and productive lives. Without surgery, death
s. However, if the hole is large, the baby often has symptoms related to heart failure.The most common symptoms include:Clu
actors seem to be involved.Factors that increase the risk for this condition during pregnancy include:Alcoholism in the mother
hythmias) Seizures during periods when there is not enough oxygen. Death
tion of an infant. Call your infant's health care provider if the baby seems to be having difficulty breathing, or if the baby seems
nt that a given procedure or treatment is beneficial, useful, and effective.v t e Cardiovascular disease (heart) Ischaemic Corona
gree heart block rarely causes symptoms.Symptoms of second- and third-degree heart block include:Chest pain Dizziness Fainti
isorder (congenital), while others develop it during their lifetimes (acquired).One form of congenital heart block occurs in babie
ents with certain disorders such as Lyme disease are at increased risk of developing complete heart block (CHB).
isk factors of heart disease calls for urgent medical care.
y poor without therapy. Patients with 1st and 2nd degree heart block are usually asymptomatic.
bradycardia (an abnormally low measured heart rate), hypotension (decreased blood pressure), and at times, hemodynamic ins
dition in which the nerve impulse generated in the sinoatrial node (SA node) in the atrium of the heart can not propagate to the
e no symptoms until the aneurysm begins to leak or expand. Chest or back pain may mean sudden widening or leakage of the a
ning of the arteries (atherosclerosis). This condition is more common in people with high cholesterol, long-term high blood pre
e disorders Chest pain or back discomfort
ysm is determined by other medical problems such as heart disease and diabetes, which may have caused or contributed to th
bness, and tingling in the last three fingers and inner forearm Pain and tingling in the neck and shoulders (carrying something h
nerves coming from the spine or major blood vessels of the body pass through a narrow space near the shoulder and armpit on
ly to develop this condition because of extra pressure on their nerves and blood vessels.
atients are selected carefully. Surgery can be successful in 50% to 80% of patients. Conservative approaches using physical ther
nt in infancy or early childhood. Sometimes signs may display critically like the following:Cyanosis Lethargy Frequent respirator
not clear. Some patients have other congenital heart disease.
has symptoms of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
hether the surgery has been done with the patient. Without surgery, death may occur by age one in babies with more severe d
inutes to 1 - 2 hours), then disappear completely. They may occur again at a later time. Symptoms usually occur on the same si
bance of blood supply to an area of the brain. This results in a sudden, brief decrease in brain function. (A decrease in brain fun
ne headaches Smoking Diabetes Increasing age.
ncy number immediately. Do not ignore symptoms just because they go away. They may be a warning of a future stroke.
re a warning sign that you may have a true stroke some day. Over 10% of people who have a TIA will have a stroke within 3 mo
g Shortness of breath
osition of the great vessels is a cyanotic heart defect. This means there is decreased oxygen in the blood that is pumped from th
on include:Age over 40 Alcoholism Diabetes Poor nutrition during pregnancy (prenatal nutrition) Rubella or other viral illness du
tion. This condition can also be diagnosed before birth using a fetal echocardiogram. If not, it is usually diagnosed soon after a
defect. Most infants who undergo arterial switch do not have symptoms after surgery and live normal lives. If corrective surger
 s. However, if the hole is large, the baby often has symptoms related to heart failure.The most common symptoms include:Cya
ase that affects about 5 in every 100,000 live births. 20% of patients with this condition will also have have other heart problem
tricuspid atresia run a higher risk of passing it onto their children. Other potential factors include access to prenatal care and th
decreased feeding), or has skin or mucous membranes that are turning blue (cyanotic), contact your health care provider imme
Unexpected death may occur with heart arrhythmias.
Irregular heart beats (atrial fibrillation) Strong pulse in your neck Swelling of the liver Abdominal pain Swelling in your legs
e right ventricle) from the right upper heart chamber (right atrium).The most common cause of tricuspid prolapse is swelling o
to listen to your heart and lungs. The doctor may hear a heart murmur ("midsystolic murmur"). The physical exam may reveal
ent does not have pulmonary hypertension. If pulmonary hypertension and moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation exist to
e right ventricle) from the right upper heart chamber (right atrium). The most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation is swell
ation are present.
pressure in the lungs and swelling of the right lower heart chamber, may correct the disorder. Surgical valve repair or replacem
body Abdominal discomfort due to swelling. Patients may complain about prominent pulsations in the neck.
nied by mitral stenosis. Other causes include carcinoid syndrome, endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis, lupus erythematosus,

eathlessness, racing of heart etc then a medical professional should be contacted.

he shoulder, arm, jaw, neck, back, or other area Pain that feels like tightness, squeezing, crushing, burning, choking, or aching P
st common cause of unstable angina. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty material called plaque along the walls of the arterie
y history of coronary heart disease before age 50 High blood pressure High LDL cholesterol Low HDL cholesterol Male gender N
n or pressure. If you have had angina before, call your doctor.Call 911 if your angina pain:Does not go away after 15 minutes Do
he severity of coronary artery disease The severity of the most current unstable angina attack Whether you've ever had a hear
valve disease. Some patients have no symptoms at all. In other cases, valve disease may take its toll over many years. In time, p
tic fever was the single biggest cause of valve disease. Today, the cause of valve disease is most likely linked to one of the follo
wever, other cases may show breathing and digestive problems caused by the pressure on the windpipe and esophagus.High-p
al heart problems. The condition occurs as often in males as females. Some infants with vascular ring also have another congen
emonstrated that it is associated with chromosome deletion.
scular ring. Getting diagnosed and treated quickly can prevent serious complications such as damage to the trachea and even d
ular ring putting on the esophagus and trachea. How quickly the infant is diagnosed and treated when symptoms appear. Whet
me unconscious, because the brain and muscles have stopped receiving blood from the heart.The following symptoms may occu
fibers (fibrils). When it occurs in the lower chambers of the heart, it is called ventricular fibrillation. During ventricular fibrillatio
or injury to the heart Heart attack Heart disease that is present at birth (congenital heart disease) Heart muscle disease, includi
ated immediately to save a person's life.
uickly and effectively. Even then, long-term survival for people who live through a VF attack outside of the hospital is between
s. However, if the hole is large, the baby often has symptoms related to heart failure.The most common symptoms include:Sho
re not separate. As the fetus grows, a wall forms to separate these two ventricles. If the wall does not completely form, a hole
tain babies are born with atrial septal defects. There is evidence to suggest that families with a history of genetic problems and
tion of an infant. Call your infant's health care provider if the baby seems to be having difficulty breathing, or if the baby seems
hat do not spontaneously close, the outcome is good with surgical repair. Complications may result if a large defect is not treate
y fast or lasts longer than a few seconds there may be symptoms such as:Chest discomfort (angina) Fainting (syncope) Light-hea
per minute, with at least three irregular heartbeats in a row.The condition can develop as an early or late complication of a hea
(such as 911) if you have a rapid, irregular pulse, faint, or have chest pain. All of these may be signs of ventricular tachycardia.

walking Double vision or vision loss Headache Hearing loss Nausea and vomiting Neck ache Numbness or tingling Poor coordina
rculation of the brain. Three main blood vessels provide blood flow to the back of the brain:One basilar artery Two vertebral ar
ncy room if you have any symptoms that may suggest a vertebrobasilar insufficiency.
re potentially life-threatening, and require urgent medical care. Age and the person's overall health are taken into consideratio
tin, the active ingredients in Vytorin, or to the inactive ingredients. For a list of inactive ingredients, see the “ Inactive ingredien
cle pain, tenderness, or weakness. This is because on rare occasions, muscle problems can be serious, including muscle breakdo
doses of Vytorin are 10/10, 10/20, 10/40, and 10/80. The usual daily starting dose is Vytorin 10/20.Take Vytorin once a day, in
o check for side effects. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start taking Vytorin and during treatment
mes from two sources. It is produced by your body and it comes from the food you eat. Your total cholesterol is made up of bot
y fast or lasts longer than a few seconds. There may be symptoms such as:Chest discomfort (angina) Fainting (syncope) Light-he
per minute, with at least three irregular heartbeats in a row.The condition can develop as an early or late complication of a hea

Some people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may have just a few episodes of rapid heart rate. Others may have the rap
hat helps the heart beat regularly. The wiring of the heart prevents extra beats from occurring and keeps the next beat from ha
ndrome. Most cases of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome occur in people with no apparent family history of the condition. The
White develop, or if you have this disorder and symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment.
ess rate for the procedure ranges between 85 - 95%. Success rate will vary depending on location of accessory pathway and nu
mptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH), which include difficulty urinating (hesitation, dribbling, w
take by mouth. The doxazosin tablet is usually taken with or without food once a day in the morning or in the evening. The dox
it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose
-loss, exercise) to reduce the amount of cholesterol (a fat-like substance) and other fatty substances in the blood. Pravastatin i
en once a day with or without food. Take pravastatin at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescrip
it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue the regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose t
increased risk of forming a blood clot in the heart, which can travel to the brain, causing a stroke, or to other parts of the body
of stroke and blood clots in people who have a medical condition called atrial fibrillation. With atrial fibrillation, part of the hea
abnormal bleeding. Talk to your doctor before taking rivaroxaban if you currently have unusual bleeding. Are allergic to rivaroxa
had bleeding problems Have liver or kidney problems Have any other medical condition Are pregnant or plan to become pregna
change your dose or stop taking rivaroxaban unless your doctor tells you to. Your doctor will tell you how much rivaroxaban to
20° to 25° C).Keep rivaroxaban and all medicines out of the reach of children.
nt of high blood pressure, it is usually taken once a day with or without food. For the treatment of heart failure, it is usually take
g larger in your blood and blood vessels. It is prescribed for people with certain types of irregular heartbeat, people with prosth
once a day with or without food. Take warfarin at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription
e allergic to warfarin, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in warfarin tablets. Ask your pharmacist or check the M
arly those that contain vitamin K, can affect how warfarin works for you. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a list of foods that c
me day that you were to take the dose. Do not take a double dose the next day to make up for a missed one. Call your doctor i
e symptoms are severe or do not go away:gasabdominal painbloatingchange in the way things tasteloss of hairfeeling cold or ha
and out * of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat, moisture (not in the bathroom), and l
take warfarin. Ask your pharmacist or doctor how to obtain this card or bracelet. List your name, medical problems, medication
any symptoms other than skin changes.Eventually, dark, velvety skin with very visible markings and creases appears in the armp
e disorders. It is often found in people with obesity-related diabetes.Some drugs, particularly hormones such as human growth
can be related to medical problems. Some cases are genetically inherited. The condition is most commonly seen among people
k, velvety skin.

also occur on the trunk, arms, legs, and buttocks.Blackheads Crusting of skin bumps Cysts Papules (small red bumps) Pustules R
pores, become clogged.Each pore is an opening to a follicle, which contains a hair and an oil gland. These oil glands help lubrica
ge, even in an infant. Three out of four teenagers have some acne. Hormonal changes probably cause increased oil in the skin. H
ver-the-counter medicine have not helped after several months Your acne is severe (for example, you have a lot of redness aro
into middle age. The condition often responds well to treatment after 6 - 8 weeks, but it may flare up from time to time.Scarrin
a plug. The bacteria in the plug causes swelling. Then when the plug starts to break down, a pimple grows.There are many typ
ght cause it: The hormone increase in teenage years (this can cause the oil glands to plug up more often)Hormone changes dur
ages get acne. But it is most common in teenagers and young adults. An estimated 80 percent of all people between the ages o
teenage girls and adult women 2 to 7 days before their period starts Pressure from bike helmets, backpacks, or tight collars Po
ver-the-counter medicine have not helped after several months Your acne is severe (for example, you have a lot of redness aro
into middle age. The condition often responds well to treatment after 6 - 8 weeks, but it may flare up from time to time.Scarrin
at is firm and flat on top String of bumps may appear in a line Generally not itchy Rash looks the same on both sides of the bod
ith other infections is well- documented.In Italian children, acrodermatitis is seen frequently with hepatitis B, but this link is rar
 t or complication. However, the associated conditions must be watched carefully.
hands, chest, or other sun-exposed areas.They may be gray, pink, red, or the same color as the skin. Often, they have a white o
ears or decades to develop.
r green eyes, or blond or red hair History of kidney or other solid organ transplant (people who take medicines that suppress th
of persistent roughness or scaliness develop in sun-exposed skin.
op into skin cancer.Removal of the growth is usually effective.
g infection with Actinomyces Fever Minimal or no pain Swelling or a hard, red to reddish-purple lump on the face or upper nec
Actinomyces israelii, which is a common and normally not disease-causing (nonpathogenic) organism found in the nose and th
Actinomyces israelii, which is a common and normally not disease-causing (nonpathogenic) organism found in the nose and th
tinomycosis

g infection with Actinomyces Fever Minimal or no pain Swelling or a hard, red to reddish-purple lump on the face or upper nec
Actinomyces israelii, which is a common and normally not disease-causing (nonpathogenic) organism found in the nose and th
Actinomyces israelii, which is a common and normally not disease-causing (nonpathogenic) organism found in the nose and th
tinomycosis

hite or hypo-pigmented hair White or hypo-pigmented eyelashes White or hypo-pigmented skin Photophobia Decreased visua
melanin synthesis. This mutation is inherited through the family.Types of albinism include:Oculocutaneous albinism; causes wh

kin cancer If you notice a change in your vision or light sensitivity

ver (diffuse). You lose roughly 100 hairs from your head every day. The average scalp contains about 100,000 hairs.
ree-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls w
t affects the entire scalp. The hair loss may be heavier at first, and then gradually slow or stop. There is no known cause for thi
are losing hair rapidly or at an early age (for example, in your teens or twenties) You have any pain or itching with the hair loss
are usually enough to diagnose the cause of your hair loss.Your doctor will ask detailed questions such as:Are you losing hair o
logist. Most hemangiomas are on the face and neck. The usual signs are the following:A red to reddish-purple, raised sore on t
ere is a 1 in 200 chance of having a cavernous angioma if the parent has a solitary cavernous angioma in the US There is a 50%
op. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seek urgent medical care as soon as possible:Secondary infection of a
on their own. About 50% go away by age 5, and 90% are gone by age 9.Internal organ angioma: The prognosis of internal organ
ic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis may include:Cough Coughing up blood or brownish mucus plugs Fever General ill feeling (ma
only found growing on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation. It can also be found on mariju
k for developing a fungal infection like aspergillosis. In rare cases, a person with a normal immune system may become infected
rgillosis or if you have a weakened immune system and develop a fever.
etter over time. It is common for the disease to come back (relapse) and need repeat treatment.If invasive aspergillosis does no
dAtaxic gait (cerebellar ataxia) Jerky gait UnsteadyDecreasing mental development, slows or stops after age 10-12 Delayed wal
wn through families. It is an autosomal recessive trait. This means that both parents must provide a defective gene for the child
of this disorder.
ons with this condition are very sensitive to radiation, they should never be given radiation therapy, and no unnecessary x-rays
tween the toes or side of the foot. Other symptoms can include:Red and itchy skin Burning or stinging pain Blisters that ooze o
in your feet. In addition to the toes, it may also occur on the heels, palms, and between the fingers.Athlete's foot is the most c
the touch, especially if there are red streaks. These are signs of a possible bacterial infection. Other signs include pus, drainage
t a short or long time. They may persist or recur, but they generally respond well to treatment. Long-term medication and prev
skin all over the body or areas of bumpy skin on the back of the arms and front of the thighs Ear discharge or bleeding Raw are
in the skin. The reaction leads to ongoing swelling and redness. People with atopic dermititis may be more sensitive because t
better with home care Symptoms get worse or treatment does not work You have signs of infection (such as fever, redness, or
th treatment, by avoiding irritants, and by keeping the skin well-moisturized. In children, the condition often starts to go away
his may be a new growth, a sore that doesn't heal, or a change in an old growth. Sometimes skin cancer is painful, but usually i
nd another does not, but we do know that skin cancer is not contagious. You cannot "catch" it from another person. However,
know the extent (stage) of the disease. The stage is based on:The size of the growth How deeply it has grown beneath the top
er types of cancer.Follow-up care after treatment for skin cancer is important. Your doctor will monitor your recovery and check
res are classified in the following stages. Stage I (earliest signs) and Stage IV (worst):Stage I: A reddened area on the skin that, w
viduals who are bedridden Individuals bound to a wheelchair Malnourishment Risk increases with age Individuals with a injury
or forms an open sore. Contact the provider immediately if there are any signs of an infection. An infection can spread to the r
erson, depending on the blood vessels affected. Many patients show multiple organ damages. Like other autoimmue diseases, s
ms of the disease are caused by inflammation of the blood vessels. Inflammation is a characteristic reaction of the body to injur
ested that the following factors may be associated with the disease.Genetic predisposition: Researches demonstrate that the pr
develop. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Sever headache Massive hem
ality is low. Prognosis depends on:Gender: Men with Behçet's disease has poorer prognosis than women. Whether the patient
ots are light tan, the color of coffee with milk. Moles are small clusters of colored skin cells. Mongolian spots (also called Mongo
r, neurofibromatosis. Nearly everyone has moles, which usually appear after birth. Mongolian spots are more commonly seen
rt any changes in the birthmark to your health care provider, including:Bleeding Color change Inflammation Itching Open sore (
e likely to become skin cancer (malignant melanoma). This is especially true if the mole covers an area larger than the size of a
at is redThe different types of birthmark have their own appearance and typical location:Cavernous hemangiomas may appear
e made up of blood vessels close to the skin surface, and are called vascular birthmarks. Pigmented birthmarks are areas in wh
rmine the treatment, possible complications, and likely outcome.
s. Many birthmarks go away on their own by the time a child is of school age, but some are permanent.Strawberry hemangiom
e seen if the infection spreads. Symptoms may include:Bone pain Chest pain Cough (may produce brown or bloody mucus) Fati
nd in moist soil, most commonly where there is rotting vegetation. The fungus enters the body through the lungs, infecting the

infections usually recover completely. If the infection is not treated, it can become severe enough to cause death. Skin sores m
the skin. Over time, it will feel like a water-filled balloon or cyst.Pain gets worse as it fills with pus and dead tissue, and improve
ria Staphylococcus aureus, but they may be caused by other bacteria or fungi found on the skin's surface. Damage to the hair fo
nt them.Boils can be very painful if they occur in areas like the ear canal or nose. A health care provider should treat boils of th
Appear on the face or spine Do not heal with home treatment within 1 week Occur along with a fever, red streaks coming out f
ts are still learning about possible symptoms caused by this new virus. People diagnosed with Bourbon virus disease had sympt
ich belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family.
re bitten by a tick or other insect. Therefore, people who do not take steps to protect themselves from tick or insect bites when
rbon virus infection
n virus infection and all resulted in death.
dness and irration.In severe cases, they are multiple blisters, called bullae. The blisters are usually located on the arms, legs, or
disorders, certain other diseases, or use of some medications.
e in young people. Symptoms come and go. In most patients, the condition goes away within 6 years.
isters on your skin An itchy rash that continues despite home treatment
patients may stop taking medicine after several years. However, the disease sometimes returns after treatment is stopped.
f the burn -- the most serious burns can be painless) Peeling skin Red skin Shock (watch for pale and clammy skin, weakness, bl
eam or hot liquids), radiation, friction, heated objects, the sun, electricity, or chemicals.Thermal burns are the most common ty
). The burn is severe (third degree). You aren't sure how serious it is. The burn is caused by chemicals or electricity. The person
Candida albicans is a common type of fungus. It is often present in small amounts in the vagina, mouth, digestive tract, and on t
e discharge to a thick, white, chunky discharge (like cottage cheese) Pain with intercourse Painful urination Redness and swelli
ormal balance between organisms in the vagina by decreasing the number of protective bacteria. Being pregnant, having diabe
east infection You are unsure of whether you have a yeast infection (if you are sure that you have a yeast infection, you can tre

e the size of a pea or as large as a golf ball. The carbuncle may be red and irritated and might hurt when you touch it.It may also
eus. The infection is contagious and may spread to other areas of the body or other people.A carbuncle is made up of several s
may develop carbuncles at the same time. Often, the cause of a carbuncle cannot be determined.You are more likely to get a car
h home treatment within 2 weeks Carbuncles come back often A carbuncle is located on the face or spine You have a fever, red
ll to treatment. However, a carbuncle can return again and again for months or years following the first infection.
affected area Skin redness or inflammation that gets bigger as the infection spreads Skin sore or rash that starts suddenly, and g
on causes of cellulitis. Normal skin has many types of bacteria living on it. When there is a break in the skin, these bacteria can
 the toes History of peripheral vascular disease Injury or trauma with a break in the skin (skin wounds) Insect bites and stings, a
s You are being treated for cellulitis and you develop new symptoms, such as persistent fever, drowsiness, lethargy, blistering o
er treatment may be needed if cellulitis is more severe. This may occur if you have a chronic diseases or your immune system is
or hivesItching usually occurs several hours after the chiggers attach to the skin.A skin rash may appear on the parts of the bod
hes, tall grass and weeds, and woodland edges.
folds. Bites commonly occur in the summer and fall months.
sh itches very badly, or if symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment.

ia are exposed to cold water or sudden drops in temperature. While most reactions occur at temperatures 40° F or lower, man
some people have hypersensitive skin cells. This means that their skin cells are more sensitive than a normal person's skin cell
, regardless of age or gender. However, some people are more likely to have cold urticaria:Children and young adults. This popu
ere reactions after sudden exposure to cold:Feeling light headed Difficulty breathing Throat swellingIf you notice mild skin reacti
isters (vesicles) may appear. These blisters rupture, crust over, and finally heal, often leaving a mild scar.Herpes infection may
uterus (intrauterine herpes - this is very rare) Passing through the birth canal (birth-acquired herpes, the most common metho
ing skin lesions alone, have the baby seen by your health care provider promptly.
espite antiviral medications and early treatment.In infants with skin disease, the vesicles may come back repeatedly even after
nflammation in the exposed area Tenderness of the skin in the exposed area Localized swelling of the skin Warmth of the expos
ect contact with an irritating or allergy-causing substance (irritant or allergen). Reactions may vary in the same person over tim
ou are exposed to, or use repeatedly. Although there may be no initial reaction, regular use (for example, nail polish remover,
matitis and it is severe or there is no improvement after treatment.
hin 2 or 3 weeks, but may return if the substance or material that caused it cannot be identified or avoided. A change of occupa
atitis is due to an allergic reaction or an irritant. The same person may also have different symptoms over time.Allergic reaction
tact with acids, alkaline materials such as soaps and detergents, fabric softeners, solvents, or other chemicals. The reaction usu
dermatitisIt is severeThere is no improvement after treatment
or 3 weeks. However, it may return if the substance or material that caused it cannot be found or avoided. You may need to ch
d, thick skin areas are found on hands, feet, or other areas that may be rubbed or pressed.
corn is thickened skin on the top or side of a toe, usually from shoes that do not fit properly. A callus is thickened skin on your
n the feet or toes. If you have diabetes and notice problems with your feet, contact your health care provider.Otherwise, simp
hould improve without causing long-term problems.
Usuallky it forms where the skin is oily or greasy. Commonly affected areas include the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, creases of the
an over production of skin oil and irritation from a yeast called malessizia.
, weather extremes, oily skin, infrequent shampoos or skin cleaning, use of lotions that contain alcohol, skin disorders (such as
rheic dermatitis symptoms do not respond to self-care or over-the-counter treatments.Also call if patches of seborrheic derma
be controlled with treatment. It often has extended inactive periods followed by flare-ups. A more extreme form of this conditi
ess of the breastbone (sternum) Chest pain Confusion Dry cough Fatigue Fever Headache Nausea Skin rash, including pinpoint r
is ordinarily found in soil. It enters and infects the body through the lungs. Once inhaled, infection with cryptococcosis may go
for developing the disease.
ds to permanent damage.
tococcosis, especially if you have a weakened immune system.
usually small, although some may be up to a half-inch long.Other characteristics include:Located on the neck, armpits, trunk, bo
cur after midlife and are usually harmless and noncancerous (benign). The tag sticks out of the skin and may have a short, narr
weight or who have diabetes.
ou want them removed, or if the appearance of a cutaneous tag changes.
me. They may become irritated or be cosmetically displeasing. There is usually no regrowth or scar formation after cutaneous ta
oms.Symptoms that do occur depend on where the infection is found in the bodyBrain: seizures or symptoms similar to those
h are found in contaminated food. Autoinfection is when a person is already infected with adult T. solium, then swallows eggs
care provider.
f women. They are small brown or reddish-brown mobile nodules, and they feel quite firm. They may be tender to touch. Many

monly in adults, particularly females.

evaluation if a lesion begins to increase in size, becomes painful, or if large numbers of dermatofibromas in grouped or linear cl

lude:Difficulty swallowing Muscle weakness, stiffness, or soreness, appearing suddenly or developing slowly over weeks or mo

found in women in extremes of age-group. Also presence of one connective tissue disorder or any other cancer makes you pro

me children with dermatomyositis may recover, while other adults may die of complications. It depends on:Therapy respond o
that may blister and ooze. The patches tend to have sharply-defined edges. Red patches are often redder around the outside w
may affect people of all ages. It is caused by a fungus, not a worm like the name suggests.Many bacteria and fungi live on your b
nfection, which can result from scratching. These signs include swelling, warm skin, sudden worsening in redness of the patche
ingworm infection is severe or it does not respond well to self-care, it will usually respond quickly to antifungal pills.
anatomic sites include the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract (nose, pharynx, tonsils, larynx, and trachea respira
-to-person transmission occurs through oral or respiratory droplets, close physical contact, and rarely, by fomites. Cutaneous d

ontact your doctor.

n of vaccines. However, the prognosis is poor once the disease sets in.
cold air outside and heated air inside cause low humidity. Forced-air furnaces make skin even drier.The skin loses moisture and
bute to dry skin. Eczema may cause dry skin.
and itching are preventing you from sleeping You have any open cuts or sores from scratching Home care measures do not reli
ttention to all parts of your skin.To better understand the cause of the dry skin, your doctor may ask:When did your dry skin dev
shape, color or feel of a mole. The ABCD rule can help you tell whether the mole is normal or not. Moles that have any of thes
is related to several factors.Sunlight (solar UV radiation): Too much exposure to sunlight(solar UV radiation) is thought to be th

tion and size Whether there was bleeding or ulceration at the primary site The patient’s general health
der that may be filled with pus. The blister is similar to that seen in persons with impetigo, but the infection spreads much deep
ometimes, staphylococcus bacteria causes this skin infection.
cratch or insect bite. It often develops on the legs.
ve symptoms of ecthyma.

decreased sweating because of a lack of sweat glands.Children with the disease may have difficulty controlling fevers. Mild illne

common form of ectodermal dysplasia usually affects men. Other forms of the disease affect men and women equally.
child shows symptoms of this disorder.
you must pay constant attention to temperature regulation and other problems associated with this condition.
welling, flakiness, dryness of the skin, and itchy sensation. Several factors are linked with this disease such as genetic mutation,
kiness of the skin Small bumps Infants and children - lesions are found on the neck, head, cheeks, scalp, front of the arms and le
bout 7 - 9 days. This is called the incubation period.Symptoms may seem like the flu (influenza), and may include:Chills Fever He
d Rickettsiae. Rickettsial bacteria cause a number of serious diseases worldwide, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and t
t of ticks Owning a pet that may bring a tick home Walking or playing in high grasses
tick bite or if you've been in areas where ticks are common. Be sure to tell your doctor about the tick exposure.
mprove within 24 - 48 hours. Recovery takes 3 weeks.
n include:Alopecia (hair loss) Blisters aound the eyes and nose Blisters in or around the mouth and throat, causing feeding prob
epidermolysis bullosa Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Hemidesmosomal epidermolysis bullosa Junctional epidermolysis bullosaA
a family history of the disease, and especially having a parent with it, is a risk factor.
lth care provider. If you have a family history of epidermolysis bullosa and plan to have children, you may want to have genetic
of epidermolysis bullosa improve with age.In the severe forms, scarring after blisters form may cause:Contracture deformities (
jor symptom of epithelioid sarcoma.

arcoma is the presence of family history of epithelioid sarcoma.

complications that arise from epithelioid sarcoma.

wollen, and warm skin underneath a sore with raised borders around normal skin
infection, but can also be caused by group B, C, and G streptococcus infection as well. Rarely, Erysipelas can be caused by Staph
developing Erysipelas:Overweight or obesity History of breast cancer and mastectomy as treatment Aged 55 years and older D
he symptoms indicative of Erysipelas. It is crucial to begin antibiotic treatment as soon as possible to relieve the current sympto
the development of complications from the infectious cause, some of which can be life-threatening. With treatment, prognos
skin lesions: Start quickly and may return May spread May appear as a nodule, papule, or macule and may look like hives Cent
t occurs in response to medications, infections, or illness. Medications include:Barbiturates Penicillins Phenytoin Sulfonamides

(such as 911) if you have symptoms of erythema multiforme. If a large area of the body is involved, it is an emergency situatio
weeks, but they may return. More severe forms may be difficult to treat. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrol
so occur on other areas of the body (buttocks, calves, ankles, thighs, and arms).The lesions begin as flat, firm, hot, red, painful
unknown. Some cases may be associated with the following:Infections. Some of the more common ones are:Streptococcus (m

evelop symptoms of erythema nodosum.

erous. Symptoms typically disappear within about 6 weeks, but may recur.
papules surrounded by red skin. There may be a few or several papules. They usually appear on the face and middle of the body
few hours of life, generally appears after the first day, and may last for several days. Although the condition is harmless, it can b
mal newborn infants. It usually appears in term infants between the ages of 3 days and 2 weeks.
outine examination if you are concerned.
gone by age 4 months.
sh-brown slightly scaly patches with sharp borders Itching Pain if irritated Skin shedding Blisters Foul odor Thickening and yello

to develop Erythrasma:Being overweight or obese Having diabetes Sweat profusely and excessively Living in humid, tropical cl
toms of erythrasma develop; erythrasma will not usually resolve without proper treatment.

skinTingling, itching, increased sensitivity, burning, and pain of the skinOther health problems may also cause these symptoms

aget's disease develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Sk
following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgeryThe stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the can
the rash is located) Rash with small bumps that itch and may bleed Located on the armpit or fold of a joint (at the elbow, knee,
humans and other available animals.
for a long period of time, and the fleas must find another place to go. This is when they begin to bite humans. Bites often occu

tules near a hair follicle in the neck, groin, or genital area. The pimples may crust over.
m clothing, blockage of the follicle, or shaving. In most cases of folliculitis, the damaged follicles are then infected with the bact
ck men. If curly beard hairs are cut too short, they may curve back into the skin and cause inflammation.
mptoms come back frequently, if they last longer than 2 or 3 days, or if the infection spreads.

d by numbness. There may be an early throbbing or aching, but later on the affected part becomes insensate (feels like a "block
cold temperature for a prolonged period of time. Hands, feet, nose, and ears are most likely to be affected.
ed period of time can get frostbite, people who are taking beta-blockers, which decrease the flow of blood to the skin, are parti
frostbite, or if normal feeling and color do not return promptly after home treatment for mild frostbite Frostbite has occurred
ne. If the skin is involved, or the gangrene is close to the skin, the symptoms may include:Discoloration (blue or black if skin is a
s may happen from injury, an infection, or other causes.
Blood vessel disease (such as arteriosclerosis, also called hardening of the arteries, in your arms or legs) Diabetes Suppressed i
are frequent sores in an area An area of your skin turns blue or black There is foul-smelling discharge from any wound on your
how much gangrene there is, and the person's overall condition. If treatment is delayed, the gangrene is extensive, or the pers
ve very mild symptoms that they do not even notice or mistake for insect bites or another skin condition. If signs and symptom
 pe 2 (HSV-2) Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) causes most cases of genital herpes. HSV-
ave any symptoms of genital herpes, or if you develop fever, headache, vomiting, or widespread symptoms during or after an o
of your life. Some people never have another episode, and others have frequent outbreaks. In most outbreaks, there is no obv
d. They may appear as cauliflower-like growths. Sometimes they are so small and flat that they cannot be seen with the naked e
rus (HPV). More than 70 different types of HPV exist.Several types of HPV cause genital warts, which may be found on the pen
creased risks of genital wart.
ble warts on your external genitals, itching, discharge, or abnormal vaginal bleeding. Keep in mind that genital warts may not a
In many cases, HPV goes away on its own. Most men who become infected with HPV never develop any symptoms or problem
wing:Brown to bluish-black color Hair Regular or uneven borders Small satellite areas (maybe) Smooth, irregular, or wart-like sk
lems that occur as a baby grows in the womb. However, in some families bathing trunk nevi may be inherited.A bathing trunk n

ment with your health care provider (or mention it during a well-baby exam) if your child has a large pigmented area anywhere
y develop in up to 15% (1 out of 6) of people with larger or giant nevi, often in childhood. The risk is higher for larger or giant co
oportion relative to the small size of the tumor.Pain can be reproduced by placing in cold water.

while multiple glomus tumors are more commonly seen among males.Glomus tumors that occur as a single lesion are usually m
rs treated with wide excision.However, the prognosis is poor for malignant glomus tumors with widespread metastases.
ver (diffuse). You lose roughly 100 hairs from your head every day. The average scalp contains about 100,000 hairs.
ree-quarters of the hair throughout your scalp to shed (called Telogen effluvium). You will notice hair coming out in handfuls w
t affects the entire scalp. The hair loss may be heavier at first, and then gradually slow or stop. There is no known cause for thi
are losing hair rapidly or at an early age (for example, in your teens or twenties) You have any pain or itching with the hair loss
are usually enough to diagnose the cause of your hair loss.Your doctor will ask detailed questions such as:Are you losing hair o
n hands, feet, and diaper area; may be tender or painful if pressed Sore throat Ulcers in the throat (including tonsils), mouth, a
ed by coxsackievirus A16, a member of the enterovirus family.The disease is not spread from pets, but it can be spread by perso
t often in children under age 10, but can be seen in adolescents and occasionally adults. The outbreaks occur most often in the
n in neck or arms and legs. Emergency symptoms include convulsions.You should also call if:A high fever is not reduced by medi

pain Purple spots on the skin (purpura), usually over the buttocks, lower legs, and elbows Hives or angioedema Painful menstru
mmune system. It is unclear why this occurs.The syndrome is usually seen in children, but it may affect people of any age. It is m
evelop symptoms of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, particularly if they last for more than a few days You have low urine output aft

When first infected with the hepatitis C virus many people may not feel ill. Approximately 70%–80% of people with acute hepati
on. If infected blood enters another person’s blood stream, that person may get the virus. People can get hepatitis C by:Sharing
om infection, and prevent transmission of the virus.Some countries recommend screening for people who may be at increased
he following are true:You are a current or former injection drug user, even if you injected only one time or many years ago You
erm health problems, including liver damage, liver failure, liver cancer, or even death.It is the leading cause of cirrhosis and live
e. Symptoms may include:Abdominal pain Dark urine Fatigue Jaundice Joint pain Loss of appetite Nausea VomitingExams and T
us (HDV), a defective RNA virus. HDV requires the help of a virus like the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its own replication. Hepatiti
for infection with HDV Using intravenous (IV) or injection drugs Being infected while pregnant (the mother can pass the virus t
ave symptoms of hepatitis B.
o 3 weeks.Liver enzyme levels return to normal within 16 weeks.About 10% of those who are infected may develop long-term (
us ranges from three to eight weeks, with a mean of 40 days.The incidence of hepatitis E is highest in adults between the ages o
ng” disease, in that it usually goes away by itself and the patient recovers. In rare cases, acute hepatitis E can result in fulminan
lood in the stool or dark black stools Port-wine stain Seizures or unexplained, small strokes (from bleeding into the brain) Shor
. It can affect males or females of any ethnic or racial group.People with this condition can develop abnormal blood vessels cal
a family history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
eeds or other signs of this disease.
n, depending on the parts of the body where the AVMs are located.
g. The pain and burning may be severe and is usually present before any rash appears. Red patches on the skin, followed by sm
dormant) in certain nerves in the body. Shingles occurs after the virus becomes active again in these nerves years later. The rea
 to develop the condition if:You are older than 60 You had chickenpox before age 1 Your immune system is weakened by medi
f the virus affects the nerves that control movement (the motor nerves), you may have temporary or permanent weakness or p
f the virus affects the nerves that control movement (the motor nerves), you may have temporary or permanent weakness or p
ss of breath Unintentional weight loss
tral and eastern United States (especially Mississippi and Ohio river valleys), eastern Canada, Mexico, Central America, and Sou
h small scars (granulomas). These scars can be difficult to distinguish from tumors in the lung. However, the infection can cause
evelop symptoms of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis. Call your health care provider if your symptoms continue despite treat
t scarring inside the lung often remains. Histoplasmosis is unusual enough that if you develop it, your health care provider shou
red welts (called wheals) with clearly defined edgesThe hives may get bigger, spread, and join together to form larger areas of fl
eleases histamine and other chemicals into your bloodstream. This causes itching, swelling, and other symptoms. Hives are a c
hortness of breath Tightness in your throat Tongue or face swelling WheezingCall your health care provider if the hives are sev
nd disappear on their own. In most cases, the exact cause of hives cannot be identified.
ed you may have no signs or symptoms of HPV infection or, you may have increased risk of developing cancer.There are over 1
on may be infected with HPV. The virus may infect both men and women. Among other reasons, the population should be awa
r develop symptoms or health problems from it. Medical care should be sought whenever some abnormality is noticed by the p
ause health problems. It is thought that the immune system fights off HPV naturally. It is only when certain types of HPV do not

natural. People sweat more in warm temperatures, when they exercise, or in response to situations that make them nervous,
than 40% of patients with this condition seek medical advice. In the majority of primary hyperhidrosis cases, no cause can be fo
and unexplained sweating Sweating with or followed by chest pain or pressure Sweating with weight loss Sweating that most
to seven times a week. After sweating becomes normal, the person may need to use it only once every one to three weeks. If s
itching of the skinThe dry, scaly skin is usually most severe over the legs but may also involve the arms, hands, and middle of t
skin disorders. It may begin in early childhood, before age 4. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. That
y history of the disorder is at risk.
toms continue despite treatment Symptoms get worse Skin lesions spread New symptoms develop
overall health. The condition usually disappears during adulthood, but may return years later.
a characteristic skin rash that looks like pinpoint red spots (petechial rash) Easy bruising Nosebleed or bleeding in the mouth
es against platelets. Platelets help your blood clot by clumping together to plug small holes in damaged blood vessels.The antib
(such as 911) if severe bleeding occurs, or if other new symptoms develop.
od) is good. Rarely, ITP may become a long-term condition in adults and reappear, even after a symptom-free period.
nd -- when broken -- leave a reddish raw-looking base (in infants) Itching blister: Filled with yellow or honey-colored fluid Oozin
staph) bacteria. Methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA) is becoming a common cause. The skin normally has many types of b
kin is an effective barrier that keeps bacteria from entering and growing in the body. When there is a break in the skin, bacteria
ave symptoms of impetigo
te is extremely high, but the condition often comes back in young children.
e areas heal, they turn into rough bumps. Eventually, these bumps go away, but leave behind darkened skin, called hyperpigme
st cases, there is a problem with one of the genes located on the X chromosome.Most babies born with IP develop discolored s
males, it can be deadly.
and are considering having children Your child has symptoms of this disorder
vous system involvement and eye problems.
osis Seizures Streaked, whirled or mottled patchs of skin on the arms, legs, and middle of the body Varying degrees of retardati

pattern of the color of the skin.

that develop. In most cases, the skin pigment eventually returns to normal.
ect and the individual. Most people have localized pain, redness, swelling, or itching. You may also feel burning, numbness, or ti
hing, wheezing, shortness of breath Swelling anywhere on the face or in the mouth Throat tightness or difficulty swallowing Fee
ermatitis Contact dermatitis (poison ivy or poison oak) Contact irritants (such as soaps, chemicals, or wool) Dry skin Hives Insec
ained symptoms Is severe Does not go away Cannot be easily explainedMost itching does not require medical evaluation. Look
hes that may blister and ooze -- The patches often have sharply-defined edges and are often redder around the outside with no
 eads in the groin area.Jock itch can be triggered by friction from clothes and prolonged wetness in the groin area, such as from
n sometimes accompany athlete's foot and ringworm. The fungus that causes jock itch thrives in warm, moist areas.
r 2 weeks, or you have other symptoms.
s severe than other tinea infections, but may last a long time.Jock itch usually stays around the creases in the upper thigh and d
n: The lesions can develop anywhere on the body, but most often on the legs, nose, the feet. Typical lesions begin as flat or slig
n elderly Italian and Jewish men, and rarely, in elderly women. Among this group, the tumors developed slowly. In AIDS patients
rcoma is related to several factors.Infection with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV): Kaposi's sarcoma only develops in people
ound early. If symptoms of Kaposi's sarcoma develop, go to see your doctor as soon as possible:Severe gastrointestinal tract ble
he type of Kaposi sarcoma Whether the cancer has spread Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred The pati
e site of a wound or injury Lumpy (nodular) or ridgedThe lesion may itch while it is forming and growing.
Ear piercing Minor scratches Surgical cuts Traumatic wounds Vaccination sites
Americans, Asians, and Hispanics. Keloids often run in families. Keloidosis is a term used when many or repeated keloids occur
to have them removed or reduced You develop new symptoms
ct the appearance. In some cases, they may become smaller, flatter, and less noticeable over a period of several years. Exposur
h or elsewhere Skin-colored bumps the size of a grain of sand Slight pinkness may be seen around some bumps
time, and often disappears with age.In mild cases, small bumps, similar in appearance to "goose bumps," are found on the back
have atopic dermatitis (eczema). It seems to run in families.
uss the condition during a routine visit) if you suspect that you have keratosis pilaris and the condition does not respond to use

cts the whole body is called a systemic disorder.Symptoms can vary between children and adults, although there can be some
ndition. More recently researchers have begun to suspect that it is actually an autoimmune phenomenon, in which immune ce
ms of this disorder. Go to the emergency room if shortness of breath or chest pain develop.
t half of those with pulmonary histiocytosis see improvement, while others eventually have permanent loss of lung function.In
ucus membranes. Symptoms may include:Skin sores, which may become a skin ulcer that heals very slowly Ulcers and wearing

iasis affects the skin and mucus membranes. Skin sores usually start at the site of the sandfly bite. They can last for months or y
listed above call your health professional
get treated before damage to the immune system occurs. Cutaneous leishmaniasis may lead to disfigurement. Death is usually
es taking 2 to 10 years before signs and symptoms appear. The symptoms tend to affect mainly to the skin, nerves, and mucou
not very contagious (difficult to transmit) and has a long incubation period (time before symptoms appear), which makes it diffi
sease.People who live in countries where the disease is widespread are at higher risk of contracting he disease. These countrie
ould contact your health care provider in case you feel you are developing symptoms of leprosy, in particular if you have had re
y the disease, renders the person noninfectious (you can not get the disease from them), and allows for a normal lifestyle.
mfort) Located on the sides of the tongue or the inside of the cheek Sometimes located on the gums Area of blue-white spots o
ly to be related to an allergic or immune reaction.Lichen planus generally affects middle-aged adults. It is less common in child
al substances (including gold, antibiotics, arsenic, iodides, chloroquine, quinacrine, quinide, phenothiazines, and diuretics) Diso
kin or mouth lesions change in appearance The condition continues or worsens even with treatment Your dentist recommends
eatment. It usually clears up within 18 months.However it may last for weeks to months, and may come and go for years. It usu
h something that rubs, irritates, or scratches the skin, such as clothing. This causes the person to rub or scratch the affected are
rmatitis) Psoriasis Nervousness, anxiety, depression, and other psychologic disorders
es and other itchy skin conditions. It can also be common in children who have chronic repetitive movements.
lop new symptoms, especially signs of skin infection such as pain, redness or drainage from the lesion, or fever
d scratching less. The condition may return or change sites.
ule) Light brown to black On the hands, arms, or forehead Painless
e increased color may be due to aging, exposure to the sun or other forms of ultraviolet light, or other unknown causes.They o

ave liver spots and want them removed You develop any new symptoms, especially changes in the appearance of any liver spo
kin changes that may affect the cosmetic appearance of the skin.
hysical examination. Sometimes they present as lump in the neck (e.g in tumors, sarcoidosis). Lymphadenitis presents as:Red, t
nfections (e.g. bacterial, or viral) Chronic infections (e.g. tuberculous lymphadenitis, cat-scratch disease). Infectious mononucle
 ou have symptoms of lymphadenitis or lymphadenopathy.
recovery. However, it may take weeks, or even months, for swelling to disappear. The amount of time to recovery depends on
ture puberty in girls. Menstrual periods may begin in early childhood, long before the breasts or pubic hair develop (which norm
S1 gene. The abnormal gene is present in a fraction, but not all, of the patient's cells (mosaicism).
ation) to the DNA that occurs in the womb while the baby is developing. This mutation is not passed on to any of the person's c
or has other symptoms of McCune-Albright syndrome. Genetic counseling, and possibly genetic testing, may be recommended

tis (pink eye)Serious Symptoms/ComplicationsDiarrhea Ear infections Pneumonia Encephalitis Seizures DeathApproximately 20
t spreads easily from person to person. The main symptom of measles is an itchy skin rash. The rash often starts on the head an
coughing and sneezing (highly contagious). The disease is highly contagious, and can be transmitted from 4 days prior to the on
f symptoms that resemble Measles or if you have been exposed to someone who has the Measles virus and may be contagious
us. Six to 20 percent of the people who get the disease will get an ear infection, diarrhea, or even pneumonia. One out of 1000
e, color, or feel of a mole. The ABCD rule can help you tell whether the mole is normal or not. Moles that have any of these sign
is related to several factors.Sunlight (solar UV radiation): Too much exposure to sunlight (solar UV radiation) is thought to be t

e of melanoma: Whether the cancer is found in the outer layer of skin only, or has spread to the lymph nodes, distant locations
loration but may be of great cosmetic concern.A uniform brown color is usually seen over the cheeks, forehead, nose, or upper

tones are at greatest risk.Melasma is often associated with the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. It is especially co
of your face.
control pills or HRT, or after delivering a child. It may return with additional pregnancies or use of these medications.
y Fever Headache Irritability Muscle pain Nausea Rash with red or purple spots (petechiae)Later symptoms may include:Changi
ngitidis. The bacteria frequently lives in a person's upper respiratory tract without causing visible signs of illness. The bacteria c
piratory droplets -- for example, you may become infected if you are around someone with the condition when they sneeze or
contact your doctor.
ps, the outcome is less certain. The condition is most life threatening in those who have:Disseminated intravascular coagulopa
n a sun exposed area of the body
olyomavirus Age Skin tone Exposure to sunlight and History of immunosuppression.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) Lymphoproliferative disorders
ulopathies Myoclonus Cauda equina syndrome and Altered mental status
rate that approaches 30% to 40% within 3 years of diagnosis If diagnosed early, merkel cell carcinoma has a good prognosis wi
ty especially people with HIV. Microsporidia can affect many systems such as gastrointestinal tract, eyes, respiratory tract and u
. Microsporidia are unicellular organisms and are obligatory intracellular meaning that it has to live inside the cell of the host to
cer patients are the most at risk individuals to have microsporidiosis.
self-limiting. In immunocompromised individuals, the disease is more dangerous and can be fatal.Template:WH Template:WS
chnique can introduce false negative errors. There are numerous reasons why the cure rate is not 100%. Some of Dr. Mohs data
apule that may become raised up to a pearly, flesh-colored nodule. The papule often has a dimple in the center. These papules
of the poxvirus family. You can get the infection in a number of different ways. This is a common infection in children and occur
comes into direct contact with a lesion. The virus can spread through contact with contaminated objects, such as towels, cloth
have symptoms suggestive of molluscum contagiosum and if lesions persist or spread along with new symptoms.
s to a few years. These lesions ultimately disappear without scarring, unless there is excessive scratching, which may leave mar
and protrusion (proptosis) Dark nasal eschar (scabbing) Fever Headache Redness of skin overlying sinuses Sinus pain or conges
the soil and in decaying vegetation. Most individuals are exposed to these fungi on a daily basis, but people with weakened imm
ude diabetes (usually poorly controlled diabetes), chronic steroid use, metabolic acidosis, organ transplantation, leukemia, lym
s (including diabetes) should seek medical attention if they develop fever, headache, sinus pain, eye swelling, or any of the othe
gressive surgery is done. Death rates range from 25 - 85% depending on the body area involved and your overall health.
roat Swelling of the parotid glands (the largest salivary glands, located between the ear and the jaw) Swelling of the temples or
on-to-person by respiratory droplets (for example, when you sneeze) or by direct contact with items that have been contamin
or the disease. Also, people who have not been vaccinated against mumps are at increased risk for the disease.
nd:Eye redness Persistent drowsiness Persistent vomiting or abdominal pain Severe headache Testicle pain or a testicle lumpGo
 r the illness, the patient has a life-long immunity to the mumps.
permanent deformity. Chronic picking or rubbing of the skin behind the nail can cause a washboard nail. Long-term exposure t
ark streak in the nail Blue nails Clubbed nails Distorted nails Horizontal ridges Pale nails White lines White color under the nailsI
e nerves. This can put pressure on affected nerves and cause pain, severe nerve damage, and loss of function in the area served
eir children has a 50% chance of having the disease.NF1 also appears in families with no previous history of the condition, as a
olored spots on your child's skin or any of the signs listed here. You have a family history of neurofibromatosis and are planning
h neurofibromatosis is almost normal. With the right education and job expectations, people with neurofibromatosis can live a
ent's attention. As the tumor grows, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Redness and flaking of the nip

f the breast develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Deve
ollowing:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgeryThe stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the can
dness and irration.In severe cases, they are multiple blisters, called bullae. The blisters are usually located on the arms, legs, or
disorders, certain other diseases, or use of some medications.
e in young people. Symptoms come and go. In most patients, the condition goes away within 6 years.
isters on your skin An itchy rash that continues despite home treatment
patients may stop taking medicine after several years. However, the disease sometimes returns after treatment is stopped.
isters and sores in the mouth, followed by skin blisters. Skin sores may come and go.The skin sores may be described as:Draini
oduces antibodies against specific proteins in the skin and mucus membranes. These antibodies break the bonds between skin
ed or older people.
ters.Call your health care provider if you have been treated for pemphigus vulgaris and you develop any of the following sympt
vere infection is the most frequent cause of death.With treatment, the disorder tends to be chronic. Side effects of treatment
e burning sensation around the mouth. Itching is not a common symptom.In most cases, bumps (papules) and fluid- or pus-fille
ms containing steroids are applied to the face to treat other conditions.
ever, it sometimes affects men, too.
ps around your mouth.
often requires several months of treatment.It is not unusual for the bumps to return, particularly if skin creams containing ster
by 3 weeks or last as long as 12 weeks.The rash starts with a single large patch called a herald patch. After several days, more sk
st often in the fall and spring.
n a household at a time, it is not thought to spread from one person to another.
ave symptoms of pityriasis rosea.
t usually come back.
small, smooth, flat (pinhead sized) lesions on forehead, cheeks, arms, or legs Rough growths around or under fingernails or toe
th a rough surface. Compared with the surrounding normal skin, warts may appear light, dark, or black (rare). Most adults are f
nfection (red streaking, pus, discharge, or fever) or bleeding. Warts can bleed a little, but if bleeding is significant or not easily s
eir own within 2 years. They can be contagious, but transmission from person to person is uncommon. Warts may be unsightly
hed the skin Red bumps, which may form large, weeping blistersThe reaction can vary from mild to severe. In rare cases, the pe
plants. Smoke from burning these plants can cause the same reaction. The oils usually enter the skin rapidly. It is rarely spread
severe allergic reaction, such as swelling or difficulty breathing, or has had a severe reaction in the past. Someone has been exp
rs and the neck. This pain usually progresses to the hips, and there is fatigue too. It becomes more and more difficult for patien
giant cell arteritis (also called temporal arteritis), which is inflammation of blood vessels (usually in the head).
in people over 50 years old.
ave persistent weakness or stiffness of the shoulder and neck area, especially if you also have symptoms of general illness, such
ears. After this time, treatment can be stopped.
me. It forms a blister, then an open sore, and finally a crater.The most common places for pressure ulcers to form are over bon
d the affected tissue dies. This may happen when you stay in one position for too long without shifting your weight. You might
g bedridden or in a wheelchair Being older Being unable to move certain parts of your body without help, such as after a spine o
or forms an open sore. Contact the provider immediately if there are any signs of an infection. An infection can spread to the r
or scratch the skin to relieve the symptom.
or allergic rhinitis. Skin diseases, such as psoriasis, bullous pemphigoid, or xerosis. Skin irritation: This may be from sunburn, in
 is goes away and then flares up again repeatedly over time.People with psoriasis have irritated patches of skin. The redness is m
sed down through families. Doctors think it probably occurs when the body's immune system mistakes healthy cells for danger
people of any age, but it most commonly begins between ages 15 and 35.
s or if the skin irritation continues despite treatment.Tell your doctor if you have joint pain or fever with your psoriasis attacks.
atment. It may go away for a long time and then return. With appropriate treatment, it usually does not affect your general phy
omegalovirus Congenital rubella syndrome Drugs that affect platelet function Fragile blood vessels (senile purpura) Pressure ch

aracteristics and other symptoms.

skin. Contact dermatitis is caused by things your skin touches, such as:Chemicals in elastic, latex, and rubber products Cosmeti
face is swollen Your child has a purple rash that looks like a bruiseCall your health care provider if:You have joint pain, fever, or
ask questions about your medical conditions, medications, health problems that run in your family, and recent illnesses or exp
es, ears, or nose to become white, then turn blue. When blood flow returns, the area becomes red and then later returns to no
ns. This is called secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Most people with the condition are over age 30.Common causes are:Disea
medication, or cause. This is called primary Raynaud's phenomenon. It most often begins in people younger than age 30.
s phenomenon and the affected body part (arm, hand, leg, foot, or other part) becomes infected or develops a sore Your finger
f the condition.
that may blister and ooze. The patches tend to have sharply-defined edges. Red patches are often redder around the outside w
may affect people of all ages. It is caused by a fungus, not a worm like the name suggests.Many bacteria and fungi live on your b
an catch ringworm if you touch someone who has the infection, or if you come into contact with items contaminated by the fu
nfection, which can result from scratching. These signs include swelling, warm skin, sudden worsening in redness of the patche
ingworm infection is severe or it does not respond well to self-care, it will usually respond quickly to antifungal pills.
e A tendency to flush or blush easily Increased number of spider-like blood vessels (telangiectasia) of the face A red, bulbous no
kin. It may be associated with other skin disorders (acne vulgaris, seborrhea) or eye disorders (blepharitis, keratitis).
to develop this harmless skin condition if:You are fair-skinned You blush easily You are a woman (however, men with the cond
sually be controlled with treatment. It may be persistent and chronic.
A fever usually occurs before the rash appears. It lasts for 3 (sometimes up to 7) days. The fever may be as high as 105° Fahren
ough similar syndromes are possible with other viruses.Roseola occurs throughout the year. The time between becoming infec
nd most common in those ages 6 months to 1 year.
s not go down with acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) and a warm bath Continues to appear very sick Acts irritable o

most common in those ages 6 months to 1 year.It is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), although similar synd
mptoms (incubation period) is 5 to 15 days.The first symptoms include:Eye redness Irritability Runny nose Sore throat High fever
a fever, headache, general discomfort (malaise), and a runny nose before the rash appears. They may not notice the symptom
r by close contact.A person can transmit the disease from 1 week before the rash begins, until 1 - 2 weeks after the rash disapp

re a woman of childbearing age and are unsure of whether you have been vaccinated against rubella You or your child develop
ted during early pregnancy, rubella can cause defects in the developing baby. The unborn baby can develop congenital rubella
rs Sores (abrasions) on the skin from scratching and digging Thin, pencil-mark lines on the skinMites may be more widespread
es. It is spread by direct contact with infected people, and less often by sharing clothing or bedding. Sometimes whole families a
who has scabies.Pets and animals cannot spread human scabies. It is also not very likely for scabies to be spread by:A swimming
A person you have been in close contact with has been diagnosed with scabies
blems. A severe case with a lot of scaling or crusting may be a sign that the person has a disease such as HIV.
begins with a rash that shows up as tiny red bumps. It most often begins on the chest and stomach but can then spread all ove
cause this germ is carried in the mouth and nasal fluids. The disease can be spread through contact with droplets shed when an
flu are common in children.
r her doctor right away. The doctor may give your child drugs that fight germs (antibiotics). Do not let your child return to dayca
oes away after a course of antibiotics.
ffect the whole body.Localized scleroderma usually affects only the skin on the hands and face. It develops slowly, and rarely, if
on have a buildup of a substance called collagen in the skin and other organs. This buildup leads to the symptoms of the disease
 et scleroderma more often than men do. Some people with scleroderma have a history of being around silica dust and polyvin
ave symptoms of scleroderma You have scleroderma and symptoms become worse or new symptoms develop
uickly over the first few years and continue to get worse. However, in most patients, the disease slowly gets worse. People who
h the skin.If the lump becomes infected or inflammed, other symptoms may include:Skin redness Tender or sore skin Warm ski
n trauma can also induce a cyst to form. A sac of cells is created into which a protein called keratin is secreted.These cysts are
n your body. Although cysts are not dangerous, your doctor should examine you for signs of skin cancer.

Usuallky it forms where the skin is oily or greasy. Commonly affected areas include the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, creases of the
an over production of skin oil and irritation from a yeast called malessizia.
, weather extremes, oily skin, infrequent shampoos or skin cleaning, use of lotions that contain alcohol, skin disorders (such as
rheic dermatitis symptoms do not respond to self-care or over-the-counter treatments.Also call if patches of seborrheic derma
be controlled with treatment. It often has extended inactive periods followed by flare-ups. A more extreme form of this conditi
g. The pain and burning may be severe and is usually present before any rash appears.Red patches on the skin, followed by sma
dormant) in certain nerves in the body. Shingles occurs after the virus becomes active again in these nerves years later.The rea
to develop the condition if:You are older than 60 You had chickenpox before age 1 Your immune system is weakened by medi
, particularly if you have a weakened immune system or if your symptoms persist or worsen. Shingles that affects the eye may
f the virus affects the nerves that control movement (the motor nerves), you may have temporary or permanent weakness or p
the site of infection. As time passes, this lump will turn into an ulcer (sore). The lump may develop up to 3 months after an inju
urs when the skin is broken while handling plant materials such as rosebushes, briars, or dirt that contains a lot of mulch.Sporo
hay are at increased risk of getting sporotrichosis. The infection is more common among people with weakened immune system
osis is more difficult to treat and requires several months of therapy. Disseminated sporotrichosis can be life-threatening for pe
ttention needs to be given to the following:Any new growthA mark or bump that is increasing in sizeA sore or ulcer that doesn'
arcinoma is related to several factors.Sunlight(solar UV radiation): Excessive exposure to sunlight is thought to be the largest ris
esions on the skin.
owing:The stage of squamous cell carcinoma: Whether cancer is found in the skin only, or whether is has invaded the layer belo
a dull aching or heaviness in the leg and pain that gets worse when you stand.At first, the skin of the ankles and lower legs ma
the veins have problems sending blood from the legs back to the heart.
s. Blood pools in the veins of the lower leg. Fluid and blood cells leak out of the veins into the skin and other tissues. This may
evelop leg swelling or symptoms of stasis dermatitis. Watch for signs of infection:Drainage that looks like pus Open skin sores (
evelop leg swelling or symptoms of stasis dermatitis. Watch for signs of infection:Drainage that looks like pus Open skin sores (
re throat, and fatigue, which is misdiagnosed and usually treated with antibiotics. Skin eruption occurs 1-3 days after the flu-lik
majority of the cases although it is also seen in certain viral and bacterial infections, and certain malignancies. Most commonly i
munity, HIV infection, active cancers (particularly Blood cancers), genetic Predisposition (HLA-B 1502 and HLA-B 5801 variants i
or rash along with flu-like symptoms following a drug use or otherwise.
t lesions heal rapidly within 1-3 weeks unless secondary bacterial infection of lesions occurs. Recovery can take longer, althoug
skin. They are often associated with the abdominal enlargement of pregnancy. They can be found in children who have becom
Obesity Overuse of cortisone skin creams
pregnancy or rapid weight gain, call your health care provider.
bout your symptoms, including:Is this the first time that you have developed striae? When did you first notice the stretchmarks
ms, they may include:Abdominal pain (upper abdomen) Cough Diarrhea Rash Vomiting Weight loss
oist areas. Rarely, it can be found as far north as Canada. People catch the infection when their skin comes in contact with soil c
ave symptoms of strongyloidiasis.
he parasites should be removed. Sometimes treatment needs to be repeated. Infections that are severe or widespread often h
ures Paralysis or weakness on one side Learning disabilities
passed down (inherited) through families.
a port-wine stain. Seizures, vision problems, paralysis, and changes in alertness or mental state may mean the coverings of the
nt's quality of life depends on how well the symptoms (such as seizures) can be prevented or treated.Patients will need to visit
e full effect to your skin may not appear for 24 hours or longer. Possible symptoms include:Red, tender skin that is warm to tou
her ultraviolet light source exceeds the ability of the body's protective pigment, melanin, to protect the skin. Sunburn in a very
especially sensitive to the burning effects of the sun. People with fair skin are more likely to get sunburn. But even dark and bl
 sunburn or if there are signs of shock, heat exhaustion, dehydration, or other serious reaction. These signs include:Feeling fain
You may be asked questions about your medical history and current symptoms, including:When did the sunburn occur? How oft

natural. People sweat more in warm temperatures, when they exercise, or in response to situations that make them nervous,
than 40% of patients with this condition seek medical advice. In the majority of primary hyperhidrosis cases, no cause can be fo
and unexplained sweating Sweating with or followed by chest pain or pressure Sweating with weight loss Sweating that most
to seven times a week. After sweating becomes normal, the person may need to use it only once every one to three weeks. If s
o person, depending the organs affected. And the symptoms may come and go.The most common symptoms of systemic lupus
which means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. This leads to long-term (chronic) inflammation.The
Clinical data show the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the following factors:Female: SLE affects nine ti
emic lupus erythematosus.
improved in recent years. Prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus depends on:The results of anti-phospholipid antibodies:
ousness Confusion Easy fatigue Fever Headache Heart rate over 100 beats per minute Pallor Purplish spots in the skin produced
rtain enzyme (a type of protein) that is involved in blood clotting. These changes cause clotting to occur in an abnormal way.As

ease. Most patients now recover completely. However, some people die from this disease, especially if it is not found immediat
ches that may blister and ooze. The patches often have sharply-defined edges. They are often redder around the outside with n
n, but it may affect people of all ages. Although its name suggests otherwise, it is caused by a fungus, not a worm. Many bacter
multiplies anywhere on your skin, scalp, or nails. Ringworm is contagious. It can be passed from one person to the next by direct
nfection, which can result from scratching. These signs include swelling, warmth to the touch, sudden worsening in redness of
in 4 weeks. If your ringworm infection is severe or resistant (meaning that it does not respond well to self-care), it will usually r
as that are infected appear bald with small black dots, due to hair that has broken off.Round, scaly areas of skin that can be red
hair, nails, and outer skin layers. The body normally hosts a variety of fungi. Tinea capitis is caused by by mold-like fungi called
ften affects children and goes away at puberty. However, it can occur at any age.Tinea infections are contagious. You can catch
ave symptoms of tinea capitis. Home care remedies do not effectively treat tinea capitis.
reatment. In many cases it gets better on its own when the person reaches puberty.
of red, raised spots and pimples. The rash slowly becomes ring-shaped, with a red-colored, raised border and a clearer center. T
ever, it may occur in people of all ages. It is caused by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes.Fungi thrive in warm, moist areas.
the condition if you come into direct contact with an area of ringworm on someone's body, or if you touch contaminated item
orm does not improve with self-care.
eks. Severe or resistant cases usually respond quickly to antifungal medicines taken by mouth.
ders (edges) and fine scales. The patches are often dark reddish-tan in color. The most common sites are the back, underarms,
s Pityrosporum ovale, a type of yeast that is normally found on human skin. It only causes problems under certain circumstance
males. It typically occurs in hot climates.
evelop symptoms of tinea versicolor.
last for months after treatment. The condition may come back during the warm months.
in round patches or across the scalp. The effect is an uneven appearance. The person may pluck other hairy areas, such as the e
es are not clearly understood.It may affect as much as 4% of the population. Women are four times more likely to be affected t
years old) may go away without treatment. For most, the hair pulling ends within 12 months.For others, trichotillomania is a lif
uddenly or gradually. These areas have a darker border. The edges are well defined but irregular. Vitiligo most often affects the
hat produce brown pigment (melanocytes). This destruction is thought to be due to an autoimmune problem, but the cause is u
e condition in some families. The condition affects about 1 out of every 100 people in the United States.
of your skin lose their coloring for no reason (for example, there was no injury to the skin).
may regain normal pigment (coloring), but other new areas of pigment loss may appear. Skin that is repigmented may be slightly
The different types of warts include:Common warts usually appear on the hands, but can appear anywhere. Flat warts are gene
th a rough surface. Compared with the surrounding normal skin, warts may appear light, dark, or black (rare). Most adults are f
more likely to get warts after exposure to HPV. At-risk groups include:Children Young adults Elderly people People with compro
nfection (red streaking, pus, discharge, or fever) or bleeding. Warts can bleed a little, but if bleeding is significant or not easily s
eir own within 2 years. They can be contagious, but transmission from person to person is uncommon. Warts may be unsightly
he plague bacteria. The plague can take different clinical forms, but the most common are bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic
as rats, carry the disease. It is spread by their fleas.The plague bacteria can be transmitted to humans by the following ways:Fle
n wild rodent populations. The risks are generally highest in rural and semi-rural areas, including homes that provide food and
ho develops plague symptoms after exposure to fleas or rodents, especially if he/she lives in or has visited an area where plagu

die. Almost all people with pneumonic plague die if not treated. Treatment reduces the mortality rates to 8-10%.
how symptoms many times. Symptoms usually occur within hours or a few days after you are infected with Zika virus. It usually
a virus is usually found in developing countries and is usually implicated outbreaks after people travel to endemic areas. Zika vi
drome (GBS) and Zika virus infection. It is difficult to determine if any particular pathogen or germ “causes” Guillain-Barré synd
rrently no evidence showing that any future pregnancies are at risk. However, the CDC has provided the following guideline for
after birth due to loss of salt.Dehydration and weight loss Vomiting Cardiac arrhythmias Electrolyte imbalanceGirls will usually

this disease.
seem to suggest 21-hydroxylase deficiency. For the women who may carry the mutate gene, you need to talk with your doctor,
hen adrenal crisis happens and is untreated, the patient may die within 1-6 weeks after birth.
show female external genitalia. Some may appear male external genitalia. Others show with ambiguous genitalia. Puberty: Pati
use 5-alpha reductase deficiency. As a result of SRD5A2 mutations, the body cannot effectively convert testosterone to dihydro
s with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, the testosterone level is normal or modestly elevated, whereas the DHT level is much low
s symptoms of 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, such as a kid shows ambiguous genitalia, or a girl often appears virilisation, or a bo
and psychosexual dysfunction are usual complicatrions of patients with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
Blood in urine Feeling of "impending doom" Fever Yellow skin (jaundice)
ed on small substances (molecules) on the surface of the blood cells. In people who have different blood types, these molecules
transfusion or transplant and you have the symptoms listed above.
ath. With the right treatment, a full recovery is likely.
orms. Some common symptoms include:Pain at the site of the abscess Chills Fever Decreased function in the affected part of t
the body's immune system tries to fight it. White blood cells move through the walls of the blood vessels into the area of the in

ny type of abscess.
ausing it and the patient profile(age, immunity status, comorbidities)
e after eating or may radiate to the back, neck, and arms Cough Difficulty swallowing liquids and solids Heartburn Unintentiona
g where the esophagus and stomach come together (lower esophageal sphincter) to relax during swallowing.Another part of th
or painful swallowing, or if your symptoms continue despite treatment for achalasia.
r. Sometimes more than one treatment is necessary.
following:Impaired digestion or indigestion, undigested food in stools Nausea Bloating Diarrhea or constipation Increased susce
disorder or from drug administration (iatrogenic). Studies demonstrate that prior gastric bypass surgery, chronic gastric H pylo
hronic proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use Autoimmune conditions, such as diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease. Elderly individu

of achlorhydria: If achlorhydria results from cancer or a surgical procedure, the prognosis is more guarded. The complications
e tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:A mass or lump in your face, neck, or mouth P
carcinoma is related to several factors.Radiation exposure: Radiation treatment for the head and neck cancer increases the risk
ma develop.
g:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has
dually and take some years to be apparent. They are not usually causes by tumor itself, although the signs and symptoms are th
s existance came from malfunctioning of a specific gene on chromosome 22. Naturally, this gene produces some proteins to re
n of this disease, although it is responsible for only 5% of cases. Recent studies demonstrate an elevated risk of acoustic neurom
oms are seen;Hearing loss on one ear Ringing in one ear Balance disturbances
pread) to other Organs. However, some untreated or even relapsed tumor can grow rapidly and invade surrounding structure s
mities” and “enlargement,” reflecting one of its most common symptoms—the abnormal growth of the hands and feet. Swellin
e pituitary gland. The pituitary produces several important hormones that control body functions such as growth and developm
e symptoms associated with Acromegaly
he size of the tumor and the experience of the surgeon. Without treatment the symptoms will get worse, and the risk of cardio
g, burning, pain, or abnormal sensations (location depends on the area injured) Weakness of the shoulder, arm, hand, or wrist
curs when there is damage to the brachial plexus, an area where a nerve bundle from the spinal cord splits into the individual a
s, tingling or weakness in the shoulder, arm, or hand.
ossible if the cause is identified and properly treatment. In some cases, there may be a partial or complete loss of movement o
iscomfort; cough that produces mucus (if it's yellow-green, you are more likely to have a bacterial infection); fatigue; fever (usu
e bronchitis generally follows a viral respiratory infection. Typical viruses include respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenz
and young children; persons with heart or lung disease; smokers.
ough that returns frequently You are coughing up blood You have a high fever or shaking chills You have a low-grade fever for 3
days if you do not have an underlying lung disorder. It may accompany or closely follow a cold or the flu, or may occur on its ow
symptoms of leukemia depend on the number of leukemia cells and where these cells collect in the body.People with chronic
ay develop a fever that may reflect the fact that your blood counts are low and you should seek medical care for antibiotics.

ications. Complications can come from the disease itself and the treatments. Acute leukemia has a much quicker and more dra
eft quadrant or upper middle of the abdomen) Is persistent or chronic May be worse lying flat on the back. May spread (radiate
Gallbladder (biliary) disease GallstonesOther causes include:Certain medications (especially estrogens, corticosteroids, thiazide
e is an important risk factor.
n You develop other symptoms of acute pancreatitis
nto a life-threatening illness.The death rate is high with:Hemorrhagic pancreatitis Liver, heart, or kidney impairment Necrotizin
osis and seek medical help if you are experiencing the following:Eye pain Redness in the eye Vision problems Partial or total vis
ing:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 & 2 Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Epstein-Barr (EPB) infection
immune systems, including those suffering from HIV, Diabetes, Chickenpox, Shingles, and Mono. This is particularly the case fo
e following:Severe eye pain Vision loss to any extent Fluid leak from the affected eye
us complications that can be life-threatening, including brain inflammation and meningitis. Permanent partial or total vision los
contact with the virus, although it could take up to a week. Symptoms mostly affect the nose.The most common cold symptom
e billion colds in the United States each year. You and your children will probably have colds more than any other types of illne
g becomes difficult. Your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 7-10 days.
n to yellow or green within a few days. This is normal, and not a reason for using antibiotics. Most cold symptoms usually go aw

Characteristics of the disease are:Chronic, worsening fatigue Muscle weakness Loss of appetite Weight lossAbout 50 percent o
erent reasons. The problem may be due to a disorder of the adrenal glands themselves (primary adrenal insufficiency) or to ina
the symptoms associated with Addison's disease. This is especially important if you experience any of the symptoms of addison
d to take hormone pills for the rest of your life. If you have Addison's disease, you should carry an emergency ID. It should say
ortness of breath, blood in the sputum, chronic coughing, chest pain, weight loss, and change of voice.

s of air pollution, history of radiation therapy to the chest, radon gas exposure, asbestos exposure, occupational exposure to ch
aging of tumor; Stage IA have the most favorable prognosis. The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor p
and may be unable to detect it. Other biger breast adenomas may cause pain. A lung adenoma can cause fever, chill, shortness
ment may be related to the development of adenoma. For example, studies suggest that person with the family history of colo
f developing liver adenomas.

ust be severe enough to affect his or her work or social life. Some of the symptoms include:Agitation Conduct disturbances De
ancial problems.In adolescents, common stressors include:Family conflict School problems Sexuality issuesOther stressors for p
evelop symptoms of adjustment disorder.
maining symptoms.

d hormone production:Fatty, rounded hump high on the back just below the neck (buffalo hump) Flushed rounded face with p
than 5 and adults in their 30s and 40s.Adrenocortical carcinoma may be linked to a cancer syndrome that is passed down thro
s of adrenocortical carcinoma, Cushing syndrome, or failure to grow.
whether the tumor has spread (metastasized). Tumors that have spread usually lead to death within 1 to 3 years.
scle spasms and spasticity Crossed eyes (strabismus) Decreased understanding of verbal communication (aphasia) Deterioratio
ildren as an X-linked genetic trait. It therefore affects mostly males, although some women who are carriers can have milder fo
amily history of the disorder is at risk. Since the disease is passed down from parents to their children as an X-linked genetic tra
of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy Your child has X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and is getting worse
ressive disease that leads to a long-term coma (vegetative state) about 2 years after neurological symptoms develop. The child
ons are being avoided.People with agoraphobia generally do not feel safe in public places. Their fear is worse when the place is
wn.Agoraphobia sometimes occurs when a person has had a panic attack and begins to fear situations that might lead to anoth
ave symptoms of agoraphobia.
erapy. However, without early and effective help, the disorder may become more difficult to treat.

e marrow diseases such as myelodysplasia or large granular lymphocyte leukemia Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplanta
t do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. These are called opportunistic infections. People with A
you can get the virus. You can get HIV:By having unprotected sex- sex without a condom- with someone who has HIV. The virus
d), drug addicts. Sexual partners of those who engage in high risk behavior like anal sex and share needle for drug use. Children
ld consult a doctor and get tested if they believe they have it. If you are diagnosed with AIDS, you should be in constant contac
ment is provided. In the US, most patients survive many years after diagnosis because of the availability of medicines such as H
ssive weakness Loss of sensation in the arms and legs Cognitive motor impairment or damage to the peripheral nerves is also c
re than 50 percent of adults with AIDS.The virus does not appear to directly invade nerve cells but it jeopardizes their health an

The symptoms include: Nausea Malaise Low-grade fever Abdominal Pain Yellow discoloration of skin Increased abdominal girth
sive drinking over the decades.
100 g alcohol daily. Heavy drinking is considered as drinking ≥15 drinks/week in men and ≥8 drinks/week in women. Binge drin
holic hepatitis You develop symptoms after prolonged or heavy drinking You are concerned that drinking may be damaging you
come will likely be poor if you keep drinking.
o fatty liver and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the final phase of alcoholic liver disease.Symptoms may not be present until the disease is
inking. The longer the alcohol use and the more alcohol that was consumed, the greater the likelihood of developing liver disea
men are more susceptible than men Genetic predisposition Personal susceptibility to alcohol-induced liver disease Toxicity of a
holic liver disease You develop symptoms after prolonged or heavy drinking You are concerned that drinking may be damaging
tcome will likely be poor if you keep drinking.
ck after several hours. However, many persons with this condition may not know they have it until mid-adulthood (around age
makes the body unable to properly break down certain amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine). As a result, a substance calle
or your child's urine becomes dark brown or black when it is exposed to air.
expected to be good. Some possible complications include people with this condition also can get arthritis in adulthood. The b
burning eyes Puffy eyelids, especially in the morning Red eyes Stringy eye discharge Tearing (watery eyes) Widened (dilated) ve
gic, histamine is released and the blood vessels in the conjunctiva become swollen. Reddening of the eyes develops quickly, alo
xperience allergic conjunctivitis and it does not respond to over-the-counter treatment.
continue to be exposed to the allergen.
toms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Symptoms of severe liver disease (cirrhosis) Unintentional weight loss W
inhibitor." It is made in the liver and it works to protect the lungs and liver.AAT deficiency means there is not enough of this pr

disease. However, emphysema and cirrhosis can be life threatening.

sickness include:Difficulty sleeping Dizziness or light-headedness Fatigue Headache Loss of appetite Nausea or vomiting Rapid
air pressure and lower oxygen concentration that occur at high altitudes. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening, an
erson climbs to a high altitude. How severe the symptoms are also depends on this factor, as well as how hard the person push
altitude sickness, even if you felt better when you returned to a lower altitude.Call 911 or your local emergency number, or see
eturn to lower altitude. Severe cases may result in death due to respiratory distress or brain swelling (cerebral edema).In remo
In fact, many people with amblyopia, especially those who are only mildly so, are not even aware they have the condition unti
nters the eye and is changed into nerve signals that travel along the optic nerve to the brain. Amblyopia is the medical term use
of the disorder. Additionally, young children with an astigmatism in both eyes, childhood cataracts, strabismus, and unequal re
uld be treated as early as possible. An ophthalmologist or optometrist should be seen if a vision problem is suspected in a youn
n in one or both eyes resulting from amblyopia. Children who receive treatment before age 5 usually have a near complete reco
articularly in the right upper part of the abdomen; pain is intense, continuous or stabbing Cough Fever and chills Diarrhea (in on
ver abscess:Alcoholism Cancer Immunosuppression, including HIV infection Malnutrition Old age Pregnancy Recent travel to a t
ebic liver abscess, especially if you have recently traveled to an area where the disease is known to occur. You have amoebic liv
an start in younger people.Persons with ALS have a loss of muscle strength and coordination that eventually gets worse and ma
remaining cases, the cause is unknown.In ALS, nerve cells (neurons) waste away or die, and can no longer send messages to m
mber who has a hereditary form of the disease.
rticularly if you have a family history of the disorder You or someone else has been diagnosed with ALS and symptoms get wors
ction and care for themselves. Death often occurs within 3 - 5 years of diagnosis. About 25% of patients survive for more than 5
cer grows larger, people with anal cancer may experience the following symptoms. Hemorrhoids or other health problems may
ns of HPV can cause venereal warts which is associated with anal cancer. HPV is often spread through sexual contact, particular
op. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdominal pain, severe ab
ollowing:The size of the tumor Location of the tumor in the anus Whether the cancer has distant spread Whether the patient ha
g. There may be blood on the outside of the stool or on the toilet tissue (or baby wipes) following a bowel movement.Other sym
occur at any age. Studies suggest 80% of infants will have had an anal fissure by the end of the first year. The rate of anal fissure
de:Infants Elderly adults Women who just gave birth People with crohn's disease People who have trouble with constipation o
l fissure are present, or if the fissure does not heal appropriately with treatment.
However, people who develop fissures are more likely to have them in the future.
feminization. It can be divided into two main categories: complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and incomplete androgen
n to cause androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), which is characterized by complete or partial resistance to the biological effe
ndrogen insensitivity syndrome. This gene controls the making of a protein called androgen receptor. The mutative gene preve
ve signs or symptoms of the syndrome.
rognosis is good after orchidectomy at the proper time. For incomplete androgen insensitivity syndrome patients, it depends o
dness (especially when standing up or with activity) Fatigue or lack of energy Headaches Problems concentrating Shortness of b
of the work is done in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of bones that helps form blood cells.Healt
or any unusual bleeding.

e following:Pale skin Lethargy Decreased activity Difficulty breathing Rapid heart rate Poor weight gain Feeding difficulties

without any complications in infants with anemia of prematurity. If left untreated, anemia of prematurity leads to serious com
ly in the front/sides of the skull Folded cartilage of the ears Cleft palate Congenital heart disease Absence of the bone that cov
hat a mother's diet and vitamin intake may play a role, scientists believe that many other factors are also involved. Most cases o
h a history of other genetic disorders that may influence the potential for anencephaly. Miscarriage is common in expectant mo
oor. If the infant is not stillborn, then he or she will usually die within a few hours or days after birth.Anencephaly is one of the
your back and hip. When the disease develops, other organs may be involved.Chronic pain in your lower back and hips, stiffne
m to play a role.The disease most often begins between ages 20 and 40 but may begin before age 10. It affects more males than
monstrate the following factors may be associated with this disease.Heredity: Almost 90% of patients with ankylosing spondyliti
ylitis develop.
n. Most patients can maintain a good function. Wwhile other patients may lose daily functions. Prognosis depends on:Onset ag
newborns Fullness after eating Nausea and vomiting
pment of the pancreas, before birth. This condition may result in a narrowing of the duodenum due to squeezing by the ring of
r your child have any symptoms of annular pancreas.

t witty and charming Be good at flattery and manipulating other people's emotions Break the law repeatedly Disregard the safe
etic factors and child abuse are believed to contribute to the development of this condition. People with an antisocial or alcoh
u have symptoms of antisocial personality disorder Your child shows behaviors of this disorder
y 20s. They sometimes improve on their own by a person's 40s.
portion) of the brain may result in a fluent aphasia called Wernicke’s aphasia. In most people, the damage occurs in the left tem
ability to comprehend language inability to pronounce, not due to muscle paralysis or weakness inability to speak spontaneou
reas of the brain. Many times, the cause of the brain injury is a stroke. A stroke occurs when blood is unable to reach a part of t
 le who have aphasia are middle-aged or older. Men and women are equally affected. According to the National Aphasia Associa
t you feel before other symptoms develop. The following symptoms may then occur:Painful, red spot or bump that develops in
mune (defense) system. The sores may occur after a mouth injury due to dental work, aggressive tooth cleaning, or biting the t
r in women more often than men. They may occur at any age, but usually first appear between the ages of 10 and 40. Aphthou
mptoms of canker sores persist or worsen, or canker sores recur more often than 2 or 3 times per year. If you have a mouth ulce
creases in a few days. Other symptoms disappear in 10 to 14 days.
ctor can easily identify. The main symptom of appendicitis is abdominal pain.The abdominal pain usually:Occurs suddenly, ofte
cus backs up in the appendiceal lumen, causing bacteria that normally live inside the appendix to multiply. As a result, the appe
ople 10 to 30 years old. Appendicitis leads to more emergency abdominal surgeries than any other cause.
are. People who think they have appendicitis should see a doctor or go to the emergency room right away. Swift diagnosis and
omplications can occur if treatment is delayed or if peritonitis occurs.Recovery time depends on age, condition, complications,
he type of arthritis. Generally, people with arthritis feel pain and stiffness in and around one or more joints. The onset of arthri
y protects a joint, allowing it to move smoothly. Cartilage also absorbs shock when pressure is placed on the joint, such as whe
me of these risk factors are modifiable while others are not. Non-modifiable risk factors:Age: The risk of developing most types
of your joints, talk to your doctor. It is important to keep in mind that there are many forms of arthritis, and a specific diagnos
proper treatment.Most forms of arthritis however are long-term (chronic) conditions.
ms, they may include:Bloody sputum Cough Low-grade fever Passing worms in stool Shortness of breath Skin rash Stomach pain
with roundworm eggs. Ascariasis is the most common intestinal worm infection. It is found in association with poor personal hy
is, particularly if you have traveled to a high-risk area. Also call if symptoms get worse, do not improve with treatment, or if ne
hout treatment, although they may continue to carry the worms in their body. Complications may be caused by adult worms th
ds), repeated miscarriages, and infertility.However, such symptoms could be related to several conditions. They are more likely
in women who have had several dilatation and curettage procedures.A severe pelvic infection unrelated to surgery may also le
resume after a gynecologic or obstetrical procedure.An evaluation for infertility is also warranted if you are unable to achieve a
y, although sometimes more than one procedure will be necessary.Women who are infertile because of Asherman syndrome m
ting Asthenopia Fatigue Headaches Difficulty driving at nightIt is possible to have mild astigmatism and not know about it. This
birth, and often occurs together with nearsightedness or farsightedness. A minor degree of astigmatism is considered normal
n American study published in Archives of Ophthalmology, nearly 3 in 10 children between the ages of 5 and 17 have astigmati
almologist if vision problems worsen, or do not improve with glasses or contact lenses.
d, provided that treatment is available. Vision is usually normal with the correct glasses or contact lenses.
oma include:Headache Vomiting Nausea Blurred vision Seizure Change in personality/behavior Memory loss
nown but it is predominantly associated with tuberous sclerosis which is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the TSC1 an
ing subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
blurred vision should develop, or new onset of symptoms, seek urgent care immediately.
rs include:Surgical treatment Age under 18 years
xual intercourse causing a loss in sexual interest Slight vaginal discharge Vaginal soreness, including itching or burning sensatio
levels normally drop after menopause.Estrogen is very important in keeping the tissues of the vagina lubricated and healthy. N
re experiencing vaginal dryness or soreness, burning, itching, or painful sexual intercourse that is not alleviated with a water-so

(inattentiveness) Hyperactivity Impulsive behavior (impulsivity)Some children with ADHD primarily have the inattentive type. O
childhood. It affects about 3 - 5% of school aged children. ADHD is diagnosed much more often in boys than in girls.ADHD may
ADHD. You should also tell your doctor about any:Difficulties at home, school, and in relationships with peers Medication side
opriately, ADHD may lead to:Drug and alcohol abuse Failure in school Problems keeping a job Trouble with the lawAbout half o
ng by the time the child is 18 months old and seek help by the time the child is age 2. Children with autism typically have difficu
hemistry in the brain. The exact causes of these abnormalities remain unknown, but this is a very active area of research. There
rt released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests that autism and related disorders are more co
long before a diagnosis is made.Call your health care provider with any concerns about autism or if you think that your child is
amilies, but the outlook today is much better than it was a generation ago. At that time, most people with autism were placed i
m develops slowly, symptoms that may occur first include:Feeling grumpy Feeling weak or tired more often than usual, or with
ections Transfusion of blood from a donor with a blood type that does not match Certain cancersWhen antibodies form agains
r chest pain, or signs of infection.
 y mild and not need special treatment.In most people, steroids or splenectomy can totally or partially control anemia.
gue Joint pain Nausea Loss of appetite Abdominal pain Skin Rashes Dark yellow urine Light-colored stools Jaundice, or yellowin
genetic predisposition can lead to autoimmune hepatitis.
immune hepatitis. You have autoimmune hepatitis and the symptoms continue despite treatment.
f patients with autoimmune hepatitis treated with immunosuppressive therapy is approximately 80%. Prognosis is poor withou
thyroid issues (hypoparathyroidism), autoimmune adrenal insufficency, type 1 diabetes, reproductive issues (hypogonadism), a
mmune polyendocrine syndrome.Type I has been linked to a genetic defect in the 21st chromosome which influences immune
infections, thyroid issues, reproductive issues, or digestive issues seem unusual for his or her age.
type I is variable, depending on how organs are affected and the severity of the disease.Type II: Prognosis of autoimmune poly
by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses. These influenza viruses occur naturally among birds. Wild birds worldwide carry the viruse
cal human influenza - like symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches) to eye infections, pneumonia, severe re
ype A influenza virus.
aks, see the CDC Outbreaks page.
mended that medical care is sought immediately.
ks in poultry and wild birds in Asia and parts of Europe, the Near East and Africa, more than half of those people reported infec
bout their own shortcomings. They form relationships with other people only if they believe they will not be rejected.Loss and
se problems with work and relationships.About 1% of the population has avoidant personality disorder. Both males and female
r of rejection overwhelms your ability to function in life and relationships.
others, and this can be improved with treatment.
medical condition, not a diagnosis itself. Back pain may occur by itself, or along with other symptoms. Back pain is categorized i
ng:Mechanical problems: A mechanical problem is a problem with the way your spine moves or the way you feel when you mov
ase your risk. They include:Age: The first attack of low back pain typically occurs between the ages of 30 and 40. Back pain beco
because pain usually goes away with or without treatment. However, a trip to the doctor is probably a good idea if you have nu
leave as quickly as it came.Chronic pain, on the other hand, may come on either quickly or slowly, and it lingers a long time. O
an unpleasant odor. Some women report a strong fish-like odor, especially after intercourse. Discharge, if present, is usually w
n imbalance in the bacteria that are normally found in a woman's vagina. The vagina normally contains mostly "good" bacteria,
n women of childbearing age. In the United States, BV is common in pregnant women.Any woman can get BV. However, some a
ave symptoms of uterine prolapse.
are often no symptoms. There may be a painless or painful swelling behind the knee.The cyst may feel like a water-filled balloo
due to an increase in synovial fluid - the fluid that lubricates the knee joint. When pressure builds up, fluid bulges into the back
are at higher risk for a Baker's cyst.
ave swelling behind the knee that becomes large or painful. Pain could be a sign of infection.
annoying and painful. The symptoms of Baker's cysts usually come and go.Long-term disability is rare. Most people improve wi
ms if they inherit the defective gene. Symptoms usually appear in boys at about age 12, but may begin later.Muscle weakness o
ar dystrophy, except that it gets worse at a much slower rate.The disorder is passed down through families (inherited). Having a
dystrophy appear A person with Becker muscular dystrophy develops new symptoms (particularly fever with cough or breathin
, although the degree of disability varies. Some men may need a wheelchair, while others may only need to use walking aids su
s in ear lobes Enlargement of organs and tissues External ear (pinna) abnormalities and low-set ears Large size for a newborn (
it may be genetic. Most cases are associated with a defect in chromosome 11.
orrisome symptoms develop, call your pediatrician immediately.
ancy do well, although no long-term follow-up information is available. Mental development appears to be normal to very sligh
ex, damage to the nerve or a disruption in its function can lead to many problems. Symptoms of Bell's palsy, which vary from p
les is swollen, inflamed, or compressed, resulting in facial weakness or paralysis. Exactly what causes this damage, however, is
It affects men and women equally and can occur at any age, but it is less common before age 15 or after age 60. It disproportio
wever, since some of the symptoms of Bell's palsy resemble the symptoms of stroke, it is important to seek medical care right
good. The extent of nerve damage determines the extent of recovery. Improvement is gradual and recovery times vary. With or
se, which include:Dribbling at the end of urinating Inability to urinate (urinary retention) Incomplete emptying of your bladder
inked to aging and the testicles themselves may play a role in the growth of the gland. Men who have had their testicles remov
th age. BPH is so common that it has been said all men will have an enlarged prostate if they live long enough. A small amount o
ver or chills Back, side, or abdominal pain Blood or pus in your urineAlso call your doctor if:Your bladder does not feel complet
oms. Surgery is slightly more successful in relieving symptoms, but the risk of complications is greater.
wever, jaundice (a yellow color to the skin and mucous membranes) develops by the second or third week of life. The infant ma
orns, affecting one in every 15,000 live births. As with many congenital conditions, a family history of biliary atresia increases th
iver do not develop normally. It is not known why the biliary system fails to develop normally. The bile ducts help remove wast
or if other symptoms of biliary atresia develop.
abies with this condition. The long-term benefit of liver transplant is not yet known, but is expected to improve survival.
equently snacks, in addition to eating three meals a day Overeats throughout the day, rather than simply consuming large amo
ften begins during or after strict dieting.
ttern of binge eating or bulimia.
he following symptoms:Easily distracted Little need for sleep Poor judgment Poor temper control Reckless behavior and lack o
ts between ages 15 - 25. The exact cause is unknown, but it occurs more often in relatives of people with bipolar disorder.Type
You are having thoughts of death or suicide You are experiencing severe symptoms of depression or mania You have been diag
rder. However, patients often need help and support to take medicine properly and to make sure that mania and depression a
e base of the eyelashes. The eyelids may be:Crusty Reddened Swollen Itching BurningYou may feel like you have sand or dust i
ormally found on the skin. It is usually due to seborrheic dermatitis or a bacterial infection. Both may occur at the same time.Th
re more likely to develop this condition if you have seborrheic dermatitis of the face or scalp, rosacea, lice, and allergies.
toms worsen or do not improve after careful cleansing of the eyelids for several days.
n to lid cleanliness may be required to prevent repeated problems. Continued treatment will typically make the eyes less red an
miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. See the doctor right away.During months 4 - 9 bleeding may be a sign of:Abruptio placentae M
rriage. You have any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. Treat this as a potential emergency. You have vaginal bleeding and hav
targeted, but general symptoms of BDD include:Thinking about the perceived defect for hours every day Worrying about their
omen equally affected.BDD usually starts in the teenage years, when concern over physical appearance is common.The cause o
h professional.
ercent of all cancers. About 2,300 new cases of primary bone cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year (5). Different
bone cancers cause pain (1). Persistent or unusual pain or swelling in or near a bone can be caused by cancer or by other condi
searchers have identified several factors that increase the likelihood of developing these tumors. Osteosarcoma occurs more f
tion for many people with bone cancer. To develop new treatments and better ways to use current treatments, the National Ca
esult, their interests and values may change rapidly.People with BPD also tend to see things in terms of extremes, such as eithe
wn. Genetic, family, and social factors are thought to play roles.This personality disorder tends to occur more often in women a
escence Disrupted family life Poor communication in the family Sexual abuse
s of borderline personality disorder. It is especially important to seek help right away if you or your child is having thoughts of s
her the person is willing to accept help. With long-term talk therapy, the person will often gradually improve.
hing characteristic of this disease is attacks of severe pain in the lower chest, often on one side. The slightest movement of the
develops severe chest pain.
g the weeks following the initial episode are a characteristic feature of this disease. Almost all generally healthy individuals rec
inated food. There is NO fever with this infection. In adults, symptoms may include:Abdominal cramps Breathing difficulty that
oughout the world. It produces spores that survive in improperly preserved or canned food, where they produce toxin. When e
e canning methods you, too, may be at an increased risk for contracting botulism.
doctor immediately if you suspect you or your baby have botulism.

ntion Abdominal fullness, gaseous Abdominal pain and cramping Breath odor Constipation Diarrhea VomitingUpright abdomina
h simply means something is in the way Ileus, a condition in which the bowel doesn't work correctly but there is no structural p
n develops and you are unable to pass stool or gas, or if other symptoms of bowel obstruction develop.
ey may develop suddenly. They may include:Changes in mental status Confusion Decreasing responsiveness Drowsiness Eventu
part of the brain. Swelling and irritation (inflammation) develop in response to this infection. Infected brain cells, white blood c
mune system (such as in AIDS patients) Chronic disease, such as cancer or Osler-weber-rendu syndrome Drugs that suppress th
umber (such as 911) if you have symptoms of a brain abscess.
tment, the death rate is about 10 - 30%. The earlier treatment is received, the better.Some patients may have long-term neuro
d tiredness Cardiac arrest (no heartbeat) Respiratory arrest (inability to breathe) Loss of consciousness Loss of brainstem reflexe
brain tumor Primary brain tumor Hemorrhage Abscess Stroke Hydrocephalus ("water on the brain")
t a high risk of developing Brain herniation.
t Brain herniation or you experience any of the symptoms listed above. Brain herniation is a medical emergency and can result
d may lead to impaired breathing, impaired neurological functioning, or death. The outlook will depend on where the herniation
rows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Epileptic seizures Decreased sensation of a body area D
umor, the type of tissue involved, whether they are noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant), and other factors. Someti
or is related to several factors.Radiation exposure Family history Immune system disorders Cell phone use: There has been a gre
lop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:New, or suddenly dev
er or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The location of the tumor The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, wheth
change in size or shape of the breast or discharge from a nipple.Swelling of all or part of a breast (even if no distinct lump is fe
cannot explain why one woman develops breast cancer and another does not. They do know that bumping, bruising, or touchi
have:A lump in or near your breast or under your arm Thick or firm tissue in or near your breast or under your arm Nipple disc
ncer survive after 5 years in the US 1983-90 (SEER) Breast cancer survival rates by stage of disease:100% of women survive bre
oadenomas, and cysts.Fibrocystic changes are painful, lumpy breasts. Fibrocystic breast changes do not increase your risk of br
wrinkled (like the peel of an orange) You find a new breast lump during your monthly self-exam You have bruising on your brea
g:Disorganized behavior False ideas about what is taking place (delusions) Hearing or seeing things that aren't real (hallucinatio
a traumatic accident or loss of a loved one), and is followed by a return to the previous level of function. The person may or ma
u have symptoms of this disorder. If you are concerned for your safety or for the safety of someone else, call the local emergen
pisodes may occur in response to stress.
onchiolitis begins as a mild upper respiratory infection. Over a period of 2 - 3 days, it can develop into increasing respiratory dis
peak age of 3 - 6 months. It is a common, and sometimes severe illness. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common c
ency room if the child with bronchiolitis:Becomes lethargic Develops a bluish color in the skin, nails, or lips Develops rapid, shal
difficulty usually improves by the third day. The mortality rate is less than 1%.
mptoms such as:Abdominal pain Back pain Chills Excessive sweating Fatigue Fever Headache Joint pain Loss of appetite Weakn
cteria can spread to humans if you come in contact with infected meat or the placenta of infected animals, or if you eat or drink
animals or meat such as slaughterhouse workers, farmers, and veterinarians, are at higher risk.
evelop symptoms of brucellosis Your symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment You develop new symptoms
with tuberculosis, the illness can come back after a long period of time.
other structures around your jaw. The symptoms can cause temporomandibular joint problems (TMJ).Grinding can wear down
oth the day and night, although sleep-related bruxism is often the bigger problem because it is harder to control.The cause of b
immediately if you are having trouble eating or opening your mouth. Keep in mind that a wide variety of possible conditions ca
manent damage to the teeth and uncomfortable jaw pain, headaches, or ear pain.
days of exposure to the bacteria. Symptoms include:Chills General ill feeling (malaise) High fever Muscle pain Severe headache
as rats, spread the disease to humans. People can get the plague when they are bitten by a flea that carries the plague bacteri
arries the plague bacteria from an infected rodent. In rare cases, you may get the disease when handling an infected animal. Ri
after exposure to fleas or rodents, especially if you live in or have visited an area where plague occurs.
ue die. Almost all people with pneumonic plague die if not treated. Treatment reduces the death rate to 50%.
ominal swelling or stretching Pain in the right upper abdomen Vomiting blood Yellowing of the skin (jaundice)
e liver and back to the heart. This blockage can cause liver damage. Obstruction of this vein can be caused by a tumor or growt
vein obstruction You are being treated for this condition and you develop new symptoms
day for many months.People with bulimia often eat large amounts of high-calorie foods, usually in secret. People can feel a lack
st common in adolescent girls and young women.The affected person is usually aware that her eating pattern is abnormal and
or your child) have symptoms of an eating disorder.
symptoms, even with treatment.People with fewer medical complications of bulimia, and those who are willing and able to tak
ph nodes (glands) in the neck, groin, or under the arm. These swollen lymph nodes are often painless, but can grow very rapidly
rts of Africa, but it also occurs in the United States.The African type of Burkitt lymphoma is closely associated with the Epstein-B

ith intensive chemotherapy. The cure rate may be lower if the cancer spreads to the bone marrow or spinal fluid.
hough it can also occur in the heel, the knee, or the base of the big toe.Symptoms may include:Stiff and aching joint Swollen an
n a bone and other moving parts: muscles, tendons, or skin. Bursae are found throughout the body. Bursitis occurs when a burs
Middle age Diabetes Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis Thyroid disease Gout Having a hobby or job that involves repetitive mo
ificantly interferes with your daily activities Joint pain lasts over two weeks Joint is extremely swollen Joint is red or bruised, or
cases your bursa may have to be removed surgically if other treatments are ineffective.
e beginning of the work week, and then improve while you are away from the workplace, or later in the work week.
osis. It is most common in people who work in the textile industry. Those who are sensitive to the dust can have an asthma -like
exposure to dust. Being exposed to the dust many times can lead to chronic lung disease and shortness of breath or wheezing.

. Continued exposure can lead to damaged lung function. In the U.S., worker's compensation may be available to people with b
They usually last 1 week, and may includeCramping abdominal pain Fever Nausea and vomiting Watery diarrhea, sometimes bl
on. These bacteria are also one of the many causes of traveler's diarrhea or food poisoning.People most often get infected by e
es for more than 1 week or comes back. There is pus or blood in your stools. You have diarrhea and are unable to drink fluids d
y, the lesion may cause pain) Penis pain and bleeding from the penis (may occur with advanced disease)
ng substance found under the foreskin of the penis may increase the risk of penis cancer.Uncircumcised men who do not keep

The 5-year survival rate for penile cancers is 65%. Urination and sexual function can often be maintained even when a significan
bness in the hand and wrist, radiating up the arm. As symptoms worsen, people might feel tingling during the day, and decreas
es at the base of your hand that contains nerves and tendons. Sometimes, thickening from irritated tendons or other swelling n
rome than men. Additionally, those who perform assembly line work are especially at risk.
ave symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome Your symptoms do not respond to regular treatment, such as rest and anti-inflamma
of cases eventually require surgery. Surgery is often successful, but full healing can take months.Recurrence of carpal tunnel syn
mptoms, including:Bump (papule) or blister (pustule) at site of injury (usually the first sign) Fatigue Fever (in some patients) He
se is spread through contact with an infected cat (a bite or scratch), or contact with cat saliva on broken skin or the white of the

s and a history of exposure to a cat.

treatment is the norm. In immunocompromised people, treatment with antibiotics generally leads to recovery.
rry, fuzzy, foggy, or filmy vision Loss of color intensity Double vision or multiple images in one eye Difficulty seeing at night Prob
Adult cataracts usually develop very gradually with advancing age and may run in families. They develop slowly and painlessly,
s for cataract include:Certain diseases such as diabetes. Personal behavior such as smoking and alcohol use. The environment s
eye diseases, such as macular degeneration, are present. Eye doctors can usually, but not always, determine this in advance.
oms may occur in the digestive system or in other parts of the body. Digestive symptoms are more common in infants and youn
gy Inflammation of the bowel tissue Genetic mutations
h the immune system attacks the body’s healthy cells and tissues. The connection between celiac disease and these diseases m

tic onset may occur at any point during a patient's life and is a lifelong condition. Although incurable, celiac disease is managea
lucinations Reduced alertness, drowsiness or sleepiness, lethargy, poor responses Speech changes, poor enunciation Tremor W
events signals from being properly transmitted in the nerve. This decreases the nerve's ability to communicate with other cells.

ecause this condition is rare in the general community.

ually long-lasting.The disorder can cause serious long-term (chronic) disability.
r at any age. Hemorrhages occur most often in people ages 15 - 20, but can also occur later in life. Some patients with an AVM
known. The condition occurs when arteries in the brain connect directly to nearby veins without having the normal vessels (cap
(such as 911) if you have:Numbness in parts of the body Seizures Severe headache Vomiting Weakness Other symptoms of a r
he first symptom are deadly. Some patients may have permanent seizures and brain and nervous system (neurological) problem
re- headache, subacute in nature,developing over several days. Acute headaches also can happen.- focal or generalized seizure
ections and injuries of the central nervous system- venous thromboembolism,- pregnancy- oestrogen therapy/ oral contracepti
ndrome- cancer- exogenous hormones- genetic risks (inherited thrombophilia)
enous thrombosis (CVT) is more favorable. In 80% of patients with CVT, there are no functional disabilities. In the acute phase o
ncer grows larger, women may notice one or more of these symptoms:Abnormal vaginal bleeding Bleeding that occurs betwee
isk of cervical cancer, infection with HPV (human papillomavirus) is the main cause of cervical cancer. HPV infection and other
hree years of the first time you have sex, which ever happens first. The Pap test is one of the most reliable and effective cancer
d staying as active as you can during the sometimes rough treatment of cervical cancer. You need the right amount of calories t
Between periods Unusual vaginal discharge Does not go away Gray, white, or yellow color May have an odor Painful sexual inte
uring sexual activity. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that can cause cervicitis include:Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes virus (
n at some point during their adult life. Risks include:High-risk sexual behavior History of STDs Many sexual partners Sex (interco

nd and there is a treatment for that cause.

i. H. ducreyi is usually found in developing countries but may also be found in endemic areas in devloped countries associated
exposures to H. ducreyi. Symptoms start to appear 4 to 10 days after exposure to H. ducreyi. Symptoms of chancroid may inclu
h Difficulty breathing Possibly wet or gurgle sounding breathing (abnormal lung sounds) Unusual sensation (possibly burning fe
cing both an acute and a chronic form of inflammation in the lungs. Some of the most common dangerous, inhaled substances
er inhaling (or possibly inhaling) any substance.
erity of exposure, and whether the problem is acute or chronic.
efore the rash appears: Fever Headache Loss of appetite Fatigue MalaiseThe chickenpox rash occurs about 10 to 21 days after c
f Herpes virus family. The same virus also causes herpes zoster (shingles) in adults.Chickenpox spreads easily to others by touch
one with the disease is at risk.
ou think that your child has chickenpox or if your child is over 12 months of age and has not been vaccinated against chickenpo
ve had chickenpox, the virus usually remains dormant or asleep in your body for your lifetime. About 1 in 10 adults will have shi
e symptoms. Symptoms usually begin 3–7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms are fe
bites. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on a person already infected with the virus. Infected mosquitoes can then s
ed around the time of birth, older adults (≥65 years), and people with medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes
Fever persisting for more than five days Intractable pain Postural dizziness, cold extremities Decreased urine output Any bleedi
on may go unrecognized, or be misdiagnosed in areas where dengue occurs. Most patients recover fully, but in some cases join
aviors Inability to start or maintain a conversation Lack of play Loss of bowel and bladder control Loss of language or communic
it has been linked to brain and nervous system problems.A child who is affected loses:Communication skills Nonverbal behavio
or starts to lose developmental abilities.
ndition have an impairment similar to that of children with severe autism by age 10.
en, chlamydia may produce symptoms similar to gonorrhea. Symptoms may include:Burning sensation during urination Discha
the United States. Sexually active individuals, individuals with multiple partners, and individuals who fail to utilize condoms con
dia.Because many people with chlamydia may not have symptoms, sexually active adults should be screened periodically for th
tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:JaundiceItchingAbdominal painLoss of appetite
nd do not spread (metastasize) quickly. However, many of these tumors are already advanced by the time they are found.A cho
arcinoma is related to several factors.Chronic inflammation of the bile duct: Clinical data suggest patients who have chronic infl
ma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdom
ds on the following:The location of tumor in bile duct Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the ca
upper side or middle of the upper abdomen May come and go Pain is sharp, crampy, or dull Pain may move the back or below
occur when the duct is blocked by something, such as a gallstone or tumor. The infection causing this condition may also sprea
olangitis HIV Narrowing of the common bile duct Traveling to countries where you might catch a worm or parasite infection
ave symptoms of cholangitis.

people who have developed cholera:Abdominal cramps Dry mucus membranes or mouth Dry skin Excessive thirst Glassy or sun
ia releases a toxin that causes increased release of water in the intestines, which produces severe diarrhea. Cholera occurs in p
o contaminated or untreated drinking water Living in or traveling to areas where there is cholera Displacement of large numbe
rrhea You have signs of dehydration, including: Dry mouth Dry skin "Glassy" eyes Lethargy No tears Rapid pulse Reduced or no
ost people will make a full recovery.
ools Dark urine Inability to digest certain foods Itching Nausea or vomiting Pain in the right upper part of the abdomen Yellow sk
occurs outside the liver. It can be caused by:Bile duct tumors Cysts Narrowing of the bile duct (strictures) Stones in the common
ow skin or eyes Other symptoms of cholestasis
ndition. Stones in the common bile duct usually can be removed, curing the cholestasis.Stents can be placed to open areas of t
ot related to activity, and some swelling at the site of the tumor. It may also cause a limp, and may cause muscle wasting at the

urs in boys more often than in girls.

od. Chondrosarcoma may recur in 20 percent of cases.
elling in the area of the tumor. The pain can be intermittent, but overall it usually gets worse over time. The pain can get worse
wn, there is thought to be certain genetic components that make chondrosarcoma more likely in certain individuals. Chondrosa
ors. Some of these tumors are:Enchondromas - a type of benign bone tumor that often occurs in the hands, but can also occur
f biopsy, can help to determine your prognosis with the disease.
with a recent history of hydatidiform mole, abortion, or pregnancy.Additional symptoms may include:Irregular vaginal bleeding
er associated with pregnancy.A baby may or may not develop in these types of pregnancy.The cancer may develop after a norm
toms arise within 1 year after hydatidiform mole, abortion (including miscarriage), or term pregnancy.
ill maintain reproductive function.The condition is harder to cure if the cancer has spread and one of more of the following eve
ostatitis but are not as severe. They usually begin more gradually. Patients may have no symptoms in between episodes, or the
tion of the prostate gland. It may occur with or follow:Acute prostatitis Epididymitis Urinary tract infection that often returns (i
a condom) Excessive alcohol intake Injury to the perineum (the area between the scrotum and anus) These factors may cause c

iscomfort Cough that produces mucus; if it's yellow-green, you are more likely to have a bacterial infection Fatigue Fever -- usu
h that produces excessive mucus. To be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, you must have a cough with mucus most days of th
and young children Persons with heart or lung disease Smokers
ough that returns frequently You are coughing up blood You have a high fever or shaking chills You have a low-grade fever for 3
days if you do not have an underlying lung disorder. However, a dry, hacking cough can linger for a number of months.The chan
g Abdominal pain that is located on the upper right side or upper middle of the abdomen The pain may: Spread to the back or b
ladder. It is usually preceded by repeated attacks of acute cholecystitis. This leads to thickening of the gallbladder walls. The ga
se occurs more often in women than in men Age: The incidence increases after age 40 The presence or development of gallston
evelop any symptoms of cholecystitis.
adder (rarely) Jaundice Pancreatitis Worsening of the condition
If you take birth control pills, you may have fewer symptoms. If you are on hormone therapy, you may have more symptoms.S
de in the ovaries can make a woman's breasts feel swollen, lumpy, or painful before or during menstruation each month.Up to
s during your breast self examYou have new discharge from the nipple or any discharge that is bloody or clearYou have rednes
need to worry about your symptoms. Fibrocystic breast changes do not increase your risk of breast cancer. Symptoms usually
s on the cause of the diarrhea and the age and general health of the patient. Chronic diarrhea from some causes can result in s
y ingesting food or water or touching objects contaminated with stool. In general, chronic diarrhea not caused by an infection is
mon viral infections, and include muscle aches, headache, and extreme fatigue. However, symptoms of CFS last for 6 months or
Some theories suggest CFS may be due to:Epstein-Barr virus or human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6); however, no specific virus has b
xperience persistent, severe fatigue, with or without other symptoms of this disorder.Other more serious disorders can cause s
ult to predict when symptoms first start.Some patients completely recover after 6 months to a year.Some patients never feel lik
ms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Weakness and fatigue Weight loss Fe
mphocytic leukemia is related to several factors.Certain chemical exposures: Studies suggest that some herbicides and insectici
tic leukemia develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Hyp
e stage of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, whether lymphocytes are spread throughout the bone marrow, whether the chronic l
ough with mucus, shortness of breath (dyspnea) that gets worse with mild activity, fatigue, frequent respiratory infections, and
kes, the more likely that person will develop COPD although some people smoke for years and never get COPD.In rare cases, no
the workplace Exposure to heavy amounts of secondhand smoke and pollution Frequent use of cooking gas without proper ve
(such as 911) if you have a rapid increase in shortness of breath.
et worse more quickly if one continues to smoke.Patients with severe COPD will be short of breath with most activities and wil
k movements of the arms, legs, or other areas Sounds (grunts, throat clearing, contractions of the abdomen or diaphragm)Peo
.The condition is more common than Tourette syndrome. However, it is not as common as transient tic disorder.Chronic tics m
c unless it is severe or disrupts your life.If you cannot tell whether your movements are a tic or something more serious (such a
lly do very well. Symptoms may last 4 to 6 years, and then stop without treatment in early adolescence.When the disorder beg
s with polyangiitis. However, various allergens, infections, vaccinations and drugs may act as a triggering agents, and are respo
iitis. Studies shown, it occurs mostly between 40-60 years with people having chronic history of asthma and allergic manifestati
g:Worsening asthma Severe breathing difficulties Worsening sinusitis, facial pain and rhinitis Severe abdominal pain Blood in u
 ith polyangiitis can die within a few months.With treatment, the outlook for most patients is good. Studies have shown that mo
the time A loss of pleasure in usual activities Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much A big change in appetite, often with weigh
es (inherited), behaviors you learn at home, or both. Even if your genes make you more likely to develop depression, a stressful
you have thoughts of harming yourself or others.Call your doctor if:You hear voices that are not there You cry often without c
ses and can go up to 15 in severe infection) Abdominal pain Decrease appetite Low-grade fever Blood or pus in the stool Sepsis
ase the balance is hampered the bacteria start to release toxins that attack the lining of the intestines. This is what leads to sym

g an antibiotic. Also call if you have symptoms that last longer than three days or get worse
vere cases metronidazole and vancomycin helps decrease the symptom within 72hour
may have cold- or flu -like symptoms or symptoms of pneumonia. If symptoms occur, they typically start 5 to 21 days after bein
n the desert regions of the southwestern United States, and in Central and South America. You get it by breathing in fungal par

ave symptoms of coccidioidomycosis or if your condition does not improve with treatment.
they have and their overall health. The outcome in acute disease is likely to be good. With treatment, the outcome is usually go
e seeing colors and the brightness of colors in the usual way Trouble telling the difference between red and green Trouble telli
sensing materials (pigments) in certain nerve cells of the eye. These cells are called cones. They are found in the retina, the ligh
or blindness is commonly inherited in a X-linked recessive fashion, about 8 percent of males, but only 0.5 percent of females, a
er, make an appointment with your optometrist or ophthalmologist if you think you (or your child) have color blindness.
o adjust without difficulty or disability.Although those who are colorblind can succeed at many jobs, they may not be able to ge
e cancer grows larger, people with colorectal cancer may experience the following symptoms.Changes in bowel habits such as
olorectal cancer potentially. These risk factors are outlined in the table below:Colorectal polyps: Person with a history of adeno
develop. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdominal pain, seve
hose tumor is caught early may often be curable. It depends on the following:The size of the tumorLocation of the tumor in the
contact with the virus, although it could take up to a week. Symptoms mostly affect the nose.The most common cold symptom
e billion colds in the United States each year. You and your children will probably have colds more than any other types of illne
g becomes difficult. Your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 7-10 days.
n to yellow or green within a few days. This is normal, and not a reason for using antibiotics. Most cold symptoms usually go aw

ch stronger than would be expected for the type of injury that occurred Gets worse, rather than better over time Begins at the
athetic nervous system plays an important role in the pain. Another theory is that CRPS is caused by a triggering of the immune
as been seen in younger people too.
ning pain in an arm, leg, hand, or foot.
noses the condition within the first stage, sometimes signs of the disease may disappear (remission) and normal movement is p
ontrol, and not concerned about the feelings of other people.Symptoms may include:Breaking rules without obvious reason Cru
ddiction or alcoholism in the parents Family conflicts Genetic defects PovertyThe diagnosis is more common among boys.It is ha
uble Has mood swings Is bullying others or cruel to animals Is being victimized Seems to be overly aggressiveEarly treatment m
the poorest outlook. Expectations are also worse for those who have other illnesses, such as mood and drug abuse disorders.
y signs at birth.Some may have one or more of the following symptoms:Weight gain Puffy face Swollen tongue Hoarse cry Low
abnormally developed thyroid gland Pituitary gland's failure to stimulate the thyroid Defective or abnormal formation of thyro
HR genes result in congenital hypothyroidism.
s or symptoms of hypothyroidism You are pregnant and have been exposed to antithyroid drugs or procedures
he baby starts thyroid hormone replacement therapy early.The earlier the treatment begins, the better outcome the baby will b
clots. The symptoms are the same as for deep venous thrombosis, and include:Pain or tenderness in the affected area Rednes
hich means it is passed down through families. Congenital means it is present at birth.The disorder causes abnormal blood clotti
in a vein (such as swelling and redness of the leg).

ppearance to pupil Deafness Developmental delay Excessive sleepiness Irritability Low birth weight Mental retardation Seizure
affects the developing baby at a critical time, in the first 3 months of pregnancy. After the fourth month, the mother's rubella i
enital rubella, if you are unsure of your vaccination status, or if you or your children need a rubella vaccine.
e severity of problems present. Heart defects can often be corrected. Damage to the nervous system is permanent.
ailure to thrive Fever Irritability No bridge to nose (saddle nose) Early rash - small blisters on the palms and soles Later rash - co
dum, which is passed from mother to child during fetal development or at birth. Nearly half of all children infected with syphili
ms of this condition.If you think that you may have syphilis and are pregnant (or anticipate becoming pregnant), call your health
born.Treatment of the expectant mother lowers the risk of congenital syphilis in the infant.Babies who become infected when
hora) of the eyes are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. Additionally, symptoms vary based on the specific type
ovirus, but many other factors can lead to its occurrence. Other causes include:Allergies (allergic conjunctivitis) Bacteria Certain
bacterial form of conjunctivitis are at risk for developing conjunctivitis. Children and adults can develop both bacterial and vira
However, newborns with ophthalmia neonatorum must be treated immediately to prevent blindness.
olves, in 65% of cases, within 2 – 5 days.
more bodily functions, such as:Blindness Inability to speak Numbness ParalysisDiagnostic testing does not find any physical caus
ogical conflict.Symptoms usually begin suddenly after a stressful experience. People are more at risk for a conversion disorder
r someone you know has symptoms of a conversion disorder.
away. Usually the symptom itself is not life threatening, but complications can be debilitating.
d can cause tearing and squinting.Other symptoms include:Eye burning, itching and discharge Eye pain Eye redness Impaired v
bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Because bacteria can more easily penetrate a damaged cornea than a healthy one, a corne
ose who wear contact lenses overnight) are at an increased risk of developing corneal ulcers.Corneal ulcers are a common cond
evere light sensitivity, or eye pain.
ever, if left untreated, a corneal ulcer or infection can permanently damage the cornea. Untreated corneal ulcers may also perf
y first appear on one side of the body (unilateral), but eventually affect both sides as the disease progresses.Symptoms include
ourse of 6 to 8 years.An individual with corticobasal degeneration eventually becomes unable to walk.
weight loss and a failure to thrive Difficulty feeding Short statureOversized features, particularly the head and mouth Curly, thin
ner, which means one copy of the altered gene is sufficient to cause the disorder. Almost all cases have resulted from new muta
ew mutation, family members are, for the most part, not at increased risk. In some cases, however, depending on the genetic m
ltiple, characteristic symptoms and is confirmed by molecular genetic testing. Sequence analysis of HRAS, the only gene curren
tumor grows larger, functions about hormone making, growth, and vision may be affected. Symptoms by increasing the pressu
tudies need to done about it.
pressure such as headache, nausea, vomiting or imbalance, any visual changes, or increased thirst and urination, or poor growt
ma is good. The outlook depends on:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The neurological deficits and horm
he newborn's skull Disappearance of the fontanelle early A raised hard ridge along the affected sutures Unusual head shape Slo
lved determines the abnormal shape of the head.A person's genes may play a role in craniosynostosis. The hereditary form oft
hildren affected by certain genetic disorders may also be affected by craniosynostosis.
an unusual shape. A referral to a pediatric neurologist or neurosurgeon should follow.
olved and whether other defects are present. Patients who have surgery usually do well, especially those whose condition is no
few weeks or months) Blurred vision (sometimes) Changes in gait (walking) Hallucinations Lack of coordination (for example, st
auses normal proteins to fold abnormally. This affects the other proteins' ability to function.There are several types of CJD. The
ent may make the symptoms easier to control, allow patients time to make advance directives, and give families additional tim
e onset of symptoms, the person will become incapable of self-care.The disorder is fatal in a short time, usually within 8 month
o the eyes Low birth weight and slow growth Low-set or abnormally shaped ears Mental retardation Partial webbing or fusing o
tion on chromosome 5 is missing. One missing piece, called TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) is involved in control of cel
may show:Inguinal hernia Diastasis recti (separated abdominal muscles) Low muscle tone Epicanthal folds, an extra fold of ski
Half of children with Cri du chat syndrome learn sufficient verbal skills to communicate. The cat-like cry becomes less apparent
ellow in the whites of the eyes (icterus), which begin a few days after birth and get worse over time
ne fails to make the enzyme that normally converts bilirubin into a form that can easily be removed from the body. Without th
defective gene from both parents to develop the severe form of the condition. Parents who are carriers (with just one defectiv
d) bilirubin Liver biopsy, enzyme assay Total bilirubin level Unconjugated (unbound) bilirubin in blood
affected. Symptoms range from mild to severe, and can come and go with periods of flare-ups.The main symptoms of Crohn's d
one have been proven. The human immune system is made from cells and different proteins that protect people from infectio
e between ages 15 - 35. Risk factors include:Family history of Crohn's disease Jewish ancestry Smoking
ave symptoms of Crohn's disease You are already diagnosed with Crohn's disease and your symptoms get worse or do not impr
y periods of improvement followed by flare-ups of symptoms.It is very important to stay on medications long-term to try to kee
 ildren have what appears to be a mild cold for several days before the barking cough becomes evident. As the cough gets more
bacteria, allergies, and inhaled irritants. Acid reflux from the stomach can trigger croup. Viral croup is usually caused by human
for croup:Infants and children between 6 months and 6 years old Males People living in densely populated regions People trav
pport from your health care provider. Call 911 if:The croup is possibly being caused by an insect sting or inhaled object The child
mptoms will resolve by 1 to 2 days after manifestation. The outlook for croup is good with prompt treatment of symptoms. For
ple with the disorder have:Upper body obesity A rounded face Increased fat around the neck Relatively slender arms and legs C
d to high levels of cortisol for too long. Many people develop Cushing’s syndrome because they take glucocorticoids—steroid h
years (1 or more years in children and adolescents)Mood swings are less severe than in bipolar disorder, major depression, or
sion, bipolar disorder, and cyclothymia often occur together in families. This suggests that these mood disorders share similar c
stent alternating periods of depression and excitement that negatively affect work, school, or social life.Seek immediate help i
lly develop bipolar disorder.In other people, cyclothymia will continue as a chronic condition or disappear with time.
o your comment, I'm not sure what part of "five days" you don't understand. What is the correct venue to complain when an AF
r bloody urine, which may have a foul or strong odor Low fever (not everyone will have a fever) Pain or burning with urination P
hra and then the bladder. These bacteria can lead to infection, most commonly in the bladder. The infection can spread to the
be called a urinary catheter inserted in your bladder Blockage of the bladder or urethra Diabetes Enlarged prostate, narrowed u
You have already been diagnosed and symptoms get worse New symptoms develop, particularly fever, back pain, stomach pain
complications after treatment.
mph glands) Fever Headache Fatigue Weakness Muscle aches Loss of appetiteSevere CMV:Blindness Pneumonia Diarrhea Bleed
men (sexual contact) and breast milk. CMV can rarely be transmitted by blood transfusion or organ transplantation.
ak immune system. Many people can be asymptomatic carrier of the virus and get never affected by it. Thus,it can be seen the

galovirus. Infection with CMV is very common. The infection is spread by:Blood transfusions Organ transplants Respiratory drop
ample, from lethargy to agitation and back to lethargy).Symptoms include:Changes in alertness (usually more alert in the morn
is usually temporary and reversible. Many disorders cause delirium, including conditions that deprive the brain of oxygen or ot

sorders that cause dementia.Acute brain syndromes may be reversible by treating the cause.Delirium often lasts only about 1 w
k. However, they may occur up to 7 - 10 days after the last drink.Symptoms may get worse quickly, and can include:Body tremo
er a period of heavy drinking, especially if you do not eat enough food.Delirium tremens may also be caused by head injury, inf
(such as 911) if you have symptoms. Delirium tremens is an emergency condition.
symptoms may last for a year or more, including:Emotional mood swings Feeling tired Sleeplessness
tal function, including:Language Memory Perception Emotional behavior or personality Cognitive skills (such as calculation, abs
reversible means the changes in the brain that are causing the dementia cannot be stopped or turned back. Alzheimer's disease
med Alzheimer's disease. Stroke Lewy body disease Parkinson's disease Multiple sclerosis Huntington's disease Pick's disease Pr
orse.If the patient experiences either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Stupor Mania
dementia. However, when dementia does occur, it usually gets worse and often decreases quality of life and lifespan.
es which are accumulated bits of alpha-synuclein protein inside the nuclei of neurons in areas of the brain that control particula
ld memory problems Well defined, vivid hallucinations Tremors or rigidity (especially if Haldol or other anti-psychotics given) P
o-degenerative disorder that results in progressive intellectual and functional deterioration.There are no known therapies to st
decisions. They may be very upset by separation and loss. They may go to great lengths, even suffering abuse, to stay in a relati
e causes of this disorder are unknown. It is one of the most common personality disorders, and is equally common in men and
ntal health professional if you or your adolescent has symptoms of dependent personality disorder.

r lives, and the people around them. Teenagers who are depressed usually see everything more negatively. They can't imagine
In teenagers, depressed mood is common because of:The normal process of maturing and the stress that occurs with it The infl
tates, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: 1-800-SUICIDE or 1-800-999-9999.Call your health care provider right away if you notice o
atment as early as possible may prevent further episodes. However, about half of very depressed teens will keep having proble
he elderly.Depression in the elderly may be hard to detect. Common symptoms such as fatigue, appetite loss, and trouble slee
r depression, or make existing depression worse. Some of these changes are:Adapting to a move from home to an apartment o
hless, or hopeless, or if you cry often. Also call if you are having trouble coping with stresses in your life and want to be referred
 depression can lead to complications. The outcome is usually better for people who have access to social services, family, and
wing symptoms:Pain: Pain at the base of the thumb is the main symptom of DeQuervain's syndrome. The pain may be sudden
loth. Direct injury to your wrist or tendon Inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritisIt can be prevented byAvoid to ov
of the wrist, activities such as that involve frequent lifting, wringing or peeling. For example, new mother is at risk of developing
drome develop.
n recover after rest or physical therapy, few people with DeQuervain's syndrome need surgery.
ulties with motor coordination compared to other children the same age. Some common symptoms include:Clumsiness Delays
ntal coordination disorder.Children with this disorder may:Have trouble holding objects Have an unsteady walk Run into other
oncerned about your child's development.
The disorder does not get worse over time. It usually continues into adulthood.
tting Waking up in the middle of the night to urinate Diabetes mellitus can also present with similar symptoms.
m of serious DI, central DI, results from damage to the pituitary gland, which disrupts the normal storage and release of ADH. Da
rth can have a genetic cause. It usually affects males, though women can be a carrier and pass the gene on to their children.
ssociated with diabetes insipidus.
abetes insipidus does not cause severe problems or reduce life expectancy.
ss disorders.
osis or hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.

partment as soon as possible.

tic coma depends on whether the patient is treated promptly and properly.
urination (at the beginning of the syndrome) Lethargy Nausea Weakness Weight lossSymptoms may get worse over a period of
of:Extremely high blood sugar (glucose) levels Extreme lack of water (dehydration) Decreased consciousnessThe buildup of ket
ttack, stroke, or recent surgery Congestive heart failure Impaired thirst Limited access to water (especially in patients with dem
om or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you develop symptoms of diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndro
eath rate with this condition is as high as 40%.
oacidosis:Shortness of breath Fruity breath Nausea and vomiting Excessive thirst Dry skin and mouth Flushed face Frequent ur
n to enter inside the cells. When the patient lacks enough insulin, sugar will not be able to enter inside the cell. This situation pr
auma, heart attack, surgery or missing insulin doses can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. Patients with type 2 diabetes who suffer a
osis develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Vomiting or n
tient is diagnised or treated in time The age of the patient: Older people have worse outcomes than the young. Whether compl
do occur, they may include:Abdominal discomfort or pain Diarrhea Weakness Weight loss
asite that infects humans. Humans become infected when they eat raw or undercooked freshwater fish that contain fish tapew
emisphere (Europe, newly independent states of the Former Soviet Union, North America, Asia), but has been reported in Ugan
gments of a worm in your stool Any family members have symptoms of pernicious anemia
There are no lasting effects.
en Knee pain and / or knee swelling Sloppy or "hypermobile" knees
ction which puts the kneecap under stress. Dislocation of the knee may also occur as a direct result of injury. When the patella
re people with "sloppy" or "hypermobile" knees, which means that you can easily move the kneecap around the joint, and that
r knee multiple times, or if you dislocate your knee and cannot fix it.
bility that it could pop out or dislocate again, so you want to be cautious as to physical activity to make sure that you do not re-

ommon this disorder is, it is thought to be about as common as learning and reading disorders.This disorder appears by itself or
should have their child tested by educational professionals.
.Marked improvement is often seen after treatment.
arre and inappropriate emotional responses Difficulty feeling pleasure False, fixed beliefs (delusions) Lack of motivation Seeing
s before age 25.
anywhere Chills Fever Nausea Vomiting Weight loss
et causes diverticular disease. The disease was first noticed in the United States in the early 1900s, around the time processed

history, does a physical exam, and may perform one or more diagnostic tests. Because most people do not have symptoms, di
h the bacteria that cause the disease. About half of infected men and women have sores in the anal area. Small, beefy-red bum
ebsiella granulomatis. The disease is commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas such as Southeast India, Guyana, and N
have had sexual contact with a person who is known to have donovanosis You develop symptoms of donovanosis
age or scarring. Untreated disease leads to damage of the genital tissue.
breath Yellow skin color (jaundice)
nly think your own red blood cells are dangerous, foreign substances. Antibodies then develop against the red blood cells. The

g that is causing the problem.

after taking the drug for at least 3 to 6 months. Common symptoms are similar to systemic lupus erythemathosus.Fatigue and w
vity reaction to a medication. Several following medications are known to cause drug-induced lupus:Procainamide Hydralazine
nic, long-term use of a drug known to cause Drug induced lupus.
ystemic lupus erythemathosus. Symptoms usually disappear within several days to weeks after stopping the medication that c
y as infancy. They may include:Fatigue Mental retardation (possible, but does not worsen over time) Muscle weaknessBegins in
muscular dystrophy. Other muscular dystrophies (including Becker's muscular dystrophy) get worse much more slowly.Duchenn
chenne muscular dystrophy Symptoms worsen, or new symptoms develop, particularly fever with cough or breathing difficultie
bility.Death usually occurs by age 25, typically from lung disorders.
y symptoms. Some may experience the following symptoms:Stomach pain or chest pain or back pain Nausea and vomiting Dia
etion, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Some drugs, such as aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) Stress Ir
op. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe stomach pain B
abilitation time of the lining of the duodenum depends on the treatment effectiveness for the underlying cause of the duodeniti
es in math classes and testsSome of the problems seen include:Trouble with reading, writing, and copying numbers Problems c
forming simple mathematical equations, such as counting and adding.Mathematical disorder may appear with:Developmental
ave any concerns about your child's development.

ollowing changes in her menstrual cycle:Bleeding or spotting from the vagina occurs between periods Menstrual periods may b
n. On average, menstrual flow occurs every 28 days (most women have cycles between 24 and 34 days apart), and lasts 4 - 7 d

no problem with anemia (low blood count), no treatment is needed.

amount or is foul-smelling. You have a fever. Your pain is significant, your period is more than one week late, and you have bee
most days for at least 2 years. In children and adolescents, the mood can be irritable instead of depressed and may last for at
milies. Dysthymia occurs more often in women than in men and affects up to 5% of the general population.Many people with dy
egularly feel depressed or low Your symptoms are getting worseCall for help immediately if you or someone you know develop
some people completely recover, others continue to have some symptoms, even with treatment.Although it is not as severe a
s may include:deterioration in handwriting after writing several lines foot cramps tendency of one foot to pull up or drag; this m
es of dystonia: acquired dystonia and idiopathic dystonia.Acquired dystonia, also called secondary dystonia, results from enviro
have a family history of idiopathic dystonia have a higher risk of inheriting it. Some cases of primary dystonia may have differen
le contractions, even if they are mild or occur irregularly.
nly after prolonged exertion, stress, or fatigue. Dystonias often progress through various stages. Initially, dystonic movements a
nging to the family called Filoviridae. Scientists have identified four types of the Ebola virus. Three have been reported to cause
sm:Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluid
symptoms may include:Sudden onset of fever Chills Malaise Severe weakness Muscle pain Low back pain Headache Arthritis S
rea of the world where Ebola occurs frequently (such as Central Africa) Hospital staff/caregivers for patients with Ebola Family m
o Africa Has been in an area known to have Ebola virus disease Has been in contact with another person who is known or suspe
lly die from shock rather than blood loss.
is large enough to be felt by physical examination. Symptoms include:Pain in the upper right part of the abdomen Bloody sputu
America The Mediterranean The Middle East In the United States, the disease is very rare. However, it has been reported in Ca
, wolves, or coyotes Pigs Sheep

es Severe agitation UnconsciousnessSymptoms of preeclampsia include:Gaining more than 2 pounds per week Headaches Naus
 ieve the following may play a role:Blood vessels Brain and nervous system (neurological) factors Diet GenesHowever, no theor
Abnormal blood tests Headaches Very high blood pressure Vision changes
ou have any symptoms of eclampsia or preeclampsia.Emergency symptoms include seizures or decreased consciousness.

ast tenderness Low back pain Mild cramping on one side of the pelvis Nausea Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic areaIf the ar
he womb (uterus). The most common site for an ectopic pregnancy is within one of the tubes through which the egg passes fro
Age over 35 Having had many sexual partners In vitro fertilization
bdominal pain or abnormal vaginal bleeding), call your health care provider.You can have an ectopic pregnancy if you are able t
ater able to have a baby. A repeated ectopic pregnancy may occur in one-third of women. Some women do not become pregn
ounded bottom (rocker-bottom feet) Low birth weight Low-set ears Mental deficiency Small jaw (micrognathia) Underdevelope
e had a child with Trisomy 18 and you plan to have another child. Genetic counseling can help families understand the conditio
nd the first week of life. Some children have survived to the teenage years, but with serious medical and developmental proble
anded chest. Signs of emphysema include pursed-lipped breathing and central cyanosis. The chest has hyperresonant percussio

kely to suffer from emphysema. A1AD allows inflammatory enzymes (such as elastase) to destroy the alveolar tissue. Most A1A
ecommended to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
ogression can be slowed if the patient adheres to proper treatment methods.
ents with empty sella syndrome may have symptoms caused by a partial or complete loss of pituitary gland function. For more
rain. It sits in a saddle-like compartment in the skull called the " sella turcica," which in Latin means "Turkish saddle."When the
otumor cerebri. This is a condition seen most commonly in obese women.
abnormal pituitary function, such as a disrupted menstrual cycle or impotence.
, and it does not affect life expectancy.
y) Dry cough Excessive sweating, especially night sweats Fever and chills General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise
he lung. It leads to a buildup of pus in the pleural space.There can be a pint or more of infected fluid. This fluid puts pressure on

t lung damage and death goes up. Patients will need long-term treatment with antibiotics and drainage. However, most people
on before encephalitis symptoms begin.When a case of encephalitis is not very severe, the symptoms may be similar to those
year of life and decreases with age. The very young and the elderly are more likely to have a severe case.Encephalitis is most o
(such as 911) if you have:Sudden fever Other symptoms of encephalitis
rson fully recovers. Other cases are severe, and permanent impairment or death is possible.The acute phase normally lasts for
appropriate places (generally in the child's clothes) Secretive behavior associated with bowel movements Constipation and har
impaction. Often, hard fecal material remains in the colon and the child only passes a soft or semi-liquid stool around the impa
Chronic constipation Low socioeconomic status
ehavior is noted in a child over 4 years old.

distention, acute/sub acute abdominal pain.

scharge, pain in the pelvis, bleeding or discharge not related to menstruation (periods), difficult or painful urination and pain du
and affects more white women than black women. Black women diagnosed with endometrial cancer are more likely to have m
ave abnormal vaginal bleeding or any other symptoms of endometrial cancer. This is particularly important if you have any asso
1-year survival rate is about 92%. The 5-year survival rate for endometrial cancer that has not spread is 95%. If the cancer has s
bnormal vaginal discharge Discomfort with bowel movement (constipation may occur) Fever (100 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit) G
hea, tuberculosis, or mixtures of normal vaginal bacteria.Endometritis is more likely to occur after miscarriage or childbirth, esp
ave symptoms of endometritis.Call immediately if you have symptoms and have recently had a baby, miscarriage, abortion, IUD
endometritis can lead to more serious infection and complications with pelvic organs, reproduction, and general health.
at occurs during the night Irritability due to itching and interrupted sleep Irritated or infected skin around the anus, from const
mmon worm infection in the United States. They are most common in school-age children. Pinworm eggs are spread directly fr

r your child has symptoms of pinworm infection You have seen pinworms on your child
ea Unexpected weight loss Skin lesion Fever Night sweat
-associated T-cell lymphoma, in other words, it's not known causes for this disease.
n among those diagnosed with celiac disease, however, type II can be seen in those without celiac disease There is a male gend
oss, diarrhea, fever, night sweat must visit their primary care physicians in order to have an extensive workup done and rule ou

p mild disease. Symptoms may include:Fever Runny nose Sneezing Cough Skin rashThe disease may be more severe in younger
terovirus 68 infection.The enterovirus 68 can be transmitted by droplets released from the respiratory tract when an infected p
ren, and teenagers are more likely to get infected and become sick. Younger children can get very sick and require hospitalizati
member, you should consider seeking medical care. Symptoms of severe respiratory disease such as difficulty breathing, whee

ut any long-term health problems. In a minority of patients, particularly children, the virus may lead to a severe infection of the
g Blurry or double vision Drowsiness (after several hours of the above symptoms) Irritability Ataxia Neck pain Cranial nerve pals

atosis type II (NF2), Turcot syndrome B, and MEN1 syndrome, have been found to be more frequently afflicted with ependyma
a heavy sensation in the testicle area. The area becomes more and more sensitive to pressure.Blood in the semen Discharge fr
rial infection from the urethra or the bladder. The most common infections that cause this condition in young heterosexual me
High-risk sexual behaviors Multiple sexual partners Personal history of gonorrhea or another STD Sexual partner with a diagnos
e local emergency number (such as 911) or go to the nearest emergency room if you experience sudden pain in the testicle.
s caused by bacteria can usually preserve the normal testicle function.If the testicle does not completely return to normal after
that results in even a brief loss of consciousness or if there are any other symptoms after a head injury (even without loss of co
uring childhood or adolescence. This type of bleeding is more common in young people because the membrane covering the br
al hemorrhage occur.Spinal injuries often occur with head injuries, so if you must move the person before help arrives, try to ke
mpt surgical intervention. Even with prompt medical attention, a significant risk of death and disability remains.
ptoms may include:Abnormal breathing sounds (stridor) Chills, shaking Cyanosis (blue skin coloring) Drooling Difficulty breathin
of cartilage at the back of the tongue that closes off the windpipe when swallowing. It keeps food from entering the airways, s
piglottitis is at risk.
symptoms of epiglottitis, including sudden breathing difficulties, excessive drooling, and irritability.
proper treatment, the outcome is usually good.
ected and show symptoms many times. Symptoms usually develop within a few days (1-10 days) after you are infected with E.
Escherichia coli (E. coli). Although there are strains of E. coli that normally inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract in all humans
ble symptoms. As the malignant tumors grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Dysphagia: Th
occurs most often in men over 50 years old.There are two main types of esophageal cancer that exist: squamous cell carcinoma
isk of esophageal cancer. These risk factors are outlined below:Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): In some people, acid c
er develop. If you are experiencing one or several of the following symptoms, you should seek urgent medical care as soon as p
The size and location of the tumorThe stage of the cancer: Whether it affects part of the esophagus, invades the whole esophag
especially in patients whom immunity is decreased (HIV or patients on chemotherapy).
ndida. A small amount of this fungus lives in your mouth and mucous membranes most of the time. It is usually kept in check b
st risk of having esophageal candidiasis. Also people with impaired motility of the esophagus that causes food stagnation there
nt but due to decreased immunity, there is a chance of recurrence. The
inflamed. Ulcers may form. Symptoms may include:Difficulty swallowing Painful swallowing Heartburn (acid reflux) Hoarseness
ning fluid from the stomach to the esophagus, a condition called gastroesophageal reflux. An autoimmune disorder called eosin
rette smoking Surgery or radiation to the chest (for example, treatment for lung cancer) Taking certain medications without ple

gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, urinary tract, or skin Bleeding from the gums Bleeding (prolonged) from surgical proc
platelets. If untreated, this condition gets worse over time. Because these platelets do not work normally, bleeding is a common
g that continues longer than it should. You notice chest pain, leg pain, confusion, weakness, numbness, or other new symptoms
without complications and have a normal lifespan. In a small number of people, complications from bleeding and blood clots ca
t Shooting pains Faster heart rate Malaise Ulcers from mucous membraneIn autoimmune hemolytic anemia the following may
k, armpits or groin Unexplained weight loss Fever Coughing, trouble breathing or chest pain Weakness and tiredness that don't
l, called a T cell or B cell, becomes abnormal. The cell divides again and again, making more abnormal cells. These abnormal ce
ease like cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. Some risk factors are modifiable and some are nonmodifiable. Ha
acial nerve paralysis may show the following signs:Change in the appearance of the faceFacial droop, paralysis in one side Diffic
trauma. Nervous system disease, such as Millard-Gubler syndrome Infection in the ear or face, such as Ramsey-Hunt syndrome
ve paralysis. Early treatment is helpful to cure your changes in the face.
rson. It depends on:The underlying cause: Prognosis of patients with facial nerve paralysis caused by tumors is poorer than oth
head circumference that do not match standard growth charts.The person's weight falls lower than 3rd percentile (as outlined
maller or shorter than other children the same age. Teenagers may have short stature or appear to lack the usual changes that o
child does not seem to be developing normally.
s determined and can be corrected, normal growth and development will resume.If failure to thrive is prolonged, the effects m
mation in the lining of the abdominal cavity, chest cavity, skin, or joints occurs, along with high fevers that usually peak in 12 to
on in the MEFV gene. This gene creates proteins involved in inflammation.The condition usually affects people of Mediterranea
ptoms of this condition.
people continue to have attacks, but the number and severity of attacks is different from person to person.
y and onset. The onset is then sudden. The usual symptoms include:Chest pain Tachypnoea, even breathlessness Fever Petech
res Joint reconstruction Liposuction Cardiopulmonary bypass Decompression sickness Parenteral lipid infusion
den. If you experience blunt trauma, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute pancreatitis, burns, fractures, joint reconstruction or liposu
edical problems Patient's general condition such as age, physiologic reserves. Whether the patient is accompanied with compli
nt with fatty liver. They often learn about their fatty liver when they have medical tests for other reasons. With the disease dev
riglycerides Alcohol abuse Rapid weight loss Malnutrition

cohol abuse. The prognosis of many patients with fatty liver is good. Only 10% of the patients will progress to cirrhosis.Templat
mptoms:Poor growth while the baby is in the womb and after birth Decreased muscle tone and poor coordination Delayed deve
risks as using alcohol in general. However, it poses extra risks to the fetus. When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, it easily pa
re drinking alcohol regularly or heavily, and are finding it difficult to cut back or stop.Also, call if you are drinking alcohol in any
pending on the extent of symptoms, but almost none have normal brain development.Infants and children with fetal alcohol sy
ld symptom s, while other women have more severe, debilitating symptoms. Common symptoms for uterine fibroids include:H
L2, DICER1, STK11 are involved
s related to several factors. It is estimated that up to 70 percent of women develop uterine fibroids. They are usually found in w
If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:A large amount of bleedin
rs. Asymptomatic fibroids may not require treatment. Myomectomy (surgical removal of a uterine fibroid) may be performed to

r not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The stage of the cance r: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outs
nd legs Arthritis in older patients, sometimes causing trouble walking Low fever Cold symptoms
This virus infects only humans. Parvovirus B19 has been found in the respiratory secretions (e.g., saliva, sputum, or nasal mucu
ome immunized against the virus. Because the virus is so common, most people acquire immunity in childhood. The disease is
mong children and adults who are otherwise healthy. Joint pain and swelling in adults usually resolve without long-term disabili

extremities) Scrotal swelling Cough Fever Malaise Headache Chills Subcutaneous lumps Itching Inflammation of the lymphatics
round worms. They include:Brugia malayi Brugia timori Loa loa Mansonella ozzardi Mansonella perstans Mansonella streptocer
ded to get lymphatic filariasis. People living for a long time in tropical or sub-tropical areas where the disease is common are at
oms of the filariasis as: Filarial fever Elephantiasis Scrotal swelling Subcutaneous lumps
severely disabled with genital damage or elephantiasis.
s Peptic ulcer Poor growth Swollen tongue
he body break down, use, and create new proteins. The vitamin helps form red blood cells and produce DNA, the building block
the tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:A nodule, lump, or swelling in the neck Pai
er risk. People who received radiation therapy as children are at increased risk of developing follicular thyroid cancer. Other ris
thyroid cancer is related to several factors.A diet low in iodine: Clinical survey shows follicular thyroid cancers are more comm
wing:The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the thyroid gland Whether or not th
ange between 2 and 12 days.The disease is characterized by high fever that declines rapidly after two or three days; blisters ins
contact with infected animals, but this is extremely rare. Some cases were caused by laboratory accidents. Because the virus th
ssure increases in the gallbladder and one or more symptoms may occur. Symptoms of blocked bile ducts are often called a gal
n who are pregnant, use hormone replacement therapy, or take birth control pills People over age 60 American Indians Mexica
he above symptoms associated with gallstone disease.
The chance of symptoms or complications from gallstones is about 20%. Nearly all patients (99%) who have gallbladder surger
to brownish-red. If you press on the swollen area with your fingers, you may feel gas as a crackly sensation. The edges of the in
t often caused by a bacteria called Clostridium perfringens. However, it also can be caused by Group A streptococcus. Staphyloc
ttention.Call your heath care provider if you have signs of infection around a skin wound. Go to the emergency room or call the
t is often deadly.
Fever and chills Headache Vomiting
h adults and children. Many types of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. The most common ones are: Astrovirus Enteric adenovir
tly in both children and adults.
several days or if dehydration occurs. You should also contact your doctor if you or your child has these symptoms:Blood in th
me severely ill from dehydration caused by diarrhea.
cial environment. They may include the following:Children:Are disgusted by their own genitals Are rejected by their peers, feel
mselves as members of the opposite sex.The disorder may affect:Choice of sexual partners Display of feminine or masculine ma
ve symptoms of this disorder and want help, especially with anxiety and depression.

n, even when there is little or no cause. Worries seem to float from one problem to another, such as family or relationship prob
nes may play a role. Stress may also contribute to the development of GAD.Anyone can develop this disorder, even kids. Most p
anxious and it interferes with your daily activities.
on. GAD may continue and be difficult to treat. However, most patients get better with a combination of medication and behav
n, even when there is little or no cause. Worries seem to float from one problem to another, such as family or relationship prob
nes may play a role. Stress may also contribute to the development of GAD.Anyone can develop this disorder, even kids. Most p
anxious and it interferes with your daily activities.
on. GAD may continue and be difficult to treat. However, most patients get better with a combination of medication and behav
hich include:Dehydration Diarrhea Gas or flatulence Greasy stool that can float Headache Loss of appetite Low-grade fever Stom
ed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage.It can be contracted by drinking wa
packing-related disease and is sometimes called "Beaver Fever," anyone can get giardiasis. People more likely to become infec
dice)Note: Jaundice typically appears during times of exertion, stress, not eating, and infection.
ian populations. The condition is usually noncancerous (benign).
t abdominal pain.
ng illnesses such as colds. However, it usually does not cause health problems.
ring and after surgery Bleeding gums Bruising easily Heavy menstrual bleeding Nosebleeds that do not stop easily Prolonged bl
mally on the surface of platelets. This substance is needed for platelets to clump together to form blood clots.The condition is
of an unknown cause Bleeding does not stop after usual treatments
You should take special steps to try to avoid bleeding if you have this condition.Anyone with a bleeding disorder should avoid
r bruise to a life-threatening hemorrhage. It may include any of the following manifestations:Easily bruising (76.6%) Nosebleeds
a (ITG αIIbβ3) is qualitative or quantitative disorder. The autoantibodies production is the main cause of acquired Glanzmann's
n acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia include:Hematologic disorders and malignancies, such as:Autoimmune diseases such as
ave a chronic disorder and you develop symptoms of Glanzmann thrombasthenia
the mortality rate of patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is relatively low
disease present.Open-angle glaucomaMost people have no symptoms until they begin to lose vision Gradual loss of peripheral
s. However, before reviewing them, a brief overview of the anatomy of the eye may be helpful in understanding the causes of
gher risk than others. The most important risk factor for glaucoma is ocular hypertension. Individuals at a higher risk of develop
udden loss of vision, especially loss of peripheral vision.Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have risk
erve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to blindness.The outlook of the disease varies by type: Open-angle glau
ne (dark, rust-colored, or brown urine) Foamy urine (due to excess protein in the urine) Swelling (edema) of the face, eyes, ankl
 s immune system. Often, the exact cause of glomerulonephritis is unknown. Damage to the glomeruli causes blood and protein
lymphatic system disorders Exposure to hydrocarbon solvents History of cancer Infections such as strep infections, viruses, hea
ases your risk of glomerulonephritis You develop symptoms of glomerulonephritis
y get worse. Progressive glomerulonephritis may lead to:Chronic kidney failure Reduced kidney function End-stage kidney disea
ase until their red blood cells are exposed to certain chemicals in food or medicine, or to stress.Symptoms are more common in
ve enough of an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which helps red blood cells work properly.Too little G6PD
American Are of Middle Eastern decent, particularly Kurdish or Sephardic Jewish Are male Have a family history of the deficien
ave symptoms of this condition.Call your health care provider if you have been diagnosed with G6PD deficiency and symptoms

occur they may include:A visible swelling at the base of your neck, the size may range from a single small nodule to large neck l
r include:A lack of dietary iodine: Epidemical data show that people living in areas lack of iodine and not getting enough iodine
order. Follow the health care provider's recommendations for follow-up visits.
outcome of goitre caused by the thyroid cancer is worse than prognosis caused by other diseases, such as Graves' disease, Hash
t.Sudden onset of a hot, red, swollen joint. The base of the big toe is most common affected, but other joints of the feet, ankles
hol abuse Foods that are rich in purines, such as salmon, sardines, organ meats, asparagus, mushrooms and herring. Medicatio
ble. Early treatment may relieve pain and control inflammatory reaction.
er the patient is treated early Whether the patient maitains a healthy lifestyle.
sed, nontender plaques or nodules on skin and painful gums which bleed easily with tooth brushing and other minor trauma.

uble vision Eyeballs that stick out (exophthalmos) Eye irritation and tearing Fatigue Frequent bowel movements Goiter Heat int
m. It is located in the front of the neck just below the voice box. This gland releases the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothy
’ disease, but they believe factors such as age, sex, heredity, and emotional and environmental stress are involved.Graves’ dise
disease. Also call if your eye problems or general symptoms get worse (or do not improve) with treatment.Go to the emergenc
eathing difficulties such as:Grunting noises Flaring of the nostrils Rapid breathing Short periods without breathingIrregular hear
hat may travel to different body organs. Group B streptococcal septicemia is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae
l septicemia:History of giving birth to a baby with GBS sepsis Mother who has a fever (over 100.4 degrees F) during labor Moth
the baby is still in the hospital.However, if you have a newborn at home who shows symptoms of this condition, seek immedia

eathing difficulties such as:Grunting noises Flaring of the nostrils Rapid breathing Short periods without breathingIrregular hear
hat may travel to different body organs. Group B streptococcal septicemia is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae
the baby is still in the hospital.However, if you have a newborn at home who shows symptoms of this condition, seek immedia

ffect only in children. Until recently, few people realized the importance of growth hormone to an adult body.Growth hormone
amus or pituitary Any damage to pituitary, such as tumor, surgery or radiation therapy for brain tumor Head injury or trauma Is
ormone deficiency if your child seems abnormally.
start to treat the children: The earlier the condition is diagnosed and treated, the better the chance may be for the child. Patien
ake only a few hours to reach the most severe symptoms, but weakness increasing over several days is also common. {{#ev:yo
s immune system attacks itself). Exactly what triggers Guillain-Barré syndrome is unknown. The syndrome may occur at any age
,000 people, develop GBS each year in the US. Most cases of GBS tend to occur for no known reason, and true “clusters” of cas
ymptoms:Can't take a deep breath Decreased feeling (sensation) Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing Fainting Loss of mov
over completely. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, about 30% of patients still have som
t symptoms depending on which part of the body is affected. The most common severe types of H. influenzae disease are:Pneu
emophilus influenzae. There are six identifiable types of H. influenzae (a through f) and other non-identifiable types (called non
t) Fatigue Feeling full after eating only a small amount Recurrent infections and fevers Swollen lymph glands Weakness Weight
"hairy" under the microscope because they have fine projections coming from their surface.HCL can lead to low numbers of no
the survival of patients with hairy cell leukemia. Most patients with hairy cell leukemia can expect to live 10 years or longer aft
or high, or coming down from such drugs as marijuana, LSD, cocaine (including crack), PCP, amphetamines, heroin, ketamine,
y should get checked by a health care professional right away. Many medical and psychiatric conditions that can cause hallucin
esent at any time from birth to middle age but usually early in life.
ue, although the underlying reasons for the abnormality are not fully understood. They grow along with, and at the same rate a
h as Cowden's disease, tuberous sclerosis, and Proteus syndrome.
he size of the hamartoma with regular x-rays.Reasons for a biopsy or removing the nodule may include:Smoking. The nodule siz
e to their location.
rst. As the disease slowly progresses, the thyroid usually enlarges and may cause the front of the neck to look swollen. The enl
gland disorder. It can occur at any age, but is most often seen in middle-aged women. It is caused by a reaction of the immune
men than men. Although it often occurs in adolescent or young women, the disease more commonly appears between 40 and
oat that does not go away Trouble swallowing A change or hoarseness in the voiceOther symptoms may include the following:
wing tobacco” or “snuff”) and alcohol use are the most important risk factors for head and neck cancers, particularly those of th
dy, it is crucial to see a doctor right away if any of the aforementioned symptoms arise.
al and oral cavity) have high cure rates, up to 50% of head and neck cancer patients present with advanced disease. Cure rates
n Headache Nausea and vomiting that continues to get worse Pain in the upper right part of the abdomen Blurry vision Noseble
me occurs in about 1 to 2 out of 1,000 pregnancies, and in 10-20% of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia or eclampsia.M
our obstetrician immediately Call the local emergency number (such as 911) Get to the emergency roomAlthough there is no kn
develop serious complications. Without treatment, a small number of women die.The death rate among babies born to mothe
ms may be different for men and women. Hemochromatosis can be hard to identify because early symptoms are similar to tho
any genes. Genes can sometimes change (or mutate) in ways that keep them from working properly.Hereditary hemochromat
re at the greatest risk for developing hemochromatosis. Although both men and women can inherit the gene defect, men are m
or if you have a close blood relative who has hemochromatosis, you should ask your health care provider to check the amoun
red, one can expect to live a normal, healthy life. If organ damage has occurred, the prognosis depends on how damage the or
pallor) Rapid heart rate Shortness of breath Yellow skin color (jaundice)
ncrease production to make up for the premature destruction of red blood cells. If the bone marrow is able to keep up with the
evelop symptoms of hemolytic anemia.

elling under the surface of the skin) Enlarged liver or spleen Hydrops (fluid throughout the body's tissues, including in the space
mother and baby have different blood types. The mother produces substances called antibodies that attack the developing bab
s, the baby has no symptoms of the disease. In other cases, it can lead to death of the baby before or shortly after birth.It can b
oody. Within a week, the person may become weak and irritable. Persons with this condition may urinate less than normal. Uri
ntestinal infection with E. coli bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7). However, the condition has also been linked to other gastroin
of acute kidney failure in children. Several large outbreaks in 1992 and 1993 were linked to undercooked hamburger meat con
. Emergency symptoms include:Blood in the stool No urination Reduced alertness (consciousness)Call your health care provide
ause death. With proper treatment, more than half of patients will recover. The outcome is better in children than adults.
o unnoticed until later in life, when they occur during surgery or after trauma.In more severe cases, serious bleeding may occu
elp the blood clot. This is called the coagulation cascade. The process involves special proteins called coagulation factors. When
es. However, some patients have major bleeding events, most commonly bleeding into the joint spaces.A small percentage of
of the disease and sometimes, although not always, occurs if an infant is circumcised.Additional bleeding problems are seen wh
with the defective gene located on the X chromosome. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, so if the factor VIII/ IX
Being male
d bleeding disorder, he or she will undergo a series of tests called a coagulation study. Once a disorder has been identified, oth
me apparent early on.Bleeding is the main symptom of the disease and sometimes, although not always, occurs if an infant is c
with the defective gene located on the X chromosome.Females have two copies of the X chromosome, so if the factor IX gene
Being male
er develop A family member has been diagnosed with hemophilia B If you have hemophilia B, and you plan to have children; ge
hemophilia are able to lead relatively normal lives. A small number of people develop inhibitors of factor IX, and may die from
ay begin suddenly and be severe from the start. Symptoms may be mild at first. Family members or caregivers may notice that
iver. These include disorders that reduce liver function (such as cirrhosis or hepatitis) and conditions in which blood circulation
other nervous system problem occurs, particularly if there is a known or suspected liver disorder. Hepatic encephalopathy can r
s of the disorder often keep getting worse or continue to come back.Both forms may result in irreversible coma and death. App
n function, depending on their location. Most cavernous hemangiomas do not produce symptoms. In rare cases, a cavernous h
mor of the liver. It is believed to be a birth defect.Hepatic hemangiomas can occur at any time, but are most common in people
s a cure, even if the child has heart failure.
 ause long-term disease (chronic hepatitis). In some instances, it may lead to liver damage, liver failure, or even liver cancer. Th
the liver and causing autoimmune hepatitis Infections from viruses (such as hepatitis A, B, or C), bacteria, or parasites Liver dam
from one type of hepatitis to another.Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E
me of the symptoms described above.Your doctor will discuss possible treatments with you, depending on the cause of your liv
more information on Outlook/Prognosis of other types of hepatitis, please see:Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D H
ywhere from 15 to 50 is usual). Symptoms of hepatitis A range from mild to severe. Some patients, often young children, have n
us is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route; that is when an uninfected person ingests food or water that has been conta
n contract hepatitis A. In areas where the virus is widespread (high endemicity), most hepatitis A infections occur during early c
, who can preform a blood test to confirm HAV and help prevent the spreading of the disease to others. An injection is typically
eeks. Hepatitis A infection can cause the liver to swell, but does not cause chronic liver disease and is rarely fatal, but it can cau
e infection phase. After first becoming infected with the hepatitis B virus:You may have no symptoms You may feel sick for a pe
demic areas, HBV is most commonly spread from mother to child at birth, or from person to person in early childhood.Perinata
chronic depends upon the age at which a person becomes infected. Children less than 6 years of age who become infected wi
atitis B Hepatitis B symptoms do not go away in 2 or 3 weeks, or new symptoms develop You belong to a high-risk group for hep
usually returns to normal within 4 - 6 months in almost all patients who are infected. Some people develop chronic hepatitis.Al
me patients, and the pain is usually related to tumoral hemorrhage. Right upper quadrant abdominal fullness or discomfort is
tive medications The causal relationship is proportional to the hormonal dose and duration of medication, highest in women ov
ellular adenoma is use of oral contraceptive medications.Drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol Norethindrone acetate and Ethinyl
en diagnosed, the discontinuation of oral contraception or androgen intake leads to regression of hepatocellular adenoma. In c
ay persist for a long time in a newborn
European heritage. It is more common in people of African and Mediterranean descent.
r family has had it.
ave jaundice that doesn't go away or symptoms of anemia or gallstones.
and are unaware of their condition.
pale coloring (pallor).Other symptoms may include:Fatigue Irritability Shortness of breath Weakness
n an abnormal red blood cell membrane. The affected cells have a smaller surface area for their volume than normal red blood
his disorder.This disorder is most common in people of northern European descent, but it has been found in all races.
toms get worse, do not improve with treatment, or if you develop new symptoms.
s removed, the life span of the red blood cell returns to normal.
e may be discomfort or pain. The discomfort may be worse when you stand, strain, or lift heavy objects.Although a hernia may o
as occur with heavy lifting. Hernias may be present at birth, but the bulging may not be noticeable until later in life. Some patie
contents cannot be pushed back into the abdomen using gentle pressure. You develop nausea, vomiting, or a fever along with

mptoms occur, they usually experience the symptoms like those of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or its complications.
age. Pregnacy: Intra-abdominal forces exerted in pregnancy. Persistent and intense pressure on the surrounding muscles, such
elop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Bleeding in your upp
gnosis of hiatus hernia depends on the complications.
er birth Malabsorption Poor weight gain Slow growth (child 0-5 years) Swollen belly Vomiting Watery diarrhea (in the newborn)
rough the intestine. This is called peristalsis. Trigger of the contractions are nerves among the muscle layers.In Hirschsprung's d
ales) Congenital condition (e.g., Down Syndrome).
ng's disease developed.Call your child's health care provider if your child has abdominal pain or other new symptoms, after be
er surgical treatment. A better outcome is associated with early treatment and shorter bowel segment involvement.
evel and can be successful socially and at work.Symptoms include:Acting or looking overly seductive Being easily influenced by
ildhood events are thought to contribute.It occurs more often in women than in men, although it may be diagnosed more often

y and sometimes medications. If left untreated, it can cause conflict in people's personal life and prevent them from reaching th
t do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. These are called opportunistic infections. People with A
you can get the virus. You can get HIV:By having unprotected sex- sex without a condom- with someone who has HIV. The virus
d), drug addicts. Sexual partners of those who engage in high risk behavior like anal sex and share needle for drug use. Children
ld consult a doctor and get tested if they believe they have it. If you are diagnosed with AIDS, you should be in constant contac
 ment is provided. In the US, most patients survive many years after diagnosis because of the availability of medicines such as H
ody that cannot be explained Loss of appetite Soaking night sweats Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, o
lymphoma is related to several factors.Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection/Mononucleosis: The role of EBV in the development o
oma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Hyperpyrexia
of cancer, especially if it is diagnosed and treated early. Unlike other cancers, Hodgkin's disease is often very curable, even in it
all, are not obvious.Symptoms may occur as mildly delayed development or failure to thrive. Increasing visual problems may le
ve trait. This means that the child must inherit the non-working gene from both parents to be seriously affected.Homocystinuri
symptoms of this disorder, particularly if there is a family history of homocystinuria. Also call if you have a family history and a
can help about half of people affected by the condition.If the diagnosis is made while a patient is young, starting a low methio
nia may be mental changes or confusion. Other symptoms are:A cough that may produce mucus -like, greenish, or pus-like phl
germs. Hospital-acquired pneumonia tends to be more serious than other lung infections because:Patients in the hospital are o
Long-term lung damage may occur.
ays after coming in contact with the virus. Older children usually have only mild, cold-like symptoms, such as cough, stuffy nose
ections in infants and young children. Most infants have had this infection by age 2. Outbreaks of RSV infections most often beg
g near tobacco smoke Having school-aged brothers or sisters Living in crowded conditions
ping symptoms of the illness.
is unlikely if the child is seen by a health care provider in the early stages of the disease. More severe RSV disease may occur in
can include:Antisocial behaviors Hallucinations Irritability Moodiness Restlessness or fidgeting Paranoia PsychosisAbnormal and
er in 1872.Huntington's disease is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome #4. The defect causes a part of DNA, called a CAG

e.Persons with this disease usually die within 15 to 20 years. The cause of death is often infection, although suicide is also comm
out half of cases Smaller-than-expected growth in about a third of casesNausea and vomiting that may be severe enough to req
us). The outcome after treatment is usually excellent.Close follow-up is essential. After treatment, you should use very effective
ke a water balloon. A hydrocele may occur on one or both sides.
velopment, the testicles descend down a tube from the abdomen into the scrotum. Hydroceles result when this tube fails to clo
he condition generally affects men older than 40. The risk factors are:Scrotal injury Infection, including sexually transmitted dis
ave symptoms of hydrocele (to rule out other causes of a testicle lump).Acute pain in the scrotum or testicles is a surgical emer
gery is necessary, it is a simple procedure for a skilled surgeon, and usually has an excellent outcome.
nd usually depend on age, severity, and cause.Infants:Bulging soft spot (fontanelle) Larger than normal head size Seizures Vomi
ounds the brain and spinal cord and creates a cushion between the brain and the skull. Normally the CSF flows in and around t

alus or see any of the signs or symptoms listed above. Hydrocephalus is a severe condition that could result in death if left untr
results in death. Prognosis is also poor for individuals with brain tumors or severe infections.Even individuals that recover from
may cause:Liver swelling Change in skin color (pallor)More severe forms may cause:Breathing problems Bruising or purplish br
ne. The exact cause depends on which form a baby has.Immune hydrops fetalis is a complication of a severe form of Rh incomp
re or after delivery.The risk is highest among the most premature babies and those who are severely ill at birth.
:Diarrhea Gastrointestinal discomfort Itchy anus Poor appetite Weakness
thern United States. Insects eat the eggs of these worms.Humans and other animals become infected when they intentionally o
n United States, in crowded environments and in people who were confined to institutions. However, the disease occurs throu
cramping are present.

ght loss Lightheadedness or fainting

ckness, particularly during the first 3 months of pregnancy.The cause of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is believed to b
ere nausea and vomiting.
pregnancy and goes away by the second half of pregnancy.With proper identification of symptoms and careful follow-up, this
linism may show symptoms as following:Hunger Sweating Weakness Palpitations Diplopia, blurred vision Headache, dizziness E
s which is an organ in the abdomen that can make insulin to regulate blood sugar level. Patients with insulinoma can produce t
develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Confusion Stupor
Outcomes from benign insulinoma may be better than cancerous insulinoma. But sometimes hopoglycemia may be fatal.
smus) in some children Eye strain Headache while readingMild farsightedness may not cause any problems except for a need f
 ehind the retina rather than directly on it. It may be caused by the eyeball being too small or the focusing power being too wea
halmologist if symptoms of farsightedness develop and you have not had an eye examination recently.Also, call if vision begins

nderness Decreased height Depression Fatigue Fractures of long bones Increased urine output Increased thirst Itchy skin Joint p
d to the back side of the thyroid gland. They produce parathyroid hormone, which controls calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D
ave symptoms of hyperparathyroidism.

uction of growth hormone and abnormal hormone excretion controlled by the pituitary, such as prolactin and thyroid hormon

arism, see your doctor to determine the cause. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical car
ffected.Whether the patient has been treated with surgery to remove the tumor. For hyperprolactinemia: The undetectable lev
n and the pressure of the tumor in or around the pituitary gland. Usual signs and symptoms include:Headache Vision loss Sexu
onic renal failure Polycystic ovary syndrome Stress Certain medications, including commonly prescribed antidepressants, anti-p
ay demonstrate elevated prolactin level, low testosterone level and low FSH and LH levels. Cranial MRI or CT scan: In these ima
erprolactinaemia.

may have coronary artery disease at an early age.

ch is passed on in an autosomal dominant fashion. This means that if you get a bad copy of the gene from just one of your pare
reased risk of having the condition.
may have coronary artery disease at an early age.
artery disease and pancreatitis. Losing weight and keeping diabetes under control helps improve the outcome.
atigue Low blood pressure Lightheadedness Palpitations Muscle weakness Anorexia Weight loss Salt craving Dizziness
ey and adrenal glands. Some drugs which can block the action of hormone renin or aldosterone may also lead to hypoaldostero
m include: Diabetes mellitus Sickle cell anemia HIV Graves' disease Hypoparathyroidism Hypopituitarism Myasthenia gravis Per
the symptoms associated with hypoaldosteronism. This is especially important if you experience any of the symptoms of low bl

erlying kidney or adrenal gland condition at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis of hypoaldosteronism may vary. Prognosis is g
worries. They often believe any symptom or sensation is a sign of a serious illness.They seek out reassurance from family, frien
health. They have an unrealistic fear of having a serious disease. This disorder occurs equally in men and women.The way peop
s of hypochondria.
l factors or mood and anxiety disorders are treated.
nstruation and breast development during childhood Short height Loss of menstruation, decreased libido, hot flashes, loss of b
such as Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome. Infectionin sex glands Surgery or radiation therapy in sex glands Brain diseases
r health care provider to identify the cause.
nts have a good prognosis after treatments.
as in the fingertips, toes and lips Muscle aches or cramps, twitching or spasms, even seizure Palpitation Fatigue or weakness Pa
Radiation therapy of face or neck Low levels of magnesium in your blood A family history of hypoparathyroidism
ns, such as low levels of blood calcium, blood magnesium and parathyroid hormone, a high level of blood phosphorus. Electroc
sm develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Palpitation Se
ent is diagnosed and treated early. If the patient is diagnosed and treated early, outcome may be good and the body grows nor

ismAntacidsCertain medicines including acetazolamide, foscarnet, imatinib, pentamidine, and sorafenibFanconi syndromeStarv

he urethra is located near the tip of the penis on the underside. More severe forms of hypospadias occur when the opening is
he cause is unknown.
amilies in some cases.
th. Call your health care provider if you notice that your son's urethral opening is abnormally located or that his penis becomes
rgery is needed to correct fistulas or a return of the abnormal penis curve.
erson. Usual symptoms are the following:Fatigue and weakness Weight gain Puffy face Cold intolerance Joint and muscle pain
 gical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland Radiation therapy of the thyroid Some medications, such as amiodarone, propy
ppear. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible.Chest pain Palpitati
s treated or not. In most cases, thyroid levels return to with proper treatment. Whether the complication such as myxedema c
uble vision (diplopia) Nausea Vision lossSymptoms may get worse during physical activity, especially when you tighten the stom
y in obese women who are about to go through menopause. It is rare in infants, but can occur in children.The cause is unknow
he symptoms listed above.
hs. About 10-20% of persons have their symptoms return. A small number of patients have symptoms that slowly get worse and
nce for activity Shortness of breath during activity (this symptom lasts for months or years, and over time may also occur when
ople get it. It causes the lungs to become scarred and stiffened. This stiffening may make it increasingly difficult to breathe. In s
evelop a regular cough or shortness of breath.
osteroids or cytotoxic drugs, but in most people the disease can get worse even with treatment. This worsening can happen qui
Bloody urine that starts during or soon after a respiratory infection Repeated episodes of dark or bloody urine Hand and feet sw
pathy (Berger's disease) occurs when too much of this protein is deposited in the kidneys. IgA builds up inside the small blood v
n affects males in their teens to late 30s. IgA nephropathy is a genetic disorder, so anyone with a family history of the disorder
r urine output decreases.
progress at all. High blood pressure, large quantities of protein in the urine, and increased BUN or creatinine levels (blood tests
minal pain and cramping Breath odor Constipation Inability to pass gas Vomiting
, is one of the major causes in infants and children. Causes of paralytic ileus may include:Bacteria or viruses that cause intestina
ave a swollen abdomen (distention) that does not go away Keep vomiting
me the cause is easily treated.
Rapid heart rate Shortness of breath
st the body's own red blood cells. The antibodies destroy the blood cells because the immune system mistakenly recognizes the

or chest pain, or signs of infection.

main mild and not need specific treatment.In most people, steroids or splenectomy can control anemia.In others, treatment can
ose Infant appears floppy Infant doesn't gag Loss of head control Paralysis that spreads downward Poor feeding and weak suck
mon in nature. The spores may be found in soil and certain foods (such as honey and some corn syrups).Infant botulism occurs
contaminated soil, and having less than one stool per day for a period greater than 2 months.
ncy room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) immediately if your infant has symptoms of botulism.
treatment.Death or permanent disability may result in complicated cases.
may include:Blue or patchy (mottled) skin color, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing (signs of immature lungs or heart failure) New
effects on their infants. Infants born to mothers who have diabetes are generally larger than other babies. They may have large
testing will show if you develop gestational diabetes.If you are pregnant and have diabetes that is difficult to control, call your
diabetes has decreased the number and severity of problems in infants born to mothers with diabetes.Usually, an infant's symp
h they may not be seen for several hours. Symptoms may include:Bluish color of the skin and mucus membranes (cyanosis). Brie
eloped.The disease is mainly caused by a lack of a slippery, protective substance called surfactant, which helps the lungs inflate
y is still in the hospital. If you have given birth at home or outside a medical center, seek emergency attention if your baby deve
o 4 days after birth with slow improvement thereafter. Some infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome will die, althoug
nant. Specific symptoms depend on what is causing the infertility.Infertility can cause many painful emotions in one or both par
tility. Infertility may be due to problems in the woman, man, or both.FEMALE INFERTILITY:Female infertility may occur when:A f
re unable to get pregnant.
become pregnant without treatment.More than half of couples with infertility become pregnant after treatment, not including
mping that usually disappears after a bowel movement Abdominal sounds (a gurgling or splashing sound heard over the intestin
nown. It may affect any age group, although there are peaks at ages 15 - 30 and then again at ages 50 - 70.The disease usually b
tory of ulcerative colitis Jewish ancestry Smoking Age: it usually occurs in people 15-30 and then again at ages 50-70
f you experience any of the symptoms associated with Inflammatory bowel disease.
a, and other socially unacceptable symptoms, it is rarely fatal on its own. Fatalities due to complications such as toxic megacolo
106 °F. (An adult typically has a lower fever than a child.) The fever usually lasts for a day or two, but can last 5 days.Other comm
y winter and early spring. Influenza B can appear at any time of the year.
y develops symptoms of the flu, or if your illness seems severe.
but those at highest risk include:People over age 50 Children between 6 months and 2 years Women more than 3 months pre
th problems include:Asthma or other lung problems Diabetes HIV/AIDS Heart disease
ng tired during the day or falling asleep during the day Not feeling refreshed when you wake up Waking up several times during
known physical or mental condition.Insomnia is caused by many different things. The most common causes of insomnia are:Alc

ase it is progressive despite of the lifestyle changes then seek medical help.It is important to remember that your health is not a
s Dizziness Headache Hunger Loss of consciousness Rapid heart rate Sweating Tremor Weight gain
nzymes and hormones, including the hormone insulin. Insulin's job is to reduce the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood by help
nsulinoma. Convulsions and decreased consciousness are an emergency -- call 911 or your local emergency number.
Surgery can cure most patients. But a severe hypoglycemic reaction may be life-threatening for some patients.
e. People may breathe faster or need to take deep breaths.At first, shortness of breath is not severe and you may only notice it
is absorbed. These air sacs open up or expand with each breath.The tissue around these air sacs is called the interstitium. In pe
efore. You cannot get a deep breath, or need to lean forward when sitting. You are having headaches more often. You feel slee
e cause, and how severe the disease was when it was first diagnosed.
be.The measurement from the mother's pubic bone to the top of the uterus will be smaller than expected for the baby's gesta
n (IUGR).An unborn baby may not get enough oxygen and nutrition from the placenta during pregnancy because of:High altitud
Alcohol abuse Clotting disorders Drug addiction High blood pressure or heart disease Kidney disease Poor nutrition Smoking
e that the baby is moving less than usual.Also call your health care provider if your infant or child does not seem to be growing
ds on the severity and cause of IUGR.The baby's outlook should be discussed with your obstetrician and pediatrician.
n in premature infants may include:Breathing pauses (apnea) Changes in blood pressure and heart rate Decreased muscle tone
or such bleeding. The smaller and more premature the infant, the higher the risk for IVH. This is because blood vessels in the br
r being diagnosed with an IVH. The doctor will check the child's developmental and make sure the bleeding has not damaged th
nd if there is brain swelling. Severe bleeding may lead to developmental delays and problems controlling movement.
me, symptoms are mild at first and develop slowly. Symptoms may include:Feeling grumpy Feeling weak or tired more often th
atient information}|anemia.Red blood cells bring oxygen to the body's tissues. Healthy red blood cells are made in your bone m
ave symptoms of this disorder You notice blood in your stool
does depend on the cause. Usually, blood counts will return to normal in 2 months.
ry pale whites of eyes Blood in the stools Brittle nails Decreased appetite (especially in children) Fatigue Headache Irritability Pa
ou get iron through certain foods, and your body also reuses iron from old red blood cells.Iron deficiency (too little iron) may be
fants younger than 12 months who drink cow's milk rather than breast milk or iron-fortified formula Young children who drink
s, the blood counts will return to normal in 2 months. It is essential to determine the cause of the iron deficiency.You should co
nd are replaced by new ones. The liver removes the old blood cells, forming bilirubin. The liver helps break down bilirubin so th
ck of development at puberty and absence of secondary sexual characteristics such as pubic, facial, and underarm hair Short st
GFR1, PROKR2, and PROK2 cause Kallmann syndrome.
ndrome. Hormone tests: Hormones such as estrogen, FSH, LH or testosterone, and thyroid, prolactin are needed to check to he
ms of Kallmann syndrome.
rty and fertility may be recoverd.
Extreme jaundice Absent startle reflex Poor feeding or sucking Extreme sleepiness (lethargy)Mid stage:High-pitched cry Arched
a yellow pigment that is created in the body during the normal recycling of old red blood cells. High levels of bilirubin in the bo

ny infants with late stage nervous system complications die.

flank (side of the abdomen) or abdomen, which may extend to the groin or down the leg Sweats
that start in the bladder, spread to the kidney, and then spread to the area around the kidney. Other causes of perirenal absce
at block the flow of urine and provide a place for an infection to grow. Bacteria tend to stick to the stones and antibiotics can't k
ones and develop:Abdominal pain Burning with urination Chills Fever Urinary tract infection
should lead to a good outcome. Kidney stones must be treated to avoid further infections.In rare cases, the infection can spread
r grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Hematuria (blood in the urine)Lower back pain on on
do know that certain risk factors are linked to the disease which are listed below
cer is related to several factors.Genetic and hereditary risk factorsVon Hippel-Lindau disease Hereditary papillary renal cell car
velop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe low back pai
he tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the kidneys. The individual's response to treatment
go away suddenly:Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back Pain may move to groin area (groin pain) or testicles (te
in substances. These substances can create small crystals that become stones.Kidney stones may not produce symptoms until t

y stone.Also call if symptoms return, urination becomes painful, urine output decreases, or other new symptoms develop.
body without causing permanent damage. They tend to return, especially if the cause is not found and treated.
y include:Abnormal body proportions (long legs, short trunk, shoulder equal to hip size) Enlarged breasts (gynecomastia) Sexual
our genes and DNA, the building blocks of the body. The two sex chromosomes determine if you become a boy or a girl. Female
amily history of the syndrome is at risk.
does not develop secondary sexual characteristics at puberty.A genetics counselor can provide information about this conditio

o are between 3 and 7 years of age. For no apparent reason, these children begin having trouble understanding what is said to
nd speech. The disorder usually occurs in children between the ages of 5 and 7 years. Typically, children with LKS develop norm
ymptoms in your child.
ren may have a permanent severe language disorder, while others may regain much of their language abilities (although it may
ptoms listed below, or many of the symptoms. Symptoms can range from mild to severe.Children with a receptive language dis
inning at birth. To develop language, a child must be able to hear, see, understand, and remember. Children must also have the
e is delayed should see their primary care provider. Ask about getting a referral to a speech and language therapist.Children wh
tructural problems generally have a poor outcome, in which the child will have long-term problems with language. Other, more
f the fetus in the uterus and the infant after birth.LGA refers to a fetus or infant who is larger than expected for the age and ge
age are:Gestational diabetes Prolonged pregnancy
atureShort hands and short feet Unusual facies: Prominent forehead, deep-set eyes, blue sclera, saddle nose and depressed no
on syndrome is associated with gene mutations in growth hormone receptor.
GH), insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-I), insulinlike growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), basal GH, and GH binding protein (G

very important.
blood Difficulty swallowing Hoarseness that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks Neck pain Sore throat that does not get better in
oat cancer. Excessive alcohol use also increases risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol combined lead to an increased risk for throa
n are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancers.
ancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks You find a lump in your
y. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer h

lungs (trachea). The larynx contains the vocal cords. When the vocal cords become inflamed or infected, they swell. This can ca
ng has difficulty breathing, swallowing, or is drooling A child less than 3 months old has hoarseness Hoarseness has lasted for m

blood Difficulty swallowing Hoarseness that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks Neck pain Sore throat that does not get better in
oat cancer. Excessive alcohol use also increases risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol combined lead to an increased risk for throa
n are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancers.
ancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks You find a lump in your
y. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer h
pically improve in another 4 - 5 days. Symptoms may include:Chest pain Coughing up blood Fever Gastrointestinal symptoms, s
in water delivery systems. They can survive in the warm, moist, air conditioning systems of large buildings, including hospitals.
they have been reported in children. Typically, the disease is less severe in children. Risk factors include:Alcoholism Cigarette
ve any type of breathing problem.
higher in patients with other diseases. The death rate for patients who develop Legionnaires' disease while in the hospital is clo
he tumor. For the tumors always develope in gastrointestinal tract and uterus, usual symptoms are the following.A new lump th
rcoma is related to radiation exposure. Other causes are not known for certain.
develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdomina
e following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the sarcoma: the size of the tumor, whether the
 and may include:Dry cough Fever Headache Muscle pain Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Shaking chillsLess common symptoms
een contaminated by animal urine. The infection occurs in warmer climates.Leptospirosis is not spread from person to person, e
ater contaminated with the urine of infected animals. Many different kinds of animals carry the bacterium; they may become s
, or risk factors for, leptospirosis.
n be life threatening if it is not treated promptly.
welling in some of their joints. In some cases, kidney and bladder stones develop because of the high uric acid levels.Males wit
y occurs in boys. Persons with this syndrome are missing or are severely lacking an enzyme called hypoxanthine guanine phosp
our child or if there is a history of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in your family.
sually require assistance walking and sitting and generally need a wheelchair to get around.
welling in some of their joints. In some cases, kidney and bladder stones develop because of the high uric acid levels.Males wit
y occurs in boys. Persons with this syndrome are missing or are severely lacking an enzyme called hypoxanthine guanine phosp
our child or if there is a history of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in your family.
sually require assistance walking and sitting and generally need a wheelchair to get around.
ome pneumonias you may cough up greenish or yellow mucus, or even bloody mucus) Fever, which may be mild or high Shakin
each year in the United States. Germs called bacteria, viruses, and fungi may cause pneumonia.Ways you can get pneumonia in
neumonia) include:Cigarette smoking Recent viral respiratory infection (common cold, laryngitis, influenza) Difficulty swallowin
hortness of breath, shaking chills, or persistent fevers Rapid or painful breathing A cough that brings up bloody or rust-colored
derly or debilitated patients may need longer treatment.Those who may be more likely to have complicated pneumonia include
epending on the location, following symptoms may be found.Swelling/Lump at any part of your body. It may be soft or firm and
n arise after a trauma, a benign lump may also cause liposarcoma
veral factors.Radiation: People who have been exposed to radiation therapy for other types of cancer such as lymphoma, breas
es in diagnosing the disease. A deep seated large swelling which is firm and fixed to underlying structure should arise suspicion
u experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdominal painHemorrh
owing:The patient’s general healthType of liposarcomaLocation of the liposarcomaHow fast it is growing or dividingThe stage o
oms of listeriosis may be seen in the first few days of life and may include: Loss of appetite Lethargy Jaundice Vomiting Respirat
abies can be born with listeriosis if their mothers eat contaminated food during pregnancy. However, healthy persons may cons
th the bacteria if they come in contact with contaminated soil or manure. Raw milk or products made from raw milk may carry
sick with fever and muscle aches or stiff neck consult your doctor. A blood or spinal fluid test (to look for the bacteria) will sho

high death rate. Healthy older children and adults have a lower death rates.Even with prompt treatment, some listeriosis cases
hills Loss of appetite Nausea, vomiting Pain in right upper abdomen (more common) or throughout the abdomen (less common
bdominal infection such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, or a perforated bowelInfection in the bloodInfection of the bile draining
s disorderSevere abdominal painConfusion or decreased consciousnessPersistent high feverOther new symptoms during or afte
or death is higher in people who have many liver abscesses.
r is yellow Trouble breathing or catching your breath Fast breathing Noisy breathing (wheezing)
by coughing,they gets accumulated in lungs and results in the followingDamage to the lung tissue Cause an infection Leading t
lcohol or drugs Have problems with swallowing, for example because of a stroke or brain damage Have certain conditions affec
abscess You have lung abscess and the symptoms continue despite treatment
ancer grows, common symptoms may include:A cough that gets worse or does not go away Breathing trouble, such as shortnes
omen. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than breast, colon, and prostate cancers combined.Lung cancer is more comm
bacco smoke: Tobacco smoke causes most cases of lung cancer. It's by far the most important risk factor for lung cancer. Harm
e a doctor to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
wing:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer
. As the mass increases in size, lymphangioma patients may develop site-specific symptoms, such as:Dysphagia Difficulty breath
groma usually presents in syndromes such as Turner syndrome and Down syndrome. Therefore it is thought that the lymphatic
ma is the presence of genetic disorders such as Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, and Noonan syndrome.
eathing Difficulty swallowing

, difficulty breathing, and cough.

uise mark, a purplish discoloration Tender skin nodule in the extremity
ical mastectomy.
rdiovascular diseases, and hypertension are at highest risk of developing lymphangiosarcoma.
e threatening symptoms due to lymphangiosarcoma.

g in contact with the bacteria. Symptoms include:Small painless ulcer on the male genitalia or in the female genital tract Swellin
ection of the lymphatic system caused by three different types of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. The bacteria spread thro
th America. Every year, a few hundred cases of LGV are diagnosed in the United States. However, the actual number of infectio
someone who may a sexually transmitted disease, including LVG. Also call if symptoms of LVG develop.

k, armpits or groin Unexplained weight loss Fever Coughing, trouble breathing or chest pain Weakness and tiredness that don't
l, called a T cell or B cell, becomes abnormal. The cell divides again and again, making more abnormal cells. These abnormal ce
ease like cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. Some risk factors are modifiable and some are non modifiable. H
se progresses, central vision may be affected. It is very important to note that macular degeneration typically does not affect si
blood vessels that supply the macula. Although scientists are not sure what causes this to happen, the change in the blood ves
may occur during middle age, studies show that people over age 60 are at greater risk than other age groups. For instance, a la
recommend that you check your vision every day on an Amsler grid. Call your provider immediately if the lines appear wavy, or
disabling central vision loss. However, there is no way to predict who will progress to a more severe form of the disease.The w
r life, and those around you.People who have depression usually see everything with a more negative attitude, unable to imag
believe it is caused by chemical changes in the brain. This may be due to a problem with your genes, or triggered by certain str
mmediate call your local emergency number (such as 911) or go to the hospital emergency room.You may also call a suicide ho
g antidepressants for a few weeks. However, many people need to take the medicine for 4 - 9 months to fully feel better and p
ndition. It may start slowly or quickly, depending on the type of disease. Fatigue (feeling tired) occurs with malaise in many dise
nd medications that can cause malaise:SHORT-TERM (ACUTE) INFECTIOUS DISEASEAcute bronchitis or pneumonia Acute viral sy
with the malaise.Malaise lasts longer than one week, with or without other symptoms.
Chills Sweating Headache Nausea and vomiting Body pain JaundiceThe classically described progression of the disease, is as foll
type of mosquito which feeds on humans. The disease may be transmitted from one human to another by the bite of infected
e who live in countries where malaria is endemic. People who live in countries where malaria is not endemic, may also get the
aria manifest while traveling to a country where malaria is endemic Travelers who become ill with a fever or flu -like illness, eith
and proper treatment.The prognosis of Falciparum malaria is poor due to the severity of the disease.
s often have history of nonbloody vomiting, retching, or coughing.
en increase in intraabdominal pressure. Anything that leads to forceful and lengthy vomiting or coughing. can cause these tea
you pass bloody stools.
od. Cirrhosis of the liver and problems with blood clotting make future bleeding episodes more likely to occur.
e that smells like maple syrup Vomiting
Persons with this condition cannot break down the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. This leads to a b
SUD and are planning to start a family. Also call immediately if you have a newborn who has symptoms of maple syrup urine dis
ary treatment, stressful situations and illness can still cause high levels of certain amino acids. Death may occur during these ep
ns are reported in the United States. Because healthcare providers are not required to report these illnesses and because many
ever and flu-like symptoms including nausea and vomiting Itching Nipple discharge (may contain pus) Nipple sensation changes
cus aureus) found on normal skin. The bacteria enter through a break or crack in the skin, usually on the nipple.The infection ta
tis that are not related to breastfeeding might be a rare form of breast cancer.
e becomes reddened, tender, swollen, or hot You are breastfeeding and develop a high fever The lymph nodes in the armpit be

ected by this disorder do not yet have sufficient speech and language skills to tell someone what is bothering them. Common s
er or during middle ear infection. The causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aur
young children Attending daycare Changes in altitude or climate Cold climate Exposure to smoke Genetic factors (susceptibility
ove within 24 to 48 hours with antibiotic therapy At the start, the child seems sicker than just an ear infection Your child has a h
ns such as intracranial extension and permanent neurological deficits or death. The consequences of mastoiditis have been redu
mild to severe Passing of blood in the stoolSymptoms often occur during the first few years of life, but may not start until adult
e unborn baby's digestive tract that were not fully reabsorbed before birth. Approximately 2% of the population has a Meckel's
od or bloody stool or complains repeatedly of abdominal discomfort.

s the tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:A nodule, lump, or swelling in the neck Pa
risk factors are a family history of medullary thyroid cancer and chronic goiter. There are several types of medullary thyroid can
y thyroid cancer is related to several factors.A diet low in iodine: Clinical survey show medullary thyroid cancer are more comm

owing:The stage of cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the thyroid gland Whether or not the t
anial pressure and impairment of cerebellum.Headache Nausea and vomiting papilledema Diplopia Ataxia Horizontal nystagmu

develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe headach
pends on the following:Whether or not the cancer can be removed by surgery The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, wh
s may be very mild.More typical symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia include:Diarrhea or constipation Fatigue, lack of e
acid or vitamin B12.Other less common causes are:Alcohol abuse Certain inherited disorders Drugs that affect DNA, such as che

rieve memories. Damage or malfunction of any of these areas can lead to memory loss.Memory loss due to problems with spec

grows, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Changes in vision, such as seeing double or blurrinessHeadac

ma is related to several factors.Radiation treatment: Clinical data suggests that head radiation therapy increase the risk of devel
nd a small, slow-growing meningioma without any signs or symptoms may not require treatment. But call your health care prov
ection during surgery and the histological grade of the tumor. A poorer survival rate may be seen in patients of advanced age, m
eningitis, fungal meningitis and non-infectious meningitis. General speaking, symptoms of bacterial meningitis usually appear s
of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults in the United States. Other bacterium include group B streptococci, haemop
ngitis, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible.
diagnosed and treated early. The origin of the infection: Viral meningitis is usually not serious, and symptoms will disappear w
k of muscle tone, floppiness (hypotonia) Low body temperature Mental deterioration Pudgy, rosy cheeks Seizures Skeletal chan
e defect makes it hard for the body to distribute and absorb copper. As a result, the brain and other parts of the body do not ge
istory of the disease is at risk.
Menkes syndrome and you plan to have children. A baby with this condition will often show symptoms early in infancy.

commonly, it slowly stops over time. During this time, the menstrual periods generally become either more closely or more wi
e ages of 45 and 55.Once menopause is complete (called postmenopause) and you have not had a period for 1 year, you are no
n periods You have had 12 consecutive months with no period and suddenly vaginal bleeding or spotting begins again, even if i
enstrual bleeding. This is called dysfunctional uterine bleeding.Other causes of abnormal menstrual bleeding include:Endometr
very hour for 2 - 3 hours. Your bleeding has lasted longer than 1 week. You are pregnant or could be pregnant. You have severe
e to meet the markers of intellectual development Inability to meet educational demands at school Lack of curiosityNote: Chan
e are many causes of mental retardation, but doctors find a specific reason in only 25% of cases.A family may suspect mental r

our child's development You notice that your child's motor or language skills are not developing normally Your child has other
onal motivation TreatmentMany people lead productive lives and function on their own; others need a structured environment
r grows larger, people may notice one or more of the symptoms.Mesothelioma that affects the pleura can cause:Chest pain Sh
the biggest risk factor. Asbestos was once commonly found in insulation, ceiling and roofing vinyls, cement, and automotive br
cer is related to several factors.Asbestos: Doctors found most cases of mesothelioma have been linked to asbestos exposure in
velop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe chest pain A
ds on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, wheth
se deficiency) include:Bluish coloring of the skinSymptoms of type 2 methemoglobinemia (generalized reductase deficiency) in
or congenital). Or, it is caused by exposure to certain drugs, chemicals, or foods (acquired).There are two forms of inherited me
ethemoglobinemia and you develop symptoms of this disorder.Call your health care provider or emergency services (911) imme
 ease usually do well. Type 2 methemoglobinemia is much more serious, and usually causes death within the first few years of l
ne levels Inflammation or infection of the cervix (cervicitis) Injury or disease of the vaginal opening (caused by intercourse, infe
unexplained bleeding between periods There is any bleeding after menopause There is heavy bleeding with periods Abnormal
ice Petechia Purpura Mucosal bleeding Oliguria Neurological involvement
eases including:Aortic stenosis Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Hemolytic uremic syndrome Disseminated intravascular
nical suspicion should be given immediate treatment.
w at a normal rate. Skull growth is determined by brain growth. Brain growth takes place while in the womb and during infancy.
-baby examinations when the infant's height, weight, and head circumference is measured. If you suspect your infant's head siz
re acute respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Some people were reported as initially hav
y Syndrome Coronavirus” (MERS-CoV).MERS-CoV has been shown to spread between people who are in close contact. Transm
h as cough or shortness of breath, within 14 days after traveling from countries in the Arabian Peninsula or neighboring countri

ger.Headache: Headache caused by migraine is ususally described as moderate to severe, intense, throbbing or pounding pain w
netics and environmental contribute to the cause. The following factors make you more prone to having migraines.A family his
e" You have speech, vision, or movement problems or loss of balance, especially if you have not had these symptoms with a m
uency with treatments.
s. Symptoms can include:Cough Fatigue Fever General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Shortness of breath Sweati
sprayed into the air from a cough or sneeze by someone infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Small areas of
have been exposed to TB. All forms of TB and exposure need prompt evaluation and treatment.

to the opposite side the next month, or it may be felt on the same side for several months in succession.Symptoms include low
th ovulation. The pain may occur just before, during, or after ovulation.There are several explanations for the cause of this pain
tion pain seems to change, lasts longer than usual, or occurs with vaginal bleeding.
gn of disease. In fact, women who feel this pain may be at an advantage when planning or trying to avoid pregnancy. Mittelscm
nd headache, followed by a rash. The rash may appears genital area (perianal, scrotum and lining of the penis) but also in any p
scovered in 1958. The first human reported case was in 1970.Animal-to-human: The virus can be acquired through exposure to
engage in unprotected sexual activities Persons who have close physical contact with infected person Daily exposure or comple
have complaints (including ulcers) in the anal and genital area.
4 weeks. In certain cases, monkeypox may lead to serious complications.
mptoms are typically for 2-3 weeks, although fatigue can take longer.The main symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are:Sore t
with saliva, hence the colloquial name "kissing disease". Sharing eating utensils is another way to transmit mononucleosis.Con
Epstein-Barr virus, a herpes virus.90% of adults have been exposed to the mononucleosis, many as little children, when no sym

nd spleen heal in 4 weeks. Fatigue usually goes away within a few weeks, but may linger for 2 to 3 months.
at least some nausea, and about a third have vomiting.Morning sickness usually begins during the first month of pregnancy an
ed by hormone changes or lower blood sugar during early pregnancy.Emotional stress, fatigue, traveling, or some foods can m
trying home remedies. Nausea and vomiting continue beyond your 4th month of pregnancy. This happens to some women and
on a marble'' Persistent pain in the ball of your foot that: Increases when wearing shoes or pressing on the area Gets worse ove
xact cause is unknown. However, some experts believe the following may play a role in the development of this condition:Abno
gling in your foot or toe area
rgery to remove the thickened tissue is successful in about 85% of cases.
ss, although some groups are at higher risk:Children aged 2–12 years are especially susceptible, but infants and toddlers seem
kness or paralysis affecting one side of the body Seizures Disturbed consciousness Speech deficits (usually aphasia) Sensory and
sease is the result of inherited genetic abnormalities
the above listed symptoms
sease will experience mental decline and multiple strokes because of the progressive narrowing of arteries. Without treatment
y glands present with painless swelling of the parotid, submandibular, or the sublingual glands. Neurological signs, such as num

a cause of salivary gland cancer, the etiology of most salivary gland cancers cannot be determined
al factor to determine the outcome of salivary gland cancer and may be more important than histologic grade
dy tissues. This can damage organs, including the heart. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include:Abnormal fe
ucopolysaccharidosis and are considering having children. Your child begins to show symptoms of mucopolysaccharidosis.
nosis is usually poor if the disease has an early onset and is severe.
t can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, the kidneys, or the spine. Common symptoms include:Feelings of si
ycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to anti- TB drugs. This resistance can occur when drugs are misused or mismanaged: When
heir TB medicine regularly Do not take all of their TB medicine as told by their doctor or nurse Develop TB disease again, after h
en exposed to someone with TB disease, you should contact your doctor or local health department about getting a TB skin tes

berculosis susceptible to common treatment. Therefore it is mandatory to perform a drug susceptibility test and to monitor ad
mall stroke.The symptoms of the disorder may begin suddenly after each stroke. Some peole with MID may appear to improve
e of dementia (after Alzheimer's disease) in people over age 65. MID affects men more often than women. The disorder usually
the arteries (atherosclerosis) High blood pressure (hypertension) Smoking StrokeSymptoms of dementia in any one person ma
a occur.Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if there is a sudden change in mental statu
e disorder will generally get worse over time.
land is involved. They may include:Abdominal pain Anxiety Black, tarry stools Bloated feeling after meals Burning, aching, or hu
a protein called menin. The condition causes tumors of various glands to appear in the same person, but not necessarily at the s
docrine neoplasia is family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia.
or have a family history of this condition.
nign), but some pancreatic tumors may become cancerous (malignant) and spread to the liver. These can lower life expectancy
hydration Lethargy Depression Confusion Anorexia
rine glands and the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. Genetic mutations is speculated to be the cause of the disea
oplasia Two or more organ systems tumor involvement
s complications.
of the tumors are benign while some pancreatic tumors may become cancerous and lower life expectancy.
in Abdominal pain Nervousness Pallor Irritability Headache Sweating Weight loss Palpitations Tremor Insomnia Constipation Le
at causes tumors in the endocrine glands. Genetic mutations of RET gene is speculated to be the cause of the disease.
more organ systems tumor involvement

gnosed. Early diagnosis and treatment is associated with better prognosis.

n from the attention associated with playing the ill patient or victim. Signs and symptoms that may suggest Munchausen syndro
person may have received a lot of attention because of their illness Chronic illness of a significant family member when the per

o not fit together well. The child's symptoms improve at the hospital but reappear at home. The parent is overattentive or "too
ild by seeking unneeded medical attention for the child. It is rare and poorly understood. The cause is unknown.The mother ma
he child is treated for various symptoms.If you find that you have urges to harm your child, seek psychiatric care immediately.
mation available about the best types of treatment or what the outcome will be. It usually requires years of psychiatric suppor

ncluding metabolic, neurologic, primary muscular diseases, and toxic disorders.Addison's disease Hyperparathyroidism Low sod
Sudden weakness, particularly when it is in one area and not accompanied by other complaints, such as fever Sudden weaknes
the touch, swollen, and/or painful. Infected areas can also develop boils or pus-filled vesicles. Other signs of M. abscessus infe
e ones that cause tuberculosis and leprosy. It is part of a group known as rapidly growing mycobacteria and is found in water, s
propriate skin disinfection may be at risk for infection by M. abscessus. Rarely, individuals with underlying respiratory conditio
ly progressive symptoms.
eously or following surgical debridement. The majority of pulmonary M. abscessus infection are chronic and incurable. When p
1 to 3 weeks. They may become more severe in some people.Common symptoms include the following:Chest pain Chills Cough
aused by the bacteria M. pneumoniae. This type of pneumonia usually affects people younger than 40. Various studies suggest
evelop a fever, cough, or shortness of breath. While there are numerous causes for these symptoms, you will need to be check
ough antibiotics may speed recovery. In untreated adults, cough and weakness can persist for up to a month.
uising Easy bleeding Fatigue Increased likelihood of getting an infection Pallor Shortness of breath with exercise Weight loss Los
ells are immature cells in the bone marrow that give rise to all of your blood cells. Your blood is made up of:Red blood cells (wh
toms of this disorder develop. Uncontrolled bleeding, shortness of breath, or jaundice that gets worse, need urgent or emergen
h severe anemia. Low platelet count leads to easy bleeding. Spleen swelling may slowly get worse.The average survival of peop
tired and weak. Pale skin. Easy bruising or bleeding. Petechiae (flat, pinpoint spots under the skin caused by bleeding). Pain or a
work or in the environment. Being exposed to radiation. Past treatment with certain anticancer drugs.

CMML depend on the following:The number of white blood cells or platelets in the blood or bone marrow. Whether the patient
the muscle to quickly relax after contracting. For example, after a handshake, the person is only very slowly able to open and p
e. It is passed down from either one or both parents to the children (inherited).Myotonia congenita is believed to be caused by
as the condition is genetic.
otonia congenita.
hen a movement is first started. After a few repetitions, the muscle relaxes and the movement becomes normal. Symptoms ma
Gets worse with sudden movement Lasts for a few minutes to several hours, may come and go Dizziness Hearing loss in one o
ge in fluid volume within the fluid-filled tubes of the inner ear. These tubes are called semicircular canals, or labyrinths, and, al
ness Respiratory infection Smoking Stress Use of certain medications, including aspirin
toms of Meniere's disease, such as hearing loss, ringing in the ears, or dizziness, occur or worsen.
with treatment. Recovery may occur spontaneously. However, the disorder may be chronic or disabling.
ere can be more than one.
e glands can become covered by a type of skin cells called squamous epithelium. When this happens, the secretions build up in

ncephalitis (PAM), a brain infection that leads to the destruction of brain tissue. In its early stages, symptoms of PAM may be s

es, the majority of infections have been caused by Naegleria fowleri from warm freshwater located in southern-tier states. The
evelop a sudden onset of fever, headache, stiff neck, and vomiting, particularly if they have been in warm freshwater recently.
ticism with rage, shame, or humiliation Take advantage of other people to achieve his or her own goals Have excessive feelings
ersonality and parenting problems may affect the development of this disorder.

ay. You may feel a strong urge to sleep, often followed by a short nap (sleep attack).These periods last for about 15 minutes eac
Anxiety does not cause narcolepsy.Experts believe that narcolepsy is caused by reduced amounts of a protein called hypocretin,
psy Narcolepsy does not respond to treatment, or you develop other symptoms
ess, but it may be dangerous if episodes occur during driving, operating machinery, or similar activities. Narcolepsy can usually
Abdominal distention Blood in the stool Diarrhea Feeding intolerance Lethargy Temperature instability Vomiting
al wall dies and the tissue falls off. The cause for this disorder is unknown. However, it is thought that a decrease in blood flow t
fants Infants who are fed concentrated formulas Infants in a nursery where an outbreak has occurred Infants who have receive
y in an infant that has recently been hospitalized for illness or prematurity, go to the emergency room or call the local emergen
approaching 25%. Early, aggressive treatment helps improve the outcome.
Abdominal distention Blood in the stool Diarrhea Feeding intolerance Lethargy Temperature instability Vomiting
al wall dies and the tissue falls off.The cause for this disorder is unknown. However, it is thought that a decrease in blood flow t
y in an infant that has recently been hospitalized for illness or prematurity, go to the emergency room or call the local emergen
approaching 25%.Early, aggressive treatment helps improve the outcome.
Seizures Very ruddy (red) skin color
ls (RBCs) in the infant's blood,, called the hematocrit, is greater than 65%. This may result from various conditions that develop
ose who receive treatment for severe hyperviscosity.Some children may have mild changes in neurological development. Paren
h they may not be seen for several hours. Symptoms may include:Bluish color of the skin and mucus membranes (cyanosis). Brie
eloped.The disease is mainly caused by a lack of a slippery, protective substance called surfactant, which helps the lungs inflate
y is still in the hospital. If you have given birth at home or outside a medical center, seek emergency attention if your baby deve
o 4 days after birth with slow improvement thereafter. Some infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome will die, althoug
:Body temperature changes Breathing problems Diarrhea Low blood sugar Reduced movements Reduced sucking Seizures Slow
), Listeria, and certain strains of streptococcus, may cause neonatal sepsis.Early-onset neonatal sepsis most often appears with
f neonatal sepsis.
ctions will recover completely with no remaining problems. Nevertheless, neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of infant death. The
rder of involvement is spinal cord and roots (60%) cranial nerve (35%) and cerebral hemisphere (15%) Documented spinal cor
the CNS Cancer from a distant source enter the CSF by means of the following: Hematogenous Spread from a distant primary t
y for NM. ER-, PR-positivity in beast cancer increases incidence of neoplastic meningitis. Triple negative breast cancer and the H
ymptoms of increased intracranial pressure, cardiorespiratory distress and sudden onset neurological deficiets should seek urge
on the source of primary tumor, but generally median survival rate without treatment is limited to 1 to 2 months. With treatm
face, eye socket, legs, arms, hands, feet, abdomen, or other areas Blood in the urine (urine appears dark, tea colored, or cloudy
nse that is triggered by an infection or other disease.Frequent causes in children and adolescents include the following:IgA nep

ephritic syndrome.
en the condition improves, symptoms of fluid retention (such as swelling and cough) and high blood pressure may go away in 1
e and around the eyes. In the arms and legs, especially in the feet and ankles In the belly area (swollen abdomen)Other sympto
e kidney glomeruli) or secondary (from an external insult to the kidney). Primary cause of Nephrotic Syndrome is often referred
nephrotic syndrome occur.Call your health care provider if nephrotic syndrome persists or if new symptoms develop, including
m or chronic and unresponsive to therapy. The cause and development of complications also affects the outcome.
ending on where the disease first started and how much it has spread to other parts of the body. Usual symptoms include:Irrit
rmalities in the DNA of neuroblasts.
evelop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Abdominal pain in
following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the ca
n Headache Incontinence Inability to walk Irritability Numbness in the toes, feet, or legs Poor concentration Seizures Stiff neck T
hat cause syphilis. It usually occurs about 10 - 20 years after a person is first infected with syphilis. Not everyone who has syphil
ave had syphilis in the past and now have signs of neurological problems.
ow well you do depends on how severe the neurosyphilis is before treatment.
may include:Abdominal (belly area) swelling within 3 - 6 months Cherry red spot in the eye Feeding difficulties Loss of early mo
dy lack an enzyme called acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). ASM helps break down (metabolize) a fatty substance called sphingomy
ve a family history of Niemann-Pick disease and you plan to have children. Genetic counseling and screening is recommended.C
to death by age 2 or 3.Those with Type B may live into late childhood or adulthood.A child who shows signs of Type C before a
nti-malaria drugs (quinine compounds) Arsenic Dapsone Intravenous water infusion (not half-normal saline or normal saline) M
t go away and gets worse over time Constant chest pain Coughing up blood Shortness of breath, wheezing, or hoarseness Repe
d drinking water that has a high level of arsenic can increase your risk of lung cancer. A history of radiation therapy to the lung
s slowly. In some cases, it can grow and spread quickly and cause rapid death. The cancer may spread to other parts of the bod
nlargement Pain in the upper right abdomen Yellowing of the skin and eyes Enlargement of spleen
lances Oxidative stress - A imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to counteract or detox
ance Patients with metabolic syndrome
atient experinence abdomen swelling. Pain in the right upper quadrant.
he extent of the fibrosis and cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. The presence of fibrosis and cirrhosis as
eople may notice one or more of the following symptoms as the tumor developing or when detected by regular examinations:F
s. They help prevent infections. Most lymphomas start in a type of white blood cells called B lymphocytes, or B cells.For most p
kin lymphoma is related to several factors.Immune system deficiency: People with weakened immune systems, such as people
phoma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Hyperpyr
prognostic system for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This system uses 5 factors:Age Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level Performanc
me infected and show symptoms many times. Symptoms usually develop within hours or a few days after you are infected with
Norwalk-like viruses" because Norwalk is the most well-known virus in this group. Now the viruses are referred to as noroviruse
e disorder (OCD). However, people with OCD have unwanted thoughts, while people with OCPD believe that their thoughts are
milies, so genes may be involved. A person's childhood and environment may also play roles. This condition can affect both me
ctionism is interfering with your job or relationships.
disorder tends to be better than that for other personality disorders.The rigidness and control of OCPD may prevent many of th
or drug use Obsessions or compulsions that cause major distress or interfere with everyday lifeThere are many types of obsessi
as once thought. Most people who develop it show symptoms by age 30.It is generally agreed that neurotransmitters,biological
 ymptoms interfere with daily life, work, or relationships.
ptoms followed by times of improvement. However, a completely symptom-free period is unusual. Most people improve with t

on how long you have been exposed to a specific agent. Most people with this occupational lung disease are older than 50. Sm
evelop symptoms of occupational lung disease.
es disability or death. The complicated form may cause shortness of breath that gets progressively worse.
Abdominal massOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of th

gent medical care as soon as possible:Large hematuria

ctomy is an effective treatment for oncocytoma. After surgery, the outcome is good for patients.
a (episodes of stopped breathing) are usually present.Often patients themselves do not complain of shortness of breath during
arbon dioxide levels are high, there is a signal from the brain to breathe more deeply or more quickly. In people with primary a
toms of this disorder develop.Seek urgent medical care if bluish skin (cyanosis) occurs.

occur as a sign of reduced brain function or injury to the nervous system.Other causes may include:Arnold-Chiari syndrome (a p
an in adults. It is also more exaggerated in infants and children because of their less mature nervous systems.
er (such as 911) if this symptom occurs. Typically opisthotonos is a symptom of other conditions that are serious enough for a p
gry and resentful of others Argues with adults Blames others for own mistakes Has few or no friends or has lost friends Is in con
s have shown that it affects 20% of school-age children. However, most experts believe this figure is high due to changing defin
child's development or behavior.

he optic nerve and nearby structures. Symptoms may include:Involuntary eyeball movement One or both eyes may bulge outw
Most optic gliomas are slow-growing and noncancerous (benign) and occur in children, almost always before age 20. There is a
ss bulging of your eye forward, or other symptoms of this condition.
ance of a good outcome. Many tumors are curable with surgery, while others return.Normally, the growth of the tumor is very
edged crack in the tissue Most often pale colored, may be dark or discolored On the tongue, lip, or other mouth area Usually p
e tongue. It may also occur on the floor of the mouth, cheek lining, gums (gingiva), or roof of the mouth (palate).Most oral can
ental and oral hygiene
utine cleaning and examination.Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have a lesion of the mouth or lip o
an 5 years after diagnosis and treatment. If the cancer is detected early, before it has spread to other tissues, the cure rate is ne
the tongue. Underneath the whitish material, there is red tissue that may bleed easily. The lesions can slowly increase in numb
mount of this fungus lives in your mouth most of the time. It is usually kept in check by your immune system and other types o
mal in infants unless it lasts longer than a couple of weeks. Candida can also cause yeast infections in the vagina. People who ha
sistent with thrush for at least 2 weeks. Your infant is eating poorly due to the lesions. You are a teen or adult with lesions that
of discomfort, it can interfere with eating. If it does not resolve on its own within 2 weeks, call your pediatrician. In adults, thrus
ulcer. In general, symptoms may include:Open sores in the mouth Pain or discomfort in the mouth
ker sores Gingivostomatitis Herpes simplex (fever blister) Leukoplakia Oral cancer Oral lichen planus Oral thrushThe skin lesion

mouth ulcers don't go away after 3 weeks. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if mouth ulcers return freque
mouth ulcers are harmless and heal without treatment. There are types of cancer, however, that may first appear as a mouth
pper and lower eyelid, and possibly the eyebrow and cheek Bulging eyes Decreased vision Eye pain, especially when moving the
s complications.Bacteria from a sinus infection (often Haemophilus influenzae) usually cause this condition in children. Orbital
ment. Call your health care provider if there are signs of eyelid swelling, especially with a fever.

rain syndromes cause:Agitation Confusion Long-term loss of brain function (dementia) Severe, short-term loss of brain function
auma:Bleeding into the brain (intracerebral hemorrhage) Bleeding into the space around the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage
organic brain syndrome and you are uncertain about the exact disorder. You have symptoms of this condition. You have been
g-term or get worse over time.
blood Difficulty swallowing Hoarseness that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks Neck pain Sore throat that does not get better in
oat cancer. Excessive alcohol use also increases risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol combined lead to an increased risk for throa
n are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancers.
ancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks You find a lump in your
y. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer h
malaise) Local swelling, redness, and warmthOther symptoms that may occur with this disease:Chills Excessive sweating Low b
ngi (less common). Infection may spread to a bone from infected skin, muscles, or tendons next to the bone, as in osteomyeliti
cent trauma People who have had their spleen removed are also at higher risk for osteomyelitis.
omyelitis You have osteomyelitis and the symptoms continue despite treatment
good. The outlook is worse for those with long-term (chronic) osteomyelitis, even with surgery. Amputation may be needed, e
t, and may have been occurring for some time. If the tumour is large, it can appear as a swelling. The affected bone is not as str
ighest during the teenage "growth spurt." Children with osteosarcoma are usually tall for their age. Radiation to bones: People
of the above mentioned symptoms.
far the cancer has spread in the body and what specific type of cancer it is. You should talk to your doctor about your specific c
pain Ear itching Ear canal swelling Ear canal redness and pressure Fluid discharge Scaley skin in the ear canal Partial hearing los
rnal ear:Bacterial and fungal infections from trapped water in the ear canal. Spread of skin conditions such as eczema. Allergies
mates. People with allergies or inflammation -based skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis. People who use ear plugs or o
omes severe. Fever or flu -symptoms develop. It becomes difficult to swallow or to move the neck or jaw. It becomes difficult t
treatment. Recurring episodes may require treatment to resolve symptoms permanently. Malignant otitis externa has a poor p
ffected by this disorder do not yet have sufficient speech and language skills to tell someone what is bothering them. Common
become swollen or blocked causes more fluids to build up in the middle ear behind the eardrum. These causes include:Allergie
ections: Immune systems are not fully developed. Smaller and straighter eustachian tubes are more prone to clogging. Larger a
ove within 24 to 48 hours At the start, the child seems sicker than just an ear infection Your child has a high fever or severe pain
tis media from infection will usually go away naturally within two weeks. Otitis media from non-infectious causes with fluid buil
the ears (tinnitus) Vertigo or dizzines
evidence that it may be passed down through families. People who have otosclerosis have an abnormal sponge-like bone grow
elop fever, ear pain, dizziness, or other symptoms after surgery
e at least some of your hearing. Pain and dizziness from the surgery usually go away within a few weeks.To reduce the risk of c
or grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Heavy feeling in pelvis Pain in lower abdomen Bleed
ncer is related to several factors.Some drugs or treatment protocols: Recent studies show that fertility drugs, androgens and es
evelop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:A large amount of b
ther or not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has sprea
r, they are typically pain or a late period.An ovarian cyst is more likely to cause pain if it:Becomes large Bleeds Breaks open Is b
gg is developing) grows on your ovary. Most months, an egg is released from this follicle (called ovulation). If the follicle fails to
ave symptoms of an ovarian cyst You have severe pain You have bleeding that is not normal for youAlso call for an appointmen
go away.There is a higher risk of cancer in women who are postmenopausal.
vaginal bleeding after menopause.
ent options)The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:The type of cancer The size of
men with the condition have mild symptoms such as:Abdominal bloating Mild pain in the abdomen Weight gainIn rare cases, w
n undergoing fertility treatments are given medicines to help normalize egg development or increase egg production.However,
wing symptoms:Excessive weight gain (more than 5 pounds a day) Severe abdominal pain Nausea so intense that you can't kee
ruation starts. If you have a more severe case, it can take several days for symptoms to improve. If you become pregnant durin
in the back Abdominal swelling (distention) Nausea or vomitingThese symptoms will only occur if you develop pancreatitis from
reas. In many cases this defect goes undetected and causes no problems. The cause of the defect is unknown. As a baby develo
evelop symptoms of this disorder.

e early pancreatic cancer often does not cause symptoms. But, as the cancer grows, symptoms may include:Pain in the upper a
an seldom explain why one person gets pancreatic cancer and another does not. However, it is clear that this disease is not con
octor asks about the patient's medical history. The doctor may perform a number of procedures, including one or more of the
perienced any of the above mentioned symptoms.
s, which peak within 10 minutes.Panic attack symptoms can include:Chest pain or discomfort Choking Dizziness or faintness Fe
e happened in the past, panic may be a learned behavior.Agoraphobia sometimes occurs when a person has had a panic attack
ave symptoms of panic attacks.
erapy. However, without early and effective help, the disorder may become more difficult to treat.
0 - 20 minutes. Some symptoms may continue for an hour or more.A panic attack may be mistaken for a heart attack.Panic atta
t that if one identical twin has panic disorder, the other twin will also develop the condition 40% of the time. However, panic d
attacks are interfering with your work, relationships, or self-esteem.
people with this disorder may not be cured with treatment. However, most people get better with a combination of medicine
nt with any symptoms, as the tumor grows larger people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:A nodule, lump, o
ertain genetic mutations are suspected to be associated with the disease. People who have had radiation therapy to the neck a
thyroid cancer is related to various factors, such as:A diet low in iodine: papillary thyroid cancers are more common in regions

wing:The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the thyroid gland Whether or not th
e, the location of the tumors. For example, a small papilloma may not cause any symptom and biger one may cause obvious sig

r loss Hearing pulsations in the ear Hoarseness Pain Weakness or loss of movement in the face (facial nerve palsy)

een associated with changes (mutations) in a gene responsible for the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDHD).
earing or swallowing Develop pulsations in your ear Notice a lump in your neck Notice any problems with the muscles in your f
han 90% of those with paraganglioma are cured.
of other people. As a result, people with this condition severely limit their social lives.They often feel that they are in danger, a
disorder appears to be more common in families with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and delusional disorder, which
ntact a health care provider or mental health professional.
o accept help. Therapy and medications can reduce paranoia and limit its impact on the person's daily functioning.
(delusions) that one or more people are plotting against them or their loved ones. It is difficult or impossible for others to conv
of the penis (glans) and stays there. The retracted foreskin and glans become swollen. This makes it difficult to return the foresk
re to return the foreskin to its normal location after urination or washing (most common in hospitals and nursing homes) Infecti

ed and treated quickly.

nderness Decreased height Depression Fatigue Fractures of long bones Increased urine output Increased thirst Itchy skin Joint p
d to the back side of the thyroid gland. They produce parathyroid hormone, which controls calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D
ave symptoms of hyperparathyroidism.
vel of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), and may affect different parts of the body. They include:Bone pain Constipation Fa

plasia type 1 Hyperparathyroidism –jaw tumour syndrome Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism

hich it is diagnosed. Early diagnosis and treatment is associated with better prognosis.
he onset of illness is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to as high as 10

atyphoid fever call your doctor

pe abnormal movements. Symptoms caused by Parkinsonism are the same as Parkinson's disease.Tremor: Tremor is one of the
Degenerative disorders: Corticobasal degeneration, dementia, diffuse Lewy body disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive
oal of the tests is to confirm or rule out other diseases that can cause similar symptoms.Meidcal history, physical examination a

utcomes of Parkinsonism caused by brain tumors are poorer than other causes. If the disorder is caused by medications, it may
es Difficulty opening mouth Dry mouth Fever Mouth or facial pain Especially during chewing and swallowing Reddening of the f
extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It can also result from a staph infection from staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Parotitis can result f
d parotitis. Women over age 40 and/or perimenopausal, for parotitis from Sjögren’s syndrome. People lacking the mumps vacc
you have difficulty breathing or swallowing. If swelling is due to a tumor that does not respond to therapy.
without treating symptoms.
 the inner fingers) Close-set eyes -- eyes may actually fuse together into one Decreased muscle tone Extra fingers or toes (polyd
ave had a child with Trisomy 13, and you plan to have another child. Genetic counseling can help families understand the cond
are not compatible with life. More than 80% of children with trisomy 13 die in the first month.
ll, red bumps on the scalp, neck, and shoulders (bumps may become crusty and ooze) Tiny white specks (eggs, or nits) on the b
e flakes of dandruff. However, instead of flaking off the scalp, they stay put. Head lice can live up to 30 days on a human. Their e
n who has lice Touch the clothing or bedding of someone who has lice Share hats, towels, brushes, or combs of someone who
e treatment, or if you develop areas of red, tender skin, which could mean a possible infection.
y come back, especially if the source is not corrected. For example, a classroom with many infected children can cause kids to r
present; may come and go) Pain or tenderness in the pelvis, lower abdomen, or sometimes the lower back Vaginal discharge w
ria that move from the vagina or cervix into the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or pelvis. The most common cause of PID is sex
amydia Multiple sexual partners Past history of any sexually transmitted disease Past history of PID Recent insertion of an IUD S
think you have been exposed to a sexually transmitted disease Treatment for a current STD does not seem to be working

res.After the rupture, you may have:Drainage from the ear (drainage may be clear, pus, or bloody) Ear noise/ buzzing Earache
ildren. The infection causes pus or fluid to build up behind the eardrum. As the pressure increases, the eardrum may break ope
es, you may wait until the next day to see your health care provider.Call your health care provider right away after your eardrum
nths. Any hearing loss is most often short-term. Rarely, other problems may occur, such as:Long-term hearing loss Spread of inf
hat appear shiny Gums that bleed easily (blood on toothbrush even with gentle brushing of the teeth) Gums that are tender wh
ms (gingivitis) is untreated or treatment is delayed. Infection and inflammation spreads from the gums (gingiva) to the ligaments
e is tobacco use. Another very strong risk factor is one's genetic susceptibility. Several conditions and diseases, including Down

gums to be uncomfortable. Bleeding and tenderness of the gums should go away within 1 or 2 weeks of treatment. (Healthy gu
so depend on whether the damage affects one nerve, several nerves, or the whole body.Pain and NumbnessTingling or burning
. Often, no cause can be found. Some nerves diseases run in families. Diabetes is the most common cause of this type of nerve
amage. Early treatment increases the chance of controlling symptoms and preventing more problems.
e nerve-related problems do not interfere with daily life. Others get worse quickly and may lead to long-term, severe symptoms
ymptoms. More typical symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia include:Diarrhea or constipation Fatigue, lack of energy, o
e vitamin B12 to your blood cells, you need to eat enough foods containing vitamin B12, such as meat, poultry, shellfish, eggs, a
oimmune endocrine disorders, including:Addison's disease Chronic thyroiditis Graves disease Hypoparathyroidism Hypopituitar
B12 deficiency.
o nerves may be permanent, especially if treatment is not started within 6 months of when symptoms began.
s. The disease starts like the common cold, with runny nose or congestion, sneezing, and maybe mild cough or fever. But after
r sneezing while in close contact with others, who then breathe in the pertussis bacteria. Many infants who get pertussis are in
fants, often requiring hospitalization.
ed or severe cough, it may be pertussis. The best way to know is to contact your doctor.
r it. It's especially dangerous in infants. The coughing spells can be so bad that it is hard for infants to eat, drink or breathe. Bef
blood Difficulty swallowing Hoarseness that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks Neck pain Sore throat that does not get better in
oat cancer. Excessive alcohol use also increases risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol combined lead to an increased risk for throa
n are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancers.
ancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks You find a lump in your
y. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer h
de:Fever Headache Joint pain and muscle aches Skin rashes Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
on cause of pharyngitis. Many different viruses can cause pharyngitis. Bacteria that can cause pharyngitis include Group A strep
one with the illness, is at risk.
does not go away after several days You have a high fever, swollen lymph nodes in your neck, or a rash

ng exposed to it causes an anxiety reaction.This fear or anxiety is out of proportion to (much stronger than) the real threat. The
re to the feared stimulus may provoke extreme anxiety or a panic attack. Specific phobias are among the most common of all p
ntal health professional if a simple phobia is interfering with life activities.
airballs Ice Paint SandThis pattern of eating should last at least 1 month to fit the diagnosis of pica.
d 32% of children ages 1 - 6 have these behaviors.Pica can occur during pregnancy.In some cases, conditions due to a lack of ce
t) often eats non-food materials.
eral months, then disappears on its own.In some cases, it may continue into the teen years or adulthood, especially when it occ
ntal lobes of the brain start to shrink over time.Symptoms such as behavior changes, speech difficulty, and impaired thinking oc
ck bodies and Pick cells) inside nerve cells in the damaged areas of the brain.Pick bodies and Pick cells contain an abnormal form
s disease.Call your health care provider or go to the emergency room if mental function gets worse (which may mean that ano
me totally disabled early in the course of the disease.Pick's disease commonly causes death within 2 - 10 years, usually from in
ar the cornea. It can appear on either side of the cornea, but usually appears on the nasal side. It may increase in size over man
ritation may contribute to its development.
quently UV light), who live in tropical climates, and who suffer from eye irritation are at an increased risk of pinguecula. Certain
t is to be distinguished clinically from pterygium, which is a wedge shaped area of fibrosis that appears to grow into the cornea
te), but it can be life-threatening.Symptoms usually include:Severe headache Paralysis of the eye muscles (ophthalmoplegia) c
o a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary. When this bleeding occurs in a woman during or immediately after childbirth, it is cal
Diabetes Head injury Radiation to the pituitary gland Use of a breathing machine
onic pituitary insufficiency.Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symptoms o
s good for people who have chronic deficiency that is diagnosed and treated.
al bleeding that often occurs near the end of the second trimester or beginning of the third trimester.In some cases, there is se
and grows. In early pregnancy, a low-lying placenta is very common. But as the pregnancy progresses, the growing uterus shoul
gina at any point in your pregnancy.Placenta previa can be dangerous to both you and your baby.
. Careful monitoring of the mother and unborn baby can prevent many of the significant dangers.The biggest risk is that severe
ne contractions with no relaxation in between Vaginal bleeding
mine.Direct causes are rare, but include:Injury to the belly area (abdomen) from a fall, hit to the abdomen, or automobile accid
igarette smoking Cocaine use Diabetes Drinking more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week during pregnancy High blood pressure
en if the accident is minor.Call your doctor right away if you have bleeding during pregnancy.See your health care provider righ
all of the following increase the risk for death in both the mother and baby:Closed cervix Delayed diagnosis and treatment of p
ost likely occurs when you take a deep breath in or out, or cough. Some people feel the pain in the shoulder.Deep breathing, co
infections such as pneumonia or tuberculosis. It is often a sign of a viral infection of the lungs. This inflammation also causes th
uberculosis, you are at a higher risk for pleurisy.
. If you have breathing difficulty or your skin turns blue, seek immediate medical care.

lowly over days to weeks or even months, and is less severe. People with pneumocystis pneumonia who do not have AIDS usu
iroveci. This fungus is common in the environment and does not cause illness in healthy people. However, it can cause a lung in
iroveci. This fungus is common in the environment and does not cause illness in healthy people. However, it can cause a lung in
cystis pneumonia contact your health professional.
ratory failure that can lead to death. People with this condition need early and effective treatment. For moderate to severe pn
ome pneumonias you may cough up greenish or yellow mucus, or even bloody mucus) Fever, which may be mild or high Shakin
each year in the United States. Germs called bacteria, viruses, and fungi may cause pneumonia.Ways you can get pneumonia in
neumonia) include:Cigarette smoking Recent viral respiratory infection (common cold, laryngitis, influenza) Difficulty swallowin
hortness of breath, shaking chills, or persistent fevers Rapid or painful breathing A cough that brings up bloody or rust-colored
derly or debilitated patients may need longer treatment.Those who may be more likely to have complicated pneumonia include
mptoms:Sharp chest pain, made worse by a deep breath or a cough Shortness of breathA larger pneumothorax will cause more
t or knife wounds, rib fracture, or after certain medical procedures.In some cases, a collapsed lung occurs without any cause. T
ng diseases such as COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, and whooping cough also increase your risk for a collapsed lung
sed lung, especially if you have had one before.
er one in the future if you:Are tall and thin Continue to smoke Have had two collapsed lungs in the pastHow well a person does
ections, nonparalytic, and paralytic. Approximately 95% of infections are subclinical infections, which may not have symptoms.G
s. The virus spreads by direct person-to-person contact, by contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth, or
ainst polio and are exposed to the virus Travel to an area that has experienced a polio outbreakIn areas where there is an outb
eloped poliomyelitis and you haven't been vaccinated You develop symptoms of poliomyelitis Your child's polio immunization (
 , nonparalytic, or paralytic) and the site affected. If the spinal cord and brain are not involved, which is the case more than 90%
e some of the symptoms of PCOS:Infrequent menstrual periods, no menstrual periods, and/or irregular bleeding Infertility due t
re than one factor could play a role in developing PCOS. Genes are thought to be one factor. Women with PCOS tend to have a
an occur in girls as young as 11 years old. In addition, most researchers think that PCOS runs in families. Women with PCOS ten
ual periods, are overweight, and have acne or excess facial hair growth.It appears to be higher rates of miscarriage, gestational
p to reduce your chances of having complications like diabetes and heart diseases. Talk to your doctor about treating all your sy
sorb amniotic fluid in normal amounts. This can happen due to:Gastrointestinal disorders, such as duodenal atresia, esophagea
y stools Abdominal distention Fatigue Loss of appetiteAbdominal pain Confusion Forgetfulness Drowsiness Slurred speech Blee
tinal infections Congenital abnormalities Renal transplantation Liver transplantationAlcoholic hepatitis Antiretroviral therapy Ar
travenous drug use (IVDU) Tattooing or piercing in unhygienic condition Needlestick injury Blood transfusion before 1992 Viral
cal care:Bloody vomiting Tarry stool Severe abdominal pain Yellowish discoloration of skin Dilated veins around the umbilicus
ird to fourth decades of life. Dilated esophageal veins are typically developed 5-15% per year after hepatic fibrosis. Most of the
event, which disturbs day-to-day activityFlashback episodes, where the event seems to be happening again and again Repeated
uch as a flood or fire, or events such as:Assault Domestic abuse Prison stay Rape Terrorism WarFor example, the terrorist attack
f distress are symptoms of PTSD. Talk about your feelings with friends and relatives. If your symptoms do not improve soon or a
nosis Prompt treatment Strong social support
ymptoms of depression that occurs at other times in life.Along with a sad or depressed mood, you may have some of the follow
ecially after delivery. These mood changes may be caused by changes in hormone levels.Many non-hormonal factors may also a
:Are under age 20 Currently abuse alcohol, take illegal substances, or smoke (these also cause serious medical health risks for t
by blues don't go away after 2 weeks Symptoms of depression get more intense Symptoms of depression begin at any time afte
ully reduce or eliminate symptoms.
evelopment Floppy newborn infant Insatiable appetite, food craving Irregular areas of skin that look like bands, stripes, or lines
hromosome 15. Normally, your parents each pass down a copy of this chromosome. Most patients with Prader-Willi syndrome
ave a family history of the condition.
s condition. The disorder is frequently suspected at birth.
IQ level. Weight control will allow for a much more comfortable and healthful life.
needs special care in a nursery until the organ systems have developed enough to sustain life without medical support. This m
less than 37 weeks gestation) Full term (37 to 42 weeks gestation) Post term (born after 42 weeks gestation)If a woman goes in
erm labor:An "insufficient" or weakened cervix, also called cervical incompetence Birth defects of the uterus History of preterm
ou are going into labor prematurely.If you are pregnant and not receiving prenatal care, call your health care provider or your s
ed medical and nursing techniques have increased the survival of premature infants. The longer the pregnancy, the greater the
the following:Irregular or skipped periods (amenorrhea) Hot flashes and night sweats Irritability, poor concentration Vaginal dr
ar. Some studies demonstrate that the following factors may be involved in the cause of this disorder.Chromosomal defects: St
mature ovarian failure.
be good with the hormone replacement therapy.
they are generally more severe and debilitating and include a least one mood-related symptom. Symptoms occur during the w
hanges that occur during a woman's menstrual cycle appear to play a role.PMDD affects between 3% and 8% of women during
dal thoughts.Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:Symptoms do not improve with self-treatment Symptom
D find that their symptoms go away or drop to tolerable levels.
oms that tend to:Start during the second half of the menstrual cycle (14 days or more after the first day of your last menstrual p
in hormone levels may play a role, but this has not been proven. Women with premenstrual syndrome may also respond differ
does not go away with self-treatment Your symptoms are so severe that they limit your ability to function

rrently pregnant and are not receiving prenatal care, or if you are unable to manage common complaints without medication.
e:Difficulty hearing people around you Frequently asking people to repeat themselves Frustration at not being able to hear Cer
sound waves and change them into the nerve signals that the brain interprets as sound. Hearing loss occurs when the tiny hair
rule out causes such as too much wax in the ear or side effects of medicines. Your health care provider should have you get a h
ring loss cannot be reversed and may lead to deafness.Hearing loss may cause you to avoid leaving home. Seek help from your
frontal headache, fever, nausea and vomiting. Later on, more severe symptoms develop, including stiff neck, seizures, altered
wleri, a heat-loving (thermophilic), free-living ameba (single-celled microbe), commonly found around the world in warm fresh
nments such as lakes, rivers and poorly maintained or minimally chlorinated swimming pool. Swimming behaviors associated w
f meningoencephalitis should immediately seek medical care, especially in areas were recent cases of Naegleria fowleri are rep
sure and people die 1-12 days (median 5.3 days) after symptoms begin.
agnosis. Symptoms usually come on gradually and may include:Abdominal pain Enlarged liver Fatigue Fatty deposits under the s
ever, primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disorder. That means your body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy ti
lood in the stools Confusion Jaundice Itching of the skin that does not go away and is not related to other causes Vomiting bloo
ents will need a liver transplant to prevent death from this condition. About a quarter of patients who've had the disease for 1
eople may notice one or more of the following symptoms as the tumor developing or when detected by regular examinations:F
s. They help prevent infections. Most lymphomas start in a type of white blood cells called B lymphocytes, or B cells.For most p
kin lymphoma is related to several factors.Immune system deficiency: People with weakened immune systems, such as people
phoma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Hyperpyr
prognostic system for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This system uses 5 factors:Age Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level Performanc
to avoid letting others know of their problem.The American Psychiatric Association defines pathological gambling as having five
en, and between ages 20 and 40 in women.Pathological gambling often involves repetitive behaviors. People with this problem
ou believe you have symptoms of pathological gambling.
ic disorder that tends to get worse without treatment.Even with treatment, it's common to start gambling again (relapse). How
moving the eyes or lack of control over the eyes Different size pupils Difficulty swallowing General slowness of movement (brad
oms similar to those of Parkinson's disease.It involves damage to many cells of the brain. Many areas are affected, including th
a stiff neck/body and vision problems.Also, call if a loved one has been diagnosed with progressive supranuclear palsy and the c
he condition will get worse.Brain function will decline over time.Death commonly occurs in 5 to 7 years.
cancer grows larger or spreads, people may notice one or more symptoms as the following.Weak or interrupted urine flow Fre
cancer in men of all ages and is the most common cause of death from cancer in men over age 75. Prostate cancer is rarely fou
ho are also likely to develop cancer at every age Men who are older than 60 Men who have a father or brother with prostate c
velop. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Hematuria Hematospermia (blo
ancer, PSA level and Gleason score. The factors are shown in the following list:Patient's general health The level of PSA The sta
e:Chills Fever Flushing of the skinSymptoms of chronic prostatitis are similar, but not as severe. They usually begin more slowly
ate gland. Any bacteria that can cause a urinary tract infection can cause acute bacterial prostatitis.Some sexually transmitted d
hra or prostate, such as:Bladder outlet obstruction Foreskin of the penis that cannot be pulled back (phimosis) Injury to the are

minor changes to your diet and behavior.Acute prostatitis may come back or turn into chronic prostatitis.
o Cushing's syndrome. They include the following characteristics.Truncal obesity, plethoric moon face, buffalo hump Supraclavi
onditions such as depression, panic disorders and psychotic conditions.
ol concentrations can be used as a screening test in suspected pseudo-Cushing's syndrome. The 24-hour urinary free cortisol (U
syndrome develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Sever
the cause and the person. With abstinence from alcohol, all biochemical abnormalities return to reference ranges. But patients
ype 1b and type 2.Signs and symptoms in type 1b and type 2Numbness Tetany Seizures Cataracts Dental problemsSigns and sy
y the body. They do this by producing parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps control calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels
ed by abnormal genes. Researches demonstrate that type 1a is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
thyroidism develop. If you suffer either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe teta
der than in other forms of hypoparathyroidism.
have a bowel movement Watery diarrhea (often five to 10 times per day)
ne. However, it may overgrow when you take antibiotics. The bacteria release a powerful toxin that causes the lining of the colo
at weaken the immune system, including chemotherapyRecent surgeryPersonal history of pseudomembranous colitis
olonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy Immunoassay for C. difficile toxin in the stool
Bloody stools after taking antibiotics Five or more episodes of diarrhea per day for more than 1-2 days Severe abdominal pain S
wever, up to 20% of infections may return, requiring additional treatment.
dache. Joint aches. Muscle aches. Shortness of breath.
year in the United States.Bird owners, pet shop employees, persons who work in poultry processing plants, and veterinarians a
mptoms of psittacosis, call your health care provider.
 ause these disorders affect overall growth, many of them result in poor development in one or more body systems.Short statur
nstant and extreme stress is the cause of psychogenic dwarfism for children. Stress releases hormones in the children's bodies
chogenic dwarfism.
ndition, from person to person. Most psychogenic dwarfism have good outcomes with hormone therapy. Family support, socia
eech False beliefs that are not based in reality (delusions), especially unfounded fear or suspicion Hearing, seeing, or feeling thi
hosis, including:Alcohol and certain illegal drugs, both during use and during withdrawal Brain tumors or cysts Dementia (inclu
ou or a member of your family is losing contact with reality. If there is any concern about safety, immediately take the person
. If the cause can be corrected, the outlook is often good, and treatment with antipsychotic medication may be brief.Some chro
tal evidence in animal or cell line models, that new "nano materials" and "nano particles" may have the potential to lead to ser
al fullness prematurely after meals Abdominal pain Belching Constant hunger Dehydration (gets worse with the severity of the
pylorus. This thickening prevents the stomach from emptying into the small intestine. The cause of the thickening is unknown,
monly in boys than in girls. Age: Pyloric stenosis is rare in patients older than 6 months. The condition is usually diagnosed by th
old. A physical exam may reveal signs of dehydration. The infant may have a swollen belly area. The doctor may detect the abn
ight) Pain in the right upper abdomen (more common) or throughout the abdomen (less common) Clay-colored stools Dark uri
ver abscess:Immunodeficiency Diabetes mellitus Pancreatic or hepatobiliary disease Liver transplant
Severe abdominal pain Confusion or decreased consciousness High fever that doesn't go away Other new symptoms during or
er in people who have many liver abscesses.
Headache Joint pain (arthralgia) Muscle painsOther symptoms that may develop include:Abdominal pain Chest pain Jaundice Ra
n domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, birds, and cats. Some wild animals and ticks also carry the bacteria. You can ge
fter inhaling dust or droplets in the air that are contaminated with animal feces, blood, or birth products.
s risk factors, contact your health professional.
s can be very serious and sometimes even life-threatening. Q fever should always be treated if it is recognized as the cause of s
njury and the place it occurred. In general, injuries that are higher in your spinal cord produce more paralysis. Patients may exp

everity of injury in spinal cord or brain Whether the patient is treated early Whether the patient is accompanied with complicati
d, or likely exposure from a rabid animal. Clinical illness is compatible with acute, progressive encephalitis. After infection, the
and foxes, or in dogs, cats or farm animals. People get it from the bite of an infected animal.
d foxes, or in dogs, cats or farm animals is a risk factor. The disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal.

s, but the extremely rare case of recovery after extensive medical interventions offers hope that future experimental therapeuti
estines received the radiation.Changes in bowel movements may include:Bleeding or mucus from the rectum Diarrhea or water
active seeds to kill cancer cells.Along with the cancer cells, radiation therapy may also damage cells that make up the lining of t
ea is at risk. This may include people with cervical, pancreatic, prostate, uterine, or colon and rectal cancer.
herapy or have had radiation in the past and are experiencing a lot of diarrhea or stomach pain and cramping.
ausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.In most cases, the symptoms get better 2 - 3 weeks after treatment ends.However, when this con
ausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.In most cases, the symptoms get better 2 - 3 weeks after treatment ends.However, when this con
ea is at risk. This may include people with cervical, pancreatic, prostate, uterine, or colon and rectal cancer.
ymptoms due to Streptobacillus moniliformis may include:Fever Chills Joint pain, redness, or swelling RashSymptoms due to Sp
ptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus, both of which are found in the mouths of rodents.
th and South AmericaMost people get rat-bite fever through contact with urine or secretions from the mouth, eye, or nose of
nt contact with a rat or other rodent The person who was bitten has symptoms of rat-bite fever
eath rate can be as high as 25%.
mfort Does not make distinctions when socializing with strangers Resists social interaction Wants to be aloneCaregiver:Disregar
an infant's needs for:Emotional bonds with a primary or secondary caretaker Food Physical safety TouchingThe risk of neglect t
e parent) is at high risk for neglect or when an adoptive parent has difficulty coping with a newly adopted child.If you have rece

Muscle aches (myalgia) Nausea Neck stiffness Rigors Seizures Sudden onset of high fever Unsteady gait Vomiting Weakness
teria in the Borrelia family.There are two major forms of relapsing fever:Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is transmitted by the
pi River, particularly in the mountainous West and the high deserts and plains of the Southwest. In the mountains of California,
 you develop fever; there are many different possible infections that will need to be investigated in a timely manner.
RF, it is 4 -10%. With early treatment, the death rate is reduced. Those who have developed coma, myocarditis, liver problems,
tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Hematuria (blood in the urine) Lower back pai
arcinoma is related to several factors.Genetic and hereditary risk factorsVon Hippel-Lindau diseaseHereditary papillary renal ce
ma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe low ba
he tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the kidneys. The individual's response to treatment
ion A sudden or gradual increase in the number of floaters in the eye Shadow or blindness in a part of the visual field of one ey
the retina through which eye fluids may leak. This causes separation of the retina from the underlying tissues.Retinal detachm
mon in people over age 40. It affects men more than women, and Whites more than African Americans.A retinal detachment is a
etachment and whether you receive early treatment. With modern therapy, over 90 percent of those with a retinal detachmen
gh-pitched sound when inhaling (stridor) Muscles between the ribs pull in when breathing (intercostal retractions) Severe thro
s at the back of the throat. This can occur during or immediately after a throat infection.
, but it can occur at any age.
gh fever with severe throat pain.Seek immediate medical help if you have:Breathing difficulty High-pitched breathing sounds (s
an lead to blockage of the airway, which can be life-threatening. With prompt treatment, you can make a full recovery.
Rarely, it may cause pain or discomfort.
position in about 20% of all women.Weakening pelvic ligaments associated with menopause may cause this condition in wome
ain or discomfort.

for the first 6 - 18 months. Symptoms range from mild to severe.Symptoms may include:Apraxia Breathing problems: problem
sdiagnosed as autism or cerebral palsy.Studies have linked many Rett syndrome cases to a defect in the methl-CpG-binding pro
our child's development, if you notice a lack of normal development with motor or language skills in a child, or if there are asso
hen, symptoms may improve. For example, seizures or breathing problems tend to lessen in late adolescence.Developmental re
to deadly.In its mildest form, Rh incompatibility causes the destruction of red blood cells.After birth, the infant may have:Yello
oss into the mother's bloodstream through the placenta.If the mother is Rh-negative, her immune system treats Rh-positive fet
gnant and have not yet seen a doctor.

Stuffy nose Sneezing Nose itchingEye symptoms such as itching, tearing, redness, also frequently occur in patients with rhinitis,
ething that triggers an allergy. Examples of allergens are pollens, mold, animal dander, or dust. When a person with allergic rhin
s that are caused by allergies have an increased risk. Individuals who already have some conditions that are cause by allergies s
activities such as your work/school performance, sleep, leisure, sport, etc. You should also seek help if your symptoms do not
e symptoms resolve as they grow older.
a cold that does not improve, or one that worsens after 5 - 7 days of symptoms. Symptoms include:Bad breath or loss of smell
ad, nasal bones, cheeks, and eyes) that are lined with mucus membranes. Healthy sinuses contain no bacteria or other germs. U
loping Rhinoinusitis:Allergic rhinitis or hay fever Cystic fibrosis Day care Diseases that prevent the cilia from working properly,
or you have a cold that gets worse after 7 days You have a severe headache, unrelieved by over-the-counter pain medicine You
d medical treatment. If you are having recurrent attacks, you should be checked for underlying causes such as nasal polyps or o
dehydration include: Decrease in urination Dry mouth and throat Feeling dizzy when standing up Cry with few or no tears Unus
hildren are most at risk for infection. Unvaccinated children, aged 3 to 35 months old, can be severely infected by rotavirus. Ol

sacral site, a visible lump under the skin at the top of the buttocks crease. If not visible, it can sometimes be felt like gently pro

n: This is a routine part of prenatal care in pregnancy peroid. For patients suspected sacrococcygeal teratoma, the level is high
of yourself and the fetus. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:
wing:The location of the tumorWhether or not the tumor can be removed by surgeryThe stage of the tumorThe patient’s gene
36 hours) after ingestion of salmonella. It is usually characterized by acute onset of:Fever Headache Abdominal pain Diarrhea N
over 2 500 different strains (called "serotypes" or "serovars") have been identified to date. Salmonella is a ubiquitous and hardy
gnosed infections in children less than five years old is about five times higher than the rate in all other persons.Persons at risk
without treatment. However, in some persons, the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. In these
without treatment. However, in some persons, the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. In these
 ction.Heavy infestation (many parasites) may cause fever, chills, lymph node enlargement, and liver and spleen enlargement. I
nated water. The parasite in its infective stages is called a cercaria. It swims freely in open bodies of water.On contact with hum
d water are risk factors.
stosomiasis, especially if you have traveled to a tropical or sub-tropical area where the disease is known to exist or if you have b
occurs usually produces good results.
person. Often, people with schizoaffective disorder seek treatment for p roblems with mood, daily function, or abnormal thoug
es in genes and chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters) may play a role. Some experts do not believe it is a separate disorder
ne you know is experiencing any of the following:Depression with feelings of hopelessness or helplessness Inability to care for
oing back to their previous level of function than do people with most other psychotic disorders. However, long-term treatmen
detached Avoids social activities that involve emotional intimacy with other people Does not want or enjoy close relationships,
disorder may be related to schizophrenia and it shares many of the same risk factors.However, schizoid personality disorder is n
t usually dos not improve much over time.Social isolation often prevents the person from seeking the help or support that mig
r years. Sometimes you may have many symptoms, and at other times you may only have a few.People with any type of schizo
ot sure what causes it. However, genetic factors appear to play a role.Certain environmental events may trigger schizophrenia i
ourself or others. You feel the urge to hurt yourself or others. You are feeling hopeless or overwhelmed. You are seeing things
ct. Most of the time, symptoms improve with medication. However, others may have difficulty functioning and are at risk for re
rbed. Their odd behavior may look like that of people with schizophrenia. For example, they may also have unusual preoccupati
because this condition is more common in relatives of schizophrenics.Schizotypal personality disorder should not be confused
if:You have trouble forming and keeping relationships due to unusual beliefs You suspect that your child may have this problem
illness. The outcome of treatment varies based on the severity of the disorder.
ccount for approximately 8 percent of all tumors inside the skull; one out of every 100,000 individuals per year develops a vesti
r. Because the tumors grow so slowly, symptoms usually start after the age of 30.Common symptoms include:Abnormal sensati
chwannomas form following the loss of the function of a gene on chromosome 22. (A gene is a small section of DNA responsible
ing hearing loss or vertigo (dizziness).
asize) to other body systems, but they may continue to grow and press down on important structures in the skull.
r months.Symptoms are usually the same as with depression:Increased appetite with weight gain (weight loss is more common
ood. Like other forms of depression, it occurs more often in women than in men.People who live in places with long winter nig
ave symptoms of seasonal affective disorder. Get help right away if you have thoughts of hurting yourself or anyone else.
ave the disorder throughout their lives.
ms of chronic renal failure, malabsorption, rickets and underlying cancer. General symptoms are the following:Weakness Bone d
bsorption, vitamin D deficiency Certain types of cancer
y the body. They do this by producing parathyroid hormone, or PTH. PTH helps control calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D leve
ary hyperparathyroidism, particularly if you are being treated for kidney disease. If you suffer either of the following symptoms
he underlying cause.
ures only cause a person to have staring spells, which may go unnoticed. Specific symptoms of a seizure depend on what part o
ated seizure disorders.Causes of provoked seizures include:Sleep deprivation Cavernoma or cavernous malformation is a treat
a person who has never had one before It is an unusually long seizure in someone who has a seizure disorderReport all seizure
social situations Fear of people ShynessThis pattern of mutism must be observed for at least 1 month. (The first month of schoo
e that children with the condition inherit a tendency to be anxious and inhibited. Most children with this condition have some
ective mutism, and it is affecting school and social activities.
e may need to continue therapy for shyness and social anxiety into the teenage years, and possibly into adulthood.
Nightmares Reluctance to go to school or other places because of fear of separation Reluctance to go to sleep without the prim
n a predictable order. Before 8 months, infants are so new to the world that they have little knowledge of what is ordinary and
ation anxiety after age 2.
rmal, even if some anxiety comes back later during stress.When separation anxiety occurs in adolescence, it may signal the dev
s and body systems, including the kidneys, liver, lungs, and central nervous system, stop working properly.A change in mental s
re in the body. Common places where an infection might start include:The bowel (usually seen with peritonitis) The kidneys (up

kened immune system or with a chronic illness.

 welling that is usually in just one joint. There is also intense joint pain, which gets worse with movement. Symptoms in newbor
using organisms (microorganisms) spread through the bloodstream to a joint. It may also occur when the joint is directly infect
rtificial joint implants Bacterial infection somewhere else in your body Chronic illness or disease (such as diabetes, rheumatoid

t is delayed, permanent joint damage may result.

(38.0 degrees C) and cough, difficulty breathing, or other respiratory symptoms. Symptoms in the order of how commonly the
me family that can cause the common cold).When someone with SARS coughs or sneezes, infected droplets spray into the air. Yo
around a person with severe acute respiratory syndrome is at risk.
ou have had close contact with has SARS.
ed to have been about 14 or 15 percent of those diagnosed. In people over age 65, the death rate was higher than 50 percent.
toms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Heavy feeling in pelvis Pain in low
L2, DICER1, STK11 are involved
tromal ovarian tumors is related to several factors.Some drugs or treatment protocols: Recent studies show that fertility drugs,
evelop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:A large amount of b

the following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the
include-Discharge from the penis or vagina Sores or warts on genital area Burning while urinating Itching and redness in the ge
n get from having sex with someone who has the infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses. There are mo
n get from having sex with someone who has the infection.
ve an STD, talk to your health care provider.
not properly treated it can lead to adhesions in birth tube and infertility
ast-feed (breast milk never "comes in") Fatigue Lack of menstrual bleeding Loss of pubic and axillary hair Low blood pressureNo
pituitary gland, which may cause the gland to lose its ability to function properly.The pituitary gland is located at the base of th

fter you come in contact with the bacteria.Symptoms include:Acute (sudden) abdominal pain or cramping Acute (sudden) feve
e are several types of Shigella.Shigella sonnei, also called "group D" Shigella, is responsible for most cases of shigellosis in the U
ntaminated food and water, and crowded living conditions.Shigellosis is common among travelers in developing countries and
d in the stool, or if there are signs of dehydration.Go to the emergency room if the following occur in a person with shigellosis:C
ents, except malnourished children and those with weakened immune systems, have an excellent outlook.
he face or mouth Swelling of the face or neck (can be dramatic when eating or drinking)
e chemicals in saliva can crystallize into a stone that can block the salivary ducts. When saliva cannot exit a blocked duct, it bac
duct stones.
ous. The stone is usually removed with only minimal discomfort. Some people may feel more pain.If the person has repeated s
all patients with sickle cell anemia have painful episodes (called crises), which can last from hours to days. These crises can affe
n called hemoglobin S.Hemoglobin is a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen. Hemoglobin S changes the shape of re
nd Mediterranean descent. It is also seen in people from South and Central America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.
mptoms of infection (fever, body aches, headache, fatigue) Breathlessless
tween ages 20 and 40. Thanks to a better understanding and management of the disease, today, patients can live into their 50s
tibility Chest pain
actors.Heriditory causes of sideroblastic anemia includeMutations in ALAS2, ABCB7, SCL19A2, GLRX5 and PSU1 genes. Pearson
ia are Male gender (X-linked SA) Family history of hereditary SA Chronic alcohol abuse Lead toxicity Drugs Isoniazid Pyrazinamid
st pain Difficulty breathing Severe abdominal pain Bleeding from gums or nose Extreme weakness Fever

he cause is the main factor which determines the prognosis

tients who have progressive massive fibrosisOther symptoms of this disease, especially in acute silicosis:Cough Fever Severe bre
st rock beds and forms dust during mining, quarrying, tunneling, and working with many metal ores. Silica is a main part of san
are at risk. These jobs include:Abrasives manufacturingMiningQuarryingRoad and building constructionSand blastingStone cutti
rk and you have symptoms of the disease.
categories:Problems with falling and staying asleep (insomnia) Problems with staying awake (excessive daytime sleepiness) Pro
f sleep, too much sleep, or unusual sleep behaviors are interfering with daily living.Sleep apnea should be suspected in people
may go away without treatment.
night and day Early morning awakening Waking up often during the night
ople need 30 to 60 minutes less sleep than younger people. Their sleep is less deep and more choppy than sleep in younger pe
of sleep or too much sleep is interfering with daily living.
ers may continue to have sleep disruptions.
m a few seconds to 1 or 2 minutes in which they are unable to move or speak.These spells end on their own or when the perso
two hours of sleep. Not getting enough sleep or sleeping on the back may cause more frequent episodes.Though this condition
st stage is known as the haemo-lymphatic phase and is characterized by fever, headaches, and joint pains, and itching. Invasion
painful, red swelling occurs at the site of the bite. The infection then spreads through your blood, causing episodes of fever, he
found and being bitten by tsetse flies. The disease is extremely rare in the United States and is only found in travelers who hav
order. It is important to begin treatment as soon as possible.
diac failure or from rhodesiense infection itself. Gambiense infection causes the classic "sleeping sickness" disease and gets wo
ortness of breath Weight loss WheezingOther symptoms that may occur with this disease:Facial swelling Fever Hoarseness or ch
mall cell lung cancer(SCLC) is slightly more common in men than women.Almost all cases of SCLC are due to cigarette smoking.
many years
ncer (particularly if you smoke).
read. This type of cancer is very deadly. Only about 6% of people with this type of cancer are still alive 5 years after diagnosis.T
oms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Cough that does not go awayChest
mall cell lung cancer is slightly more common in men than women.Almost all cases of SCLC are due to cigarette smoking. SCLC i
arcinoma of the lung is related to several factors.Smoking: Clinical data show that smoking is by far the leading risk factor for lu
s of lung cancer develop, go to see your doctor as soon as possible:Severe cough that does not go awaySevere chest painA large
ts do not cure the cancer. The prognosis of small cell carcinoma of the lung depend on the following:The stage of the cancerTh
cancer grows larger, people may notice one or more symptoms as the following:Abdominal discomfort or abdominal pain: It is
intestine cancer potentially. These risk factors are outlined in the table below:Crohns disease: Crohns disease is a kind of imm
Other problems can also cause the same symptoms such as stomach discomfort and other digestive system cancer. So, if you ha
ncer develop. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdominal pain:
ng:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer ha
4 Delirium Diarrhea Excessive bleeding Fatigue Severe Headaches High Fever (102-104 Fahrenheit) Malaise Pain Vomiting
populations thousands of years ago. Except for laboratory stockpiles, the variola virus has been eliminated.
n laboratories with the virus or people who live in an area victim of bioterrorism are at higher risk of being infected. Before the
our health care provider immediately. Because smallpox has been wiped out this would be very unlikely, unless you have work
die Arthritis and bone infections Brain swelling (encephalitis) Death Eye infections Pneumonia Scarring Severe bleeding Skin in
d self-conscious in everyday social situations. They have an intense, persistent, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by
hey may be subject to the scrutiny of others.It may begin in adolescence and may be associated with overprotective parents or
ear is affecting your work and relationships with others.
sant medications have been shown to be very effective.
umor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:A new lump or a lump that is growing anywhere
sarcoma is related to several factors.Radiation exposure:Clinical stidies suggest that patients with other kind of cancers such as
soft tissue sarcoma. In this procedure, the doctor usually performs a punch biopsy and removes a tiny round piece of tissue. Th
ma develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdom
the following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgeryThe stage of the sarcoma: the size of the tumor, whether th
n that lasts for several months and limits a person's work, relationships, and other activities.Patients are often very worried or s
al stress. The pain was often said to be "all in their head."However, patients with somatoform pain disorder seem to experience
hronic pain.
a long time. Your outlook will improve if you can start doing your previous activities, even with the pain.Seeking out a mental h
k. The doctor cannot see through the sac when shining a light behind it.Symptoms include:Loss of bladder or bowel control Par
of the spine (or backbone) join together to cover the spinal cord, spinal nerves and meninges (the tissues covering the spinal co
a newborn infant. The child is late in walking or crawling Symptoms of hydrocephalus develop, including bulging soft spot, irrita
 reatment, length of life is not severely affected. Neurological damage is often irreversible.New problems within the spinal cord
wel and bladder control (may include constipation, incontinence, bladder spasms) Numbness Sensory changes Weakness Paraly
n fractures An abscess or blood clot around the spine
ping spinal cord compression than normal people.Cervical spondylosis Atlantoaxial instability Congenital conditions (tethered co
al cord compression
me is complete (quadriparesis and with no sensory preservation), and recovery is less than 5%.
ngling, dull ache, or a burning or pulsating sensation. In some cases, the pain is severe enough that you are unable to move. You
connecting the skull to the pelvis. These bones protect nerves that come out of the brain and travel down your back, forming
iated discs are most common in middle age, especially between 35 and 45, due to aging-related degeneration of the discs. Smo
back pain you have any numbness, loss of movement, weakness, or bowel / bladder changes
percentage may continue to have chronic back pain even after treatment.It may take several months to a year or more to resu
inal pain and bloating Abdominal tenderness Fever Fluid in the abdomen Low urine outputOther symptoms include:Chills Joint
n of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This usually occurs from liver or kidney failure. Risk factors for liver disease include alcoholic c
atients who are on dialysis for kidney failure patients with cirrhosis
tis. This can quickly become an emergency situation.
isease may limit recovery.Abscess Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatorenal syndrome Intestinal obstruction from scar tissue Sepsi
e clinically apparent and the vast majority of infections remain undiagnosed. The incubation period for SLEV disease (the time fr
LEV). It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Other medically important flaviviruses found in the Americas in
en identified are at risk of SLEV infection, particularly persons who engage in outdoor work and recreational activities and thos
g the elderly.
cancer grows larger, people may notice one or more symptoms, such as the following:Abdominal symptomsAbdominal pain - A
estive tract worldwide, although it is uncommon in the United States. It occurs most often in men over age 40. This form of gas
velop. If you have the following symptoms, seek urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdominal pain - The reason a
he lump is located The depth to which the mass invades the stomach wall With or without distant metastases
ms usually develop 2 to 5 days after being exposed to the bacteria. Symptoms tend occur suddenly, and usually include some of
retions or saliva. As a result, strep throat is most prominent during flu season, around the winter. People with strep are contag
ome pneumonias you may cough up greenish or yellow mucus, or even bloody mucus) Fever, which may be mild or high Shakin
each year in the United States. Germs called bacteria, viruses, and fungi may cause pneumonia. Ways you can get pneumonia in
neumonia) include:Cerebral palsy Chronic lung disease (COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis) Cigarette smoking Difficulty swallo
ontact your doctor.
derly or very sick patients may need longer treatment. Those who may be more likely to have complicated pneumonia include:O
nic kidney disease Extreme tiredness or lack of sleep High blood sugar or low blood sugar Infection that is severe or involves th
ot be explained. Call your local emergency number (such as 911) if normal alertness does not return quickly.
ering becomes worse, words and phrases are repeated.Later, vocal spasms develop. There is a forced, almost explosive sound t
develop some stuttering during their childhood. It may last for several weeks to several years.For a small number of children (
hool work or emotional development The child seems anxious or embarrassed about speaking The symptoms last for more tha
urns to normal within 3 or 4 years.Stuttering that begins after a child is 8 - 10 years old is more likely to last into adulthood.
nal, and social abilities) Coma Gradual behavioral changes Myoclonic jerking (quick muscle jerking or spasms) School problems
an abnormal immune response to measles or, possibly, certain mutant forms of the virus may cause severe illness and death. T
es, even though the person seems to have fully recovered from the illness. Males are more often affected than females, and the
heir scheduled vaccines. The measles vaccine is included in the MMR vaccine.
nosis, but some may survive for longer periods. The condition is always deadly.
ts suddenly and starts after a popping or snapping feeling in the head. Speech disturbance Weakness on one side of the body N
injury Polycystic kidney disease Hypertension Smoking Idiopathic
hen you feel severe headache.
on and extent of the bleeding Whether the patient is accompanied with any complications, such as stroke and seizures. Severity
eadache Lethargy or confusion Loss of consciousness Nausea and vomiting Numbness Seizures Slurred speech Visual disturbanc
jury. When one occurs in this way, it is called an acute subdural hematoma. Acute subdural hematomas are among the deadlie
coagulant medication (blood thinners, including aspirin) Long-term abuse of alcohol Recurrent falls Repeated head injury Very y
Call 911 or your local emergency number, or go immediately to an emergency room after a head injury.Spinal injuries often occ
ending on the type and location of head injury, the size of the blood collection, and how quickly treatment is obtained.Acute su
radic human infections with swine flu have occurred. Most commonly, these cases occur in persons with direct exposure to pig
swine influenza virus infection every one to two years in the U.S., but from December 2005 through February 2009, 12 cases o
to the symptoms of regular human seasonal influenza and include fever, lethargy, lack of appetite and coughing. Some people
n not get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork and pork products is saf
e and from people to pigs. Human infection with flu viruses from pigs are most likely to occur when people are in close proxim
woman was hospitalized for pneumonia and died 8 days later. A swine H1N1 flu virus was detected. Four days before getting si
n would generally need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is most likely to be sheddi
in the US for the treatment of influenza: amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. While most swine influenza viru
ng soldiers in Fort Dix, New Jersey in 1976. The virus caused disease with x-ray evidence of pneumonia in at least 4 soldiers and
from human H1N1 viruses and, therefore, vaccines for human seasonal flu would not provide protection from H1N1 swine flu v
open sore or ulcer on the genitals, mouth, skin, or rectum that heals by itself in 3 - 6 weeks Enlarged lymph nodes in the area c
he spirochete Treponema pallidum. This bacterium causes infection when it gets into broken skin or mucus membranes, usuall
ave symptoms of syphilis.If you have had intimate contact with a person who has syphilis or any other STD, or have engaged in
ated.Secondary syphilis can be cured if it is diagnosed early and treated effectively. Although it usually goes away within weeks
er, some people may have abdominal discomfort.People often realize they are infected when they pass segments of the worm
eat of infected animals. Cattle usually carry Taenia saginata (T. saginata). Pigs carry Taenia solium (T. solium).In the human inte
ass something in your stool that looks like a white worm.

rgement and breast tenderness Fatigue Light-headedness or actual fainting Missed period Nausea or vomiting Frequent urinati
cents have generally declined since reaching an all-time high in 1990, mostly due to the increased use of condoms.Adolescent p
r school performance Economic disadvantage Single or teen parents
ve symptoms of pregnancy.Your health care provider can also provide counseling regarding birth control methods, sexually tran
e likely to have more children overall. Teen mothers are about 2 years behind their age group in completing their education. Wo
s and goes or occurs when chewing Loss of appetite Muscle aches Pain and stiffness in the neck, upper arms, shoulder, and hip
ore arteries become inflamed, swollen, and tender.Temporal arteritis most commonly occurs in the head, especially in the temp
tis: Age > 50 years Hypertension Thrombocytosis Female
g headache and other symptoms of temporal arteritis.
r 1 to 2 years or longer) may be needed. The condition may return at a later date.
throbbing) A tight band or vise on the head All over (not just in one point or one side) Worse in the scalp, temples, or back of t
daches. They may occur at any age, but are most common in adults and adolescents.If a headache occurs two or more times a w
e." You have speech, vision, or movement problems or loss of balance, especially if you have not had these symptoms with a h
t cause serious medical problems. However, chronic tension headaches can have a negative impact on the quality of life and w
toma does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Che
can spread throughout the body, and have spread by the time of diagnosis.A number of other cancers are often associated wit

p. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Shortness of breath Seve
or not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The size and location of the tumor The patient’s general health
ctors generally examine the testicles during routine physical exams. Between regular checkups, if a man notices anything unusu
studies have shown that several factors increase a man's chance of developing this disease.
men in the United States. About 8,000 men are diagnosed with testicular cancer, and about 390 men die of this disease each yea
o have been treated for testicular cancer. Like all cancers, testicular cancer can recur (come back). Men who have had testicular
previous predisposing event Swelling within one side of the scrotum (scrotal swelling) Nausea or vomiting Light-headednessAdd
of inadequate connective tissue within the scrotum. However, the condition can result from trauma to the scrotum, particularl
and at the beginning of adolescence (puberty).
(such as 911) if testicular torsion symptoms occur
d, the testicle may continue to function properly. After 6 hours of torsion (impaired blood flow), the likelihood that the testicle w
all over the body. It can lead to "locking" of the jaw, which makes it impossible to open your mouth or swallow. If this happens,
this concept is somewhat misleading. Objects that accumulate rust are often found outdoors, or in places that harbor anaerob
of vaccination.
The tetanus vaccine can prevent tetanus but its protection does not last forever. Adults should get a tetanus shot, or booster, e
rth (death of the unborn baby during birth or the late stages of pregnancy).Children born with thalessemia major (Cooley's ane
bin. Thalassemia occurs when there is a defect in a gene that helps control production of one of these proteins.There are two m
amily history of the disorder
r your child has symptoms of thalassemia You are being treated for the disorder and new symptoms develop
usually between ages 20 and 30. Frequent blood transfusions with therapy to remove iron from the body helps improve the ou
mptoms, such as:Bleeding in the mouth and gums Bruising Nosebleeds Rash (pinpoint red spots called petechia)Other symptom
ow platelets:Not enough platelets are made in the bone marrow Increased breakdown of platelets in the bloodstream Increase
eeding or bruising.

ebitis:Inflammation (swelling) in the part of the body affected Pain in the part of the body affected Skin redness (not always pre
g hospitalized for a major surgery or with a major illness Disorders that make you more likely to develop blood clots Sitting for
ophlebitis.Call your health care provider promptly if thrombophlebitis symptoms do not improve with treatment, if symptoms
to prompt medical treatment.
: Swelling or pain infront of the neck Cough Shortness of breath Hoarseness of voice Warm sweaty skin Skin flushing Increased
chronic inflammation, and genetic mutation of THADA gene.
ighest risk of thyroid adenoma.
yroid adenoma or its complications.
the prognosis of thyroid adenoma may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as excellent.
ny symptoms, as the tumor grows larger people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:A nodule, lump, or swelling
netic mutations are suspected to be associated with the disease. People who have had radiation therapy to the neck area, or as
ancer is related to various factors, such as:A diet low in iodine: thyroid cancers are more common in regions characterized by io

histological type The stage of cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the thyroid gland Whether o
weeks following a tick bite:Rash Skin ulcer Fever / chills Headache Muscle or joint aches Weakness Swollen lymph nodes Flu-lik
acteria that can cause:Lyme disease (most common tick disease in the US) Colorado tick fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever Tu
doors are at risk for tick-borne disease, particularly during the warm seasons.
e professional. Long-term treatment may be needed if complications develop. Preventive antibiotics are often given to people w
edged crack in the tissue Most often pale colored, may be dark or discolored On the tongue, lip, or other mouth area Usually p
e tongue. It may also occur on the floor of the mouth, cheek lining, gums (gingiva), or roof of the mouth (palate).Most oral can
ental and oral hygiene
utine cleaning and examination.Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have a lesion of the mouth or lip o
an 5 years after diagnosis and treatment. If the cancer is detected early, before it has spread to other tissues, the cure rate is ne
lasts longer than 48 hours and may be severeTenderness of the jaw and throat
a common cause. The infection may also be seen in other parts of the throat.

ung childFever, especially 101°F or higherPus in the back of the throatRed rash that feels rough, and increased redness in the sk
3 days after you start the antibiotics.Children with strep throat should generally be kept home from school or day care until the
t - lasts longer than 48 hours and may be severe Tenderness of the jaw and throat Voice changes, loss of voice
of the throat. They normally help to filter out bacteria and other microorganisms to prevent infection in the body.They may bec
48 hours New symptoms develop Symptoms get worse You have other symptoms with the sore throat
nt starts. The infection usually is cured after treatment is completed, but some people may need more than one course of antib
eck pain Shoulder is higher on one side of the body Stiffness of neck muscles Swelling of the neck muscles (possibly present at b
nes Acquired: Develops as a result of damage to the nervous system or musclesIf the condition occurs without a known cause,
toms do not improve with treatment, or if new symptoms develop.Torticollis that occurs after an injury or with illness may be s
f the condition becomes chronic, numbness and tingling may develop as nerve roots become compressed in the neck.The mus
ring childhood, between ages 7 and 10.The most common first symptom is a tic of the face, but other tics may follow. A tic is a
who first described this disorder in 1885.There is strong evidence that Tourette syndrome is passed down through families, alt
ve tics that are severe or persistent, or if they interfere with your daily life.
 rove in early adulthood.Although 1 in 4 patients may be symptom-free for a few years, only 8% of symptoms go away without r
oms:Abdominal pain Abdominal distention Abdominal tenderness Dehydration Fever Rapid heart rate Shock
wel disease, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, and infections of the colon. The term "toxic" means that this complica
's disease Intestinal infection Laxative abuse Peripheral vascular disease Ulcerative colitis
ometimes accompanied by chills Low blood pressure Muscle aches Nausea and vomiting Organ failure (usually kidneys and liver
S. aureus) infection Foreign bodies or packings (such as those used to stop nosebleeds) Menstruation Surgery Tampon use (par
e condition may return in those that survive.
een exposure to the parasite and symptom development is 1 - 2 weeks. The disease can affect the brain, lung, heart, eyes, or liv
cies of animals and birds. Cats are the definitive host of the parasite. Human infection may result from:Blood transfusions or so
evelop symptoms of toxoplasmosis. This diosrder requires urgent or emergency care if it occurs in an immunosuppressed perso
he eye. In adults with a healthy immune system, toxoplasmosis has a good outcome.
ng High fever High-pitched breathing sound (stridor)
lococcus aureus. It frequently follows a recent viral upper respiratory infection.
small trachea is easily blocked by swelling.
ency room if your child has had a recent upper respiratory infection and suddenly has a high fever, a cough that gets worse, and

arms, legs, or other areas.Tics may involve:Movements that occur again and again and don't have a rhythm An overwhelming
ient tic disorder can be physical or mental (psychological).It may be a mild form of Tourette syndrome.
transient tic disorder, especially if it continues or disrupts your child's life.If you are not sure whether the movements are a tic o

s to several days) or subacute (usually developing over 1 to 4 weeks). Initial symptoms usually include:Localized lower back pain
elitis. The inflammation that causes such extensive damage to nerve fibers of the spinal cord may result from viral infections or
ers, and in all races. No familial predisposition is apparent. A peak in incidence rates (the number of new cases per year) appear
weeks of the onset of symptoms and may continue for up to 2 years. However, if there is no improvement within the first 3 to
rsome symptoms that can range from mild cramps and urgent loose stools to severe abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and blood
acteria, virus, or parasite. E. coli (bacterium) is the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea. It is responsible for approximate
nd there are regional differences in both the risk for and etiology of diarrhea. The world is generally divided into 3 grades of risk
ent outlook/prognosis. In some patients, especially those with concomitant diseases that cause suppression of immunity (e.g. t
ghest number of cases are seen in women between age 16 and 35. Trichomonas vaginalis is spread through sexual contact with
ms. When trichomoniasis does cause symptoms, they can range from mild irritation to severe inflammation. Some people with
raphic affected by Trichomoniasis. Other at-risk groups include persons with a compromised immune system, sexually active in
nusual vaginal discharge or irritation is noted. Also call for an appointment if you suspect that you have been exposed to the di
ndividuals, generally, make a full recovery.
as (flatus) Indigestion Irritability Muscle cramps Numbness Paleness Weight lossIn children, sprue leads to:Delay in the maturin
mall intestine due to having too much of certain types of bacteria in the intestines.
opical destinations
velops, the bacteria spread out from the alveoli to the lungs and then to other organ systems. Consequently, depending on wh
acterium tuberculosis. The bacteria often affect the lungs but TB bacteria can damage any part of the body such as the kidney,
air (cough, sneeze, or speaking) and physical contact.The following individuals are at higher risk for developing active TB:Elderl
or traveled to areas with endemic TB disease You develop signs and symptoms of TB Your symptoms continue in spite of treatm

how this improvement until later. The outlook is excellent if pulmonary TB is diagnosed early and treatment is begun quickly.T
and chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Severe headache Stiff neck (meningism
sis, the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. The bacteria spread to the brain and spine from another site in the body. Tuberculous
monary tuberculosis Weakened immune system
rgency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has the following symptoms:Feeding problems High-pitched cry Irri
rm follow-up is needed to detect repeated infections (recurrences).
iarrhea Lethargy Seizure Tetany paresthesias Arrhythmias Hypotension Hematuria Flank pain Hypertension Edema Oliguria Anu
mphoma Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia Chemotherapy including methotrexate
umors Solid tumors.
and if not associated with renal failure. Without treatment, tumor lysis syndrome will result in cardiac arrhythmia and electroly
feet Wide and webbed neckA combination of the following symptoms may be seen in older females:Absent or incomplete dev
our genes and DNA, the building blocks of the body. Two of these chromosomes, the sex chromosomes, determine if you becom
ales. Females with a family history of Turner syndrome are at risk.
ully monitored by their doctor.
ally with paleness, anemia, and dehydration.The recipient twin is born larger, with redness, too much blood, and increased blo
twin that loses the blood is called the donor twin. The twin that receives the blood is called the recipient twin.Both infants ma
for both babies. However, severe cases may result in the death of a twin.
lty paying attention (attention deficit) Delirium Fluctuating mood Hallucinations Nosebleeds Severe fatigue Slow, sluggish, letha
ough contaminated food, drink, or water. If you eat or drink something that is contaminated, the bacteria enters your body, and

sure to typhoid fever or if you have been in an endemic area and symptoms of typhoid fever develop. Also call your health care
outcome is likely to be good with early treatment, but becomes poor if complications develop. Symptoms may return if the tre
al pain Backache Diarrhea Dull red rash that begins on the middle of the body and spreads Extremely high fever (105 - 106 degr
hi or Rickettsia prowazekii. The form of typus depends on which type of bacteria causes the infection. Rickettsia typhi causes m
us. This serious disorder can require emergency care.
th epidemic typhus. Patients over age 60 have the highest risk of death. Patients who receive treatment quickly should comple
Vomit that looks like coffee grounds Bowel movements that are black and sticky
stomach or small intestine. Irritation of the stomach or esophagus can also cause an upper GI bleed. A group of medicines call
nal bleeding include:Advancing age Previous history of gastrointestinal bleed Chronic kidney disease Underlying cardiovascular
at looks like coffee grounds Have a bowel movement that looks like tar or has blood in it Feel weak, light-headed, or woozy Hav
rtality rate of patients with nonvariceal UGIB is approximately 10%.
ever, over time the baby develops poor feeding, vomiting, and sleepiness which may be so deep that the baby is difficult to aw
ed from the body. When you eat proteins, the body breaks them down into amino acids. Ammonia is produced from leftover am
ficiency than girls. Girls are rarely affected. Those girls who are affected have milder symptoms and develop the disease later in
ood, have the child examined by a genetic or metabolic specialist. If there is a family history of urea cycle disorder, seek genetic
y they have How severe it is How early it is discovered How closely they follow a protein-restricted dietBabies diagnosed in the
tion.These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by urethral cancer or by other conditions. There may be no signs or sy
ed a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn’t mean that you will no
ors:Anatomical location Size Stage Depth of invasionSuperficial tumors located in the distal urethra of both the female and mal
urine, which may have a foul or strong odor Low fever (not everyone will have a fever) Pain or burning with urination Pressure
hat enter the urethra and then the bladder. This can lead to infection, most commonly in the bladder itself, which can spread to
the vagina can be pushed into the urethra during regular bowel movements, sexual intercourse, or use of certain birth control
TI. Call right away if the following symptoms develop:Back or side pain Chills Fever VomitingThese may be signs of a possible ki
ally successful. Symptoms of a bladder infection usually disappear within 24 - 48 hours after treatment begins. If you have a kid
r grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Unusual vaginal bleedingTrouble urinatingPelvic pai
ncer is related to several factors. Abnormal estrogen levels may be the most important indicator.Hormone levels: Any change in
velop. If you experience a larger amount of vaginal bleeding, seek urgent medical care as soon as possible.
good because it can be diagnosed in the early stages. The prognosis depends on the following:The stage of uterine cancerWhe
lness, gas, or constipation Bleeding between periods Increase in urinary frequency Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), so
s 1 in 5 women may have fibroids during their childbearing years (the time after starting menstruation for the first time and be
our menstrual pattern, including a heavier flow, increased cramping, or bleeding between periods Fullness or heaviness develop
ed treatment.During a pregnancy, existing fibroids may grow due to the increased blood flow and estrogen levels. The fibroids
pidly and may vary depending on the form of uveitis: Anterior uveitisLight sensitivity Eye redness, tenderness, or pain Difficulty
es, bacteria, parasites, and exposure to toxic substances such as acid. Uveitis can also be caused by inflammatory diseases, auto
it is more common in women. Additionally, people are more likely to develop uveitis as they age .
ave symptoms of uveitis (e.g. eye pain or reduced vision). Uveitis requires an urgent referral and thorough examination by an o
Additionally, a more serious, potentially life-threatening medical condition could worsen if the uveitis is caused by an underlyi
r grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Abnormal vaginal bleeding, often after intercourse A
ncer is related to several factors.Vaginal adenosis: Clinical research suggest that having adenosis increases the risk of developin
velop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:A large amount of v
h some people having no or little change based on the physical and emotional stress they are experiencing. Some people feel ev
:Location of the tumor in vagina Length of the tumor in vaginal wall Stage of the cancer General health of the patient
l pain is common during sexual intercourse or an attempted pelvic exam.
s several possible causes, including past sexual trauma or abuse, psychological factors, or a history of discomfort with sexual in
successful vaginal penetration, contact your health care provider.
enerally very high.
n, redness, and swelling) of the labia majora, labia minora, or perineal area Vaginal discharge Foul vaginal odor Discomfort or bu
mmon. It can be caused by bacteria, yeasts, viruses, and other parasites. Some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can also ca
mmon. It can be caused by bacteria, yeasts, viruses, and other parasites. Some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can also ca
esent or if known vulvovaginitis does not respond to treatment.

spital, especially if they are taking antibiotics for a long time Are older or who have long-term illnesses and weak immune syste
y include:Chills Clammy skin Excessive sweating Fever Joint stiffness Leakage (incontinence) of stool Muscle pain Poor feeding
h adults and children. Many types of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. The most common ones are:Astrovirus Enteric adenovir
dren and adults.
several days or if dehydration occurs. You should also contact your doctor if you or your child has these symptoms:Blood in th
me severely ill from dehydration caused by diarrhea.
general, patients with VHF present with:Abrupt onset of fever Myalgias Prostration Coagulopathy with:Petechial rash Ecchymos
of enveloped RNA viruses, including:Filoviruses, such as Ebola and Marburg viruses Arenaviruses, such as Lassa fever, Lujo, Gua
ct contact with symptomatic patients, body fluids, cadavers or through inadequate infection control measures (filoviruses, aren
ct your doctor. Common symptoms of Viral hemorrhagic fever include:Fever Bleeding, under the skin and/or through body orifi
ernal bleeding and fever (hemorrhagic fever) are deadly in up to half of cases.
lls Confusion Drowsiness Fever General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Headache Muscle pain Nausea and vomi
(causes a syndrome similar to meningitis) Infections near the brain or spinal cord, such as epidural abscesses Fungi Medications

a virus is usually a harmless disease. Less than 1% of patients have lasting symptoms. People usually recover fully 5 - 14 days aft
Use of anabolic steroidsIn newborn girls, the condition may be caused by:Certain medications taken by the mother during pregn
s may be very mild.More typical symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia include:Diarrhea or constipation Fatigue, lack of e
to provide vitamin B12 to your cells:You must eat enough foods that contain vitamin B12, such as meat, poultry, shellfish, eggs

age to the nerves may be permanent, especially if treatment is not started within 6 months of when the symptoms begin.
ools Distended abdomen Pain or tenderness in the abdomen Nausea or vomiting Shock Vomiting green materialSymptoms are
ore likely to develop a volvulus. However, a volvulus can occur without malrotation.Volvulus due to malrotation often occurs ea

a Blood tests to check electrolytes CT scan Stool guaiac (shows blood in the stool) Upper GI
thout apparent cause Easy bruising Nosebleeds Skin rash Prolonged bleeding after dental work
rand factor. Von Willebrand factor helps blood platelets clump together and stick to the blood vessel wall, which is necessary fo
. In women with heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, von Willebrand is more common in Caucasian women than in African
n.If you have von Willebrand disease and are scheduled for surgery or are in an accident, be sure you or your family notify the h
f the disease and can expect normal lifespan. Patients with more severe forms of the disease may require treatment and need
grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:A lump in the vulvaVulvar itching or tendernessBleed
cer is related to several factors.Human papilloma virus (HPV): Clinical survey shows HPV infection is thought to be responsible f
elop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:A large amount of bl
not the tumor can be removed by surgery The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recu
h some people having no or little change based on the physical and emotional stress they are experiencing. Some people feel ev
mor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Swollen salivary gland Lump near back of lower ja
gest that smoking has a close relationship with Warthin's tumor.
uscle coordination (ataxia) Leg tremor Vision changes Abnormal eye movements (back and forth movements called nystagmus)
ent conditions that are both due to brain damage caused by a lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine).A lack of vitamin B1 is common in p
ou have symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, or if you have been diagnosed with the condition and your symptoms get
y worse and can be life threatening. With treatment, you can control symptoms (such as uncoordinated movement and vision d
mptoms. Others may have only mild symptoms, which is called West Nile fever. Symptoms include:Skin rash Fever Headache Na
n Africa. It was first discovered in the United States in the summer of 1999 in New York. Since then, the virus has spread throug
the risk is low. Some people have a higher risk. People who are outside a lot have a greater chance of being bitten. People olde
le virus infection, especially if you may have had contact with mosquitoes. If you are severely ill, go to an emergency room.If yo
xcellent.For patients with severe cases of West Nile virus infection, the outlook is more uncertain. West Nile encephalitis or me
symptoms. A severe infection may cause:Bloody diarrhea Iron-deficiency anemia Fecal incontinence (during sleep) Rectal prola
lus trichiura. It is a common infection that mainly affects children.Children may become infected if they swallow soil contamina
rhea. In addition to whipworm, there are many other infections and illnesses that can cause similar symptoms.

or forearm ("back" of the hand) "Thumb side" (radial surface) of the hand Fingers nearest to the thumb (2nd and 3rd fingers) D
erve, which travels down the arm and controls movement of the triceps muscle at the back of the upper arm. It also controls th
rm, and you develop numbness, tingling, or weakness.
fully treated, there is a good chance that you will fully recover. In some cases, there may be partial or complete loss of moveme
d a "mother yaw" where bacteria entered the skin. The sore is a growth that may be tan or reddish and looks like a raspberry. It
onema pallidum, subspecies pertenue. It is closely related to the bacterium that causes syphilis, but this disease is not sexually
h as the Caribbean Islands, Latin America, West Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. Yaws is transmitted by direct contact with the
on the skin or bone that don't go away, and you have stayed in tropical areas where yaws is known to occur.
y take several months to heal. By its late stage, yaws may have already caused damage to the skin and bones. It may not be ful
ay progress to hemorrhage) Coma Decreased urination Delirium Fever Headache Jaundice Muscle aches (myalgia) Red eyes, fac
e of mosquitoes. This disease is common in South America and in sub-Saharan Africa.Yellow fever has three stages:Early stage: H
of severe infection. It is common in South America and in sub-Saharan Africa. If a person is bitten by an infected mosquito, sym
ilure, renal failure, and shock. Tell your health care provider right away if you or your child develop fever, headache, muscle ac
bleeding and fever (hemorrhagic fever) are deadly in up to half of cases.
nd protrusion (proptosis) Dark nasal eschar (scabbing) Fever Headache Redness of skin overlying sinuses Sinus pain or congesti
e soil and in decaying vegetation. Most individuals are exposed to these fungi on a daily basis, but people with weakened immu
e diabetes (usually poorly controlled diabetes), chronic steroid use, metabolic acidosis, organ transplantation, leukemia, lymph
s (including diabetes) should seek medical attention if they develop fever, headache, sinus pain, eye swelling, or any of the othe
essive surgery is done. Death rates range from 25 - 85% depending on the body area involved and your overall health.
mph nodeLymph nodes may feel rubbery if an abscess has formed.
mph vessels, and organs that produce and move a fluid called lymph from tissues to the bloodstream. For more information on
ecovery, though it may take weeks, or even months, for swelling to disappear. The amount of time until recovery occurs will va
d hormone production: Fatty, rounded hump high on the back just below the neck (buffalo hump) Flushed rounded face with p
than 5 and adults in their 30s and 40s. Adrenocortical carcinoma may be linked to a cancer syndrome that is passed down thro
s of adrenocortical carcinoma, Cushing syndrome, or failure to grow.
whether the tumor has spread (metastasized). Tumors that have spread usually lead to death within 1 to 3 years.
Usual symptoms include:Chronic, worsening fatigue Muscle weakness Loss of appetite Weight loss Nausea and vomiting Diarrh
ds Pernicious anemia Chronic fungal infections Chronic active hepatitis Diabetes Vitiligo Tuberculosis Amyloidosis AIDS -associat
s called an addisonian crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency. It is fetal and needs urgent medical care. If you experience either of
e patient has received hormone replacement or not. When stress happens on the patients with adrenal insufficiency, whether t
fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even when she is underweight Refuse to keep weight at what is considered normal for
ors probably are involved. Genes and hormones may play a role. Social attitudes promoting very thin body types may also be inv
ocused on rules Being more worried about, or paying more attention to, weight and shape Having eating problems during infan
r-exercising Limiting his or her food intake Very underweightGetting medical help right away can make an eating disorder less
ome estimates, it leads to death in 10% of cases. Experienced treatment programs can help people with the condition return t
nstipation Growth failure Increased frequency of urination Muscle cramping and weaknessGitelman syndrome can present with
tion is present from before birth (congenital).The condition is thought to be caused by a defect in the kidney's ability to reabsor
 mps Not growing well Urinating frequently
t certain. Infants who have severe growth failure may grow normally with treatment. Although most patients remain well with
he syndrome about 10% of the time. When symptoms do occur, they may include:Abdominal pain that comes and goes Bright
n in people with carcinoid tumors. These tumors are rare, and often slow growing. Carcinoid syndrome occurs only 10% of the
nts are at risk of carcinoid syndrome. Such patients are more likely to experience this syndrome if they have a gastrointestinal c
ave symptoms of carcinoid syndrome.
m the outlook in patients who have carcinoid tumors without the syndrome. In people with the syndrome, the tumor has usua
on the cause. Many times, confusion is temporary. Other times it is permanent and not curable. It may be associated with del
ectrolyte imbalance Head trauma or head injury Illness in an elderly person Illness in a person with existing neurological disease
ing a hospital stay.Some confused people may have strange or unusual behavior or may act aggressively.
symptoms such as: Cold or clammy skin Dizziness or feeling faint Fast pulse Fever Headache Slow or rapid breathing Uncontroll
y signs at birth.Some may have one or more of the following symptoms:Weight gain Puffy face Swollen tongue Hoarse cry Low
abnormally developed thyroid gland Pituitary gland's failure to stimulate the thyroid Defective or abnormal formation of thyro
HR genes result in congenital hypothyroidism.
s or symptoms of hypothyroidism You are pregnant and have been exposed to antithyroid drugs or procedures
he baby starts thyroid hormone replacement therapy early.The earlier the treatment begins, the better outcome the baby will b
the kidney's ability to function starts to decline. Symptoms develop late in the disease and may include:Fatigue Foamy appeara
elieved that uncontrolled high blood sugar leads to the development of kidney damage, especially when hypertension is also p
more likely to develop this condition:African American, Hispanic, or American Indian origin Family history of kidney disease or h
e urinalysis shows protein. Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of diabetic nephropathy, or if new symptom
with diabetes. It is the leading cause of long-term kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease in the United States, and often le
ew with diabetic retinopathy.Early diabetic retinopathy does not have any symptoms. With the devolpment, people may notice
patient has diabetes, the more likely he/she will get diabetic retinopathy.
in the past year, you need to schedule and appointment for a check up. Additionally, call your doctor if any of the following sy
ood sugar and blood pressure are controlled well. Whether your retinopathy is treated early
w days of life if they eat formula or breast milk that contains lactose. The symptoms may be due to a serious blood infection wi
own through families.It occurs in approximately 1 out of every 60,000 births among Caucasians. The rate is different for other g
of galactosemia symptoms You have a family history of galactosemia and are considering having children
cts can live a relatively normal life. However, mild intellectual impairment may develop, even in people who avoid galactose.
not life threatening to the pregnant woman. Often, the blood sugar (glucose) level returns to normal after delivery.Symptoms m
n this happens, glucose levels may increase in a pregnant woman's blood.
than 25 when you are pregnant Have a family history of diabetes Gave birth to a baby that weighed more than 9 pounds or had
symptoms of diabetes.
r blood sugar and avoid harm to themselves or their baby.Pregnant women with gestational diabetes tend to have larger babie
bleeds Fatigue Irritability Puffy cheeks, thin chest and limbs, and swollen belly
zyme) that releases glucose from glycogen. This causes abnormal amounts of glycogen to build up in certain tissues. When glyc
cogen storage disease or early infant death due to low blood sugar.
quality of life have improved for people with von Gierke disease. Those who are identified and carefully treated at a young age c

e) that releases glycogen. This causes abnormal amounts of glycogen to build up in certain tissues.Pompe disease is inherited, w

cogen storage disease or symptoms such as hypotonia and muscle weakness.

e 2, the prognosis may vary. The prognosis is comparatively better as age of onset increases.
minal protrusion
hat releases glucose from glycogen. This causes abnormal amounts of glycogen to build up in certain tissues. When glycogen is

cogen storage disease or early infant death due to low blood sugar.
quality of life have improved for people with cori disease. Those who are identified and carefully treated at a young age can live
ge from a single small nodule to a large neck lump.The swollen thyroid can put pressure on the windpipe and esophagus, which
or no known reason, or when the thyroid gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone to meet the body's needs. The
er 40 years Family history of goiter Female gender Not getting enough iodine in the diet
the front of your neck or any other symptoms of goiter.
e. Over time, destruction to the thyroid may cause the gland to stop making enough thyroid hormone. This condition is called h

gens are hormones that create male characteristics, such as hair growth, muscle size, and a deep voice. Estrogens are hormone
, or enlargement in one or both breasts. There is dark or bloody discharge from the nipples. There is a skin sore or ulcer over th
weakness Numbness
the adrenal gland that causes it to release too much aldosterone. In secondary hyperaldosteronism, the excess aldosterone is

eriods) Changes in female body contours Decrease in breast size Increase in body hair in a male pattern (hirsutism) such as on t
ut 40 - 50% of the body's testosterone. Both tumors of the ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can cause excess and
ess androgen production.If the condition is caused by an ovarian tumor, surgical removal of the tumor may correct the problem
y have the following symptoms:Irregular heartbeat Nausea Slow, weak, or absent pulse
digestion, metabolism, and homeostasis (maintaining a balance between the many electrical and chemical processes of the bo
n the fluid outside the cells and in the bloodstream. Acidosis leads to the movement of potassium from inside the cells to the fl
(such as 911) if you have symptoms of hyperkalemia. Emergency symptoms include:Absent or weak heartbeat Changes in brea
sorder causes deadly complications, while others tolerate it well.
ss to fluids or any condition that limits fluid intake or during an illness such as pneumonia, heart attack, stroke or pregnancy are
betic patient, if you experience either of the following symptoms:Vomiting or nausea Fatigue Cramps Decreased consciousness

n:Whether the patient is diagnosed or treated in time. The age of the patient as individual more than 65 years of age have wors
al signs include the following:Goiter Increased appetite, but weight loss Palpitation Hypertension Increased sensitivity to heat
gestion Over-medicating with synthetic thyroid hormone
develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Palpitation Sever
sis depends on whether or not the patient has severe complications.
ry vision Fatigue General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Headache Hunger Irritability (possible aggression) Nerv
up too quickly Glucose is released into the bloodstream too slowly Too much insulin is released into the bloodstreamInsulin is

cy number (such as 911) if early signs of hypoglycemia do not improve after you've eaten a snack containing sugar.Get immedi
mia Whether the patient is diagnosed and treated in time.
mus) Convulsions Fatigue Muscle spasms or cramps Muscle weakness Numbness
holism Chronic diarrhea High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) Hyperaldosteronism Malabsorption syndromes, such as celia
ur health care provider if you have symptoms of this condition.

ich pituitary hormones are deficient. Abdominal pain Loss of appetite and weight loss Hypotension Sensitivity to cold Visual dis
toimmune inflammation, such as hypophysitis Stroke Infections of the brain, such as meningitis Tuberculosis Infiltrative disease
uitarism: Prognosis of hypopituitarism resulting from tumor is worse than other causes. The reaction of hormone replacement
pomas are often located under the skin. They often affect the neck, shoulders, back, arms and thighs. They are usually less than
may help the development of lipoma. Genetic factors likely play a role in the development of lipomas.
dly growing mass needs further evaluations.

ater. You will produce large amounts of urine, usually more than 3 - 15 liters per day.If you do not drink enough fluids, dehydra
s do not respond to a chemical in the body called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin. ADH normally tells the k
pidus is present at birth as a result of an inherited defect that usually affects men, although women can pass the gene on to th
genic diabetes insipidus.
t effects on the fluid or electrolyte balance of the body.If the person does not drink enough fluids, high urine output may cause
r example, insulinomas produce insulin, which helps the body lower blood sugar levels. Symptoms may include: Feeling tired o
es that regulate a variety of bodily functions, such as blood sugar level and the production of stomach acid.Tumors that arise fro
is a risk factor for islet cell tumors.
e tumors, especially if you have a family history of MEN I.
they have spread to other organs. If tumors are cancerous, chemotherapy may be used, but it usually cannot cure patients.Life-
ptoms occurring late in the disease include:Bone pain or tenderness Fractures with little or no trauma Loss of height (as much a
rchers estimate that about 1 out of 5 American women over the age of 50 have osteoporosis. About half of all women over the
orosis, have a greater than average risk of developing osteoporosis. Other risk factors include:Absence of menstrual periods (am
orosis or if you wish to be screened for the condition.
but vertebrae that have already collapsed cannot be reversed. Some persons with osteoporosis become severely disabled as a r
ations Rapid heart rate Severe headache Sweating Weight lossOther symptoms that can occur with this disease:Hand tremor H
an one growth. It usually develops in the center (medulla) of one or both adrenal glands. Rarely, this kind of tumor occurs outsi
romocytoma You had a pheochromocytoma in the past and your symptoms return
ed with surgery are still alive after 5 years. The tumors come back in less than 10% of these patients. Levels of the hormones no
ones. As a result, symptoms of one or more of the following conditions can occur:Hyperthyroidism Cushing syndrome Gigantism
e are part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia I (MEN I).
a pituitary tumor.
od, depending upon whether the entire tumor is removed.
show signs of secondary sex characteristics.GirlsFirst period (menstruation) Mature outer genitals Rapid height growth Breasts
es, or adrenal glands Hypothalamic hamartoma McCune-Albright syndrome Tumors that release a hormone called hCG
, call your health care provider to identify the cause of the disease.

without other signs of puberty.

ne problems can occur when:Changes occur to the parts of the brain where hormones that help manage the menstrual cycle a
average around 12 years old. Primary amenorrhea typically occurs when a girl is older than 15, if she has undergone other norm
and has not yet begun menstruating, or if she is 14 and shows no other signs of puberty.
enorrhea. If the amenorrhea is caused by one of the following conditions, there is a good chance that it can be corrected with m
grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Abnormal milk flow from the breast in a woman who
ered cell growth, the cause of pituitary tumors remains unknown. It has been shown that stress can significantly raise prolactin
noma). It makes up at least 30% of all pituitary adenomas. Most pituitary tumors are noncancerous (benign). Prolactinoma may
elop. If you have had a prolactinoma in the past, call your health care provider if the symptoms return.
her or not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or h
al signs include the following:Goiter Increased appetite, but weight loss Palpitation Hypertension Increased sensitivity to heat
gestion Over-medicating with synthetic thyroid hormone
develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Palpitation Sever
sis depends on whether or not the patient has severe complications.
e or more menstrual periods that started on their ownOther symptoms that can occur with secondary amenorrhea include:Brea
not considered to have secondary amenorrhea.Women who are taking birth control pills or receive hormone shots such as De
to scar tissue formation that may cause a woman to stop menstruating. This is called Asherman syndrome. Scarring may also be
or OB/GYN provider if you have missed more than one period so that you can get diagnosed and treated, if necessary.
conditions that cause secondary amenorrhea will respond to treatment.
e serum sodium concentration and the speed with which this concentration falls. Usual symptoms include:Nausea and vomiting
resent with features of electrolyte disturbances, there are many non-associated diseases that present like SIADH. The most com
n such as meningitis and encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, delirium tremens, multiple sclerosis Pulmonary disease: Small c
tation of SIADH varies. It can be asymptomatic, or present with features of mild hyponatremia, such as: Fatigue Vomiting Malai
the promptness of treatment. Prognosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) also depends largely on it
ngs.As you age, our metabolism slows down. This can cause weight gain if you eat too much, eat the wrong foods, or do not get
cur along with the weight gain:Constipation Excessive weight gain without a known cause Hair loss Sensitivity to cold Swollen f
measure your height and weight to calculate your body mass index (BMI), and ask questions about your weight gain, such as:Ar
ea and vomiting Weight loss DiarrheaOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A
son syndrome is Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Other risk factors include alcohol abuse.
 yndrome develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe
ly depends on the nature and extent of the disease.
Abdominal bloating Cramping abdominal pain Feeling of fullness in the stomach Diarrhea Constipation Pre-menstrual or menstr
al reflux Irritable bowel syndrome Lactose intolerance and other food intolerances Overeating Small bowel bacterial overgrowth

xamination, as it develops slowly.The abdomen is divided into four quadrants:Right-upper quadrant Left-upper quadrant Right-
the navel. Bladder distention (urinary bladder over-filled with fluid) can cause a firm mass in the center of the lower abdomen
our abdomen along with severe abdominal pain. This could be a sign of a ruptured aortic aneurysm, which is an emergency con
her, a majority of which are not caused by a serious medical problem.How bad your pain feels doesn't always reflect the serious
s to know when you need to get immediate medical care. Sometimes you may only need to call a doctor if your symptoms conti
ber (such as 911) if you:Are currently being treated for cancer Are pregnant or could be pregnant Are unable to pass stool, esp
mal embryo development.
ptom or sign. The disorder is revealed by other diseases such as diabetic, disorder of biliary tract or duodenum, or abdominal tr
o development.
as develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdom
ndary pathologic changes take place or not. If any carcinomatous change on accessory pancreas, outcome of patient is poor.
dle of the abdomen. The pain may:Sharp, cramping, or dull Steady Radiating to the back or below the right scapulaOther sympt
e gallbladder. Other causes include severe illness and (rarely) tumors of the gallbladder. Acute cholecystitis occurs when bile b
mericans and Hispanics have a higher rate of gallstones than most other people.
r a previous episode

oating, nausea, or an urgent need to use the bathroom. Depending on the cause, a person may have a fever or bloody stools.
c infection. Chronic diarrhea is usually related to functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel
or two or for months or years, depending on the cause. Most people get better on their own, but diarrhea can be serious for ba
ms:Pain Discharge, either bloody or purulent Pruritus ani or itching Fatigue Irritation of skin around the anus Visible redness an
al fistula. If you have any of these risk factors, discuss them with your doctor:Colitis or other inflammatory bowel disease, for e
op. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Discharge a lot of bloo

ue forward, difficulty feeding, excessive attachment of tongue to bottom of the mouth, V-shaped notch in tip of tongue.
t of the tongue is positioned too far forward on the tongue, making it difficult to move the tongue. This tissue is called the lingu

your health care provider examine it during a routine well-baby examination.

the right upper side or middle of the upper abdomen and may come and go. Pain is sharp, crampy, or dull and may move to th
occur when the duct is blocked by something, such as a gallstone or tumor. The infection causing this condition may also sprea
cholangitis, HIV, narrowing of the common bile duct, and, rarely, travel to countries where you might catch a worm or parasite
ave symptoms of cholangitis.
it. Modern improvements in diagnosis and treatment have led to a reduction in mortality.
ere may be no symptoms. Symptoms often develop slowly or suddenly, but a rapid buildup of fluid and symptoms may occur w
ue to liver disease is caused by high pressure in the blood vessels of the liver (portal hypertension) and low albumin levels.Cirrh
fever should contact their health care provider immediately.
sea Unintentional weight loss
y the blocked intestine. This blind loop does not allow the normal flow of digested food through the intestinal tract.When a sec
a procedure for obesity can put you at risk for developing blind loop syndrome.People who have IBD or scleroderma are also at
op syndrome.
e to: Abnormal blood vessels (vascular malformation) A tear in the esophagus from violent vomiting (Mallory-Weiss tear) Bleed
the color of your stool. Even if you think that hemorrhoids are causing the blood in your stool, your doctor should examine you
re throat pain Upper abdominal pain Fever Pain with swallowing
ng Vomiting Childbirth Procedures involving the esophagus (such as endoscopy) Prolonged coughing or laughing
Medication-induced esophagitis Barrett's Infectious ulcers
mmon bile duct. Symptoms that may occur include:Abdominal pain in the right upper or middle upper abdomen that may: Com
ct into the duodenum, some stones may be too large to pass through the CBD and will cause an obstruction.
oledocholithiasis can occur in people who have had their gallbladder removed
minal pain with or without fever develops that is not attributable to other causes, if jaundice develops, or if other symptoms su
be life threatening. However, with prompt diagnosis and treatment, the outcome is usually very good.Biliary cirrhosis Cholangi
test in the upper abdomen May last from hours to days Eventually may be continuous May be worsened by eating or drinking M
in the pancreas. This makes the pancreas unable to produce the right amount of chemicals (enzymes) needed to digest fat. It a
men. This may be because alcohol-use disorders are more common in men.
evelop symptoms of pancreatitis You have pancreatitis and your symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment
ou can reduce the risk by avoiding alcohol.
ms may include:Blood in the stools Change in bowel habit Fatigue caused by losing blood over time
ans they are not a cancer and do not spread. You may have one or many polyps. They become more common with age. There a
than polyps smaller than 1 centimeter. Risk factors include:Age Family history of colon cancer or polyps A type of polyp called v
nge in bowel habit

not removed can develop into cancer over time.

by is born, because of ineffective movement of the diaphragm and crowding of the lung tissue, which causes collapse. The reas
uctures during fetal development. As a result, the abdominal organs such as the stomach, small intestine, spleen, part of the liv
to 5,000 live births. Most affect the left side. Having a parent or sibling with the condition slightly increases your risk.
fluid. Fetal ultrasound may show abdominal contents in the chest cavity.Examination of the infant shows:Irregular chest move
ort to pass, you have constipation. The passage of large, wide stools may tear the mucosal membrane of the anus, especially in
large intestine, works. As food moves through the colon, the colon absorbs water from the food while it forms waste products
laints in the United States. More than 4 million Americans have frequent constipation, accounting for 2.5 million physician visit
erity of the constipation, the person’s age, and whether blood in stools, recent changes in bowel habits, or weight loss have occ
al cramps and an inability to pass gas or stool (DO NOT take any laxatives -- call immediately!) Sharp or severe abdominal pain,
onary infections (cause frequent coughing that brings up thick sputum that is sometimes bloody) Nasal polyps (growths in the n
salt and water in and out of the cells. In people who have cystic fibrosis, the gene makes a protein that doesn't work well. This
hildren who inherit two faulty CFTR gene from both parents will have CF.

ed over past decades because of better symptomatic treatment strategies. In patients with cystic fibrosis, lung complications a
oating, nausea, or an urgent need to use the bathroom. Depending on the cause, a person may have a fever or bloody stools.
c infection. Chronic diarrhea is usually related to functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel
or two or for months or years, depending on the cause. Most people get better on their own, but diarrhea can be serious for ba
th sides of the groin that may increase in size and disappear when lying down; in males, it can present as a swollen or enlarged
ration of the abdominal muscles, which causes weakening of the muscles during the adult years.
d and is much more common in males than females.
al history and conducts a physical examination. The person may be asked to stand and cough so the doctor can feel the hernia
s,but some people may experience any combination of the following symptoms:Cramping Bloating Constipation Bleeding Inflam
ink a diet low in fiber is the main cause. Fiber is a part of food that your body cannot digest. It is found in many fruits and veget
tting it increases about every 10 years. About half of people between the ages of 60 and 80 have diverticular disease. Almost ev
ausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or change in bowel habits.
ut some people have severe symptoms. Diverticulitis can attack suddenly and causeBleeding Serious infections Rips in the pouc
e area between the navel and the lower part of the breastbone A feeling of fullness that is bothersome and occurs soon after th
ng spicy, fatty, or greasy foods Eating too much (overeating) Eating too fast Emotional stress or nervousness High-fiber foods T
n, chest pain, back pain, profuse sweating, anxiety, or a feeling of impending doom. These are possible heart attack symptoms.
attention to the stomach area and digestive tract. You will be asked questions about your symptoms, including:Do you drink a
or pressure in the neck or upper or lower chest may be present, as well as:Cough or wheezing that becomes worse Coughing u
e to control how the muscles of the mouth, throat, and esophagus work together. Much of swallowing occurs without you bein
mprove after a few days, or they come and go.Call your doctor right away if:You have a fever or shortness of breath You are losin
 s Coughing, gagging, and choking with attempted feeding Drooling Poor feeding
s before birth. There are several types. In most cases, the upper esophagus ends and does not connect with the lower esophag

aby's health care provider if the baby vomits repeatedly after feedings, or if the baby develops breathing difficulties.

loss Regurgitation of food

es caused by an endoscope Long-term use of a nasogastric (NG) tube (tube through the nose into the stomach). Swallowing sub
that do not go away.

a repeat dilation.
Tender lump in the groin or upper thigh
mall intestine, push through a weak point or tear in the thin muscular wall of the abdomen that holds the abdominal organs in

necessary.
octor cannot see or feel tumors during a routine physical exam. Therefore, it is hard to diagnose gallbladder cancer early. Some
ng gallbladder cancer. These risk factors include:Gallstones: This is the most common risk factor for gallbladder cancer. It is esti
ect in the early stages. If symptoms of gallbladder cancer develop, go to see your doctor as soon as possible:Severe abdominal
if the cancer is detected in its late stages. The prognosis of gallbladder cancer also depends on the following factors:Whether o
octor cannot see or feel tumors during a routine physical exam. Therefore, it is hard to diagnose gallbladder cancer early. Some
ng gallbladder cancer. These risk factors include:Gallstones: This is the most common risk factor for gallbladder cancer. It is esti
ect in the early stages. If symptoms of gallbladder cancer develop, go to see your doctor as soon as possible:Severe abdominal
if the cancer is detected in its late stages. The prognosis of gallbladder cancer also depends on the following factors:Whether o
etite Nausea Vomiting Vomiting blood or coffee-ground like material
of alcohol Consuming excessive amounts of caffeine Taking medications such as aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammator
toms of gastritis persist longer than 2 or 3 days. Call your healthcare provider if you have any of the following symptoms:Blood

o called acid indigestion—burning-type pain in the lower part of the mid-chest, behind the breast bone, and in the mid-abdom
r, research shows that in people with GERD, the LES relaxes while the rest of the esophagus is working. Anatomical abnormaliti
cleroderma Smoking Drinking a lot of alcohol Consuming drinks that contain caffiene Consuming the following foods:Citrus fruit
mprove with lifestyle changes or medication.Also call for any of the following symptoms:Bleeding Choking (coughing, shortness
ifestyle changes and medications. However, many patients need to continue to take drugs to control their symptoms.
detected on a lab test such as the fecal occult blood test. Other signs of GI bleeding include:Dark, tarry stools Larger amounts o
uding:Anal fissure HemorrhoidsHowever, GI bleeding may also be a sign of more serious diseases and conditions, such as the fo
ry stools (this may be a sign of GI bleeding) You have blood in your stool You vomit blood or you vomit material that looks like c
ry stools (this may be a sign of GI bleeding) You have blood in your stool You vomit blood or you vomit material that looks like c
very dark) in the stool or vomit. Pain in the abdomen, which may be severe. Feeling very tired. Trouble or pain when swallowin
of GIST. Around 95% of these mutations are sporadic (isolated) with less than 5% occur as part of hereditary, familial, or idiopat
ndividuals in the age group of 50-80 years are believed to be at the highest risk. The risk of GIST is also increased in people with
gent medical care as soon as possible.Severe abdominal pain - The reason a person with GIST appears to have severe abdomina
end on the following:How quickly the cancer cells are growing and dividing. The size of the tumor. Where the tumor is in the bo
the upper abdomen Nausea Vomiting of undigested food—sometimes several hours after a meal Early feeling of fullness after
ith diabetes have high blood glucose, also called blood sugar, which in turn causes chemical changes in nerves and damages th
stemic sclerosis Use of medication that inhibits certain nerve signals (anticholinergic medication)
history, your doctor may order several blood tests to check blood counts and chemical and electrolyte levels. To rule out an obs
perglucagonemia and hypoaminoacidemia:DiarrheaExcess thirstFrequent urination and nighttime urinationIncreased appetiteI

elop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe diarrhea
rognosis of glucagonoma depends on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgeryThe stage of the tum
urn very often, you may have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Normally when food or liquid enters your stomach, a ban
or sea sickness) Beta-blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease Calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure Dopam
 looks like coffee grounds Your stools are black (like tar) or maroon You have a burning feeling and a squeezing, crushing, or pre
describe to your doctor. Sometimes, heartburn can be confused with another stomach problem called dyspepsia. If the diagnos
od Nausea Abdominal pain Fatigue and weakness Sweat Dark colored, tar like stools Hypotension ShockOther health problems
ices caused by cirrhosisStomachPeptic ulcer Gastric erosions Gastritis Varices caused by cirrhosis Portal-hypertensive gastropat
occurs. This condition needs immediate medical evaluation.
se of hematemsis The rate and extent of hemorrhage Patient's general status
you cough up blood, including:Blood clot in the lung Breathing blood into the lungs (pulmonary aspiration) Bronchoscopy with
cough that produces more than a few teaspoons of blood Blood in your urine or stool Chest pain Dizziness Fever Light-headedn
any symptoms. When the tumors grow larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Abdominal pain and v
ng hepatocellular carcinoma. These risk factors include:Chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C Cirrhosis Inherited metabolic d
rcinoma develop. If one or more of the following symptoms emerge, seek medical care as soon as possible:Sudden severe abdo
ds on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of cancer: the size of the tumor, whether
ed by many conditions that can cause hepatomegaly, including:Alcohol use Congestive heart failure Glycogen storage disease H
ou may not be aware of the liver or spleen swelling.
m Dementia Coarse muscle movements, jerking Dark-colored urine Decreased urine production Nausea and vomiting Weight ga
ey function in a person with a liver disorder. Because less urine is removed from the body, nitrogen-containing waste products
iver failure. It is caused by the built-up effects of liver damage and kidney failure in people with:Acute liver failure Alcoholic hep
atment for a liver disorder.
t of secondary infections or hemorrhage.
e cancer grows larger, people with colorectal cancer may experience the following symptoms.Changes in bowel habits such as
olorectal cancer potentially. These risk factors are outlined in the table below:Colorectal polyps: Person with a history of adeno
develop. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdominal pain, seve
hose tumor is caught early may often be curable. It depends on the following:The size of the tumorLocation of the tumor in the
wing symptoms:Chronic abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea and vomiting Weight loss and malnutrition Indigestion and high level o
are associated with hereditary pancreatitis. The major mutations are known as cationic trypsinogen "R122H", "N29I". Further m
etic testing can be a valuable tool. Hereditary pancreatitis is a progressive disease with a high risk of permanent problems. Bloo
, and other medical orders. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible
last for months or years. Epidemiological data show hereditary pancreatitis has also been linked to an increased lifetime risk of
ringing in the ears Trouble swallowing Ear pain Change in the voice
oat cancer. Excessive alcohol use also increases risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol combined lead to an increased risk for throa
n are more likely than women to develop throat cancers.
ancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks. You find a lump in your

he stage (extent) of the cancer – in general, the survival rates are higher for people with earlier stage cancer. Many other facto
misplaced opening to the anus No passage of first stool within 24 - 48 hours after birth Stool passes out of the vagina, base of pe
erforate anus are associated with other birth defects. It is a relatively common condition that occurs in about 1 out of 5,000 infa
hysical exam. A fistula, an abnormal connection or opening between the intestine and bladder, suggest the existence imperfora
first examined. Call your baby's health care provider if the child that was treated for imperforate anus has abdominal pain or fa
od. The prognosis depends on primary fecal continence.
bdominal area. It may be tender and can cause discomfort during any type of physical strain, such as lifting or coughing. The bu
hronic and severe constipation Severe vomiting Chronic and intense coughing
hysical examination. The doctor will look for a bulge in the abdominal area and may ask you to cough as he puts light pressure
develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Sharp abdominal
e area between the navel and the lower part of the breastbone A feeling of fullness that is bothersome and occurs soon after th
ng spicy, fatty, or greasy foods Eating too much (overeating) Eating too fast Emotional stress or nervousness High-fiber foods T
serious health problem, unless other symptoms also occur, such as weight loss or trouble swallowing. Rarely, the discomfort of
attention to the stomach area and digestive tract. You will be asked questions about your symptoms, including:Does the disco
h sides of the groin that may increase in size and disappear when lying down; in males, it can present as a swollen or enlarged
e of the inguinal ring to close just after birth, leadving a weakness in the abdominal wall.
nias because there is less time for the inguinal canal to close. Males are also at a higher risk for developing indirect inguinal her
 ociated with an indirect inguinal hernia.
is. Recovery time varies depending on the size of the hernia, the technique used, and the age and health of the patient. Compl
aused by abdominal pain. The pain is colicky and not continuous (intermittent), but it comes back often, increasing in both inte
nward into itself. This can block the passage of food through the intestine. If the blood supply is cut off, the segment of intestin
dults, although most cases occur in children ages 6 months - 2 years Gender: It affects boys four times as often as girls
eveal a mass in the abdomen. There may also be signs of dehydration or shock.Tests may include:Abdominal x-ray Air or contra
ve mild symptoms. IBS symptoms may be worse in patients with underlying stress or mood disorders such as anxiety and depre
e theory is that people who suffer from IBS have a colon, or large intestine, that is particularly sensitive and reactive to certain f
es Age: people younger than 35 are at greater risk
bowel syndrome or if you notice a persistent change in your bowel habits.
ptoms can often be improved or relieved through treatment.
products. Symptoms may be worse when you consume large amounts.Symptoms include:Abdominal bloating Abdominal cram
k, including breast milk.Babies born too early (premature) sometimes have lactose intolerance. Children who were born at full
d certain ethnic and racial populations are more affected than others. Up to 80 percent of African Americans, 80 to 100 percen
e an infant younger than 2 or 3 years old who has symptoms of lactose intolerance. Your child is growing slowly or not gaining w
airy products, and other sources of lactose from your diet. Without dietary changes, infants or children may have growth probl
any symptoms. When the tumors grow larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Abdominal pain and v
ng hepatocellular carcinoma. These risk factors include:Chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C Cirrhosis Inherited metabolic d
rcinoma develop. If one or more of the following symptoms emerge, seek medical care as soon as possible:Sudden severe abdo
ds on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of cancer: the size of the tumor, whether
ies. Substantial evidence exists to support the usage of NOTES in various laboratory and clinical settings.
ntectomy and anastomosis . Pyloroplasty Transanal radical sigmoidectomy Transanal rectosigmoid resection Transesophageal
allergies Infections of the stomach or bowels, such as the "stomach flu" or food poisoning Leaking of stomach contents (food o
om poisoning. You notice blood or dark, coffee-colored material in the vomit.Call a health care provider right away or seek med
r is best seen right after gently pressing a finger onto the skin. The color sometimes begins on the face and then moves down t
the normal recycling of old red blood cells. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the
alled physiological jaundice. It usually appears between day 2 and 3, peaks between days 2 and 4, and clears by 2 weeks. Physio
5 days of life to check for jaundice.Those who spend less than 24 hours in a hospital should be seen by age 72 hours. Infants sen
dice usually gets better without treatment within 1 to 2 weeks.Very high levels of bilirubin can damage the brain. This is called
n can be felt in your mouth, throat, or esophagus. You may experience painful swallowing when drinking or eating food. Someti
such as the common cold. In such cases, painful swallowing will resolve on its own with time.Chronic painful swallowing may be
ral aging and normal wear and tear on the esophagus and a greater risk of certain conditions, such as stroke or Parkinson's dise
nful swallowing might resolve on its own with time. This is common after having a cold or severe allergies. Talk to your doctor if
tions can improve, along with painful swallowing. The key is to call your doctor if you experience prolonged symptoms.Left untr
ancreatitis, and include:Bloating of the abdomen Constant pain or deep ache in the abdomen, which may also be felt in the bac
severe, acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis is sudden swelling (inflammation) of the pancreas. The cyst happens when the du
e some type of trauma to the abdomen, especially small children
a pseudocyst, which feels like a mass in the middle or left upper abdomen.Tests that may help diagnose pancreatic pseudocys
d in the abdomen Inability to pass feces or gas Low urine output Nausea and vomiting Point tenderness ThirstAdditional sympto
abscess, may cause peritonitis.
er diseases that lead to cirrhosis, such as viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B or C). Spontaneous peritonitis also occurs in patients who ar
(such as 911) if you have symptoms of peritonitis.
he outcome is usually poor. However, in some cases, patients do poorly even with prompt and appropriate treatment. If prope
gums, inner lining of the mouth, and skin Clubbed fingers or toes Cramping pain in the belly area Dark freckles on and around t
onal Institutes of Health estimates that it affects about 1 in 25,000 to 300,000 births.There are 2 types of PJS:Familial PJS may b
1 or BRCA 2 mutations
has symptoms of this condition. Severe abdominal pain may be a sign of an emergency condition such as intussusception.
Some studies link PJS with cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, uterus, and ovaries.
the skin or whites of the eyesAn infection in the bile ducts can cause chills and fever. PSC progresses slowly, so a person can ha
lems, bacteria, and viruses may play roles in the development of the disease.
 out of four people with PSC have a type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. Most people with PSC are adults but the disease also oc
hat do not go away.
er time and most patients develop:Biliary cirrhosis Liver failure Persistent jaundiceSome patients develop recurrent infections o
ominal girth Abdominal pain Nausea Vomiting Bloating
it is shown in studies that pseudomyxoma mostly arises from the tumor of the appendix, and less commonly from ovary and co
0.1 person per 100,000 people and slightly is seen more in female and the average age at diagnosis is 50 years old.
tic at the beginning but any increase in abdominal girth, bloating, the sensation of fullness, abdominal pain warrants further ev
good prognosis with exception of those having high-grade neoplasm.
m the opening of the anus, especially following a bowel movement. The lining of the rectal tissue may be visible and may bleed
s:Anatomical abnormalities Perineal nerve injury (due to descent of the pelvic floor, vaginal delivery and excessive straining du
re such as straining, constipation or chronic coughing Obstetrical history (vaginal delivery, previous obstetrical trauma) Hormo

otherwise-healthy elderly patients with recurrent rectal prolapse, surgery can repair anatomic problems that predispose them
ny hours. The vomiting is quickly followed by irritable and aggressive behavior. As the condition gets worse, the child may be un
oms includeVarious inborn metabolic disorders Viral encephalitis Drug overdose or poisoning Head trauma Hepatic failure due
cases that occur with chickenpox are in children ages 5 - 9. Cases that occur with the flu (influenzae type B) are usually in child
(such as 911) immediately if your child has confusion, lethargy, or other mental changes.
ecovery of adults with the syndrome is generally complete, with liver and brain function returning to normal within two weeks
y of the legs Very foul-smelling stools Weight loss
hey are missing due to a birth defect (congenital defect), there may not be enough surface area left in the remaining bowel to a
quire surgery, such as Crohn's disease. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a common cause of short bowel syndrome in infants.
evelop symptoms of short bowel syndrome, especially if you recently had bowel surgery.
surgery. There may be a gradual improvement in nutrient absorption.
ells. These include red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body's tissues; white blood cells, which fight infection; and platele
w malfunctions and does not make some or all types of white blood cells.The disorder has also been associated with pancreatic
on with a family history of the syndrome is at risk.
hich means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive cond
syndrome is. Several hundred cases have been reported in scientific studies.
ercent of people with the characteristic features of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. This gene provides instructions for making
rge meal Pain on the upper left side of the abdomen
Cat scratch disease Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus) Other viral infections (Hepatitis) Parasitic
ver, some people have pain in the left upper section of the belly area. You should seek medical help right away if it is severe or
al pain and bloody diarrhea. Patients also may experience:Anemia Fatigue Weight loss Loss of appetite Rectal bleeding Loss of b
e with ulcerative colitis have abnormalities of the immune system, but doctors do not know whether these abnormalities are a
sh ancestry. The incidence is 10 to 15 out of 100,000 people. It may affect any age group, although there are peaks at ages 15 -
nal pain, new or increased bleeding, persistent fever, or other symptoms of ulcerative colitis.Call your health care provider if yo
y be inactive and then get worse over a period of years. Sometimes ulcerative colitis can progress quickly. A permanent and co
than 5 centimeters.There is a soft swelling over the belly button that often bulges when the baby sits up, cries, or strains. The b
h which blood vessels pass to feed the developing fetus doesn't close completely.
ng diseases: Mucopolysaccharide storage disease Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Down syndrome

rge amounts) Flushing or redness of the face Nausea Weight loss

hormone called vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). This hormone increases secretions from the intestines and relaxes some of
e 50. Women are more likely to be affected than men. This cancer is rare, affecting an estimated 1 in 10 million people per yea

e-half of patients, the tumor has spread by the time of diagnosis and cannot be cured.
nitial symptom. After that, often several years later, symptoms of gastrointestinal infection develop. Other symptoms may incl
ipplei. It can affect any system of the body, but occurs most often in the small intestine. Lesions appear on the wall of the smal
isorder mainly affects middle-aged white men.
pain and diarrhea.If you are being treated for Whipple's disease, call your healthcare provider if:Symptoms worsen or do not im
entia Difficulty moving arms and legs, stiffness Difficulty walking (ataxia) Emotional or behavioral changes Enlargement of the a
ry an abnormal gene for Wilson's disease, there is a 25% chance in each pregnancy that the child will have the disorder.Wilson
s disease. Call a genetic counselor if you have a history of Wilson's disease in your family and you are planning to have children
isorder may cause fatal effects, especially loss of liver function and toxic effects of copper on the nervous system. In cases whe
uch as: a downward slant to the eyes, hairline with a " widow's peak, a long area between the nose and mouth (philtrum), poor
, but females may have a milder form. The condition is caused by changes (mutations) in a gene called " faciogenital dysplasia "
mily history of Aarskog-Scott syndrome is at risk. Aarskog-Scott syndrome is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The gen

height of an adult male with achondroplasia is 131 centimeters (4 feet, 4 inches), and the average height for adult females is 1
gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in the development and maintenance of bone and brain tissue
or both of his parents are affected by it. In so far as achondroplasia is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder (if either pa
ve children, you may find it helpful to speak to your health care provider.
ligence is in the normal range.Dwarfism itself is not a disease. However, there is a greater risk of some health problems for peo
even gait that may look like the person is drunk Involuntary shifting of the eyes (nystagmus) Unusual speech patterns such as: M
of the brain that control movement, ataxia results. Some forms of ataxia are inherited. Such forms include:Friedreich ataxia Ty
higher risk for developing ataxia. Genetic testing may be recommended in these cases.
ore, if you think you might be experiencing ataxia, you should make an appointment with your medical care professional.
d whether or not a serious condition is the underlying cause of the ataxia.
n range from mild to severe. However, children with Down syndrome have a widely recognized appearance. The head may be s
ly history of Down syndrome who wish to have a baby. A woman's risk of having a child with Down syndrome increases as she
child needs special education and training. It is important for the child to have regular check ups with his or her doctor.
d the time of puberty. Physical features include:Large and protruding ears Elongated face Macroorchidism (large testicles in m
ation in the Fragile x Mental Retardation 1(FMR1) gene in X chromosome. Generally, these mutation (>200 repeats of CGG) occ
owever, the child with family history of Fragile x Syndrome, autism disorder of unknown cause, developmental delay, adult onse
an alteration in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Clinically, mentally retarded child with family history of Fragile
sis or mitral valve prolapse (most frequently encountered cardiac defect).
ude:Bone pain and fractures Cognitive impairment Easy bruising Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
stances to build up in the liver, spleen, bones, and bone marrow. The substances prevent cells and organs from working proper
0 people in the general population. Persons of Eastern and Central European (Ashkenazi) Jewish heritage are at highest risk for
. The infantile form of Gaucher disease may lead to early death. Most affected children die before age 5.Adults with the type 1
enetic counselors are present at high risk or specialty prenatal clinics that offer prenatal diagnosis, pediatric care centers, and a
) often occurs with increased head circumference. Symptoms of this condition include:Eyes moving downward Irritability Vomi
ad size)Canavan disease Hurler syndrome Hydrocephalus (congenital, post-traumatic, or obstructive) Intracranial bleeding Mor
outine well-baby exam.The health care provider will take a medical history and will perform a physical examination.Medical his
ness or vision problems Dementia Lack of muscle coordination Mental retardation with decreasing mental function Movement
uildup of an abnormal material called lipofuscin in the brain. Evidence suggests that NCLS is caused by problems with the brain'
means if both parents carry the trait, each child has:A 1 in 4 chance of having the disease A 2 in 4 chance of not having the dis
blindness or retardation.
er the risk for disability and early death. Those who develop the disease early can have vision problems that progress to blindn
the pigment responsible for skin and hair color. Therefore, infants with the condition often have lighter skin, hair, and eyes tha
own through families. Both parents must pass on the defective gene in order for a baby to have the condition. This is called an a
d for PKU. This is particularly important if anyone in your family has the disorder.
ollowed, starting shortly after the child's birth. If treatment is delayed or the condition remains untreated, brain damage will oc
ation at night Flank pain on one or both sidesAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this disease include the followi
s (inherited), usually as an autosomal dominant trait. If one parent carries the gene, the children have a 50% chance of develop
idney disease may be present.Call for an appointment with your health care provider if there is a family history of polycystic kid
ondition. In a family with several members with PKD, genetic tests can be done to determine whether a person at risk carries th
e kidney failure. It is also associated with liver disease, including infection of liver cysts.Medical treatment may provide relief of
infancy. However, within a year, affected children grow slowly and become much shorter and weigh much less than peers. The
ar. Researchers found that mutations in the LMNA gene may be associated with progeria. The LMNA gene provides instruction
 artery disease and stroke, which often appear in old people. These diseases may be severe and fatal. If your child experience e
er from diseases such as coronary artery disease, cataracts, osteoarthritis and stroke. Death occurs on average at age 13, usuall
n with very decreased muscle tone, weak muscles, and feeding and breathing problems. With SMA type III (the mildest form), s
e diseases. Grouped together, it is the second leading cause of neuromuscular disease. Most of the time, a person must get th
ections Scoliosis
ops any other symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy Has difficulty feedingBreathing difficulty can rapidly become an emergency
nt in infancy. Infants with this disorder typically appear normal until the age of 3 to 6 months, when their development slows an
means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition e
mptoms listed above
al function, including:Language Memory Perception Emotional behavior or personality Cognitive skills (such as calculation, abs
disease, but it is clear that it develops because of a complex series of events that take place in the brain over a long period of ti
AD.As you get older, your risk of developing AD increases. Nonetheless, developing Alzheimer's disease is not a normal aspect
ces symptoms of senile dementia / Alzheimer's disease.Call your health care provider if a person with this disorder experience
s quickly, it is more likely to worsen quickly. Patients with AD often die earlier than normal, although a patient may live anywhe
tudy those who have succeeded. Centenarians have written best selling books, excelled in sports, piloted airplanes, practiced m
o loud Difficulty following conversations when two or more people are talking Difficulty hearing in noisy areas Hard to tell high-
problem in the outer or middle ear. The three tiny bones of the ear (ossicles) may not conduct sound properly or the eardrum m
nerve, so that any touch or pressure is felt as pain Numbness along the path of the nerve In the same location each episode Sh
sufficiency Diabetes Infections, such as herpes zoster (shingles), HIV, Lyme disease, and syphilis Medications such as cisplatin, p

have symptoms of neuralgia, especially if over-the-counter pain medications do not relieve your pain You have severe pain (see
her life-threatening disorders. However, pain can be severe. For severe pain that does not improve, see a pain specialist so tha
demeclocycline, lithium, methoxyflurane, phenytoin, and propoxyphene Chronic or recurrent urinary tract infection Chronic ren
ve nighttime urination continues over several days, and is not explained by medications or increase of fluids before bedtime Yo
the stage of Parkinson's disease. In the early course, Parkinson's disease does not have any symptoms. As the disease develope
s believe that a combination of several factors is involved in the development of this disease.Free radicals Aging Environmental
se develop.
son. It depends on:Whether the patient can be treated early Whether the patient can get a good care or not Whether the patie
which gets increasing worse Pelvic pain during intercourseNote: In many cases, the woman may not have any symptoms.
mass or growth within the uterus, which is called an adenomyoma.
ad children. It is more likely in women with previous cesarean section or other uterine surgery.
evelop symptoms of adenomyosis.
ompletely relieves symptoms.
with sexual intercourse
he gland gets blocked. Fluid in the gland builds up and may become infected. Fluid may build up over many years before an ab
ful, swollen lump is noted on the labia near the vaginal opening and does not improve with 2 - 3 days of home treatment. Call
abscesses recur.It is important to treat any vaginal infection that may be diagnosed at the same time as the abscess.
your pelvis for examination. The health care provider will insert an instrument (speculum) into your vagina to open the vagina
nges that may lead to cancer at an early stage.This procedure is most often done when you have had an abnormal Pap smear. It
if you empty your bladder and bowel before the procedure.You should not douche, place any products into the vagina, or have
cervix may be more uncomfortable than for a regular Pap smear.Some women feel a slight sting from the vinegar or Lugol's sol
eavy or lasts for longer than 2 weeks. You have pain in your belly or in the pelvic area. You notice any signs of infection (fever, f

. You may have mild cramping, your vagina may feel sore, and you may have a dark discharge for 1 - 3 days.A colposcopy and b
two kinds of problems-unwanted urine leakage and incomplete emptying of the bladder. In some women, a fallen bladder str
Other kinds of straining-such as heavy lifting or repeated straining during bowel movements-may also cause the bladder to fal
ginal delivery of a child Risk increases with age and is seen more frequently in postmenopausal women. Hysterectomy - surgica
mentioned symptoms.
hospital or in a clinic while you are under general or local anesthesia.The health care provider will insert an instrument called a
erine cancer Remove tissue after a miscarriage Treat heavy menstrual bleeding or irregular periods Perform a therapeutic or el
possibly even the same day. There may be vaginal bleeding, as well as pelvic cramps and back pain for a few days after the proc
ritation from soaps, detergents, douches, or feminine hygiene products Hemorrhoids Herpes sores, genital warts, or other sexu
ther symptoms with painful intercourse, like bleeding, genital lesions, irregular periods, discharge from penis or vagina, or invo
ill lie on your back with your feet in stirrups.The health care provider will do a pelvic examination, and will insert an instrumen
ds (heavy, prolonged, or irregular bleeding) Bleeding after menopause Bleeding from taking hormone therapy medications Thic
o take ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) 1 hour before the procedure to reduce cramping.
he cervix is grasped. You may have some cramping as the instruments enter the uterus and the sample is collected.

e cancer. Early cancer does not have any symptoms. As the tumor grows larger, patients may feel the following symptoms.Pain
umor are not known.
develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe painSevere
hether the tumor is benign or cancerousWhether or not the tumor can be removed by surgeryThe stage of the cancer: the size a
mor usually arising from a maldeveloped gonad and it can manifest with non-specific symptoms such as:Excess hair overgrowth
rises in the setting of maldeveloped sex organs. There is also a hypothesis regarding the presence of a putative gene called TSP
ghest risk of developing gonadoblastoma. Sex organ maldevelopment disorders are referred to disorders manifesting with an ab
disorders such as:Androgen insensitivity syndrome Swyer syndrome Turner syndrome Frasier syndrome Denys-Drash syndrome

val of the tumor. In the case of a coexisting malignant tumor, the prognosis depends on the staging of that tumor.
octors often blame the symptoms on other, more common conditions. By the time the cancer is diagnosed, the tumor has ofte
n, and it causes more deaths than any other type of female reproductive cancer.The cause is unknown.
y several factors. The more children a woman has and the earlier in life she gives birth, the lower her risk for ovarian cancer. Ce
re a woman over 40 years old who has not recently had a pelvic examination. Routine pelvic examinations are recommended fo
y quite advanced by the time diagnosis is madeAbout 3 out of 4 women with ovarian cancer survive 1 year after diagnosis. Nea
drogens). Unwanted hair growth (hirsutism) in women may occur when the body makes too much male hormones.In most case
sociated with male features such as acne, deepening of voice, increased muscle mass, and decreased breast size. You are conce

provider when taking hormone therapy.If you have vaginal bleeding or other unusual symptoms during hormone therapy, call y
here are many different types of HPV, and many do not cause problems. However, certain types of HPV can lead to:Cervical can
ervical cancer and to prevent genital warts Males ages 9 - 26 to prevent genital wartsCervarix is approved for:Females age 10 -
PV vaccine You or your child develops complications or severe symptoms after getting an HPV vaccine You have other question
lead to cervical cancer. Girls and women should still receive regular screening (Pap tests) to look for any early signs of cervical c
here are many different types of HPV, and many do not cause problems. However, certain types of HPV can lead to:Cervical can
ervical cancer and to prevent genital warts Males ages 9 - 26 to prevent genital wartsCervarix is approved for:Females age 10 -
PV vaccine You or your child develops complications or severe symptoms after getting an HPV vaccine You have other question
lead to cervical cancer. Girls and women should still receive regular screening (Pap tests) to look for any early signs of cervical c
rus or just part of it. The fallopian tubes (the tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus) and ovaries may also be removed.Ty
he procedure may be recommended if you have:Cancer of the uterus, most often endometrial cancer Cancer of the cervix or a

ectomy. Recovery may take anywhere from 2 to 6 weeks. Average recovery times are:Abdominal hysterectomy: 4 - 6 weeks Va
may be caused by hormone changes from:Menopause (unless a woman is taking hormone replacement therapy) Menstruation
arge from your nipple Given birth within the last week and your breasts are swollen or hard Noticed a new lump with the pain t
g Tissue or clot-like material that passes from the vagina Vaginal bleeding, with or without abdominal cramps
make it impossible for the baby to develop. Usually, these problems are unrelated to the mother or father's genes.Other possibl
eases beginning by 30, becoming greater between 35 and 40, and highest after 40 Who have had previous miscarriages?
ut cramping occurs during pregnancy.Call your health care provider if you are pregnant and notice tissue or clot-like material pa
h care provider will insert an instrument (called a speculum) into the vagina and open it slightly to see inside the vaginal canal. C
ical cancers can be detected early if women has routine Pap smears and pelvic examinations.Screening should start at age 21.
s or birth control pills Have had an abnormal Pap smear Might be pregnantAvoid the following for 24 hours before the test:Dou
cramps. You may also feel some pressure during the exam.You may bleed a little bit after the test.
be missed in a small number of cases. Fortunately, cervical cancer develops very slowly in most women and follow-up Pap smea
tercourse Frequent urination or a sudden, urgent need to empty the bladder Low backache Pain during intercourse Protruding
gaments, and other tissue,. The uterus drops into the vaginal canal (prolapses) when these muscles and connective tissues wea
or more vaginal births. Normal aging and lack of estrogen hormone after menopause may also cause uterine prolapse Chronic
ave symptoms of uterine prolapse.
me symptoms and don't need treatment.Vaginal pessaries can be effective for many women with uterine prolapse.Surgery usu
ay be a soft lump felt in the vaginal wall or protruding from the vagina. Some women with vaginal cysts may have discomfort d
from the size of a pea to that of an orange. Vaginal inclusion cysts are the most common. These may form as a result of traum
or protruding from the vagina.
and require no treatment. When surgically removed, the cysts usually do not return.
ginal discharge:Emotional stress Ovulation (the production and release of an egg from your ovary in the middle of your menstru
fever or pain in your pelvis or abdomen. You have been exposed to a sexual partner with gonorrhea, chlamydia, or other sexua
rvard Medical School is the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of the WikiDoc site.
tor-in-Chief to edit content.
ts relevant to the topic. Priority would be given to original, peer-reviewed publications. Clinical experts with an extensive list o
for you. If you just use bold, an automatic table of contents will not be created.What it looks like What you type Start your sec
rvard Medical School is the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of the WikiDoc site.
tor-in-Chief to edit content.
ts relevant to the topic. Priority would be given to original, peer-reviewed publications. Clinical experts with an extensive list o
ome of those are:Provide a robust resource for medical students and graduates preparing for the boards Provide opportunities
ws, and attending level faculty members to submit board review questions. The WikiDoc Board Review Team meets every Mon
ss of breath, especially on exertion, two to eight weeks after toxic fume exposure or a respiratory illness. It may be several mon
as chlorine, ammonia, oxides of nitrogen or sulfur dioxide. Diacetyl, a chemical used to provide butter flavor in many foods, has
ended to solve these problems. The calculator project is focused on creating calculators for the risk assessment tools. With the
is very important to us at WikiDoc. You are welcome to apply if you are an intern, resident, attending physician, specialist, nurs
ording to categories. For instance, you might want to add an article on acute MI to the category of cardiology. Acute MI would
1 which refers to a reference you would like to cite. You would then type in the reference at the end of the article. This is not t
the following:Step 1: Place a <ref>... </ref> immediately after the sentence where you want a footnote number to appear.Step
small font, in two columns, with links to the original article and abstract. It will return text that looks like this:
ers cause few, if any, problems until adulthood.One symptom is cyanosis, which usually seen as a bluish color of the lips, finger
heart and lungsBlood that is low in oxygen (blue blood) returns from the body to the right side of the heart. The right side of the
osis) or grayish skin Breathing difficulty Chest pain or other pain Dizziness, fainting, or heart palpitations Feeding problems or r

ect' intended to solve these problems. The critical pathways project is focused on creating standardized treatment protocols fo
is very important to us at WikiDoc. You are welcome to apply if you are an intern, resident, attending physician, specialist, nurs
rvard Medical School is the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of the WikiDoc site.
tor-in-Chief to edit content.
ts relevant to the topic. Priority would be given to original, peer-reviewed publications. Clinical experts with an extensive list o
toms. Majority of the time, people visit their health care provider due to a mass felt in the breast. But, some patients may pres
t it may be related to the tissues in the breast being extra sensitive to the hormone estrogen.
noma. They include:Women younger than 35 years Being overweight People who have had benign breast disease in the past A
ange in the pain pattern, you should contact your health care provider.
e being equal to that of the general population. Most fibroadenomas resolve completely. This is very common in the adolescen

1 which refers to a reference you would like to cite. You would then type in the reference at the end of the article. This is not t
the following:Step 1: Place a <ref>... </ref> immediately after the sentence where you want a footnote number to appear.Step
small font, in two columns, with links to the original article and abstract. It will return text that looks like this:
are creating to see if the page already exists. For more information on searching, click here. You should also search for synonym
haptered page using the following directions. For example, if you were creating a page on jaundice that did not exist: First you
ood idea to search for synonyms of the disease name, so that if someone has already created a similar page, you can add new c
e on the right of the screen, and the headings of the microchapters in the middle section of the page, which will also link to the
user page. This page serves as a way to introduce individual users to the editing community. Unlike most pages that have stand
page.Your user page will have to be created by you. It is your choice what information you would like displayed. You have the
a template for how to code a user page for all of these. If you copy the code below and paste it to your page, you can replace th
nd you will want to direct them all to one page.For example take the page ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The names STEM
You can create text in any hexadecimal color.Typing this:Creates your text with hexadecimal color #1f4099:your text

ss otherwise specified in the <body> or other tags.Typing this:Creates a bigger font size of size 4:your textTyping this:Creates te

ording to categories. An example of a category in use is this Help page (see link at the very bottom). To create a category, simp
o the bottom of the page) in order to remove the table of contents.Typingwill put a table of contents in the location of the text
ant your reader to be able to return to the top of the page without having to scroll all the way up. To do this, you can make a'R
e from your computer to WikiDoc.Put two square brackets on either side of the file's name to create a link to it so that it can be
may be restricted to administrators of WikiDoc.

re}}And it looks like this:

n on the left toolbar that says "Upload file" or by clicking here2. Follow the instructions on that page.3. There will be a box that
ge called User:USERNAME/monobook.js. If your username was Johndoe the name of the page would be User:Johndoe/monob
even have to log in to edit a MediaWiki wiki - anyone can edit almost anypage, even without logging in.However, it's still a good
ppear:This code generates the following image:

eriole with wall thickening and myocyte hypertrophy Arteriole in HCM patient with periarteriole fibrosis and thickneningComp
an Assistant Editor-in-Chief level or higher. It is specifically designed for students of all levels (high school, college, medical sch
xists. If the page doesn't exist, the link is black and the link leads to the editing screen so that the page can be created/edited.
he 5th or 6th grade educational level.
o the patient pages. We will use the pericarditis page as an example how to structure pages throughout this tutorial.At the top
member that signs are different from symptoms. For an example of the symptoms section in a patient information page, click h
hat causes the disease, not what the disease causes. For an example of the causes section on a patient information page, click
factors for developing the disease.This section can be separated into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors if appropriate.
mpending life threatening situations, or significant worsening.For an example of a section detailing this on a patient information
e patient might expect as the prognosis of their condition.Include prognosis with and without treatment, and also the likelihood
dual in onset and painless. The majority of patients with pleomorphic adenoma are asymptomatic. The symptoms mainly depen
orphic adenoma. However some clonal chromosomal abnormalities with aberrations involving 8q12 and 12q15 have been desc
are as follows:Prior head and neck irradiation is a risk factor for the development of Pleomorphic adenoma. Environmental fac
mpending life threatening situations, or significant worsening.For an example of a section detailing this on a patient information
urgical resection. Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary sometimes. Recurrenc
Please indicate if this is an Assistant, Associate or Editor-in-Chief level project.Example: "This project is intended for editors at
nd you will want to direct them all to one pageFor example take the page ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The names STEM
a section of the parent page entitled Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy interventional cardiology. You can redirect to a specific subh
1 which refers to a reference you would like to cite. You would then type in the reference at the end of the article. This is not t
the following:Step 1: Place a <ref>... </ref> immediately after the sentence where you want a footnote number to appear.Step
small font, in two columns, with links to the original article and abstract. It will return text that looks like this:

nstructed through mathematical expressions rather than a bitmap of RBG colors corresponding to each pixel. Because vector im
ecially for certain web applications. The following is a list of times when a.SVG may be more appropriate than a.JPG,.GIF, or.PN
ge on WikiDoc:Code in MediaWiki Result <img src="<YOUR IMAGE URL>" style="width:200px;height:200px;" /> For example, <
manbody.jpg With alternative text: With alternative text: Image:humanbody.jpg|Anatomy Alternative text, used when a mous
seases DatabaseWhonamedit

: Synonyms and keywords: List the synonyms. The general method of listing is to capitalize the first letter of the first synonym,
searching for the synonym will be automatically directed to the disease page you are creating.First check that the synonyms do
ntent on multiple pages. For example, the help menu that appears at the bottom of the page is a template that appears on all p
n source website that allows an international community of healthcare professionals to add and edit medical content in a proce
s smarter than any one" C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.I grew up as an only child in Oklahoma. One of the only books I had was a
ying for board examinations, networking opportunities and exposure of your work to 2.5 million viewers a day.
r team. You do not have to be a doctor in order to apply for this position. Below is a list of WikiDoc contributors:Clinical Trialist
aily or weekly updates.
cause any of the following symptoms: Confusion or decreasing alertness Clammy skin Dizziness or light-headedness after an inj
Spontaneous bleeding is most commonly caused by problems with the joints or the gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts.
use of a tourniquet, or was caused by a serious injury The wound might need stitches Gravel or dirt cannot be removed easily w

e cancer when diagnosed.Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some p
ood collects into an airtight container.In infants or a young child, blood will be taken from a heel stick or finger stick. The blood

moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
a. It may also be used to see if treatment for any of these conditions is working.
: 2% to 8% Eosinophils: 1% to 4% Basophils: 0.5% to 1% Band (young neutrophil): 0% to 3%
ood cells. High white blood cell counts may be due to inflammation, an immune response, or blood diseases such as leukemia.
Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some
symptoms of leukemia depend on the number of leukemia cells and where these cells collect in the body.People with chronic
ay develop a fever that may reflect the fact that your blood counts are low, and you should seek medical care for antibiotics.

plications. Complications can come from the disease itself and the treatments. Acute leukemia has a much quicker and more dr
umor grows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Bone pain Broken bones Numbness and/or musc
al data has suggested that the development of multiple myeloma is related to several factors.Age: Age is the biggest risk factor
a develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Broken bones N
he following:Cytogenetic analysis of myeloma cells The stage of the cancer The patient's general health
when lying down Dizziness Excess bleeding Full feeling in the left upper abdomen (due to enlarged spleen) Headache Itchiness,
auses too many red blood cells to be produced. The numbers of white blood cells and platelets may also be higher than norma

symptoms related to the disease at the time of diagnosis. The condition is often diagnosed before severe symptoms occur.
rows larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Epileptic seizures Decreased sensation of a body area D
or is related to several factors.Radiation exposure Family history Immune system disorders Cell phone use: There has been a gre
or is related to several factors.Radiation exposure Family history Immune system disorders Cell phone use: There has been a gre
lop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:New, or suddenly dev
er or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The location of the tumor The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, wheth
ws larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Chest pain Cough that does not go away Trouble breathin
ple but not in others.
p. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe shortness of brea
on of the tumor The stage of the tumor Whether the tumor can be removed completely by surgery The patient's general healt
d the organs that are affected. In general, symptoms may include:Difficulty breathing Fatigue Glomerulonephritis Joint pain Mu
ome solid at low temperatures. When they do thicken or become somewhat gel-like, they can block blood vessels throughout th
blood or immune systems.Types II and III are most often found in people who have a chronic (long-lasting) inflammatory conditi
globulinemia You have hepatitis C and develop symptoms of cryoglobulinemia You have cryoglobulinemia and develop new or
are affected, the outlook is poor.
the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps a
he direct Coombs' test is used to detect antibodies that are already bound to the surface of red blood cells. Many diseases and d
that there are no antibodies to red blood cells, is normal.Normal value ranges may vary slightly among laboratories. Talk to you
the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps a
es or other substances that cause infection. It is often used to screen for current or past infections.

e being identified. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning o
ritis. Usual symptoms include:Blood in the urine Foamy appearance to urine Hypertension Swelling of any area of the body, es
e disease. This means there is a problem with the body's immune system.Normally, the immune system helps protect the body

you experience the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Urine output decreases even anuria.
Focal lupus nephritis, minimal mesangial lupus nephritis and mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis have better prognosis than
en lymph nodes.Note: Symptoms usually do not develop until 7 - 21 days after the first dose of antiserum or exposure to the me
ood cells, but it does contain many proteins, including antibodies, which are formed as part of the immune response to protect
een given within the last 4 weeks and symptoms of serum sickness appear.

age and may include the following: Fever Vomiting Back, side, and groin pain Chills Nausea Frequent, painful urination Children
dneys. Though many bacteria and viruses can cause pyelonephritis, the bacterium Escherichia coli is often the cause. Bacteria a
dder infection and those with a structural, or anatomic, problem in the urinary tract. Urine normally flows only in one direction
TI. Call right away if the following symptoms develop:Back or side pain Chills Fever VomitingThese may be signs of a possible ki
ally successful. If you have a kidney infection, it may take 1 week or longer for your symptoms to go away.
may include-Discharge from the penis or vagina Burning while urinating Itching and redness in the genital area Anal itching
ria that cause this condition are E. coli, chlamydia, gonorrhea. These bacteria also cause urinary tract infections and some sexu
to 35 Having many sexual partners High-risk sexual behavior (such as anal sex without a condom) History of sexually transmitte
n clears up without further problems.However, urethritis can lead to long-term damage to the urethra and scar tissue called ure
tus or mood Decreased appetite Decreased sensation, especially in the hands or feet Fatigue Flank pain (between the ribs and
e:Acute tubular necrosis Autoimmune kidney disease Acute nephritic syndrome Interstitial nephritisDecreased blood flow due
abetes High blood pressure. Heart disease Smoking Obesity High cholesterol African-American, American Indian or Asian-Amer
ps or you have other symptoms of acute kidney failure.
uire intensive treatment. However, the kidneys usually start working again within several weeks to months after the underlying
eye movement on caloric testing No grimacing on paiful stimuli No cough reflex or gag reflex No vestibulo-ocular reponse
auma Massive cerebral hemorrhage Severe or long time of anoxia
many disorders.Onset time: When a patient suffers a hemorrhage stroke or severe head trauma, coma may start suddenly. Wh
s Brain tumor Brain infections Hypoxia for a long time Metabolic abnormalities, such as diabetic hyperosmolar coma, hypoglyce

n a vegetative state. The prognosis depends on:The underlying causes The severity The site of neurological damage
cramps Dehydration Diarrhea Fever Nausea and vomiting Upset stomach
ess. Foods may have some bacteria on them when you buy them. Raw meat may become contaminated during slaughter. Fruit
ble 1 summarizes the symptoms observed in each type of gangrene.
compression. Necrosis due to bandages.
hould be done right away. Non- healing wounds or any skin changes on the foot in a patient with diabetes should be evaluated
ome cases, survival is still noted even if a certain body part has fallen off.
s may include:Excessive fluid loss (Diarrhea, Vomiting) Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Intense thirst Weakness Tachypnea (rapid
nce in positive and negative ions in the serum is low) Metabolic and Endocrine Diabetic coma Diabetes insipidus Hyperparathyr

ess or confusion Extreme nausea that interferes with eating and not relieved by medicines Having diarrhea 4 to 6 times in a day
stion and be administered a blood test to check for abnormalities, the questions might be:How long have you had the symptom
n Decreased consciousness Hallucinations Possible coma Convulsions Fatigue Headache Irritability Loss of appetite Muscle spas
very important for maintaining blood pressure. Sodium is also needed for nerves and muscles to work properly.When the amo
ditions or due to iatrogenic causes, certain patient cohorts like those with acute or chronic renal failure (inability to excrete wa
ealth care provider if you have symptoms of this condition.
blem. In general, acute hyponatremia, which occurs in less than 48 hours, is more dangerous than hyponatremia that develops
ve are often lost slowly. In fact, they may even be unaware that they need emergency treatment. Someone with hypothermia a
generate. It is usually caused by extended exposure to the cold.Common causes include:Being outside without enough protecti
first aid while awaiting emergency assistance.

However, it can also be caused by certain diseases, such as:AIDS Cancer Kidney failure Respiratory failure SepsisA common med
tion that is causing the metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis itself usually causes rapid breathing. Confusion or lethargy may a
cid, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body. There are several types of metablic acidosis:Diabetic ac
are at risk of metabolic acidosis.
e that can cause metabolic acidosis.
ausing the metabolic acidosis.
sh skin of the face, especially around the lips Chest pain Cold skin and pale appearance Confusion Cough with pink, frothy sput
ater Drinking alcohol while boating or swimming Falling through thin ice Inability to swim or panicking while swimming Leaving
g yourself, call for emergency medical assistance immediately. If you are trained and able to rescue the person, do so and then
tion that is causing the renal tubular acidosis or inherited disorder of kidneys. Renal tubular acidosis itself usually causes rapid b
h acid, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.Diabetic acidosis (also called diabetic ketoacidosis an
are at risk of renal tubular acidosis.
e that can cause renal tubular acidosis.
ausing the renal tubular acidosis.
ess of breath Sleepiness
asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease, which reduce sending air into and out of the lungs lung tissue diseases such as pu
e the highest risk of developing respiratory acidosis.
diate medical help if you have symptoms of this condition.Call your healthcare provider if you have symptoms of lung disease.

spiratory failure. Examples includeLung diseases such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), pneumonia, pulmonar
ness Muscle stiffness or aching (myalgia) Muscle tenderness Weakness of the affected musclesAdditional symptoms that may b
is released into the bloodstream and filtered out of the body by the kidneys. Myoglobin breaks down into potentially harmful c
d or genetic syndromes Crush Injuries Heat intolerance Heatstroke Ischemia or necrosis of the muscles (as may occur with arter
lysis may be present.
e. Acute kidney failure occurs in many patients. Treatment soon after rhabdomyolysis begins will reduce the risk of chronic kidn
ding from wound Blurred vision Burning of the skin Convulsions Diarrhea Dizziness Excessive sweating Fainting Fang marks in th
bra Copperhead Coral snake Cottonmouth (water moccasin) Rattlesnake Various snakes found at zoosAll snakes will bite when t
bitten by a snake. If possible, call ahead to the emergency room so that antivenom can be ready when the person arrives.You m
zed itching (pruritus) and dry skin Headaches Weight loss without trying Loss of appetite NauseaOther symptoms may develop,
o longer able to function at a level needed for day-to-day life. It usually occurs when chronic kidney disease has worsened to th
which are as followsDiabetes High blood pressure (hypertension) Heart disease Smoking Obesity High cholesterol African-Ameri
ny symptoms and sign listed above. If you have any chronic medical condition, your doctor might do a regular check of your Blo
he buildup of fluids and waste products in the body. Both of these treatments can have serious risks and consequences. The ou
ma (swelling) in any area of the body Foamy appearance of urine Weight gain Poor appetite Urination, excessive at night Hypert
e glomerular basement membrane. Glomerular basement membrane is a part of the kidneys that helps filter waste and extra fl
toxins, including gold and mercury. Use of certain medicines, including penicillamine, trimethadione, and skin-lightening cream
toms indicate membranous nephropathy may be present. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms w
ute flare ups. In some cases, the condition may go away with or without therapy.The majority of patients will have some degre
ey unable to concentrate the urine. Symptoms may include:Back pain or flank pain Bloody urine Cloudy urine Dark, rust-colore
gesic nephropathy. However, a number of conditions can cause this condition, including:Diabetic nephropathy Kidney infection
ave bloody urine. Also call if other symptoms of renal papillary necrosis develop, especially after taking over-the-counter pain m
f the underlying disorder can be controlled, the condition may go away on its own. In some cases, persons with this condition d
nk pain or low back pain
aused by:Abdominal aortic aneurysm Clotting disorders Dehydration (mostly in infants) Estrogen use Nephrotic syndrome Pregn
tioned condition can predispose risk for renal vein thrombosis.
 in thrombosis.If you have experienced renal vein thrombosis, call your health care provider if you develop decreased urine out
rmanently injuring the kidneys.
) Low or no urine output; urine looks dark yellow No tears Sunken eyes Sunken fontanelles (the soft spot on the top of the hea
ng enough water or fluids, or both.Your body may lose too much fluids from:Excessive sweating (for example, from exercise) Ex
usion Dizziness Lethargy Light-headednessCall your health care provider right away if you or your child has any of the following
s usually good.
ramping (only in some forms of the disease) Light sensitivity causing rashes, blistering, and scarring of the skin (photodermatitis
yrins are made during several steps of this process. Patients with porphyria have a deficiency of certain enzymes needed for th
ttack. Talk to your doctor about your risk for this condition if you have a long history of undiagnosed abdominal pain, muscle an
go. Some forms of the disease cause more symptoms than others. Proper treatment and avoidance of triggers can help prolon
underlying disorder.Snoring sometimes can be a sign of a sleep disorder called sleep apnea. This means you have periods when
ential causes (other than sleep apnea) include:Being overweight, which leads to excessive neck tissue that puts pressure on the
Morning headaches Recent weight gain Awakening in the morning not feeling rested Change in your level of attention, concent
the tumorSwelling at the site of the tumorPathological fractureFeverOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. O
ng adulthood, but usually develops during puberty, when bones are growing rapidly. It is 10 times as common in Caucasian child

toms of Ewing's sarcoma. An early diagnosis can increase the possibility of a favorable outcome.
he tumorWhether or not the cancer has spread
f care. Being overweight can put you at greater risk for knee problems.Knee pain can be caused by:Anterior knee pain Arthritis
ve severe pain, even when not bearing weight Your knee buckles, clicks, or locks Your knee is deformed or misshapen You have
ons, such as:Acute renal failure, a sudden loss of renal function Chronic kidney disease, declining renal function, usually with an
mia) and oxygenation to the kidneys. It is also caused by various medications such as aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, NSAIDs,
dney failure in hospitalized patients.Recent major surgery Septic shock or other forms of shock Severe low blood pressure (hyp
uid retention Drowsy, lethargic, hard to arouse Nausea and vomiting Excessive thirst Decreased consciousness Coma Delirium o
stops, or if you develop other symptoms of acute tubular necrosis.
phase may last from a few days to 6 weeks or more. This is occasionally followed by a period of high urine output, where the he
se are often present over time and may include:Weakness Fatigue Increased urinary frequency or urgency Blood in the urine F
uctures of the kidney. It is caused by long-term use of analgesics, especially over-the-counter (OTC) medications that contain ph
ent Chronic headaches, painful menstrual periods, backache, or musculoskeletal pain Emotional or behavioral changes History o
onic and long term.
n, especially if there has been a history of use of painkillers.Call your health care provider if blood or solid material is present in
ne (making the urine slightly rusty to deep red) Pain during urination Frequent urination, or feeling the need to urinate without
hemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide may increase the risk of bladder cancer.Radiation treatmentWomen who had radiation
of getting bladder cancer goes up as people get older. People under 40 rarely get this disease.Cigarette smokingSmoking greatl
e symptoms associated with bladder cancer
of the disease. When diagnosed early there is a better chance of recovery than when it is diagnosed during advanced stages.
ng it flow across a special filter, along with solutions. The filter helps remove toxins. The blood is then returned to the body.He
roducts. They also help:Manage how much water is in the body Maintain the balance of sodium, potassium, phosphorous, and
ents with chronic kidney disease. Your doctor and nurse will begin discussing dialysis with you before you need it.Dialysis also m
is takes place in a special dialysis center. Patients usually have three treatments per week, during which they must sit in a chair
d all pressure on the access site. If the graft or fistula clots, you may need a new one. Do not allow anyone to take a blood pres
Or, it may be felt inside the body, behind the public bone, or in the bladder or prostate.Pain on urination is a fairly common pro
tion somewhere in the urinary tract Urethritis (in men) caused by gonorrhea or chlamydiaPainful urination and women and gir
n sex with an infected partner.
e from your penis or vagina You are pregnant and are having any painful urination You have painful urination that lasts for mor

mptoms:Failure to have an erection. Failure to maintain an erection. Reduced sexual desire.

mones, and blood vessels. Anything that interferes with the normal process can lead to a problem.Common causes of erection p
but they can affect men at any age and at any time in their lives. Physical causes are more common in older men, while psychol
e measures -- effective treatments are available The problem begins after an injury or prostate surgery You have other symptom
welling, called generalized edema, from fluids held in the body Weight gain
nown.The condition affects both children and adults. Men and boys are affected slightly more often than women and girls, and
ndition, especially if there is fever, pain with urination, or decreased urine output.
rosis develop chronic kidney failure within 10 years.
welling, called generalized edema, from fluids held in the body Weight gain
nown.Known causes include:Heroin use HIV Inherited genetic problems Obesity Reflux nephropathy (a condition in which urine
re affected slightly more often than women and girls, and it also occurs more often in African Americans. Focal segmental glom
ndition, especially if there is fever, pain with urination, or decreased urine output.
rosis develop chronic kidney failure within 10 years.
ut they often develop quickly over days to weeks.Loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness are often seen at first.Lung symptoms ma
n that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. Persons with this syndrome develo
e disease most commonly occurs in early adulthood.
mount of urine you produce drops, or if you have any other symptoms of Goodpasture syndrome.Never sniff glue or siphon gas
uch worse if the kidneys are already severely damaged when treatment begins. Lung damage can range from mild to severe.M
ut they often develop quickly over days to weeks.Loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness are often seen at first.Lung symptoms ma
n that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. Persons with this syndrome develo
e disease most commonly occurs in early adulthood.
mount of urine you produce drops, or if you have any other symptoms of Goodpasture syndrome.Never sniff glue or siphon gas
uch worse if the kidneys are already severely damaged when treatment begins. Lung damage can range from mild to severe.M
ymptoms include a fever that continues without an obvious cause, night sweats, fatigue, and a general ill feeling (malaise). Chr

ults. It is rare in children, but has been seen in infants as young as 3 months old. Whites are more likely to get it as compared to
ng up blood, blood in the urine, or other symptoms of this disorder.
w months.With treatment, the outlook for most patients is good. Studies have shown that most people who receive corticoste
in urine. Occurring in the early morning void or whole day. Recent infection or a recent sore throat.
ous. For example, exercise may cause hematuria that goes away in 24 hours. Many people have hematuria without any other re
Certain factors increase the chances of getting hematuriaRecent infection: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis Exercise: Long dis
out this symptom and get an appropriate evaluation, especially if you have unexplained weight loss, discomfort with urination,
he cause is the main factor which determines the prognosis.
e hemodiafiltration (IHDF) gives better results than hemodialysis in an outpatient setting. In Europe, several observational stud
ess, irritable. Patients with metabolic alkalosis is usually remarkable for tachycardia / dysrhythmia, Hypoxemia, Compensatory
, Cystic Fibrosis, Primary Hyperaldosteronism, Secondary hyperaldosteronism, laxative use, CKD, electrolyte and nutritional imb
s include Vomiting, Milk-alkali syndrome, Severe hypokalemia, Primary hyperaldosterinism, Cushing syndrome, Diuretics use an
tabolic alkalosis is usually remarkable for tachycardia/dysrhythmia, hypoxemia, Hypoxemia, Compensatory hypoventilation, M
ble prognosis.
disorder, and may include:Symptoms of overactive bladder:Having to urinate too often in small amounts Problems emptying al
er to hold urine until you're ready to empty it. Nerve messages go back and forth between the brain and the muscles that contr

ladder at all Have signs of a bladder infection (fever, burning when you urinate, frequent urination) Urinate small amounts, fre
g on whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, whether it is unilateral or bilateral, whether it is complete or partial, and wha
a ureter (a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder). Urine backs up into the kidney and causes it to become swo
e risk for the patient.
tructive uropathy or believe that you may be suffering from this condition.
y damage is minimal or reversible -- regardless of being unilateral or bilateral.If chronic unilateral obstruction is not relieved pr

ant decrease in blood volume Diabetes Diabetes insipidus Drugs such as anticholinergics, demeclocycline, diuretics, phenothiaz
velop Polydipsia.
nied by other unexplained symptoms, such as blurry vision and fatigue You are passing more than 5 quarts of urine per day
oblem may be found when kidney tests are done for other reasons.If symptoms do occur, they might be similar to those of:Chr
into the bladder. When the bladder is full, it squeezes and sends the urine out through the urethra. None of the urine should fl
e urinary tract Personal or family history of vesicoureteral reflux Repeat urinary tract infections
ephropathy Have other new symptoms Are producing less urine than normal
ome people with reflux nephropathy will not lose kidney function over time, even though their kidneys are damaged. However,
igh blood pressure that is severe and hard to control with medication.Symptoms of renovascular hypertension include:High blo
row, less blood flows to the kidneys. The kidneys mistakenly respond as if your blood pressure is low and make hormones that
hink you have high blood pressure.Call your health care provider if you have renovascular hypertension and symptoms get wors
s of urine Sudden and urgent need to urinate (urinary urgency)
ammation Bladder outlet obstruction Bladder stones Infection Neurological diseases (such as multiple sclerosis) Neurological in
ing your frequency.
toms are causing you problems You have pelvic discomfort or burning with urination Your symptoms occur daily
nosis, and proper treatment. Many patients must try different therapies (some at the same time) to reduce symptoms.Instant i
with discomfort in your bladder. A frequent need to urinate at night is called nocturia. Most people can sleep for 6 to 8 hours w
rinary tract infection.Diabetes, pregnancy, and prostate problems are other common causes of these symptoms.Other causes i
ing your frequency
toms are causing you problems You have pelvic discomfort or burning with urination Your symptoms occur daily
nosis, and proper treatment. Many patients must try different therapies (some at the same time) to reduce symptoms.Instant i
e lump, scrotal swelling, or bulge within the scrotumThere may not be symptoms.
matic cord prevent blood from flowing properly. This causes the blood to back up, leading to swelling and widening of the veins
men ages 15 - 25 and are most often seen on the left side of the scrotum. Varicoceles are often the cause of infertility in men.T
iscover a testicle lump or need to treat a diagnosed varicocele.
nt. If surgery is required because of infertility or testicular wasting away (atrophy), the sperm count will likely improve but the u
asiness (malaise) High blood pressure Increased growth on only one side of the body Loss of appetite Nausea Swelling in the ab
ncer. The exact cause of this tumor in most children is unknown.A missing iris of the eye (aniridia) is a birth defect that is some
ests a possible genetic cause.The disease occurs in about 1 out of 200,000 to 250,000 children. It usually strikes when a child is
ld's abdomen, blood in the urine, or other symptoms of Wilms tumor.Call your health care provider if your child is being treate
h appropriate treatment.
rieve memories. Damage or malfunction of any of these areas can lead to memory loss.Memory loss due to problems with spec
ddenly, and whether it is temporary or permanent. Normal aging may lead to trouble learning new material or requiring a long

rieve memories. Damage or malfunction of any of these areas can lead to memory loss.Memory loss due to problems with spec
ddenly, and whether it is temporary or permanent.Normal aging may lead to trouble learning new material or requiring a longe

n (inattentiveness) Poor judgment Uncoordinated movementSymptoms of severe cerebral hypoxia include:Complete unawaren
upted. This can be caused by:Breathing in smoke (smoke inhalation), such as during a fire Carbon monoxide poisoning Choking
if someone is losing consciousness or has other symptoms of cerebral hypoxia.
etermined by how long the brain lacked oxygen, and whether nutrition to the brain was also affected.If the brain lacked oxygen
eadache most commonly strikes 2 to 3 hours after you fall asleep. However, the headache may occur while you are awake. The
ed headaches. They are four times more common in men than women. The headaches can occur at any age but are most comm
er headaches do not respond to treatment Headaches disturb your sleep You get headaches whenever you are active Headache
y foods that are associated with cluster headache may need to be avoided. Medications may prevent cluster headaches in som
can include:Altered level of consciousness (drowsy, hard to arouse, or similar changes)Confusion, feeling spacey, or not thinkin
ing object strikes the head.A concussion can result from a fall, sports activities, and car accidents. Significant movement of the
n alertness or produces any other worrisome symptoms.If symptoms do not go away or are not improving after 2 or 3 weeks, ta
e days, weeks, or even months. You may be irritable, have trouble concentrating, be unable to remember things, have headach
o loud Difficulty following conversations when two or more people are talking Difficulty hearing in noisy areas Hard to tell high-
problem in the outer or middle ear.The three tiny bones of the ear (ossicles) may not conduct sound properly. Or, the eardrum
h your lifestyle Hearing problems do not go away or become worse The hearing is worse in one ear than the other You have su
wing symptoms.
with any of the following:
tting to the brain. This can happen if there is a sudden drop in your blood pressure or you are dehydrated from vomiting, diarrh
, brain tumors, benign positional vertigo and labyrinthitis are likely to experience dizziness.
also has:A head injury Fever over 101°F, headache, or very stiff neck Convulsions or ongoing vomiting Chest pain, heart palpita
better on their own or are easily treated.
r suddenly.People with dysarthria have trouble making certain sounds or words.Their speech is poorly pronounced (such as slu
makes it difficult to use or control the muscles of the mouth, tongue, larynx, or vocal cords, which make speech.The muscles ma
er, shortness of breath, or other symptoms of pneumoniaCoughing or chokingDifficulty speaking to or communicating with oth
, stay the same, or get worse slowly or quickly.Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease) eventua
ounds that make up spoken words. These abilities appear to be critical in the process of learning to read. A child's initial readin
n there is a problem in areas of the brain that help interpret language. It is not caused by vision problems. The disorder is a spe
g trouble learning to read.
d improvement in reading and understanding.Reading difficulties may persist for life.
aring spells to loss of consciousness and violent convulsions. In most cases, the patient with epilepsy tends to have the same ty
Brain infections, such as meningitis, encephalitis Brain poisoning, such as alcohol High fevers in childhood Dystocia when childre
gent medical care as soon as possible:First seizure A longer seizure than before Frequently seizures Status epilepticusBefore the
t some of them, especially children, may develop behavioral and emotional problems. They may be teased by classmates or avo
sms of your eyelid (usually the upper lid), you may be very sensitive to light or have blurry vision.
witch are fatigue, stress, and caffeine. Once spasms begin, they may continue off and on for a few days. Then, they disappear.
optometrist) if:Eyelid twitching does not go away within 1 week Twitching completely closes your eyelid Twitching involves othe
tch. In some cases, the twitches usually stop within a week.
tions of increased intracranial pressure. Some signs and symptoms include:HeadacheHydrocephalusVomitingUnsteadinessCogn
cerebri are not known.
ri develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Severe headac
he following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgeryThe stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the
nd headaches. Primary headaches refer to headaches not associating with any stuctural problem in the head or neck, including
Arthritis in neck or spine Degenerative bone or disk disease in the neck or spine Depression Temporomandibular joint disorder
make the underlying causes clear.Meidcal history, the characteristics of the patient's headache. Physical examination and neur
derlying causes. So, go to see your doctor when you show this symptom. If you feel the following symptoms, go to the emergen

eyelid (ptosis) Sinking of the eyeball into the face Small (constricted) pupil (the black part in the center of the eye)There may als
f nerve fibers that start in the part of the brain called the hypothalamus and run to the face.Sympathetic nerve fiber injuries ca
s syndrome.

dulthood. They include:Daytime naps that do not relieve drowsiness Difficulty waking from a long sleep may feel confused or d
essive daytime sleepiness.Other sleep disorders that may cause daytime sleepiness include:Isolated sleep paralysis Narcolepsy
person to person and over the course of the disease depending on the location of affected nerve fibers. The symptoms may inc
e protective covering that surrounds nerve cells. When this nerve covering is damaged, nerve signals slow or stop. The nerve d
order is most commonly diagnosed between ages 20 and 40 but can be seen at any age.Environmental factors, such as smoking
MS Symptoms get worse, even with treatment The condition deteriorates to the point where home care is no longer possible
er is chronic and incurable, life expectancy can be normal or almost normal. Most people with MS continue to walk and functio
ausea Neck stiffness Numbness or tingling elsewhere in the body Pain in the eye Redness Sore or wound in eye Swelling
e Corneal abrasion Corneal ulcer Drugs such as amphetamines, atropine, cocaine, cyclopentolate, idoxuridine, phenylephrine, s
e the cause of light sensitivity. Proper treatment may cure the problem. Seek urgent medical attention if your pain is moderate
bility (aphasia) Memory loss Vision problems Weakness of the legs and arms that gets worse
en infected with this virus, but it hardly ever causes symptoms.
ater risk of developing PML. Causes of a weakened immune system include:AIDS (less common now because of better AIDS trea
ur doctor immediately.
are decisions.
fortable unless you move your legs. These sensations:Usually occur at night when you lie down, or sometimes during the day w
 and older adults. Stress makes it worse. The cause is not known in most patients.RLS may occur more often in patients with:Pe
ave symptoms of restless legs syndrome Your sleep is disrupted
d it is not a sign of a serious disorder. However, it can be uncomfortable and disrupt your sleep.
y mouth. It is usually taken twice a day with meals in the morning and evening. Follow the directions on your prescription label
u are allergic to rivastigmine, neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium, Isopto Eserine), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, R

it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose
and out of reach of children.Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Sto
take your medication.Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription.
l ache, or a burning sensation. In some cases, the pain is severe enough to make a person unable to move.The pain most often
nerve. This nerve starts in the spine and runs down the back of each leg. This nerve controls the muscles of the back of the kne
ry lifestyles Increasing Age Manual Labor that requires strenuous use of your back and/or heavy lifting
back pain Back pain after a severe blow or fall Redness or swelling on the back or spine Pain traveling down your legs below th
nd successfully treated, full recovery is possible. The extent of disability varies from no disability to partial or complete loss of m
Convulsions (seizures) Decreased alertness Extreme irritability or other changes in behavior Lethargy, sleepiness, not smiling Lo
punish or quiet the child. Such shaking usually takes place when the infant is crying inconsolably and the frustrated caregiver lo
ns or symptoms, regardless of how severe they are. Also call if you think a child has shaken baby syndrome.If you think a child
s that you have a significant sleep disorder. It is different from fatigue.Depression, anxiety, stress, and boredom can all contribu
) Medications (tranquilizers, sleeping pills, antihistamines) Medical conditions (such as hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia, and hyp
r drowsiness is from any of the above conditions.
ury. Spinal cord injury causes weakness and sensory loss at and below the point of the injury. The severity of symptoms depend
the spine. They can result from motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries (particularly diving into shallow water), industrial
wearing protective gear during work or play, or diving into shallow water.Older people with weakened spines (from osteoporo
rs. Call 911 if there is any loss of movement or sensation. This is a medical emergency!Management of spinal cord injury begins
. This includes total paralysis or numbness and varying degrees of movement or sensation loss. Death is possible, particularly if
cle function loss, loss of ability to use arms or legs Numbness or decreased sensation Decreased sense of pain or temperature L
al cord trauma, tumors of the spinal cord, or birth defects (specifically, " chiari malformation," in which part of the brain pushes

y causes severe disability. Surgical decompression usually stops the progression of the disorder, with about 50% of people sho
hesias Progressive sensory ataxia (inability to feel the lower limbs) Diminished reflexes or loss of reflexes Poor coordination o
n of late or tertiary syphilis infection. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease. The infection damages the spinal cord

take medications called neuroleptics. It occurs most frequently when the medications are taken for a long time, but in some ca
dive dyskinesia. Examples of these medications are listed above.
he drug that caused the symptoms. Even if the antipsychotic drugs are stopped, the involuntary movements may become perm
econds or minutes, but can become constant Pain is usually only on one side of the face, often around the eye, cheek, and lowe
ve. This nerve carries the feelings of touch and pain from the face, eyes, sinuses, and mouth to the brain.Trigeminal neuralgia m
any age. Trigeminal neuralgia may be part of the normal aging process.
nal neuralgia.
is no disease causing the problem, treatment can provide at least some relief.However, the pain may become constant and se
decreased pigment) and have either an ash leaf or confetti appearance Red patches on the face containing many blood vessels
es, TSC1 and TSC2, are responsible for most cases of the condition.Only one parent needs to pass on the mutation for the child
history of tuberous sclerosis You notice symptoms of tuberous sclerosis in your childCall a genetic specialist if your child is diag
children with severe retardation or uncontrollable seizures usually do poorly. Occasionally when a severely affected child is bo
mptons.A sensation of disorientation or motion or the perception that surrounding objects are moving or spinning Lightheaded
d or ear injury Multiple sclerosis Epilepsy Neck injuries Migraine Ménière's disease Acoustic neuroma Brain stem tumors Nasop
y of the following:A new, different or severe headache Fever Diplopia or loss of vision Hearing loss Trouble in speaking Leg or ar
ertigo caused by tumors are poorer than any other causes.
bout the direction and speed of rotation of the head--for example, whether we are nodding our head up and down or looking f
 ng orientation. For example, an individual may experience the "room spinning" and may not be able to walk without staggering
culation affecting the inner ear or brain, certain medications, and aging may change our balance system and result in a balance
ysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): a brief, intense sensation of vertigo that occurs because of a specific positional change of the
re many kinds of balance disorders and because other medical conditions--including ear infections, blood pressure changes, an
ption includes treatment for a disease or disorder that may be contributing to the balance problem, such as ear infection, strok
t, and may have been occurring for some time. If the tumour is large, it can appear as a swelling. The affected bone is not as str
ighest during the teenage "growth spurt." Children with osteosarcoma are usually tall for their age. Radiation to bones: People
of the above mentioned symptoms.
far the cancer has spread in the body and what specific type of cancer it is. You should talk to your doctor about your specific c
They grow from fibroblast cells, which make up connective tissue and are also important for wound healing Connective tissue
d with a desmoid tumor per year
s don’t Symptoms can include: Pain Swelling in the area of the tumor Sleep loss Difficulty moving For people without symptoms
expert in sarcoma treatment to decide the best approach for your tumor You can contact MyPART for help finding experts near
rdner syndrome is a rare syndrome that runs in families People with this syndrome have a high risk of colorectal cancer and des
but it can be hard to prove We know that some people with a family history of desmoid tumor s have a change in a gene called
d prognosis Every person is different and prognosis will depend on many factors, such as: Where the tumor is in your body How
mes called “ chewing tobacco ” or “ snuff ”) are the two most important risk factors for head and neck cancers, especially cance
r a sore that does not heal, a sore throat that does not go away, difficulty in swallowing, and a change or hoarseness in the voic
cers in the United States. These cancers are more than twice as common among men as they are among women. Head and nec
those who use tobacco ―should talk with their doctor about ways that they may be able to reduce their risk. They should also
head and neck area, a doctor evaluates a person’s medical history, performs a physical examination, and orders diagnostic test
ber of factors, including the exact location of the tumor, the stage of the cancer, and the person’s age and general health. Trea
ability to chew, swallow, or talk. The patient may look different after surgery, and the face and neck may be swollen. The swelli
volunteer to take part. Participation in clinical trials is an option for many patients with head and neck cancer. Ongoing clinical t
t go away and gets worse over time Constant chest pain Coughing up blood Shortness of breath, wheezing, or hoarseness Repe
d drinking water that has a high level of arsenic can increase your risk of lung cancer. A history of radiation therapy to the lung
s slowly. In some cases, it can grow and spread quickly and cause rapid death. The cancer may spread to other parts of the bod
any symptoms. When the tumors grow larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Abdominal pain and v
ng hepatocellular carcinoma. These risk factors include:Chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C Cirrhosis Inherited metabolic d
rcinoma develop. If one or more of the following symptoms emerge, seek medical care as soon as possible:Sudden severe abdo
ds on the following:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of cancer: the size of the tumor, whether
ancer grows, common symptoms may include:A cough that gets worse or does not go away Breathing trouble, such as shortnes
omen. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than breast, colon, and prostate cancers combined.Lung cancer is more comm
bacco smoke: Tobacco smoke causes most cases of lung cancer. It's by far the most important risk factor for lung cancer. Harm
e a doctor to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
wing:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer
found on a chest x-ray performed for another reason. Symptoms that do occur are due to pressure on (compression of) local st
sternum and the spinal column, and between the lungs. This area contains the heart, large blood vessels, windpipe (trachea), t
iastinal tumor.
espond differently to chemotherapy and radiation.
blood Difficulty swallowing Hoarseness that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks Neck pain Sore throat that does not get better in
oat cancer. Excessive alcohol use also increases risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol combined lead to an increased risk for throa
n are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancers.
ancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks You find a lump in your
y. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer h
ptoms, or symptoms may arise long after tumors develop. Osteochondroma is most often diagnosed in patients aged 10 to 20
tions, such as:Germ line mutations in EXT1 and EXT2 genes
include:Previous trauma to the growth plate Exposure to previous radiation Congenital limb anomalies
ma develops.
rgical excision.
 . In some cases, a person will suffer from bowing deformity before seeing a doctor for diagnosis.

a occur, such as nocturnal limb pain (relieved by low doses of salicylates) and local tenderness.
nt structures to the tumor.
ur, common symptoms can be dull, aching facial pain. In some cases, a person will suffer from facial deformity before seeing a

deformity, vision loss, and anosmia develop.

d adjacent structures to the tumor.
painful.Other symptoms vary depending on location of the tumor.Tumors in the nose or throat may cause bleeding, congestion
with rhabdomyosarcoma will achieve long-term survival. Cure depends on the specific type of tumor, its location, and the amo
t go away and gets worse over time Constant chest pain Coughing up blood Shortness of breath, wheezing, or hoarseness Repe
d drinking water that has a high level of arsenic can increase your risk of lung cancer. A history of radiation therapy to the lung
s slowly. In some cases, it can grow and spread quickly and cause rapid death. The cancer may spread to other parts of the bod
d in the urine Bone pain or tenderness Fatigue Painful urination Urinary frequency Urinary urgency Urine leakage (incontinence
s lining the bladder (called transitional cells).These tumors are classified based on the way they grow:Papillary tumors have a w
al things may make you more likely to develop it:Cigarette smoking. Smoking greatly increases the risk of developing bladder ca
r other symptoms of bladder cancer, including:Frequent urination Painful urination Urgent need to urinateAlso, call your health
ed by a doctor. This may include:Bone scans and CT scans to check for the spread or return of cancerMonitoring symptoms tha
It is sometimes found during a regular eye exam when the doctor dilates the pupil and looks into the eye. Signs and symptoms
ave symptoms of melanoma of the eye.
end on the following:How the melanoma cells look under a microscope. The size and thickness of the tumor. The part of the ey
e next. Some people have only mild symptoms, such as sores in the mouth, while others have more severe problems, such as v
flammation of the blood vessels. Doctors aren't sure what causes this inflammation. Some people may have inherited (passed o
d States, but is common in the Middle East and Asia. It mainly affects people in their 20s and 30s. Diagnosing Behcet's can take

rol symptoms with treatment.

sms of your eyelid (usually the upper lid), you may be very sensitive to light or have blurry vision.
witch are fatigue, stress, and caffeine. Once spasms begin, they may continue off and on for a few days. Then, they disappear.
optometrist) if:Eyelid twitching does not go away within 1 week Twitching completely closes your eyelid Twitching involves othe
tch. In some cases, the twitches usually stop within a week.
lid Sensitivity to light
ubricates the eye. These are called Meibomian glands. The eyelid has approximately 100 of these glands, which are located nea
e swelling gets worse or continues for longer than 1 month.Call for an appointment with your health care provider if lumps on
nt is usually excellent.
ng the iris of the eye. Its two purposes are to transmit and focus the light entering the eye.Causes of cloudy cornea include:Che
ye appears cloudy You have trouble with your visionNote: It is appropriate to see an ophthalmologist for vision or eye problems
ons about your medical history.Questions may include:Did the cornea become cloudy quickly, or did it develop slowly? When d
ng the iris of the eye. Its two purposes are to transmit and focus the light entering the eye.Causes of cloudy cornea include:Che
ye appears cloudy You have trouble with your visionNote: It is appropriate to see an ophthalmologist for vision or eye problems
ons about your medical history.Questions may include:Did the cornea become cloudy quickly, or did it develop slowly? When d
e pain or stinging and burning in the eye Feeling like something is in your eye, called a foreign-body sensation Redness of the e
of the cornea, called corneal abrasions, may be caused by:Chemical irritation - from almost any fluid that gets into the eye Ov
ed to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet light for long periods of time Have ill-fitting contact lenses or overuse your contact lenses
mproved in 2 days with treatment
very rapidly with treatment. The eye should be back to normal within 2 days.Penetrating corneal injuries are much more serio
hen you are tired or sick.The eyes do not move together and may appear crossed at times.The other eye will appear turned ou
o that both eyes can focus on the same object.In someone with strabismus, these muscles do not work together. As a result, on
ay be a contributing factor, especially in children. Any other disease that causes vision loss may also cause strabismus.
ointment with your health care provider or eye doctor if your child:Appears to be cross-eyed Complains of double vision Has d
an remain.The child may still have reading problems in school, and for adults driving may be more difficult. Vision may affect th
 ness and tenderness Pain in the area of swelling Excess tearing or discharge Swelling of lymph nodes in front of the ear
l infection. Common causes include mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, staphylococcus, and gonococcus.Chronic dacryoadenitis is usua
te treatment.
tions with more serious causes, such as sarcoidosis, the prognosis is that of the underlying condition.
ealthy.In rare cases, it can be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and other similar diseases. It may also
tears with age.
and have:A sudden increase in discomfort or redness A sudden decrease in vision
loss. With severe cases, the clear window on the front of the eye (cornea) may become damaged or infected.
ing sensation. You may also have strained or tired eyes after reading, even for short periods of time. If you wear contacts, they
workplace (wind, air conditioning) Sun exposure Smoking or second-hand smoke exposure Cold or allergy medicines An eye inj
ou have flaking, discharge, or a lesion on your eye or eyelid. You have had trauma to your eye, or you have a bulging eye or a d
m a physical examination, including a careful eye examination.To help better understand your dry eyes, your health care provi
in their field of vision that are especially noticeable when looking at something bright, such as white paper or a blue sky. They m
about 80 percent of the eye and helps it maintain a round shape, slowly shrinks. As the vitreous shrinks, it becomes somewhat
mmon in people who are very nearsighted, have diabetes, or who have had a cataract operation.
n optometrist with the use of an ophthalmoscope or slit lamp. However, if the floater is a small piece of debris and near the reti
d simply an annoyance. They can be distracting at first, but eventually tend to "settle" at the bottom of the eye, becoming less b
d vision, at first only in the mornings Seeing colored halos around lights Worsening vision throughout the day
k part of the cornea. This layer is called the endothelium. The disease occurs when these cells slowly start to die off. (The cause
ed down from parents to children. In some families, it is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. That means that if either
ty to light The feeling that something is in your eye when there is nothing there Vision problems such as seeing halos or cloudy
splant, a patient with severe Fuchs' dystrophy may become blind or have severe pain and very reduced vision.Mild cases of Fuc

s grow into the cornea. Such growth can cause loss of the normal clearness of the cornea. This condition is often caused by infe
treated before this eye condition develops. However, interstitial keratitis remains the most common cause of blindness in the w
an ophthalmologist and a medical specialist with expertise in the underlying disease. Any worsening pain, increasing redness, o
can preserve the clear cornea and good vision.
corrected with glasses. (Vision can generally be corrected to 20/20 with rigid, gas-permeable contact lenses.)Most people who
us is probably present from birth. Keratoconus is thought to involve a defect in collagen, the tissue that makes up most of the c
he nearsightedness tends to become worse over time.
glasses should be evaluated by an eye doctor experienced with keratoconus.
contact lenses.If corneal transplantation is needed, results are usually good. The recovery period can be long, and patients ofte

ently unable to fully move the elbow. With treatment, there is usually no permanent damage.The outlook is generally excellen
0 D on the measuring drum with the target crisply in focus. Place the spectacles in the lensometer with the ocular surface awa
nful eye Small defect on the iris or conjunctivaIn some cases, there may be no symptoms.
apidly.Melanoma of the eye can affect several parts of the eye, including the:Choroid Ciliary body Conjunctiva Eyelid Iris OrbitT
en so, primary melanoma of the eye is rare.Excessive exposure to sunlight is an important risk factor. The occurrence of melan
ave symptoms of melanoma of the eye.
he cancer at the time of diagnosis. Most patients will survive at least 5 years from the time of diagnosis if the cancer has not sp
in the distance are blurred. Squinting will tend to make far away objects seem clearer.Nearsightedness is often first noticed in
(refracts) light and points it to the back surface of the eye, called the retina.Nearsightedness occurs when the physical length o
child shows these signs, which may indicate a vision problem:Having difficulty reading the blackboard in school or signs on a wa
d can suffer socially and educationally by not being able to see well at a distance.
hora) of the eyes are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. Additionally, symptoms vary based on the specific type
ovirus, but many other factors can lead to its occurrence. Other causes include:Allergies (allergic conjunctivitis) Bacteria Certain
bacterial form of conjunctivitis are at risk for developing conjunctivitis. Children and adults can develop both bacterial and vira
However, newborns with ophthalmia neonatorum must be treated immediately to prevent blindness.
olves, in 65% of cases, within 2 – 5 days.
ted whitish-pinkish tissue, with blood vessels on the inner or outer edge of the cornea.
ver, since people who have pterygia usually have spent a significant time outdoors, many doctors believe ultraviolet (UV) light f
at live in sunny, dry climates. Additionally, chronic dry eye is believed to contribute to pterygium. Risk factors are exposure to s
gnosis. Special tests are usually not necessary.
f the white portion of the eye (sclera) become swollen. This may result from dry air, too much sun, dust, something in the eye,
s 911) if:Your eye is red after a penetrating injury. You have a headache along with blurred vision or confusion. You are seeing h
hen you are tired or sick.The eyes do not move together and may appear crossed at times.The other eye will appear turned ou
o that both eyes can focus on the same object.In someone with strabismus, these muscles do not work together. As a result, on
ay be a contributing factor, especially in children. Any other disease that causes vision loss may also cause strabismus.
ointment with your health care provider or eye doctor if your child:Appears to be cross-eyed Complains of double vision Has d
an remain.The child may still have reading problems in school, and for adults driving may be more difficult. Vision may affect th
include:A gritty, scratchy sensation as if there is a foreign body Sensitivity to light Tearing of your eye Tenderness of the eyelid
lands in the eyelids that provide lubrication to the tear film. Styes are similar to common acne pimples that occur elsewhere on

lid bump worsens or does not improve within a week or two of self-care. The eyelid bump or bumps become very large or pain
he outcome is generally excellent with simple treatment.Possible complications:Recurrence of a stye Spread of infection to oth
ia. The condition begins slowly as inflammation of the tissue lining the eyelids (conjunctivitis, or "pink eye"), which if untreated
achomatis.The condition occurs worldwide, mostly in rural settings in developing countries. It frequently affects children, altho
ed an area of the world where trachoma is common and there are symptoms of conjunctivitis.
ormities has an excellent prognosis.
re common to all types of airway blockage. They include:Agitation or fidgeting Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis) Changes in co
tions in which the trachea or throat swell closed, including allergic reactions to a bee sting, peanuts, antibiotics (penicillin), and
ow to clear an airway of a foreign body by using a method such as the Heimlich maneuver.Diseases in which airway obstruction
s dangerous and may be fatal, even if treated.
re common to all types of airway blockage. They include:Agitation or fidgeting. Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis) Changes in co
tions in which the trachea or throat swell closed, including allergic reactions to a bee sting, peanuts, antibiotics (penicillin), and
ow to clear an airway of a foreign body by using a method such as the Heimlich maneuver. Diseases in which airway obstructio
s dangerous and may be fatal, even if treated.
ow and are easily damaged. Both baby teeth and permanent teeth are affected.
dominant trait. That means you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent in order for you to get the disease.

g the voice Loud breathing Lower neck mass, often noted to be rapidly enlarging
tic thyroid cancer.
der Asian race Age between 25 and 65 years old. Exposure to radiation to the head and neck as an infant or child or being expo
ass in the neck, hoarseness, changing voice, cough, or coughing up blood.
ve longer than 6 months due to the aggressive nature of this disease and lack of effective treatment options. The prognosis (cha
gered by head movement Often starts suddenly Lasts a few minutes or lessMost often, patients say they cannot roll in bed or ti
er ear. The inner ear has fluid-filled tubes called semicircular canals. The canals are very sensitive to movement of the fluid, wh
artly run in families. A prior head injury (even a slight bump to the head) or an inner ear infection called labyrinthitis may make
een evaluated or if treatment is ineffective. Also call if you develop any associated symptoms (such as weakness, slurred speec
es with time. This condition may occur again without warning.
ave no symptoms.If there is only a small amount of bleeding, the only symptom may be dark or black streaks in the stools.If lar
ophageal varices. This scarring prevents blood from flowing through the liver. As a result, more blood flows through the veins o

ou vomit blood or have black tarry stools.

ageal varices are a serious complication of liver disease and have a poor outcome.
e breath.Bad breath related to poor oral hygiene is most common and caused by release of sulphur compounds by bacteria in t
clude:Abscessed tooth Alcoholism Cavities Dentures DrugsParaldehyde Triamterene and inhaled anesthetics Insulin - injectionF
smoking or eating odor-causing foods). You have breath odor and signs of a respiratory infection, such as fever, cough, or face
examination.You may be asked the following medical history questions:Is there a specific odor? Is there a fishy smell? Does the
us spreads further) Oral thrush (Candida in the mouth) Painful swallowing
hen the yeast spreads from the mouth down the esophagus.
he following raise your risk for Candida infections:HIV/AIDS Chemotherapy Diabetes Leukemia or lymphoma Organ transplants
evelop symptoms of esophagitis, especially if you know that you are immunosuppressed.
pends on the immune system problem that makes the person develop the infection.
Drooping eyelids Headaches Vision loss
nfection that has spread from the sinuses, teeth, ears, eyes, nose, or skin of the face.
ots may also develop cavernous sinus thrombosis.
ooping eyelids Eye pain Inability to move your eye in any particular direction Vision loss
ate of this condition has improved tremendously since the introduction of antibiotics.
cally, infants only mouth breathe when they cry. Babies with choanal atresia have difficulty breathing unless they are crying.Ch
when the thin tissue separating the nose and mouth area during fetal development remains after birth.
rn infants, affecting about 1 in 7,000 live births. Females get this condition about twice as often as males. More than half of aff
lly diagnosed shortly after birth while the infant is still in the hospital. One-sided atresia may not cause symptoms, and the infa

e in the middle ear. This pulls a part of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) into the middle ear, creating a pocket or cyst that fill
ommonly occurs as a complication of chronic ear infection.
, or other symptoms occur or worsen, or if hearing loss occurs.
ery usually works, but you may occasionally need the ear cleaned by a health care provider. Additional surgery may be needed
ft lip may be just a small notch in the lip. It may also be a complete split in the lip that goes all the way to the base of the nose.A
h genes passed down from one or both parents, drugs, viruses, or other toxins can all cause such birth defects. Cleft lip and pala
birth defectAbout 1 out of 2,500 people have a cleft palate.
lth care provider's recommendations for follow-up visits. Call if problems develop between visits.
e several surgeries, most children with a cleft lip and palate can achieve normal appearance, speech, and eating. However, som
ever Mouth sores (oral lesions)

he following conditions raise your risk for CMV infections:HIV/AIDS Chemotherapy Diabetes Leukemia or lymphoma Organ tran
esophagitis, especially if you have a suppressed immune system.
pends on the immune system problem that makes the person more likely to get the infection.
de:Tooth pain or achy feeling, particularly after sweet, hot, or cold foods and drinks Visible pits or holes in the teeth
d only to the common cold.Bacteria are normally present in the mouth. The bacteria convert all foods -- especially sugar and st
y person. It is a common cause of tooth loss in younger people.Carbohydrates (sugars and starches) increase the risk of tooth de
with your dentist for a routine cleaning and examination if you have not had one in the last 6 months to 1 year.
and less expensive than treatment of extensive decay.You may need numbing medicine (lidocaine), nitrous oxide (laughing ga
mouth Problems with swallowing Too much saliva productionSome people with drooling problems are at increased risk of brea
lly a sign of a disease or other problem. It may occur with teething. Drooling in infants and young children may get worse with
not been diagnosed. There is concern about aspiration. Your child has a fever, difficulty breathing, or holds his or her head in a s
out the symptoms, including:Is there a history of any other diseases? Has the person had a bite or sting? Has the person had an
ying. Many infants and children with an acute ear infection have a fever or trouble sleeping. Tugging on the ear is not always a s
ack of the throat. This tube drains fluid normally made in the middle ear. If the eustachian tube becomes blocked, fluid can buil
(especially those with more than 6 children) Changes in altitude or climate Cold climate Exposure to smoke Genetic factors (sus
ove within 24 to 48 hours At the start, the child seems sicker than just an ear infection Your child has a high fever or severe pain
. They can be quite painful. If you or your child are prescribed an antibiotic, it is important to finish all your medication as instru
ymptoms than an acute infection. It may go unnoticed and untreated for a long time.Symptoms may include:Ear pain or discom
ack of the throat. This tube drains fluid normally made in the middle ear. If the eustachian tube becomes blocked, fluid can buil
achian tubes are shorter, narrower, and more horizontal than in adults. Chronic ear infections are much less common than acu
r your child has signs of a chronic ear infection An ear infection does not respond to treatment New symptoms develop during
your child may need to keep taking medicines for several months.Chronic ear infections are not life threatening, but they can b
ussiness Increased crying IrritabilityMany children will have temporary and minor hearing loss during, and right after, an ear inf
he back of the throat. This tube drains fluid that is normally made in the middle ear. If the eustachian tube becomes blocked, fl
seems sicker than is usual for an ear infection. New symptoms appear, especially: Dizziness Severe headache Swelling around t
, nose, and throat areas.Pain, tenderness, or redness of the mastoid bone behind the ear on the skull is often a sign of a seriou
of the teeth) Bright red or red-purple appearance to gums Gums that are tender when touched, but otherwise painless Mouth
nvolves inflammation and infection that destroys the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, the periodontal ligam
lops during puberty or early adulthood due to hormonal changes and may persist or recur frequently, depending on the health
y if you have not had a routine cleaning and examination in the last 6 months.Call your health care provider if the dentist recom
able. Bleeding and tenderness of the gums should lessen within 1 or 2 weeks after professional cleaning and careful oral hygien
cranial nerve:Back of the nose and throat (nasopharynx) Back of the tongue Ear Throat Tonsil area Voice box (larynx)The pain o
n of the ninth cranial nerve, called the glossopharyngeal nerve.In most cases, the source of irritation is never found. Some poss

haryngeal neuralgia. See a pain specialist if the pain is severe to be sure that you are aware of all your options for controlling pa
effectiveness of the first treatment. Surgery is considered effective for people who do not benefit from medications.
of the teeth) Bright red or red-purple appearance to gums Gums that are tender when touched, but otherwise painless Mouth
nvolves inflammation and infection that destroys the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, the periodontal ligam
lops during puberty or early adulthood due to hormonal changes and may persist or recur frequently, depending on the health
y if you have not had a routine cleaning and examination in the last 6 months.Call your health care provider if the dentist recom
able. Bleeding and tenderness of the gums should lessen within 1 or 2 weeks after professional cleaning and careful oral hygien
clude:Abscessed tooth Alcoholism Cavities Dentures Drugs Paraldehyde Triamterene and inhaled anesthetics Insulin - injection

requently diagnosed by people in close proximity to you.

born baby with hearing loss may not startle when a loud noise sounds nearby. Older infants, who should be responding to fami
s infants. The loss can occur in one or both ears, and may be mild, moderate, severe, or profound. Profound hearing loss is wha
ring loss Infection with some viruses and bacteria Low birth weight Problems with the structure of the skull bonesAbout 2 - 3 in
ys signs of hearing loss, such as not reacting to loud noises, not making or mimicking noises, or not speaking at the expected ag
the hearing loss. Advances in hearing aid technology and speech therapy allow many children to develop normal language skil
wing Ulcers in the mouth and throat, and similar sores on the feet, hands, and buttocksThe ulcers usually have a white to whitis

mon childhood infection. It is most often seen in children ages 3 - 10, but it can occur in any age group. Cases of herpangina at s
ores last for more than 5 days Your child is having trouble drinking liquids or looks dehydrated Fever becomes very high or does

tenderness of the gums (gingiva) or jaw bone Prolonged headache or jaw ache Redness and swelling of the gums around the im
and again when the primary (baby) teeth are replaced by the permanent teeth. If a tooth fails to emerge, or emerges only parti
teeth (the third set of molars). They are the last teeth to emerge, usually between the ages of 17 and 21.
merged tooth) and pain in the gums or other symptoms have developed.
may never require treatment. Treatment is usually successful when it does cause symptoms.It is often preferable to have wisdom
he eyes because of involuntary eye movements Dizziness Hearing loss in one ear Loss of balance, such as falling toward one sid
and inflamed. This interferes with their function, which includes the ability to keep your balance.The following raise your risk f
after an ear infection (otitis media) or an upper respiratory infection. It may also occur after an allergy, cholesteatoma, or takin
ce, or other symptoms of labyrinthitis are present. Also call if hearing loss occurs.Urgent or emergency symptoms include doub
al.Severe symptoms usually go away within a week. Most patients are completely better within 2 to 3 months. Continued dizzi
on the insides of the cheek, or on the outer femal genitals. The most common symptoms of hairy leukoplakia are painless, fuzz
h. It is thought to be caused by irritation, but the causes is not always known.Irritation in the mouth may be caused by:Rough te

ave any lesions resembling leukoplakia or hairy leukoplakia.

weeks or months after the source of irritation is removed.Rarely, it may become cancer.
nker sores, or other irritation caused by:A sharp or broken tooth or poorly fitting dentures Biting your cheek, tongue, or lip Burn
often than men. This may be related to hormone changes.
medication You have large white patches on the roof of your mouth or your tongue (this may be thrush or another type of infecti
our mouth and tongue. Medical history questions may include the following:Are the sores on your lips, gums, tongue, lining of y
 ulcer. In general, symptoms may include:Open sores in the mouth Pain or discomfort in the mouth
ker sores Gingivostomatitis Herpes simplex (fever blister) Leukoplakia Oral cancer Oral lichen planus Oral thrushThe skin lesion
y have a higher risk:Canker sores Gingivostomatitis Herpes simplex (fever blister) Leukoplakia Oral cancer Oral lichen planus Or
mouth ulcers don't go away after 3 weeks. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if mouth ulcers return freque
mouth ulcers are harmless and heal without treatment.There are types of cancer, however, that may first appear as a mouth u
g the nose very hard Chemical irritants Direct injury to nose, including a broken nose Nose picking Overuse of decongestant nas
bleeding disorders or high blood pressure.Frequent nosebleeds may also be a sign of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (als
Nose bleeding occurs after an injury to the head -- this may suggest a skull fracture and x-rays should be taken Your nose may
you may be watched for signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock. The doctor will ask you questions about your nosebleeds,
ussiness Increased crying IrritabilityMany children will have temporary and minor hearing loss during, and right after, an ear inf
he back of the throat. This tube drains fluid that is normally made in the middle ear. If the eustachian tube becomes blocked, fl
seems sicker than is usual for an ear infection. New symptoms appear, especially: Dizziness Severe headache Swelling around t
, nose, and throat areas.Pain, tenderness, or redness of the mastoid bone behind the ear on the skull is often a sign of a seriou
ptured eardrum can cause a white, slightly bloody, or yellow discharge from the ear. Dry crusted material on a child's pillow is
s the result of an injury. The discharge has lasted more than 5 days. There is severe pain. The discharge is associated with other
hyroid gland, which is located at the center part of the front of the neck.While some small lumps may be cancer, most thyroid n
nvolved.Radiation increases the risk of developing thyroid cancer. Exposure may occur from:High-dose external radiation treatm
s are papillary carcinoma type. It is more common in women than in men. It may occur in childhood, but is most often seen in a

than 95% of adults with such cancer survive at least 10 years. The prognosis is better for patients younger than 40 and for thos
front of the ears, under the chin, or on the floor of the mouth); the size of the swelling gradually increases. Difficulty moving o
e saliva, which moistens food to help with chewing and swallowing.Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestion process, a

chewing You notice a lump in the mouth, under the jaw, or in the neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks or is getting larger
g. Removing the tumor with surgery usually cures the condition. In rare cases, the tumor is cancerous and further treatment is
smelling Ear pain, which may get worse when you pull on the outer ear Hearing loss Itching of the ear or ear canal
loving bacteria such as Pseudomonas, as well as other bacteria or fungi (in rare cases), can cause ear infections.Other causes o
nd young adults. It is occasionally associated with middle ear infection (otitis media) or upper respiratory infections such as cold
evelop any symptoms of swimmer's ear You notice any drainage coming from your ears Your symptoms get worse or continue

us and may be described as gnawing, sharp, shooting, or throbbing.Other symptoms may include:Bitter taste in the mouth Brea
sult from trauma to the tooth, such as when a tooth is broken or chipped. Openings in the tooth enamel allow bacteria to infec

ening complications.Prompt treatment usually cures the infection. The tooth can usually be saved in many cases.
ing (inflammation) and ulcers in the gums (gingiva).Bad breath Crater-like ulcers between the teeth Fever Foul taste in the mou
he IRF6 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays an important role in early development. This protein is a tran
at risk. This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is s
at occurs at least twice per month.
ent ages. Nighttime dryness is usually the last stage of toilet learning. When children wet the bed more than twice per month a
der.Children should have a physical exam and a urine test to rule out urinary tract infection or other causes.If your child is havi
is no physical cause of bedwetting. The child may feel embarrassment or have a loss of self-esteem because of the problem. It
ouching) Bowing of legs is same on both side of the body (symmetrical) Bowed legs continue beyond age 3
the uterus. The infant's bowed legs begin to straighten once the child starts to walk and the legs begin to bear weight (about 1
worsening bowed legs after age 3.
blem walking.
h a strange explanation of the cause of the injury. The child's injury may not be recent.Symptoms include:Black eyes Broken bon
y people who commit physical abuse were abused themselves as children. As a result, they often do not realize that abuse is no
abuse.Call your health care provider, Child Protective Services, or local police if you suspect or know that someone is being ab
uries. Psychological recovery depends on the results of therapy, and whether the child can develop trusting relationships with a
hool Eating disorders, leading to weight loss or poor weight gain Emotional issues such as low self-esteem, depression, and anx
 cted is difficult to define.Abused children are at risk of becoming abusers themselves as adults.
uch as unexplained injuries, weight loss, or severe tiredness Unexplained behavior changesSuspected child abuse of any form m
a family.The long-term outcome depends on:How severe the abuse was For how long the child was abused The success of ther
epression or severe anxiety and nervousness.They can include:Bowel disorders, such as soiling oneself (encopresis) Eating disor
ades ago. Today, it is considered a serious issue.It is difficult to determine how often child sexual abuse occurs, because it is mo
ealth care provider, Child Protective Services, or police.
ends on:Family and social support The child's personality The length of time the child was abused and the type of abuse Therap
be found in the scrotum (this may be described as an empty scrotum).
are 9 months old. Undescended testicles are fairly common in infants who are born early (premature infants). It occurs in abou
ndescended testicle.
edicine or surgery to correct the condition is usually successful. In about 5% of patients with undescended testicles, the testicle
hidism) Extra fingers (polydactyly) Limited range of motion Nail problems, including missing or deformed nails Short arms and le
is caused by defects in one of two Ellis van Creveld syndrome genes (EVC and EVC2) that are next to each other.The severity of

s syndrome. If you have a family history of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and your child has any symptoms, visit your health care p
e to a small chest or heart defect. Stillbirth is common.The outcome depends on which body system is involved and to what ex
rning Joint pain Limited range of motion Joints may be warm or swollen and sometimes red A child may stop using an affected
ne illness. In this type of condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue.It is divided

otice symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment New symptoms develo
nvolved, or who have a positive rheumatoid factor are more likely to have chronic pain and poor school attendance, and to be d
y suspect that the child is excessively stressed if the child has experienced a potentially stressful situation and begins to have sy
gative emotional or physical change or both. People of all ages can experience stress. In small quantities, stress is good, it can m
crease or disappear.
llowing are some tips:Provide a safe, secure, familiar, consistent, and dependable home. Be selective in the television program
after the last drink, but can occur days later. Symptoms get worse in 48 - 72 hours, and may persist for weeks.Common sympt
ur in teenagers or children.The more you drink every day, the more likely you are to develop alcohol withdrawal symptoms whe
me life threatening.Call your health care provider or go the emergency room if you think you might be in alcohol withdrawal, e
age and whether the person can stop drinking completely.Alcohol withdrawal may range from a mild and uncomfortable disord
t things done. Stress does not affect everyone the same way.Many people feel stress symptoms in their body. You may be havi
xamples are:Starting a new job or school Moving to a new home Getting married Having a child Breaking up with someone An
ou may want to seek more help are:You have feelings of panic, such as dizziness, rapid breathing, or a racing heartbeat. You are
Depressed mood Fatigue Generalized malaise 8Increased appetite Vivid and unpleasant dreams Slowing of activityThe craving
o release higher than normal amounts of some biochemicals. However, cocaine's effects on other parts of the body can be very
to stop using it.
wever, the rates of achieving stabilization are as good as those for other chronic illnesses like diabetes and asthma.Treatment
und presentation of clinical depression as a somatized set of symptoms or a result of Western doctors' misinterpretation of pati
ude:Confusion Continuing to use drugs even when health, work, or family are being harmed Episodes of violence Hostility when
who use drugs for pain relief may become dependent, although this is rare in those who don't have a history of addiction.The e
re addicted to drugs and would like to get off of them, or if you have been cut off from your drug supply and are at risk of withd
. Some people start taking the drugs again after they have stopped. Relapses can lead to continued dependence.
Therapy are:The subject should have a final goal which should represent non-phobic behavior. This might be (for example) to h
vere.Painful areas are called tender points. Tender points are found in the soft tissue on the back of the neck, shoulders, chest,
gia include:Physical or emotional trauma Abnormal pain response - areas in the brain that are responsible for pain may react diff
e following conditions may be seen with fibromyalgia or mimic its symptoms:Chronic neck or back pain Chronic fatigue syndrom

s improve. Other times, the pain may get worse and continue for months or years.
ur in a specific order, and can (at times) occur together. Not everyone experiences all of these emotions:Denial, disbelief, numb
can experience grief if they have an illness for which there is no cure, or a chronic condition that affects their quality of life. Th
e using excessive amounts of drugs or alcohol You become very depressed You have prolonged depression that interferes with
 f, and to accept the loss.
hat they are breathing fast. However, they will be aware of having many of the other symptoms, including:Belching Bloating Ch
gestive heart failure or heart attack Drugs (such as an aspirin overdose) Infection such as pneumonia or sepsis Ketoacidosis and
ess, anxiety, depression, or anger. Occasional hyperventilation from panic is generally related to a specific fear or phobia, such
and you should be taken to the emergency room right away.) Severe pain, having a fever, or noticed any bleeding. Worsening
ess, and mild euphoria (getting high).Smoking marijuana leads to fast and predictable signs and symptoms. Eating marijuana ca
symptoms of intoxication, has trouble breathing, or cannot be awakened, call 911 or your local emergency number.If the perso
not survive. However, these reactions are rare.
ht, often between midnight and 2 a.m.Children often scream and are very frightened and confused. They thrash around violent
ever Lack of sleep Periods of emotional tension, stress, or conflictNight terrors are most common in boys ages 5 - 7, although th
ight terrors occur often They disrupt sleep on a regular basis Other symptoms occur with the night terror The night terror cause
he number of episodes usually decreases after age 10. Rarely, children will have problems falling asleep or staying asleep.
A major life event occurs before the nightmare in some cases.Other causes of nightmares include:Abrupt alcohol withdrawal B
than once a week Nightmares stop you from getting a good night's rest, or from keeping up with your daily activities for a long
e aches Increased tearing Insomnia Runny nose Sweating YawningLate symptoms of withdrawal include:Abdominal cramping D
the course of their lifetime, including illegal drugs like heroin and prescribed pain medications such as Oxycontin.These drugs c

sorder.In general, personality disorders involve feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that do not adapt to a wide range of settings.T
any genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role.Mental health professionals categorize these disorders into th
tal health professional if you or someone close to you has symptoms of a personality disorder.
middle age without any treatment, while others only improve slowly throughout life, even with treatment.
ey are awake when they are actually asleep. They may get up and walk around, or do complex activities such as moving furnitu
ss to deep sleep. During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the eyes move quickly and vivid dreaming is most common.Each nig
u are sleepwalking. However, discuss the condition with your doctor if:You also have other symptoms Sleepwalking is frequent
does not indicate a serious disorder, although it can be a symptom of other disorders.It is unusual for sleepwalkers to perform a
nd strategies for everyday tasks. Dysexecutive syndrome is defined as "cluster of impairments generally associated with damag
t things done. Stress does not affect everyone the same way.Many people feel stress symptoms in their body. You may be havi
Examples are:Starting a new job or school Moving to a new home Getting married Having a child Breaking up with someoneAn
ou may want to seek more help are:You have feelings of panic, such as dizziness, rapid breathing, or a racing heartbeat. You are
o any prescribed medications If you are concerned about possible drug abuse by yourself or a family member If you are interest
behaviors before a suicide attempt, including:Having trouble concentrating or thinking clearly Giving away belongings Talking
olar disorder Borderline personality disorder Depression Drug or alcohol dependence SchizophreniaPeople who try to commit s
mily member who committed suicide History of hurting themselves on purpose History of being neglected or abused Living in co
ow is having thoughts of suicide.
hird of people who try to commit suicide will try again within 1 year.About 10% of people who threaten or try to commit suicid
sample. However, it may be done soon after swallowing the medication, using stomach contents that are obtained through gas
rovider what drugs (including over-the-counter medications) you have taken, including when and how much.This test is someti
eople feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Urine te
e used to evaluate possible accidental or intentional overdose or poisoning.It may help determine the cause of acute drug toxic
cations may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.A neg
intentional or accidental intoxication or overdose.The presence of illegal drugs or drugs not prescribed for the person indicate
from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.O
Shortness of breathSymptoms usually develop within 24 to 48 hours of the original injury or illness. Often, people with ARDS a
jury to the lung. Some common causes include:Breathing vomit into the lungs (aspiration) Inhaling chemicals Pneumonia Septic
ent is already in the hospital. Occasionally, a healthy person may develop severe pneumonia that gets worse and becomes ARD
ors usually get back normal lung function, but many people have permanent, usually mild, lung damage. Many people who surv
s worse over time) Tightness in the chestPossible other symptoms include:Clubbing of fingers Nail abnormalities
orm inside the lung. Scarred lung tissue does not expand and contract normally.How severe the disease is depends on how long
uspect that you've been exposed to asbestos or if you have unexplained symptoms.
posed to, and for how long. This condition tends to get worse more slowly than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis if you stop being
pain Cough with Foul-smelling phlegm (sputum) Pus Blood Greenish sputumFatigue Fever Shortness of breath WheezingOther
to the lungs are:Being less alert due to medicines, illness, or other reasons Coma Disorders of the esophagus, the tube that mov

all the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:Chest pain Chills Fever Shortness of breath Wheezing
ype of bacteria causing the pneumonia How much of the lungs are involvedIf acute respiratory failure develops, the patient ma

us or bronchioles) or by pressure on the outside of the lung. It is common after surgery, or in patients who were in the hospital.

life threatening. The rest of the lung can make up for the collapsed area, bringing in enough oxygen for the body to function. La
usually mild.Pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila gets worse during the first 4 - 6 days, and then improves over 4 - 5 days
aused by the bacteria M. pneumoniae. It typically affects people younger than age 40. Pneumonia due to chlamydia-related ba
or shortness of breath. There are numerous causes for these symptoms. The doctor will need to rule out pneumonia.
ophila do well with the right antibiotic therapy. P.Legionella can be severe, leading to problems such as kidney failure, diabetes
ears after the event that causes the bronchiectasis.They may include:Bluish skin color Breath odor Chronic cough with large am
ection of the airways. It most often begins in childhood as a complication from infection or inhaling a foreign object.Cystic fibro
ngal infections), abnormal lung defenses, and obstruction of the airways by a foreign body or tumor are some of the risk factors
ath gets worse There is a change in color or amount of the phlegm you cough up, or if it is bloody Other symptoms get worse or
jor disability.
iscomfort Cough that produces mucus; if it's yellow-green, you are more likely to have a bacterial infection Fatigue Fever -- usu
At first, it affects your nose, sinuses, and throat and then spreads to the lungs. Sometimes, you may get another (secondary) ba
and young children Persons with heart or lung disease Smokers
ough that returns frequently You are coughing up blood You have a high fever or shaking chills You have a low-grade fever for 3
days if you do not have an underlying lung disorder. However, a dry, hacking cough can linger for a number of months.The chan
w the lungs to fully expand. The tube is placed between the ribs and into the space between the inner lining and the outer linin
g to collapse, such as:After surgery or trauma in the chest (pneumothorax or hemothorax). Air leaks from the lung into the ches

hile the chest tube is in place, the nursing staff will carefully check for possible air leaks, breathing difficulties, and the need for
eling (malaise). Loss of appetite. Muscle aches or joint pains. Shortness of breath. Shortness of breath on exertion. Sweating, ex
ype viruses. Infection with CMV is very common. Most humans are exposed to CMV in their lifetime, but typically only individu

not destroy it. CMV itself suppresses the immune system, and may increase the risk of other infections due to the additional im
ositive history of connective tissue diseases, drug intake, malignancy and other interstitial lung disease. Common symptoms are
agents, drugs, inflammatory diseases, and toxic exposures.
ually, usually beginning between the ages of 40 and 60.
ed to a productive cough.
significantly better than that of other interstitial lung diseases. Recovery occurs in approximately 2/3 of patients treated with st
ain number of puffs which is printed on the canister. Even though the inhaler may continue to work beyond that number of use
bacco products. Of these, nicotine, first identified in the early 1800s, is the primary reinforcing component of tobacco that acts
cted to nicotine. Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, even in the face of negative health consequen
e:Excessive daytime sleepiness. Falling asleep during the day. Increased risk for accidents or mistakes at work. Depression.Symp
with the syndrome have a form of sleep apnea.OHS is believed to result from both a defect in the brain's control over breathin
ay, or have any other symptoms that suggest OHS.
ms, severe disability, or death. Chronic sleeping problems may also increase the chance of having a motor vehicle accident.
y). Dry cough. Excessive sweating, especially night sweats. Fever and chills. General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malai
he lung. It leads to a buildup of pus in the pleural space.There can be a pint or more of infected fluid. This fluid puts pressure on

t lung damage and death goes up. Patients will need long-term treatment with antibiotics and drainage. However, most people

complicated (also called progressive massive fibrosis, or PMF).Your risk of getting coal worker's pneumoconiosis depends on h
evelop symptoms of coal worker's pneumoconiosis.
es disability or death. The complicated form may cause shortness of breath that gets progressively worse.
che Joint aches Muscle aches Shortness of breath
year in the United States.Bird owners, pet shop employees, persons who work in poultry processing plants, and veterinarians a
mptoms of psittacosis, call your health care provider.

nign). Benign nodules have many causes, including old scars and infections. Infectious granulomas are the cause of most benign
e professional when a chest x-ray is performed for some other reason.
ule does not grow larger over a 2-year period, under most circumstances nothing more need be done. On occasion, the appear
nvolve almost any body part or organ system in your body.Almost all patients have lung or chest symptoms:Chest pain (most o
s of abnormal tissue (granulomas) form in certain organs of the body. Granulomas are clusters of immune cells.The disease can
asians, especially in Caucasians of Scandinavian heritage. Females are usually affected more often than males. The disease typi
alpitations Vision changes Other symptoms of this disorder
ase may get better without treatment. About 30 - 50% of cases get better without treatment in 3 years. About 20% of people w
he diagnosis can be made without a confirmatory tissue biopsy .Lupus pernio Lofgren syndrome Heerfordt syndrome Bilateral h
e (local anesthetic) is injected in this area.A needle is placed through the skin and muscles of the chest wall into the space aroun
o much fluid between the layers of the pleura is called a pleural effusion.The test is performed to determine the cause of the e

small amount of fluid.What Abnormal Results MeanTesting the fluid will help your health care provider determine the cause o
ore throat Cough Headache Fever Malaise Fatigue, weakness Muscle pain
blows their nose near you. You touch your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something contaminated by the virus
people with decreased immunity are affected more commonly.

ew days, and it normally has a good prognosis.

be severe at first. The most common symptoms of pneumonia are:Cough (with some pneumonias you may cough up mucus, or
lder adults, because their bodies have a harder time fighting off the virus. Viral pneumonia is most often caused by one of seve
treatment within 1 - 3 weeks, but some cases are more serious and require hospitalization.

ou may have a tingling or burning sensation, a dull achy feeling, or sharp pain. Depending on the cause, you also may have weak
in your life. While such pain or discomfort can happen anywhere in your back, the most common area affected is your low bac
30 Are pregnant Feel stressed or depressed Have arthritis or osteoporosis Smoke Do not exercise Are overweight Have a job tha
blow or fall Burning with urination or blood in your urine History of cancer Loss of control over urine or stool (incontinence) Pa
ck pain. After another 4-6 weeks, the back pain will likely be completely gone.
s. No matter what causes it, joint pain can be very bothersome. Some things that can cause joint pain are:A utoimmune disease
associated with flu symptoms.You have lost 10 pounds or more without trying (unintended weight loss).Your joint pain lasts for
including:Tingling or burning sensation Dull aching Sharp pain Weakness in your legs or feetLow back pain can vary widely. The
doing many things improperly-- such as standing or lifting-- for a long time. Then suddenly, one simple movement (such as reac
30 Are pregnant Feel stressed or depressed Have arthritis or osteoporosis Smoke Do not exercise Are overweight Have a job tha
ck pain, especially if you have also have numbness, loss of movement, weakness, or bowel or bladder changes.
know when you need to seek medical help and when self-care measures will allow you to get better.
rl up and are unable to be easily straightened Painless nodule in the palm, developing into a cord-like band Thickening of the lin
ake you more likely to develop this condition.One or both hands may be affected. The ring finger is affected most often, followe
n are affected more often than women. Risk factors are alcoholism, epilepsy, pulmonary tuberculosis, diabetes, and liver diseas

ment can usually restore normal movement to the fingers. The disease can recur following surgery in some cases.
tingling in one or both hands Pain in one or both hands Weakness in one or both hands Muscle weakness Tenderness and swe
cases have been reported in the past 35 years.People with this condition have a buildup of eosinophils, a type of white blood ce
n people ages 30 to 60.
ymptoms of this disorder.
wever, symptoms may return (recur) or persist. The outlook is much worse if blood diseases occur.
s. With the disease progresses, patients may show symptoms of cardiac and pulmonary problems.Appearance of hunchback Fa
ondylitis Connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome Muscular dystrophy Neurofibromatosis Paget's disease Polio Sp

s of patients with kyphosis caused by tumors is poor than other causes. Whether the patient is accompanied with complication
metimes there may be mild pain that comes and goes.Other symptoms may include:Hip stiffness that restricts movement in th
ttle is actually known.Without enough blood to the area, the bone dies. The ball of the hip will collapse and become flat. Usuall

d develops any symptoms of this disorder.

disease. In general, the younger the child is when the disease starts, the better the outcome.Children younger than 6 years old
feeling of being unwell: This malaise may be accompanied by increased fatigue and a mild fever. Cold and numb fingers or toes
wn. Mixed connective tissue disease is an autoimmune disorder. In autoimmune disorders, your immune system (responsible
. However, it appears to be most common in women under the age of 30.
with your daily routine — particularly if you've already been diagnosed with lupus or another connective tissue disease.

. The worst prognosis and high mortality rate are associated with the presence of pulmonary involvement.
ost patients, it develops slowly and worsens over time. Usual signs and symptoms include:Joint pain, gets worse during or after
of arthritis, such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis Congenital abnormalities

mit your movements.

those at the end of the fingers or toes. In some people, the disease may be severe and affect many joints, including the spine a
atches on the body. About 1 in 20 people with psoriasis will develop arthritis with the skin condition. In most cases, psoriasis co
hritis than the general population.
hritis progress.Diseases that can present with similar symptoms areRheumatoid arthritis Reactive arthritis Gout Arthritis associa
e may get less aggressive over time in some patients. In other group, patients may lose their abilities to do daily tasks. Prognosi
g in one finger or toe and moving on to other fingers or toes. The attacks can last from less than a minute to several hours. Usua
studies demonstrate the following factors may be associated with the onset of this disease.Cold temperatures Stress Family his

portant thing is to avoid triggers.

time Pain and change of color in the legs (due to decreased blood flow) Swelling of one legLater symptoms:Decreased urine out
ra fibrous tissue forms in the area behind the stomach and intestines. The excess tissue forms a mass (or masses) that can block
n or flank pain, particularly with decreased urine volume.
t of damage to the kidneys. The kidney damage may be temporary or permanent.
ts, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees, ankles, toes, jaw, and neck. Signs and symptoms come and go, depending on the degree of ti

ress.Diseases that can present with similar symptoms areGout Osteoarthritis

. Disease may get less aggressive over time in some patients. In other group, patients may lose their abilities of doing daily task
ain Dizziness / lightheadedness Fatigue Fever Joint or muscle pain Skin rash Night sweats Vision changes Weight loss Decreased
mainly in children and women between the ages of 20 to 40. It is more common in people of East Asian, Indian or Mexican des
dition. Weak pulse, chest pain, and breathing difficulty require immediate care.

ned treatment approach using medicines and surgery has lowered death rates. Adults have a better chance of survival than chi
ide of the elbow to the forearm and back of the hand when grasping or twisting Weak grasp
n. Muscles in your forearm attach to the bone on the outside of your elbow.When you use these muscles over and over again,
er racquet sports, hence the name "tennis elbow." Backhand is the most common stroke to cause symptoms.However, any acti
edications and keeping the elbow still) if:Symptoms are mild You have had this disorder before and you are sure you have tenn
of those who do have surgery show an improvement in symptoms.
ent or trauma to the body.
auma to the limb that is caused by an accident Poor blood flow to the limb Infections that do not go away or become worse an
 to the lungs Breathing problems BleedingRisks for this surgery are:A feeling that the limb is still there. This is called phantom s
ain things to prepare for it. Always tell your doctor or nurse:What drugs you are taking, even drugs or herbs you bought withou
e that will remain on for 3 or more days. You may have pain for the first few days. You will be able to take pain medicine as you
om the first part of the large intestine. It is removed when it becomes swollen (inflamed) or infected. An appendix that has a ho
e hard to diagnose, especially in children, older people, and women of childbearing age.Most often, the first symptom is pain a

edications. Problems breathing.Risks from any surgery include the following:Bleeding. infection of the wound.Other risks with
way. Do not use heating pads, enemas, laxatives, or other home treatments to try and relieve symptoms.Your health care prov
d do not need to make changes to diet, exercise, or lifestyle. Full recovery from surgery takes about 4 to 6 weeks. Limiting phys
. This is called an autograft. Autograft bone often comes from your ribs, hips or a leg.A bone graft can also be made from frozen
r bone loss from broken bones (fractures) or cancers Repair injured bone that has not healed
e bone defect to heal with little risk of graft rejection.
women. This is because diseases of the breast, in particular cancer, occur far more commonly in women then men. Malignanci
cision (cut) in your belly to open it up and see the area. The surgeon then removes your gallbladder by reaching in through the
u have gallstones or your gallbladder is not functioning normally (biliary dyskinesia). You may have some or all of these sympto

given. Breathing problems. Pneumonia. Heart problems. Blood clots in the legs or lungs.The risks for gallbladder surgery includ
ore you have surgery:Blood tests (complete blood count, electrolytes, and kidney tests). Chest x-ray or electrocardiogram (EKG)
home when you are able to drink liquids easily. Most people go home on the same day or the day after this surgery. If there w
l area opening and makes one of two cuts:A mediolateral cut is angled down away from the vagina and into the muscle. A midl
l tears during delivery. Today, routine episiotomies are not recommended.However, episiotomies may still be performed when

er to repair than multiple tears.You can resume normal activities shortly after the birth. The stitches are absorbed by the body
anti-reflux surgery. During this procedure, your surgeon will:First repair the hiatal hernia with stitches. The surgeon will tighten
heartburn that get better when you use medicines, but you do not want to continue taking these medicines. Symptoms of hear

problems, including pneumonia. Heart problems.Risks for any surgery are:Bleeding. Infection.Risks for this surgery are:Gas bloa
lete blood count, electrolytes, or liver tests). Upper endoscopy. Almost all people who have this procedure have already had th
ys in hospital. Those who have open surgery may spend 2 to 6 days in the hospital after the procedure.Most patients go back t
procedure.
his medication with a few amount of water (not a full glass).please bring your medications along with the prescriptions (if avail
night before it. Also you need to use a special antiseptic soap called chlorhexidine gluconate, but make sure not to use this soa

n. The testicles and penis may or may not be involved.Testicular torsion is a serious emergency in which the testicle become tw
tis Hernia Hydrocele Injury Orchitis Surgery in the genital area Testicular torsion Varicocele Testicular cancer
otal swelling The swelling is painful You have a testicle lump

ble, enlarged veins Mild swelling of ankles Brown discoloration of the skin at the ankles Skin ulcers near the ankle (this is more
toward the heart. With varicose veins, the valves do not function properly, allowing blood to remain in the vein. Pooling of bloo
bdomen may make you more likely to develop varicose veins, or may make the condition worse.
ose veins are painful They get worse or do not improve with self-treatment, such as keeping the legs elevated or avoiding exces
mfort and slow varicose vein progression with self care.
oughing Diarrhea Headache Hives Itching of the nose, mouth, throat, skin, or any other area Runny nose Skin rashes Stomach cr
which are generally harmless and in most people do not cause a problem.But in a person with allergies, the immune response is

e, once a substance has triggered an allergic reaction, it continues to affect the person.Allergy shots are most effective when u
ounds Anxiety Confusion Cough Diarrhea Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing Fainting, light-headedness, dizziness Hives, it
he person's immune system becomes sensitized to it. On a later exposure to that allergen, an allergic reaction may occur. This r

mportant to act right away.

ound the eyes and lips. It may also be found on the hands, feet, and throat. The swelling may form a line or be more spread ou
istamine when the immune system detects a foreign substance called an allergen.In many cases, the cause of angioedema is ne
call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:Abnormal breathing sounds (stridor) Difficulty breathing Fainting Wh

ness of breath. Either wheezing or a cough may be the main symptom.Asthma attacks can last for minutes to days, and can bec
assages swells. This reduces the amount of air that can pass by.In sensitive individuals, asthma symptoms can be triggered by br

attack requires more medication than recommended Symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment You have shortne
ma can lead normal lives.
e same size and shape on both sides. Symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis tend to come and go.

trolled with gluten free diet and an inability to adhere to the diet increase the risk of intestinal cancer.
ezing.Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:Abdominal pain or cramping. Confusion. Diarrhea. Difficulty breathing with wheeze or h
and vomiting to life-threatening anaphylaxis.A true drug allergy results from a series of chemical steps within the body that pr
ber (such as 911) if you have difficulty breathing or develop other symptoms of severe asthma or anaphylaxis. These are emerg

oms shortly after eating a specific food, you may have a food allergy. Key symptoms include hives, hoarse voice, and wheezing.O
nse is triggered by a substance that is generally harmless, such as a specific food.The cause of food allergies is related to your b
od. If your doctor prescribed epinephrine for severe reactions, inject it as soon as possible, even before calling 911. The sooner
package ingredients, and ask detailed questions when eating away from home.
roblems with smell Runny nose Sneezing Tearing eyesSymptoms that may develop later include:Stuffy nose (nasal congestion)
s, including histamine. This causes allergy symptoms such as itching, swelling, and mucus production.Hay fever involves an aller
e chance is greater if your mother has allergies.
ctive, or if your symptoms do not respond to treatment.
mmune system becomes less sensitive to the allergen. However, as a general rule, once a substance causes allergies for an indiv
find a connection between your activity and the disease.Symptoms may include:Chills. Cough. Fever. Malaise (feeling ill). Shortn
he most common type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is caused by repeated or intense exposure to proteins found in the fe

AST, test).SKIN TESTSSkin tests are the most common. Specific methods vary.One of the most common methods is the prick te
hinitis and asthma symptoms that are not easily controlled with medications. Angioedema and hives. Food allergies. Contact de

specific substance. Often, but not always, a positive result means the symptoms that you are having are due to exposure to the
ogether to form larger areas of flat, raised skin.They can also change shape, disappear, and reappear within minutes or hours. A
other symptoms. Hives are a common reaction, especially in people with other allergies such as hay fever.When swelling or we
re provider if the hives are severe, uncomfortable, and do not respond to self-care measures.

5 degrees F or higher
timinicore myopathy and central core disease.
sia You know you have a family history of malignant hyperthermia

r physicians have a number of options for the treatment of pain; some are more effective than others. Sometimes, relaxation a
g the wall of the vessel (aortic dissection), symptoms may develop suddenly. As the aneurysm grows, some symptoms may be:
a Genetic factors Obesity
more likely it is to rupture and break open.

nal aneurysm.
ripping Be felt below the chest bone, then move under the shoulder blades or to the back Move to the shoulder, neck, arm, ja
rough the chest and abdomen (the descending aorta). Acute aortic syndrome most often happens because of a tear or damage
tions associated with the development of acute aortic syndrome include:Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation (narrowing) of the ao

uptured aorta survive.Those who survive will need lifelong, aggressive treatment of high blood pressure. They will need to be fo
d to heart failure Obesity Progressive kidney failure Slowed growth Symptoms of childhood-onset or type 2 diabetesOccasiona
r you to have this disease. It is unknown how the defective gene causes the disorder. The condition is extremely rare. It is more
nk that your child cannot see or hear normally.

ts, heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Symptoms include:Abnormal heart rhythm (arrythmia) Enlarged tongue Fatigue Numbness
cells.Primary amyloidosis can lead to conditions that include:Carpal tunnel syndrome Heart muscle damage (cardiomyopathy)

ent swelling of the ankles or other areas, decreased urine output, or other symptoms that may indicate complications have dev
(systemic) involvement can lead to death in 1 to 3 years.
Aneurysms within the body or brain often cause no symptoms.If an aneurysm ruptures, pain, low blood pressure, a rapid heart
ible. Common locations for aneurysms include:The major artery from the heart (the aorta) The brain (cerebral aneurysm) In th

na as following,Chest pain: It always focus on precordial region or behind sternum. Not all chest pain is related to coronary arte
and cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Some you can change and some you can not change.Risk factors you can changeCigar
o seek urgent medical care:Persistent and severe chest pain Sudden drop in blood pressure Shortness of breath Angina or ches
na as following,Chest pain: It always focus on precordial region or behind sternum. Not all chest pain is related to coronary arte
and cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Some you can change and some you can not change.Risk factors you can changeCigar
o seek urgent medical care:Persistent and severe chest pain Sudden drop in blood pressure Shortness of breath Angina or ches

when a person receives one abnormal copy of a gene from a parent with the disease.The abnormal gene leads to low levels of

ow signs and symptoms earlier in life, while mild cases may not be diagnosed until adulthood. Usual symptoms includePale skin
through the artery. Aortic coarctation is more common in persons with certain genetic disorders, such as Turner syndrome. Ho
portant role during pregnancy. These include:Genetic disorders such as Turner syndrome Viral infections during pregnancy
riences either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Sudden shortness of breath Severe c

ripping Be felt below the chest bone, then move under the shoulder blades or to the back Move to the shoulder, neck, arm, ja
rough the chest and abdomen (the descending aorta). Aortic dissection most often happens because of a tear or damage to th
an accident High blood pressureOther risk factors and conditions associated with the development of aortic dissection include

d aorta survive.Those who survive will need lifelong, aggressive treatment of high blood pressure. They will need to be followe
na type (rare) Under the chest bone; pain may move to other areas of the body, most often the left side of the chest Crushing,
beats.The condition causes widening (dilation) of the left lower chamber of the heart. Larger amounts of blood leave the heart

ecially chest pain, difficulty breathing, or edema (swelling).

Without treatment, patients with angina or congestive heart failure do poorly.
mur and then performed additional tests.Breathlessness with activity. Chest pain, which resembles what is known as angina -ty
ith the amount of calcium in the diet. Approximately 2% of all people have a bicuspid aortic valve, which increases the risk of th
he age of 50, who are overweight, who smoke, and who have diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. These are th
hest pain or fainting.Also contact your doctor if you have been diagnosed with this condition and your symptoms get worse or
onditions associated with aortic stenosis, such as high blood pressure, and may have a normal life expectancy.Those with more
me diseased with age (acquired aortic valve disease).The most common congenital abnormality is a bicuspid aortic valve. As sh
g out).A narrow valve makes the heart work harder just to pump the blood through the valve to the body. A leaky valve lets blo
ogist. Your medical team will likely base their recommendations on your symptoms and on the results of several tests including
regarding the type of artificial valve (prosthesis) used should be considered. In broad terms there are two types of artificial valv
r related to technical factors (how they are sewn into place), however from the patient's point of view there is little if any diffe
the aorta and the rest of the body). When the aortic valve is too narrow or stenotic, the ventricle has to work harder to pump t
al conditions, and heart function.
g like Coumadin may be prescribed for 6 weeks to 3 months after surgery for those with biological valves, and for life for those
aortic valve surgery. Techniques include laparoscopy or endoscopy, robot-assisted surgery, and percutaneous surgery.Your surg
rt symptoms, such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fainting spells (syncope), or heart failure. Tests show that change

chest, or heart valves. Reactions to medicines.Minimally invasive surgery techniques have far fewer risks than open surgery. Po
on.You may be able to store blood in the blood bank for transfusions during and after your surgery. Ask your surgeon about ho
constantly.Usually within 24 hours, you will be moved to a regular room or a transitional care unit in the hospital. You will slow
e middle of your chest. Next, your surgeon will separate your breastbone to be able to see your heart and aorta (the main bloo
ausing major heart symptoms, such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fainting spells (syncope), or heart failure. Tests s

, chest, or heart valves Reactions to medicinesPossible risks from having open heart surgery are:Heart attack or stroke Heart rh
onYou may be able to store blood in the blood bank for transfusions during and after your surgery. Ask your surgeon how you a
n your chest to drain fluid from around your heart. These are usually removed 1 to 3 days after surgery.You may have a cathete
, blood flow to the heart can slow down or stop. This can cause chest pain (stable angina), shortness of breath, and other symp
nges make it harder for blood to flow through them.Clots may form in these narrowed arteries and block blood flow. Pieces of p
alcohol use, lack of exercise, and being overweight.Other risk factors for hardening of the arteries are:Diabetes Family history o
ess from becoming worse.
els rapid, racing, pounding, fluttering, or too slow Irregularly irregular pulse Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) Sh
ntricles) contract in a very specific, coordinated way. The electrial impulse that signals your heart to contract in a synchronized

ever, it may relapse even with treatment.

dicine you were on before, unless your doctor has told you otherwise. Be sure your doctor knows about everything you are tak
n, contact your doctor. Please be sure you are not taking more than one product containing acetaminophen, and don’t take mo
g heavier than 10 pounds or do any exercise that causes you to hold your breath and bear down with your abdominal muscles.

ose color. Lightheaded. Fast heartbeat, irregular heartbeat, or your heart is pounding uncomfortably. Numbness or weakness i
art on its own.Symptoms may include:Pulse that feels rapid, racing, pounding, fluttering, irregular, or too slow Sensation of fee
a called the sinoatrial node (also called the sinus node or SA node). This helps the heart pump all the blood the body needs. In a
Elderly age Chronic alcoholism Caffeine addiction Chronic use of diet pills and cold medications History of chronic pulmonary d

me back even with treatment. Clots that break off and travel to the brain can cause a stroke.
lying flat (platypnea) Breathing difficulty when asleep Chest pain or tightness Dizziness Fainting Sensation of feeling your heart
nates elsewhere is called a metastatic tumor to the heart.Primary cardiac tumors are rare. Myxomas are the most common typ
tend to occur in more than one part of the heart at a time, and often cause symptoms at a younger age than other myxomas.
 loodstream), which can block blood flow or cause the myxoma to grow in another part of the body. Myxoma fragments can mo
nd even into adulthood. Symptoms may include:Difficulty breathing Heart palpitations in adults Frequent respiratory infections
come more developed, the heart no longer needs to bypass the blood and the opening between atria will close. An atrial septa
es are born with an atrial septal defect. As with most congenital heart diseases, it is unclear exactly why certain babies are born
in Failure to thriveCall your health care provider if you are an adult experiencing the following symptoms:Heart failure Shortne

nced and severe cases with large shunts the increased pressure on the right side of the heart would result in reversal of blood fl
olves a malformation of the upper two chambers of the heart only. A complete atrioventricular canal defect is a malformation t
me as many Down syndrome patients have heart defects at birth.
that certain factors may increase the risk for a congenital heart defect. Risk factors include:A family history of Down syndrome/
ue/easy tiring Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet A blue discoloration to the skin Failure to thrive/gain weight
uires yearly follow-ups to track progress and monitor potential complications, such as a leaky heart valve.Children will also hav
onfusion/speech difficulties Pain Strange eye movements (nystagmus) Tingling VomitingSymptoms of wet beriberi include:Awak
m.Beriberi is rare in the United States because most foods are now vitamin enriched. If you eat a normal, healthy diet, you shou
ptoms of beriberi, call your health care provider.
wever, if acute heart failure has already occurred, the outlook is poor.Nervous system damage is also reversible, if caught early.
e narrow.Symptoms of such complications may include:Baby or child tires easily Chest pain Difficulty breathing Rapid and irregu
umping chamber relaxes.Bicuspid aortic valve is present at birth (congenital). An abnormal aortic valve develops during the ear

ems at birth also can affect how well a baby does.Most babies with this condition have no symptoms, and the problem is not di
d age. The mean age of sudden death is approximately 40 years. This condition may explain some cases of sudden infant death
drome. This gene provides instructions for making a sodium channel, which normally transports positively charged sodium atom
cases, an affected person has one parent with the condition. Other cases may result from new mutations in the gene. These ca
here are symptoms such as syncope, seizures, or shortness of breath.
death in patients with Brugada syndrome is 40 years old. The Brugada patient may develop atrial arrhythmia.
hands Fingers and toes that turn pale when exposed to cold (Raynaud's phenomenon) Skin ulcersDiseases with similar sympto
affected. They tighten or become totally blocked. The average age when symptoms begin is around 35 years. Woman and olde
ndia, Korea, and Japan, and Israeli Jews of Ashkenazi descent. Gender: Buerger disease is as 3 times as common in males than in

clude:Skipped heart beats or extra heart beats also known as Palpitations Shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing while lying
place normal tissue, leading to failure of the involved organ. There are many forms of amyloidosis that may involve specific orga
gan dysfunction. Amyloidosis often occurs in patients with the following diseases or characteristics:Multiple myeloma: Cardiac
as possible:Skipped heart beats or extra heart beats also known as palpitations Severe shortness of breath, or difficulty breathin

present all of the time or it may come and go. You may or may not feel symptoms when the arrhythmia is present. Or, you may
es sure it contracts (squeezes) in an orderly way.The electrical impulse that signals your heart to contract begins in the sinoatri
ertain supplements Obesity Diabetes Obstructive sleep apnea Drinking too much alcohol Caffeine and nicotine use Electrolyte i
worsen or do not improve with treatment
o treatment Whether you have coronary artery disease, heart failure, or valvular heart disease

han one product containing acetaminophen, and do not take more Tylenol than what is recommended on the label.
he procedure. Also avoid any exercise that causes you to hold your breath and bear down with your abdominal muscles. Begin
Band-aid over your puncture site.

nserted changes color, is cool to the touch, or is numb. The small incision for your catheter becomes red or painful, or yellow or
lthy eating plan when choosing a main dish. Pick lean meat, fish or skinless chicken. Make sure your entrée is broiled, baked, gr
much you use. Stay away from fried appetizers and creamy soups. Begin your meal with broth-based soup like minestrone or ga
d by sitting upright or leaning forward Fainting, light-headedness Pale, gray, or blue skin Palpitations Rapid breathing Swelling o
w of the causes for fluid in pericardium leading to cardiac tamponade.Chest trauma Rupture of aortic aneurysm (thoracic) End-s
mediate attention.
lying flat (platypnea) Breathing difficulty when asleep Chest pain or tightness Dizziness Fainting Sensation of feeling your heart
nates elsewhere is called a metastatic tumor to the heart.Primary cardiac tumors are rare. Myxomas are the most common typ
tend to occur in more than one part of the heart at a time, and often cause symptoms at a younger age than other myxomas.

loodstream), which can block blood flow or cause the myxoma to grow in another part of the body. Myxoma fragments can mo
trate Restlessness, agitation, confusion Shortness of breath Skin that feels cool to the touch Pale skin color or blotchy skin Wea
Many of these occur during or after a heart attack (myocardial infarction). These complications include:A large section of heart m

not treated, the outlook is poor.

n some people.
gh blood pressure etc. It can also occur in some storage diseases like Fabry disease, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis etc. It can also occ
ory of cardiomyopathy Coronary artery disease Congenital heart disease

s which can be exertional or at rest. Swelling of lower limbs. Fatigue and fainting. Irregular heart beat.
omyopathy run in families. In many people, however, the cause is unknown
ore common in african americans than caucasians. This type of the disease also is more common in men than women.Teens an

ump blood through the bodySome people who have cardiomyopathy—especially those who have hypertrophic cardiomyopath
e part of your body Blurred vision Confusion Loss of memory Problems with speech and language Loss of sensation
carotid artery or cause a clot (thrombus) to form. Clots can lead to stroke.
pecially when dialysis is needed Cocaine abuse Family history of stroke Increasing ageSmoking is also a risk factor. Smoking inc
ult in more brain injury.
or from complications. About half of those who have a stroke have long-term problems.
t-headedness or dizziness Palpitations or unpleasant awareness of the heartbeatSometimes the ventricular tachycardia goes aw
through families and inherited in different ways (from either one or both parents). In some cases, CPVT is autosomal dominant
u and all other family members should see a healthcare provider to get checked. You may need a genetic test.
gns of ventricular tachycardia.

eason.A cerebral aneurysm may begin to "leak" a small amount of blood. This may cause a severe headache that a patient may
op later in life, such as after a blood vessel is injured.There are many different types of aneurysms. A berry aneurysm can vary i
ude a family history of cerebral aneurysms, and certain medical problems such as polycystic kidney disease, coarctation of the a
ting, seizures, or any other neurological symptoms.Also call if you have a headache that is unusual for you, especially if it is sev
bral aneurysms are often deadly. About 25% of people die within 1 day, and another 25% die within about 3 months. Of those w
ng (malaise) Swelling of one eye Swollen red area at site of insect biteAfter the acute phase the disease goes into remission. No
one of the major health problems in South America. Due to immigration, the disease also affects people in the United States.
ion from a person who carries the parasite but does not have active Chagas disease

iginal infection to develop heart or digestive problems. Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia) may cau
ses are serious, even life-threatening. Any organ or tissue in your chest can be the source of pain, including your heart, lungs, e
u have nausea, dizziness, sweating, a racing heart, or shortness of breath. You know you have angina and your chest discomfort
e of the following:Chest discomfort:A common precipitating factor is exertion. Other precipitating factors include emotional str

alls of the coronary arteries (the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to your heart). This build up limits the blood supply to th
able angina that you can control include:Smoking High blood pressure High blood cholesterol Overweight and obesity Physical
h Shortness of breath Nausea, vomiting Lightheadedness or fainting Breaking out in a cold sweatIf the symptoms mentioned ab

go during moderately rigorous activity Weakness Aching or burning sensations Some men may experience impotenceFor more
 d by atherosclerosis.Atheroschlerosis occurs when arteries become blocked by atherosclerotic plaque, which is usually made u
over 30 (obesity) Total blood cholesterol over 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L) Diabetes Age over 70 years Age over 50 years if you hav
if they are not treated.
condition from worsening.
d other martial arts where there is a likelihood of sustaining blow to the chest.
tion is mandated by any person who is trained in CPR and AED (automated external defibrillator).

rt block include: Fainting Dizziness or light-headedness Fatigue (tiredness) Shortness of breath Chest pain
amage the baby's heart and lead to congenital heart block.These defects are problems with the heart's structure that are prese
called antibodies that attack and damage the body's tissues or cells.
oom. For milder symptoms, talk with your doctor right away to find out whether the patient need prompt treatment.

tion of the aorta may not cause problems for many years. Also, a small ventricular septal defect (VSD), may never cause any pro
s of congenital heart diseases are:Cyanotic:Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of the great vessels Tricuspid atresia Total anomalo
during pregnancy Use recreational drugs Use certain prescriptions and over-the-counter medications dangerous to fetal develo

elling of the feet and legs Claudication or pain with walking Confusion and altered mentation Cool extremities or cold and clam
eart. These are called right-sided heart failure or left-sided heart failure. More often, both sides of the heart are involved.Hear
r older A man aged 45 or older Obesity or overweight Smoking High cholesterol High blood pressure Heavy drinking Diabetes La
d symptoms. Call your health care provider if symptoms of heart failure develops. If you experience either of the following sym
ms: It is well established that patients who have more severe symptoms of heart failure do not survive as long as those who hav
d ankles due to exertion Swollen abdomen Weakness
adiation therapy to the chest area (post-radiation therapy, specifically after Hodgkin disease or breast cancer) Tuberculosis (po

wheezing, coughing).
lungs under much lower pressure.Any condition that leads to prolonged high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs (called

often leads to greater stamina and a longer life. In some cases, a lung transplant or heart-lung transplant can extend survival.
opening is severely restrictive and produces symptoms similar to those of severe mitral stenosis. Usual symptoms are the follow
e during the pregnancy.Viral infection Poor nutrition Genetic disorder
as possible:Dyspnea Hemoptysis Palpitation
r triatriatum sinistrum associated with complex congenital cardiac defects, are very poor. On the contrary, adults with isolated

ddition to Aspirin to decrease the risk of a blood clot forming in the heart artery.You will be given a list of all medicines you sho
han one product containing acetaminophen, and do not take more Tylenol than what is recommended on the label.
he procedure. Also avoid any exercise that causes you to hold your breath and bear down with your abdominal muscles. Begin
Band-Aid over your puncture site.

arm below where the catheter was inserted changes color, becomes cool to touch, or is numb. The small incision for your cath
be used to treat people who have heart damage following a heart attack but still have blocked arteries. Your doctor may recom
graphy, a chest x ray, cardiac catheterization, and coronary angiography. Your doctor will give you specific instructions about ho
ist (heart-lung bypass machine specialist), other surgeons, and nurses. There are several types of CABG. They range from traditi
ever.Pain.Stroke, heart attack, or even death.Some patients develop a fever associated with chest pain, irritability, and decreas
ng this time. An intravenous line (IV) will likely be inserted into a vein in your arm. Through the IV line, you may get medicines to
n symptom. You feel this pain when the heart is not getting enough blood or oxygen. How bad the pain is varies from person to
n the walls of your arteries. This causes them to get narrow. As the coronary arteries narrow, blood flow to the heart can slow
enopause), their risk increases to almost equal that of a man's risk.Bad genes (heredity) can increase your risk. You are more lik
G) Exercise stress test Echocardiogram Magnetic resonance angiography Nuclear scan Electron-beam computed tomography (E
an obstruction, it can not prevent plaque progression or rupture in other involved segments of the artery. On the contrary, CAB
e health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with

e throbbing.
evels and are being treatedScreening for adults:The first screening test is performed between ages 20 - 35 in men, and ages 20
igh blood pressure.The desired values in adults are:LDL: 70 - 130 mg/dL (lower numbers are desired) HDL: greater than 40 - 60
y to the legs Stroke
re difficult than from others.Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:Excessive bleeding Fain

ddition to Aspirin to decrease the risk of a blood clot forming in the heart artery.You will be given a list of all medicines you sho
han one product containing acetaminophen, and do not take more Tylenol than what is recommended on the label.
he procedure. Also avoid any exercise that causes you to hold your breath and bear down with your abdominal muscles. Begin
Band-Aid over your puncture site.

arm below where the catheter was inserted changes color, becomes cool to touch, or is numb. The small incision for your cath
.The main symptom is a type of chest pain called angina, which can be felt under the chest bone and is described as:Constrictin
h plaque buildup.A contraction (squeezing) of muscles in the artery wall causes these spasms in the arteries. The contraction oc
ost commonly in people who smoke or who have high cholesterol or high blood pressure.In many people, coronary vasospasm
erin. The pain may be due to a heart attack. Rest and nitroglycerin do not completely relieve the pain of a heart attack.A heart
(edema) of one leg
breaks off and moves through the bloodstream, this is called an embolism. An embolism can get stuck in the brain, lungs, hear
when one or more of the risk factors listed below are also present. Risk factors include:After a pacemaker catheter has been pa
ou develop chest pain, difficulty breathing, coughing blood, fainting, loss of consciousness, or other severe symptoms.
. Wearing tight (compression) stockings during and after the DVT may help prevent this problem.Blood clots in the thigh are m
he fever starts. A second rash, which looks like the measles, appears later in the disease. Infected people may have increased s
s found in tropic and subtropic regions. This includes parts of:Indonesian archipelago into northeastern Australia South and Cen
theastern Australia South and Central America Southeast Asia Sub-Saharan AfricaThe presence of water-holding containers in a

r. Some people develop a more severe form of the disease which requires hospitalization.
y breathing Failure to grow and gain weight Fatigue Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) Pale skin (pallor) Repeated sinus or lung inf
ight side of the chest instead of the left side. There are several types of dextrocardia. Most involve other defects of the heart a
f genetic problems and other congenital heart disease may be at an increased risk for carrying and expressing the trait. Genetic
ith other defects in the heart and elsewhere in the body, how well the baby does depends on the severity of the problems. The
e. The pain may spread to the neck, jaw, arms, or back

mon symptoms are:Chest pain or pressure (more likely when you exercise) Cough Fatigue, weakness, faintness Irregular or rapi
hy. These problems lead to a weakened and enlarged heart muscle.There are many other causes of dilated cardiomyopathy, in

and surgery no longer help. Many people are at risk for deadly heart rhythms, and may need medicines or a defibrillator.

C, these proteins become abnormally active. This often occurs due to inflammation, infection, or cancer.Small blood clots form
egnancy complications (such as placenta that is left behind after delivery) Recent surgery or anesthesia Sepsis (a serious infectio

d may go away when you stand or sit up Pain moves to the neck, shoulder, back, or abdomen Difficulty breathing Dry cough Fas
es to clean up the diseased heart tissue, swelling and inflammation occur. The second type of pericarditis is also called Dressle
of your heart muscle.
 r come back, despite treatment

cause breathlessness if your heart is unable to pump enough blood to supply oxygen to your body. If your brain, muscles, or ot
ere. In severe cases, the baby appears very sick and has trouble breathing. However in older children symptoms are mild, and in
tein's anomaly occurs as a baby develops in the womb. This condition is rare but it is more common among Caucasians. The tric
zepines) during pregnancy may play a role. Even though this condition is very rare, it is more common among Caucasians.

eath Stroke Swelling in the joints caused by too much uric acid (gout)
he left and right ventricles -- of the heart (ventricular septal defect). The hole allows blood that has already picked up oxygen fr
th a history of genetic problems and other congenital heart disease may be at an increased risk for carrying and expressing the
atients with this condition can live 20 to 50 years.

S,QT/QTc), and the heart axis (P-top axis, QRS axis and T-top axis) further to the right is the interpretation of the ECG written (th
tivation or excitation. Cardiac muscles are electrically charged at rest. The inside of the cell is negatively charged relative to the

han one product containing acetaminophen, and do not take more Tylenol than what is recommended on the label.
he procedure. Also avoid any exercise that causes you to hold your breath and bear down with your abdominal muscles. Begin

iccups that do not go away. You were unconscious for a moment.

ms appear.Other symptoms may include:Abnormal urine color Blood in the urine Chills Excessive sweating Fatigue Joint pain Mu
ing dental procedures, and travel to the heart, where it can settle on damaged heart valves. The bacteria can grow and may for
nd others) Heart valve problems (such as mitral insufficiency) History of rheumatic heart disease Intravenous drug users are als
ness Numbness or weakness of muscles Fever

/www.pharmacychecker.com/Pricing.asp?DrugName=Warfarin&DrugId=19462&DrugStrengthId=31721)There is a cost associa

save one life.

p://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/births_deaths_marriages_divorces/life_expectancy.html).Patients who have atria

s is well within the acceptable limits for cost per year of life saved in the United States and similar to the cost per year of life sav
me cost of all cause stroke is estimated by the CDC to be $100,000. The rate of stroke per year was 1.57% for Warfarin and 1.01
patients with dabigatran to prevent one stroke. This would incur an incremental cost of 179 x $1,123, or $200,535. On the othe
ial fibrillation may live longer than the 6.75 years assumed here. A longer survival time would reduce the cost per year of life sa
m/time/health/article/0,8599,1888006,00.html#ixzz13Z0tUMuG):“ Our Department of Transport, for instance, has a cost-per-
sants Persistent pain Sleep disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, or narcolepsy Thyroid gland that is underactiv
:You have unexplained weakness or fatigue, especially if you also have a fever or unintentional weight loss You have constipatio
Ringing in the ears Weakness or numbness in the face Neck pain Changes in vision
of fibromuscular dysplasia. But, if another family member has fibromuscular dysplasia, you or a relative may never get fibromu
g appear to have an increased risk of developing fibromuscular dysplasia. For those already diagnosed with the disease, smokin

mptoms. They may be completely unaware that they have caught the disease, and therefore do not seek treatment. This increa
the mouth, vagina, penis, or anus. The bacteria grow in warm, moist areas of the body, including the tube that carries urine ou
use a condom during sex Are a man who has sexual contact with another man Have a drug addiction
Ds without charge.
serious infection but almost always gets better with treatment.
review related EKG and angiographic characteristics of the different culprit lesions in detail.Ami0001.jpg Answer example 1 Am

e patients have experienced longer than expected recovery times, but the virus has not been shown to leave lasting effects on
ng, or pain. The most common symptom of heart attack is chest pain or discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the
on the inside walls of the coronary arteries (the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to your heart). Eventually, an area of plaq
ntrolled, while others can't.Major risk factors for heart attack that you can control include:Smoking High blood pressure High b
ch, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness or fainting, or breaking out in a cold sweat.
g killer of both men and women in the United States.Many more people could recover from heart attacks if they got help faste
lude:Chest pain Dizziness Fainting Fatigue Heart failure symptoms Light-headedness Pre-syncope Shortness of breath SyncopeT
se, medication or surgery.One form of congenital heart block occurs in babies whose mothers have autoimmune diseases, such
rt block.Autoimmune diseases can cause the body to make proteins called antibodies that can cross the placenta. (The placent
. If you have milder symptoms, talk with your doctor right away to find out whether you need prompt treatment.
your doctor about keeping your heart healthy. Your doctor will tell you whether you need ongoing care for your condition. Peo
symptoms indicate heart problem: fingertips and lips appear blue Swelling or sudden weight gain Shortness of breath Chronic c
e cause congenital heart disease. In adults, it is due to acquired heart valve problems.Physical activity or exercise Pregnancy Fev
baby's risk of developing a heart murmur include: Illnesses during pregnancy. such as uncontrolled diabetes or a rubella infectio
you feel: Chest pain,Breathlessness, fatigue, or fainting for no reason, heart palpitations.
s severity. In general, even when heart surgery is required, the prognosis is good.
other treatments, and surgery no longer help Severe heart defects that were present at birth and cannot be fixed with surgery
ejection medications Development of cancer from the drugs used to prevent rejection Heart attack or stroke Heart rhythm pro
e first few days after a transplant, you will need close follow-up to make sure that you do not get an infection and your heart is

mangioma) Deeper in the skin (cavernous hemangioma) A mixture of both

e with the development of normal vision and must be treated in the first few months of life. Hemangiomas that interfere with

dinavia, western Europe, and western Russia. Dobrava virus is found primarily in the Balkans, and Seoul virus is found worldwid
oppings, or saliva of infected rodents or after exposure to dust from their nests. Transmission may also occur when infected uri
nd Hantaan virus; the brown or Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), the reservoir for Seoul virus; the bank vole (Clethrionomys glare
ymptoms begin suddenly and include intense headaches, back and abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, and blurred vision. Ind
have HFRS if they have serologic test results positive for hantavirus infection, evidence of hantavirus antigen in tissue by immu
trolyte (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride) levels, maintenance of correct oxygen and blood pressure levels, and appropriate tre
ntaan virus, and it is less than 1% for disease caused by Puumala virus.
ould be excluded from homes. Individuals should avoid contact with rodent urine, droppings, saliva, and nesting materials, and

ction) Lung or pleural cancer Placement of a central venous catheter Thoracic or heart surgery Tuberculosis
11) if you have:Dizziness, fever, or a feeling of heaviness in your chest Severe chest pain Severe difficulty breathing

d) form:Mild to no mental deficiencyBoth forms:Carpal tunnel syndrome Coarse features of the face Deafness (gets worse over
yme, mucopolysaccharides build up in various body tissues, causing damage.The early-onset, severe form of the disease begins

come more noticeable during the first 2 years of life.Symptoms include:Abnormal bones in the spine Claw hand Cloudy cornea
of sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans (formerly called mucopolysaccharides). These molecules are found throughout th
er syndrome

ere are many types of cholesterol. The ones talked about most are:Total cholesterol: all the cholesterols combined High density
ere.Because there are no symptoms, people can develop heart disease and kidney problems without knowing they have high b
though there is no direct cause or mechanism identified some factors are considered to cause Essential Hypertension.Sedentar
alcohol intake Family history where parents are hypertensive High cholesterol diet Certain personality traits like in general peo
ressure ranges from 120-139/80-89 according to the 2007 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)guidelines. In t
ating a heart healthy diet, avoiding the different risk factors like high cholesterol salty diet, smoking alcohol intake,stress.Besid
d pressure left untreated or uncontrolled can accelerate the kidney damage, which leads to failure of the kidneys to work corre

ressure. Diabetes Smoking Obesity African Americans

 t increase your risk for hypertensive nephropathy, your doctor might do a regular check of your Blood pressure and kidney fun
isks and consequences. The outcome is different for each person.
nting, especially during exercise Heart failure (in some patients) High blood pressure (hypertension) Light-headedness, especial
gh families (inherited). It is believed to be a result of several problems (defects) with the genes that control heart muscle growt
al changes in athletes' hearts can confuse the diagnosis.The first symptom of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy among many young
ess, or other new or unexplained symptoms
may develop into a dilated cardiomyopathy in some patients.People with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are at higher risk for su
al heart rhythms (dysrhythmias), especially in people with heart disease Constipation Fatigue Muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis)
n the urine to keep a proper balance of the mineral in the body.Hypokalemia is a metabolic disorder that occurs when the level

s heart rhythm problems that can be fatal.

o develop symptoms. These symptoms may include:Bluish (cyanosis) or poor skin color Cold hands and feet (extremities) Letha
known cause. Approximately 10% of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome also have other birth defects.The problem d

reathing patterns
ment improve. Survival after the first stage is more than 75%.The size and function of the right ventricle are important in determ

y (mm Hg) to 130/80 mm Hg. But a significant drop, even as little as 20 mm Hg, can cause problems for some people.There are
uses a person to pass out (become unconscious), seek immediate medical treatment or call the local emergency number (such

han one product containing acetaminophen, and do not take more Tylenol than what is recommended on the label.
ecific device. Most appliances in your home are safe to be around. This includes your refrigerator, washer, dryer, toaster, blend
You may do the daily activities like face washing, hair combing, and tooth brushing. You should avoid swimming, playing golf or

nged. Also call your doctor if:Your wound looks infected. Signs of infection are redness, increased drainage, swelling, and pain.
te Weakness or fatigue Poor feedingOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A p
y an important role during the pregnancy.
experiences either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Sudden shortness of breath Cya

y to the proximal vessel from guide catheter manipulation? Is the stent well expanded throughout its length, or are there residu
eason.A cerebral aneurysm may begin to "leak" a small amount of blood. This may cause a severe headache that a patient may
op later in life, such as after a blood vessel is injured.There are many different types of aneurysms. A berry aneurysm can vary i

ting, seizures, or any other neurological symptoms.Also call if you have a headache that is unusual for you, especially if it is sev
bral aneurysms are often deadly. About 25% of people die within 1 day, and another 25% die within about 3 months. Of those

Irritable bowel syndrome Low blood pressure Past aortic surgery in which damage occurred to the artery that supplies the colo

se there is not enough blood supply.

d a classic sign. The fever may last for up to 2 weeks and does not usually go away with normal doses of acetaminophen (Tylen
ranes, lymph nodes, walls of the blood vessels, and the heart.Kawasaki disease can cause inflammation of blood vessels in the
e is the leading cause of heart disease in children. Most of these patients are younger than age 5. The disease occurs more ofte
d lasts more than 24 hours should be evaluated by a health care provider.
tion. Patients who have had Kawasaki disease should have an echocardiogram every 1 - 2 years to screen for heart problems.
ease and severe hyperlipidemia may be present. Patient may have symptoms consistent with its complications.
any types of cholesterol. The ones talked about most are:Total cholesterol - all the cholesterols combined High density lipoprot
f arteries and form hard structures called plaques. Over time, these plaques can block the arteries and cause heart disease, stro
k bite): The first symptom is usually a red rash at the site of tick bite, which may look like a bullseye, but not all people with Lym
frequent exposure to dogs and who reside near wooded areas or areas with high grass may also be at increased risk of tick-bo
er removal of a tick with the proper procedure.

of antibiotic treatment Coinfection with other tick-borne diseases including Ehrlichiosis and Babesiosis Immune suppression in
gyChest pain (feeling of crushing or pressure) Cough Headache Nausea or vomiting Numbness of the arms, legs, face, or other a
American men.It also occurs in people with:Collagen vascular disorders Kidney problems Toxemia of pregnancyYou are at high r
n and it can be life-threatening.Call your health care provider if you know you have poorly controlled high blood pressure.
e damaged.The blood vessels of the kidney are very likely to be damaged by pressure. Kidney failure may develop, which may

ery. Less than 5 percent of patients develop mediastinitis after having chest surgery.Patients may have a tear in their esophagu

have tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, or sarcoidosis and develop any of these symptoms, contact your health care provider right aw
the condition.

t all of the risks for the syndrome are related to obesity.The two most important risk factors for metabolic syndrome are:Extra

at increases when lying flat (orthopnea), and sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations). These symptoms may start sudd
Mitral regurgitation becomes chronic when the condition persists rather than occurring for only a short time period. Chronic mi
er are at risk for mitral regurgitation.
e provider if you are being treated for this condition and develop signs of infection, which include:Chills Fever General ill feelin
rarely be controlled with medications. Surgery is usually needed to repair or replace the mitral valve.Abnormal heart rhythms a
ude: Chest discomfort: Patients may feel tight, crushing, pressure, squeezing, constricting, increasing with activity and decreasi
valve problems develop 5 - 10 years after the rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is becoming rare in the United States, so mitra
w symptoms appear. If you experience either of the following symptoms, you should seek urgent medical care as soon as possi
ral stenosis, such as mitral valve area. Heart function With/without complications such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, blood
apse syndrome and includes:Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) Chest pain (not caused by coronary artery disease
.Mitral valve prolapse is the term used when the valve does not close properly. It can be caused by many different things. In m
nimally invasive mitral valve surgery.Your heart surgeon may make a 2-inch to 3-inch-long cut in the right part of your chest ne
ows blood to leak back into the left atria. You have mitral stenosis -- a mitral valve that does not open fully and restricts blood fl

chest, or heart valves. Reactions to medicines.Minimally invasive surgery techniques have far fewer risks than open surgery. Po
on.You may be able to store blood in the blood bank for transfusions during and after your surgery. Ask your surgeon about ho
atch monitors that show information about your vital signs (pulse, temperature, and breathing).Two to three tubes will be in yo
-long cut in the middle of your chest. Next, your surgeon will separate your breastbone to be able to see your heart. Most peop
This is called mitral regurgitation. A mitral valve that does not open fully will restrict blood flow. This is called mitral stenosis. A

chest, or heart valves. Reactions to medicines.Possible risks from having open-heart surgery are:Heart attack or stroke. Heart r
be able to store blood in the blood bank for transfusions during and after your surgery. Ask your surgeon how you and your fam
will be in your chest to drain fluid from around your heart. They are usually removed 1 to 3 days after surgery.You may have a fl
t attack Fatigue Fever and other signs of a flu -like infection including headache, muscle aches, sore throat, diarrhea, or a rash J
ovirus, Hepatitis C, Herpes, HIV, Parvovirus Bacterial infections: Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Streptococcus, Treponema Fungal inf
ms or have been diagnosed with myocarditis and have increased:Chest pain Difficulty breathing Swelling of your extremities
manent heart failure.
on the inner part of the eye (epicanthal folds) Drooping eyelids (ptosis) Short stature Sinking in or protruding out of the breast
malities and types of symptoms present. Talk to your doctor to get a more specific prognosis for your child's condition.
body can use Drinking too much alcohol Not getting enough exerciseMany obese people who lose large amounts of weight an
infection or any other medical condition leading to shock. Use of certain medications such as anticholinergics, methotrexate, a

fluids by mouth. A decrease in urine output associated with dizziness, lightheadedness, or rapid pulse.

ravates other conditions that lead to it) Panic disorder Sleep apnea Snoring

han one product containing acetaminophen, and do not take more Tylenol than what is recommended on the label.
ific device that you need to avoid. Do not put a magnet near your pacemaker. Most appliances in your home are safe to be aro
You may do the daily activities like face washing, hair combing, tooth brushing. You should avoid swimming, playing golf or play

s implanted. You feel dizzy or short of breath. You have chest pain. You have hiccups that do not go away. You were unconsciou
ts per minute.If your heart rate is fast (over 100 beats per minute), this is called tachycardia. A slow heart rate is called bradyca
d pressure, or heart problems Cocaine Diet pills Exercise Fever Hyperventilation Low levels of oxygen in your blood Heart valve
lightheadedness.Call your doctor right away if:You feel frequent extra heartbeats (more than 6 per minute or coming in group
ng Fatigue Poor growthOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with a
play an important role during the pregnancy.Genetic disorders such as Down syndrome Pregnant woman had German measles
y experiences either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Shortnesss of breath Hemopty
icines. Whether surgery has been done. Whether the patient with complications or not, such as heart failure, problems with lu

opening is supposed to close soon after birth, but sometimes it does not. In about 1 out of 4 people, the opening never closes. I

annot properly pump blood back to the heart Injury or surgery involving the leg, ankle, or foot can cause swelling. Swelling may
kidney disease and the swelling gets worse. You have a history of liver disease and now have swelling in your legs or abdomen.
f coronary heart disease (CHD).Percutaneous coronary intervention is one of a number of treatments for CHD. Other treatmen
event a blood clot from forming.You will lie on a padded table. Your doctor will insert a flexible tube (catheter) through a surgic
his condition is called atherosclerosis.Percutaneous coronary intervention may be used to treat:Blockage in a coronary artery d

ul your doctor is or how well he or she does the procedure.Serious complications include:Bleeding from the blood vessel where
rcutaneous coronary intervention isn't done as an emergency treatment, you'll meet with your cardiologist before the procedu
s to allow the blood vessel in your arm or groin (upper thigh) to seal completely.While you recover, nurses will check your hear
r abdomen. Often increases with deep breathing and lying flat, and may increase with coughing and swallowing. Patients may o
h as the echovirus or coxsackie virus (which are common in children), as well as influenza Infections with bacteria (much less co

pitations and high grade fever may be signs of a build up of fluids within the pericardium, which is referred to as a cardiac tamp
t and poor heart function.The outcome is good if the disorder is treated right away. Most people recover in 2 weeks to 3 mont

rming in the artery.You will be given a list of all medicines you should take once you are at home. Ask your doctor whether you
han one product containing acetaminophen, and do not take more Tylenol than what is recommended on the label.
he procedure. Also avoid any exercise that causes you to hold your breath and bear down with your abdominal muscles.
Band-Aid over your puncture site.

ur leg below where the catheter was inserted changes color or becomes cool to the touch, pale, or numb. The small incision fro
alking or exercise and go away after several minutes of rest.At first, these symptoms may appear only when you walk uphill, wa
 f your arteries. This causes the arteries to become narrower. The walls of the arteries also become stiffer and cannot widen (di
dney disease involving hemodialysis Smoking Stroke (cerebrovascular disease)
pain that does not go away, even when you are not walking or moving (called rest pain) Legs that are red, hot, or swollen New
cted leg or foot may need to be amputated.
e left superior vena cava flows to flows to left atria, symptoms may include anoxemia, such as fatigue, weakness, dizziness and

care as soon as possible:Shortness of breath

the ventricles, atrium and great vessles. Echocardiogram can tell whether left superior vena cava flows to right areia or not. Fu
va that flows to left atria is worse than that if it flows to the right atria.
he finger tips (clubbing)
Coronary arteries (which supply blood to the heart muscle) come out of the aorta just above the valve at the entrance of the ao
wing or developing normallyIf the skin, lips, or nail beds look blue or if the child seems to be very short of breath, take the child

pleural effusion is an abnormal, excessive collection of this fluid.Two different types of effusions can develop:Transudative pleu
thing occurs immediately after thoracentesis.

te of 120 bpm within 10 minutes of standing Decrease in blood pressure which can lead to: Lightheadedness Syncope (fainting
ovement in their mid-twenties. Others develop Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome after:Viral infections Bacterial infecti

of symptoms over a period of time.

ght gain More than 2 pounds per week Sudden weight gain over 1 - 2 days(Note: Some swelling of the feet and ankles is consid
percentage of pregnancies.

s the high blood pressure will get worse in the first several days after delivery.A woman with a history of preeclampsia is at risk
ts, heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Symptoms include:Abnormal heart rhythm (arrythmia) Enlarged tongue Fatigue Numbness
cells.Primary amyloidosis can lead to conditions that include:Carpal tunnel syndrome Heart muscle damage (cardiomyopathy)

ent swelling of the ankles or other areas, decreased urine output, or other symptoms that may indicate complications have dev
(systemic) involvement can lead to death in 1 to 3 years.
h problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell th
called a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).Persons with pulmonary atresia may also have a poorly developed tricuspid valve. They
es such as patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot.
s possible:Shortness of breath Cyanosis
w well the heart is beating Amount of leakiness of the other heart valves The severity of other associated congenital heart disea
u to sit up and catch your breath, it's called " paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ") Grunting or gurgling sounds with breathing Pale
d vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs. This fluid interrupts normal oxygen movement throu

s may occur if blood and oxygen flow are not restored promptly. If not treated, this condition can be fatal.
r stabbing May also be described as a burning, aching, or dull, heavy sensation May get worse with deep breathing, coughing, e
ung. The most common cause is a blood clot in a deep vein of the thighs. This type of clot is called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT
s an increased tendency to clot. Thrombophilias can be inherited or acquired. Acquired thrombophilias occur in association wit
ere sharp chest pain, shortness of breath, blood in sputum, and a raised heart rate.
rgery, or an injury.Death is possible in people with a severe pulmonary embolism.
h lighter activity or even while at rest Other symptoms include:Ankle and leg swelling Bluish color of the lips or skin (cyanosis)
they cannot carry as much blood. When this happens, pressure builds up. This is called pulmonary hypertension. The heart nee
p other symptoms
at may lead to death.Avoiding pregnancy is recommended.
 vere blockage Shortness of breath Sudden deathNote: Patients with mild to moderate blockage may not have any symptoms. T
cause is unknown, but genetics may play a role.Narrowing that occurs in the valve itself is called pulmonary valve stenosis. Th

cause is unknown, but genetics may play a role.Narrowing that occurs in the valve itself is called pulmonary valve stenosis. Th
loon dilation. Other congenital heart defects may be a factor in the outlook.Some valves can last for decades. Others wear out
ely caused by an underlying medical condition rather than the regurgitation itself. However, more severe regurgitation may con
s, and congenital absence of the pulmonary valve, carcinoid syndrome.

th sounds in tension pneumothorax Decreased skin turgor Traumatic chest Cool extremities Tachycardia Cyanosis
he mnemonic "The Hs and Ts".H ypovolemia H ypoxia H ydrogen ions (Acidosis) H ypothermia H yperkalemia or H ypokalemia H

more worse the prognosis.The time to intiate CPR also plays a pivotal role in prognosis. Persons who got CPR by a layperson o
sed areas (redness, tenderness, swelling, bleeding) Mouth ulcers Nausea and vomiting Open sores on the skin Skin burns (redn

oint. Skin nodules, skin rash (erythema marginatum) on the trunk and upper part of the arms or legs Epistaxis Cardiac problems
isolated outbreaks. The latest outbreak was in the 1980s.Rheumatic fever mainly affects children ages 5-15, and occurs approx
dical evaluation.If you have symptoms of strep throat, tell your health care provider. You will need to be evaluated and treated
tion, especially during the first 3 -5 years after the first episode of the disease.
mur and then performed additional tests.Breathlessness with activity. Chest pain, which resembles what is known as angina -ty
nship with the amount of calcium in the diet. Worldwide, aortic stenosis occurs most commonly in those who've had rheumatic
bove the age of 50, who are overweight, who smoke, and who have diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. These
h, chest pain or fainting. Also contact your doctor if you have been diagnosed with this condition and your symptoms get worse
e conditions associated with pulmonic stenosis, such as high blood pressure, and may have a normal life expectancy.Those wit
egular. You may feel dizzy, faint, or have other symptoms. This may be serious in some cases.
nes. A heart attack that damages the electrical system in the heart. Heart diseases, such as heart valve disease and cardiac sarco
tion Prior cardiac surgery Older age Heart attack or coronary artery disease Cardiomyopathy Sarcoidosis Lyme disease High pot
wollen legs, ankles, or feet Feel short of breath

ated to kidney involvement.Symptoms include:Frothy urine Swelling in the arms and legs Periorbital edemaOther less common
Chronic infections such as: Tuberculosis Leprosy Chronic infection of the bones (Osteomyelitis) Chronic infection of the kidney

and etc. You know you have secondary amyloidosis and you have difficulty breathing, persistent swelling of the ankles or other

eathing Decreased or no urine output Cool hands and feet

burns, and severe vomiting and/or diarrhea. Septic shock is caused by infections in the bloodstream. A severe allergic reaction

ed person.A person with OSA will usually snore heavily soon after falling asleep. The snoring continues at a regular pace for a p
keep the airway open and allow air to flow into the lungs. Even though these muscles usually relax during sleep, the upper thr
nt of adult women are considered habitual snorers , and snoring is often associated with sleep apnea.Metabolic Syndrome and

ute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), there are five major signs of stroke as the following.Sudden numbness or wea
o your brain are narrowed or blocked, causing severely reduced blood flow. While hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood ves

gh life-threatening risk. The time from onset to emergence department: The faster to sent the patient to the hospital after onse
e down.Early signs include:Swelling around the eye Swelling of the face Swelling of the whites of the eyesThe swelling will mos
er the breastbone and between the lungs).The types of cancer that can lead to this condition include:Breast cancer Lymphoma

long-term outlook.
f feeling the heart beat), often with an irregular or fast rate (racing) Rapid pulse Shortness of breathOther symptoms that can o
n area of the heart called the sinoatrial node (also called the sinus node or SA node). The signal moves through the upper heart
a history of PSVT and an episode does not go away with the valsalva maneuver or by coughing, or other symptoms occur with

eady or weak when standing, even fallingSimilar symptoms may be seen in other diseases such as:Dizziness Seizure Vertigo Com
aortic dissection, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. HypertensionBrain causesTransient ischemic attack (TIA) StrokeVasovagal syn
t to the hospital to confirm the causes.
atively better. Whether the patient is associated with severe complications, such as falling, can lead to a cerebral hemorrhage.
include:A bluish coloration of the skin caused by blood low in oxygen (cyanosis) Shortness of breath and rapid breathing, espec
lor to the skin). The classic form of tetralogy includes four related defects of the heart and its major blood vessels:Ventricular s
ess in the mother, such as rubella (German measles), during pregnancy Maternal alcoholism Poor nutrition A mother older than

or feeding habits) Failure to gain weight Passing out Poor development Squatting during episodes of cyanosis
lor to the skin).The classic form of tetralogy includes four related defects of the heart and its major blood vessels:Ventricular se
es heart defects, low calcium levels, and immune deficiency).
becomes blue, immediately place the child on his or her side or back and put the knees up to the chest. Calm the baby and see
e lives. Without surgery, death usually occurs by the time the person reaches age 20.Patients who have continued, severe leak
ommon symptoms include:Clubbing of fingers (skin or bone enlargement around the fingernails) Cyanosis, which becomes mo
lude:Alcoholism in the mother Diabetes Mother who is over 40 years old Poor nutrition during pregnancy Rubella or other vira

breathing, or if the baby seems to have an unusual number of respiratory infections.

sease (heart) Ischaemic Coronary disease Coronary artery disease (CAD) Coronary artery aneurysm Spontaneous coronary arter
lude:Chest pain Dizziness Fainting Fatigue Heart failure symptoms Light-headedness Pre-syncope Shortness of breath Syncope
nital heart block occurs in babies whose mothers have autoimmune diseases, such as lupus. People who have these diseases m
eart block (CHB).

and at times, hemodynamic instability and syncope. They may faint, or complain of dizziness or simply feel week.
heart can not propagate to the ventricles.Many conditions can cause third-degree heart block, but the most common cause is
en widening or leakage of the aneurysm. Symptoms often begin suddenly when:The aneurysm grows quickly The aneurysm tea
terol, long-term high blood pressure, or who smoke. Other risk factors for a thoracic aneurysm include:Connective tissue disor

ave caused or contributed to the condition.

houlders (carrying something heavy may make the pain worse) Signs of poor circulation in the hand or forearm Weakness of the
ear the shoulder and armpit on their way to the arms. As they pass by or through the collarbone (clavicle) and upper ribs, they

approaches using physical therapy are helpful for many patients.

is Lethargy Frequent respiratory infections Poor feeding and growth Rapid breathingOther health problems may also cause the

e in babies with more severe defects.

ms usually occur on the same side of the body if more than one body part is involved.A TIA is different from a stroke. However,
nction. (A decrease in brain function is called a neurologic deficit.)A TIA is different from a stroke. Unlike a stroke, a TIA does no

arning of a future stroke.

will have a stroke within 3 months. Half of these strokes happen during the 48 hours after a TIA. The stroke may occur that sam

e blood that is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body. Low blood oxygen leads to cyanosis (a bluish-purple color to the
Rubella or other viral illness during pregnancy
usually diagnosed soon after a baby is born. Call your infant's health care provider if the baby seems to be having difficulty brea
ormal lives. If corrective surgery is not performed, the life expectancy is months.
 ommon symptoms include:Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) Easily fatigued Shortness of breath (dyspnea) Fast breath
have have other heart problems.Normally, blood flows from the body into the right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve to
access to prenatal care and the mother's behavior during pregnancy (i.e. alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, etc).
your health care provider immediately.

pain Swelling in your legs

tricuspid prolapse is swelling of the right ventricle. Such swelling may be a complication of any disorder that causes failure of t
The physical exam may reveal swelling of the liver.Tests that are done include:ECG, Chest X-ray, Echocardiogram may show sw
tricuspid regurgitation exist together, the following symptoms may result:Active pulsing in the neck veins Decreased urine out
tricuspid regurgitation is swelling of the right ventricle. Such swelling may be a complication of any disorder that causes failure

rgical valve repair or replacement usually provides a cure. However, persons with severe tricuspid regurgitation that cannot be
in the neck.
fibrosis, lupus erythematosus, right atrial myxoma and congenital tricuspid atresia.

g, burning, choking, or aching Pain that occurs at rest and does not easily go away when using medicine Shortness of breathIf yo
ue along the walls of the arteries. This causes arteries to become less flexible and narrow, which interrupts blood flow to the he
HDL cholesterol Male gender Not getting enough exercise Obesity Older age Smoking
ot go away after 15 minutes Does not go away after three doses of nitroglycerin Is getting worse Returns after the nitroglycerin
Whether you've ever had a heart attack The medicines you were taking when the angina attack started How well your heart mus
toll over many years. In time, patients may develop congestive heart failure. Also, valve disease may lead to heart muscle disea
likely linked to one of the following:A weakening of the valve tissue caused by energy changes in the body. This is called myxom
indpipe and esophagus.High-pitched cough Wheezing Respiratory infections Dysphagia Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) Slow b
r ring also have another congenital heart problem. Vascular ring occurs very early in the baby's development in the womb. Norm

mage to the trachea and even death. If one emerges the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:P
when symptoms appear. Whether the surgery has been performed or not.
e following symptoms may occur within minutes to 1 hour before the collapse:Chest pain Dizziness Nausea Rapid heartbeat Sho
on. During ventricular fibrillation, blood is not pumped from the heart. Sudden cardiac death results. The most common cause o
) Heart muscle disease, including cardiomyopathies Heart surgery Narrowed coronary arteries Sudden cardiac death (commoti

ide of the hospital is between 2% and 25%.People who have survived VF may be in a coma or have long-term damage.
ommon symptoms include:Shortness of breath Fast breathing Hard breathing Paleness Failure to gain weight Fast heart rate Sw
es not completely form, a hole remains. This hole is known as a ventricular septal defect, or a VSD.Ventricular septal defect is o
history of genetic problems and other congenital heart disease may be at an increased risk for carrying and expressing the trait.
breathing, or if the baby seems to have an unusual number of respiratory infections. {{#ev:youtube|aOKMka18Xto}}
ult if a large defect is not treated.{{#ev:youtube|AFU8Y8a4hJY}}
na) Fainting (syncope) Light-headedness or dizziness Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) Shortness of breathNote:
y or late complication of a heart attack. It may also occur in patients with:Cardiomyopathy Heart failure Heart surgery Low mag
gns of ventricular tachycardia.

bness or tingling Poor coordination Sleepiness or even apparent sleep from which the person can not be awakened Slurred spe
basilar artery Two vertebral arteriesThe back of the brain contains structures that are crucial for keeping a person alive. For ins

alth are taken into consideration when determining one's outlook for recovery. A substantial recovery can be expected in youn
nts, see the “ Inactive ingredients” section at the end of this information sheet. If you have active liver disease or repeated bloo
ious, including muscle breakdown resulting in kidney damage.The risk of muscle breakdown is greater at higher doses of Vytor
20.Take Vytorin once a day, in the evening, with or without food. Try to take Vytorin as prescribed. If you miss a dose, do not ta
 g Vytorin and during treatment.In clinical studies patients reported the following common side effects while taking Vytorin: he
al cholesterol is made up of both LDL and HDL cholesterol.LDL cholesterol is called “bad” cholesterol because it can build up in t
na) Fainting (syncope) Light-headedness or dizziness Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) Shortness of breathNote
y or late complication of a heart attack. It may also occur in patients with:Cardiomyopathy Heart failure Heart surgery Myocard

t rate. Others may have the rapid heart rate once or twice a week. Sometimes there are no symptoms, and the condition is det
nd keeps the next beat from happening too soon. In people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, there is an extra, or accesso
ly history of the condition. These cases are described as sporadic and are not inherited. Familial Wolff-Parkinson-White syndro

n of accessory pathway and number of accessory pathways.

inating (hesitation, dribbling, weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying), painful urination, and urinary frequency and ur
ning or in the evening. The doxazosin extended-release tablet is usually taken once a day with breakfast. To help you remembe
ule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Check with your doctor if you have missed two or more doses.
nces in the blood. Pravastatin is in a class of medications called HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). It works by slowing the
the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understan
le. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
e, or to other parts of the body. rivaroxaban lowers your chance of having a stroke by helping to prevent clots from forming. If y
trial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to the formation of blood clots, which can trave
leeding. Are allergic to rivaroxaban or any of the ingredients in rivaroxaban. See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of ing
gnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if rivaroxaban will harm your unborn baby. Tell your doctor right away if you
you how much rivaroxaban to take and when to take it. Your doctor may change your dose if needed. If you take rivaroxaban f

of heart failure, it is usually taken twice a day with or without food.To help you remember to take valsartan, take it around the
r heartbeat, people with prosthetic (replacement or mechanical) heart valves, and people who have suffered a heart attack. W
directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Ta
our pharmacist or check the Medication Guide for a list of the ingredients. do not take two or more medications that contain w
macist for a list of foods that contain vitamin K. Eat consistent amounts of vitamin K-containing food on a week-to-week basis.
missed one. Call your doctor if you miss a dose of warfarin.
steloss of hairfeeling cold or having chillsIf you experience any of the following symptoms, or those listed in the IMPORTANT W
re (not in the bathroom), and light. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist
, medical problems, medications and dosages, and doctor's name and telephone number on the card.Tell all your healthcare pr
nd creases appears in the armpits, groin and neck folds, and over the joints of the fingers and toes.Less commonly, the lips, pa
rmones such as human growth hormone or oral contraceptives ("the pill"), can also cause acanthosis nigricans.People with lym
commonly seen among people of African descent, in part because it is easier to see in darker skin.

es (small red bumps) Pustules Redness around the skin eruptions Scarring of the skin Whiteheads
d. These oil glands help lubricate the skin and help remove old skin cells. When glands produce too much oil, the pores can bec
ause increased oil in the skin. However, people in their 30s and 40s may also have acne.
e, you have a lot of redness around the pimples or you have cysts) Your acne is getting worse You develop scars as your acne cle
re up from time to time.Scarring may occur if severe acne is not treated. Some people, especially teenagers, can become very
mple grows.There are many types of pimples. The most common types are:Whiteheads: These are pimples that stay under the s
re often)Hormone changes during pregnancy Starting or stopping birth control pills Heredity (if your parents had acne, you mig
all people between the ages of 11 and 30 have acne outbreaks at some point. Some people in their forties and fifties still get a
s, backpacks, or tight collars Pollution and high humidity Squeezing or picking at pimples Hard scrubbing of the skin.Here are so
e, you have a lot of redness around the pimples or you have cysts) Your acne is getting worse You develop scars as your acne cle
re up from time to time.Scarring may occur if severe acne is not treated. Some people, especially teenagers, can become very
same on both sides of the body Rash may appear on the palms and soles -- it does not occur on the back, chest, or belly area (t
h hepatitis B, but this link is rarely seen in the United States. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, mononucleosis) is the virus most often ass
skin. Often, they have a white or yellow scale on top.They begin as flat and scaly areas Later they develop a hard and wart-like o

ake medicines that suppress the immune system) Long-term, daily sun exposure (for example, if you work outdoors) Multiple,

lump on the face or upper neck Weight loss

anism found in the nose and throat. Because of the bacteria's normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most com
anism found in the nose and throat.Because of the bacteria's normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most comm

lump on the face or upper neck Weight loss

anism found in the nose and throat. Because of the bacteria's normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most com
anism found in the nose and throat.Because of the bacteria's normal location in the nose and throat, actinomycosis most comm

n Photophobia Decreased visual acuity Pink or hypopigmented eyes Strabismus

cutaneous albinism; causes white or hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. The hypopigmentaion is usually seen when patie

out 100,000 hairs.

e hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for week
here is no known cause for this type of hair loss.Both men and women tend to lose hair thickness and amount as they age. Bald
ain or itching with the hair loss The skin on your scalp under the involved area is red, scaly, or otherwise abnormal You have ac
ns such as:Are you losing hair only from your scalp or from other parts of your body as well? Is there a pattern to the hair loss, l
eddish-purple, raised sore on the skin A massive, raised tumor with blood vesselsInternal organ angioma: Patients with interna
gioma in the US There is a 50% chance of having a cavernous angioma if the parent has a multiple cavernous angiomas in the U
ssible:Secondary infection of a skin angioma Local severe pain: such as severe headache, severe abdominal pain.
The prognosis of internal organ angioma depends on the location, the size and whether the angioma rupture or not.
ugs Fever General ill feeling (malaise) Wheezing Weight lossOther symptoms depend on the part of the body affected, and may
. It can also be found on marijuana leaves.Although most people are often exposed to aspergillus, infections caused by the fung
ne system may become infected.

If invasive aspergillosis does not get better with drug treatment, it eventually leads to death. What happens to a person with in
ps after age 10-12 Delayed walking Discoloration of skin areas exposed to sunlight Discoloration of skin (coffee-with-milk color
e a defective gene for the child to have symptoms of the disorder.The disease results from defects in the ataxia telangiectasia m

apy, and no unnecessary x-rays should be done.

tinging pain Blisters that ooze or get crustyIf the fungus spreads to your nails, they can become discolored, thick, and even crum
ers.Athlete's foot is the most common type of tinea fungal infections. The fungus thrives in warm, moist areas. Your risk for ge
her signs include pus, drainage, and fever. You have diabetes or a weakened immune system and develop athlete's foot.Also ca
ong-term medication and preventive measures may be needed
discharge or bleeding Raw areas of the skin from scratching Skin coloring changes, such as more or less color than the normal
ay be more sensitive because their skin lacks certain proteins.Atopic dermatitis is most common in infants. It may start as early
tion (such as fever, redness, or pain)
ndition often starts to go away around age 5 - 6, but flare-ups will often occur. In adults, the problem is generally a long-term o
n cancer is painful, but usually it is not. Not all skin cancers look the same. Skin changes to watch for:Small, smooth, shiny, pale,
om another person. However, research has shown that people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop s
y it has grown beneath the top layer of skin Whether it has spread to nearby lymph nodes or to other parts of the bodyThe stag
 onitor your recovery and check for new skin cancer. New skin cancers are more common than having a treated skin cancer spr
ddened area on the skin that, when pressed, does not turn white. This indicates that a pressure ulcer is starting to develop. Stag
th age Individuals with a injury or disease that may limit mobility (i.e. spinal cord injury) Individuals with a condition that may in
An infection can spread to the rest of the body and cause serious problems. Signs of an infected ulcer include:A foul odor from t
ke other autoimmue diseases, signs and symptoms come and go.Painful mouth sores: These are the most common sign of Behç
tic reaction of the body to injury or disease and is marked by four signs: swelling, redness, heat, and pain. Doctors think that an
arches demonstrate that the presence of the gene HLA–B51 is a risk factor for Behçet's disease. Age: Behçet's disease can affec
e:Sever headache Massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract
n women. Whether the patient develops complications.
golian spots (also called Mongolian blue spots) are usually bluish or bruised-looking. They usually appear over the lower back o
pots are more commonly seen in darker-skinned populations.
flammation Itching Open sore (ulceration) Pain Size change Texture change
n area larger than the size of a fist. The cancer risk is related to the size, location, shape, and color of the mole.Mongolian spots
ous hemangiomas may appear as a red-blue spongy mass of tissue filled with blood. Port-wine stains are most often located on
ted birthmarks are areas in which the color of the birthmark is different from the color of the rest of the skin.Hemangiomas are

manent.Strawberry hemangiomas usually grow quickly, stay the same size, and then go away. Ninety-five percent of strawberry
e brown or bloody mucus) Fatigue Fever General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Joint pain Muscle pain Night sw
through the lungs, infecting them. The fungus then spreads (disseminates) to other areas of the body. The infection may affect

gh to cause death. Skin sores may lead to permanent scars.

s and dead tissue, and improves as it drains. It may drain on its own. More often the patient or someone else opens the boil.Th
s surface. Damage to the hair follicle allows these bacteria to enter deeper into the tissues of the follicle and the tissue underne
provider should treat boils of the nose.Boils that form close together may expand and join, causing a condition called carbuncul
fever, red streaks coming out from the sore, large fluid collections around the boil, or other symptoms
urbon virus disease had symptoms including fever, tiredness, rash, headache, other body aches, nausea, and vomiting. They al

s from tick or insect bites when they work or spend time outside may be more likely to be infected.

ly located on the arms, legs, or middle of the body. About one-third of persons with bullous pemphigoid also develop blisters in

after treatment is stopped.

and clammy skin, weakness, bluish lips and fingernails, and a drop in alertness) Swelling White or charred skinSymptoms of an
burns are the most common type. Thermal burns occur when hot metals, scalding liquids, steam, or flames come in contact wi
micals or electricity. The person shows signs of shock. The person inhaled smoke. Physical abuse is the known or suspected caus
mouth, digestive tract, and on the skin. Usually it does not cause disease or symptoms. Candida and the many other germs or m
ul urination Redness and swelling of the vulva Vaginal and labial itching, burning
a. Being pregnant, having diabetes, or being obese all create conditions that help yeast grow more easily.
e a yeast infection, you can treat the disorder with over-the-counter medications) Your symptoms don't go away after using se

t when you touch it.It may also:Grow very fast Have a white or yellow center (contain pus) Weep, ooze, or crust Spread to othe
rbuncle is made up of several skin boils (furuncles). The infected mass is filled with fluid, pus, and dead tissue. Fluid may drain o
You are more likely to get a carbuncle if you have:Friction from clothing or shaving Poor hygiene Poor overall healthPersons wi
e or spine You have a fever, red streaks running from the sore, a lot of swelling around the carbuncle, or pain that gets worse
the first infection.
rash that starts suddenly, and grows quickly in the first 24 hours Tight, glossy, "stretched" appearance of the skin Warm skin in
in the skin, these bacteria can cause a skin infection. Skin in the infected area will become red, hot, irritated, and painful.
ounds) Insect bites and stings, animal bites, or human bites Ulcers from certain diseases, including diabetes and vascular diseas
owsiness, lethargy, blistering over the cellulitis, or red streaks that spread. Seek medical attention immediately if the cellulitis
eases or your immune system is not working properly. People with fungal infections of the feet may have cellulitis that keeps co
appear on the parts of the body that were exposed to the sun. It may stop where the underwear meets the legs. This is often a

mperatures 40° F or lower, many people often experience worse reactions as their exposed skin is rewarming. Cold urticaria is m
han a normal person's skin cells to things like temperature. This may be a result of either an inherited trait or an illness (for exa
ren and young adults. This population experiences a particular type of urticaria called primary acquired urticaria. It usually impr
lingIf you notice mild skin reactions following exposure to cold, see a doctor. Your doctor can rule out any underlying condition
mild scar.Herpes infection may also spread throughout the body (called disseminated herpes). In this type, the herpes virus can
rpes, the most common method of infection) Right after birth (postpartum) from kissing or having other contact with someone

me back repeatedly even after treatment is finished. These recurrences put them at risk for learning disabilities, and may need
f the skin Warmth of the exposed area (may occur) Skin lesion or rash at the site of exposure Lesions of any type: redness, rash
ry in the same person over time. A history of any type of allergies increases the risk for this condition.Irritant dermatitis, the mo
example, nail polish remover, preservatives in contact lens solutions, or repeated contact with metals in earring posts and the

or avoided. A change of occupation or occupational habits may be necessary if the disorder is caused by occupational exposure
oms over time.Allergic reactions may occur suddenly, or only after months of being exposed to a substance.The hands are a co
her chemicals. The reaction usually looks like a burn. Other irritants may include:CementHair dyesLong-term exposure to wet di

or avoided. You may need to change your job or job habits if the disorder is caused by occupational exposure.

allus is thickened skin on your hands or the soles of your feet.The thickening of the skin is a protective reaction. For example, f
care provider.Otherwise, simply changing to better-fitting shoes or wearing gloves should resolve most problems with corns an

ebrows, eyelids, creases of the nose, lips, behind the ears, in the outer ear, and middle of the chest.Seborrheic dermatitis in inf

alcohol, skin disorders (such as acne), or obesity may increase the risk.Neurologic conditions, including Parkinson's disease, hea
if patches of seborrheic dermatitis drain fluid or pus, form crusts, or become very red or painful.
ore extreme form of this condition overlaps with psoriasis of the scalp and is called sebopsoriasis.
a Skin rash, including pinpoint red spots (petechiae), ulcers, or other skin lesions Sweating (unusual, excessive at night) Swollen
on with cryptococcosis may go away on its own, remain in the lungs only, or spread throughout the body (disseminate). Most c

on the neck, armpits, trunk, body folds, or other areas May have a narrow stalk Usually skin-colored, occasionally darker
kin and may have a short, narrow stalk connecting it to the surface of the skin.Cutaneous tags are usually painless and do not g

ar formation after cutaneous tags are removed, although new growths may appear elsewhere on the body.
or symptoms similar to those of a brain tumor Eyes: decreased vision or blindness Heart: abnormal heart rhythms or heart fail
T. solium, then swallows eggs following improper hand washing after a bowel movement.Risk factors include eating pork, fruit

may be tender to touch. Many lesions demonstrate a "dimple sign," where the central portion puckers as the lesion is compre
fibromas in grouped or linear clusters are seen.

oping slowly over weeks or months. Purple or violet colored upper eyelids Purple-red skin rash over the face, knuckles, neck, sh

ny other cancer makes you prone for it.

depends on:Therapy respond of the patient. Whether the patient appear complications, such as acute renal failure, cancer, infl
en redder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center. This may look like a ring.If ringworm affects your hair, you w
bacteria and fungi live on your body. Some of these are useful, while others can cause infections. Ringworm occurs when a type
sening in redness of the patches, red streaking, pus, drainage, and fever.Call your doctor if:You have ringworm on your scalp or
y to antifungal pills.
sils, larynx, and trachea respiratory diphtheria), skin (cutaneous diphtheria), or rarely, mucous membranes at other sites (eye, e
rarely, by fomites. Cutaneous diphtheria is common in tropical countries, and contact with discharge from skin lesions may tran

rier.The skin loses moisture and may crack and peel, or become irritated and inflamed.

ome care measures do not relieve your dryness and itching

ask:When did your dry skin develop or has it always been dry? Are all parts of your body affected? If not, what are the specific
ot. Moles that have any of these signs should be checked by your doctor.A symmetry: It means one half of the mole does not m
UV radiation) is thought to be the biggest risk factor for most dysplastic nevi. Moles: Although as a benign skin tumor, the mole

e infection spreads much deeper into the skin.After the blister goes away, a crusty ulcer appears.

lty controlling fevers. Mild illness can produce extremely high fevers, because the skin cannot sweat and control temperature p

en and women equally.

h this condition.
ease such as genetic mutation, and family history. Eczema cannot be cured, but it is not contagious. This is usually associated w
, scalp, front of the arms and legs. Adolescents and adults - lesions are distributed mainly on elbow creases, lateral portion of t
and may include:Chills Fever Headache Muscle aches NauseaOther possible symptoms:Diarrhea Fine pinhead-sized areas of ble
y Mountain spotted fever and typhus. All of these diseases are spread to humans by a tick, flea, or mite bite.Scientists first desc

e tick exposure.

nd throat, causing feeding problems or swallowing difficulty Blisters on the skin as a result of minor injury or temperature chan
nctional epidermolysis bullosaAnother rare type of epidermolysis bullosa called epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, is an autoimmu

you may want to have genetic counseling.

ause:Contracture deformities (for example, at the fingers, elbows, and knees) and other deformities Feeding and swallowing d
 ysipelas can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
ment Aged 55 years and older Diagnosed with venous insufficiency Weakened immune system from illness or medication Having
e to relieve the current symptoms and prevent future spread of bacterial infection to avoid complications.
ning. With treatment, prognosis is good and full recovery is expected.
e and may look like hives Central sore surrounded by pale red rings, also called a "target", "iris", or "bulls-eye" May have vesicl
cillins Phenytoin SulfonamidesInfections include:Herpes simplex MycoplasmaThe exact cause is unknown. The disorder is belie

ved, it is an emergency situation.

me and toxic epidermal necrolysis have high death rates.
n as flat, firm, hot, red, painful lumps approximately an inch across. Within a few days they may become purplish, then over sev
mon ones are:Streptococcus (most common) Cat scratch disease Chlamydia Coccidioidomycosis Hepatitis B Histoplasmosis Lept

he face and middle of the body, but may also be seen on the upper arms and thighs.The rash can change rapidly, appearing an
e condition is harmless, it can be of great concern to the new parent.

Foul odor Thickening and yellowing of toenails

vely Living in humid, tropical climates Those who are suffering from other illnesses Military personnel

may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so t

cal care as soon as possible:Skin irritation, Redness, or Scaliness of the skin

of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the vulva or penisThe patient’s general healthWhether the cancer has ju
d of a joint (at the elbow, knee, or ankle) The amount of skin affected increases over time (enlarging skin rash or lesion) or the r

o bite humans. Bites often occur around the waist, ankles, armpits, and in the bend of the elbows and knees.

are then infected with the bacteria Staphylococcus (staph).Barber's itch is a staph infection of the hair follicles in the beard are

es insensate (feels like a "block of wood").Frostbitten skin is hard, pale, cold, and has no feeling. When skin has thawed out, it b
be affected.
w of blood to the skin, are particularly susceptible. So are people with peripheral vascular disease (a disorder of the arteries). O
ostbite Frostbite has occurred recently and new symptoms develop, such as fever, malaise, discoloration, or drainage from the
oration (blue or black if skin is affected; red or bronze if the affected area is beneath the skin) Foul-smelling discharge Loss of fe

or legs) Diabetes Suppressed immune system (for example, from HIV or chemotherapy) Surgery
harge from any wound on your body You have persistent, unexplained pain in an area You have persistent, unexplained fever
ngrene is extensive, or the person has other significant medical problems, they may die.
ondition. If signs and symptoms do occur during the first outbreak, they can be quite severe. This first outbreak usually happen
st cases of genital herpes. HSV-2 can be spread through secretions from the mouth or genitals.Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV
symptoms during or after an outbreak of herpes. Also call if you are unable to urinate.
most outbreaks, there is no obvious trigger. Many people, however, find that attacks of genital herpes occur with the following
annot be seen with the naked eye. Common places to find genital warts:Females most often have warts inside or around the va
which may be found on the penis, vulva, urethra, vagina, cervix, larynx, and around and in the anus. Other types of HPV cause co

nd that genital warts may not appear for months to years after having sexual contact with an infected person. You think a youn
elop any symptoms or problems from the infection. However, they can pass it on to current and sometimes future sexual partn
mooth, irregular, or wart-like skin surfaceNevi are commonly found on the upper or lower parts of the back or the abdomen. Th
y be inherited.A bathing trunk nevus may occur with:Growth of fatty tissue cells (lipomas) Neurofibromatosis Other nevi Spina b

rge pigmented area anywhere on the skin.

k is higher for larger or giant congenital nevi located on the back or abdomen.

as a single lesion are usually more frequent in adults. On the other hand, glomus tumors with multiple lesions are more comm
widespread metastases.
out 100,000 hairs.
e hair coming out in handfuls while you shampoo, comb, or run your hands through your hair. You may not notice this for week
here is no known cause for this type of hair loss.Both men and women tend to lose hair thickness and amount as they age. Bald
ain or itching with the hair loss The skin on your scalp under the involved area is red, scaly, or otherwise abnormal You have ac
ns such as:Are you losing hair only from your scalp or from other parts of your body as well? Is there a pattern to the hair loss, l
oat (including tonsils), mouth, and tongue
s, but it can be spread by person to person. You may catch it if you come into direct contact with nose and throat discharges, s
breaks occur most often in the summer and early fall.
gh fever is not reduced by medication Signs of dehydration occur: Dry skin and mucus membranes Weight loss Irritability Lethar

or angioedema Painful menstruation

affect people of any age. It is more common in boys than in girls. Many people with Henoch-Schonlein purpura had an upper re
s You have low urine output after an episode of Henoch-Schonlein purpura

0% of people with acute hepatitis C do not have any symptoms. Others may find their urine becomes dark and their eyes and th
e can get hepatitis C by:Sharing drug-injecting equipment such as needles, syringes and spoons Tattooing and body piercing usi
ople who may be at increased risk of infection.People in increased risk for hepatitis C infection, include:Current injection drug
ne time or many years ago You were treated for a blood clotting problem before 1987 You received a blood transfusion or orga
ding cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer and the most common reason for liver transplantation in the United States. Approximat
e Nausea VomitingExams and TestsAnti-delta agent antibody Liver biopsy Liver enzymes (blood test)
for its own replication. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is only found in people who carry the hepatitis B virus. HDV may make a recent (
the mother can pass the virus to the baby) Carrying the hepatitis B virus Men having sexual intercourse with other men Receivi

ected may develop long-term (chronic) liver inflammation (hepatitis).

st in adults between the ages of 15 and 40. Though children often contract this infection as well, they less frequently become s
epatitis E can result in fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure) and death.Fulminant hepatitis occurs more frequently during preg
m bleeding into the brain) Shortness of breath Telangiectases on the tongue, lips, nasal mucosa, face, ears, fingertips, nails, whi
lop abnormal blood vessels called arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in several areas of the body. If they are on the skin, the

es on the skin, followed by small blisters, form in most people.The blisters break, forming small ulcers that begin to dry and for
hese nerves years later. The reason the virus suddenly become active again is not clear. Often only one attack occurs.
e system is weakened by medications or diseaseIf an adult or child has direct contact with the shingles rash on someone and h
ry or permanent weakness or paralysis. Sometimes, the pain in the area where the shingles occurred may last from months to y
ry or permanent weakness or paralysis. Sometimes, the pain in the area where the shingles occurred may last from months to y

exico, Central America, and South America. The infection occurs when a person breathes in the reproducing parts of the fungus
owever, the infection can cause severe illness right away, or redevelop years after the first exposure, if a person's immune syste
mptoms continue despite treatment, or if you have breathing difficulty or symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis.
your health care provider should check to find out whether another disease is weakening your immune system. Often, those w
gether to form larger areas of flat, raised skin.They can also change shape, disappear, and reappear within minutes or hours. A
other symptoms. Hives are a common reaction, especially in people with other allergies such as hay fever.When swelling or we
re provider if the hives are severe, uncomfortable, and do not respond to self-care measures.

eloping cancer.There are over 100 different kinds of HPV and not all of them cause health problems. Some types of HPV may ca
, the population should be aware of this virus, since people may be infected with it, never developing any symptoms and there
abnormality is noticed by the patient. Some people find out they have HPV when they get genital warts. Women may find out
en certain types of HPV do not go away over years that it can cause cancer. It is not known why HPV infection resolves in most

tions that make them nervous, angry, embarrassed, or afraid.However, excessive sweating occurs without such triggers. Those w
drosis cases, no cause can be found. It seems to run in families.
weight loss Sweating that most often occurs during sleep Sweating with fever, weight loss, chest pain, shortness of breath, or a
e every one to three weeks. If skin irritation is a problem, a doctor may temporarily prescribe a steroid-based cream.Botox: Swe
he arms, hands, and middle of the body. Persons with this condition may also have many fine lines over the palm of the hand.
osomal dominant pattern. That means you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent in order for you to inherit the

ed or bleeding in the mouth

amaged blood vessels.The antibodies attach to the platelets. The spleen destroys the platelets that carry the antibodies.In child

ymptom-free period.
w or honey-colored fluid Oozing and crusting over Rash -- may begin as a single spot, but if person scratches, it may spread to o
n normally has many types of bacteria on it, but intact skin is an effective barrier that keeps bacteria from entering and growin
e is a break in the skin, bacteria can enter the body and grow there, causing inflammation and infection. Breaks in the skin may

rkened skin, called hyperpigmentation. After several years, the skin returns to normal. In some adults, there may be areas of lig
rn with IP develop discolored skin within the first 2 weeks. The discolored skin occurs when a substance called melanin builds u

dy Varying degrees of retardation

so feel burning, numbness, or tingling.

ness or difficulty swallowing Feeling weak Turning blue
s, or wool) Dry skin Hives Insect bites and stings Parasites such as pinworm, body lice, head lice, and pubic lice Pityriasis rosea P
quire medical evaluation. Look for an obvious cause of itching at home.It is sometimes easy for a parent to find the cause of a c
der around the outside with normal skin tone in the center Abnormally dark or light skin
 in the groin area, such as from sweating.Jock itch may be contagious. It can be passed from one person to the next by direct sk
warm, moist areas.

reases in the upper thigh and does not involve the scrotum or penis. Jock itch may spread to the anus, causing anal itching and
pical lesions begin as flat or slightly raised pink or red spots. With the development of the disease, the color of the lesions may b
veloped slowly. In AIDS patients, the cancer can develop quickly. The cancer may also involve the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tr
arcoma only develops in people who are infected with KSHV.Immune deficiency: A defect in the immune system increases the c
Severe gastrointestinal tract bleeding Severe breath prolem
gnosed or has recurred The patient's general health, especially the immune system.

many or repeated keloids occur.

eriod of several years. Exposure to the sun during the first year after the keloid forms will cause the keloid to tan darker than th
d some bumps
bumps," are found on the backs of the upper arms. The texture is that of very coarse sandpaper.Bumps may also appear on the

dition does not respond to use of over-the-counter moisturizing lotions.

s, although there can be some overlap. Tumors in weight-bearing bones, such as the legs or spine, may cause the bones to frac
nomenon, in which immune cells mistakenly attack the body, rather than fight infections. Extra immune cells may form tumors

manent loss of lung function.In very young patients, the outlook depends on the specific histiocytosis and severity of the diseas
very slowly Ulcers and wearing away (erosion) in the mouth, tongue, gums, lips, nose, and inner nose Stuffy nose, runny nose, a

e. They can last for months or years before healing on their own. In a few people, sores may develop on mucus membranes. Sy

disfigurement. Death is usually caused by complications (such as other infections), rather than from the disease itself. Death oft
to the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes (the soft, moist areas just inside the body's openings).When loss of sensation occu
ms appear), which makes it difficult to determine where or when the disease was contracted. Children are more susceptible tha
ting he disease. These countries include:Angola Brazil Central African Republic Democratic Republic of Congo Federated States
in particular if you have had recent contact with someone who has the disease. Cases of leprosy in the United States need to b
ows for a normal lifestyle.
ums Area of blue-white spots or "pimples" Lines of lesions that form a lacy-looking network Gradual increase in size of the affe
dults. It is less common in children.
nothiazines, and diuretics) Disorders such as hepatitis C
ment Your dentist recommends adjusting your medications or treating conditions that trigger the disorder
ay come and go for years. It usually clears up within 18 months.If lichen planus is caused by a medication, the rash should go aw
rub or scratch the affected area. Constant scratching causes the skin to thicken. The thickened skin itches, causing more scratc

e movements.
esion, or fever

other unknown causes.They occur most often on areas that have had the greatest sun exposure, such as the:Backs of the hand

he appearance of any liver spot

mphadenitis presents as:Red, tender skin over lymph node. Swollen, tender, or hard lymph nodes.Lymph nodes may feel rubbe
disease). Infectious mononucleosis is an acute viral infection, the hallmark of which is marked enlargement of the cervical lymp
f time to recovery depends on the cause. Prognosis is poor for malignant tumors.
pubic hair develop (which normally occur first). Puberty and menstrual bleeding may begin as early as 4 - 6 months in girls.Ear

ssed on to any of the person's children.

testing, may be recommended if the disease is diagnosed.

izures DeathApproximately 20% of reported measles cases experience one or more complications. These complications are mo
ash often starts on the head and moves down the body. The virus normally grows in the cells that line the back of the throat an
tted from 4 days prior to the onset of the rash to 4 days after the onset. If one person has it, 90% of their susceptible close cont
es virus and may be contagious. This is especially important for young children or anyone who may have a compromised immu
n pneumonia. One out of 1000 people with measles will develop inflammation of the brain, and about one out of 1000 will die
oles that have any of these signs should be checked by your doctor:A symmetry: When one half of the mole does not match th
UV radiation) is thought to be the biggest risk factor for most melanomas.Moles: Although as a benign skin tumor, the mole inc

lymph nodes, distant locations in the bodyThe location and size of the tumorPresence of bleeding or ulceration at the site of th
heeks, forehead, nose, or upper lip. It is most often symmetrical (matching on both sides of the face).

progesterone. It is especially common in pregnant women, women who are taking birth control pills (oral contraceptives) and w

f these medications.
symptoms may include:Changing level of consciousness Large areas of bleeding under the skin (purpura) Shock
e signs of illness. The bacteria can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets -- for example, you may becom
ondition when they sneeze or cough. Family members and those closely exposed to someone with the condition are at increas

nated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) - a severe bleeding disorder Kidney failure Shock

inoma has a good prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 90%
act, eyes, respiratory tract and urinary tract. Intestinal microsporidiosis is the most common form of the disease. It usually caus
ve inside the cell of the host to survive and multiply. The exact method of transmission of microsporidia is not fully understood

l.Template:WH Template:WS
t 100%. Some of Dr. Mohs data revealed a cure rate as low as 96%, but these were often very large tumor, and previously been
e in the center. These papules may occur in lines, where the person has scratched. Scratching or other irritation causes the viru
infection in children and occurs when a child comes into direct contact with a lesion. It is frequently seen on the face, neck, arm
d objects, such as towels, clothing, or toys. The virus also spreads by sexual contact. Persons with a weakened immune system (
h new symptoms.
ratching, which may leave marks. Individual lesions usually disappear within about 2 - 3 months. Complete disappearance of al
ng sinuses Sinus pain or congestionSymptoms of lung (pulmonary) mucorycosis include:Cough Coughing blood (occasionally) Fe
but people with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to infection.Syndromes associated with mucormycosis inclu
transplantation, leukemia, lymphoma, treatment with deferoxamine, and AIDS.
eye swelling, or any of the other symptoms listed above.
and your overall health.
aw) Swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area)Other symptoms of this disease that can occur in males:Testiclar
tems that have been contaminated with infected saliva.Mumps most commonly occurs in children ages 2 - 12 who have not be
or the disease.
esticle pain or a testicle lumpGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if convulsions occur.
oard nail. Long-term exposure to moisture or nail polish can cause nails to peel and become brittle.Infection:Fungus or yeast ca
es White color under the nailsIf you have splinter hemorrhages, see the doctor immediately.
ss of function in the area served by the nerve. Problems with sensation or movement can occur, depending on the nerves affec
s history of the condition, as a result of a new gene change (mutation) in the sperm or egg. NF1 is caused by abnormalities in a
ofibromatosis and are planning to have children, or would like to have your child examined.
h neurofibromatosis can live a normal life.Although mental impairment is generally mild, NF1 is a known cause of attention de
:Redness and flaking of the nipple skinTingling, itching, increased sensitivity, burning, and pain of the nipple skinNipple flattene

l care as soon as possible:Development of a lump or swelling in the breast or underarm areaSkin irritation or dimpling, nipple p
of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the breastThe patient’s general healthWhether the cancer has just been
ly located on the arms, legs, or middle of the body. About one-third of persons with bullous pemphigoid also develop blisters in

after treatment is stopped.

res may be described as:Draining Oozing Crusting Peeling or easily detachedThey may be located:In the mouth On the scalp, tru
break the bonds between skin cells. This leads to the formation of a blister. The exact cause is unknown.Sometimes pemphigus

elop any of the following symptoms:Chills Fever General ill feeling Joint aches Muscle aches New blisters or ulcers
onic. Side effects of treatment may be severe or disabling.
(papules) and fluid- or pus-filled bumps (vesicopustules) are seen around the mouth. Rarely, a similar rash may appear around

y if skin creams containing steroids are reapplied to the face.

tch. After several days, more skin rashes will appear on the chest, back, arms, and legs.The skin rashes:Are often pink or pale re

ound or under fingernails or toenails Rough, round, or oval lesions on soles of feet -- flat to slightly raised -- painful to pressure
r black (rare). Most adults are familiar with the look of a typical wart and have little trouble recognizing it. Unusual warts with s
ding is significant or not easily stopped by light pressure, see a doctor. The wart does not respond to self-care and you want it re
mmon. Warts may be unsightly or cause discomfort, especially on the feet.
d to severe. In rare cases, the person is admitted to a hospital. The worst symptoms are often seen during days 4 to 7. The rash
skin rapidly. It is rarely spread from person to person.The rash does not spread by the fluid from the blisters. Therefore, once a
he past. Someone has been exposed to the smoke of a burning plant.Call your provider if:Itching is severe and cannot be contro
re and more difficult for patients to get around.Other symptoms include:Anemia Appetite loss, which leads to unintentional we
y in the head).

mptoms of general illness, such as fever or headache.

ure ulcers to form are over bones close to the skin, like the elbow, heels, hips, ankles, shoulders, back, and back of the head.Pre
hifting your weight. You might get a pressure ulcer if you use a wheelchair or are confined to a bed, even for a short period of ti
out help, such as after a spine or brain injury or if you have a disease like multiple sclerosis Having a chronic condition, such as
An infection can spread to the rest of the body and cause serious problems. Signs of an infected ulcer include:A foul odor from t

: This may be from sunburn, insect bites, chemicals, soaps, poison ivy or other causes. Infections, such as scabies, chickenpox. A
patches of skin. The redness is most often seen on the elbows, knees, and trunk, but it can appear anywhere on the body. For e
stakes healthy cells for dangerous substances. Skin cells grow deep in the skin and normally rise to the surface about once a m

ver with your psoriasis attacks.If you have symptoms of arthritis, talk to your dermatologist or rheumatologist.Go to the emerg
oes not affect your general physical health.
ls (senile purpura) Pressure changes that occur during vaginal childbirth Inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis), such as

x, and rubber products Cosmetics, soaps, and detergents Dyes and other chemicals in clothing Poison ivy, oak, or sumacSeborrh
f:You have joint pain, fever, or a sore throat You have streaks of redness, swelling, or very tender areas as these may indicate a
mily, and recent illnesses or exposures. Questions may include:When did the rash begin? What parts of your body are affected?
ed and then later returns to normal color. The attacks may last from minutes to hours.People with primary Raynaud's phenome
e 30.Common causes are:Diseases of the arteries, such as atherosclerosis and Buerger's disease, which is associated with smok
le younger than age 30.
d or develops a sore Your fingers change color and you do not know the cause Your fingers or toes turn black or the skin breaks

en redder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center. This may look like a ring.If ringworm affects your hair, you w
bacteria and fungi live on your body. Some of these are useful, while others can cause infections. Ringworm occurs when a type
h items contaminated by the fungus, such as combs, unwashed clothing, and shower or pool surfaces. You can also catch ringwo
sening in redness of the patches, red streaking, pus, drainage, and fever.Call your doctor if:You have ringworm on your scalp or
y to antifungal pills.
a) of the face A red, bulbous nose Acne-like skin eruptions (may ooze or crust) A burning or stinging sensation of the face Irritat
epharitis, keratitis).
(however, men with the condition are usually more severely affected) You are between the ages of 30 and 50

may be as high as 105° Fahrenheit, and it generally responds well to acetaminophen (Tylenol).Between the second and fourth
time between becoming infected and the beginning of symptoms (incubation period) is 5 to 15 days.

appear very sick Acts irritable or lethargicGo to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if your c

(HHV-6), although similar syndromes are possible with other viruses.

nny nose Sore throat High fever, that comes on quickly and may be as high as 105° F (40.5° C) and can last 3 to 7 days.About 2 to
y may not notice the symptoms. Other symptoms may include:Bruising (rare) Inflammation of the eyes (bloodshot eyes) Muscl
- 2 weeks after the rash disappears. The disease is less contagious than rubeola (measles). After an infection, people have imm

bella You or your child develop a severe headache, stiff neck, earache, or vision problems during or after a case of rubella You o
can develop congenital rubella syndrome, which typically has a poor outcome. Defects are rare if the infection occurs after the
Mites may be more widespread on a baby's skin, causing pimples over the trunk, or small blisters over the palms and soles.In yo
ng. Sometimes whole families are affected.Outbreaks of scabies are more common in nursing homes, nursing facilities, and chi
es to be spread by:A swimming pool Contact with the towels, bedding, and clothing of someone who has scabies, unless the pe

such as HIV.
ach but can then spread all over the body. It looks like a sunburn and feels like a rough piece of sandpaper. Most of the time it i
act with droplets shed when an infected person coughs or sneezes. If you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes after touching some

ot let your child return to daycare or school until he or she has taken the antibiotics for at least 24 hours.

develops slowly, and rarely, if ever, spreads throughout the body or causes serious complications. Systemic scleroderma, or sc
to the symptoms of the disease.
 around silica dust and polyvinyl chloride, but most do not.Widespread scleroderma can occur with other autoimmune disease
ptoms develop
slowly gets worse. People who only have skin symptoms have a better outlook. Widespread (systemic) scleroderma can damag
s Tender or sore skin Warm skin in the affected areaGrayish-white, cheesy, foul-smelling material may drain from the cyst.
tin is secreted.These cysts are usually found on the face, neck, and trunk. They are usually slow- growing, painless, freely mova

ebrows, eyelids, creases of the nose, lips, behind the ears, in the outer ear, and middle of the chest.Seborrheic dermatitis in inf

alcohol, skin disorders (such as acne), or obesity may increase the risk.Neurologic conditions, including Parkinson's disease, hea
if patches of seborrheic dermatitis drain fluid or pus, form crusts, or become very red or painful.
ore extreme form of this condition overlaps with psoriasis of the scalp and is called sebopsoriasis.
es on the skin, followed by small blisters, form in most people.The blisters break, forming small ulcers that begin to dry and for
hese nerves years later.The reason the virus suddenly become active again is not clear. Often only one attack occurs.
e system is weakened by medications or diseaseIf an adult or child has direct contact with the shingles rash on someone and h
ingles that affects the eye may lead to permanent blindness if you do not receive emergency medical care.
ry or permanent weakness or paralysis.Sometimes, the pain in the area where the shingles occurred may last from months to y
op up to 3 months after an injury.Most lesions are on the hands and forearms, because these areas are commonly injured when
at contains a lot of mulch.Sporotrichosis can be a job-related disease for people who work with plants, such as farmers, horticu
with weakened immune systems, but it can also occur in otherwise healthy people. Outbreaks have occurred among florists, p
is can be life-threatening for people with a weakened immune system.
sizeA sore or ulcer that doesn't heal within three monthsMany skin problems can cause lesions that are similar in appearance
t is thought to be the largest risk factor for developing squamous cell carcinoma.Fair skin: Data show that caucasian persons an

er is has invaded the layer below the skin and has spread to the lymph nodes, or to other distant places in the body.The locatio
of the ankles and lower legs may look thin or tissue-like. You may slowly get brown stains on the skin.If you scratch the area, the

in and other tissues. This may lead to itching, which causes more skin changes.
ooks like pus Open skin sores (ulcers) Pain Redness
ooks like pus Open skin sores (ulcers) Pain Redness
occurs 1-3 days after the flu-like symptoms. Skin lesions start as red or reddish blue lesions on the trunk and extremities and la
malignancies. Most commonly implicated drugs include sulfa drugs, allopurinol, anti-epileptics (Phenobarbital, Carbamazepine,
1502 and HLA-B 5801 variants in particular) on exposure to anti-epileptic medications or allopurinol. Other risk factors may incl

covery can take longer, although it usually depends on the severity of symptoms and body surface area involved. The mortality
nd in children who have become rapidly obese. They may also occur during the rapid growth of puberty in males and females. S

ou first notice the stretchmarks? What medicines have you taken? Have you used a cortisone skin cream? What other symptom

kin comes in contact with soil contaminated with the worms. The tiny worm is barely visible to the naked eye. Young roundwo

e severe or widespread often have a poor outcome, especially in people with a weakened immune system.

may mean the coverings of the brain are involved. These symptoms should be evaluated right away.
ated.Patients will need to visit an ophthalmologist at least once a year to treat glaucoma. They also will need to see a neurolog
tender skin that is warm to touch. Blisters that develop hours to days later. Severe reactions (sometimes called "sun poisoning
ect the skin. Sunburn in a very light-skinned person may occur in less than 15 minutes of midday sun exposure, while a dark-sk
sunburn. But even dark and black skin can burn and should be protected. The sun's rays are strongest during the hours of 10:0
 These signs include:Feeling faint or dizzy Rapid pulse or rapid breathing Extreme thirst, no urine output, or sunken eyes Pale, cl
did the sunburn occur? How often do you get sunburn? Do you have blisters? How much of the body was sunburned? What m

tions that make them nervous, angry, embarrassed, or afraid.However, excessive sweating occurs without such triggers. Those w
drosis cases, no cause can be found. It seems to run in families.
weight loss Sweating that most often occurs during sleep Sweating with fever, weight loss, chest pain, shortness of breath, or a
e every one to three weeks. If skin irritation is a problem, a doctor may temporarily prescribe a steroid-based cream.Botox: Swe
on symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosusFatigue Low fever Muscle pain Joint pain Loss of appetite Facial butterfly rash Se
rm (chronic) inflammation.The underlying cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully known. SLE is much more common in wom
tors:Female: SLE affects nine times as many women as men. Age: From 10 to 50 Race: African Americans and Asians are affecte

anti-phospholipid antibodies: Positive results may increase the possibility of pregnancy loss in women with systemic lupus ery
plish spots in the skin produced by small bleeding vessels near the surface of the skin (purpura) Shortness of breath Speech cha
o occur in an abnormal way.As the platelets clump together in these clots, fewer platelets are available in the blood in other pa

cially if it is not found immediately. In people who don't recover, this condition can become long-term (chronic).
dder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center. This may create the appearance of a ring. Your skin may also appe
ngus, not a worm. Many bacteria and fungi live on your body. Some of these are useful to you and your body. Others can multip
ne person to the next by direct skin-to-skin contact or by contact with contaminated items such as combs, unwashed clothing,
udden worsening in redness of the patches, red streaking, pus, discharge, and fever. Call your doctor if:Ringworm infects your s
well to self-care), it will usually respond quickly to antifungal pills.
aly areas of skin that can be red or swollen (inflamed) may be found, as well as pus-filled sores called kerions.You may have a lo
ed by by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes.The fungi that cause tinea infections do well in warm, moist areas. A tinea infecti
s are contagious. You can catch tinea capitis if you come into direct contact with an area of ringworm on someone else's body,

d border and a clearer center. The border may look scaly.The rash may occur on the arms, legs, face, or other exposed body are
gi thrive in warm, moist areas. The following raise your risk for a fungal infection:Long-term wetness of the skin (such as from s
f you touch contaminated items such as:Clothing Combs Pool surfaces Shower floors and wallsThe fungi can also be spread by p

sites are the back, underarms, upper arms, chest, and neck. Affected areas do not darken in the sun (skin may appear lighter th
ms under certain circumstances.

other hairy areas, such as the eyebrows, eyelashes, or body hair.These symptoms are usually seen in children:An uneven appe
mes more likely to be affected than men.
others, trichotillomania is a lifelong disorder.Treatment often improves the hair pulling and the feelings of depression, anxiety
. Vitiligo most often affects the face, elbows and knees, hands and feet, and genitalia. Vitiligo affects both sides of the body equ
une problem, but the cause is unknown.Vitiligo is associated with three other autoimmune diseases:Addison's disease Hyperth

is repigmented may be slightly lighter or darker than the surrounding skin. Pigment loss may get worse over time.
anywhere. Flat warts are generally found on the face and forehead. They are common in children, less common in teens, and
r black (rare). Most adults are familiar with the look of a typical wart and have little trouble recognizing it. Unusual warts with s
rly people People with compromised immune systems (such as HIV / AIDS positive individuals or organ transplant recipients)
ding is significant or not easily stopped by light pressure, see a doctor. The wart does not respond to self-care and you want it re
mmon. Warts may be unsightly or cause discomfort, especially on the feet.
nic, pneumonic and septicemic.Symptoms appear suddenly, usually after 2 - 5 days of exposure to the bacteria, and may includ
mans by the following ways:Flea bitesPlague bacteria are most often transmitted by the bite of an infected flea. During plague e
homes that provide food and shelter for various ground squirrels, chipmunks and wood rats, or other areas where you may en
has visited an area where plague occurs Anyone who lives or has recently traveled to the western U.S. or any other plague end

y rates to 8-10%.
ected with Zika virus. It usually takes a couple of days (usually up to a week) before you are better. Symptoms of Zika virus infe
travel to endemic areas. Zika viruses are usually transmitted to humans via a mosquito bite, from the Aedes mosquito. Howeve
m “causes” Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported an increased number of people who hav
ded the following guideline for family planning if you or your partner have been infected with Zika:Read the CDC infographic o
lyte imbalanceGirls will usually have normal internal female reproductive organs as normal girls. But some of their external app

need to talk with your doctor, obtain appropriate information about the condition and the risk of having an affected child, and

biguous genitalia. Puberty: Patients raised as girls often appear virilisation, such as amenorrhoea, hirsuitism, deepening of the v
onvert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which plays an important role in the formation of external genitalia before b
reas the DHT level is much low. Then, testosterone-to-dihydrotestosterone (T/DHT) level may be increased. Mutation analysis o
ften appears virilisation, or a boy does not appear virilisation.

nt blood types, these molecules act as immune system triggers (antigens).Each person has a combination of two of these surfac

unction in the affected part of the body General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling Headache Local swelling, hardening of tiss
d vessels into the area of the infection and collect within the damaged tissue. During this process, pus forms. Pus is the buildup

solids Heartburn Unintentional weight loss

g swallowing.Another part of the disorder is a lack of nerve stimulation to the muscles of the esophagus. Causes include:Cancer

or constipation Increased susceptibility to bacterial and parasitic infection in stomach Iron deficiency Cracked nailsOther health
surgery, chronic gastric H pylori infection, chronic proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, or some autoimmune conditions such as dia
hyroid disease. Elderly individuals

re guarded. The complications of achlorhydria: Atrophic gastritis, one of the complications of achlorhydria, has been considere
p in your face, neck, or mouth Persistent pain A newly noticed difference between the size and/or shape of the left and right sid
d neck cancer increases the risk of developing salivary gland cancer. Workplace exposure to certain radioactive substances may

umor, whether the cancer has spread outside the salivary gland The patient’s general health
the signs and symptoms are the consequences of the tumor size and its pressure on its surrounding structures. As the tumor b
e produces some proteins to regulate Schwann cell, covering nerves growth but due to some unknown reasons this gene becom
elevated risk of acoustic neuroma amongst individuals with the history of leisure noise exposure, but not regular occupational e

invade surrounding structure such as nerves, ear and brain tissue, especially brain stem which is life-treating. Even after adequ
of the hands and feet. Swelling of the hands and feet is often an early feature, with patients noticing a change in ring or shoe s
ns such as growth and development, reproduction, and metabolism. But hormones never seem to act simply and directly. They

et worse, and the risk of cardiovascular disease increases.

 shoulder, arm, hand, or wrist
cord splits into the individual arm nerves.Damage to the brachial plexus is usually related to direct injury to the nerve, stretchi

r complete loss of movement or sensation. Nerve pain may be severe and may persist for a long time.
al infection); fatigue; fever (usually low); shortness of breath (dyspnea) worsened by exertion or mild activity; wheezing. Additi
cytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza, and others. At first, it affects your nose, sinuses, and throat and then spreads to the lungs. Som

ou have a low-grade fever for 3 or more days You have thick, greenish mucus, especially if it has a bad smell You feel short of b
r the flu, or may occur on its own. Bronchitis usually begins with a dry cough, including waking the sufferer at night. After a few
the body.People with chronic leukemia may not have symptoms. The doctor may find the disease during a routine blood test.P
medical care for antibiotics.

s a much quicker and more dramatic onset, but can sometimes be cured. Chronic Leukiemia has a slower onset and can often b
n the back. May spread (radiate) to the back or below the left shoulder blade. May be worse after eating or drinking (occurs wit
ogens, corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, and azathioprine) Common bile duct surgical procedures Surgery to the pancreas Tra

kidney impairment Necrotizing pancreatitisIt is common for the condition to return.

on problems Partial or total vision Loss Excessive sensitivity to bright light Seeing spots when the affected eye is closed Experien
-Barr (EPB) infection
. This is particularly the case for those with diseases from the same viruses responsible for Acute retinal necrosis.Individuals ov

anent partial or total vision loss is likely without treatment due to the erosion and detachment of the retina of the eye. With tr
he most common cold symptoms are as followings:Nasal congestion Runny nose Scratchy throat SneezingAdults and older child
re than any other types of illness. Colds are the most common reason that children miss school and parents miss work. Parents

st cold symptoms usually go away within a week. If you still feel sick after 7 days, see your doctor to rule out conditions include

Weight lossAbout 50 percent of the time, one will notice other symptoms such as:Nausea Vomiting DiarrheaOther symptoms m
adrenal insufficiency) or to inadequate secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland (secondary adrenal insufficiency).Addison's dis
ny of the symptoms of addisonian crisis, as this can be fatal if not treated immediately.
an emergency ID. It should say that you have the disease, list your medicines and say how much you need in an emergency.As l

e, occupational exposure to chemical carcinogens, and previous lung disease are at highest risk.
iated with a particularly poor prognosis.
can cause fever, chill, shortness of breath, and a bloody cough. A liver adenomas may cause abdonial pain, dyspepsia
with the family history of colon adenomas has more chance to get the disease than others without famliy history.

ation Conduct disturbances Depressed mood Palpitations Physical complaints Trembling or twitchingSymptoms of adjustment d
ality issuesOther stressors for people of any age include:Death of a loved one General life changes Unexpected catastrophesThe

p) Flushed rounded face with pudgy cheeks (moon face) Obesity Stunted growth in height (short stature) Virilization - the appe
rome that is passed down through families (inherited). Both men and women can develop this tumor.Adrenocortical carcinoma

thin 1 to 3 years.
unication (aphasia) Deterioration of handwriting Difficulty at school Difficulty understanding spoken material Hearing loss Hype
 are carriers can have milder forms of the disease. It affects approximately 1 in 20,000 people from all races.The condition resu
ildren as an X-linked genetic trait, males are mostly affected.

al symptoms develop. The child can live in this condition for as long as 10 years until death occurs.The other forms of this diseas
fear is worse when the place is crowded.Symptoms of agoraphobia include:Becoming housebound for prolonged periods of tim
ations that might lead to another panic attack.

y and bone marrow transplantation Medications such as rituximab, penicillin, captopril, ranitidine, cimetidine, methimazole, an
nistic infections. People with AIDS have had their immune system weakened by HIV and are very susceptible to these opportun
omeone who has HIV. The virus can be in an infected person’s blood, semen, or vaginal secretions and can enter your body thro
e needle for drug use. Children born to HIV positive mothers are at increased risks for developing the disease People who recei
u should be in constant contact with your doctor. People with AIDS are susceptible to infections and cancers that most healthy
ailability of medicines such as HAART. HAART and medicines like it have dramatically increased the amount of time people with
the peripheral nerves is also common
ut it jeopardizes their health and function. The resulting inflammation may damage the brain and spinal cord and cause sympto

skin Increased abdominal girth due to Ascites Gastrointestinal bleeding due to variceal hemorrhage Lack of appetite Confusion

nks/week in women. Binge drinking is defined as consumption of ≥5 drinks in men and ≥ four drinks in women in 2 hours. Cons
drinking may be damaging your health

t be present until the disease is advanced, and may include:Abdominal pain and tenderness Dry mouth Excessive thirst Fatigue
lihood of developing liver disease.Acute alcoholic hepatitis can result from binge drinking. It may be life-threatening if severe.P
duced liver disease Toxicity of alcohol (ethanol) to the liver
hat drinking may be damaging your health

til mid-adulthood (around age 40), when joint and other problems occur.Symptoms may include:Arthritis (especially of the spin
). As a result, a substance called homogentisic acid builds up in the skin and other body tissues. The acid leaves the body throu

et arthritis in adulthood. The build-up of homogentisic acid in the cartilage causes arthritis in about 50% of older adults with al
tery eyes) Widened (dilated) vessels in the clear tissue covering the white of the eye
of the eyes develops quickly, along with itching and tearing.The pollens that cause symptoms vary from person to person and fr

sis) Unintentional weight loss Wheezing

ns there is not enough of this protein in the body. It is caused by a genetic defect. The condition is most common among Europe

etite Nausea or vomiting Rapid pulse (heart rate) Shortness of breath with exertionSymptoms generally associated with more se
om mild to life-threatening, and can affect the nervous system, lungs, muscles, and heart.In most cases the symptoms are mild
l as how hard the person pushes (exerts) himself or herself. People who normally live at or near sea level are more prone to alti
ocal emergency number, or seek emergency medical assistance if severe difficulty breathing develops, or if you notice a lower le
lling (cerebral edema).In remote locations, emergency evacuation may not be possible, or treatment may be delayed. These co
re they have the condition until tested at older ages since the vision in their stronger eye is normal. However, people with more
blyopia is the medical term used when the vision in one of the eyes is reduced because the eye and the brain are not working t
acts, strabismus, and unequal refractive power are at increased risk of amblyopia. Ambylopia can also occur physiologically afte
problem is suspected in a young child so that proper treatment may begin before permanent vision loss occurs.
ually have a near complete recovery of normal vision.Children will not outgrow either amblyopia or strabismus, so early examin
 Fever and chills Diarrhea (in only one-third of patients) General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Hiccups that do n
Pregnancy Recent travel to a tropical region Steroid use
n to occur. You have amoebic liver abscess and the symptoms continue despite treatment.
t eventually gets worse and makes it impossible to do routine tasks such as going up steps, getting out of a chair, or swallowing
no longer send messages to muscles. This eventually leads to muscle weakening, twitching, and an inability to move the arms,

th ALS and symptoms get worse or new symptoms developIncreased difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, and episodes o
patients survive for more than 5 years after diagnosis.
or other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptom
ough sexual contact, particularly anal intercourse. Multiple sexual partners Anal sex Anal fistulas: presence of abnormal openin
vere abdominal pain, severe abdominal distension, and stopping defecation: The reason of a person with anal cancer appears th
spread Whether the patient has Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Whether cancer remains after initial treatment or has r
g a bowel movement.Other symptoms may include:A crack in the skin that can be seen when the area is stretched slightly (the
rst year. The rate of anal fissures decreases rapidly with age. Fissures are much less common among school-aged children than
ave trouble with constipation or chronic diarrhea

ome and incomplete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Complete androgen insensitivity syndromeAt birth, because of external
esistance to the biological effects of androgens in 46,XY karyotype individuals with normal testis determination and production
ptor. The mutative gene prevents androgen receptors from working properly. Thus, it makes cells less sensitive response to an

ndrome patients, it depends on the presence and severity of ambiguous genitalia.

ms concentrating Shortness of breath (especially during exercise)Some types of anemia may have other symptoms, such as:Con
hat helps form blood cells.Healthy red blood cells last between 90 and 120 days. Parts of your body then remove old blood cells

ht gain Feeding difficulties

ematurity leads to serious complications

e Absence of the bone that covers the back of the head Blindness Deafness Unconsciousness Inability to feel painAlthough som
are also involved. Most cases of anencephaly are sporadic, which means they occur in people with no history of the disorder in
age is common in expectant mothers with an anencephalic fetus, seek immediate medical attention if you believe you are expe
irth.Anencephaly is one of the most common types of neural tube defect, affecting about 1 in 1,000 pregnancies. However, mo
our lower back and hips, stiffness in your lower back or hip area, especially in the morning and after periods of inactivity. As dise
e 10. It affects more males than females. Risk factors include:Family history of ankylosing spondylitis Male gender
tients with ankylosing spondylitis are born with the HLA-B27 gene. Recent data demonstrate gene ARTS1 and IL23R are associat

Prognosis depends on:Onset age: The early onset age, the worse prognosis will be. Whether organs outside joints are affected.

due to squeezing by the ring of pancreas.Complete obstruction of the duodenum is often seen in newborns with this condition.

w repeatedly Disregard the safety of self and others Have problems with substance abuse Lie, steal, and fight often Not show gu
ople with an antisocial or alcoholic parent are at increased risk. Far more men than women are affected. The condition is comm

e damage occurs in the left temporal lobe, although it can result from damage to the right lobe as well. People with Wernicke’s
inability to speak spontaneously inability to form words inability to name objects poor enunciation excessive creation and use
od is unable to reach a part of the brain. Brain cells die when they do not receive their normal supply of blood, which carries ox
 to the National Aphasia Association, approximately 80,000 individuals acquire aphasia each year from strokes. About one millio
spot or bump that develops into an open ulcer Center is colored white or yellow Usually small (under 1 cm) but occasionally la
e tooth cleaning, or biting the tongue or cheek. They can also be triggered by emotional stress, dietary deficiencies (especially ir
the ages of 10 and 40. Aphthous ulcers can run in families.
r year. If you have a mouth ulcer that lasts more that 2 weeks, you should see your doctor to rule out possible cancer. Call your

n usually:Occurs suddenly, often causing a person to wake up at night Occurs before other symptoms Begins near the belly butt
o multiply. As a result, the appendix swells and becomes infected. Sources of obstruction include:Feces, parasites, or growths th

right away. Swift diagnosis and treatment reduce the chances the appendix will burst and improve recovery time.
age, condition, complications, and other circumstances, including the amount of alcohol consumption, but usually is between
more joints. The onset of arthritis symptoms can develop gradually or suddenly. Arthritis is most often a chronic disease, so sym
aced on the joint, such as when you walk. Without the normal amount of cartilage, the bones rub together, causing pain, swell
e risk of developing most types of arthritis increases with age. Gender: Most types of arthritis are more common in women; 60
arthritis, and a specific diagnosis of the type you have may help to direct the proper treatment. Although there is no cure for m

breath Skin rash Stomach pain Vomiting worms Wheezing Worms exiting through the nose or mouth
sociation with poor personal hygiene, poor sanitation, and in places where human feces are used as fertilizer.Once consumed,
mprove with treatment, or if new symptoms occur.
ay be caused by adult worms that move to certain organs such as the bile duct, pancreas, or appendix, or multiply and cause a b
onditions. They are more likely to indicate Asherman syndrome if they occur suddenly after a D&C or other uterine surgery.
nrelated to surgery may also lead to Asherman syndrome.Intrauterine adhesions can also form after infection with tuberculosi
d if you are unable to achieve a pregnancy after 6 to 12 months of trying.
ause of Asherman syndrome may have a successful pregnancy after treatment.Successful pregnancy depends on the severity o
sm and not know about it. This is especially true for children, who are not aware of their vision being other than normal. Some
gmatism is considered normal and does not require correction. Astigmatism is very common.Astigmatism may sometimes deve
ages of 5 and 17 have astigmatism . Regarding the prevalence in adults, a recent study in Bangladesh found that nearly 1 in 3 (3

Memory loss
ed by a mutation in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes.

ing itching or burning sensations

agina lubricated and healthy. Normally, the lining of the vagina makes a clear, lubricating fluid. This fluid makes sexual intercou
s not alleviated with a water-soluble lubricant.

rily have the inattentive type. Others may have a combination of types. Those with the inattentive type are less disruptive and
n boys than in girls.ADHD may run in families, but it is not clear exactly what causes it. Whatever the cause may be, it seems to
ps with peers Medication side effects Signs of depression
ouble with the lawAbout half of children with ADHD will continue to have troublesome symptoms of inattention or impulsivity
with autism typically have difficulties in:Pretend play Social interactions Verbal and nonverbal communicationSome children wit
y active area of research. There are probably a combination of factors that lead to autism.Genetic factors seem to be importan
d related disorders are more common than previously thought. It is unclear whether this is due to an increasing rate of the illne
r if you think that your child is not developing normally.
ople with autism were placed in institutions.Today, with the right therapy, many of the symptoms of autism can be improved,
more often than usual, or with exercise Headaches Problems concentrating or thinkingIf the anemia gets worse, symptoms ma
sWhen antibodies form against red blood cells for no reason, the condition is called idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
rtially control anemia.
red stools Jaundice, or yellowing of the skinSymptoms of autoimmune hepatitis range from mild to severe. Some people may fe

y 80%. Prognosis is poor without treatment, 50% of patients with severe autoimmune hepatitis will die in a 5 years. The presen
ctive issues (hypogonadism), anemia, malabsorption, baldness, and vitiligoSymptoms may appear as young as five years old (sp
ome which influences immune tolerance. Type II patients are at a higher risk when they carry a particular HLA genotype. Type II

Prognosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II depends on whether endocrine end-organ failures occur or not.Type
irds worldwide carry the viruses in their intestines, but usually do not get sick from them. However, avian influenza is very con
fections, pneumonia, severe respiratory diseases (such as acute respiratory distress), and other severe and life-threatening com

of those people reported infected with the virus have died. Most cases have occurred in previously healthy children and young
y will not be rejected.Loss and rejection are so painful that these people will choose to be lonely rather than risk trying to conn
sorder. Both males and females have the condition equally.The cause is unknown.

oms. Back pain is categorized into acute pain and chronic pain.Pain that hits you suddenly—after falling from a ladder, being ta
the way you feel when you move your spine in certain ways. Perhaps the most common mechanical cause of back pain is a con
es of 30 and 40. Back pain becomes more common with age.Fitness level: Back pain is more common among people who are n
ably a good idea if you have numbness or tingling, if your pain is severe and doesn’t improve with medication and rest, or if you
ly, and it lingers a long time. Outlook varies greatly for chronic pain, and depends on what conditions accompany it and what tr
charge, if present, is usually white or gray; it can be thin. Women with BV may also have burning during urination or itching aro
ontains mostly "good" bacteria, and fewer "harmful" bacteria. BV develops when there is an increase in harmful bacteria.Not m
an can get BV. However, some activities or behaviors can upset the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina and put women at

ay feel like a water-filled balloon. Sometimes, the cyst may break open (rupture), causing pain, swelling, and bruising on the bac
ds up, fluid bulges into the back of the knee.Baker's cyst commonly occurs with:A tear in the meniscal cartilage of the knee Kne

rare. Most people improve with time or arthroscopic surgery.

begin later.Muscle weakness of the lower body, including the legs and pelvis area, slowly gets worse, causing:Difficulty walking
gh families (inherited). Having a family history of the condition raises your risk.Becker muscular dystrophy occurs in approximat
ly fever with cough or breathing difficulties) You are planning to start a family and you or other family members have been dia
nly need to use walking aids such as canes or braces.
ears Large size for a newborn (large for gestational age) Large, prominent eyes Large tongue, sometimes protruding Lethargy L

pears to be normal to very slightly decreased. Swelling of the tongue can cause problems with feeding and sleeping.
Bell's palsy, which vary from person to person and range in severity from mild weakness to total paralysis, may include twitchi
auses this damage, however, is unknown.Most scientists believe that a viral infection such as viral meningitis or the common co
or after age 60. It disproportionately attacks pregnant women and people who have diabetes or upper respiratory ailments su
tant to seek medical care right away and rule out this more serious condition.
nd recovery times vary. With or without treatment, most individuals begin to get better within 2 weeks after the initial onset of
lete emptying of your bladder Incontinence Needing to urinate two or more times per night Pain with urination or bloody urine
o have had their testicles removed at a young age (for example, as a result of testicular cancer) do not develop BPH.Similarly, if
long enough. A small amount of prostate enlargement is present in many men over age 40 and more than 90% of men over ag
bladder does not feel completely empty after you urinate You take medications that may cause urinary problems, like diuretics
hird week of life. The infant may gain weight normally for the first month, but then will lose weight and become irritable, and ha
ry of biliary atresia increases the likelihood of potential for having the condition. Genetically, biliary atresia is linked most frequ
he bile ducts help remove waste from the liver and carry salts that help the small intestine break down (digest) fat. In babies w

cted to improve survival.

an simply consuming large amounts of food during bingesBinge eating by itself usually leads to becoming overweight.Binge eati

ol Reckless behavior and lack of self control Binge eating, drinking, and/or drug use Poor judgment Sex with many partners (pro
ople with bipolar disorder.Types of bipolar disorder:People with bipolar disorder type I have had at least one manic episode an
n or mania You have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and your symptoms have returned or you are having any new symp
e that mania and depression are treated as early as possible.Some people stop taking the medication as soon as they feel bette
eel like you have sand or dust in your eye when you blink. Sometimes, the eyelashes may fall out.
may occur at the same time.The cause is overgrowth of the bacteria that is normally found on the skin.Allergies and lice that aff
sacea, lice, and allergies.

ically make the eyes less red and more comfortable.

a sign of:Abruptio placentae Miscarriage Placenta previa Vasa previaOther possible causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnan
have vaginal bleeding and have placenta previa (get to the hospital right away).
every day Worrying about their failure to match the physical perfection of models and celebrities Distress about their preoccup
earance is common.The cause of BDD is unknown. Theories include:A person with BDD has a genetic tendency to develop this t

States each year (5). Different types of bone cancer are more likely to occur in certain populations:Osteosarcoma occurs most
ed by cancer or by other conditions. It is important to see a doctor to determine the cause.
s. Osteosarcoma occurs more frequently in people who have had high-dose external radiation therapy or treatment with certai
ent treatments, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), a part of the National Institutes of Health, is sponsoring clinical trials in man
erms of extremes, such as either all good or all bad. Their views of other people may change quickly. A person who is looked up
o occur more often in women and among hospitalized psychiatric patients.

our child is having thoughts of suicide.

ally improve.
The slightest movement of the rib cage causes a sharp increase of pain, which makes it very difficult to breathe, and an attack i

enerally healthy individuals recover completely from pleurodynia. However, about 5% of people develop acute viral meningitis
ramps Breathing difficulty that may lead to respiratory failure Difficulty swallowing and speaking Double vision Dry mouth Nau
re they produce toxin. When eaten, even tiny amounts of this toxin can lead to severe poisoning. The foods most commonly co

hea VomitingUpright abdominal X-ray demonstrating a small bowel obstruction. Note multiple air fluid levels.
ectly but there is no structural problemParalytic ileus, also called pseudo-obstruction, is one of the major causes of bowel obstr

ponsiveness Drowsiness Eventual coma Inattention Irritability Slow thought processes Decreased movement Decreased sensati
ected brain cells, white blood cells, live and dead bacteria, and fungi collect in an area of the brain. Tissue forms around this ar
ndrome Drugs that suppress the immune system (corticosteroids or chemotherapy) Right-to-left heart shunts, usually the resul

ents may have long-term neurological problems after surgery.

usness Loss of brainstem reflexes blinking pupil dilation gag reflex
dical emergency and can result in death if left untreated.
epend on where the herniation is located in the brain and how quickly treatment is sought.If treatment is not sought death is a
ased sensation of a body area Dysfunctional movement or uncontrollable movement Speech difficulties Double vision or decre
nant), and other factors. Sometimes, tumors that start out being less invasive can become more invasive.Tumors may occur at a
hone use: There has been a great deal of debate in recent years.
possible:New, or suddenly develop stupor New, or suddenly develop vision changes New, or suddenly develop speech changes
r: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the brain Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has r
t (even if no distinct lump is felt) Skin irritation or dimpling Breast or nipple pain Nipple retraction (turning inward) Redness, sc
at bumping, bruising, or touching the breast does not cause cancer. And breast cancer is not contagious. You cannot "catch" it
or under your arm Nipple discharge or tenderness A nipple pulled back (inverted) into the breast Itching or skin changes such
se:100% of women survive breast cancer if it is detected before it starts to spread in the US (The American Cancer Society) 98%
s do not increase your risk of breast cancer. Symptoms are usually worse right before your menstrual period, and then improve
You have bruising on your breast, but did not experience any injury You have nipple discharge, especially if it is bloody or pinkis
gs that aren't real (hallucinations) Strange speech or languageThe symptoms are not due to alcohol or other drug abuse and th
unction. The person may or may not be aware of the strange behavior.This condition most often affects people in their 20s, 30s
one else, call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go immediately to the nearest emergency room.

p into increasing respiratory distress with wheezing and a "tight" wheezy cough.The infant's breathing rate may increase (tachy
us (RSV) is the most common cause. Other viruses that can cause bronchiolitis include:Adenovirus Influenza ParainfluenzaThe v
ails, or lips Develops rapid, shallow breathing Has a cold that suddenly worsens Has difficulty breathing Flares nostrils or retract

nt pain Loss of appetite Weakness Weight lossHigh fever spikes usually occur every afternoon. The name "undulant" fever is be
d animals, or if you eat or drink unpasteurized milk or cheese. Brucellosis is rare in the United States.

u develop new symptoms

(TMJ).Grinding can wear down your teeth. Grinding can be noisy enough at night to bother sleeping partners.Symptoms includ
arder to control.The cause of bruxism is not completely agreed upon, but daily stress may be the trigger in many people. Some
ariety of possible conditions can cause TMJ symptoms, from arthritis to whiplash injuries. Therefore, see your dentist for a full

Muscle pain Severe headache Seizures Smooth, painful lymph gland swelling called a bubo Commonly found in the groin, but m
that carries the plague bacteria from an infected rodent. In rare cases, you may get the disease when handling an infected anim
handling an infected animal. Risk factors for plague include a recent flea bite and exposure to rodents, especially rabbits, squirr

h rate to 50%.
kin (jaundice)
be caused by a tumor or growth pressing on the vessel, or by a clot in the vessel (hepatic vein thrombosis).Most often, it is caus

in secret. People can feel a lack of control over their eating during these episodes.Binges lead to self-disgust, which causes pur
eating pattern is abnormal and may feel fear or guilt with the binge-purge episodes.The exact cause of bulimia is unknown. Gen

who are willing and able to take part in therapy have a better chance of recovery.
nless, but can grow very rapidly.In the types commonly seen in the United States, the cancer usually starts in the belly area (abd
ly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the main cause of infectious mononucleosis. The North American form of Burkitt

ow or spinal fluid.
tiff and aching joint Swollen and red joint Increased pain when the joint is pressed on or manipulated
dy. Bursitis occurs when a bursa becomes inflamed (redness and increased fluid in the bursa).Injuries, overuse, and repetitive s
job that involves repetitive motions such as bicycling, playing baseball, gardening, or setting tiles.
ollen Joint is red or bruised, or there is a rash on the joint You experience piercing pain when you partake in physical activity Yo

er in the work week.

e dust can have an asthma -like condition after being exposed. In those with asthma, being exposed to the dust makes breathin
ortness of breath or wheezing. Smoking increases the risk for this disease.

ay be available to people with byssinosis.

Watery diarrhea, sometimes bloody
ple most often get infected by eating or drinking food or water, often raw poultry, fresh produce, or unpasteurized milk.A perso
and are unable to drink fluids due to nausea or vomiting. You have a fever above 101°F, or your child has a fever above 100.4°F

umcised men who do not keep the area under the foreskin clean and men with a history of genital warts or human papillomavi

intained even when a significant portion of the penis is removed.

ng during the day, and decreased grip strength may make it difficult to form a fist, grasp small objects, or perform other manua
ed tendons or other swelling narrows the tunnel and causes the nerve to be compressed, putting pressure on the median nerv

such as rest and anti-inflammatory medications, or if there seems to be a loss of muscle mass in your fingers
Recurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome following treatment is rare. The majority of patients recover completely.
gue Fever (in some patients) Headache Lymph node swelling near the scratch or bite Overall discomfort (malaise)Less common
broken skin or the white of the eye. About 2 - 3 weeks after becoming infected, lymph node swelling (lymphadenopathy) occu

ads to recovery.
ye Difficulty seeing at night Problems seeing shapes against a background or the difference between shades of colors Seeing ha
develop slowly and painlessly, and vision in the affected eye or eyes slowly gets worse. Some researchers suspect that a catara
alcohol use. The environment such as prolonged exposure to UV light and sunlight.
s, determine this in advance.
re common in infants and young children and may include:Abdominal bloating and pain Chronic diarrhea Vomiting Constipatio

c disease and these diseases may be genetic background. They include:Type 1 diabetes Autoimmune thyroid disease Autoimmu

able, celiac disease is manageable, if the necessary precautions and dietary guidelines are followed. Strict adherence to a glute
es, poor enunciation Tremor Weakness in the face, arms, or legs, usually affecting both sides of the body
communicate with other cells.The most common cause of central pontine myelinolysis is a quick rise in the body's sodium leve

e. Some patients with an AVM also have cerebral aneurysms. In about half of patiens with AVMs, the first symptoms are those
having the normal vessels (capillaries) between them.Arteriovenous malformations vary in size and location in the brain.An AV
eakness Other symptoms of a ruptured AVMAlso seek medical attention if you have a first-time seizure, because AVM may be t
s system (neurological) problems.AVMs that do not cause symptoms by the time people reach their late 40s or early 50s are m
n.- focal or generalized seizure- papilledema- focal neurological deficits presenting as monoparesis or hemiparesis- coma in 10%
rogen therapy/ oral contraceptives,- thrombophilia (especially antithrombin deficiency, protein C and S deficiency and factor V

disabilities. In the acute phase of CVT 5-10% of patients die. A significant number of patients suffer from chronic complications
ng Bleeding that occurs between regular menstrual periods Bleeding after sexual intercourse, douching, or a pelvic exam Mens
ancer. HPV infection and other risk factors may act together to increase the risk even more:HPV Infection:HPV is a group of viru
st reliable and effective cancer screening tests available, it also can find other conditions that might need treatment, such as in
d the right amount of calories to maintain a good weight. You also need enough protein to keep up your strength. Eating well m
have an odor Painful sexual intercourse Pain in the vagina Pressure or heaviness in the pelvisNote: There may be no symptoms,
mydia Gonorrhea Herpes virus (genital herpes) Human papilloma virus (genital warts) TrichomoniasisHowever, in a few cases it m
any sexual partners Sex (intercourse) at an early age Sexual partners who have engaged in high-risk sexual behavior or have had

devloped countries associated with crack cocaine use and prostitution. H. ducreyi is typically transmitted through sexual interco
mptoms of chancroid may include:Red bumps called papules Ulcers Swollen inguinal lymph nodes (these are lymph nodes loca
l sensation (possibly burning feeling) in the chestChronic:Cough may or may not occur Progressive disability (related to shortne
dangerous, inhaled substances include:Chlorine gas (during use of cleaning materials such as chlorine bleach, in industrial accid

curs about 10 to 21 days after coming into contact with someone who had the disease. The average child develops 250 to 500 s
preads easily to others by touching the fluids from a chickenpox blister, or if someone with chickenpox in the vicinity coughs or

n vaccinated against chickenpox.

bout 1 in 10 adults will have shingles when the virus reemerges during a period of stress.
most common symptoms are fever and joint pain. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. C
nfected mosquitoes can then spread the virus to other people through bites. Chikungunya virus is most often spread to people
s high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease. Travelers who visit the following Caribbean countries are at risk of getting Chi
reased urine output Any bleeding under the skin or through any orifice Incessant vomiting
ver fully, but in some cases joint pain may persist for several months, or even years. Once a person has been infected, he or she
Loss of language or communication skills Loss of motor skills Loss of social skills Problems forming relationships with other chi
cation skills Nonverbal behaviors Skills they had already learnedThe condition is similar to autistic disorder.

nsation during urination Discharge from the penis or rectum Testicular tenderness or pain Rectal discharge or painOnly about 3
who fail to utilize condoms consistency and effectively are at highest risk.
be screened periodically for the infection.
Abdominal painLoss of appetite / weight lossFeverLight colored stools/dark urineNausea or vomitingOther health problems ma
the time they are found.A cholangiocarcinoma may start anywhere along the bile ducts. These tumors block off the bile ducts.
t patients who have chronic inflammation of the bile duct such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, ulcerative colitis, bile duct sto
soon as possible:Severe abdominal pain Hyperpyrexia
by surgery The stage of the cancer The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred
n may move the back or below the right shoulder bladeFever and chills Clay-colored stools Dark urine Nausea and vomiting Yel
g this condition may also spread to the liver.
a worm or parasite infection

n Excessive thirst Glassy or sunken eyes Lack of tears Lethargy Low urine output Nausea Rapid dehydration Rapid pulse Sunken
e diarrhea. Cholera occurs in places with poor sanitation, crowding, war, and famine. Common locations for cholera include:Af
a Displacement of large numbers of people following a natural disaster (e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes, refugee camps, etc.)
ars Rapid pulse Reduced or no urine Sunken eyes Thirst Unusual sleepiness or tiredness

part of the abdomen Yellow skin or eyes

rictures) Stones in the common bile duct Pancreatitis Pancreatic tumor or pseudocyst Pressure on an organ due to a nearby ma

an be placed to open areas of the common bile duct that are narrowed or blocked by cancers.
ay cause muscle wasting at the site of the tumor.
er time. The pain can get worse with exercise, or at night. The symptoms can also include a painful hard lump over the area of t
certain individuals. Chondrosarcoma has also been seen to occur more frequently in persons who have had radiation therapy
n the hands, but can also occur in other sites of the body. Osteochondromas - benign tumors that arise near the growth plate o

lude:Irregular vaginal bleeding Ovarian cysts Uneven swelling of the uterus Pain
ancer may develop after a normal pregnancy; however, it is most often associated with a complete hydatidiform mole.The abno

ne of more of the following events occur:Disease has spread to the liver or brain Pregnancy hormone (HCG) level is greater than
ms in between episodes, or they may experience mild symptoms all the time.Symptoms may include:Blood in the urine Decrea
t infection that often returns (is recurrent) UrethritisThe most common bacteria species that cause chronic prostatitis include:E
nus) These factors may cause congestion of the prostate gland, which produces a breeding ground for bacteria.Other possible c

al infection Fatigue Fever -- usually low Shortness of breath worsened by exertion or mild activity WheezingEven after acute bro
gh with mucus most days of the month for at least 3 months. Chronic bronchitis is one type of chronic obstructive pulmonary d

ou have a low-grade fever for 3 or more days You have thick, greenish mucus, especially if it has a bad smell You feel short of b
r a number of months.The chance for recovery is poor for persons with advanced chronic bronchitis. Early recognition and trea
in may: Spread to the back or below the right shoulder blade Worsened by eating fatty or greasy foodsOther symptoms that m
of the gallbladder walls. The gallbladder begins to shrink and eventually loses the ability to perform its function, which is conce
nce or development of gallstones Race: Native Americans have a higher rate of gallstones

ou may have more symptoms.Symptoms are usually worse right before your menstrual period and improve after your period st
enstruation each month.Up to half of women have this problem at some time during their life. It is most common between the
loody or clearYou have redness or puckering of the skin, or flattening or indentation of the nipple
east cancer. Symptoms usually improve after menopause.
om some causes can result in serious nutritional disorders and malnutrition. Severely immunocompromised persons, including
ea not caused by an infection is not spread to other people.
oms of CFS last for 6 months or more.The main symptom of CFS is extreme tiredness (fatigue), which is:New Lasts at least 6 mo
owever, no specific virus has been identified as the cause Inflammation in the nervous system, because of a faulty immune sys
e serious disorders can cause similar symptoms and should be ruled out.
ear.Some patients never feel like they did before they developed CFS. Studies suggest that you are more likely to get better if yo
ness and fatigue Weight loss Fever and infection Night sweats Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or g
t some herbicides and insecticides used in farming may increase the risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Family history: Epidem
al care as soon as possible:Hyperpyrexia Severe infection Severe abdominal pain
marrow, whether the chronic lymphocytic leukemia progresses to lymphoma or prolymphocytic leukemia.Treatment response
uent respiratory infections, and wheezing. Since the symptoms of COPD develop slowly, some people may be unaware that the
ever get COPD.In rare cases, nonsmokers who lack a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin can develop emphysema.
cooking gas without proper ventilation

ath with most activities and will be admitted to the hospital more often. These patients should talk with their doctor about the
he abdomen or diaphragm)People can hold off these symptoms for a short period of time, but they feel a sense of relief when t
ient tic disorder.Chronic tics may be forms of Tourette syndrome.
omething more serious (such as a seizure), call your health care provider.
scence.When the disorder begins in older children and continues into the 20s, it may become a life-long condition
iggering agents, and are responsible for developing disease. Genetics may also play a role.
asthma and allergic manifestations.
vere abdominal pain Blood in urine severe urticarial rashThe above symptoms may also present in association with other diseas
od. Studies have shown that most people who receive and cyclophosphamide are doing much better. However, the disease rela
e in appetite, often with weight gain or loss Tiredness and lack of energy Feelings of worthlessness, self-hate, and guilt Difficult
develop depression, a stressful or unhappy life event usually triggers the depression.Many factors can cause depression, includ
t there You cry often without cause Your depression has affected your work, school, or family life for longer than 2 weeks You h
Blood or pus in the stool Sepsis(infection that spreads through the blood) or a perforation (a hole) in the intestines.
tines. This is what leads to symptoms of C. diff. infection.

ally start 5 to 21 days after being exposed to the fungus. They include:Change in mental status Chest pain (can vary from mild to
et it by breathing in fungal particles from soil. The infection starts in the lungs. There are three forms of coccidioidomycosis: ac

ment, the outcome is usually good for chronic or severe disease (although relapses may occur). People with disseminated disea
een red and green Trouble telling the difference between blue and yellow Inability to tell the difference between shades of the
are found in the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye. If you are missing just one pigment, you m
t only 0.5 percent of females, are color blind in some way or another, whether it be one color, a color combination, or another
d) have color blindness.
obs, they may not be able to get a job that requires color vision. For example, a pilot needs to be able to see color
hanges in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool that lasts for more than a few daysCramping, ab
Person with a history of adenomatous polyps (adenomas) is at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, especially with la
le:Severe abdominal pain, severe abdominal distension, and stopping defecation: The reason of a person with colorectal cance
morLocation of the tumor in the colrectalWhether the cancer has distant spreadPatients's general healthWhether cancer remai
he most common cold symptoms are as followings:Nasal congestion Runny nose Scratchy throat SneezingAdults and older child
re than any other types of illness. Colds are the most common reason that children miss school and parents miss work. Parents

st cold symptoms usually go away within a week. If you still feel sick after 7 days, see your doctor to rule out conditions include

better over time Begins at the point of injury, but often spreads to the whole limb, or to the arm or leg on the opposite side of
d by a triggering of the immune response, which leads to the inflammatory symptoms of redness, warmth, and swelling in the a

ion) and normal movement is possible.If the condition is not diagnosed quickly, changes to the bone and muscle may get worse
les without obvious reason Cruel or aggressive behavior toward people or animals (for example: bullying, fighting, using dange
re common among boys.It is hard to know how common the disorder is, because many of the qualities needed to make the dia
y aggressiveEarly treatment may help.
od and drug abuse disorders.
wollen tongue Hoarse cry Low muscle tone Cold intolerance Persistent constipation Fatigue and weakness Little to no growth W
or abnormal formation of thyroid hormonesIncomplete development of the thyroid is the most common defect and occurs in a

s or procedures
better outcome the baby will be.
ess in the affected area Redness or swelling in the affected area
er causes abnormal blood clotting.About 1 out of every 300 people has one normal gene and one faulty gene for protein C defi

ght Mental retardation Seizures Small head size Skin rash at birth
h month, the mother's rubella infection is less likely to harm the developing baby.The number of babies born with congenital ru

tem is permanent.
 palms and soles Later rash - copper-colored, flat or bumpy rash on the face, palms, and soles Rash of the mouth, genitalia, and
ll children infected with syphilis while they are in the womb die shortly before or after birth.Despite the fact that this disease ca
ming pregnant), call your health care provider immediately.
es who become infected when passing through the birth canal have a better outlook.
ary based on the specific type of conjunctivitis:Allergic conjunctivitis: Main article: Allergic conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis i
conjunctivitis) Bacteria Certain diseases Chemical exposure Chlamydia Fungi Parasites (rarely) Use of contact lenses (especially
develop both bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, however bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in young children. Additionally

does not find any physical cause for the symptoms.

t risk for a conversion disorder if they also have a medical illness, dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder.It is important

ye pain Eye redness Impaired vision Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Watery eyes White patch on the cornea Signs of anterior
nea than a healthy one, a corneal ulcer is more likely to occur after some type of injury or trauma to the eye (e.g. tiny scratches
neal ulcers are a common condition in humans, particularly those living in the tropics and in agrarian societies.In developing co

ed corneal ulcers may also perforate the eye (cause holes), resulting in the spread of the infection inside, increasing the risk of
e progresses.Symptoms include:Poor coordination, Akinesia (an absence of movements), Rigidity (a resistance to imposed move

the head and mouth Curly, thin hair Wide, short nose Deep, hoarse voice Loose, soft skin Increased pigmentation A large amou
s have resulted from new mutations, however, and occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.Geneticists b
er, depending on the genetic make-up of the parents, siblings of people with Costello syndrome may be at risk for the conditio
of HRAS, the only gene currently known to be associated with Costello syndrome, detects missense mutations in 80%-90% of i
ptoms by increasing the pressure on the brainHeadache Balance disorder Nausea and vomitingSymptoms by disrupting the func

st and urination, or poor growth in a child.

neurological deficits and hormonal imbalances caused by the tumor and the treatment The patient’s general health
utures Unusual head shape Slow or no increase in the head size over time as the baby grows
stosis. The hereditary form often occurs with other defects that can cause seizures, diminished intellectual capacity, and blindn

lly those whose condition is not associated with a genetic syndrome.

f coordination (for example, stumbling and falling) Muscle twitching Muscle stiffness Myoclonic jerks or seizures Nervous, jump
re are several types of CJD. The disorder is very rare, occurring in about 1 out of 1 million people. It usually first appears betwee
and give families additional time to come to terms with the condition.
ort time, usually within 8 months, but a few people survive as long as 1 or 2 years after diagnosis.The cause of death is usually in
tion Partial webbing or fusing of fingers or toes Single line in the palm of the hand (simian crease) Skin tags just in front of the
se) is involved in control of cell growth, and may play a role in how some of the features of this syndrome develop.Most cases
nthal folds, an extra fold of skin over the inner corner of the eye Incompletely or abnormally folded external earsGenetic tests
ike cry becomes less apparent over time.

ved from the body. Without this enzyme, bilirubin can build up in the body and lead to jaundice (yellow discoloration of skin an
carriers (with just one defective gene) have about half the enzyme activity of a normal adult.

he main symptoms of Crohn's disease are:Crampy abdominal (belly area) pain Fever Fatigue Persistent, watery diarrheaOther s
at protect people from infection. The most popular theory is that the body’s immune system reacts abnormally in people with C

ptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment You are already diagnosed with Crohn's disease and you develop new symp
ications long-term to try to keep the disease symptoms from returning. If you stop or change your medications for any reason,
evident. As the cough gets more frequent, the child may have labored breathing or stridor (a harsh, crowing noise made during
oup is usually caused by human parainfluenza virus, but RSV, measles, adenovirus, and influenza can all cause croup as well.
populated regions People traveling to and from developing countries People without an influenza vaccine
sting or inhaled object The child has bluish lips or skin color The child is drooling The child is having trouble swallowingDependi
pt treatment of symptoms. For milder cases, prognosis is good even if absence of treatment. For more severe cases, prompt tre
latively slender arms and legs Children tend to be obese with slowed growth rates.Other signs appear in the skin, which becom
take glucocorticoids—steroid hormones that are chemically similar to naturally produced cortisol—such as prednisone for asth
disorder, major depression, or maniaSymptoms are persistent, with no more than 2 symptom-free months in a row
mood disorders share similar causes.Cyclothymia usually begins early in life. It appears to be equally common in men and wom
ocial life.Seek immediate help if you or a loved one is having thoughts of suicide.
disappear with time.
venue to complain when an AFD is closed out of process and the history is removed, then the deletion review is closed out of p
Pain or burning with urination Pressure or cramping in the lower abdomen (usually middle) or back Strong need to urinate ofte
he infection can spread to the kidneys.Most of the time, your body can get rid of these bacteria when you urinate. However, so
Enlarged prostate, narrowed urethra, or anything that blocks the flow of urine Loss of bowel control (bowel incontinence) Old
y fever, back pain, stomach pain, or vomiting

ness Pneumonia Diarrhea Bleeding ulcers in the esophagus (windpipe) or intestines Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) Se
an transplantation.
d by it. Thus,it can be seen the pregnant and newborn babies.

an transplants Respiratory droplets Saliva Sexual contact Urine Tears Most people come into contact with CMV in their lifetime
(usually more alert in the morning, less alert at night) Changes in feeling (sensation) and perception Changes in level of conscio
eprive the brain of oxygen or other substances.Causes include:Alcohol or sedative drug withdrawal Drug abuse Electrolyte or ot

irium often lasts only about 1 week, although it may take several weeks for mental function to return to normal levels.Full reco
y, and can include:Body tremors Changes in mental function: Agitation, irritability Confusion, disorientation Decreased attentio
o be caused by head injury, infection, or illness in people with a history of heavy alcohol use.It is most common in people who

e skills (such as calculation, abstract thinking, or judgment)Dementia usually first appears as forgetfulness.Mild cognitive impair
urned back. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia.Lewy body disease is a leading cause of dementia in eld
gton's disease Pick's disease Progressive supranuclear palsy Brain tumors Brain infection
soon as possible:Stupor Mania
y of life and lifespan.
the brain that control particular aspects of memory and motor control.Researchers don’t know exactly why alpha-synuclein ac
r other anti-psychotics given) Person has rigid, false beliefs that can’t be changed by convincing Unexplained loss of consciousn
e are no known therapies to stop or slow the progression of DLB.Average survival after the time of diagnosis is similar to that in
uffering abuse, to stay in a relationship.Symptoms of dependent personality disorder may include:Avoiding being alone Avoidin
is equally common in men and women.

negatively. They can't imagine that any problem or situation can be solved in a positive way.Some or all of these symptoms of
tress that occurs with it The influence of sex hormones Independence conflicts with parentsIt may also be a reaction to a distur
vider right away if you notice one or more of these suicide warning signs:Giving possessions to others Personality change Risk t
d teens will keep having problems with depression as adults.
appetite loss, and trouble sleeping can be part of the aging process or a physical illness. As a result, early depression may be ig
from home to an apartment or retirement facility Chronic pain Feelings of isolation or loneliness as children move away and th
our life and want to be referred for talk therapy.Go to the nearest emergency room or call your local emergency number (such
s to social services, family, and friends who can help them stay active and engaged.
ome. The pain may be sudden or gradual, and may spread further into the thumb or the forearm. Tenderness and swelling aro
can be prevented byAvoid to overuse or eccentrical load on the wrist. Stretching may help you improve muscle flexibility.
w mother is at risk of developing DeQuervain's syndrome. Eccentrical load on the wrist, activities such as lowering a child or putti

ms include:Clumsiness Delays in sitting up, crawling, and walking Problems with sucking and swallowing during first year of life
n unsteady walk Run into other children Trip over their own feetDevelopmental coordination disorder may occur alone or with

lar symptoms.
storage and release of ADH. Damage to the pituitary gland can be caused by different diseases as well as by head injuries, neur
he gene on to their children.

may get worse over a period of days or weeks.Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:Dysfunctional movement Loss o
onsciousnessThe buildup of ketones in the body (ketoacidosis) may also occur. However, it is unusual and often mild.This conditi
especially in patients with dementia or who are bedbound) Older age Poor kidney function Poor management of diabetes -- not
glycemic hyperosmolar syndrome.

mouth Flushed face Frequent urination Stomach pain Fatigue Loss of appetite Weakness or fatigue Confusion, stupor that may p
inside the cell. This situation prompts the release of certain hormones that break down fat. The breakdown of fat produces ket
th type 2 diabetes who suffer a severe illness are at risk for diabetic ketoacidosis.
s soon as possible:Vomiting or nausea Shortness of breath or fruity breath Decreased consciousness or mental stupor
han the young. Whether complications, such as heart attack, renal failure and hypokalemia occur.

ter fish that contain fish tapeworm cysts. The infection is seen in many areas where humans eat uncooked or undercooked fish
but has been reported in Uganda and Chile. Fish infected with Diphyllobothrium larvae may be transported to and consumed i

ult of injury. When the patella is dislocated, it slips out of the joint and around the knee region.
ecap around the joint, and that it may slide around every once in a while.

make sure that you do not re-injure the knee.

his disorder appears by itself or along with other learning disabilities, such as:Developmental coordination disorder Expressive

ons) Lack of motivation Seeing or hearing things that aren't there (hallucinations) Strange or silly behavior Speech that makes n

0s, around the time processed foods were introduced into the American diet. Consumption of processed foods greatly reduced

ople do not have symptoms, diverticulosis is often found through tests ordered for another ailment. For example, diverticulosis
nal area. Small, beefy-red bumps appear on the genitals or around the anus. The skin gradually wears away, and the bumps tur
outheast India, Guyana, and New Guinea. However, it can sometimes occur in the United States, typically in the Southeast. The
s of donovanosis

against the red blood cells. The antibodies attach to red blood cells and cause them to break down too early.Drugs that can cau

s erythemathosus.Fatigue and weakness Low fever Muscle pain Joint pain Loss of appetite Facial butterfly rash Sensitivity to sun
pus:Procainamide Hydralazine Quinidine Chlorpromazine Isoniazid Methyldopa Penicillamine Sulfasalazine

stopping the medication that caused the condition.

me) Muscle weaknessBegins in the legs and pelvis, but also occurs less severely in the arms, neck, and other areas of the body
se much more slowly.Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a defective gene for dystrophin (a protein in the muscles). Ho
th cough or breathing difficulties

pain Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Loss of appetite Loss of weight Bleeding from the intestine Intestinal obstruction: rarelyOt
atory agents (NSAIDs) Stress Irritative diet Alcohol abuse H. pylori or giardia infection
ossible:Severe stomach pain Bleeding from the intestine
nderlying cause of the duodenitis.
nd copying numbers Problems counting and adding numbers, often making simple mistakes Difficulty telling the difference betw
ay appear with:Developmental coordination disorder Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder Reading disorder

riods Menstrual periods may be less than 28 days (more common) or more than 35 days apart Time between menstrual period
34 days apart), and lasts 4 - 7 days.The menstrual cycle of young girls who are just starting to have their periods can range from

e week late, and you have been sexually active.Also call your doctor if:Self-care measures don't relieve your pain after 3 month
depressed and may last for at least 1 year.In addition, two or more of the following symptoms will be present almost all of the
opulation.Many people with dysthymia have a long-term medical problem or another mental health disorder, such as anxiety,
or someone you know develops these symptoms, which are signs of a suicide risk:Giving away belongings, or talking about goin
t.Although it is not as severe as major depression, dysthymia symptoms can affect a person's ability to function in their family,
e foot to pull up or drag; this may occur "out of the blue" or may occur after running or walking some distance. the neck may t
ry dystonia, results from environmental or disease-related damage to the basal ganglia. Birth injury (particularly due to lack of o
ary dystonia may have different types of hereditary patterns. Knowing the pattern of inheritance can help families understand

Initially, dystonic movements are intermittent and appear only during voluntary movements or stress. Later, individuals may sh
ee have been reported to cause disease in humans: Ebola-Zaire virus, Ebola-Sudan virus, and Ebola-Ivory Coast virus. The huma
ons, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals. In Africa, infection has occurred through the handling of infected chimpan
back pain Headache Arthritis Sore throat Vomiting Diarrhea Nausea Skin rashLate symptoms include:Impaired kidney function
for patients with Ebola Family members or close contacts of infected people People who have close contact with the body of a
person who is known or suspected to have Ebola and is beginning to show symptoms Has been exposed to Ebola fever Develo

t of the abdomen Bloody sputum Chest pain Cough Fever Severe skin itching
ever, it has been reported in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah.Humans become infected when they swallow eggs in co

unds per week Headaches Nausea and vomiting Stomach pain Swelling of the hands and face Vision problems
 Diet GenesHowever, no theories have yet been proven.Eclampsia follows preeclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy t

decreased consciousness.

abdomen or pelvic areaIf the area of the abnormal pregnancy ruptures and bleeds, symptoms may get worse. They may include
rough which the egg passes from the ovary to the uterus (fallopian tube). However, in rare cases, ectopic pregnancies can occu

opic pregnancy if you are able to get pregnant (fertile) and are sexually active, even if you use birth control.
e women do not become pregnant again.The likelihood of a successful pregnancy depends on:The woman's age Whether she h
(micrognathia) Underdeveloped fingernails Undescended testicle Unusual shaped chest (pectus carinatum)
milies understand the condition, the risks of inheriting it, and how to care for the patient.
ical and developmental problems.
st has hyperresonant percussion notes, particularly just above the liver, and a difficult to palpate apex beat, both due to hyperi

y the alveolar tissue. Most A1AD patients do not develop clinically significant emphysema, but smoking and severely decreased

itary gland function. For more information, see hypopituitarism.Symptoms include:Erectile dysfunction (impotence) Headaches
ans "Turkish saddle."When the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, it cannot be seen on MRI scans, giving the appeara

easiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Shortness of breath Weight loss (unintentional)

fluid. This fluid puts pressure on the lungs.Risk factors include:Bacterial pneumonia Chest surgery Lung abscess Trauma or injury

rainage. However, most people fully recover from empyema.

ptoms may be similar to those of other illnesses, including:Fever that is not very high Mild headache Low energy and a poor ap
vere case.Encephalitis is most often caused by a viral infection. Many types of viruses may cause it. Exposure to viruses can occu

acute phase normally lasts for 1 - 2 weeks. Fever and symptoms gradually or suddenly disappear. Some people may take sever
ovements Constipation and hard stools Occasional passage of very large stool that almost blocks up the toilet
mi-liquid stool around the impacted stool. Leakage of stool may occur during the day or night. There are rarely physical causes o

or painful urination and pain during sexual intercourse. Since other conditions may cause the same symptoms, you should alwa
ancer are more likely to have more advanced disease at diagnosis, and are more likely to die from endometrial cancer than wh
important if you have any associated risk factors or if you have not had routine pelvic exams.Any of the following symptoms sh
read is 95%. If the cancer has spread to distant organs, the 5-year survival rate drops to 23%.
0 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit) General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Lower abdominal or pelvic pain (uterine pa
er miscarriage or childbirth, especially after a long labor or c-section.A medical procedure that involves entering the uterus thro
baby, miscarriage, abortion, IUD placement, or any surgery involving the uterus.
tion, and general health.
in around the anus, from constant scratching Loss of appetite and weight (uncommon, but can occur in severe infections)
orm eggs are spread directly from person to person. They can also be spread by contamination of household items with the eg
ac disease There is a male gender predilection.
ensive workup done and rule out intestinal lymphoma.

may be more severe in younger children and require hospitalization. Children may have:Difficulty breathing Wheezing or worsen
ratory tract when an infected person sneezes of coughs. This form of transmission may last for 1 to 3 weeks. Other bodily fluids
y sick and require hospitalization following enterovirus 68 infection.
ch as difficulty breathing, wheezing, severe cough, and very high fever should be investigated by your health care provider.

ead to a severe infection of the lungs (pneumonia) requiring hospitalization, and very rarely leading to death.
xia Neck pain Cranial nerve palsies Seizures Focal neurologic deficits. Back pain Lower extremity weakness Bowel and bladder d

uently afflicted with ependymal tumors.Increased occurrence of chromosome 1q and proteins such as tenascin C and epiderma
Blood in the semen Discharge from penis Fever Groin pain Pain with intercourse or ejaculation Pain with urination (dysuria) Scro
tion in young heterosexual men are gonorrhea and chlamydia. In children and older men,E. coli and similar infections are much
D Sexual partner with a diagnosed STDRisk factors for epididymoorchitis not due to an STD include:Being older than age 45 Lon
sudden pain in the testicle.
mpletely return to normal after treatment, further testing to rule out testicular cancer should be done. If not treated, or in som
injury (even without loss of consciousness).The typical pattern of symptoms that indicate an extradural hemorrhage is loss of
the membrane covering the brain is not as firmly attached to the skull as it is in older people.An extradural hemorrhage occurs
on before help arrives, try to keep his or her neck still.Call your health care provider if symptoms persist after treatment, includ
ability remains.
ng) Drooling Difficulty breathing (patient may need to sit upright and lean slightly forward to breathe) Difficulty swallowing Voi
od from entering the airways, so you don't cough or choke after swallowing.Epiglottitis is swelling of the epiglottis, which leads

) after you are infected with E. coli. It usually takes a 5-7 days before you are better. Symptoms of gastroenteritis caused by E. c
trointestinal tract in all humans, the strains that cause enteritis are different from the strains that normally inhabit the gastroin
owing symptoms:Dysphagia: This is the most common symptom of esophageal cancer. It causes problems swallowing, with the
exist: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. These two types look different microscopically.Squamous cell esophagea
(GERD): In some people, acid can reflex from the stomach into the esophagus. This disease is called Gastroesophageal reflux d
gent medical care as soon as possible:Severe dysphagia: Esophageal cancer causes problems swallowing and eventually may pr
gus, invades the whole esophagus, or has spread to other places in the body.The patient’s general health

me. It is usually kept in check by your immune system and other types of germs that also normally live in your mouth. However
t causes food stagnation there are highly vulnerable to esophageal candidiasis.

rtburn (acid reflux) Hoarseness Sore throat

toimmune disorder called eosinophilic esophagitis also causes this condition. Esophageal infection may be due to fungi, yeast (e
certain medications without plenty of water especially alendronate, tetracycline, doxycycline, and vitamins VomitingPersons w

(prolonged) from surgical procedures or tooth removal Dizziness and headaches Easy bruising and nosebleeds (epistaxis) Num
normally, bleeding is a common problem.The disease is part of a group of conditions known as myeloproliferative disorders. Ot
bness, or other new symptoms.
rom bleeding and blood clots can cause serious problems.In rare cases, the disease can change into acute leukemia or myelofib
lytic anemia the following may be found:Fatigue Pale skin color Shortness of breath Rapid heartbeat Yellow/jaundice colored e
akness and tiredness that don't go away Pain, swelling or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
ormal cells. These abnormal cells can spread to almost any other part of the body. Most of the time, doctors can't determine w
nd some are nonmodifiable. Having the risk factor doesn't always mean that you will get the disease but it certainly increases y
oop, paralysis in one side Difficulty closing one eye and difficulty with fine movements of the face Difficulty making expressions
uch as Ramsey-Hunt syndrome Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus Tumors, such as acoustic neuroma, schwannoma,

d by tumors is poorer than other causes. The severity of facial nerve injuries Whether the patient is treated early or not: Early t
han 3rd percentile (as outlined in standard growth charts) or 20% below the ideal weight for their height.Growing may have slo
to lack the usual changes that occur at puberty. However, there is a wide variation in normal growth and development.In gener

rive is prolonged, the effects may be long lasting, and normal growth and development may not be achieved.
vers that usually peak in 12 to 24 hours. Attacks may vary in severity of symptoms. Patients are usually symptom -free between
affects people of Mediterranean ancestry, especially non-Ashkenazi (Sephardic) Jews, Armenians, and Arabs, although people f

n to person.
n breathlessness Fever Petechial rash Headache Restlessness Disorientation, confusion, seizures, stupor, even coma Renal dysf
al lipid infusion
s, joint reconstruction or liposuction, or have the history of diabetes mellitus, tell you doctor as soon as possible when the follo
ent is accompanied with complications such as respiratory failure, neurological damages.
r reasons. With the disease developing, patients may experience:Fatigue and weakness Abdominal discomfort or abdominal pa

ll progress to cirrhosis.Template:WH Template:WS

oor coordination Delayed development and significant functional problems in three or more major areas: thinking, speech, mo
man drinks alcohol, it easily passes across the placenta to the fetus. Because of this, drinking alcohol can harm the baby's deve
you are drinking alcohol in any amount while you are pregnant or trying to get pregnant.
d children with fetal alcohol syndrome have many different problems, which can be difficult to manage.Children do best if diag
ms for uterine fibroids include:Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods Abnormal bleeding between menstrual periods Pelvic pain

oids. They are usually found in women in their 30s and 40s and typically shrink in size after menopause. Fibroids are two to five
sible:A large amount of bleeding from the vagina
ne fibroid) may be performed to remove fibroids that interfere with fertility in women who want to become pregnant. Hysterec

ther the cancer has spread outside the ovaries Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred The patient’ s gene

., saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus) of infected persons before the onset of rash, when they appear to "just have a cold." The viru
ty in childhood. The disease is not very serious unless the person infected has conditions (problems with immune system, preg
olve without long-term disability. Parvovirus B19 infection may cause a serious illness in persons with sickle-cell disease or simi

nflammation of the lymphatics

perstans Mansonella streptocerca Onchocerca volvulus Wuchereria bancrofti
e the disease is common are at the greatest risk for infection.

roduce DNA, the building block of the human body, which carries genetic information.Folic acid is a type of B vitamin. It is wate
mp, or swelling in the neck Pain in the front of the neck Hoarseness or other voice changes Trouble swallowing Breathing prob
icular thyroid cancer. Other risk factors are a family history of follicular thyroid cancer and chronic goiter.
hyroid cancers are more common in areas where people's diets are low in iodine. Radiation: Scientists have proven that radiatio
hyroid gland Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The patient ’s general health
r two or three days; blisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of stringy or foamy saliva and to drooling; and bli
accidents. Because the virus that causes FMD is sensitive to stomach acid, it cannot spread to humans via consumption of infe
bile ducts are often called a gallbladder “attack” because they occur suddenly. Gallbladder attacks often follow fatty meals, and
ge 60 American Indians Mexican Americans Overweight or obese men and women People who fast or lose a lot of weight quick

%) who have gallbladder surgery do not have their symptoms return.

sensation. The edges of the infected area grow so quickly that changes can be seen over a few minutes. The area may be comp
oup A streptococcus. Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio vulnificus can cause similar infections. Clostridium is found most everyw
he emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911), if you have symptoms of gas gangrene.

are: Astrovirus Enteric adenovirus Norovirus (also called Norwalk-like virus). It is common among school-age children. Rotavirus

as these symptoms:Blood in the stool Confusion Dizziness Dry mouth Feeling faint Nausea No tears when crying No urine for 8

re rejected by their peers, feel alone Believe that they will grow up to become the opposite sex Have depression or anxiety Say
y of feminine or masculine mannerisms, behavior, and dress Self-conceptGender identity disorder is not the same as homosex

h as family or relationship problems, work issues, money, health, and other problems.Even when aware that their worries or fe
this disorder, even kids. Most people with the disorder report that they have been anxious for as long as they can remember.G

ation of medication and behavioral therapy.

h as family or relationship problems, work issues, money, health, and other problems.Even when aware that their worries or fe
this disorder, even kids. Most people with the disorder report that they have been anxious for as long as they can remember.G

ation of medication and behavioral therapy.

appetite Low-grade fever Stomach or abdominal cramps Swollen or distended abdomen Upset stomach or nausea VomitingTh
n be contracted by drinking water from lakes or streams where water-dwelling animals such as beavers and muskrats, or dome
ple more likely to become infected include:Children in child care settings, especially diaper-aged children Close contacts (for exa

do not stop easily Prolonged bleeding with minor injuries

m blood clots.The condition is congenital, which means it is present from birth. There are several genetic abnormalities that ca

leeding disorder should avoid taking aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and na
ily bruising (76.6%) Nosebleeds that do not stop easily (62.5%) Bleeding gums (56.4%) Prolonged bleeding with minor injuries (
cause of acquired Glanzmann's thrombasthenia It can be produced in the of following conditions:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
:Autoimmune diseases such as Lupus Drugs: Anti-thrombotic drugs use, like abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban which all ant

sion Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision (also called tunnel vision)Angle-closure glaucomaSymptoms may come and go at fir
n understanding the causes of this disease:The front part of the eye is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor. This fluid i
duals at a higher risk of developing glaucoma include:African Americans over age 40. Everyone over age 60, especially Mexican
h care provider if you have risk factors for glaucoma and have not been screened for the condition.
aries by type: Open-angle glaucoma With good care, most patients with open-angle glaucoma can manage their condition and
(edema) of the face, eyes, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomenSymptoms may also include the following:Abdominal pain Blood in the
meruli causes blood and protein to be lost in the urine. The condition may develop quickly and kidney function is lost within we
as strep infections, viruses, heart infections, or abscessesMany conditions cause or increase the risk for glomerulonephritis, inc

unction End-stage kidney diseaseIf you have nephrotic syndrome and it can be controlled, you may also be able to control othe
ymptoms are more common in men and may include:Dark urine Enlarged spleen Fatigue Pallor Rapid heart rate Shortness of b
s work properly.Too little G6PD leads to the destruction of red blood cells. This process is called hemolysis. When this process is
a family history of the deficiency
G6PD deficiency and symptoms do not disappear after treatment.

gle small nodule to large neck lump. A tight feeling in your throat Cough Hoarseness Difficulty swallowing Shortness of breath F
and not getting enough iodine in the diet are at high risk of goiter. Female gender: Studies demonstrate that women are more

s, such as Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease and iodine deficiency.

t other joints of the feet, ankles, knees, hands and wrists can also be involved. The joint hurts more when you touch it. Intense
hrooms and herring. Medications such as hydrochlorothiazide, niacin, aspirin, cyclosporine, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, and

ing and other minor trauma.

wel movements Goiter Heat intolerance Increased appetite Increased sweating Insomnia Menstrual irregularities in women Mu
es thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which control body metabolism. Controlling metabolism is critical for regulating mo
stress are involved.Graves’ disease usually occurs in people younger than age 40 and is five to 10 times more common in wome
treatment.Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symptoms of hyperthyroidi
without breathingIrregular heart rate - may be fast or extremely slow Lethargy Pale appearance (pallor) with cold skin Poor feed
erium Streptococcus agalactiae, which is commonly called group B strep or GBS.A newborn with septicemia is very sick.GBS is c
4 degrees F) during labor Mother who has group B streptococcus in her gastrointestinal, reproductive, or urinary tract Prematu
of this condition, seek immediate emergency medical help or call the local emergency number (such as 911).Parents should pa

without breathingIrregular heart rate - may be fast or extremely slow Lethargy Pale appearance (pallor) with cold skin Poor feed
erium Streptococcus agalactiae, which is commonly called "group B strep" or GBS. A newborn with septicemia is very sick.GBS i
of this condition, seek immediate emergency medical help or call the local emergency number (such as 911).Parents should pa

n adult body.Growth hormone deficiency in children Many children with growth hormone deficiency grow normally until the ag
tumor Head injury or trauma Ischemic or hemorrhagic infarction from low blood pressure (Sheehan syndrome), or hemorrhage

nce may be for the child. Patients' reaction to growth hormone replacement therapy: Some children get good reactions to grow
days is also common. {{#ev:youtube|opA_X34IoWk}}Muscle weakness or the loss of muscle function (paralysis) affects both si
syndrome may occur at any age, but is most common in people of both sexes between ages 30 and 50.It often follows a minor i
ason, and true “clusters” of cases of GBS are very unusual. If you have concerns about the number of GBS cases in your area, no
wallowing Fainting Loss of movement
t 30% of patients still have some weakness after 3 years. Mild weakness may persist for some people.A patient's outcome is mo
H. influenzae disease are:Pneumonia (lung infection) Fever and chills Cough Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Sweatin
n-identifiable types (called nontypeable). The one that people are most familiar with is H. influenzae type b, or Hib. These bact
ymph glands Weakness Weight loss
can lead to low numbers of normal blood cells.The cause of this disease is unknown. It affects men more often than women. T
ct to live 10 years or longer after diagnosis.
phetamines, heroin, ketamine, and alcohol. Delirium or dementia (visual hallucinations are most common) Epilepsy that involve
ditions that can cause hallucinations may quickly become emergencies.A person who begins to hallucinate may become nervo

ng with, and at the same rate as, the organ from whose tissue they are made, and, unlike cancerous tumors, only rarely invade
 nclude:Smoking. The nodule size has grown compared to earlier x-rays. A CT scan suggests the lesion is malignant (cancerous).

e neck to look swollen. The enlarged gland, called a goiter, may create a feeling of fullness in the throat but is usually not painfu
ed by a reaction of the immune system against the thyroid gland. The disease begins slowly. It may take months or even years f
monly appears between 40 and 60 years of age. Hashimoto’s disease tends to run in families. Scientists are working to identify t
oms may include the following:Oral cavity. A white or red patch on the gums, tongue, or lining of the mouth; a swelling of the ja
ancers, particularly those of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. Eighty-five percent of head and neck cancer

h advanced disease. Cure rates decrease in locally advanced cases, whose probability of cure is inversely related to tumor size
abdomen Blurry vision Nosebleed or other bleeding that won't stop easily (rare) Seizures or convulsions (rare)
ere preeclampsia or eclampsia.Most often HELLP develops before the pregnancy is 37 weeks along. Sometimes it can develop in
cy roomAlthough there is no known way to prevent HELLP syndrome, it is important for all pregnant women to start prenatal c
e among babies born to mothers with HELLP syndrome depends on birth weight and the development of the baby's organs, esp
ly symptoms are similar to those of many other common diseases.Although most people reach middle-age before they have sy
perly.Hereditary hemochromatosis can occur when a person inherits two mutated copies of a gene called the HFE gene — one
erit the gene defect, men are more likely to be diagnosed with the effects of hemochromatosis than women. Other factors tha
e provider to check the amount of iron in your blood.
epends on how damage the organs are.

row is able to keep up with the early destruction, anemia does not occur (this is sometimes called compensated hemolysis).Th

s tissues, including in the spaces containing the lungs, heart, and abdominal organs) Newborn jaundice
that attack the developing baby's red blood cells.The most common form of erythroblastosis fetalis is ABO incompatibility, wh
re or shortly after birth.It can be treated before birth by intrauterine transfusion.
y urinate less than normal. Urine output may almost stop.Red blood cell destruction leads to symptoms of anemia.Early sympt
o been linked to other gastrointestinal infections, including shigella and salmonella, as well as nongastrointestinal infections.
ercooked hamburger meat contaminated with E. coli.Other risk factors for HUS are unknown, although some cases are due to a
s)Call your health care provider if you have had an episode of HUS and your urine output decreases, or you develop other new
er in children than adults.
ses, serious bleeding may occur without any cause. Internal bleeding may occur anywhere. Bleeding into joints is common.
alled coagulation factors. When one or more of these clotting factors are missing, there is usually a higher chance of bleeding.H
t spaces.A small percentage of people with hemophilia may die from severe bleeding.
bleeding problems are seen when the infant starts crawling and walking.Mild cases may go unnoticed until later in life when th
osome, so if the factor VIII/ IX gene on one chromosome doesn't work, the gene on the other chromosome can do the job of m

sorder has been identified, other family members will need less testing to diagnose the disorder.Tests to diagnose hemophilia
t always, occurs if an infant is circumcised. Additional bleeding problems usually show up when the infant becomes mobile.Mild
osome, so if the factor IX gene on one chromosome is defective, the gene on the other chromosome can do the job of making e

nd you plan to have children; genetic counseling is available

s of factor IX, and may die from loss of blood.Patients with hemophilia B should establish regular care with a hematologist, espe
or caregivers may notice that the patient has:Breath with a musty or sweet odor Change in sleep patterns Changes in thinking
tions in which blood circulation does not enter the liver. The exact cause of hepatic encephalopathy is unknown.An important jo
. Hepatic encephalopathy can rapidly get worse and become an emergency condition.
eversible coma and death. Approximately 80% (8 out of 10 patients) die if they go into a coma. Recovery and the risk of the con
ms. In rare cases, a cavernous hemangioma may rupture.
ut are most common in people in their 30s - 50s. Women are affected more often than men, and usually have bigger tumors tha
 ailure, or even liver cancer. The severity of hepatitis depends on many factors, including the cause of the liver damage and any
bacteria, or parasites Liver damage from alcohol, poisonous mushrooms, or other poisons Medications, such as an overdose of

ending on the cause of your liver disease.

titis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E
ts, often young children, have no symptoms, 70% of children younger than 6 who have HAV have no symptoms. Old patients ar
od or water that has been contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. Waterborne outbreaks, though infrequent, are u
infections occur during early childhood. Risk factors include:Poor sanitation Lack of safe water Injecting drugs Living in a house
others. An injection is typically offered to anyone living with someone who has HAV. If given within 14 days of contact, the inje
nd is rarely fatal, but it can cause debilitating symptoms. However, in patients with debilitated immune systems and underlying
toms You may feel sick for a period of days or weeks You may become very ill (called fulminant hepatitis)If your body is able to
son in early childhood.Perinatal or early childhood transmission may also account for more than one third of chronic infections
of age who become infected with the hepatitis B virus are the most likely to develop chronic infections:80–90% of infants infect
ong to a high-risk group for hepatitis B and have not yet received the Hepatitis B vaccine.
le develop chronic hepatitis.Almost all newborns and about 50% of children who become infected with hepatitis B develop chr
minal fullness or discomfort is present in 40% of cases due to mass effect. Eventually, spontaneous rupture or hemorrhage may
edication, highest in women over 30 years of age and after 24 months of using oral contraceptives. Pregnancy It appears to stim
ethindrone acetate and Ethinyl estradiol Norgestimate and Ethinyl estradiol Norgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol The risk is proporti
f hepatocellular adenoma. In cases that do not regress after the withdrawal of oral contraception or androgen, surgical treatme

volume than normal red blood cells, and can break open easily.The anemia can vary from mild to severe. In severe cases the di
en found in all races.

objects.Although a hernia may only cause mild discomfort, it may get bigger and strangulate. This means that the tissue is stuck
ble until later in life. Some patients may have a family history of hernias.Hernias can be seen in infants and children. This can ha
vomiting, or a fever along with a painful hernia. You have a hernia that becomes red, purple, dark, or discolored. You have groi

se (GERD) or its complications.Heartburn and regurgitation, when stomach acid refluxes back into the esophagus. Chronic reflu
he surrounding muscles, such as when coughing, vomiting, or straining during a bowel movement or while lifting heavy objects
s possible:Bleeding in your upper digestive tract Severe abdominal pain or chest pain

atery diarrhea (in the newborn)

muscle layers.In Hirschsprung's disease, the nerves are missing from a short or long part of the bowel. Areas without such nerve

other new symptoms, after being treated for this condition.

egment involvement.
ctive Being easily influenced by other people Being overly concerned with their looks Being overly dramatic and emotional Bein
t may be diagnosed more often in women because attention-seeking and sexual forwardness are less socially acceptable for w

prevent them from reaching their potential in their work life.

nistic infections. People with AIDS have had their immune system weakened by HIV and are very susceptible to these opportun
omeone who has HIV. The virus can be in an infected person’s blood, semen, or vaginal secretions and can enter your body thro
e needle for drug use. Children born to HIV positive mothers are at increased risks for developing the disease People who recei
u should be in constant contact with your doctor. People with AIDS are susceptible to infections and cancers that most healthy
ailability of medicines such as HAART. HAART and medicines like it have dramatically increased the amount of time people with
h nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin (swollen glands) Weight loss that cannot be explainedOther symptoms that may occur w
le of EBV in the development of Hodgkin lymphoma is not very clear. As we know, mononucleosis is an infection caused by the
s soon as possible:Hyperpyrexia and severe chills Severe infection
is often very curable, even in its late stages.With the right treatment, more than 90% of people with stage I or II Hodgkin's lymp
reasing visual problems may lead to diagnosis of this condition.Other symptoms include:Chest deformities (pectus carinatum,
riously affected.Homocystinuria has several features in common with Marfan syndrome. Unlike Marfan syndrome, in which the
you have a family history and are planning to have children.
is young, starting a low methionine diet quickly can prevent some mental retardation and other complications of the disease. F
s -like, greenish, or pus-like phlegm (sputum)Fever and chillsGeneral discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise)Loss of appe
se:Patients in the hospital are often very sick and cannot fight off germs.The types of germs present in a hospital are often more

oms, such as cough, stuffy nose, or low-grade fever. Infants under age 1 may have more severe symptoms and often have the m
RSV infections most often begin in the fall and run into the spring. The infection can occur in people of all ages. The virus sprea

evere RSV disease may occur in the following infants:Premature infants Infants with chronic lung disease Infants whose immun
aranoia PsychosisAbnormal and unusual movements include:Head turning to shift eye position Facial movements, including gri
ses a part of DNA, called a CAG repeat, to occur many more times than it is supposed to. Normally, this section of DNA is repea

n, although suicide is also common.It is important to realize that the disease affects everyone differently. The number of CAG re
at may be severe enough to require a hospital stay Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy during the first 3 months of pregnancy Sympt
t, you should use very effective contraception for at least 6 to 12 months to avoid pregnancy.In some cases, hydatidiform mole

esult when this tube fails to close. Fluid drains from the abdomen through the open tube. The fluid builds up in the scrotum, w
luding sexually transmitted diseases Radiation therapy
m or testicles is a surgical emergency. If enlargement of the scrotum is associated with acute pain, seek medical attention imme

normal head size Seizures Vomiting Constant tiredness Irritability Gaps between skull bones Eyes that are constantly looking do
y the CSF flows in and around the brain providing nutrients and oxygen before getting reabsorbed by the bloodstream but, whe

could result in death if left untreated

en individuals that recover from Hydrocephalus may face permanent brain damage that can lead to both physical and mental d
roblems Bruising or purplish bruise-like spots on the skin Heart failure Severe anemia Severe jaundice Total body swelling
of a severe form of Rh incompatibility. Rh compatibility causes massive red blood cell destruction, which leads to several probl
erely ill at birth.

ected when they intentionally or unintentionally eat material contaminated by insects. In an infected person, it is possible for t
wever, the disease occurs throughout the world.

ring pregnancy is believed to be rapidly rising blood levels of a hormone called HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which is

ms and careful follow-up, this condition rarely presents serious complications for the infant or mother.
ed vision Headache, dizziness Emotional instability, anxiety Confusion, stupor, even seizures, or coma and death.Other health p
with insulinoma can produce too much insulin and may show a series of symptoms of hypoglycemia. Side effect of inappropria
n as possible:Confusion Stupor Seizures Coma
opoglycemia may be fatal.
y problems except for a need for reading glasses.
e focusing power being too weak.Farsightedness is often present from birth, but children have a very flexible eye lens, which he
cently.Also, call if vision begins to get worse after you have been diagnosed with farsightedness.If you have been diagnosed wit

ncreased thirst Itchy skin Joint pain Loss of appetite Nausea Muscle weakness and pain Personality changes Stupor and possibly
um, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels within the blood and bone.When calcium levels are too low, the body responds by increa

s prolactin and thyroid hormones.Gigantism in children. Abnormal growth of hands and feet in adults Headache Visual field loss

ms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Palpitation Chest pain Severe hypertension
actinemia: The undetectable level (<2 µg/L) of prolactin predicts cure with more than 90% probability. On the contrary, higher v
ude:Headache Vision loss Sexual dysfunction: In men, patients may show signs of decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and inf
scribed antidepressants, anti-psychotics, and blood pressure medications. Idiopathic
ial MRI or CT scan: In these imaging tests, doctors may detect whether the pituitary tumor exists or not. Visual field examinatio

gene from just one of your parents, you will have the condition. Some people with this condition also have high levels of very lo

the outcome.
Salt craving Dizziness
may also lead to hypoaldosteronism. Any chronic kidney disease may lead to inadequate production of renin, similarly any adr
uitarism Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia Vitiligo
any of the symptoms of low blood pressure, muscle fatigue and altered mental status, as this can be fatal if not treated immed

onism may vary. Prognosis is generally good for patients of hypoaldosteronism who receive treatment. Untreated patients ris
t reassurance from family, friends, or health care providers on a regular basis. They feel better for a short time at most, and the
men and women.The way people with hypochondria think about their physical symptoms can make them more likely to have t

sed libido, hot flashes, loss of body hair and infertility in adults.In male:Lack of muscle and beard development during childhoo
apy in sex glands Brain diseases, especially in hypothalamus and pituitary gland, including bleeding, trauma, tumors, surgery, ra

pitation Fatigue or weakness Painful menstruation Hair or eyebrows loss Dry, coarse skin Brittle nails Anxiety or nervousness He
oparathyroidism
l of blood phosphorus. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This is a simple and painless test that records the heart's electrical activity. It c
soon as possible:Palpitation Seizure
e good and the body grows normally.

orafenibFanconi syndromeStarvationToo little vitamin DOveractive parathyroid gland (hyperparathyroidism)

ias occur when the opening is at the midshaft or base of the penis. Occasionally, the opening is located in or behind the scrotu

ated or that his penis becomes curved during erection.

olerance Joint and muscle pain Constipation Bradycardia Depression Irregular menstrual periods in women Infertility
 ns, such as amiodarone, propylthiouracil, methimazole and Lithium. Age over 50 years Female
as possible.Chest pain Palpitation Coma
mplication such as myxedema coma appears, which may result in death.
ally when you tighten the stomach muscles.
n children.The cause is unknown.Certain medicines can increase your risk for this condition. These medicines include:Birth cont

toms that slowly get worse and lead to blindness.

ver time may also occur when at rest)
asingly difficult to breathe. In some people the disease gets worse quickly (over months to a few years), but other people have

This worsening can happen quickly, or very slowly.

r bloody urine Hand and feet swelling Symptoms of chronic kidney disease
uilds up inside the small blood vessels of the kidney. Structures in the kidney called glomeruli become inflamed.IgA nephropath
a family history of the disorder is at risk.

or creatinine levels (blood tests that reflect kidney functioning) indicate a higher risk for progression of the disorder.About 25%

a or viruses that cause intestinal infections (gastroenteritis) Chemical, electrolyte, or mineral imbalances (such as decreased po

stem mistakenly recognizes these blood cells as foreign material within the body.The antibodies may be caused by:Complicatio

nemia.In others, treatment can usually partially control the anemia.

rd Poor feeding and weak suckling Respiratory failure Tired all the time (lethargy) Weak cry
syrups).Infant botulism occurs mostly in young infants between 6 weeks and 6 months of age. It has been reported to occur as

oms of botulism.

ture lungs or heart failure) Newborn jaundice (yellow skin) Poor feeding, lethargy, weak cry (signs of severe low blood sugar) Pu
her babies. They may have large organs, particularly the liver, adrenal glands, and heart.These infants may have episodes of low
is difficult to control, call your doctor immediately.If you are pregnant and are not receiving prenatal care, make an appointme
betes.Usually, an infant's symptoms go away within a few weeks. However, an enlarged heart may take several months to get
cus membranes (cyanosis). Brief stop in breathing (apnea). Decreased urine output. Grunting. Nasal flaring. Rapid breathing. Sh
t, which helps the lungs inflate with air and keeps the air sacs from collapsing. This substance normally appears in fully develop
ncy attention if your baby develops any difficulty breathing.
ress syndrome will die, although this is rare on the first day of life. If it occurs, it usually happens between days 2 and 7.Long-te
ful emotions in one or both partners.
e infertility may occur when:A fertilized egg or embryo does not survive once it sticks to the lining of the womb (uterus) The fer

after treatment, not including advanced techniques such as in vitro fertiliziation (IVF).
g sound heard over the intestine) Diarrhea, from only a few episodes to very often throughout the day (blood and mucus may
es 50 - 70.The disease usually begins in the rectal area and may eventually extend through the entire large intestine. Repeated
n again at ages 50-70

ications such as toxic megacolon, bowel perforation and surgical complications are also rare.While patients of IBD do have an i
but can last 5 days.Other common symptoms include:Chills Dizziness Flushed face Headache Nausea Vomiting Tiredness Runny
 omen more than 3 months pregnant during the flu season Anyone living in a long-term care facility Anyone with chronic heart,

Waking up several times during sleepPeople who have primary insomnia tend to keep thinking about getting enough sleep. The
mon causes of insomnia are:Alcohol Anxiety Coffee StressSecondary insomnia is caused by a medical condition. Depression is a

member that your health is not at risk if you do not get 6 - 8 hours of sleep every day. Different people have different sleep requ

(glucose) in the blood by helping it move into cells.Most of the time when your blood sugar level drops too low, the pancreas
emergency number.
some patients.
ere and you may only notice it with exercise, climbing stairs, and other hard activities. Over time, you may notice it while bathi
is called the interstitium. In people with interstitial lung disease, this tissue becomes stiff or scarred, and the air sacs are not ab
aches more often. You feel sleepy or confused. You have a fever. You are coughing up dark mucus. Your fingertips or the skin ar

n expected for the baby's gestational age. This measurement is called the uterine fundal height.
egnancy because of:High altitudes Multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.) Placenta problems Preeclampsia or eclampsiaConge
ease Poor nutrition Smoking
d does not seem to be growing or developing normally.
cian and pediatrician.
art rate Decreased muscle tone Decreased reflexes Excessive sleep Lethargy Weak suck
because blood vessels in the brain of premature infants are not yet fully developed and are extremely fragile. The blood vessel
e bleeding has not damaged the brain.
ontrolling movement.
ing weak or tired more often than usual, or with exercise Headaches Problems concentrating or thinkingAs the anemia gets wo
d cells are made in your bone marrow. Red blood cells move through your body for 3 to 4 months. Parts of your body then rem

Fatigue Headache Irritability Pale skin color (pallor) Shortness of breath Sore tongue Unusual food cravings (called pica) Weakn
eficiency (too little iron) may be caused by:An iron-poor diet (this is the most common cause) Body not being able to absorb iro
mula Young children who drink a lot of cow's milk rather than eating foods that supply the body with more ironIron deficiency a
e iron deficiency.You should continue taking iron supplements for another 6 to 12 months after blood counts return to normal,
elps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed by the body in the stool.When too much bilirubin builds up in the body, jau
cial, and underarm hair Short stature Anosmia

actin are needed to check to help doctors identify the diagnosis. LH response to GnRH: This test is used to tell the difference be

stage:High-pitched cry Arched back with neck hyperextended backwards Bulging fontanel (soft spot) SeizuresLate stage (full ne
High levels of bilirubin in the body can cause the skin to look yellow (which is called jaundice).In some cases when there are ext

Other causes of perirenal abscess include surgery in the urinary tract or reproductive system and bloodstream infection.
he stones and antibiotics can't kill the bacteria there.Stones are found in 20 - 60% of patients with perirenal abscess. Other risk

cases, the infection can spread beyond the kidney area and into the bloodstream, which can be deadly.
he urine)Lower back pain on one sideA mass or lump on one side of the lower backFatigue and unexplained weight lossEdema

reditary papillary renal cell carcinoma Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome Heredita
as possible:Severe low back pain or abdominal pain A large amount of hematuria

area (groin pain) or testicles (testicle pain)Other symptoms can include:Abnormal urine color Blood in the urine Chills Fever Na
y not produce symptoms until they begin to move down the tubes (ureters) through which urine empties into the bladder. Whe

r new symptoms develop.

nd and treated.
breasts (gynecomastia) Sexual problems Less than normal amount of pubic, armpit, and facial hair Small, firm testicles Small p
become a boy or a girl. Females normally have two of the same sex chromosomes, written as XX. Males normally have an X an

nformation about this condition, and help explain abnormal chromosome findings and possible complications. The counselor w

e understanding what is said to them. Doctors often refer to this problem as auditory agnosiaor "word deafness." The auditory
children with LKS develop normally but then lose their language skills for no apparent reason. While many of the affected indiv

guage abilities (although it may take months or years). In some cases, remission and relapse may occur. The prognosis is improv
n with a receptive language disorder have difficulty understanding language. They may have:A hard time understanding what o
er. Children must also have the physical ability to form speech.Up to 1 out of every 20 children has symptoms of a language dis
language therapist.Children who are diagnosed with this condition may need to be seen by a neurologist or children's develop
ms with language. Other, more reversible causes can be treated effectively.Many children who have language problems during
an expected for the age and gender or with a birth weight above the 90th percentile.

saddle nose and depressed nose bridge Proportionally larger head and abnormal skull growth High-pitched voice Reduced or n

l GH, and GH binding protein (GHBP). Other tests invlove an IGF/IGFBP-3 generation test and provocative GH test. The doctor w

roat that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks, even with antibiotics Swelling or lumps in the neck Unintentional weight loss
d to an increased risk for throat cancers.

weeks You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks
ts can be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curab

nfected, they swell. This can cause hoarseness, and may sometimes block the airway.The most common form of laryngitis is an
ss Hoarseness has lasted for more than 1 week in a child, or 2 weeks in an adult

roat that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks, even with antibiotics Swelling or lumps in the neck Unintentional weight loss
d to an increased risk for throat cancers.

weeks You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks
ts can be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curab
er Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill fee
e buildings, including hospitals. Most cases are caused by Legionella pneumophila. The rest of the cases are caused by other Leg
s include:Alcoholism Cigarette smoking Diseases such as kidney failure or diabetes Diseases that weaken the immune system, in

sease while in the hospital is close to 10% t0 35%, especially when antibiotics are started late.
re the following.A new lump that is growing anywhere on your bodyAbdominal painPelvic painHematemesisBlack, tarry stoolsU

n as possible:Severe abdominal painA large amount of hematemesisShock

size of the tumor, whether the sarcoma has spread outside the internal organ The patient’s general health
g chillsLess common symptoms include:Abdominal pain Abnormal lung sounds Bone pain Conjunctivitis Enlarged lymph glands
pread from person to person, except in vary rare cases. It occasionally spreads through sexual intercourse, breast milk, or from
bacterium; they may become sick but sometimes have no symptoms. Leptospira organisms have been found in cattle, pigs, hor

e high uric acid levels.Males with Lesch-Nyhan have delayed motor development followed by bizarre, sinuous movements and i
d hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HGP). The body needs this enzyme to recycle purines. Without it, abnor

e high uric acid levels.Males with Lesch-Nyhan have delayed motor development followed by bizarre, sinuous movements and i
d hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HGP). The body needs this enzyme to recycle purines. Without it, abnor

ich may be mild or high Shaking chills Shortness of breath (may only occur when you climb stairs)Additional symptoms include
Ways you can get pneumonia include:Bacteria and viruses living in your nose, sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs. You m
influenza) Difficulty swallowing (due to stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, or other neurological conditions) Chronic lung d
rings up bloody or rust-colored mucus Chest pain that worsens when you cough or inhale Night sweats or unexplained weight l
omplicated pneumonia include:Older adults or very young children People whose immune system does not work well People w
body. It may be soft or firm and usually slow growing. Constipation Diarrhea Blood in stools Blood in vomitus Abdominal pain U

ancer such as lymphoma, breast cancer has increased risk of developing liposarcoma in the area treated with radiation. Geneti
tructure should arise suspicion.X-ray: Plain x-ray may be done to see the tumor and the adjacent areas. It is usually done in cas
Severe abdominal painHemorrhage in gastrointestinal tract such as hematochezia or hematemesis, or even shockDifficulty brea
growing or dividingThe stage of the sarcoma: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the locationWheth
rgy Jaundice Vomiting Respiratory distress (usually pneumonia) Shock Skin rash Increased pressure inside the skull (due to men
ever, healthy persons may consume contaminated foods without becoming ill. Persons at risk can prevent Listeria infection by
made from raw milk may carry these bacteria. If you eat the contaminated products, you may get sick.The following groups are
o look for the bacteria) will show if you have listeriosis.

eatment, some listeriosis cases result in death. This is particularly likely in older adults and in persons with other serious medica
out the abdomen (less common) Unintentional weight loss Weakness Yellow skin (jaundice)
dInfection of the bile draining tubesRecent endoscopy of the bile draining tubesTrauma that damages the liverThe most comm
er new symptoms during or after treatment

ue Cause an infection Leading to pus filled cavity formation.

ge Have certain conditions affecting their stomach or esophagus

thing trouble, such as shortness of breath Constant chest pain Coughing up blood A hoarse voice Frequent lung infections, such
ined.Lung cancer is more common in older adults. It is rare in people under age 45.Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lun
sk factor for lung cancer. Harmful substances in smoke damage lung cells. That's why smoking cigarettes, pipes, or cigars can ca

the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the pancreas The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just been
h as:Dysphagia Difficulty breathing Constipation Failure to thrive
t is thought that the lymphatic malformations can arise from gene mutations, occuring as missing or deleted part of chromosom
the female genital tract Swelling and redness of the skin in the groin area Swollen groin lymph nodes on one or both sides; it m
matis. The bacteria spread through sexual contact. The infection is caused by a different bacteria than that which causes genita
r, the actual number of infections is unknown.LGV is more common in men than women. The main risk factor is having multiple

akness and tiredness that don't go away Pain, swelling or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
ormal cells. These abnormal cells can spread to almost any other part of the body. Most of the time, doctors can't determine w
nd some are non modifiable. Having the risk factor doesn't always mean that you will get the disease but it certainly increases
tion typically does not affect side (peripheral) vision, meaning patients will not have complete vision loss from this disease. Alt
en, the change in the blood vessels is what damages the macula.
r age groups. For instance, a large study found that people in middle-age have about a 2% risk of getting macular degeneration
tely if the lines appear wavy, or you notice any other changes in your vision.
vere form of the disease.The wet form of macular degeneration often leads to significant vision loss.Although macular degener
gative attitude, unable to imagine that any problem or situation can be solved in a positive way.Symptoms of depression can in
nes, or triggered by certain stressful events. More likely, it's a combination of both.Some types of depression run in families. B
.You may also call a suicide hotline from anywhere in the United States, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: 1-800-SUICIDE or 1-800
onths to fully feel better and prevent the depression from returning.For people who have repeated episodes of depression, qu
ccurs with malaise in many diseases. Along with malaise, you can have a feeling of not having enough energy to do usual activiti
tis or pneumonia Acute viral syndrome Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) Influenza Lyme diseaseLONG-TERM (CHRONIC) INFECTI

ression of the disease, is as follows:Cold stage - where the patient experiences a sensation of chills and shivering Hot stage - ch
another by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.Four kinds of malaria parasites have long been known to infect humans:
not endemic, may also get the disease when they travel to such countries, or through blood transfusions. Malaria may also be
h a fever or flu -like illness, either while traveling in a malaria -risk area, or following their return home (for up to 1 year). For th

coughing. can cause these tears.Mallory-Weiss tears may also be caused by convulsions.

likely to occur.

ne, and valine. This leads to a buildup of these chemicals in the blood.In the most severe form, MSUD can damage the brain du
ptoms of maple syrup urine disease.
eath may occur during these episodes. With strict dietary treatment, children have grown into healthy adulthood.
ese illnesses and because many milder cases are not diagnosed or reported, the actual number of poisonings may be much gre
pus) Nipple sensation changes Swelling, tenderness, redness, and warmth in breast tissue Tender or enlarged lymph nodes in
y on the nipple.The infection takes place in the fatty tissue of the breast and causes swelling. This swelling pushes on the milk d

e lymph nodes in the armpit become tender or swollen

t is bothering them. Common signs to look for are:Recent episode of ear infectionEar pain and posterior ear pain Unusual irrita
ogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus . Staphylococci, Pseudomonas species and polymicrobials present predominantly seen in no
e Genetic factors (susceptibility to infection may run in families) Not being breastfed Pacifier use Recent ear infection Recent ill
ear infection Your child has a high fever or severe pain Severe pain suddenly stops hurting -- this may indicate a ruptured eardr
s of mastoiditis have been reduced after introduction of antimicrobial agents and adequate therapy of acute otitis media. How
fe, but may not start until adulthood.
f the population has a Meckel's diverticulum, but only a few people develop symptoms.
 ump, or swelling in the neck Pain in the front of the neck Hoarseness or other voice changes Trouble swallowing Breathing pro
types of medullary thyroid cancer:Familial medullary thyroid cancer Sporadic medullary thyroid cancer
thyroid cancer are more common in areas where people's diets are low in iodine. Radiation: Scientists has proven that radiatio

roid gland Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The patient ’s general health
pia Ataxia Horizontal nystagmusOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A perso

on as possible:Severe headache Severe vomiting Ataxia

ancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the brain Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or h
constipation Fatigue, lack of energy, or light-headedness when standing up or with exertion Loss of appetite Pale skin Problem
ugs that affect DNA, such as chemotherapy drugs Leukemia Myelodysplastic syndrome Myelofibrosis The anticonvulsant drug d

loss due to problems with specific brain areas may be different. It may involve only memory of recent or new events, passed o

ing double or blurrinessHeadacheHearing lossMemory lossSeizuresWeakness in the arms or legsNeurological deficitsBehaviora

erapy increase the risk of developing meningioma.An inherited nervous system disorder: Studies show the disorder neurofibrom
t. But call your health care provider if symptoms of meningioma developes.
n in patients of advanced age, male patients, black race, malignant tumors, and patients with no initial treatment.
rial meningitis usually appear suddenly. Symptoms of viral meningitis may appear suddenly or develop gradually over a period
e group B streptococci, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pneumoniae, n. meningitidis and mycobacteria.

and symptoms will disappear within two weeks. The patient's general condition: The prognosis of patients who have AIDS, leuk
y cheeks Seizures Skeletal changes
her parts of the body do not get enough copper.Low copper levels can affect the structure of bone, skin, hair, and blood vessel

mptoms early in infancy.

either more closely or more widely spaced. This irregularity may last for 1 - 3 years before menstruation finally ends completel
d a period for 1 year, you are no longer at risk of becoming pregnant.The symptoms of menopause are caused by changes in est
spotting begins again, even if it is a very small amount
ual bleeding include:Endometrial hyperplasia (thickening/build-up of the lining of the uterus) Cancer of the uterus Uterine fibro
d be pregnant. You have severe pain, especially if you also have pain when not menstruating. Your periods have been heavy or
hool Lack of curiosityNote: Changes to normal behaviors depend on the severity of the condition. Mild retardation may be asso
.A family may suspect mental retardation if the child's motor skills, language skills, and self-help skills do not seem to be develo

normally Your child has other disorders that need treatment

need a structured environment to be most successful.
pleura can cause:Chest pain Shortness of breath Cough Blood in sputum or hemoptysis Fever Sweating Fatigue Weight loss Tro
yls, cement, and automotive brake materials. Although many asbestos workers smoked, experts do not believe smoking itself is
linked to asbestos exposure in the workplace. Zeolites: Zeolites are silicate minerals chemically related to asbestos. Data sugge
as possible:Severe chest pain A large amount of hemoptysis Shortness of breath Severe abdominal pain Abdominal distension P
er: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread The patient’s general health
alized reductase deficiency) include:Developmental delay Failure to thrive Intellectual disability SeizuresSymptoms of hemoglo
e are two forms of inherited methemoglobinemia. The first form is passed on by both parents. The parents usually do not have
emergency services (911) immediately if you have severe shortness of breath.
 h within the first few years of life.People with acquired methemoglobinemia usually do very well once the drug, food, or chem
ng (caused by intercourse, infection, polyp, genital warts, ulcer, or varicose veins) IUD use (may cause occasional spotting) Ecto
eeding with periods Abnormal bleeding is accompanied by other symptoms, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness

me Disseminated intravascular coagulation Cancer Mechanical heart valve

the womb and during infancy.Conditions that affect brain growth can cause microcephaly. These include infections, genetic di
u suspect your infant's head size is too small or not growing normally, consult your health care provider
e were reported as initially having a mild respiratory illness.
ho are in close contact. Transmission from infected patients to healthcare personnel has also been observed. Clusters of cases
eninsula or neighboring countries, you should see your healthcare provider and mention your recent travel.

e, throbbing or pounding pain which may be confined to one side or may affect both sides of the head. Headache of migraine u
o having migraines.A family history of migraines Younger than 40 Female Hormonal changes: For female patients with migraine
had these symptoms with a migraine before Your headaches are more severe when lying down The headache starts very sudd

aise) Shortness of breath Sweating Weight lossOther symptoms that can occur with this disease:Abdominal swelling Chills Joint
culosis bacteria. Small areas of infection, called granulomas (granular tumors), develop in the lungs.The usual site of TB is the lu

ccession.Symptoms include lower-abdominal pain that is:One-sided Typically lasting minutes to a few hours, possibly as long as
ations for the cause of this pain.Just prior to ovulation: follicle growth may stretch the surface of the ovary, causing pain. At the

to avoid pregnancy. Mittelscmerz pain is felt around the time of ovulation. A woman is most likely to become pregnant just be
of the penis) but also in any part of the body in a form of multiple raised nodules that evolve with the formation of a central c
e acquired through exposure to an infected animal through invasive bite or scratch, or through direct contact with lesions or bo
erson Daily exposure or complex exposure to infected animal. “Complex” exposures (e.g., invasive bite or scratch that breaks th

tious mononucleosis are:Sore throat (more common in children) Fever Fatigue Weight loss Malaise, general discomfort Enlarge
to transmit mononucleosis.Contact through air or blood does not spread mononucleosis.Even long after having been exposed t
as little children, when no symptoms or flu-like symptoms are exhibited.In underdeveloped countries, almost everyone is expo

he first month of pregnancy and continues through the 14th to 16th week (3rd or 4th month). Some women have nausea and v
traveling, or some foods can make the problem worse.Nausea in pregnancy is more common and can be worse with twins or tr
s happens to some women and is usually normal, but have it checked out. You lose more than 2 pounds. You vomit blood or m
ng on the area Gets worse over time Tingling in the space between the third and fourth toes Toe cramping Sharp, shooting, or
lopment of this condition:Abnormal positioning of toes Flat feet Forefoot problems, including bunions and hammer toes High f

but infants and toddlers seem relatively immune. Women, especially when pregnant, menstruating, or on hormones, are more
s (usually aphasia) Sensory and cognitive impairments Involuntary movements Vision problems

of arteries. Without treatment, Moyamoya disease can be fatal as the result of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Neurological signs, such as numbness or weakness caused by nerve involvement, typically indicate a malignancy
 tologic grade
e and may include:Abnormal features of the face Bone, cartilage, and connective tissue deformities Mental retardation
of mucopolysaccharidosis.

ymptoms include:Feelings of sickness or weakness Weight loss Fever Night sweatsThe symptoms of TB disease of the lungs ma
misused or mismanaged: When patients do not complete their full course of treatment When health-care providers prescribe t
velop TB disease again, after having taken TB medicine in the past Come from areas of the world where drug-resistant TB is co
ment about getting a TB skin test or TB blood test. You should also inform your doctor or nurse when did this contact occur. Wh

ptibility test and to monitor adherence to the treatment regimen, in order to avoid new drug resistances and ensure a better o
h MID may appear to improve for short periods of time, then decline after having more silent strokes.The early symptoms of d
an women. The disorder usually affects people between ages 55 and 75.MID is caused by a series of small strokes.A stroke is an
ementia in any one person may be caused by either Alzheimer's disease or MID. The symptoms for each problem are very simi
sudden change in mental status. This is an emergency symptom of stroke.

er meals Burning, aching, or hunger discomfort in the upper abdomen or lower chest that is relieved by antacids, milk, or food
son, but not necessarily at the same time. The disorder may occur at any age, and it affects men and women equally. A family h

hese can lower life expectancy. The symptoms of peptic ulcer disease, low blood sugar, excess calcium in the blood, and pituita

ted to be the cause of the disease.

emor Insomnia Constipation Lethargy Muscle pain Nausea Increased frequency of urination Confusion Bone fractures
cause of the disease.

ay suggest Munchausen syndrome include:A spectacular medical history that includes a large number of tests, medical procedu
nt family member when the person was a child Self-esteem or identity problems Relationship problems Difficulty distinguishing

parent is overattentive or "too helpful." The parent is often involved in a health-care field, such as nursing.
use is unknown.The mother may fake symptoms of illness in her child by adding blood to the child's urine or stool, withholding
psychiatric care immediately.
res years of psychiatric support.Children may require medical care to treat injuries the parent inflicted, as well as psychiatric ca

e Hyperparathyroidism Low sodium or potassium ThyrotoxicosisAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis Bell's palsy Cerebral palsy Guillain
such as fever Sudden weakness following a viral illness Weakness in one area of the body
ther signs of M. abscessus infection are fever, chills, muscle aches, and a general feeling of illness. However, for a definite diag
bacteria and is found in water, soil, and dust. It has been known to contaminate medications and products, including medical de
underlying respiratory conditions or impaired immune systems are at risk of lung infection.

chronic and incurable. When pulmonary M. abscessus infection occurs in the absence of any predisposing conditions, the cour
lowing:Chest pain Chills Cough, usually dry and not bloody Excessive sweating Fever (may be high) Headache Sore throatLess c
han 40. Various studies suggest that it makes up 15 - 50% of all pneumonia cases in adults and even more in school-aged childre
oms, you will need to be checked for pneumonia.Also, call if you have been diagnosed with this type of pneumonia and your sy
p to a month.
h with exercise Weight loss Loss of appetite Night sweats Fever Early satiety Bleeding Peripheral swelling Frequent infections D
made up of:Red blood cells (which carry oxygen to your tissues) White blood cells (which fight infection) Platelets (which help y
worse, need urgent or emergency care.
se.The average survival of people with primary myelofibrosis is about 5 years. However, some people may survive for decades.
n caused by bleeding). Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs

e marrow. Whether the patient is anemic. The amount of blasts in the blood or bone marrow. The amount of hemoglobin in re
very slowly able to open and pull away his hand.Early symptoms may include:Difficulty in swallowing Gagging Stiff movements
ita is believed to be caused by a problem in the part of the muscle cells that are needed for muscles to relax. Abnormal repeate

becomes normal. Symptoms may improve later in life.

Dizziness Hearing loss in one or both ears Low frequency noises lost first Extent of hearing loss may change Noises or ringing in
ar canals, or labyrinths, and, along with a nerve in your skull, help interpret your body's position and maintain your balance. Th

pens, the secretions build up in the plugged glands. They form a smooth, rounded bump on the cervix. The bump is called a nab

es, symptoms of PAM may be similar to symptoms of bacterial meningitis.Initial symptoms of PAM start about 5 days (range 1 t

ted in southern-tier states. The ameba can be found in:Factors that can increase your risk of meningitis include: Bodies of warm
n in warm freshwater recently.
n goals Have excessive feelings of self-importance Exaggerate achievements and talents Be preoccupied with fantasies of succe

s last for about 15 minutes each, although they can be longer. They often happen after eating, but may occur while driving, tal
of a protein called hypocretin, which is made in the brain. What causes the brain to produce less of this protein is unclear.Nar

tivities. Narcolepsy can usually be controlled with treatment. Treating other underlying sleep disorders can improve symptoms
ability Vomiting
that a decrease in blood flow to the bowel keeps the bowel from producing mucus that protects the gastrointestinal tract. Bac
urred Infants who have received blood exchange transfusions
room or call the local emergency number (such as 911).

ability Vomiting
that a decrease in blood flow to the bowel keeps the bowel from producing mucus that protects the gastrointestinal tract. Bact
room or call the local emergency number (such as 911).

arious conditions that develop before birth, such as:Birth defects Delay in clamping the umbilical cord Diabetes in the baby's b
urological development. Parents who believe their child may show any signs of developmental delay should contact their healt
cus membranes (cyanosis). Brief stop in breathing (apnea). Decreased urine output. Grunting. Nasal flaring. Rapid breathing. Sh
t, which helps the lungs inflate with air and keeps the air sacs from collapsing. This substance normally appears in fully develop
ncy attention if your baby develops any difficulty breathing.
ress syndrome will die, although this is rare on the first day of life. If it occurs, it usually happens between days 2 and 7.Long-te
Reduced sucking Seizures Slow heart rate Swollen belly area Vomiting Yellow skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)
sepsis most often appears within 24 hours of birth. The baby gets the infection from the mother before or during delivery. The
ading cause of infant death. The more quickly an infant receives treatment, the better the outcome.
(15%) Documented spinal cord manifestations of NM include: weakness (upper limb greater than the lower limb), sensory defi
Spread from a distant primary tumor site - cancer cells produce enzymes that allows them to microscopically invade blood vess
egative breast cancer and the HER2/neu gene positivity displays tropism for CNS metastasis. Among the histologic subtypes of
ogical deficiets should seek urgent care.
d to 1 to 2 months. With treatment, this could extend to 2 to 5 months for breast cancer, 3 to 6 months for non-small cell lung c
ars dark, tea colored, or cloudy) Decreased urine volume (little or no urine may be produced)Other symptoms that may occur i
s include the following:IgA nephropathy Henoch-Schonlein purpura Hemolytic uremic syndrome Post-streptococcal glomerulon

ood pressure may go away in 1 or 2 weeks. However, urine tests take months to return to normal.Children tend to do better th
wollen abdomen)Other symptoms include:Foamy appearance of the urine Weight gain (unintentional) from fluid retention Poo
otic Syndrome is often referred to as Idiopathic i.e. there are no known causes for the kidney abnormality. Such is the case in M
w symptoms develop, including severe headache, fever, sores on the skin, cough, discomfort with urination, or decreased urine
ects the outcome.
y. Usual symptoms include:Irritability, fatigue, loss of appetite, and fever in infant. A swollen stomach, abdominal pain, and dec

as possible:Abdominal pain in child Bone pain in child

e of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread The child’s general health
ncentration Seizures Stiff neck Tremors Visual disturbances Weakness
s. Not everyone who has syphilis will develop this complication.There are four different forms of neurosyphilis:Asymptomatic (m

ding difficulties Loss of early motor skills (gets worse over time)Type B symptoms are usually milder and occur in late childhood
tty substance called sphingomyelin, which is found in every cell of the body.If ASM is missing or does not work properly, sphing
d screening is recommended.Call your health care provider if your child has symptoms of this disease, includingDevelopmenta
shows signs of Type C before age 1 may not live to school age. Those who show show symptoms after entering school may live
ormal saline or normal saline) Metals (chromium/chromates, platinum salts, nickel compounds, copper, lead, cis-platinum) Nitr
wheezing, or hoarseness Repeated problems with pneumonia or bronchitis Swelling of the neck and face Loss of appetite or w
f radiation therapy to the lungs can also increase risk. Working with or near cancer-causing chemicals or materials can also incr
pread to other parts of the body, including the bone, liver, small intestine, and brain. Chemotherapy has been shown to prolon

he body to counteract or detoxify their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants Endotoxemia - The presence of e

ence of fibrosis and cirrhosis associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with NAFLD.
cted by regular examinations:Fever Night sweat Unexplained weight loss Severe itchiness Painless swelling of the lymph nodes
mphocytes, or B cells.For most patients, the cause of this cancer is unknown. However, lymphomas may develop in people with
mune systems, such as people who receive organ transplants or infected with HIV, have an increased risk for non-Hodgkin lym
e as soon as possible:Hyperpyrexia and severe chill Severe and repeated infection
genase (LDH) level Performance status Clinical stage Sites of extranodal disease
ays after you are infected with a norovirus. It usually takes a couple of days before you are better. Symptoms of gastroenteritis
es are referred to as noroviruses. Noroviruses are not new, but interest in them is growing as researchers learn how frequently
believe that their thoughts are correct.People with both OCPD and OCD tend to be high achievers and feel a sense of urgency
s condition can affect both men and women, but it most often occurs in men.

OCPD may prevent many of the complications such as drug abuse, which are common in other personality disorders.However
here are many types of obsessions and compulsions. One example is an excessive fear of germs and the compulsion to repeate
at neurotransmitters,biological and also psychological factors play a role in causing obsessive–compulsive disorder. Environmen
 al. Most people improve with treatment.

g disease are older than 50. Smoking increases your risk of developing this occupational lung disease.

or sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as ear

n of shortness of breath during the day.Symptoms include:Bluish coloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen Daytime drows
uickly. In people with primary alveolar hypoventilation, this change in breathing does not happen.The cause of primary alveolar

de:Arnold-Chiari syndrome (a problem with the structure of the brain) Brain tumor Gaucher disease Growth hormone deficien
vous systems.
that are serious enough for a person to seek medical attention.
ends or has lost friends Is in constant trouble in school Loses temper Spiteful or seeks revenge Touchy or easily annoyedTo fit th
re is high due to changing definitions of normal childhood behavior, and possible racial, cultural, and gender biases.This behavi

e or both eyes may bulge outward Squinting Vision loss in one or both eyes Leads to eventual blindness May be a loss of periph
lways before age 20. There is a strong association between optic glioma and neurofibromatosis type 1.

he growth of the tumor is very slow, and the condition remains stable for long periods of time. However, in adults and some ch
or other mouth area Usually painless at first (may develop a burning sensation or pain when the tumor is advanced) Usually sm
e mouth (palate).Most oral cancers look very similar under the microscope and are called squamous cell carcinomas. These are

ve a lesion of the mouth or lip or a lump in the neck that does not go away within 1 month. Early diagnosis and treatment of or
other tissues, the cure rate is nearly 75%. Unfortunately, more than half of oral cancers are advanced at the time the cancer is d
ns can slowly increase in number and size.
mune system and other types of germs that also normally live in your mouth. However, when your immune system is weaker, th
ns in the vagina. People who have diabetes and had high blood sugar levels are more likely to get thrush in the mouth (oral thru
teen or adult with lesions that are consistent with thrush. You have pain or difficulty swallowing. You have symptoms of thrush
our pediatrician. In adults, thrush that occurs in the mouth can be cured. However, the long-term outlook is dependent on your

anus Oral thrushThe skin lesion of histoplasmosis may also appear as a mouth ulcer.

r if mouth ulcers return frequently, or if new symptoms develop.

at may first appear as a mouth ulcer that does not heal.
ain, especially when moving the eye Fever, generally 102 degrees F or higher General feeling of discomfort Painful or difficult e
s condition in children. Orbital cellulitis due to this bacteria used to be much more common in young children up to age 6 - 7. H

hort-term loss of brain function (delirium)

ain (subarachnoid hemorrhage) Blood clot inside the skull causing pressure on brain (subdural hematoma) ConcussionBreathin
this condition. You have been diagnosed with OBS and your symptoms become worse.

roat that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks, even with antibiotics Swelling or lumps in the neck Unintentional weight loss
 d to an increased risk for throat cancers.

weeks You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks
ts can be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curab
Chills Excessive sweating Low back pain Swelling of the ankles, feet, and legs
to the bone, as in osteomyelitis that occurs under a chronic skin ulcer (sore). The infection that causes osteomyelitis can also s

Amputation may be needed, especially in those with diabetes or poor blood circulation. The outlook for those with an infectio
The affected bone is not as strong as normal bones and may fracture with minor trauma (a pathological fracture).Bone fractur
ge. Radiation to bones: People who were treated with radiation for another cancer have a higher risk of later developing post-r

our doctor about your specific condition and outlook to gain a better sense of your prognosis.
he ear canal Partial hearing lossLess common symptoms that are specific malignant otitis externa include the following:Facial p
tions such as eczema. Allergies. Excessive or abrasive use of cotton swabs, Q-tips etc. that scratch and damage the skin of the e
. People who use ear plugs or other in-ear devices consistently. People who have experienced a traumatic physical injury to the
ck or jaw. It becomes difficult to breathe. Dizziness develops.
nant otitis externa has a poor prognosis without treatment; with treatment, the prognosis varies depending on the extent of in
at is bothering them. Common signs to look for are:Ear pain Unusual irritability Difficulty sleeping Tugging or pulling at one or b
m. These causes include:Allergies Colds and sinus infections Excess mucus and saliva produced during teething Infected or overg
ore prone to clogging. Larger adenoids interfering with eustachian tube openings. Close proximity with other infants and young
has a high fever or severe pain Severe pain suddenly stops hurting -- this may indicate a ruptured eardrum Symptoms worsen
nfectious causes with fluid buildup will usually go away naturally within 3 months. Complications from otitis media, including m

normal sponge-like bone growing in the middle ear. This growth prevents the ear bones from vibrating in response to sound w

w weeks.To reduce the risk of complications after surgery:Do not blow your nose for 2 -3 weeks after surgery. Avoid people wit
s Pain in lower abdomen Bleeding from the vagina Weight loss, loss of appetite Abnormal periodsOther health problems may a
ertility drugs, androgens and estrogen replacement therapy may increase the risk of ovarian cancer. Reproductive history: Clini
as possible:A large amount of bleeding from the vagina
, whether the cancer has spread outside the ovaries Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred The patient’s
s large Bleeds Breaks open Is bumped during sexual intercourse Is twisted or causes twisting (torsion) of the Fallopian tubeSym
ovulation). If the follicle fails to break open and release an egg, the fluid stays in the follicle and forms a cyst.This is called a foll
youAlso call for an appointment if the following symptoms have been present on most days for at least 2 weeks:Getting full qu

:The type of cancer The size of the tumor The stage of cancer (whether it affects part of the ovary, involves the whole ovary, or
men Weight gainIn rare cases, women can have more serious symptoms, including:Significant weight gain (more than 10 pound
ease egg production.However, if the drugs stimulate the ovaries too much, the ovaries can suddenly become very swollen and
a so intense that you can't keep food or liquids down Decreased urination Shortness of breath Dizziness
. If you become pregnant during OHSS, the symptoms may get worse and can take weeks to go away.
if you develop pancreatitis from pancreas divisum.
t is unknown. As a baby develops in the womb, two separate pieces of tissue join together to form the pancreas. Each part has

may include:Pain in the upper abdomen or upper back Yellow skin and eyes, and dark urine from jaundice Weakness Loss of ap
lear that this disease is not contagious. No one can "catch" cancer from another person.Research has shown that people with c
s, including one or more of the following:Physical exam -- The doctor examines the skin and eyes for signs of jaundice. The doct

oking Dizziness or faintness Fear of being out of control Fear of dying Fear of "going crazy" Hot flashes or chills Nausea or other
 person has had a panic attack and begins to fear situations that might lead to another panic attack.Anyone can develop a pani

en for a heart attack.Panic attacks may include anxiety about being in a situation where an escape may be difficult (such as bein
of the time. However, panic disorder often occurs when there is no family history.Panic disorder is twice as common in wome

ith a combination of medicine and behavioral therapy.

g symptoms:A nodule, lump, or swelling in the neck, which may be perceptible by touch Pain in the throat/neck Vocal hoarsen
radiation therapy to the neck area, or as children, are at higher risk for developing papillary thyroid cancer. Radiation therapy w
s are more common in regions characterized by iodine-deficient diets. Radiation exposure Patients over the age of 45-years

hyroid gland Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery Patient's age Size of the tumor
iger one may cause obvious signs. For instance, papilloma in larynx may cayse hoarseness, cough and shortness of breath. Sym

acial nerve palsy)

ogenase (SDHD).
lems with the muscles in your face

n feel that they are in danger, and look for evidence to support their suspicions. People with this disorder have trouble seeing t
and delusional disorder, which suggests genes may be involved. However, environmental factors may play a role, as well.The c

s daily functioning.
or impossible for others to convince them that they are not the target of a plot. People with this condition may spend a lot of ti
s it difficult to return the foreskin to its extended position.Symptoms include:Inability to pull the retracted foreskin over the he
itals and nursing homes) Infection, which may be due to poor personal hygiene Uncircumcised males, and those who may not

ncreased thirst Itchy skin Joint pain Loss of appetite Nausea Muscle weakness and pain Personality changes Stupor and possibly
um, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels within the blood and bone.When calcium levels are too low, the body responds by increa

lude:Bone pain Constipation Fatigue Fractures Frequent thirst Frequent urination Kidney stones Muscle weakness Nausea Poor

rom low-grade to as high as 102°F–104°F (38°C–40°C) by the third to fourth day of illness. Headache, malaise, and anorexia are

se.Tremor: Tremor is one of the most common signs. It often affects in a hand, arm, or leg. It occurs when the person is awake
e system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy Toxins: Manganese, carbon monoxide, and methanol Medications: Antipsych
history, physical examination and neurological evaluation Blood tests: These tests include the check of thyroid function, liver fu

caused by medications, it may be reversible.

swallowing Reddening of the face or upper neck Facial swelling Particularly in front of the ears
s bacteria. Parotitis can result from blockages in the mouth, including benign or malignant tumors or salivary gland stones. A ch
People lacking the mumps vaccine or anti- tuberculosis vaccination. Those who smoke, chew tobacco, or have poor oral hygiene
to therapy.
one Extra fingers or toes (polydactyly) Hernias: umbilical hernia, inguinal hernia Hole, split, or cleft in the iris (coloboma) Low-se
p families understand the condition, the risk of inheriting it, and how to care for the patient.

e specks (eggs, or nits) on the bottom of each hair that are hard to get offLice on scalp and clothing may be difficult to see, unle
to 30 days on a human. Their eggs can live for more than 2 weeks. Head lice spread easily, particularly among school children.
es, or combs of someone who has had liceHaving head lice does NOT mean the person has poor hygiene or low social status. H

ted children can cause kids to repeatedly get lice. When one case is detected in a family or a school or child-care center, every
ower back Vaginal discharge with abnormal color, texture, or smellOther symptoms that may occur with PID:Bleeding after int
ost common cause of PID is sexual contact without using a condom or other protection. This is called a sexually transmitted dis
ID Recent insertion of an IUD Sexual activity during adolescence
es not seem to be working

dy) Ear noise/ buzzing Earache or ear discomfort Hearing loss in the involved ear (hearing loss may not be total) Weakness of th
es, the eardrum may break open (rupture).Damage to the eardrum can also occur from:A very loud noise close to the ear, such
r right away after your eardrum ruptures if you:Are very dizzy Have a fever, general ill feeling, or hearing loss Have very bad pa
term hearing loss Spread of infection to the bone behind the ear mastoiditis Long-term vertigo and dizziness
teeth) Gums that are tender when touched but are painless otherwise Loose teeth Swollen gumsNote: Early symptoms resemb
gums (gingiva) to the ligaments and bone that support the teeth. Loss of support causes the teeth to become loose and eventu
s and diseases, including Down syndrome, diabetes, and other diseases that affect one's resistance to infection also increase su

eeks of treatment. (Healthy gums are pink and firm in appearance.)You need to follow careful oral hygiene for your entire life o
d NumbnessTingling or burning in the arms and legs may be an early sign of nerve damage. These feelings often start in your to
mon cause of this type of nerve problem. High blood sugar levels over a long time can damage your nerves.Other health conditio

to long-term, severe symptoms and problems. When a medical condition can be found and treated, your outlook may be excel
ation Fatigue, lack of energy, or light-headedness when standing up or with exertion Loss of appetite Pale skin Problems conce
meat, poultry, shellfish, eggs, and dairy products. To absorb vitamin B12, your body uses a special protein called intrinsic facto
poparathyroidism Hypopituitarism Myasthenia gravis Secondary amenorrhea Type 1 diabetes Testicular dysfunction Vitiligo Sc

ptoms began.
mild cough or fever. But after 1–2 weeks, severe coughing begins. Infants and children with the disease cough violently and ra
nfants who get pertussis are infected by parents, older siblings, or other caregivers who might not even know they have the dis

nts to eat, drink or breathe. Before there was a vaccine, whooping cough was one of the most common childhood diseases and
roat that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks, even with antibiotics Swelling or lumps in the neck Unintentional weight loss
d to an increased risk for throat cancers.

weeks You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks
ts can be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curab

aryngitis include Group A streptococcus, which leads to strep throat in some cases. Other, less-common bacteria that cause sor

onger than) the real threat. The person may have excessive sweating, problems controlling the muscles or actions, or rapid hea
mong the most common of all psychiatric disorders, affecting up to 10% of the population.Common phobias include the fear of:
 s, conditions due to a lack of certain nutrients, such as iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency, may trigger the unusual crav

dulthood, especially when it occurs with developmental disorders.

culty, and impaired thinking occur slowly, but continue to get worse.The early personality changes can help doctors tell Pick's d
k cells contain an abnormal form of a protein called tau. This protein is found in all nerve cells. But some people with Pick's dise
rse (which may mean that another disorder has developed).
hin 2 - 10 years, usually from infection but sometimes from general failure of the body systems.
t may increase in size over many years.

ased risk of pinguecula. Certain occupations that may potentially damage the eyes, such as welding, also increase the risk.
ppears to grow into the cornea.
e muscles (ophthalmoplegia) causing double vision Low blood pressure, nausea, and vomiting from acute adrenal insufficiency
diately after childbirth, it is called Sheehan syndrome.

as 911) if you have symptoms of acute pituitary infarction, including:Eye weakness Headache Low blood pressure (which can ca

ester.In some cases, there is severe bleeding, or hemorrhage. The bleeding may stop on its own but can start again days or wee
esses, the growing uterus should "pull" the placenta toward the top of the womb. By the third trimester, the placenta should be

s.The biggest risk is that severe bleeding will require your baby to be delivered early, before major organs, such as the lungs, h

abdomen, or automobile accident Sudden loss of uterine volume (can occur with rapid loss of amniotic fluid or after a first twin
pregnancy High blood pressure during pregnancy (about half of placental abruptions that lead to the baby's death are linked to
e your health care provider right away, call your local emergency number (such as 911), or go to the emergency room if you are
d diagnosis and treatment of placental abruption Excessive blood loss, leading to shock Hidden (concealed) uterine bleeding in
he shoulder.Deep breathing, coughing, and chest movement makes the pain worse.Pleurisy can cause fluid to collect inside the
his inflammation also causes the sharp chest pain of pleurisy.It may also occur with:Asbestos-related disease Certain cancers C

onia who do not have AIDS usually get sick faster and are more acutely ill. Symptoms include:Cough -- often mild and dry Fever
However, it can cause a lung infection in people with a weakened immune system due to:Cancer Chronic use of corticosteroid
However, it can cause a lung infection in people with a weakened immune system due to:Cancer Chronic use of corticosteroid

ent. For moderate to severe pneumocystis pneumonia in people with AIDS, the short term use of corticosteroids has decreased
ich may be mild or high Shaking chills Shortness of breath (may only occur when you climb stairs)Additional symptoms include
Ways you can get pneumonia include:Bacteria and viruses living in your nose, sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs. You m
influenza) Difficulty swallowing (due to stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, or other neurological conditions) Chronic lung d
rings up bloody or rust-colored mucus Chest pain that worsens when you cough or inhale Night sweats or unexplained weight l
omplicated pneumonia include:Older adults or very young children People whose immune system does not work well People w
pneumothorax will cause more severe symptoms, including:Chest tightness Easy fatigue Rapid heart rate Bluish color of the sk
ng occurs without any cause. This is called a spontaneous pneumothorax. A small area in the lung that is filled with air, called a
e your risk for a collapsed lung.

he pastHow well a person does after having a collapsed lung depends on what caused it.
which may not have symptoms.General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise) Headache Red throat Slight fever Sore throat Vomiti
gm from the nose or mouth, or by contact with infected feces.The virus enters through the mouth and nose, multiplies in the th
n areas where there is an outbreak, those most likely to get the disease include children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Th
ur child's polio immunization (vaccine) is not up to date
 hich is the case more than 90% of the time, complete recovery is likely. Brain or spinal cord involvement is a medical emergenc
egular bleeding Infertility due to a lack of ovulation Increased hair growth on the face, chest, stomach, back, thumbs, or toes (h
omen with PCOS tend to have a mother or sister with PCOS. Researchers also think insulin could be linked to PCOS. Insulin is a h
amilies. Women with PCOS tend to have a mother or sister with PCOS.
tes of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced high blood pressure (pre-eclampsia), and premature delivery in wo
octor about treating all your symptoms, rather than focusing on just one aspect of your PCOS, such as problems getting pregna
as duodenal atresia, esophageal atresia, gastroschisis, and diaphragmatic hernia Brain and nervous system (neurological) probl
Drowsiness Slurred speech Bleeding easily Easy bruising Itchy skin Jaundice Nausea Peripheral swelling Weight loss Palms Redne
patitis Antiretroviral therapy Arsenicals Autoimmune disease Chronic hepatitis Crohn’s disease Familial cases Fatty liver Schistos
transfusion before 1992 Viral hepatitis Unprotected sexual intercourse Schistosomiasis in childhood Family history of heredita
ed veins around the umbilicus
er hepatic fibrosis. Most of the cirrhotic patients will develop the varices, at least once during the lifetime. Approximately 60%
ening again and again Repeated upsetting memories of the event Repeated nightmares of the event Strong, uncomfortable rea
or example, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 may have caused PTSD in some people who were involved, in people w
ptoms do not improve soon or are making you very upset, contact your doctor.Seek help right away if:You feel overwhelmed Yo

ou may have some of the following symptoms:Agitation or irritability Changes in appetite Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Fee
on-hormonal factors may also affect mood during this period:Changes in your body from pregnancy and delivery Changes in wo
erious medical health risks for the baby) Did not plan the pregnancy, or had mixed feelings about the pregnancy Had depression
pression begin at any time after delivery, even many months later It is hard for you to perform tasks at work or at home You ca

ook like bands, stripes, or lines Narrow bifrontal skull Rapid weight gain Skeletal (limb) abnormalities Slow mental development
nts with Prader-Willi syndrome are missing the genetic material on part of the father's chromosome. The remaining patients fre

ithout medical support. This may take weeks to months.A premature infant will have a lower birth weight than a full-term infa
ks gestation)If a woman goes into labor before 37 weeks, it is called preterm labor. Often, the cause of preterm labor is unknow
f the uterus History of preterm delivery Poor nutrition right before or during pregnancy Preeclampsia: the development of high
r health care provider or your state's department of health. Most state health departments have programs that provide prenat
the pregnancy, the greater the chance of survival. Of babies born at 28 weeks, at least 90% survive.&Prematurity can have long
poor concentration Vaginal dryness Decreased sexual desire Infertility Osteoporosis Low thyroid function, such as muscle hypo
order.Chromosomal defects: Studies demonstrate that certain genetic disorders may be associated with premature ovarian fai

Symptoms occur during the week just before menstrual bleeding and usually improve within a few days after the period starts
n 3% and 8% of women during the years when they are having menstrual periods.Many women with this condition have:Anxie
e with self-treatment Symptoms interfere with your daily life

first day of your last menstrual period) Go away 4 - 7 days after a menstrual period ends (during the first half of the menstrual c
drome may also respond differently to these hormones.PMS may be related to social, cultural, biological, and psychological fac

omplaints without medication. Call your health care provider if you suspect you are pregnant and are on medications for diabet
n at not being able to hear Certain sounds seeming overly loud Problems hearing in noisy areas Problems telling apart certain s
g loss occurs when the tiny hair cells are damaged or die. The hair cells do not regrow, so most hearing loss caused by hair cell d
ovider should have you get a hearing test.Contact your health care provider right away if you have a sudden change in your hea
ing home. Seek help from your health care provider and family and friends to avoid becoming isolated. Hearing loss can be man
ing stiff neck, seizures, altered mental status, hallucinations and eventually coma.
round the world in warm fresh water (like lakes, rivers, and hot springs) and soil. Humans become infected when water contain
 mming behaviors associated with the increased risk of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis include diving or jumping into th
ses of Naegleria fowleri are reported.

tigue Fatty deposits under the skin Fatty stools Itching Jaundice Soft yellow spots on the eyelid
m mistakenly attacks healthy tissue.The disease more commonly affects middle-aged women.Long-term bile obstruction is beli
d to other causes Vomiting blood
ts who've had the disease for 10 years will experience liver failure. Doctors can now use a statistical model to predict the best ti
cted by regular examinations:Fever Night sweat Unexplained weight loss Severe itchiness Painless swelling of the lymph nodes
mphocytes, or B cells.For most patients, the cause of this cancer is unknown. However, lymphomas may develop in people with
mune systems, such as people who receive organ transplants or infected with HIV, have an increased risk for non-Hodgkin lym
e as soon as possible:Hyperpyrexia and severe chill Severe and repeated infection
genase (LDH) level Performance status Clinical stage Sites of extranodal disease
ological gambling as having five or more of the following symptoms:Committing crimes to get money to gamble Feeling restless
viors. People with this problem have a hard time resisting or controlling the impulse to gamble.Although it shares features of ob

gambling again (relapse). However, people with pathological gambling can do very well with the right treatment.
al slowness of movement (bradykinesia) Jaw or face jerks or spasms Loss of coordination, unsteady gait (walking pattern) Mild-
areas are affected, including the part of the brainstem where cells that control eye movement are located. Also affected is an a
ve supranuclear palsy and the condition has declined so much that you can no longer care for the person at home.

ak or interrupted urine flow Frequent urination The urge to urinate frequently at night Hematuria (blood in the urine) Hematos
75. Prostate cancer is rarely found in men younger than 40.
ther or brother with prostate cancer Other people at risk include:Men exposed to agent orange Men who abuse alcohol Farme
Hematuria Hematospermia (blood in the seminal fluid)
health The level of PSA The stage of the prostate cancer Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery Whether the ca
They usually begin more slowly. Some people have no symptoms between episodes of prostatitis.Urinary symptoms include:Blo
titis.Some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can cause bacterial prostatitis, including chlamydia and gonorrhea. STDs are mor
ack (phimosis) Injury to the area between the scrotum and anus (perineum) Urinary catheter, cystoscopy, or prostate biopsy (r

n face, buffalo hump Supraclavicular fat pads Hirsutism and menstrual irregularities in women Thin skin with easy bruising and w

24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC): In this test, a patient’s urine is collected several times over a 24-hour period and tested for
care as soon as possible:Severe hypertension
reference ranges. But patients with chronic alcoholism often relapse.Template:WH Template:WS
ts Dental problemsSigns and symptoms in type 1a: Type 1a is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and is also called Alb
hosphorus, and vitamin D levels within the blood and bone.Persons with pseudohypoparathyroidism produce the right amount
ant manner.
as soon as possible:Severe tetany Seizures

hat causes the lining of the colon to become inflammed and bleed.The most common antibiotics associated with this condition
omembranous colitis

2 days Severe abdominal pain Signs of dehydration (dry skin, dry mouth, glassy appearance of the eyes, sunken soft spots on to

sing plants, and veterinarians are at increased risk for this infection. Typical birds involved are parrots, parakeets, and budgerig
more body systems.Short stature: Short arms and legs, with particularly short upper arms and upper legs. short fingers, often w
mones in the children's bodies such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, engaging what is known as the "fight or flight" respons

therapy. Family support, social networks, advocacy groups and adaptive products enable most people with psychogenic dwarfi
n Hearing, seeing, or feeling things that are not there (hallucinations) Thoughts that "jump" between unrelated topics (disorder
umors or cysts Dementia (including Alzheimer's disease) Degenerative brain diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's
, immediately take the person to the nearest emergency room to be seen by a doctor.
ication may be brief.Some chronic conditions, such as schizophrenia, may need life-long treatment with antipsychotic medicati
ave the potential to lead to serious pulmonary toxicity in the near future.
worse with the severity of the vomiting and diarrhea) Diarrhea (loose, watery stools) Failure to gain weight or weight loss Wav
of the thickening is unknown, although genetic factors may play a role.
ition is usually diagnosed by the time a child is 6 months old.
The doctor may detect the abnormal pylorus, which feels like an olive-shaped mass, when touching the stomach area. An ultra
on) Clay-colored stools Dark urine Fever, chills, nightsweats Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Unintentional weight loss We

Other new symptoms during or after treatment

nal pain Chest pain Jaundice Rash

o carry the bacteria. You can get Q fever by drinking raw (unpasteurized) milk, or after inhaling dust or droplets in the air that ar

t is recognized as the cause of symptoms

ore paralysis. Patients may experience one or more of the following signs or symptoms:Difficult in moving the limbs Unable to

is accompanied with complications such as score and pneumonia

ncephalitis. After infection, the incubation period is highly variable, but it lasts approximately 1–3 months. The disease progress

te of an infected animal.

future experimental therapeutics may be developed.

m the rectum Diarrhea or watery stools Feeling the need to have a bowel movement most or all of the time Pain in the rectal ar
ells that make up the lining of the intestines.
ctal cancer.
and cramping.
t ends.However, when this condition develops, symptoms may last for a long period of time. Long-term (chronic) enteritis is ra
t ends.However, when this condition develops, symptoms may last for a long period of time. Long-term (chronic) enteritis is ra
ctal cancer.
elling RashSymptoms due to Spirillum minus may include:Fever Chills Open sore at the site of the bite Rash -- may be red/purpl

om the mouth, eye, or nose of an infected animal. This most commonly occurs though a bite, yet some cases may occur simply

to be aloneCaregiver:Disregard for child's basic emotional needs for comfort, stimulation, and affection Disregard for child's b
y TouchingThe risk of neglect to the infant or child increases when the:Caregiver is mentally retarded Caregiver lacks parenting
adopted child.If you have recently adopted a child from a foreign orphanage or another situation where neglect may have occu

dy gait Vomiting Weakness

er (TBRF) is transmitted by the Ornithodoros tick and occurs in Africa, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Asia, and certain areas in the wester
In the mountains of California, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, infections are usually caused by Bor
d in a timely manner.
a, myocarditis, liver problems, or pneumonia are more likely to die.
od in the urine) Lower back pain on one side A mass or lump on one side of the lower back Fatigue and unexplained weight loss
aseHereditary papillary renal cell carcinomaHereditary leiomyomatosisBirt-Hogg-Dube syndromeHereditary renal oncocytomaL
soon as possible:Severe low back pain or abdominal pain A large amount of hematuria

art of the visual field of one eye Appearance of a curtain over the field of vision
erlying tissues.Retinal detachment often occurs on its own without an underlying cause. However, it may also be caused by trau
ricans.A retinal detachment is also more likely to occur in people who:Are extremely nearsighted Have had a retinal detachmen
hose with a retinal detachment can be successfully treated, although sometimes a second treatment is needed. However, the fi
costal retractions) Severe throat pain

gh-pitched breathing sounds (stridor) Muscles between the ribs pull in when breathing (intercostal retractions)
n make a full recovery.

y cause this condition in women who previously did not have a retroverted uterus.Enlargement of the uterus, either as the resu

Breathing problems: problems tend to get worse with stress; breathing is usually normal during sleep and abnormal while awa
t in the methl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene. This gene is on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, so
ls in a child, or if there are associated disorders that need treatment.
adolescence.Developmental regression or delays vary. Usually, a child with Rett syndrome sits up properly but may not crawl.
birth, the infant may have:Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice) Low muscle tone (hypotonia) and lethargy
ne system treats Rh-positive fetal cells as if they were a foreign substance and makes antibodies against the fetal blood cells. Th

y occur in patients with rhinitis, especially when the cause is as a result of allergies. Dark circles may later appear under the eye
When a person with allergic rhinitis breathes in an allergen, the body responds by releasing chemicals that cause the allergy sym
ons that are cause by allergies such as asthma are at a greater risk. Exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollutants can also incre
help if your symptoms do not respond to treatment or if the treatment no longer works.

de:Bad breath or loss of smell Cough, often worse at night Fatigue and generally not feeling well Fever Headache -- pressure-lik
n no bacteria or other germs. Usually, mucus is able to drain out and air is able to circulate.When the sinus openings become b
he cilia from working properly, such as Kartagener syndrome and immotile cilia syndrome. Changes in altitude (flying or scuba d
-the-counter pain medicine You have a fever You still have symptoms after taking all of your antibiotics properlyA green or yello
auses such as nasal polyps or other problems, such as allergies.
p Cry with few or no tears Unusually sleepy or fussy Adults who get rotavirus disease tend to have milder symptoms.
verely infected by rotavirus. Older adults have, to some extent, a risk of getting infected. Adults who are caring for infected chi

metimes be felt like gently prodded.*Children tumor: The tumor presents as a palpable mass in the sacropelvic region compres

geal teratoma, the level is high.Ultrasound: This test uses ultrasound to presentate the image of the tumor. It can show a mass
edical care as soon as possible:Mirror syndrome Polyhydramnios Preterm labor
of the tumorThe patient’s general healthWhether the tumor has just been diagnosed or has recurred
che Abdominal pain Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting Loss of appetiteThe illness usually lasts 4 to 7 days. Symptoms of salmonellosis
onella is a ubiquitous and hardy bacteria that can survive several weeks in a dry environment and several months in water. The
l other persons.Persons at risk of severe disease or complications, include:Children Elderly Immunocompromised personsSalm
eeds to be hospitalized. In these patients, the Salmonella infection may spread from the intestines to the blood stream, and the
eeds to be hospitalized. In these patients, the Salmonella infection may spread from the intestines to the blood stream, and the
 iver and spleen enlargement. Initial invasion of the skin may cause itching and a rash (swimmer's itch). In this condition, the sch
of water.On contact with humans, the parasite burrows into the skin, matures into another stage (schistosomula), then migrat

known to exist or if you have been exposed to contaminated or suspect bodies of water.

ily function, or abnormal thoughts.Psychosis and mood problems may occur at the same time, or by themselves. The course of
believe it is a separate disorder from schizophrenia.Schizoaffective disorder is believed to be less common than schizophrenia a
elplessness Inability to care for basic personal needs Increase in energy and involvement in risky behavior that is sudden and no
. However, long-term treatment is often needed, and results can vary from person to person.
nt or enjoy close relationships, even with family members
chizoid personality disorder is not as disabling as schizophrenia. It does not cause hallucinations, delusions, or the complete dis
ng the help or support that might improve the outcome.Limiting emotional intimacy may help people with this condition make
People with any type of schizophrenia may have difficulty functioning in social situations and working. They may also have pro
nts may trigger schizophrenia in people who are genetically at risk for it. You are more likely to develop schizophrenia if you ha
helmed. You are seeing things that aren't really there. You feel you cannot leave the house. You are unable to care for yourself
unctioning and are at risk for repeated episodes, especially during the early stages of the illness.People with schizophrenia may
y also have unusual preoccupations and fears, such as fears of being monitored by government agencies.More commonly, how
sorder should not be confused with schizophrenia. People with schizotypal personality disorder can have odd beliefs and beha
our child may have this problem

duals per year develops a vestibular schwannoma. Symptoms may develop at any age but usually occur between the age s of 3
toms include:Abnormal sensation of movement (vertigo) Hearing loss in the affected ear Ringing (tinnitus) in the affected earLe
mall section of DNA responsible for a particular characteristic like hair color or skin tone). Scientists believe that this particular g

tures in the skull.

n (weight loss is more common with other forms of depression) Increased sleep and daytime sleepiness (too little sleep is mor
e in places with long winter nights are at greater risk for SAD. A less common form of the disorder involves depression during th
g yourself or anyone else.

the following:Weakness Bone deformities Poor growth, bowed limbs and swollen joints in children Bone pain Osteomalacia, os

phosphorus, and vitamin D levels within the blood and bone.When calcium levels are too low, the body responds by increasing
her of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Bone pain Fractures

seizure depend on what part of the brain is involved. They occur suddenly and may include:Change in alertness; the person can
ernous malformation is a treatable medical condition that can cause seizures, headaches, and brain hemorrhages. An MRI can
zure disorderReport all seizures to the person's health care provider. The doctor may need to adjust or change the person's me
month. (The first month of school does not count, because shyness is common during this period.)
with this condition have some form of extreme social phobia.Parents often think that the child is refusing to speak, but usually

bly into adulthood.

to go to sleep without the primary caregiver nearby Repeated physical complaints Worry about losing or harm coming to the p
wledge of what is ordinary and what may be dangerous, so new situations or experiences seem usual, and not frightening.In no

olescence, it may signal the development of an anxiety disorder.

g properly.A change in mental status and hyperventilation may be the earliest signs of sepsis. In general, symptoms of sepsis ca
with peritonitis) The kidneys (upper urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis) The lining of the brain (meningitis) The liver or the
ovement. Symptoms in newborns or infants:Cries when infected joint is moved (example: diaper change causes crying if hip join
when the joint is directly infected with a microorganism from an injury or during surgery. The most common sites for this type
(such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and sickle cell disease) Intravenous (IV) or injection drug use Medications that suppres

he order of how commonly they appeared have included:Fever Chills and shaking Muscle aches Cough HeadacheLess common
d droplets spray into the air. You can catch SARS if you breathe in or touch these particles. The SARS virus may live on hands, ti

te was higher than 50 percent. Many more were sick enough to require mechanical ventilation. And more still were sick enough
avy feeling in pelvis Pain in lower abdomen Bleeding from the vagina Weight loss, loss of appetite Abnormal periodsOther heal

udies show that fertility drugs, androgens and estrogen replacement therapy may increase the risk. Pregnancy:Increasing age a
as possible:A large amount of bleeding from the vagina

size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the ovaries Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recu
ng Itching and redness in the genital area Anal itching
sites and viruses. There are more than 20 types of STDs, including Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Herpes Simplex, HIV/AIDS, HPV, Syph

llary hair Low blood pressureNote: Symptoms other than inability to breast feed may not develop for several years after the de
and is located at the base of the brain. It normally produces hormones that stimulate breast milk production, growth, reproduc

cramping Acute (sudden) fever Blood, mucus, or pus in stool Crampy rectal pain (tenesmus) Nausea and vomiting Watery diarr
ost cases of shigellosis in the United States. Shigella flexneri, or "group B" Shigella, cause almost all other cases. Shigella dysent
rs in developing countries and workers or residents of refugee camps.The condition is most commonly seen in day care center
ur in a person with shigellosis:Confusion Headache with stiff neck Lethargy SeizuresSuch symptoms are most common in childr

nnot exit a blocked duct, it backs up into the gland, causing pain and swelling of the gland. There are three pairs of major saliva

in.If the person has repeated stones or infections, the affected salivary gland may need to be surgically removed.
rs to days. These crises can affect the bones of the back, the long bones, the chest, and various other organs.Some patients hav
obin S changes the shape of red blood cells, especially when the cells are exposed to low oxygen levels. The red blood cells bec
ean, and the Middle East.

patients can live into their 50s or beyond.Causes of death include organ failure and infection. Some people with the disease ex

RX5 and PSU1 genes. Pearson syndrome DIDMOAD syndrome Mitochondrial SLC25A38 Erythropoietic protoporphyria Acquired
city Drugs Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Chloramphenicol Cycloserine Azathioprine Copper deficiency Pyridoxine deficiency Hypother

ilicosis:Cough Fever Severe breathing difficulty Weight loss

ores. Silica is a main part of sand, so glass workers and sand-blasters are also exposed to silica.Three types of silicosis exist:Simp
ructionSand blastingStone cutting
essive daytime sleepiness) Problems with sticking to a regular sleep schedule (sleep rhythm problem) Unusual behavoirs durin
should be suspected in people who snore loudly, wake frequently to urinate at night, and wake up in the morning unrefreshed

hoppy than sleep in younger people. A healthy 70 year old may wake up four times during the night without it being due to dise

n their own or when the person is touched or moved. Rarely, the person may have dream-like sensations or hallucinations, wh
episodes.Though this condition may occur with narcolepsy, many people who do not have narcolepsy have isolated sleep para
oint pains, and itching. Invasion of the circulatory and lymphatic system by the parasites is associated with severe swelling of lym
d, causing episodes of fever, headache, sweating, and swelling of the lymph nodes. When the infection spreads to the central n
only found in travelers who have visited or lived in those African areas.

g sickness" disease and gets worse more quickly, often over a few weeks. Both diseases should be treated immediately.
swelling Fever Hoarseness or changing voice Swallowing difficulty Weakness
C are due to cigarette smoking. SCLC is rare in those who have never smoked.SCLC is the most aggressive form of lung cancer. It

l alive 5 years after diagnosis.Treatment can often prolong life for 6 - 12 months, even when the cancer has spread.
gh that does not go awayChest painHoarsenessWeight loss and loss of appetiteBloody sputumShortness of breathIterative infe
ue to cigarette smoking. SCLC is rare in those who have never smoked.SCLC is the most aggressive form of lung cancer. It usuall
far the leading risk factor for lung cancer, especially for small cell carcinoma of the lung. Women and children are the usual vic
o awaySevere chest painA large amount of bloody sputumSevere shortness of breath
wing:The stage of the cancerThe blood level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)The patient’s gender and general health
omfort or abdominal pain: It is relatively mild pain or no pain may be present with life-threatening condition. With the develop
rohns disease is a kind of immune system disease in small intestine. This disease can affect any part of the small intestine, espe
tive system cancer. So, if you have those symptoms, you had better go to see your doctor to do some tests. They include lab tes
ossible:Severe abdominal pain: The reason of a person with small intestine cancer appears severe abdominal pain is sometime
e tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the small intestine The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just be
eit) Malaise Pain Vomiting
eliminated.
sk of being infected. Before the eradication, people at higher risk were the ones who had physical contact with infected patien
unlikely, unless you have worked with the virus in a laboratory or there has been an act of bioterrorism.
carring Severe bleeding Skin infections (from the sores)
of being watched and judged by others, and of doing things that will embarrass them. They can worry for days or weeks before
with overprotective parents or limited social opportunities.Males and females are affected equally with this disorder.People wi

lump that is growing anywhere on your bodyAbdominal painHematochezia or hematemesisBlack, tarry stoolsOther health pro
h other kind of cancers such as lymphoma and breast cancer may develop sarcomas from radiation therapy. The sarcoma often
a tiny round piece of tissue. Then, the pathologists can detect the tissues under the microcope.Computed tomography (CT) sca
oon as possible:Severe abdominal painHemorrhage in gastrointestinal tract such as hematochezia or hematemesis, or even sh
e size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the locationThe patient’s general healthWhether the sarcoma has
ents are often very worried or stressed about their pain.
ain disorder seem to experience painful sensations in a way that increases their pain level. Pain and worry create a cycle that is

he pain.Seeking out a mental health professional who has experience treating people with chronic pain has been shown to imp
of bladder or bowel control Partial or complete lack of sensation Partial or complete paralysis of the legs Weakness of the hips,
he tissues covering the spinal cord). Spina bifida refers to any birth defect involving incomplete closure of the spine.Myelomeni
ncluding bulging soft spot, irritability, extreme sleepiness, and feeding difficulties Symptoms of Meningitis menigitis develop, in
problems within the spinal cord can develop later in life, especially after the child begins growing rapidly during puberty. This ca
nsory changes Weakness Paralysis

ngenital conditions (tethered cord) Osteoporosis Ankylosing spondylitis Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine

hat you are unable to move. You may also have numbness.The pain most often occurs on one side of the body.With a lumbar (lo
avel down your back, forming the spinal cord. Nerve roots are large nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and leave your
degeneration of the discs. Smoking. Smoking tobacco increases your risk of disc herniation because it decreases oxygen levels

onths to a year or more to resume all activities without pain or strain to the back. People with certain occupations that involve
symptoms include:Chills Joint pain Nausea and vomiting
liver disease include alcoholic cirrhosis and other diseases that lead to cirrhosis, such as viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B or C). Sponta

struction from scar tissue Sepsis

od for SLEV disease (the time from infected mosquito bite to onset of illness) ranges from 5 to 15 days. Onset of illness is usuall
ruses found in the Americas include West Nile virus and Powassan virus. SLEV has a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genom
recreational activities and those living in low-income areas. SLEV infection is thought to confer life-long immunity against re-inf

l symptomsAbdominal pain - At first the location may be in the upper or middle abdomen. It is typically a relatively mild pain. W
en over age 40. This form of gastric cancer is very common in Japan, Chile, and Iceland.The rate of most types of gastric adenoc
abdominal pain - The reason a person with stomach cancer appears to have severe abdominal pain is mostly because of gastric
t metastases
y, and usually include some of the following:Sudden fever Red throat, sometimes having white patches Sore throat Headache
r. People with strep are contagious for 24-48 hours after starting antibiotics, and should not go to school or work.To prevent sp
ich may be mild or high Shaking chills Shortness of breath (may only occur when you climb stairs)Other symptoms include:Con
Ways you can get pneumonia include:Bacteria and viruses living in your nose, sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs. You
arette smoking Difficulty swallowing (due to stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, or other neurological conditions) Immune s

mplicated pneumonia include:Older adults or very young children People whose immune system does not work well People wi
tion that is severe or involves the brain Liver failure Thyroid conditions that cause low thyroid hormone levels or very high thyro
turn quickly.
rced, almost explosive sound to speech. The person may appear to be struggling to speak.Stressful social situations and anxiet
or a small number of children (less than 1%), stuttering does not go away and it may get worse. This is called developmental stu
he symptoms last for more than 3 - 6 months
kely to last into adulthood.
g or spasms) School problems Seizures Unsteady gait Very tense muscles or muscles that lack tone, with weakness in both legs
ause severe illness and death. This leads to brain inflammation (swelling and irritation) that may last for years.SSPE has been re
affected than females, and the disease generally occurs in children and adolescents

ness on one side of the body Numbness Neck pain Double vision Nausea and vomiting Sudden or decreased consciousness Per

as stroke and seizures. Severity of symptoms from the beginning The patient's general condition
urred speech Visual disturbances WeaknessIn infants:Bulging fontanelles (the "soft spots" of the baby's skull) Feeding difficulti
atomas are among the deadliest of all head injuries. The bleeding fills the brain area very rapidly, compressing brain tissue. Thi
lls Repeated head injury Very young or very old age
injury.Spinal injuries often occur with head injuries, so try to keep the person's neck still if you must move him or her before h
treatment is obtained.Acute subdural hematomas present the greatest challenge, with high rates of death and injury. Subacute
ons with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. children near pigs at a fair or workers in the swine industry). In addition, there have been
ugh February 2009, 12 cases of human infection with swine influenza have been reported.
tite and coughing. Some people with swine flu also have reported runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
d pork and pork products is safe. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 160°F kills the swine flu virus as it does other bact
hen people are in close proximity to infected pigs, such as in pig barns and livestock exhibits housing pigs at fairs. Human-to-hu
ted. Four days before getting sick, the patient visited a county fair swine exhibition where there was widespread influenza-like i
rson is most likely to be shedding virus). However, some persons, especially children, may shed virus for 10 days or longer. Iden
While most swine influenza viruses have been susceptible to all four drugs, the most recent swine influenza viruses isolated from
monia in at least 4 soldiers and 1 death; all of these patients had previously been healthy. The virus was transmitted to close co
otection from H1N1 swine flu viruses.
rged lymph nodes in the area containing the chancreThe bacteria continue to multiply in the body, but there are few symptoms
n or mucus membranes, usually of the genitals. Syphilis is most often transmitted through sexual contact, although it also can b
other STD, or have engaged in any high-risk sexual practices, including having multiple or unknown partners or using intraveno
sually goes away within weeks, in some cases it may last for up to 1 year. Without treatment, up to one-third of patients will h
ey pass segments of the worm in their stool, especially if the segments are moving.
m (T. solium).In the human intestine, the young form of the tapeworm from the infected meat (larva) develops into the adult ta

ea or vomiting Frequent urination

d use of condoms.Adolescent pregnancy is a complex issue with many reasons for concern.Younger adolescents (12 - 14 years o

control methods, sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention, or pregnancy risk.

completing their education. Women who have a baby during their teen years are more likely to live in poverty.Teen mothers w
upper arms, shoulder, and hips Throbbing headache on one side of the head or the back of the head Scalp sensitivity, tendern
he head, especially in the temporal arteries that branch off from a blood vessel in the neck called the carotid artery. However,

the scalp, temples, or back of the neck, and possibly in the shouldersThe pain may occur as an isolated event, constantly, or da
e occurs two or more times a week for several months or longer, the condition is considered chronic. Chronic daily headaches
t had these symptoms with a headache before. The headache starts very suddenly. The headache occurs with repeated vomitin
act on the quality of life and work.
of the following symptoms:Chest pain Cough Shortness of breath Abdominal pain Lump Abnormal bleeding from the vagina Fati
ancers are often associated with these tumors, including:Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma M

ssible:Shortness of breath Severe abdominal pain A large amount of bleeding from the vagina
neral health
f a man notices anything unusual about his testicles, he should talk with his doctor. Men should see a doctor if they notice any

men die of this disease each year. Testicular cancer occurs most often in men between the ages of 20 and 39, and is the most co
). Men who have had testicular cancer should see their doctor regularly and should report any unusual symptoms right away. F
vomiting Light-headednessAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:Testicle lump Blood in the semen
uma to the scrotum, particularly if significant swelling occurs. It may also occur after strenuous exercise or may not have an obv

the likelihood that the testicle will need to be removed increases. However, even with less than 6 hours of torsion, the testicle
uth or swallow. If this happens, you could die of suffocation.Trismus, or lockjaw Facial spasms called risus sardonicus Stiffness o
r in places that harbor anaerobic bacteria, but the rust itself does not cause tetanus nor does it contain more C. tetani bacteria.
et a tetanus shot, or booster, every 10 years. If you get a bad cut or burn, see your doctor--you may need a booster.
halessemia major (Cooley's anemia) are normal at birth, but develop severe anemia during the first year of life.Other symptoms
these proteins.There are two main types of thalassemia:Alpha thalassemia occurs when a gene or genes related to the alpha g

oms develop
the body helps improve the outcome.Less severe forms of thalassemia usually do not result in a shorter life span.
alled petechia)Other symptoms depend on the cause.
ets in the bloodstream Increased breakdown of platelets in the spleen or liverYour bone marrow may not make enough platele

ed Skin redness (not always present) Warmth and tenderness over the vein
develop blood clots Sitting for a long period of time (such as on a long airplane trip)There are two main types of thrombophleb
e with treatment, if symptoms get worse, or if new symptoms occur (such as an entire limb becoming pale, cold, or swollen).

aty skin Skin flushing Increased appetite Weight loss Restlessness Nervousness Heat intolerance Trembling hands Palpitations In

ms:A nodule, lump, or swelling in the neck, which may be perceptible by touch Pain in the throat/neck Vocal hoarseness Difficu
therapy to the neck area, or as children are at higher risk for developing thyroid cancer. Radiation therapy was commonly used
n in regions characterized by iodine-deficient diets. Radiation exposure Patients over the age of 45-years

de the thyroid gland Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery Patient's age Size of the tumor
ess Swollen lymph nodes Flu-like symptoms Stiff neckThe symptoms below refer to the problems resulting from the bite itself, n
cky Mountain spotted fever Tularemia

otics are often given to people who live in areas where Lyme disease is common.
or other mouth area Usually painless at first (may develop a burning sensation or pain when the tumor is advanced) Usually sm
e mouth (palate).Most oral cancers look very similar under the microscope and are called squamous cell carcinomas. These are

ve a lesion of the mouth or lip or a lump in the neck that does not go away within 1 month. Early diagnosis and treatment of or
other tissues, the cure rate is nearly 75%. Unfortunately, more than half of oral cancers are advanced at the time the cancer is d

and increased redness in the skin foldsSevere difficulty swallowing or breathingTender or swollen lymph glands in the neck
om school or day care until they have been on antibiotics for 24 hours. This helps reduce the spread of illness.
s, loss of voice
ction in the body.They may become so overwhelmed by bacterial or viral infection that they swell and become inflamed, causin

more than one course of antibiotics.Complications of untreated strep tonsillitis may be severe. Children with tonsillitis related
k muscles (possibly present at birth)
occurs without a known cause, it is called idiopathic torticollis.Torticollis may develop in childhood or adulthood. Congenital tor
n injury or with illness may be serious. Seek immediate medical help if this occurs.
mpressed in the neck.The muscle itself may become large (hypertrophic) due to constant stimulation and exercise.Botulinum t
other tics may follow. A tic is a sudden, fast, repeated movement or sound.Symptoms of Tourette syndrome can range from tin
sed down through families, although the gene has not yet been found.The syndrome may be linked to problems in certain area
of symptoms go away without returning.Patients usually have normal intelligence and live a normal-length life.
rt rate Shock
toxic" means that this complication occurs with infection or inflammation.This is not the same as other forms of megacolon, su

ailure (usually kidneys and liver) Redness of eyes, mouth, throat Seizures Widespread red rash that looks like a sunburn -- skin p
ation Surgery Tampon use (particularly if you leave on in for a long time) Use of barrier contraceptives such as a diaphragm or v

he brain, lung, heart, eyes, or liver. Symptoms in persons with otherwise healthy immune systems:Enlarged lymph nodes in the
t from:Blood transfusions or solid organ transplants Carelessly handling cat litter, which can lead to accidental consumption of
in an immunosuppressed person or in a baby, or if confusion, seizures, or other severe symptoms develop.

er, a cough that gets worse, and trouble breathing.

ve a rhythm An overwhelming urge to make the movement Brief and jerky movements that include the following: Blinking Clen

ether the movements are a tic or a seizure, call your health care provider right away.

clude:Localized lower back pain Sudden paresthesias (abnormal sensations such as burning, tickling, pricking, or tingling) in the
ay result from viral infections or abnormal immune reactions. Transverse myelitis also may occur as a complication of syphilis, m
r of new cases per year) appears to occur between 10 and 19 years and 30 and 39 years. Although only a few studies have exam
provement within the first 3 to 6 months, significant recovery is unlikely. About one-third of people affected with transverse m
pain, fever, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea, although with norovirus vomiting may be more prominent. Untreated bacterial diar
is responsible for approximately 70% to 80% of all cases of traveler's diarrhea.
ally divided into 3 grades of risk: low, intermediate, and high.Low-risk countries include the United States, Canada, Australia, N
suppression of immunity (e.g. transplant patients or HIV-positive patients), the prognosis may be poorer, and prompt diagnosis
ead through sexual contact with an infected partner. This includes penis-to-vagina intercourse or vulva-to-vulva contact. The pa
flammation. Some people with symptoms get them within 5 to 28 days after being infected, but others do not develop sympto
mune system, sexually active individuals engaging with multiple partners, and sexually active individuals who do not use condo
u have been exposed to the disease.

e leads to:Delay in the maturing of bones (skeletal maturation) Growth failure

onsequently, depending on which organ system is affected, the symptoms may be variable. The primary stage of TB often doesn
of the body such as the kidney, brain, and spine. If not well-managed, TB disease can be fatal. Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
for developing active TB:Elderly Infants Patients with weakened immune systems (AIDS, chemotherapy, diabetes, or certain me
oms continue in spite of treatment New symptoms develop

d treatment is begun quickly.The prognosis of multidrug-resistant TB is worse than that of tuberculosis susceptible to the regul
eadache Stiff neck (meningismus)Other symptoms that can occur with this disease:Agitation Bulging fontanelles in babies Decr
r site in the body. Tuberculous meningitis is a very rare disorder in the U.S.

g problems High-pitched cry Irritability Persistent unexplained feverCall the local emergency number if you develop any of the s

pertension Edema Oliguria Anuria Somnolence Hallucinations

 ardiac arrhythmia and electrolytes disturbance.
males:Absent or incomplete development at puberty, including sparse pubic hair and small breastsBroad, flat chest shaped like
somes, determine if you become a boy or a girl. Females normally have two of the same sex chromosomes, written as XX. Male

much blood, and increased blood pressure. Because of the increased blood volume, the recipient twin may develop cardiac fai
recipient twin.Both infants may have problems depending on the severity of the transfusion. The donor twin may have too litt

ere fatigue Slow, sluggish, lethargic feeling Weakness

bacteria enters your body, and goes into your intestines, and then into your bloodstream, where it can travel to your lymph no

elop. Also call your health care provider if you have had typhoid fever and relapse occurs or if severe abdominal pain, decrease
Symptoms may return if the treatment has not completely cured the infection.
mely high fever (105 - 106 degrees Fahrenheit), which may last up to 2 weeks Hacking, dry cough Headache Joint and muscle p
ction. Rickettsia typhi causes murine or endemic typhus. Endemic typhus is uncommon in the United States. It is usually seen in

eatment quickly should completely recover. Less than 2% of untreated patients with murine typhus may die. Prompt antibiotic t

leed. A group of medicines called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, are
ease Underlying cardiovascular disease Cirrhosis and portal hypertension Presence of H.pylori infection NSAID's or aspirin use i
ak, light-headed, or woozy Have a racing heartbeat Have severe belly pain Turn much paler than normal

that the baby is difficult to awaken. This usually occurs within the first week after birth.Symptoms include:Confusion Decrease
nia is produced from leftover amino acids, and it must be removed from the body.The liver produces several chemicals (enzyme
and develop the disease later in life.To get the other types of disorders, you need to receive a non-working copy of the gene fro
rea cycle disorder, seek genetic counseling before trying to get pregnant.A dietician is important to help plan and update a prot
ed dietBabies diagnosed in the first week of life and put on a protein-restricted diet right away do well.Sticking to the diet can l
ns. There may be no signs or symptoms in the early stages. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following:Trouble star
s doesn’t mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk. Risk factors for urethral canc
hra of both the female and male are generally curable. However, deeply invasive lesions are rarely curable by any combination
urning with urination Pressure or cramping in the lower abdomen (usually middle) or back Strong need to urinate often, even r
dder itself, which can spread to the kidneys.Most of the time, your body can get rid of these bacteria. However, certain conditi
or use of certain birth control methods such as diaphragms. Individuals with catheters are also at an increased risk for urinary
se may be signs of a possible kidney infection.Also call if you have already been diagnosed with a UTI and the symptoms come b
atment begins. If you have a kidney infection, it may take 1 week or longer for your symptoms to go away.
dingTrouble urinatingPelvic pain and pain during intercourseFatigue and unexplained weight lossOther health problems may als
.Hormone levels: Any change in the balance of estrogen and progesterone that leads to the production of more estrogen incre

The stage of uterine cancerWhether or not the tumor can be removed by surgeryThe patient’s general healthEndometrial cance
rual bleeding (menorrhagia), sometimes with the passage of blood clots Menstrual periods that may last longer than normal Pe
uation for the first time and before menopause).Fibroids usually affect women over age 30. They are rare in women under 20,
s Fullness or heaviness develops in your lower abdomen
d estrogen levels. The fibroids usually return to their original size after the baby is delivered.
s, tenderness, or pain Difficulty focusing on objectsIntermediate and Posterior Uveitis Floaters Blurry vision Difficulty focusing o
by inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis, or genetics. However,

thorough examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist along with urgent treatment to control the inflammation.
uveitis is caused by an underlying disorder that is left untreated. Uveitis is estimated to be responsible for approximately 10% o
eding, often after intercourse Abnormal vaginal discharge A mass that can be felt Pain during intercourseOther health problem
 increases the risk of developing clear cell carcinoma. Although it is very small, many doctors feel that any woman with adenosi
as possible:A large amount of vaginal bleeding
periencing. Some people feel even closer to their partners and have increased desire for sex during this time. Though pregnanc
health of the patient

ory of discomfort with sexual intercourse. Sometimes no cause can be found.Vaginismus is an uncommon condition. The exact

ul vaginal odor Discomfort or burning when urinating

tted infections (STIs) can also cause vulvovaginitis, as can various chemicals found in bubble baths, soaps, and perfumes. Enviro
tted infections (STIs) can also cause vulvovaginitis, as can various chemicals found in bubble baths, soaps, and perfumes. Enviro

nesses and weak immune systems Have been treated before with vancomycin or other antibiotics for a long time Have been in
tool Muscle pain Poor feeding Vomiting blood (very rare) Weight loss
are:Astrovirus Enteric adenovirus Norovirus (also called Norwalk-like virus). It is common among school-age children. Rotavirus

as these symptoms:Blood in the stool Confusion Dizziness Dry mouth Feeling faint Nausea No tears when crying No urine for 8

y with:Petechial rash Ecchymoses, sometimes with overt bleedingVascular endothelial damage may lead to:Shock, Pulmonary e
, such as Lassa fever, Lujo, Guanarito, Machupo, Junin, Sabia, and Chapare viruses Bunyaviruses, such as Rift Valley fever (RVF),
trol measures (filoviruses, arenaviruses, CCHF virus). Zoonotic spread includes the following:Livestock - via slaughter or consum
e skin and/or through body orificies, such as: mouth, eyes, or ears Fatigue Dizziness Muscle pain Weakness Exhaustion Seizures

e Muscle pain Nausea and vomiting Rash Sore throat Stiff neck
al abscesses Fungi Medications (cause a syndrome similar to meningitis) Mycobacteria (nontuberculous) Syphilis Tick-borne dis

ally recover fully 5 - 14 days after symptoms start. Fatigue and lightheadedness may last longer in some people.
en by the mother during pregnancy Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the baby or her mother Other medical conditions in the
constipation Fatigue, lack of energy, or light-headedness when standing up or with exertion Loss of appetite Pale skin Problem
as meat, poultry, shellfish, eggs, and dairy products. Your body must absorb enough vitamin B12. Your body uses a special prote

when the symptoms begin.

green materialSymptoms are usually severe enough that infants are taken early to the emergency room, which can be critical
to malrotation often occurs early in life, usually in the first year.

essel wall, which is necessary for normal blood clotting. There are several types of Von Willebrand disease.Von Willebrand dise
ucasian women than in African American women. The majority of women with heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding do NOT
you or your family notify the health care providers about your condition.
ay require treatment and need to avoid contact sports, but prognosis is still generally good. Women who have this condition ge
var itching or tendernessBleeding that is not your periodOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor
n is thought to be responsible for up to half of vulvar cancers overall, and most of the cases that occur in younger women. Hum
s possible:A large amount of bleeding in vulva
ust been diagnosed or has recurred
periencing. Some people feel even closer to their partners and have increased desire for sex during this time. Though pregnanc
nd Lump near back of lower jaw Jaw pain Sensation of pressure Facial nerve paralysis Tinnitus Impaired hearing EaracheOther
 movements called nystagmus) Double vision Eyelid droopingSymptoms of Korsakoff syndrome:Inability to form new memories
k of vitamin B1 is common in people with alcoholism. It is also common in persons whose bodies do not absorb food properly (
ndition and your symptoms get worse or return.
dinated movement and vision difficulties), and slow or stop the disorder from getting worse.Some symptoms -- especially the lo
de:Skin rash Fever Headache Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Loss of appetite Swollen lymph nodes (lymph glands) An achy feeling in
en, the virus has spread throughout the United States.The West Nile virus is a type of virus known as a flavivirus. Researchers b
nce of being bitten. People older than 50 are more likely to get very sick if they get West Nile Virus. People who already have he
go to an emergency room.If you have been bitten by an infected mosquito, there is no treatment to avoid getting West Nile vi
n. West Nile encephalitis or meningitis may lead to brain damage and death. Approximately 10% of patients with brain inflamm
ence (during sleep) Rectal prolapse
d if they swallow soil contaminated with whipworm eggs. When the eggs hatch inside the body, the whipworm sticks inside the
lar symptoms.

e thumb (2nd and 3rd fingers) Difficulty straightening the arm at the elbow Difficulty bending the hand back at the wrist, or eve
he upper arm. It also controls the ability to bend the wrist backward and helps with the movement and sensation of the wrist an

tial or complete loss of movement or sensation.Nerve pain may be uncomfortable and may last for a long period of time. If this
sh and looks like a raspberry. It is usually painless but does cause itching. These sores may last for months. More sores may app
but this disease is not sexually transmitted.
tted by direct contact with the skin sores of infected people.
own to occur.
in and bones. It may not be fully reversible, even with treatment.
le aches (myalgia) Red eyes, face, tongue Seizures Vomiting Vomiting blood
r has three stages:Early stage: Headache, muscle and joint aches, fever, flushing, loss of appetite, vomiting, and jaundice are co
n by an infected mosquito, symptoms usually develop 3 - 6 days later.
lop fever, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, or jaundice, especially if you have traveled to an area where yellow fever is know

g sinuses Sinus pain or congestionSymptoms of lung (pulmonary) zygomycosis include:Cough Coughing blood (occasionally) Fev
ut people with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to infection.Syndromes associated with zygomycosis include:R
ansplantation, leukemia, lymphoma, treatment with deferoxamine, and AIDS.
eye swelling, or any of the other symptoms listed above.
d your overall health.

ream. For more information on this part of the body, see lymph system.The lymph glands, or nodes, are small structures that fi
me until recovery occurs will vary depending on the underlying cause.
p) Flushed rounded face with pudgy cheeks (moon face) Obesity Stunted growth in height (short stature) Virilization - the appe
rome that is passed down through families (inherited). Both men and women can develop this tumor. Adrenocortical carcinom

thin 1 to 3 years.
oss Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Hypotension Hypoglycemia HeadacheOther health problems may also cause these symptom
osis Amyloidosis AIDS -associated infections Cancer Surgical removal of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus
are. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Sudden, penetrating p
adrenal insufficiency, whether the treatment protocols are adjusted or not.
what is considered normal for her age and height (15% or more below the normal weight) Have a body image that is very disto
thin body types may also be involved. Family conflicts are no longer thought to contribute to this or other eating disorders. Ano
ng eating problems during infancy or early childhood Certain social or cultural ideas about health and beauty Having a negative
n make an eating disorder less severe.
ple with the condition return to a normal weight, but it is common for the disease to return.Women who develop this eating d
man syndrome can present with similar symptoms.
n the kidney's ability to reabsorb potassium. As a result, the kidneys remove too much potassium from the body. This is also kn
most patients remain well with ongoing treatment, some develop kidney failure.
ain that comes and goes Bright red flushing of the face Diarrhea (may be explosive and severe) Heart palpitations Hypotension
ndrome occurs only 10% of the time, usually after the tumor has spread to the liver or lung. These tumors release too much of t
f they have a gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, especially if it has metastasized i.e spread to the liver.

syndrome, the tumor has usually spread to the liver, which lowers the survival rate. People with carcinoid syndrome are also m
. It may be associated with delirium or dementia.
th existing neurological disease such as a stroke Infections Lack of sleep (sleep deprivation) Low blood sugar Low levels of oxyg

w or rapid breathing Uncontrolled shivering Confusion has come on suddenly in someone with diabetes. Confusion came on afte
wollen tongue Hoarse cry Low muscle tone Cold intolerance Persistent constipation Fatigue and weakness Little to no growth W
or abnormal formation of thyroid hormonesIncomplete development of the thyroid is the most common defect and occurs in a

s or procedures
better outcome the baby will be.
include:Fatigue Foamy appearance or excessive frothing of the urine Frequent hiccups General ill feeling Generalized itching H
lly when hypertension is also present. In some cases, your genes or family history may also play a role. Not all persons with dia
y history of kidney disease or high blood pressure Poor control of blood pressure Poor control of blood sugar Type 1 diabetes b
ephropathy, or if new symptoms develop, including little or no urine output.
n the United States, and often leads to the need for dialysis or kidney transplantation. The condition slowly continues to get wo
devolpment, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Bleeding Blurred vision and gradual vision loss, and eve

octor if any of the following symptoms are new or are becoming worse:You cannot see well in dim light. You have blind spots.*

to a serious blood infection with the bacteria E. coli.Convulsions Irritability Lethargy Poor feeding (baby refuses to eat formula
The rate is different for other groups.There are three forms of the disease:Galactose-1 phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency

people who avoid galactose.

rmal after delivery.Symptoms may include:Blurred vision Fatigue Frequent infection s, including those of the bladder, vagina, a

hed more than 9 pounds or had a birth defect Have sugar (glucose) in your urine when you see your doctor for a regular prenat

betes tend to have larger babies at birth. This can increase the chance of problems at the time of delivery, including:Birth injury

up in certain tissues. When glycogen is not broken down properly, it leads to low blood sugar.Von Gierke disease is inherited, w

refully treated at a young age can live into adulthood.Early treatment also decreases the rate of severe problems such as:Gout

es.Pompe disease is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. If both parents carry the defective gene related

rtain tissues. When glycogen is not broken down properly, it leads to low blood sugar.Cori disease is inherited, which means it
 treated at a young age can live into adulthood.Early treatment also decreases the rate of severe problems such as:Life-threate
windpipe and esophagus, which can lead to:Breathing difficulties (may rarely occur with very large goiters) Cough Hoarseness S
to meet the body's needs. The thyroid gland makes up for this by becoming larger.There are two types of simple goiter:Endemi

mone. This condition is called hypothyroidism.Occasionally, a goiter may become toxic and produce thyroid hormone on its ow

p voice. Estrogens are hormones that create female characteristics. Changes in the levels of these hormones, or in how the bod
re is a skin sore or ulcer over the breast. A breast lump feels hard or firm.

nism, the excess aldosterone is caused by something outside the adrenal gland that mimics the primary condition. Primary hype

pattern (hirsutism) such as on the face, chin, and abdomen Oily skinVirilization:Clitoromegaly (enlargement of the clitoris) Deep
me (PCOS) can cause excess androgen production.Cushing's disease, an abnormality in the pituitary gland, causes excess amoun
umor may correct the problem. Most ovarian tumors are not cancerous (benign), and will not come back after they've been re

d chemical processes of the body).Hyperkalemia occurs when the level of potassium in the bloodstream is higher than normal.
m from inside the cells to the fluid outside the cells. Tissue injury can cause the cells to release potassium. Such injury includes:
weak heartbeat Changes in breathing pattern Loss of consciousness Nausea Weakness

attack, stroke or pregnancy are at highest risk for the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. This condition has also been seen in t
amps Decreased consciousness or mental stupor

than 65 years of age have worse outcomes. Whether other conditions such as, such as heart attack or renal failure are present.
n Increased sensitivity to heat and perspiration Nervousness, anxiety or irritability, difficulty sleeping Hand tremors Fatigue, mu

n as possible:Palpitation Severe hypertension

ility (possible aggression) Nervousness Rapid heart rate TremblingOther symptoms that may be associated with this disease:De
into the bloodstreamInsulin is a hormone that reduces blood sugar. It is produced by the pancreas in response to increased glu

k containing sugar.Get immediate medical help if a person with diabetes or a history of hypoglycemia loses alertness or if you c

rption syndromes, such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease Malnutrition Medications including amphotericin, cis

on Sensitivity to cold Visual disturbances Fatigue and weakness Headache Slowed growth and sexual development in children S
Tuberculosis Infiltrative diseases, such as sarcoidosis, histiocytosis X, and hemochromatosis. Severe loss of blood: Sheehan synd
ction of hormone replacement therapy.
highs. They are usually less than 2 inches or 5 centimeters in diameter. Large lipomas are usually less than 10 cm.

t drink enough fluids, dehydration can result. Symptoms may include:Dry mucous membranes Dry skin Sunken appearance to
essin. ADH normally tells the kidneys to make the urine more concentrated.As a result of the defect, the kidneys release an exc
men can pass the gene on to their children.Most commonly, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus develops because of other reasons

ds, high urine output may cause dehydration and high levels of sodium in the blood.Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus that is pres
ms may include: Feeling tired or weak Shaking or sweating Headache Hunger Nervousness, anxiety, or feeling irritable Unclear
 mach acid.Tumors that arise from islet cells of the pancreas can also produce a variety of hormones, though some do not.Altho

ually cannot cure patients.Life-threatening problems (such as very low blood sugar) can occur due to excess hormone producti
auma Loss of height (as much as 6 inches) over time Low back pain due to fractures of the spinal bones Neck pain due to fractu
out half of all women over the age of 50 will have a fracture of the hip, wrist, or vertebra (bones of the spine). Osteoporosis oc
sence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea) for long periods of time Drinking a large amount of alcohol Family history of osteopo

become severely disabled as a result of weakened bones. Hip fractures leave about half of the patients unable to walk independ
with this disease:Hand tremor High blood pressure Sleeping difficultySymptom attacks may occur at unpredictable intervals and
this kind of tumor occurs outside the adrenal gland, usually somewhere else in the abdomen.Very few pheochromocytomas ar

nts. Levels of the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine return to normal after surgery.
m Cushing syndrome Gigantism or acromegaly Nipple dischargeSymptoms caused by pressure from a larger pituitary tumor m

als Rapid height growth Breasts develpment Armpit or pubic hairBoysGrowth of the testes and penis Armpit or pubic hair, and f
a hormone called hCG

manage the menstrual cycle are produced The ovaries are not working correctlyThese problems may be due to:Genetic defect
f she has undergone other normal changes that occur during puberty. Primary amenorrhea may occur with or without other sig

that it can be corrected with medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery:Adrenogenital syndrome Chronic illness Congenital hear
om the breast in a woman who is not pregnant or nursing Breast tenderness in women Stopping of menstruation not related to
can significantly raise prolactin levels which should make stress a diagnostic differential though it usually is not considered suc
ous (benign). Prolactinoma may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) Prola

er has just been diagnosed or has recurred

n Increased sensitivity to heat and perspiration Nervousness, anxiety or irritability, difficulty sleeping Hand tremors Fatigue, mu

n as possible:Palpitation Severe hypertension

ndary amenorrhea include:Breast size changes Considerable weight gain or weight loss Discharge from the breast (galactorrhea
eive hormone shots such as Depo-Provera may not have any monthly bleeding. When they stop taking these hormones, their p
syndrome. Scarring may also be caused by some severe pelvic infections.
d treated, if necessary.

ms include:Nausea and vomiting Loss of appetite Fatigue and weakness Irritability Personality changes, such as combativeness S
esent like SIADH. The most common cause of SIADH is ectopic secretion of the antidiuretic hormone (also called arginine vasop
osis Pulmonary disease: Small cell lung cancer, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung abscess, tuberculosis,
uch as: Fatigue Vomiting Malaise Anorexia Headache It may progress to worsening or altered mental status, seizures, delirium,
ADH) also depends largely on its cause. If the cause is drugs, SIADH usually improves after stopping a drug. If SIADH is associated
the wrong foods, or do not get enough exercise.A medical problem or use of certain medication may also make you gain weigh
oss Sensitivity to cold Swollen feet and shortness of breath Uncontrollable hunger accompanied by palpitations, tremor, and sw
out your weight gain, such as:Are you anxious, depressed, or under stress ? Did you gain the weight quickly or slowly? Do you h
nly a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnose
 are as soon as possible:Severe burning sensation in the abdomen or heartburn Severe nausea, vomiting or diarrhea

pation Pre-menstrual or menstrual discomfort

mall bowel bacterial overgrowth Weight gainMore serious causes of abdominal distension or bloating are:Ascites which is fluid

ant Left-upper quadrant Right-lower quadrant Left-lower quadrantThe location of the pain, firmness, texture of the mass helps
e center of the lower abdomen above the pelvic bones, in extreme cases it can reach as far up as the navel. Cholecystitis can ca
sm, which is an emergency condition.Contact your doctor if you notice any type of abdominal mass.
oesn't always reflect the seriousness of the condition causing the pain.For example, you might feel severe abdominal pain if you
a doctor if your symptoms continue.Less serious causes of abdominal pain include:Constipation Food allergies or intolerance (su
nt Are unable to pass stool, especially if you are also vomiting Are vomiting blood or have blood in your stool (especially if it's m

or duodenum, or abdominal trauma or surgery, or examination. Other patients may have symptoms as the following:Low-grad

soon as possible:Severe abdominal pain Severe nausea and vomiting

, outcome of patient is poor.
w the right scapulaOther symptoms that may occur include:Clay-colored stools Fever Nausea and vomiting Yellowing of skin and
holecystitis occurs when bile becomes trapped in the gallbladder. The buildup of bile causes irritation and pressure in the gallb

have a fever or bloody stools.

drome or inflammatory bowel disease.A few of the more common causes of diarrhea include the following:Bacterial infections
t diarrhea can be serious for babies and older people if lost fluids are not replaced. Many people throughout the world die from
und the anus Visible redness and swelling If fistula becomes infected, fever and chillsOther health problems may also cause the
ammatory bowel disease, for example Crohn's disease Passage of hard stool Chronic diarrhea
possible:Discharge a lot of blood. Fever and chills

d notch in tip of tongue.

ue. This tissue is called the lingual frenulum.If the tissue reaches the tip of the tongue, a V-shaped notch may be seen.Tongue ti

py, or dull and may move to the back or below the right shoulder blade. Chills Fever Clay-colored stools Dark urine Nausea and
g this condition may also spread to the liver. Risk factors include a previous history of gallstones, sclerosing cholangitis, HIV, na
might catch a worm or parasite infection.

id and symptoms may occur with some causes of ascites.As more fluid collects, abdominal pain and bloating may occur. When
n) and low albumin levels.Cirrhosis and any illness that leads to it is a common cause of ascites. Long-term infections with hepa

the intestinal tract.When a section of the intestine is blocked by blind loop syndrome, bile salts needed to digest fats become in
IBD or scleroderma are also at risk.

ting (Mallory-Weiss tear) Bleeding stomach or duodenal ulcer Inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis) Lack of proper bloo
our doctor should examine you to make sure that there is no other, more serious cause present. In children, a small amount of

hing or laughing
upper abdomen that may: Come and go Be sharp, cramping, or dull Spread to the back or below the right shoulder blade Get w
obstruction.

elops, or if other symptoms suggestive of choledocholithiasis occur.

good.Biliary cirrhosis Cholangitis Pancreatitis
orsened by eating or drinking May be worsened by drinking alcohol May spread (radiate) to the back Digestive problems Fatty
ymes) needed to digest fat. It also interferes with insulin production, which may lead to diabetes.The condition is most often c

prove with treatment

more common with age. There are many types of polyps.Adenomatous polyps are a common type. They are gland -like growths
polyps A type of polyp called villous adenoma

which causes collapse. The reason why this occurs is not known.Other symptoms include:Bluish colored skin due to lack of oxyg
intestine, spleen, part of the liver, and the kidney appear in the chest cavity. The lung tissue on the affected side is thus not allo
ly increases your risk.
nt shows:Irregular chest movements Absent breath sounds on affected side Bowel sounds heard in the chest Abdomen feels le
brane of the anus, especially in children. This can cause bleeding and the possibility of an anal fissure.
d while it forms waste products, or stool. Muscle contractions in the colon then push the stool toward the rectum. By the time s
ng for 2.5 million physician visits a year. Those reporting constipation most often are women and adults ages 65 and older. Preg
habits, or weight loss have occurred. Most people with constipation do not need extensive testing and can be treated with cha
harp or severe abdominal pain, especially if you're also bloated Blood in your stool Constipation alternating with diarrhea Thin,
Nasal polyps (growths in the nose)Diarrhea or bulky, foul-smelling, greasy stools (mucus can block ducts in pancreas and preve
ein that doesn't work well. This causes thick, sticky mucus and very salty sweat. More than a thousand defects are known that c

c fibrosis, lung complications are currently the primary causes of morbidity and are responsible for 80% of mortality. At presen
have a fever or bloody stools.
drome or inflammatory bowel disease.A few of the more common causes of diarrhea include the following:Bacterial infections
t diarrhea can be serious for babies and older people if lost fluids are not replaced. Many people throughout the world die from
esent as a swollen or enlarged scrotum discomfort or sharp pain—especially when straining, lifting, or exercising—that improv

the doctor can feel the hernia as it moves into the groin or scrotum. The doctor checks to see if the hernia can be gently massa
ng Constipation Bleeding Inflammation FistulasIf you are bleeding, bright red blood will pass through your rectum. The rectum
found in many fruits and vegetables. Fiber stays in the colon and absorbs water, which makes bowel movements easier to pass
diverticular disease. Almost everyone over 80 has it. People who eat low fiber diets.

ous infections Rips in the pouches Fistula, which is a connection or passage between tissues or organs in the body that normall
ersome and occurs soon after the meal begins or when it is overBloating or nausea are less common symptoms.NOTE: Indigestio
nervousness High-fiber foods Tobacco smoking Too much caffeineOther causes of indigestion are:Gallstones Gastritis (when the
ossible heart attack symptoms.Call your health care provider if:Indigestion symptoms change noticeably Symptoms last longer
toms, including:Do you drink a lot of caffeinated beverages (tea, soda, coffee)? Do you eat quickly? Does it begin or get worse a
hat becomes worse Coughing up food that has not been digested Heartburn Nausea Sour taste in the mouthYou may have prob
lowing occurs without you being aware of what you are doing.A brain or nerve disorder can alter this fine balance in the muscl
hortness of breath You are losing weight Your swallowing problems are getting worse You cough or vomit up blood You have as
onnect with the lower esophagus and stomach. The top end of the lower esophagus connects to the windpipe. This connection

reathing difficulties.

o the stomach). Swallowing substances that harm the lining of the esophagus. These may include household cleaners, lye, disc

holds the abdominal organs in place.In a femoral hernia, a bulge is usually present in the upper part of the thigh, just below th

gallbladder cancer early. Sometimes, gallbladder cancers are found unexpectedly after removal of the gallbladder for other re
for gallbladder cancer. It is estimated that about 75% and 90% of people with gallbladder cancer have a history of gallstones. G
as possible:Severe abdominal pain, especially when accompanied with jaundice and fever
he following factors:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whet
gallbladder cancer early. Sometimes, gallbladder cancers are found unexpectedly after removal of the gallbladder for other re
for gallbladder cancer. It is estimated that about 75% and 90% of people with gallbladder cancer have a history of gallstones. G
as possible:Severe abdominal pain, especially when accompanied with jaundice and fever
he following factors:Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whet

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Smoking Stress Having an infection with bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori (H
the following symptoms:Blood vomiting or vomitus with yellow or green emesis Bloody or dark stools Unusual rapid heartbeat

st bone, and in the mid-abdomen. Most children under 12 years with GERD, and some adults, have GERD without heartburn. In
orking. Anatomical abnormalities such as a hiatal hernia may also contribute to GERD. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper pa
the following foods:Citrus fruits Chocolate Fatty and fried foods Garlic Onions Mint flavorings Spicy foods Tomato-based foods
Choking (coughing, shortness of breath) Early satiety (feeling filled up quickly when eating) Frequent vomiting Hoarseness Loss
ntrol their symptoms.
, tarry stools Larger amounts of blood passed from the rectum Small amounts of blood in the toilet bowl, on toilet paper, or in
s and conditions, such as the following cancers of the GI tract:Cancer of the colon Cancer of the small intestine Cancer of the sto
vomit material that looks like coffee grounds
vomit material that looks like coffee grounds
rouble or pain when swallowing. Feeling full after only a little food is eaten. Sometimes GISTs are smaller than the eraser on to
hereditary, familial, or idiopathic multi tumor syndromes. Common causes of GIST include mutation in proto-oncogenes such
is also increased in people with certain genetic syndromes such as Neurofibromatosis type 1, Carney-Stratakis syndrome and F
pears to have severe abdominal pain is mostly because of gastric wall perforation. This is the result of cancer invading and perf
r. Where the tumor is in the body. Whether the tumor can be completely removed by surgery. Whether the tumor has spread
al Early feeling of fullness after only a few bites of food Weight loss due to poor absorption of nutrients or low calorie intake Ab
nges in nerves and damages the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the nerves. Over time, high blood glucose can

olyte levels. To rule out an obstruction or other conditions, the doctor may perform the following tests:Upper endoscopy. Afte
e urinationIncreased appetiteInflamed mouth and tongueSkin rashWeight lossOther health problems may also cause these sym

s possible:Severe diarrhea
by surgeryThe stage of the tumor: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the pancreasThe patient’s gene
quid enters your stomach, a band of muscle at the end of your esophagus closes off the esophagus. This band is called the lowe
for high blood pressure Dopamine -like drugs for Parkinson's disease Progestin for abnormal menstrual bleeding or birth contr
nd a squeezing, crushing, or pressure in your chest. Sometimes people who think they have heartburn are having a heart attack
called dyspepsia. If the diagnosis is unclear, you may be sent to a doctor called a gastroenterologist for more testing.First, your
n ShockOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these sym
s Portal-hypertensive gastropathy Gastric cancer Polyp Dieulafoy lesionDuodenumPeptic ulcer Duodenitis Aortoenteric fistula P

aspiration) Bronchoscopy with biopsy Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Cancer Cystic fibrosis Inflammation of the blood vessels in the l
Dizziness Fever Light-headedness Severe shortness of breath
ymptoms:Abdominal pain and vague abdominal fullness: At first the location of the abdominal pain you are experiencing may b
Cirrhosis Inherited metabolic diseases such as hemochromatosis, tyrosinemia, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutane
as possible:Sudden severe abdominal pain and a decrease in blood pressure: The reason a person with hepatocellular carcinom
he size of the tumor, whether cancer has spread outside the liver The patient’s general health Whether cancer has just been di
ure Glycogen storage disease Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatocellular carcinoma Hereditary fructose intolerance Infec

Nausea and vomiting Weight gain Yellow skinMany other diseases of the kidney are associated with liver disease and must be e
gen-containing waste products build up in the bloodstream (azotemia).
Acute liver failure Alcoholic hepatitis CirrhosisOther risk factors include:Blood pressure that falls when a person rises or sudden

hanges in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool that lasts for more than a few daysCramping, ab
Person with a history of adenomatous polyps (adenomas) is at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, especially with la
le:Severe abdominal pain, severe abdominal distension, and stopping defecation: The reason of a person with colorectal cance
morLocation of the tumor in the colrectalWhether the cancer has distant spreadPatients's general healthWhether cancer remai
tion Indigestion and high level of fat in stool DiabetesOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can
gen "R122H", "N29I". Further more, hereditary pancreatitis has also been linked to an increased lifetime risk of pancreatic canc
k of permanent problems. Blood tests: Patients with hereditary pancreatitis may be detected high level of amylase and lipase,
medical care as soon as possible:Severe abdominal pain Severe diarrhea or vomiting
to an increased lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer, which is the 4th most leading cause of cancer deaths among Americans.

d to an increased risk for throat cancers.

weeks. You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks.

stage cancer. Many other factors such as a person's age, overall health, location of the cancer in the body, and the cancer respo
es out of the vagina, base of penis, scrotum, or urethra Swollen belly area
curs in about 1 out of 5,000 infants.
uggest the existence imperforate anus. And, if stool is excreted through the urine or from the vagina, imperforate anus would b
anus has abdominal pain or fails to develop any bowel control by the age of 3.

ch as lifting or coughing. The bulge may disappear when the patient is lying down, and be more visible when standing up. When

ough as he puts light pressure on the area. Coughing causes the hernia to bulge out further. CT scan: A CT scan may be a usefu
n as possible:Sharp abdominal pain
ersome and occurs soon after the meal begins or when it is overBloating or nausea are less common symptoms.Indigestion is NO
nervousness High-fiber foods Tobacco smoking Too much caffeineOther causes of indigestion are:Gallstones Gastritis (when the
wing. Rarely, the discomfort of a heart attack is mistaken for indigestion.Seek immediate medical help if your symptoms includ
toms, including:Does the discomfort begin or get worse after eating certain foods? Does it begin or get worse after drinking alc
esent as a swollen or enlarged scrotum discomfort or sharp pain—especially when straining, lifting, or exercising—that improve

developing indirect inguinal hernias because of the way they develop in the womb.
nd health of the patient. Complications from inguinal hernia surgery are rare and can include general anesthesia complications,
k often, increasing in both intensity and duration. An infant with severe abdominal pain may draw the knees to the chest while
cut off, the segment of intestine pulled inside can die.The pressure created by the walls of the intestine pressing together caus
times as often as girls
e:Abdominal x-ray Air or contrast enema
rders such as anxiety and depression, but it is important to understand that these conditions do not cause IBS. Symptoms may
nsitive and reactive to certain foods and stress. The immune system, which fights infection, may also be involved.Normal motil

minal bloating Abdominal cramps Diarrhea Gas (flatulence) Nausea

Children who were born at full term often do not show signs of the problem before they are 3 years old.Lactose intolerance is v
n Americans, 80 to 100 percent of American Indians, and 90 to 100 percent of Asian Americans are lactose intolerant. The cond
growing slowly or not gaining weight. You or your child has symptoms of lactose intolerance and you need information about fo
hildren may have growth problems.
ymptoms:Abdominal pain and vague abdominal fullness: At first the location of the abdominal pain you are experiencing may b
Cirrhosis Inherited metabolic diseases such as hemochromatosis, tyrosinemia, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutane
as possible:Sudden severe abdominal pain and a decrease in blood pressure: The reason a person with hepatocellular carcinom
he size of the tumor, whether cancer has spread outside the liver The patient’s general health Whether cancer has just been di

oid resection Transesophageal endoscopic mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy Transesophageal endoscopic myotomy Transes
ng of stomach contents (food or liquid) upwards (also called gastroesophageal reflux or GERD) Medications or medical treatme
rovider right away or seek medical care if you or another person has:Been vomiting for longer than 24 hours. Been unable to k
e face and then moves down to the chest, belly area, legs, and soles of the feet.Sometimes, infants with significant jaundice ha
removed from the body in the stool.Before birth, the placenta (the organ that nourishes the developing baby) removes the bili
4, and clears by 2 weeks. Physiological jaundice usually causes no problems.Other types of jaundice that usually cause no harm
en by age 72 hours. Infants sent home between 24 and 48 hours should be seen again by age 96 hours. Infants sent home betw
damage the brain. This is called kernicterus. However, the condition is almost always diagnosed before levels become high enou
drinking or eating food. Sometimes swallowing difficulties, known as dysphagia, can accompany the pain, but odynophagia is oft
onic painful swallowing may be related to another underlying cause. There are several medical conditions that can cause odyn
ch as stroke or Parkinson's disease, older adults are at higher risk of swallowing difficulties.
allergies. Talk to your doctor if you have recurring discomfort with swallowing.
prolonged symptoms.Left untreated, odynophagia and its underlying cause can lead to further complications. Weight loss may
hich may also be felt in the back Difficulty eating and digesting food
. The cyst happens when the ducts (tubes) in the pancreas are damaged by the inflammation or swelling that occurs during pan

diagnose pancreatic pseudocyst include:Abdominal CT scan Abdominal MRI Abdominal ultrasound

derness ThirstAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this disease include:Cloudy dialysis fluid (if undergoing peritone

s also occurs in patients who are on dialysis for kidney failure.

ppropriate treatment. If properly treated, typical cases of surgically correctable peritonitis (e.g. perforated peptic ulcer, append
a Dark freckles on and around the lips of a newborn Blood in the stool that can be seen with the naked eye (sometimes) Vomiti
types of PJS:Familial PJS may be due to a mutation in a gene called STK11. The genetic defect can be inherited through families

n such as intussusception.

sses slowly, so a person can have the disease for years before symptoms develop.Other symptoms may include:Enlarged liver E
e adults but the disease also occurs in children. The average age at diagnosis is 40. PSC is more common in men than women. H

s develop recurrent infections of the bile ducts. Some patients have worsening chronic liver disease with ascites and varices.Pati

s commonly from ovary and colon.

osis is 50 years old.
ominal pain warrants further evaluation and primary care visit is necessary.

e may be visible and may bleed slightly.

very and excessive straining during defection) Altered colonic motility
ous obstetrical trauma) Hormonal status (onset of menopause) Patients with any of the associated conditions listed above

problems that predispose them to prolapse.

gets worse, the child may be unable to stay awake and alert.Other symptoms of Reye syndrome:Confusion Lethargy Loss of con
ead trauma Hepatic failure due to other causes Meningitis Renal failure
nzae type B) are usually in children ages 10 - 14.Children with Reye syndrome get sick very suddenly. Reye syndrome usually fol

ng to normal within two weeks of the illness. In children, however, mild to severe permanent brain damage is possible, especia

left in the remaining bowel to absorb enough nutrients from food.This condition is likely to develop when one-half or more of t
el syndrome in infants.

hich fight infection; and platelets, which are necessary for normal blood clotting. In Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, the bone
een associated with pancreatic insufficiency, where the pancreas does not produce enough digestive enzymes.

th an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and sympto

provides instructions for making a protein whose function is unknown, although it is active in cells throughout the body. Resear

l infections (Hepatitis) Parasitic infections (Malaria, Kala Azar)Diseases involving the liver Biliary atresia Cirrhosis (alcoholic cirrh
help right away if it is severe or gets worse when you take a deep breath.
petite Rectal bleeding Loss of body fluids and nutrients Skin lesions Joint pain Growth failure (specifically in children)About half
ther these abnormalities are a cause or a result of the disease. The body’s immune system is believed to react abnormally to th
gh there are peaks at ages 15 - 30 and then again at ages 50 - 70. It affects men and women equally and appears to run in fami
l your health care provider if you have ulcerative colitis and your symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment, or if ne
ss quickly. A permanent and complete cure is unusual.The risk of colon cancer increases in each decade after ulcerative colitis i
by sits up, cries, or strains. The bulge may be flat when the infant lies on the back and is quiet.

intestines and relaxes some of the smooth muscles in the GI system.The cause is not known.
1 in 10 million people per year.

elop. Other symptoms may include:Abdominal pain Diarrhea Fever Gray to brown skin color Joint pain in the ankles, knees, elbo
appear on the wall of the small intestine and thicken the tissue. The villi —tiny, finger-like protrusions from the wall that help a

:Symptoms worsen or do not improve Symptoms reappear New symptoms develop

 changes Enlargement of the abdomen (abdominal distention) Personality changes Phobias, distress (neuroses) Slow movemen
d will have the disorder.Wilson's disease causes the body to take in and keep too much copper. The copper deposits in the liver
u are planning to have children.
e nervous system. In cases where the disorder is not fatal, symptoms may be disabling.
ose and mouth (philtrum), poorly developed midportion of the face and overall rounding of the face, small nose with nostrils tip
called " faciogenital dysplasia " (FGDY1). Only about 20 percent of people with this disorder have identifiable mutations in the F
ked recessive pattern. The gene associated with this condition is located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two sex chr

ge height for adult females is 124 centimeters (4 feet, 1 inch).Characteristic features of achondroplasia include:Bowed legs Dim
nance of bone and brain tissue. Two specific mutations in the FGFR3 gene are responsible for almost all cases of achondroplasi
dominant disorder (if either parent transmits a copy of the gene, then the child will develop the disease), there is 50 % chance

f some health problems for people affected by Dwarfism. With proper medical care, most people with dwarfism have active liv
usual speech patterns such as: Monotonous tone Either rushing words or placing large gaps between syllables Impaired motion
ms include:Friedreich ataxia Type 1 and Type 2 Episodic ataxia Fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome Types 1-28 of Spinocerebellar

medical care professional.

appearance. The head may be smaller than normal and abnormally shaped. For example, the head may be round with a flat are
wn syndrome increases as she gets older. The risk is significantly higher among women age 35 and older. Couples who already
s with his or her doctor.
oorchidism (large testicles in men after puberty) Flat foot High Arched palate Hyperflexible finger joints Low muscle toneThe co
tion (>200 repeats of CGG) occurs at in the 5' untranslated region of FMR1. In around 2% of cases, Fragile X syndrome can occu
evelopmental delay, adult onset ataxia/tremor or any intellectual disabilities are at greater risk of developing the disorder.
ld with family history of Fragile X syndrome (especially a male relative) have higher chance of inheriting the disease. There are

) Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) Fatigue Heart valve problems Lung disease Seizures Severe swelling (edema) at birth Skin chang
nd organs from working properly.There are three main subtypes of Gaucher disease:Type 1 disease is most common. It involve
h heritage are at highest risk for the disease.It is an autosomal recessive disease. This means that the mother and father must b
re age 5.Adults with the type 1 form of the disease can expect normal life expectancy with enzyme replacement therapy.
is, pediatric care centers, and adult genetic centers.A genetic counselor is a medical genetics expert with a master of science d
ing downward Irritability Vomiting
ctive) Intracranial bleeding Morquio syndrome
ysical examination.Medical history questions may include: Time pattern When did you first notice that the baby's head seemed
ng mental function Movement disorder (choreoathetosis) Seizures Unsteady gait (ataxia)
ed by problems with the brain's ability to remove and recycle proteins.
4 chance of not having the disease but carrying the trait A 1 in 4 chance of not having the disease and not being a carrier

oblems that progress to blindness, and problems with mental function that get worse. If the disease emerges in the first year o
e lighter skin, hair, and eyes than brothers or sisters without the disease.Other symptoms may include:Delayed mental and soc
he condition. This is called an autosomal recessive trait.Babies with PKU are missing an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxyla

ntreated, brain damage will occur. School functioning may be mildly impaired.If proteins containing phenylalanine are not avo
this disease include the following:Drowsiness High blood pressure Joint pain Nail abnormalities Painful menstruation
have a 50% chance of developing the disorder.Autosomal dominant PKD occurs in both children and adults, but it is much mor
a family history of polycystic kidney disease or associated disorders and children are planned. Genetic counseling may be offere
hether a person at risk carries the PKD gene.
reatment may provide relief of symptoms for many years.The absence of systemic disease or autoimmune disease makes peop
eigh much less than peers. They appear a characteristic facial appearance, including the following:Prominent eyes, a thin nose
MNA gene provides instructions for making lamin A protein, which is the structural scaffolding that holds the nucleus of a cell to
 fatal. If your child experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Chest pain Sho
urs on average at age 13, usually from heart attack or stroke.
MA type III (the mildest form), symptoms may not appear until the second year of life.Often, weakness is first noted in the shou
the time, a person must get the defective gene from both parents to be affected. Approximately, 4 out of every 100,000 people

n rapidly become an emergency condition.

hen their development slows and muscles used for movement weaken. Affected infants lose motor skills such as turning over, s
utosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of

e skills (such as calculation, abstract thinking, or judgment)Dementia usually first manifests as forgetfulness.Mild cognitive impa
he brain over a long period of time. It is likely that the causes include genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Because peo
disease is not a normal aspect of the aging process. Having a close blood relative, such as a brother, sister, or parent who devel
n with this disorder experiences a sudden change in mental status. (A rapid change may indicate the presence of another illnes
ugh a patient may live anywhere from 3 to 20 years after being diagnosed. The final phase of the disease may last from a few m
s, piloted airplanes, practiced medicine, danced, sculpted, taught in universities, graduated from universities, run for Congress,
n noisy areas Hard to tell high-pitched sounds (such as "s" or "th") from one another Less trouble hearing men's voices than wo
ound properly or the eardrum may not vibrate in response to sound.Causes of conductive hearing loss can often be treated. The
same location each episode Sharp, stabbing May come and go (intermittent), or be constant, burning pain May get worse whe
Medications such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, or vincristine Porphyria Pressure on nerves by nearby bones, ligaments, blood vessels,

pain You have severe pain (see a pain specialist)

ove, see a pain specialist so that you can explore all treatment options.Most neuralgias will respond to treatment. Attacks of pa
nary tract infection Chronic renal failure Congestive heart failure Cystitis Diabetes Drinking too much fluid before bedtime, par
ase of fluids before bedtime You are bothered by the number of times you must urinate during the night
ptoms. As the disease developes, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms:Tremor: Tremor is one of the mos
e radicals Aging Environmental toxins Genetic predisposition

care or not Whether the patient is accompanied with complications, such as pneumonia, dementia, falling injury or fracture.
not have any symptoms.

over many years before an abscess occurs.Often the abscess appears quickly over several days and become very hot and swoll
days of home treatment. Call if pain is severe and interferes with normal activity.Call your health care provider if you have one
time as the abscess.
your vagina to open the vaginal walls and examine the cervix.The cervix and vagina are gently swabbed with dilute vinegar (ace
had an abnormal Pap smear. It may also be recommended if you have bleeding after sexual intercourse.Colposcopy may also b
oducts into the vagina, or have sexual intercourse for 24 hours before the exam. You should not be menstruating heavily. How
from the vinegar or Lugol's solution.The biopsy or curettage may feel like a pinch or cramp each time a tissue sample is taken.
e any signs of infection (fever, foul odor, or discharge).

r 1 - 3 days.A colposcopy and biopsy will not make it more difficult for you to become pregnant, or cause problems during preg
me women, a fallen bladder stretches the opening into the urethra, causing urine leakage when the woman coughs, sneezes, la
ay also cause the bladder to fall. The hormone estrogen helps keep the muscles around the vagina strong. When women go thr
women. Hysterectomy - surgical removal of uterus Connective tissue disorders which occur in genetically predisposed women.

ill insert an instrument called a speculum into the vagina. This holds open the vaginal canal. Numbing medicine may be applied
ods Perform a therapeutic or elective abortionYour doctor may also recommend a D and C if you have:Abnormal bleeding while
 in for a few days after the procedure.You can usually manage pain well with medications. Tampon use and sexual intercourse a
res, genital warts, or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Intercourse too soon after surgery or childbirth Menopause Ov
ge from penis or vagina, or involuntary vaginal muscle contraction.If you have been sexually assaulted, report the crime to the p
n, and will insert an instrument (speculum) into the vagina to hold it open and see the cervix.The cervix is cleaned with an antis
mone therapy medications Thickened uterine lining seen on ultrasound The test is usually done in women over age 35.This test
duce cramping.
sample is collected.

el the following symptoms.Pain in the affected areaConstipationUrinary retentionCough and/or difficulty breathingHeadacheVa

n as possible:Severe painSevere constipationUrinary retentionSevere difficulty breathingSevere headacheLarge vaginal bleedin

e stage of the cancer: the size and location of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the tumorWhether the cancer
such as:Excess hair overgrowth Delayed onset of menstrual bleeding Abnormal shape of genitaliaIt may also present as a lower
e of a putative gene called TSPY gene. Although the exact mechanism of its role in the pathogenesis of the disease is not clear,
isorders manifesting with an abnormal shape of genitalia during infancy or sexual organ developmental disorders during puber
ndrome Denys-Drash syndrome 9p partial monosomyshould be screened for the presence of gonadoblastoma.

ng of that tumor.
diagnosed, the tumor has often spread beyond the ovaries.You should see your doctor if you have the following symptoms on

r her risk for ovarian cancer. Certain genes defects (BRCA1 and BRCA2) are responsible for a small number of ovarian cancer ca
minations are recommended for all women over 20 years old.Call for an appointment with your provider if you have symptoms
vive 1 year after diagnosis. Nearly half of women live longer than 5 years after diagnosis. If diagnosis is made early in the diseas
h male hormones.In most cases, the exact cause is never identified. It tends to run in families. In general, hirsutism is a harmles
ased breast size. You are concerned that a medication may be worsening unwanted hair growth.

during hormone therapy, call your health care provider.

of HPV can lead to:Cervical cancer in women Genital warts in men and women Cancer of the penis or anus in men
approved for:Females age 10 - 26 to help protect against cervical cancerGirls ages 11 and 12 should receive the HPV vaccine se
accine You have other questions or concerns about the HPV vaccine
for any early signs of cervical cancer.The HPV vaccine does not protect against other infections that can be spread during sexu
of HPV can lead to:Cervical cancer in women Genital warts in men and women Cancer of the penis or anus in men
approved for:Females age 10 - 26 to help protect against cervical cancerGirls ages 11 and 12 should receive the HPV vaccine se
accine You have other questions or concerns about the HPV vaccine
for any early signs of cervical cancer.The HPV vaccine does not protect against other infections that can be spread during sexu
varies may also be removed.Types of hysterectomy:Partial (or supracervical) hysterectomy: The upper part of the uterus is rem
ancer Cancer of the cervix or a precancerous condition of the cervix called cervical dysplasia Cancer of the ovary Childbirth com

al hysterectomy: 4 - 6 weeks Vaginal hysterectomy: 3 - 4 weeks Robot-assisted hysterectomy: 2 - 4 weeksA hysterectomy will ca
ement therapy) Menstruation and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Pregnancy -- breast tenderness tends to be more common d
ced a new lump with the pain that does not go away after your menstrual period Persistent, unexplained breast pain Signs of a
minal cramps
or father's genes.Other possible causes for miscarriage include:Drug and alcohol abuse Exposure to environmental toxins Horm
d previous miscarriages?
ce tissue or clot-like material passed vaginally (any such material should be collected and brought in for examination).
o see inside the vaginal canal. Cells are gently scraped from the cervix area, and sent to a lab for examination.
eening should start at age 21. After the first test:Woman should have a Pap smear ever 2 years to check for cervical cancer. If y
or 24 hours before the test:Douching Having intercourse Taking a bath Using tamponsAvoid scheduling your Pap smear while yo
women and follow-up Pap smears should identify worrisome changes in time for treatment.Make sure your doctor knows abou
during intercourse Protruding of the uterus and cervix through the vaginal opening Repeated bladder infections Sensation of h
les and connective tissues weaken.
cause uterine prolapse Chronic cough and obesity increase the pressure on the pelvic floor and may contribute to the prolapse.

h uterine prolapse.Surgery usually provides excellent results, however, some women may require treatment again in the future
al cysts may have discomfort during sexual intercourse or difficulty inserting tampons.
may form as a result of trauma sustained by the vaginal walls or following an obstetric or gynecologic procedure, when the lin

y in the middle of your menstrual cycle) Pregnancy Sexual excitementAbnormal vaginal discharge may be due to:Atrophic vagin
hea, chlamydia, or other sexually transmitted disease. You have increased thirst or appetite, unexplained weight loss, increase

experts with an extensive list of review articles would qualify as well.

e What you type Start your sections as follows: New section Subsection Sub-subsection Start with a second-level heading (==);

experts with an extensive list of review articles would qualify as well.

e boards Provide opportunities for WikiDoc scholars on campus to exchange knowledge, strategies and test-taking skills
eview Team meets every Monday at 10:30 AM in the Longwood Medical Area. The meeting is led by Will Gibson, an M.D., Ph.D
y illness. It may be several months or years until it presents itself after a transplant.Fatigue and wheezing in the absence of a co
butter flavor in many foods, has also been suspected of causing bronchiolitis obliterans in workers who manufacture it or mix it
isk assessment tools. With the use of calculators, a health care provider can rapidly determine the prognosis and treatment goa
nding physician, specialist, nurse or a nurse practitioner. It is required of you to have a strong grasp of medical knowledge, and
of cardiology. Acute MI would then be included with all the other articles related to the subject of cardiology in this category. A
e end of the article. This is not the preferred method in WikiDoc.WikiDoc features an automated reference manager. The advan
ootnote number to appear.Step 2: Type the text of the note between the ref tags. For example if I typed thisIt would appear as
ooks like this:
a bluish color of the lips, fingers, and toes. It may occur while the child is resting, or only when the child is active.Some children
the heart. The right side of the heart then pumps the blood to the lungs, where it picks up more oxygen and becomes red. The
pitations Feeding problems or reduced appetite Fever, nausea, or vomiting Puffy eyes or face Tiredness all the time

ardized treatment protocols for the management of medical conditions by applying evidence-based medical approaches to pati
nding physician, specialist, nurse or a nurse practitioner. It is required of you to have a strong grasp of medical knowledge, and

experts with an extensive list of review articles would qualify as well.

t. But, some patients may present with breast pain and may notice a difference in the size of one breast compared to the other

gn breast disease in the past A family history of multiple fibroadenomas. This risk factor predisposes patients to developing mu

very common in the adolescent population. There is a slight chance of developing breast cancer.

e end of the article. This is not the preferred method in WikiDoc.WikiDoc features an automated reference manager. The advan
ootnote number to appear.Step 2: Type the text of the note between the ref tags. For example if I typed thisIt would appear as
ooks like this:
should also search for synonyms or other names of the disease, so you do not duplicate content. If the page already exists, but
ice that did not exist: First you need to go to the page WikiDoc Disease Microchapter Template which is listed on the home pag
similar page, you can add new content, or incorporate the old content into a new page. For example, for jaundice, search for "J
page, which will also link to the microchapters. To view this on a home page, and practice navigating a microchaptered page, cl
ke most pages that have standard convention, this page is the one place you can express your creativity.
ld like displayed. You have the ability to delete any information you do not want shared with the editing community.
o your page, you can replace the information with your own.What it looks like What you type Your Name Muhammad Haisum
dial Infarction. The names STEMI, MI, Acute MI, Myocardial Infarction, AMI all are redirected to the page ST Elevation Myocardi
or #1f4099:your text

:your textTyping this:Creates text with size 1 bigger than the standard:your textTyping this:Creates text with size 1 smaller than

m). To create a category, simply add (for each category) a line as follows:Typing this:Adds the page to the Category of Cardiolo
ents in the location of the text.
p. To do this, you can make a'Return to top' link. You need to know the name of your page (Pagename) and to select a section (
eate a link to it so that it can be downloaded like this:Example: You have uploaded a file named DSMB charter.docTo create the

page.3. There will be a box that says "Destination filename"4. Copy the name of the file from this box5. Insert the following cod
would be User:Johndoe/monobook.jsOn this page type or paste the following text (it's a template and activates an editing comp
ging in.However, it's still a good idea to log in, for these reasons:Other users will be able to recognise you by your username wh

e fibrosis and thickneningCompared to normal arterioles on the left, the arterioles from a patient with hyertension (middle) sho
gh school, college, medical school, and doctoral programs) to help hone their quantitative research skills.
e page can be created/edited.

oughout this tutorial.At the top of each patient page there is what is known as a "template". This template is essentially a comp
patient information page, click here.
patient information page, click here.
able risk factors if appropriate.For an example of a risk factors section on a patient information page, click here.
ng this on a patient information page, click here
eatment, and also the likelihood of a certain outcome occurring.For an example of the prognosis section on a patient informatio
tic. The symptoms mainly depend upon the size, location and the potential to undergo malignant transformation. When pleomo
q12 and 12q15 have been described. Oncogenic simian virus (SV40) may play a role in the onset or progression of pleomorphic
c adenoma. Environmental factors Occupations associated with increased risk include: Rubber products manufacturing Asbesto
ng this on a patient information page, click here
may vary sometimes. Recurrence can be a problem if the tumor arises from the parotid gland. 2-7% of cases can go into maligna
oject is intended for editors at an Assistant Editor-in-Chief level or higher. This may be the right project for you if you are a (cho
ial Infarction. The names STEMI, MI, Acute MI, Myocardial Infarction, AMI all are redirected to the page ST Elevation Myocardia
u can redirect to a specific subheading within a page by putting the name of the page followed by the hatch mark of the subhea
e end of the article. This is not the preferred method in WikiDoc.WikiDoc features an automated reference manager. The advan
ootnote number to appear.Step 2: Type the text of the note between the ref tags. For example if I typed thisIt would appear as
ooks like this:

o each pixel. Because vector images are mathematically defined, they retain their quality no matter the resolution of the monit
propriate than a.JPG,.GIF, or.PNG:High image quality is required for monitors in a large range of resoltion, such as both on an m
eight:200px;" /> For example, <img src="http://static.wikidoc.org/1/10/Help-1.svg" style="width:200px;height:200px;" />
native text, used when a mouse hovers over the image or when the image is not loaded in a text-only browser, or when spoken
first letter of the first synonym, and thereafter only capitalize letters of proper nouns. Separate each synonym with a semicolon
rst check that the synonyms do not already have pages that exist. If duplicate pages exist, they should all be redirected to a sin
template that appears on all pages. If you edited a page, at the bottom of that page, you would see the code {{WH}}. This tells
edit medical content in a process termed co-creation. WikiDoc is designed to facilitate collaborative authoring.WikiDoc allows a
ne of the only books I had was a single volume of a blue encyclopedia from the 1920s that I bought at a garage sale when I was
n viewers a day.
oc contributors:Clinical Trialist Donor / Philanthropist Fellow Fellowship Program Director / Chief of a Subspecialty Group Gene

or light-headedness after an injury Low blood pressure Paleness (pallor) Rapid pulse, increased heart rate Shortness of breath W
tinal or urogenital tracts.
dirt cannot be removed easily with gentle cleaning You think there may be internal bleeding or shock Signs of infection develop

l be treated effectively. Some patients can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening.
stick or finger stick. The blood is collected in a small glass tube or onto a slide or test strip.Cotton or a bandage may be applied

e throbbing.

ood diseases such as leukemia.It is important to realize that an abnormal increase in one type of white blood cell can cause a d
other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.Other risks associated with having blood drawn a
the body.People with chronic leukemia may not have symptoms. The doctor may find the disease during a routine blood test.P
medical care for antibiotics.

as a much quicker and more dramatic onset but can occasionally be cured. Chronic Leukemia has a slower onset and can often
bones Numbness and/or muscle weakness Confusion Dizziness Edema in legsOther health problems may also cause these sym
e: Age is the biggest risk factor for multiple myeloma. Most cases are found in people older than 65. Plasma cell diseases: Stud
oon as possible:Broken bones Numbness Muscle weakness Confusion Severe thirsty, oliguria and/or edema

ed spleen) Headache Itchiness, especially after a warm bath Red skin coloring, especially of the face Shortness of breath Sympt
may also be higher than normal.This is a rare disorder that occurs more often in men than in women. It is not usually seen in pe

e severe symptoms occur.

ased sensation of a body area Dysfunctional movement or uncontrollable movement Speech difficulties Double vision or decre
hone use: There has been a great deal of debate in recent years.
hone use: There has been a great deal of debate in recent years.
possible:New, or suddenly develop stupor New, or suddenly develop vision changes New, or suddenly develop speech changes
r: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the brain Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has r
es not go away Trouble breathing Hemoptysis HoarsenessOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a docto

ossible:Severe shortness of breath A large amount of hemoptysis

ery The patient's general health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred
merulonephritis Joint pain Muscle pain Purpura Raynaud's phenomenon Skin death Skin ulceration
ock blood vessels throughout the body. This may lead to complications ranging from skin rashes to kidney failure.Cryoglobuline
g-lasting) inflammatory condition, such as an autoimmune disease or hepatitis C. Most patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia h
bulinemia and develop new or worsening symptoms

e health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with
lood cells. Many diseases and drugs (quinidine, methyldopa, and procainamide) can lead to production of these antibodies. Th
among laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What Abnormal Results Mean An abnor
e health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with

ur doctor about the meaning of your specific test resultsAbnormal Results Abnormal values depend on the type of substance b
ing of any area of the body, especially around the eyes. Weight gainDiseases with similar symptoms areChronic glomeruloneph
system helps protect the body from harmful substances. But in patients with an autoimmune disease, the immune system can

output decreases even anuria.

ritis have better prognosis than other classes. And, advanced sclerosis lupus nephritis carries a poor prognosis. Nephrotic synd
ntiserum or exposure to the medication. However, some people may develop symptoms in 1 - 3 days if they have previously be
he immune response to protect against infection.Antiserum is produced from the plasma of a person or animal that has immun

uent, painful urination Children younger than 2 years old may only have a high fever without symptoms related to the urinary t
oli is often the cause. Bacteria and viruses can move to the kidneys from the bladder or can be carried through the bloodstream
mally flows only in one direction—from the kidneys to the bladder. However, the flow of urine may be blocked in people with a
se may be signs of a possible kidney infection.Also call if you have already been diagnosed with a UTI and the symptoms come b

he genital area Anal itching

tract infections and some sexually transmitted diseases. Viral causes are herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus.Other cause
) History of sexually transmitted diseases
ethra and scar tissue called urethral stricture. It can also cause damage to other urinary organs in both men and women. In wo
ank pain (between the ribs and hips) Hand tremor High blood pressure Metallic taste in mouth Nausea or vomiting, may last for
ritisDecreased blood flow due to very low blood pressure, which can result from:Burns Dehydration Hemorrhage Injury Septic
American Indian or Asian-American race A family history of kidney disease Age 65 or older

to months after the underlying cause has been treated.In some cases, chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease may dev
o vestibulo-ocular reponse

coma may start suddenly. While for a person with alcohol abuse or some kind of drugs, the progress of unconsciousness may
hyperosmolar coma, hypoglycemia Toxins, including poisons, alcohol and other drugs (barbiturates, sedatives, amphetamines,

eurological damage

minated during slaughter. Fruits and vegetables may become contaminated when they are growing or when they are processe

diabetes should be evaluated as soon as possible. After surgery, if the patient experiences worsening pain or skin color change

rst Weakness Tachypnea (rapid breathing) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Pitting Edema (abnormal amount of fluid under
abetes insipidus Hyperparathyroidism Metabolic Acidosis Type I and II Renal Tubular Acidosis Hypernatremia Gastorintestinal D

ng diarrhea 4 to 6 times in a day that is not relieved by diet modification or anti-diarrhea drugs Irritability and muscle twitching
ong have you had the symptoms? Do you have a history with diabetes, kidney disease or heart diseases? What medicines are y
y Loss of appetite Muscle spasms or cramps Muscle weakness Nausea Restlessness Vomiting
o work properly.When the amount of sodium in fluids outside cells drops, water moves into the cells to balance the levels. This
failure (inability to excrete water), congestive heart failure, cirrhosis (ADH release due to low effective circulatory volume) are
n hyponatremia that develops slowly over time. When sodium levels fall slowly over a period of days or weeks (chronic hypona
t. Someone with hypothermia also is likely to have frostbite.The symptoms include:Drowsiness Weakness and loss of coordinati
utside without enough protective clothing in winter Falling overboard from a boat into cold water Wearing wet clothing in wind

y failure SepsisA common medicine used to treat diabetes called metformin can also cause lactic acidosis. If you take this medi
g. Confusion or lethargy may also occur. Severe metabolic acidosis can lead to shock or death. In some situations, metabolic ac
f metablic acidosis:Diabetic acidosis (also called diabetic ketoacidosis and DKA) develops when substances known as ketone bo

on Cough with pink, frothy sputum Irritability Lethargy No breathing Restlessness Shallow or gasping respirations Unconsciousn
icking while swimming Leaving small children unattended around bathtubs and pools
ue the person, do so and then call for medical help.All near-drowning patients should be checked by a doctor. Even though the
osis itself usually causes rapid breathing. Confusion or lethargy may also occur. Severe acidosis can lead to shock or death. In so
called diabetic ketoacidosis and DKA) develops when substances known as ketone bodies, which are acidic, build up during un

lung tissue diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis Diseases of the chest such as scoliosis, which make the lungs less efficient at fill

ave symptoms of lung disease.

disease), pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and cystic fibrosis Conditions that affect the nerves and muscles that control breath
dditional symptoms that may be associated with this disease include the following:Fatigue Joint pain Seizures Weight gain (uni
down into potentially harmful compounds. It may block the structures of the kidney, causing damage such as rhabdomyolysis o
uscles (as may occur with arterial occlusion, deep venous thrombosis, or other conditions) Low phosphate levels Seizures Sever

reduce the risk of chronic kidney damage.People with milder cases may return to normal activity within a few weeks to a mon
ating Fainting Fang marks in the skin Fever Increased thirst Loss of muscle coordination Nausea and vomiting Numbness and tin
zoosAll snakes will bite when threatened or surprised, but most will usually avoid people if possible and only bite as a last reso
when the person arrives.You may also call the National Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222). The center can be called from
Other symptoms may develop, including:Abnormally dark or light skin and changes in nails Bone painBrain and nervous system
ney disease has worsened to the point at which kidney function is less than 10% of normal.ESRD almost always follows chronic
High cholesterol African-American, American Indian or Asian-American race Family history of kidney disease Age 65 or older
do a regular check of your Blood pressure and kidney functions.
isks and consequences. The outcome is different for each person.
ation, excessive at night Hypertension (patient information)| High blood pressure Fatigue
at helps filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. The exact reason for this thickening is not known.It is one of the most comm
one, and skin-lightening creams. Infections, including hepatitis B, malaria, syphilis, and endocarditis. Blood cancers, including n
lth care provider if symptoms worsen or persist, if you experience a decreased urine output or other new symptom develops.
f patients will have some degree of irreversible kidney damage within 2-20 years. About 20% of those will progress to end-stag
Cloudy urine Dark, rust-colored, or brown urine Tissue in the urineAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this disea
c nephropathy Kidney infection Kidney transplant rejection Urinary tract obstruction Sickle cell anemia Sickle cell anemia is a c
taking over-the-counter pain medications.
s, persons with this condition develop kidney failure.

use Nephrotic syndrome Pregnancy Scar formation with pressure on the renal vein Trauma (to the back or abdomen) TumorIn
ou develop decreased urine output, difficulty breathing, or other new symptoms.

soft spot on the top of the head) in an infant

(for example, from exercise) Excessive urine output, such as with uncontrolled diabetes or diuretic use Fever Vomiting or diarrh
r child has any of the following symptoms:Blood in the stool or vomit Diarrhea or vomiting (in infants less than 2 months old) D

ng of the skin (photodermatitis) Problems with the nervous system and muscles seizures, mental disturbances, nerve damage)
certain enzymes needed for this process. This causes abnormal amounts of porphyrins or related chemicals to build up in the b
sed abdominal pain, muscle and nerve problems, and sensitivity to sunlight.
ance of triggers can help prolong the time between attacks.
means you have periods when you completely or partly stop breathing for more than 10 seconds while you sleep. The episode
tissue that puts pressure on the airways Last month of pregnancy Nasal congestion from colds or allergies, especially if it lasts a
our level of attention, concentration, or memory Episodes of no breathing (apnea): your partner may need to tell you if this is h
also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so tha
s as common in Caucasian children as in African-American, African, and Asian children.The tumor may arise anywhere in the bo

by:Anterior knee pain Arthritis -- including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gout Baker's cyst -- a fluid-filled swelling be
eformed or misshapen You have a fever, redness or warmth around the knee, or significant swelling You have pain, swelling, nu
renal function, usually with an inexorable rise in creatinine. Hematuria, blood loss in the urine Proteinuria, the loss of protein e
sides, amphotericin B, NSAIDs, and also caused by exposure to radiocontrast media (the dye used for x-ray and other radiograp
evere low blood pressure (hypotension) Injury or trauma that damages the muscles Blood transfusion reaction Kidney damage
consciousness Coma Delirium or confusion

high urine output, where the healed and newly functioning kidneys try to clear the body of fluid and wastes. One or two days aft
or urgency Blood in the urine Flank pain or back pain Decreased urine output Decreased alertness Drowsiness Confusion, deliriu
TC) medications that contain phenacetin or acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin
or behavioral changes History of dependent behaviors including smoking, alcoholism, and excessive use of tranquilizers

d or solid material is present in the urine, or if your urine output decreases.

ng the need to urinate without results
entWomen who had radiation therapy to treat cervical cancer have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer.Bladder infe
garette smokingSmoking greatly increases the risk of developing bladder cancer. Up to half of all bladder cancers in men and se

osed during advanced stages.

s then returned to the body.Hemodialysis requires special ways to access the blood in the blood vessels. Access may be needed
potassium, phosphorous, and other minerals and vitamins in the body Ensure that the blood pH remains between 7.35 and 7.4
fore you need it.Dialysis also may be used when the kidneys suddenly stop working (also called acute renal failure). On occasio
g which they must sit in a chair for 3-4 hours. Many people feel tired for several hours after the dialysis.Most dialysis centers h
ow anyone to take a blood pressure reading on the same arm with the access. Do not wear tight clothing around the access site
rination is a fairly common problem. Peole who have pain with urination also may have the urge to urinate more often.
ul urination and women and girls may be due to:Changes in the vaginal tissue during menopause (atrophic vaginitis) Herpes infe

nful urination that lasts for more than 1 day You notice blood in your urine You have a fever

m.Common causes of erection problems include:Diseases and conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart or thyroid
on in older men, while psychological causes are more common in younger men.Low levels of testosterone rarely lead to erectio
urgery You have other symptoms like low back pain, abdominal pain, or change in urinationIf erection problems seem to be cau
 en than women and girls, and it also occurs more often in African Americans. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis causes about

thy (a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidney) Sickle cell disease
mericans. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis causes about 20 - 25% of all cases of nephrotic syndrome.

een at first.Lung symptoms may include:Dry cough, may cough up blood (bloody sputum) Difficulty breathing after activityKidne
sons with this syndrome develop substances that attack a protein called collagen in the tiny air sacs in the lungs and the filterin

e.Never sniff glue or siphon gasoline with your mouth, which expose the lungs to hydrocarbon solvents and can cause the disea
n range from mild to severe.Many patients will require dialysis or a kidney transplant.
een at first.Lung symptoms may include:Dry cough, may cough up blood (bloody sputum) Difficulty breathing after activityKidne
sons with this syndrome develop substances that attack a protein called collagen in the tiny air sacs in the lungs and the filterin

e.Never sniff glue or siphon gasoline with your mouth, which expose the lungs to hydrocarbon solvents and can cause the disea
n range from mild to severe.Many patients will require dialysis or a kidney transplant.
eneral ill feeling (malaise). Chronic ear infections are common. Other upper respiratory symptoms include nose bleeds, pain, a

e likely to get it as compared to blacks.

people who receive corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide get much better.However, the disease may return in about half of

hematuria without any other related problems. Often no specific cause can be found. But because hematuria may be the result
rulonephritis Exercise: Long distance runners are prone to exercise induced urinary bleeding. Age: An enlarged prostate in male
oss, discomfort with urination, frequent urination, or urgent urination.Call your doctor right away if:You have fever, nausea, vo

ope, several observational studies have compared outcomes in patients getting dialysis with those getting IHDF. These have sug
ia, Hypoxemia, Compensatory hypoventilation, Muscle cramps, Tremor, tingling and numbness in extremities, Weakness on cli
electrolyte and nutritional imbalances, Milk-alkali syndrome, Blood transfusion, Genetic diseases for instances Bartter, Liddle,
hing syndrome, Diuretics use and genetic disease for instances- Bartter and gitelman Disease.
mpensatory hypoventilation, Muscle cramps, Tremor, tingling and numbness in extremities, Weakness on clinical examination.

amounts Problems emptying all the urine from the bladder Loss of bladder controlSymptoms of underactive bladder:Bladder be
rain and the muscles that control bladder emptying. If these nerves are damaged by illness or injury, the muscles may not be a

on) Urinate small amounts, frequently

is complete or partial, and what caused it. Common symptoms of obstructive uropathy include the following:Flank pain Bilater
ey and causes it to become swollen (hydronephrosis).Obstructive uropathy is grouped according to whether it affects one or bo

al obstruction is not relieved promptly, there could be permanent damage to the kidney. Chronic unilateral obstruction usually

locycline, diuretics, phenothiazines Excessive loss of water and salt (possibly due to not drinking enough water, profuse sweati

an 5 quarts of urine per day

might be similar to those of:Chronic kidney failure Nephrotic syndrome Urinary tract infection
hra. None of the urine should flow back into the ureter when the bladder is squeezing. Each ureter has a one-way valve where

idneys are damaged. However, kidney damage may be permanent. If only one kidney is involved, the other kidney should keep
r hypertension include:High blood pressure at a young age High blood pressure that suddenly gets worse or is difficult to contro
s low and make hormones that tell the body to hold on to more salt and water. This causes your blood pressure to rise.Renal ar
ension and symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment. Also call if new symptoms develop.

ultiple sclerosis) Neurological injuries (such as spinal cord injury or stroke)In men, urge incontinence also may be due to:Bladde

toms occur daily

) to reduce symptoms.Instant improvement is unusual. Perseverance and patience are usually required to see improvement. A
ople can sleep for 6 to 8 hours without having to urinate. Middle aged and older men often wake to urinate once in the early m
hese symptoms.Other causes include:Anxiety Enlarged prostate Interstitial cystitis Medicines such as diuretics Overactive bladd

toms occur daily

) to reduce symptoms.Instant improvement is unusual. Perseverance and patience are usually required to see improvement. A

elling and widening of the veins. (This is essentially the same process that leads to varicose veins, which are common in the legs
he cause of infertility in men.The sudden appearance of a varicocele in an older man may be caused by a kidney tumor, which

unt will likely improve but the ultimate pregnancy rate is unchanged. In most cases, testicular wasting (atrophy) does not impro
etite Nausea Swelling in the abdomen (abdominal hernia or mass) Vomiting Abnormal urine color may also be associated with t
a) is a birth defect that is sometimes associated with Wilms tumor. Other birth defects linked to this type of kidney cancer inclu
t usually strikes when a child is about 3 years old. It rarely develops after age 8.
der if your child is being treated for this condition and symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop, particularly cough, che

loss due to problems with specific brain areas may be different. It may involve only memory of recent or new events, passed o
ew material or requiring a longer time to remember learned material. However, it does not lead to dramatic memory loss unles

loss due to problems with specific brain areas may be different. It may involve only memory of recent or new events, passed o
w material or requiring a longer time to remember learned material. However, it does not lead to dramatic memory loss unles

xia include:Complete unawareness and unresponsiveness (coma) No breathing No response of the pupils of the eye to light
n monoxide poisoning Choking Diseases that prevent movement (paralysis) of the breathing muscles, such as amyotrophic late

ected.If the brain lacked oxygen for only a very brief period of time, a coma may be reversible and the person may have a full o
occur while you are awake. The headache tends to occur at the same time of day.The pain occurs on one side of the head. It m
r at any age but are most common in adolescence and middle age. They tend to run in families, passed down through genes.Sc
enever you are active Headaches occur with other symptomsDanger symptoms require immediate medical care. Some of these
event cluster headaches in some cases.
n, feeling spacey, or not thinking straightHeadacheLoss of consciousnessMemory loss (amnesia) of events before the injury or
s. Significant movement of the brain (called jarring) in any direction can cause you to lose alertness (become unconscious). How
mproving after 2 or 3 weeks, talk to your doctor.Call the doctor if the following symptoms occur:Changes in behavior or unusua
emember things, have headaches, dizziness, and blurry vision. These problems will probably go away slowly. You may want to g
n noisy areas Hard to tell high-pitched sounds (such as "s" or "th") from one another Less trouble hearing men's voices than wo
und properly. Or, the eardrum may not vibrate in response to sound.Causes of conductive hearing loss can often be treated. Th
ear than the other You have sudden, severe hearing loss or ringing in the ears (tinnitus) You have other symptoms, such as ear
 hydrated from vomiting, diarrhea, fever, or other causes. Many people, especially as they get older, experience light-headedne

miting Chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, weakness, inability to move an arm or leg, or change in vision or spee

poorly pronounced (such as slurring), and the rhythm or speed of their speech changes. Other symptoms include:Sounding as th
h make speech.The muscles may be weak or completely paralyzed, or it may be difficult for the muscles to work together.Dysa
g to or communicating with other peopleFeelings of sadness or depression
r Lou Gehrig's disease) eventually lose the ability to speak.Few people with Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis lose the ab
to read. A child's initial reading skills are based on word recognition, which involves being able to separate out the sounds in w
problems. The disorder is a specific information processing problem that does not interfere with one's ability to think or to und

epsy tends to have the same type of seizure each time.Temporary confusion Staring spell Uncontrollable jerking movements of
hildhood Dystocia when children were born A family history of epilepsy Male
res Status epilepticusBefore the patient who's having a seizure is sent to the emergency department, the following measureme
be teased by classmates or avoided in school and other social setting. Patients with epilepsy have to face two life-threatening

w days. Then, they disappear. Most people experience this type of eyelid twitch on occasion and find it very annoying. In most
r eyelid Twitching involves other parts of your face You have redness, swelling, or a discharge from your eye Your upper eyelid

alusVomitingUnsteadinessCognitive problemsIncreased pressure inside skullBehavioral problemsSeizureNauseaPersonality cha

oon as possible:Severe headacheSeizureSevere vomitingMotor dysfunction

size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the brainThe patient’s general healthWhether the cancer has just bee
in the head or neck, including migraine, tension, and cluster headaches, and a variety of other less common types of headache
poromandibular joint disorders Drugs, such as nitrates Alcohol Environmental changes, such as changes in barometric pressure
Physical examination and neurological evaluation. Eye examination: It is very useful to identify underlying problem in the brain
symptoms, go to the emergency department as soon as possible.Sudden sever headache sudden headache associated with a s

enter of the eye)There may also be symptoms of the disorder that is causing the problem.
mpathetic nerve fiber injuries can result from:Injury to one of the main arteries to the brain (carotid artery) Injury to nerves in th

ng sleep may feel confused or disoriented Increased need for sleep during the day even while at work, or during a meal or conv
ted sleep paralysis Narcolepsy Obstructive sleep apnea Restless leg syndromeOther causes of excessive sleepiness include:Aty
fibers. The symptoms may include:Muscle symptoms:Loss of balance Muscle spasms Numbness or abnormal sensation in any
gnals slow or stop. The nerve damage is caused by inflammation. Inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attac
mental factors, such as smoking and decreased light exposure have been shown to increase the risk of MS, while other factors,
me care is no longer possible
MS continue to walk and function at work with minimal disability for 20 or more years.The following typically have the best outlo
r wound in eye Swelling
e, idoxuridine, phenylephrine, scopolamine, trifluridine, tropicamide, and vidarabine Excessive wearing of contact lenses, or we
ention if your pain is moderate to severe, even in low-light conditions.Call your doctor if light sensitivity is severe or painful -- fo

now because of better AIDS treatments) Certain medications used to treat multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and related c

or sometimes during the day when you sit for long periods of time May be described as aching, bubbling, crawling, creeping, pu
 more often in patients with:Peripheral neuropathy Chronic kidney disease Parkinson's disease Pregnancy Iron deficiency Use o

tions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take riv
e), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), any other medications, or any of the ingredients in rivastigmine solution. Ask your pha

ule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.If you miss taking rivastigmine for more than a few days, talk to you
ture (not in the bathroom). Store rivastigmine solution in an upright position. Do not place rivastigmine solution in the freezer o

e to move.The pain most often occurs on one side. Some people have sharp pain in one part of the leg or hip and numbness in
muscles of the back of the knee and lower leg and provides sensation to the back of the thigh, part of the lower leg, and the so

veling down your legs below the knee Weakness or numbness in your buttocks, thigh, leg, or pelvis Burning with urination or bl
to partial or complete loss of movement or sensation. Nerve pain may be severe and persist for a prolonged period of time.
hargy, sleepiness, not smiling Loss of consciousness Loss of vision No breathing Pale or bluish skin Poor feeding, lack of appetite
and the frustrated caregiver loses control. Many times the caregiver did not intend to harm the baby. Still, it is a form of child
y syndrome.If you think a child is in immediate danger because of abuse or neglect, you should call 911.If you suspect that a chi
, and boredom can all contribute to excessive sleepiness, but these conditions more typically cause fatigue and apathy.
oidism, hypercalcemia, and hyponatremia / hypernatremia) Not sleeping for long enough Sleep disorders (such as sleep apnea

e severity of symptoms depends on whether the entire cord is severely injured (complete) or only partially injured (incomplete
into shallow water), industrial accidents, gunshot wounds, assault, and other causes.A minor injury can cause spinal cord traum
akened spines (from osteoporosis) may be more likely to have a spinal cord injury. Patients who have other medical problems t
ent of spinal cord injury begins at the site of an accident with paramedics trained in immobilizing the injured spine to prevent f
Death is possible, particularly if there is paralysis of the breathing muscles.How well a person does depends on the level of injur
sense of pain or temperature Lessened ability to sense that the skin is being touched Neck, shoulders, upper arms, trunk -- in a
which part of the brain pushes down onto the spinal cord at the base of the skull).The fluid-filled cavity usually begins in the ne

with about 50% of people showing significant improvement in neurologic function after surgical decompression.
of reflexes Poor coordination or loss of coordination Unsteady gait (locomotor ataxia) Sexual function problems
ection damages the spinal cord and peripheral nervous tissue.

n for a long time, but in some cases it can also occur after you take them for a short amount of time.The drugs that most commo

movements may become permanent and in some cases may become significantly worse.
round the eye, cheek, and lower part of the face Pain may be triggered by touch or sounds Painful attacks of trigeminal neuralg
he brain.Trigeminal neuralgia may be caused by:Multiple sclerosis Pressure on the trigeminal nerve from a swollen blood vesse

n may become constant and severe in some patients.

containing many blood vessels (adenoma sebaceum) Raised patches of skin with an orange-peel texture (shagreen spots), ofte
ss on the mutation for the child to get the disease. However, most cases are due to new mutations, so there usually is no family
tic specialist if your child is diagnosed with cardiac rhabdomyoma. Tuberous sclerosis is the leading cause of this tumor.
n a severely affected child is born, the parents are examined, and one of them is found to have had a mild case of tuberous scle
moving or spinning Lightheadedness Imbalance Nausea and vomiting Sweat Abnormal eye movements Tinnitus or hearing loss
roma Brain stem tumors Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
ss Trouble in speaking Leg or arm weakness or paralysis, especially in one side Loss of consciousness Difficulty walking Numbne

head up and down or looking from right to left. Each semicircular canal has a bulbed end, or enlarged portion, that contains ha
able to walk without staggering, or may not even be able to arise. Some of the symptoms a person with a balance disorder may
system and result in a balance problem. Individuals who have illnesses, brain disorders, or injuries of the visual or skeletal syst
ecific positional change of the head. An individual may experience BPPV when rolling over to the left or right upon getting out o
ns, blood pressure changes, and some vision problems--and some medications may contribute to a balance disorder. A person
em, such as ear infection, stroke, or multiple sclerosis. Individual treatment will vary and will be based upon symptoms, medica
The affected bone is not as strong as normal bones and may fracture with minor trauma (a pathological fracture).Bone fractur
ge. Radiation to bones: People who were treated with radiation for another cancer have a higher risk of later developing post-r

our doctor about your specific condition and outlook to gain a better sense of your prognosis.
ound healing Connective tissue supports and connects your bones, ligaments, and muscles, and helps hold your organs in place

g For people without symptoms, these tumors can be discovered if the person has an imaging test for another reason
RT for help finding experts near you Desmoid tumor s can be hard to predict They can shrink and go away on their own, they ca
isk of colorectal cancer and desmoid tumor
have a change in a gene called adenomatous polyposis coli, or APC This change causes too much of a protein called beta-caten
the tumor is in your body How fast the tumor grows How much of the tumor was taken out during surgery If you want inform
neck cancers, especially cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. At least 75% of head and neck cancer
ange or hoarseness in the voice. These symptoms may also be caused by other, less serious conditions. It is important to check
e among women. Head and neck cancers are also diagnosed more often among people over age 50 than they are among young
uce their risk. They should also discuss with their doctor how often to have checkups. In addition, ongoing clinical trials are testi
tion, and orders diagnostic tests. The exams and tests may vary depending on the symptoms. Examination of a sample of tissue
’s age and general health. Treatment for head and neck cancer can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted
eck may be swollen. The swelling usually goes away within a few weeks. However, if lymph nodes are removed, the flow of lym
neck cancer. Ongoing clinical trials are testing the effectiveness of treatments for head and neck cancers. Descriptions of these
wheezing, or hoarseness Repeated problems with pneumonia or bronchitis Swelling of the neck and face Loss of appetite or w
f radiation therapy to the lungs can also increase risk. Working with or near cancer-causing chemicals or materials can also incr
pread to other parts of the body, including the bone, liver, small intestine, and brain. Chemotherapy has been shown to prolon
ymptoms:Abdominal pain and vague abdominal fullness: At first the location of the abdominal pain you are experiencing may b
Cirrhosis Inherited metabolic diseases such as hemochromatosis, tyrosinemia, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutane
as possible:Sudden severe abdominal pain and a decrease in blood pressure: The reason a person with hepatocellular carcinom
he size of the tumor, whether cancer has spread outside the liver The patient’s general health Whether cancer has just been di
thing trouble, such as shortness of breath Constant chest pain Coughing up blood A hoarse voice Frequent lung infections, such
ined.Lung cancer is more common in older adults. It is rare in people under age 45.Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lun
sk factor for lung cancer. Harmful substances in smoke damage lung cells. That's why smoking cigarettes, pipes, or cigars can ca

the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the pancreas The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just been
ure on (compression of) local structures and may include:Chest pain Chills Cough Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) Fever Hoarse
d vessels, windpipe (trachea), thymus gland, and connective tissues.The mediastinum is divided into three sections:Anterior (fro

roat that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks, even with antibiotics Swelling or lumps in the neck Unintentional weight loss
d to an increased risk for throat cancers.

weeks You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks
ts can be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curab
osed in patients aged 10 to 20 years.Common symptoms osteochondroma include:A painless bump near the joints Pain with ac
acial deformity before seeing a doctor for diagnosis.

may cause bleeding, congestion, swallowing problems, or neurological problems if they extend into the brain. Tumors around th
umor, its location, and the amount that has spread.
wheezing, or hoarseness Repeated problems with pneumonia or bronchitis Swelling of the neck and face Loss of appetite or w
f radiation therapy to the lungs can also increase risk. Working with or near cancer-causing chemicals or materials can also incr
pread to other parts of the body, including the bone, liver, small intestine, and brain. Chemotherapy has been shown to prolon
cy Urine leakage (incontinence) Weight lossNote: Other diseases and conditions can cause similiar symptoms. It is important to
grow:Papillary tumors have a wart-like appearance and are attached to a stalk. Nonpapillary (sessile) tumors are much less com
he risk of developing bladder cancer. Up to half of all bladder cancers in men and several in women may be caused by cigarette
to urinateAlso, call your health care provider for an appointment if:You are exposed to possible cancer-causing chemicals at w
ncerMonitoring symptoms that might suggest the disease is getting worse, such as fatigue, weight loss, increased pain, decreas
o the eye. Signs and symptoms may be caused by intraocular melanoma or by other conditions.

f the tumor. The part of the eye the tumor is in (the iris, ciliary body, or choroid). Whether the tumor has spread within the eye
ore severe problems, such as vision loss.The five most common symptoms of Behçet's disease are:Mouth sores Genital sores O
e may have inherited (passed on from parent to child) a problem with the immune system that makes them more likely to dev
s. Diagnosing Behcet's can take a long time, because symptoms may come and go, and it may take months or even years to hav

w days. Then, they disappear. Most people experience this type of eyelid twitch on occasion and find it very annoying. In most
r eyelid Twitching involves other parts of your face You have redness, swelling, or a discharge from your eye Your upper eyelid

e glands, which are located near the eyelashes.A chalazion is caused by a blockage of the duct that drains one of these glands.
ealth care provider if lumps on the eyelid continue to get bigger despite treatment, or you have an area of eyelash loss.

s of cloudy cornea include:Chemical burns to the cornea Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis (a form of conjunctivitis caused by herpe
ogist for vision or eye problems. However, your primary health care provider may also be involved if a whole-body (systemic) d
r did it develop slowly? When did you first notice this? Does it affect both eyes? Is there any history of injury to the eye? What o
s of cloudy cornea include:Chemical burns to the cornea Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis (a form of conjunctivitis caused by herpe
ogist for vision or eye problems. However, your primary health care provider may also be involved if a whole-body (systemic) d
r did it develop slowly? When did you first notice this? Does it affect both eyes? Is there any history of injury to the eye? What o
ody sensation Redness of the eye, "bloodshot" eyes Swollen eyelids Watery eyes or increased tearing
fluid that gets into the eye Overuse of contact lenses or lenses that don't fit correctly Reaction or sensitivity to contact lens sol
or overuse your contact lenses Have very dry eyes Work in a dusty environmentHigh-speed particles, such as chips from hamme

al injuries are much more serious. The outcome depends on the specific injury.
ther eye will appear turned out, up, or down from wherever the first eye is focused.Someone with strabismus may also have:D
ot work together. As a result, one eye looks at one object, while the other eye turns in a different direction and is focused on an
also cause strabismus.
mplains of double vision Has difficulty seeingNote: Learning difficulties or problems at school can sometimes be due to a child's
e difficult. Vision may affect the ability to play sports.With early diagnosis and treatment, the problem can usually be corrected
odes in front of the ear
.Chronic dacryoadenitis is usually due to noninfectious inflammatory disorders. Examples include sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disea

her similar diseases. It may also be caused by heat (thermal) or chemical burns.In areas of the world where malnutrition is comm

d or infected.
time. If you wear contacts, they will likely feel uncomfortable. Having dry eyes for a while can lead to tiny abrasions on the surfa
or allergy medicines An eye injury or other problem with your eyes or eyelids (like a drooping eyelid or bulging eyes) Sjogren's
r you have a bulging eye or a drooping eyelid. You have joint pain, swelling, or stiffness. You also have a dry mouth. Your dry ey
ry eyes, your health care provider may ask the following:How long have you had dry eyes? Does it involve one or both eyes? Do
hite paper or a blue sky. They move as your eyes move and seem to dart away when you try to look at them directly. They do n
shrinks, it becomes somewhat stringy, and the strands can cast tiny shadows on the retina. These are floaters.However, there

piece of debris and near the retina it may not be visible to the observer even if it appears large to the sufferer.Increasing backgr
om of the eye, becoming less bothersome. They usually settle below the line of sight but do not go away completely.Sometime
ghout the day
owly start to die off. (The cause is unknown.) The cells help pump excess fluid out of the cornea. As more and more cells are los
nner. That means that if either of your parents has the disease, you have a 50% chance of developing the condition.However, th
such as seeing halos or cloudy vision Worsening vision
duced vision.Mild cases of Fuchs' dystrophy often worsen after cataract surgery. A cataract surgeon will evaluate this risk and m

ondition is often caused by infections.Syphilis is the most common cause of interstitial keratitis, but rare causes include:Autoim
mon cause of blindness in the world.
ning pain, increasing redness, or decreasing vision should be evaluated immediately. This is particularly crucial for patients with

ontact lenses.)Most people who develop keratoconus start out nearsighted. The nearsightedness tends to become worse over ti
ue that makes up most of the cornea.Some researchers believe that allergy and eye rubbing may play a role.Also, there is an as

d can be long, and patients often still need contact lenses.

he outlook is generally excellent for noncancerous growths. The outlook for cancer depends on the type of cancer and stage at
er with the ocular surface away from the examiner. Measure the right lens first. Then measure the left lens. Center the spectac

y Conjunctiva Eyelid Iris OrbitThe choroid layer is the most likely location of melanoma in the eye.The cancer may only be in th
actor. The occurrence of melanoma has greatly increased in recent decades. Fair-skinned and blue-eyed people are most often

agnosis if the cancer has not spread outside the eye.If the cancer has spread outside the eye, the chance of survival is much low
edness is often first noticed in school-aged children or teenagers. Children often cannot read the blackboard, but they can easi
urs when the physical length of the eye is greater than the optical length.This makes it more difficult for the eyes to focus light
oard in school or signs on a wall Holding books very close when reading Sitting close to the televisionCall for an appointment w

ary based on the specific type of conjunctivitis:Allergic conjunctivitis: Main article: Allergic conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis i
conjunctivitis) Bacteria Certain diseases Chemical exposure Chlamydia Fungi Parasites (rarely) Use of contact lenses (especially
develop both bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, however bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in young children. Additionally
 s believe ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun may be a factor.
m. Risk factors are exposure to sunny, dusty, sandy, or windblown areas. As a result, farmers, fishermen, and people living near

un, dust, something in the eye, allergies, infection, or injury.One common cause of a red eye is straining or coughing. This can le
n or confusion. You are seeing halos around lights. You have nausea and vomiting.Call your health care provider if:Your eyes are
ther eye will appear turned out, up, or down from wherever the first eye is focused.Someone with strabismus may also have:D
ot work together. As a result, one eye looks at one object, while the other eye turns in a different direction and is focused on an
also cause strabismus.
mplains of double vision Has difficulty seeingNote: Learning difficulties or problems at school can sometimes be due to a child's
e difficult. Vision may affect the ability to play sports.With early diagnosis and treatment, the problem can usually be corrected
ur eye Tenderness of the eyelid
mples that occur elsewhere on the skin. You may have more than one stye at the same time.Styes usually develop over a few d

mps become very large or painful. You have a blister on your eyelid. You have crusting or scaling of your eyelids. Your whole ey
a stye Spread of infection to other eyelash follicles Spread of infection to the tissue of the eyelid (eyelid cellulitis)
"pink eye"), which if untreated may lead to scarring.Symptoms may include:Cloudy cornea Discharge from the eye Swelling of
equently affects children, although the effects of scarring may not be seen until later in life. While trachoma is rare in the Unite

e skin (cyanosis) Changes in consciousness Choking Confusion Difficulty breathing Gasping for air Panic Unconsciousness Whee
uts, antibiotics (penicillin), and blood pressure medications (ACE inhibitors) Chemical burns and reactions Croup Epiglottitis (inf
ses in which airway obstruction develops over a period of hours will allow time to get to a hospital. If an acute airway obstructi

he skin (cyanosis) Changes in consciousness. Choking. Confusion. Difficulty breathing. Gasping for air. Panic. Unconsciousness. W
uts, antibiotics (penicillin), and blood pressure *medications (ACE inhibitors) Chemical burns and reactions Croup Epiglottitis (in
ases in which airway obstruction develops over a period of hours will allow time to get to a hospital. If an acute airway obstructi

or you to get the disease.

an infant or child or being exposed to radioactive fallout

ent options. The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: The age at the time of diagno
say they cannot roll in bed or tilt their head up to look at something.Other symptoms can include:Vision complaints, such as a
e to movement of the fluid, which occurs as you change position. The fluid movement allows your brain to interpret your body'
n called labyrinthitis may make some people more likely to develop the condition.
uch as weakness, slurred speech, visual problems) that may indicate a more serious condition.

black streaks in the stools.If larger amounts of bleeding occur, symptoms may include:Black, tarry stools Bloody stools Light-he
blood flows through the veins of the esophagus.This extra blood flow causes the veins in the esophagus to balloon outward. If t

hur compounds by bacteria in the mouth.A fruity odor to the breath occurs as the body attempts to get rid of excess acetone th
anesthetics Insulin - injectionFood or beverages consumed (such as cabbage, garlic, raw onions, or coffee) Foreign body in the
n, such as fever, cough, or face pain with discharge from the nose
s there a fishy smell? Does the breath smell like ammonia or urine? Does the breath smell like fruit or is there a sweet-chemica
 lymphoma Organ transplants Other conditions that suppress or weaken the immune systemIf you have a weakened immune s

thing unless they are crying.Choanal atresia may affect one or both sides of the nasal airway. Choanal atresia blocking both side

as males. More than half of affected infants also have other congenital problems.Choanal atresia is generally diagnosed shortly
cause symptoms, and the infant may be sent home without a diagnosis.If your infant has any of the problems listed here, cons

reating a pocket or cyst that fills with old skin cells and other waste material. The cyst can become infected. The cyst may get b

tional surgery may be needed if the cholesteatoma comes back.

e way to the base of the nose.A cleft palate can be on one or both sides of the roof of the mouth. It may go the full length of th
birth defects. Cleft lip and palate may occur along with other syndromes or birth defects.A cleft lip and palate can affect the ap

ech, and eating. However, some people may have continued speech problems.

emia or lymphoma Organ transplants Other conditions that suppress or weaken your immune system

or holes in the teeth

foods -- especially sugar and starch -- into acids. Bacteria, acid, food debris, and saliva combine in the mouth to form a sticky su
es) increase the risk of tooth decay. Sticky foods are more harmful than nonsticky foods because they remain on the surface of
onths to 1 year.
ine), nitrous oxide (laughing gas), or other prescription medications to relieve pain during or after drilling or dental work.Nitrou
ms are at increased risk of breathing saliva, food, or fluids into the lungs. This may cause harm if there is a problem with the bo
g children may get worse with upper respiratory infections and nasal allergies.Drooling that occurs with fever or trouble swallo
g, or holds his or her head in a strange position.
or sting? Has the person had an injury? What medications is the person taking? What other symptoms are present (such as feve
ging on the ear is not always a sign that the child has an ear infection.Symptoms of an acute ear infection in older children or ad
becomes blocked, fluid can build up. This can lead to infection.Ear infections are common in infants and children, because the e
e to smoke Genetic factors (susceptibility to infection may run in families) Not being breastfed Pacifier use Recent ear infection
has a high fever or severe pain Severe pain suddenly stops hurting -- this may indicate a ruptured eardrum Symptoms worsen
sh all your medication as instructed.
may include:Ear pain or discomfort that is usually mild and feels like pressure in the ear Fever, usually low-grade Fussiness in y
becomes blocked, fluid can build up. When this happens, infection can occur. See: Acute ear infectionA chronic ear infection oc
re much less common than acute ear infections.
New symptoms develop during or after treatment
life threatening, but they can be uncomfortable and may result in hearing loss and other serious complications.
uring, and right after, an ear infection. Permanent hearing loss is rare, but the risk increases with the number of infections.
chian tube becomes blocked, fluid can build up. This may lead to pressure behind the eardrum or an ear infection.Ear pain in ad
re headache Swelling around the ear Weakness of the face musclesSevere pain suddenly stops; this may be a sign of a rupture
skull is often a sign of a serious infection.
, but otherwise painless Mouth sores Swollen gums Shiny appearance to gums
he gums, the periodontal ligaments, and the tooth sockets (alveolar bone).Gingivitis is due to the long-term effects of plaque de
ently, depending on the health of your teeth and gums.
re provider if the dentist recommends medical treatment of underlying conditions that contribute to the development of gingi
leaning and careful oral hygiene. Warm salt water or antibacterial rinses can reduce the puffiness. Over-the-counter anti-inflam
ea Voice box (larynx)The pain occurs in episodes and may be severe. It is usually on one side, and feels jabbing. The episodes ca
ation is never found. Some possible causes for this type of nerve pain (neuralgia) are:Blood vessels pressing on the glossophary

l your options for controlling pain.

fit from medications.
, but otherwise painless Mouth sores Swollen gums Shiny appearance to gums
he gums, the periodontal ligaments, and the tooth sockets (alveolar bone).Gingivitis is due to the long-term effects of plaque de
ently, depending on the health of your teeth and gums.
re provider if the dentist recommends medical treatment of underlying conditions that contribute to the development of gingi
leaning and careful oral hygiene. Warm salt water or antibacterial rinses can reduce the puffiness. Over-the-counter anti-inflam
d anesthetics Insulin - injection Food or beverages consumed (such as cabbage, garlic, raw onions, or coffee) Foreign body in th

o should be responding to familiar voices, may show no reaction when spoken to. Children should be using single words by 15 m
d. Profound hearing loss is what most people call deafness.Some cases of hearing loss are progressive (they get worse over tim
of the skull bonesAbout 2 - 3 infants out of every 1,000 live births will have some degree of hearing loss at birth.
not speaking at the expected age.If your child has a cochlear implant, call your health care provider immediately if your child de
o develop normal language skills at the same age as their peers with normal hearing. Even infants with profound hearing loss w
s usually have a white to whitish-gray base and a red border. They may be very painful. Generally, there are only a few sores.

group. Cases of herpangina at school or in the neighborhood increase the chances that your child will develop the illness.
ver becomes very high or does not go away

lling of the gums around the impacted tooth Swollen lymph nodes of the neck (occasionally) Unpleasant taste when biting dow
emerge, or emerges only partially, it is considered to be impacted.An impacted tooth remains stuck in gum tissue or bone for

often preferable to have wisdom teeth removed before age 30 due to the flexibility of bone, which will allow an easier removal
e, such as falling toward one side Nausea and vomiting Ringing or other noises in the ears (tinnitus)
e.The following raise your risk for labyrinthitis:Drinking large amounts of alcohol Fatigue History of allergies Recent viral illness,
allergy, cholesteatoma, or taking certain drugs that are dangerous to the inner ear.
rgency symptoms include double vision, weakness or paralysis, slurring of speech, convulsions, fainting, persistent vomiting, or
2 to 3 months. Continued dizziness is more likely to last in older patients.Hearing usually returns to normal. In some cases, hea
ry leukoplakia are painless, fuzzy white patches on the side of the tongue.The sores are:Usually white or gray Sometimes red (c
uth may be caused by:Rough teeth Rough places on dentures, fillings, and crowns Smoking or other tobacco use (smoker's kera

your cheek, tongue, or lip Burning your mouth from hot food or drinks Braces Chewing tobaccoCold sores are caused by the he

hrush or another type of infection) Your mouth sore lasts longer than 2 weeks You have a weakened immune system (for exam
ur lips, gums, tongue, lining of your cheeks, or elsewhere? Are the sores open ulcers? Are there large, white patches on the roo
anus Oral thrushThe skin lesion of histoplasmosis may also appear as a mouth ulcer.
ral cancer Oral lichen planus Oral thrush
r if mouth ulcers return frequently, or if new symptoms develop.
t may first appear as a mouth ulcer that does not heal. See: Squamous cell carcinoma
g Overuse of decongestant nasal sprays Repeated sneezing Surgery on the face or nose Taking large doses of aspirin or blood-t
hemorrhagic telangiectasia (also called HHT or Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome).Blood thinners such as Coumadin, Plavix, or asp
hould be taken Your nose may be broken (for example, it is misshapen after a blow or injury)Call your doctor if you or your child
stions about your nosebleeds, including:Is there a lot of bleeding? Do the nosebleeds stop quickly when you press on the nostr
uring, and right after, an ear infection. Permanent hearing loss is rare, but the risk increases with the number of infections.
chian tube becomes blocked, fluid can build up. This may lead to pressure behind the eardrum or an ear infection.Ear pain in ad
re headache Swelling around the ear Weakness of the face musclesSevere pain suddenly stops; this may be a sign of a rupture
skull is often a sign of a serious infection.
d material on a child's pillow is often a sign of a ruptured eardrum. The eardrum may also bleed.Causes of a ruptured eardrum i
charge is associated with other symptoms, such as fever or headache. There is loss of hearing. There is redness or swelling com
may be cancer, most thyroid nodules are harmless and are not cancerous.Most of the time, there are no other symptoms.
h-dose external radiation treatments to the neck, especially during childhood, used to treat childhood cancer or some benign ch
ood, but is most often seen in adults around the age of 45.

s younger than 40 and for those with smaller tumors.The following factors may decrease the survival rate:Age over 45 Cancer h
y increases. Difficulty moving one side of the face, known as facial nerve palsy
t begin the digestion process, and help cleanse the mouth by washing away bacteria and food particles. By keeping the mouth m

2 - 3 weeks or is getting larger

erous and further treatment is needed.
he ear or ear canal
e ear infections.Other causes of swimmer's ear include:Inflammation and irritation of the bone and tissues at the bottom of the
spiratory infections such as colds.
mptoms get worse or continue despite treatment You have new symptoms, such as fever or pain and redness of the skull behin

e:Bitter taste in the mouth Breath odor General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling Fever Pain when chewing Sensitivity of the
enamel allow bacteria to infect the center of the tooth (the pulp). Infection may spread out from the root of the tooth and to t

d in many cases.
eth Fever Foul taste in the mouth Gums appear reddened and swollen Grayish film on the gums Painful gums Profuse gum blee
elopment. This protein is a transcription factor, which means that it attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps contro
he altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person has one parent with the conditi

d more than twice per month after age 5 or 6, it is called bedwetting or nocturnal enuresis.Bedwetting is common. More than 5
ther causes.If your child is having pain with urination, fever, or blood in the urine, contact your child's doctor right away.
eem because of the problem. It is important to reassure the child. Most children respond to some type of treatment.

begin to bear weight (about 12 to 18 months old).By around age 3, the child can usually stand with the ankles apart and the kn

include:Black eyes Broken bones that are unusual and unexplained Bruise marks shaped like hands, fingers, or objects (such a
n do not realize that abuse is not appropriate discipline.Often people who commit physical abuse also have poor impulse contro
know that someone is being abused.
op trusting relationships with adult caregivers.The authorities will determine whether the abuser gets psychiatric help, such as
lf-esteem, depression, and anxiety Rebellious behavior8Sleep disordersVague physical complaints
cted child abuse of any form must be reported to the authorities.
was abused The success of therapy and parenting classes
neself (encopresis) Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa Genital or rectal symptoms, such as pain during a bowel movem
abuse occurs, because it is more secret than physical abuse. Children are often scared to tell anyone about the abuse. Many c

d and the type of abuse Therapy

ature infants). It occurs in about 3 - 4% of full-term infants.Once a testicle has been found in the scrotum, it is considered desce

escended testicles, the testicles cannot be found at the time of surgery. This is called a vanished or absent testis.
eformed nails Short arms and legs, especially forearm and lower leg Short height (between 3 1/2 and 5 feet tall) Sparse, absent
xt to each other.The severity of the disease varies from person to person. The highest rate of the condition is seen among the O

mptoms, visit your health care provider.Genetic counseling can help families understand the condition and how to care for the
tem is involved and to what extent that body system is involved. Like most genetic conditions involving bones or the physical st
ild may stop using an affected limb or may limp Back painBody-wide JRA symptoms:Fever, usually high fevers every day Rash (t
healthy body tissue.It is divided into several categories:Systemic JRA involves joint swelling or pain, fevers, and rash. It is the lea

eatment New symptoms develop

school attendance, and to be disabled.Long periods with no symptoms are more common in those who have only a small num
situation and begins to have symptoms such as:Physical symptoms:Decreased appetite, other changes in eating habits Headach
antities, stress is good, it can motivate you and help you be more productive. However, excessive stress can interfere with life,

ctive in the television programs that young children watch (including news broadcasts), which can produce fears and anxiety. S
rsist for weeks.Common symptoms include:Anxiety or nervousness Depression Not thinking clearly Fatigue Irritability Jumpines
ohol withdrawal symptoms when you stop drinking.You may have more severe withdrawal symptoms if you have certain other
ght be in alcohol withdrawal, especially if you were using alcohol often and recently stopped.Call for an appointment with you
mild and uncomfortable disorder to a serious, life-threatening condition.Symptoms such as sleep changes, rapid changes in mo
in their body. You may be having pain i n your abdomen, headaches, and muscle tightness or pain.When you are very stressed
Breaking up with someone An injury or illness to you, a friend, or a loved one is a common cause of stress. Feelings of stress an
, or a racing heartbeat. You are unable to work or function at home or at your job. You have fears that you cannot control. You
s Slowing of activityThe craving and depression can last for months following cessation of long-term heavy use (particularly dail
er parts of the body can be very serious or even deadly.When cocaine use is stopped or when a binge ends, a crash follows alm

abetes and asthma.Treatment should start with the least restrictive option and move up if necessary. Outpatient care is as effe
octors' misinterpretation of patients' descriptions of their condition. It is very common in Pakistani culture as well. Most of them
odes of violence Hostility when confronted about drug dependence Lack of control over drug abuse - being unable to stop or r
ave a history of addiction.The exact cause of drug abuse and dependence is not known. However, a person's genes, the action o
g supply and are at risk of withdrawal.Most employers also offer referral services for their employees with substance abuse pro
ed dependence.
This might be (for example) to hold a large snake and rub it against their cheek for several minutes. They should also have in mi
k of the neck, shoulders, chest, lower back, hips, shins, elbows, and knees. The pain then spreads out from these areas. The pai
sponsible for pain may react differently in fibromyalgia patients Sleep disturbances Infection, such as a virus, although none has
ck pain Chronic fatigue syndrome Depression Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) Lyme disease Sleep disorders

motions:Denial, disbelief, numbness Anger, blaming others Bargaining (for instance "If I am cured of this cancer, I will never sm
t affects their quality of life. The end of a significant relationship may also cause a grieving process.Everyone feels grief in their
depression that interferes with your daily life
, including:Belching Bloating Chest pain Confusion Dizziness Dry mouth Lightheadedness Muscle spasms in hands and feet Num
onia or sepsis Ketoacidosis and similar medical conditions Lung disease such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
a specific fear or phobia, such as a fear of heights, dying, or closed-in spaces (claustrophobia).
ticed any bleeding. Worsening of symptoms.
symptoms. Eating marijuana can cause slower, and sometimes less predictable effects.Marijuana can cause undesirable side eff
emergency number.If the person has stopped breathing or has no pulse, begin CPR and continue it until help arrives.

ed. They thrash around violently and are often not aware of their surroundings. You may be unable to talk to, comfort, or fully
n in boys ages 5 - 7, although they also can occur in girls. They are fairly common in children ages 3 - 7, and much less common
ht terror The night terror causes, or almost causes, injuries
g asleep or staying asleep.
de:Abrupt alcohol withdrawal Breathing disorder in sleep (sleep apnea) Death of a loved one (bereavement) Excessive alcohol c
h your daily activities for a long period of time
include:Abdominal cramping Diarrhea Dilated pupils Goose bumps Nausea VomitingOpioid withdrawal reactions are very unco
uch as Oxycontin.These drugs can cause physical dependence. This means that a person relies on the drug to prevent symptom

apt to a wide range of settings.These patterns usually begin in adolescence and may lead to problems in social and work situatio
egorize these disorders into the following types:Antisocial personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder Borderline person

treatment.
ctivities such as moving furniture, going to the bathroom, and dressing or undressing. Some people even drive a car while they
ming is most common.Each night people go through several cycles of non-REM and REM sleep. S leepwalking (somnambulism)
ptoms Sleepwalking is frequent or persistent You perform potentially dangerous activities (such as driving) while sleepwalking
al for sleepwalkers to perform activities that are dangerous. However, you may need to take care to prevent injuries such as fal
enerally associated with damage to the frontal lobes of the brain" which includes "difficulties with high-level tasks such as plan
in their body. You may be having pain in your abdomen, headaches, and muscle tightness or pain.When you are very stressed,
Breaking up with someoneAn injury or illness to you, a friend, or a loved one is a common cause of stress. Feelings of stress an
, or a racing heartbeat. You are unable to work or function at home or at your job. You have fears that you cannot control. You
mily member If you are interested in getting more information on drug abuse If you are seeking treatment of drug abuse for yo
Giving away belongings Talking about going away or the need to get my affairs in order Suddenly changing behavior, especially c
niaPeople who try to commit suicide are often trying to get away from a life situation that seems impossible to deal with. Man
eglected or abused Living in communities where there have been recent outbreaks of suicide in young people Romantic breaku

hreaten or try to commit suicide will eventually kill themselves.The person needs mental health care right away. Do not dismis
s that are obtained through gastric lavage or after vomiting.
d how much.This test is sometimes part of an investigation for drug use or abuse. Special consents, handling and labeling of spe
may be some throbbing.Urine test: A urine test involves normal urination. There is no discomfort.
ne the cause of acute drug toxicity, to monitor drug dependency, and to determine the presence of substances in the body for m
your specific test results.A negative value usually means that alcohol, prescription medications that have not been prescribed,
scribed for the person indicates illicit drug use.
re difficult than from others.Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:Excessive bleeding Fain
ess. Often, people with ARDS are so sick they are unable to complain of symptoms.
ng chemicals Pneumonia Septic shock TraumaARDS leads to a buildup of fluid in the air sacs. This fluid prevents enough oxygen
gets worse and becomes ARDS. If you have trouble breathing, call your local emergency number (such as 911) or go to the em
damage. Many people who survive ARDS have memory loss or other problems with thinking after they recover. This is due to br
ail abnormalities
disease is depends on how long the person was exposed to asbestos and the amount he or she breathed in. Often, people do n
onary fibrosis if you stop being exposed to asbestos.Patients who develop malignant mesothelioma tend to have a poor outcom
ness of breath WheezingOther symptoms that can occur with this disease:Breath odor Excessive sweating Swallowing difficulty
e esophagus, the tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach (esophageal stricture, gastroesophageal reflux) Drinkin

eath Wheezing
ailure develops, the patient may have a long-term illness or die. Many people who have aspiration pneumonia have other serio

ents who were in the hospital.Risk factors for developing atelectasis include:Anesthesia Foreign object in the airway (most com

gen for the body to function. Large areas of atelectases may be life threatening, especially in a baby or small child, or someone
d then improves over 4 - 5 days. Even though symptoms will improve, it may take a while for them to go away completely.The m
ia due to chlamydia-related bacteria occurs year round and accounts for 5 - 15% of all pneumonias. It is usually mild. Pneumon
rule out pneumonia.
such as kidney failure, diabetes, COPD, a weak immune system, and death.
or Chronic cough with large amounts of foul-smelling sputum Clubbing of fingers Coughing up blood Cough that gets worse wh
ing a foreign object.Cystic fibrosis causes about half of all bronchiectasis in the United States.The condition can also be caused
mor are some of the risk factors.
y Other symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment

al infection Fatigue Fever -- usually low Shortness of breath worsened by exertion or mild activity WheezingEven after acute bro
may get another (secondary) bacterial infection in the airways. This means that bacteria infect the airways, in addition to the vir

ou have a low-grade fever for 3 or more days You have thick, greenish mucus, especially if it has a bad smell You feel short of b
r a number of months.The chance for recovery is poor for persons with advanced chronic bronchitis. Early recognition and trea
inner lining and the outer lining of the lung (pleural space).The area where the tube will be inserted is numbed (local anesthes
aks from the lung into the chest (pneumothorax). Bleeding into the chest (hemothorax). Collection of fat in the chest (chylotho

g difficulties, and the need for oxygen. You'll need to breathe deeply and cough often to help re-expand the lung, help with dra
reath on exertion. Sweating, excessive (night sweats).Low oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxemia) with CMV pneumonia often p
time, but typically only individuals with weakened immune systems become ill from CMV infectionUsually CMV produces no sym

ections due to the additional immunosuppression.

sease. Common symptoms are dry cough, shortness of breath, fever, fatigue and weight loss. Less common symptoms are hem

2/3 of patients treated with steroids, with symptoms generally clearing over several months.
ork beyond that number of uses, the amount of medication delivered may not be correct. It is important to keep track of the nu
omponent of tobacco that acts on the brain.Cigarette smoking is the most popular method of using tobacco; however, there ha
e of negative health consequences. It is well documented that most smokers identify tobacco use as harmful and express a des
akes at work. Depression.Symptoms of low blood oxygen level (chronic hypoxia) can also occur, such as shortness of breath or
he brain's control over breathing, and excessive weight (due to obesity) against the chest wall, which makes it hard for a person

g a motor vehicle accident.

uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise). Shortness of breath. Weight loss (unintentional).
fluid. This fluid puts pressure on the lungs.Risk factors include:Bacterial pneumonia. Chest surgery. Lung abscess. Trauma or inju

rainage. However, most people fully recover from empyema.

pneumoconiosis depends on how long you have been around coal dust. Most people with this disease are older than 50. Smok
sing plants, and veterinarians are at increased risk for this infection. Typical birds involved are parrots, parakeets, and budgerig

s are the cause of most benign lesions. You have a greater risk for developing a solitary pulmonary nodule if you have:Tubercu

done. On occasion, the appearance of the nodule on CT scan may warrant continued follow-up.
symptoms:Chest pain (most often behind your breast bone) Dry cough Shortness of breathSymptoms of general discomfort or
f immune cells.The disease can affect almost any organ of the body, but it most commonly affects the lungs.Possible causes of
n than males. The disease typically begins between ages 20 and 40. Sarcoidosis is very rare in young children. A person with a c

3 years. About 20% of people whose lungs are involved will develop lung damage.The overall death rate from sarcoidosis is less
Heerfordt syndrome Bilateral hilar adenopathy on CXR without symptoms Positive panda and/or lambda sign on gallium scan
chest wall into the space around the lungs, called the pleural space. Fluid is collected and may be sent to a laboratory for testin
o determine the cause of the extra fluid, or to relieve symptoms from the fluid buildup.The test may be also performed for the

rovider determine the cause of pleural effusion. Possible causes include:Cancer Cirrhosis Heart failure Infection Inflammation M

hing contaminated by the virus, such as a toy or doorknob.People are most contagious for the first 2 to 3 days of a cold. A cold i

as you may cough up mucus, or even bloody mucus) Fever, which may be mild or high Shaking chills Shortness of breath (may o
ost often caused by one of several viruses:Adenovirus Influenza Parainfluenza Respiratory syncytial virusPeople who are at risk

cause, you also may have weakness in your legs or feet.Low back pain can vary widely. The pain may be mild, or it can be so se
on area affected is your low back. This is because the low back supports most of your body's weight.Low back pain is the numbe
e Are overweight Have a job that requires heavy lifting, a lot of bending and twisting, or whole body vibration (such as truck driv
urine or stool (incontinence) Pain traveling down your legs below the knee Pain that is worse when you lie down or that wakes

pain are:A utoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus Bursitis Chondromalacia patellae Gout (especially foun
ht loss).Your joint pain lasts for more than 3 days.You have severe, unexplained joint pain, particularly if you have other unexpl
back pain can vary widely. The pain may be mild, or it can be so severe that you are unable to move. Depending on the cause
simple movement (such as reaching for something or bending from your waist) leads to the feeling of pain.The specific part of y
e Are overweight Have a job that requires heavy lifting, a lot of bending and twisting, or whole body vibration (such as truck driv
dder changes.

d-like band Thickening of the lines in the palms of the hands

r is affected most often, followed by the little, middle, and index fingers.A small, painless nodule develops in the connective tiss
losis, diabetes, and liver disease.

ery in some cases.

weakness Tenderness and swelling of the arms and legs (occasionally including joints) Thickened skin with puckered appearanc
ophils, a type of white blood cell, in the affected fascia and muscles. Eosinophils are related to allergic reactions, but their exac
 s.Appearance of hunchback Fatigue Back pain Tenderness and stiffness in the back Shortness of breath Chest pain
matosis Paget's disease Polio Spina tuberculosis Spina tumors Spina bifida Scoliosis Trauma Poor posture of teen-agers

ccompanied with complications such as decreased lung function, disabling back pain, neurological symptoms iand round back d
s that restricts movement in the hip Knee pain Limited range of motion Persistent thigh or groin pain Shortening of the leg, or l
ollapse and become flat. Usually only one hip is affected, although it can occur on both sides.The blood supply returns over seve

ldren younger than 6 years old who receive treatment are more likely to end up with a normal hip joint. Children older than ag
Cold and numb fingers or toes (Raynaud's phenomenon): In response to cold or stress, your fingers or toes might turn white an
r immune system (responsible for fighting off disease) mistakenly attacks healthy cells. In connective tissue diseases, your immu

nnective tissue disease.

ain, gets worse during or after movement. Pain increases during humid or moist weather. Joint tenderness Joint stiffness: It ma

any joints, including the spine and sacroiliac joints.People who also have arthritis usually have the skin and nail changes. Often,
tion. In most cases, psoriasis comes before the arthritis.The cause of psoriatic arthritis is not known, but genes, body defence m

e arthritis Gout Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease Pseudogout

ities to do daily tasks. Prognosis depends on:Severity of joint destruction Involvement of skin and nails Comorbid conditions
a minute to several hours. Usual signs and symptoms are:Turn pale or white and then blue Feel numb, cold, or painful Turn red
temperatures Stress Family history of Raynaud's disease Female gender Age between 15~30

ymptoms:Decreased urine output No urine output (anuria) Nausea, vomiting, changes in thinking caused by kidney failure and
mass (or masses) that can block the tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. Doctors don't know why these masse

, depending on the degree of tissue inflammation. When the disease is active, the following symptoms appear.Morning stiffnes

heir abilities of doing daily tasks. Prognosis depends on:Whether the patient shows rheumatoid nodules or not: Patients with su
changes Weight loss Decreased radial pulses (at the wrist) Difference in blood pressure between the two arms High blood pres
st Asian, Indian or Mexican descent. However, it is now being seen more often in other parts of the world. Several genes that in

tter chance of survival than children.

e muscles over and over again, small tears develop in the tendon. Over time, this leads to irritation and pain where the tendon
e symptoms.However, any activity that involves repetitive twisting of the wrist (like using a screwdriver) can lead to this conditi
nd you are sure you have tennis elbowCall for an appointment with your health care provider if:This is the first time you have h

t go away or become worse and cannot be controlled or healed Tumors of the lower limb Severe burns or severe frostbite Wo
 there. This is called phantom sensation. Sometimes this feeling can be painful. That is called phantom pain. The joint closest to
ugs or herbs you bought without a prescription If you have been drinking a lot of alcoholDuring the days before your surgery, yo
e to take pain medicine as you need them.You may have a tube that drains fluid from the wound. This will be taken out after a
cted. An appendix that has a hole in it (perforated) can leak and infect the entire abdomen area, which can be life-threatening.I
ften, the first symptom is pain around your belly button.The pain may be mild at first, but it becomes sharp and severe. The pain

of the wound.Other risks with an appendectomy after a ruptured appendix include the following:Buildup of pus (abscess), whic
ymptoms.Your health care provider will examine your abdomen and rectum. Other tests may be done.Laboratory testsBlood te
out 4 to 6 weeks. Limiting physical activity during this time allows tissues to heal.After an uncomplicated appendectomy, your
ft can also be made from frozen, donated bone (allograft). Most allograft bone comes from donors who have died. Tissue banks

women then men. Malignancies generally originate in either the glandular tissues that secrete milk or in the ductal structures
der by reaching in through the incision and gently lifting it out. Surgery is done while you are under general anesthesia (uncons
ve some or all of these symptoms:Pain after eating, usually in the upper right or upper middle area of your belly (epigastric pai

s for gallbladder surgery include:Bleeding. Infection in your belly. Injury to the common bile duct. Injury to the small intestine.
ray or electrocardiogram (EKG), for some people. Several x-rays of the gallbladder.Always tell your doctor or nurse:If you are or
ay after this surgery. If there were problems during your surgery, or if you have bleeding, a lot of pain, or a fever, you may need
na and into the muscle. A midline cut is made straight down between the vagina and anus. The cut makes the opening to the v
es may still be performed when there is a complicated delivery. An episiotomy may be needed if the baby's head or shoulders a

ches are absorbed by the body and do not need to be removed. You can relieve pain and discomfort with medication and ice in
titches. The surgeon will tighten the opening in your diaphragm to keep your stomach from bulging through.Your surgeon will t
e medicines. Symptoms of heartburn are burning in the stomach that you may also feel in your throat or chest, burping or gas b

sks for this surgery are:Gas bloat, which makes it hard to burp or throw up. It also causes bloating after meals. These symptoms
procedure have already had this test. If you have not, you will need to. Other tests, such as manometry (to measure gases) or p
cedure.Most patients go back to work 2 to 3 weeks after laparoscopic surgery and 4 to 6 weeks after open surgery.

with the prescriptions (if available) with you on the day of surgery. If you are diabetic, a special instructions may be given to yo
t make sure not to use this soap near your eyes, ears and mouth. Do not use the regular soap after you have used the antisepti

n which the testicle become twisted in the scrotum and loses its blood supply. If this twisting is not relieved quickly, the testicl
cular cancer

ers near the ankle (this is more often seen in severe cases)
main in the vein. Pooling of blood in a vein causes it to enlarge.This process usually occurs in the veins of the legs, although it m

legs elevated or avoiding excessive standing Complications occur, including a sudden increase in pain or swelling, fever, rednes
ny nose Skin rashes Stomach cramps Vomiting WheezingWhat part of the body is contacted by the allergen plays a role in the s
ergies, the immune response is oversensitive. When it recognizes an allergen, it releases chemicals such as histamines. which fi

hots are most effective when used to treat those with hay fever symptoms and severe insect sting allergies. They are not used t
-headedness, dizziness Hives, itchiness Nasal congestion Nausea, vomiting Palpitations Skin redness Slurred speech Wheezing
ergic reaction may occur. This reaction happens quickly after the exposure, is severe, and involves the whole body.Tissues in di

rm a line or be more spread out. The welts are painful and may be itchy. They turn pale and swell if irritated. The deeper swelli
, the cause of angioedema is never found. The following may cause angioedema:Animal dander (scales of shed skin). Exposure
Difficulty breathing Fainting Wheezing

r minutes to days, and can become dangerous if the airflow is severely restricted.Cough with or without sputum (phlegm) prod
mptoms can be triggered by breathing in allergy-causing substances (called allergens or triggers).Common asthma triggers incl

th treatment You have shortness of breath while talking Your peak flow measurement is 50-80% of your personal bestGo to th

ulty breathing with wheeze or hoarse voice. Dizziness. Fainting, lightheadedness. Hives over different parts of the body. Nausea
al steps within the body that produce the allergic reaction to a medication.It can develop two different ways:The first time you
r anaphylaxis. These are emergency conditions.

s, hoarse voice, and wheezing.Other symptoms that may occur include:Abdominal pain. Diarrhea. Difficulty swallowing. Itching
od allergies is related to your body making a type of allergy-producing substance called immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to a
before calling 911. The sooner you inject the epinephrine, the better. Anyone who has had an allergic reaction to a food should

:Stuffy nose (nasal congestion) Coughing Clogged ears and decreased sense of smell Sore throat Dark circles under the eyes Puffi
tion.Hay fever involves an allergic reaction to pollen. (A similar reaction occurs with allergy to mold, animal dander, dust, and s

nce causes allergies for an individual, it can continue to affect the person over the long term.
ver. Malaise (feeling ill). Shortness of breath.Symptoms of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis may include:Breathlessness, es
ure to proteins found in the feathers or droppings of many species of birds.Farmer's lung is caused by exposure to dust from m

ommon methods is the prick test. This test involves placing a small amount of suspectedallergy-causing substances on the skin,
ives. Food allergies. Contact dermatitis. Penicillin allergy.NOTE: Allergies to penicillin and closely related medications are the on

ving are due to exposure to the substance in question. In general, a stronger response means you are more sensitive to the sub
pear within minutes or hours. A true hive comes and goes. When you press the center of one, it turns white. This is called blanc
hay fever.When swelling or welts occur around the face, especially the lips and eyes, it is called angioedema. Swelling from an
 thers. Sometimes, relaxation and the use of imagery as a distraction provide relief. These methods can be powerful and effecti
rows, some symptoms may be:Pulsating feeling near the navel Pain in the abdomen or back -- severe, sudden, persistent, or co

e to the shoulder, neck, arm, jaw, abdomen, or hips Change position -- pain typically moves to the arms and legs as the acute ao
ns because of a tear or damage to the inner wall of the aorta. This usually occurs in the chest (thoracic) part of the artery, but i
arctation (narrowing) of the aorta Connective tissue disorders Heart surgery or procedures Marfan syndrome and rare genetic

ressure. They will need to be followed up with CT scans every few months to monitor the aorta.
et or type 2 diabetesOccasionally, the following can also occur:Gastrointestinal reflux Hypothyroidism Liver dysfunction Small p
on is extremely rare. It is more common in Holland and Sweden than in the United States.

ged tongue Fatigue Numbness of hands and feet Shortness of breath Skin changes Swallowing problems Swelling in the arms a
scle damage (cardiomyopathy) leading to congestive heart failure Intestinal malabsorption Liver enlargement Kidney failure Ne

ndicate complications have developed.

w blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, and lightheadedness may occur. The risk of death after a rupture is high.
brain (cerebral aneurysm) In the leg behind the knee popliteal artery aneurysm) Intestine (mesenteric artery aneurysm) An arte

pain is related to coronary artery disease. Feeling of chest pressure: Some people feel chest pressure just like a huge stone on
sk factors you can changeCigarette smoking: Cigarette somking has a close relationship with many cardiovascular diseases. Smo
tness of breath Angina or chest pain accompanying with sweating or nausea or discomfort in shoulders, arms, jaws, neck or ab
pain is related to coronary artery disease. Feeling of chest pressure: Some people feel chest pressure just like a huge stone on
sk factors you can changeCigarette smoking: Cigarette somking has a close relationship with many cardiovascular diseases. Smo
tness of breath Angina or chest pain accompanying with sweating or nausea or discomfort in shoulders, arms, jaws, neck or ab

mal gene leads to low levels of antithrombin III. These low levels of antithrombin III can cause abnormal blood clots (thrombi) th

sual symptoms includePale skin Dizziness or fainting Shortness of breath Headache Chest pain Nosebleed Hypertension Muscle
s, such as Turner syndrome. However, it can also be due to birth defects of the aortic valves. Aortic coarctation is one of the mo
fections during pregnancy
en shortness of breath Severe chest pain Fainting Unexplained hypertension

e to the shoulder, neck, arm, jaw, abdomen, or hips Change position -- pain typically moves to the arms and legs as the aortic di
ause of a tear or damage to the inner wall of the aorta. This usually occurs in the chest (thoracic) part of the artery, but it may
ent of aortic dissection include:Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation (narrowing) of the aorta Connective tissue disorders Heart sur

e. They will need to be followed up with CT scans every few months to monitor the aorta.
eft side of the chest Crushing, squeezing, pressure, tightness Pain increases with exercise, and goes away with rest Fainting Fati
mounts of blood leave the heart with each squeeze or contraction. This leads to a strong and forceful pulse (bounding pulse). Ov
 es what is known as angina -type pain. The pain is crushing, squeezing, pressure or tightness in nature. The pain increases with
e, which increases the risk of these calcifications and makes them more likely to develop aortic stenosis. Worldwide, aortic sten
high cholesterol. These are the same risk factors for atherosclerosis of the coronary blood vessels.People who had rheumatic
d your symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop.
e expectancy.Those with more severe symptoms, such as chest pain or signs of heart failure like shortness of breath and leg sw
is a bicuspid aortic valve. As shown below, the aortic valve normally has three leaflets, but a bicuspid aortic valve has only two.
the body. A leaky valve lets blood back into the heart after it has been pumped out. The heart must therefore pump more bloo
esults of several tests including an echocardiogram and sometimes cardiac catheterization. An echocardiogram may show enlar
e are two types of artificial valves or prostheses: mechanical valves and biological valves. Examples of the valves that your card
f view there is little if any difference between valves. The principle advantage of mechanical valves is their excellent durability.
e has to work harder to pump the blood out to the body. This extra work consumes significant energy and ultimately requires e

al valves, and for life for those with mechanical valves. Once the wounds have healed, most patients should experience few if a
percutaneous surgery.Your surgeon may make a 2-inch to 3-inch cut in the right part of your chest near the sternum (breastbon
failure. Tests show that changes in your aortic valve are beginning to seriously harm how well your heart works. Your heart val

wer risks than open surgery. Possible risks from minimally invasive valve surgery are:Damage to other organs, nerves, or bones
ery. Ask your surgeon about how you and your family members can donate blood.For the 2-week period before surgery, you ma
it in the hospital. You will slowly resume some activity. You may begin a program to make your heart and body stronger.You m
heart and aorta (the main blood vessel leading from your heart to the rest of your body). Most people are connected to a hear
ncope), or heart failure. Tests show that changes in your aortic valve are beginning to seriously harm how well your heart work

Heart attack or stroke Heart rhythm problems Incision infection, which is more likely to occur in people who are obese, have d
ry. Ask your surgeon how you and your family members can donate blood.For the 2-week period before surgery, you may be as
surgery.You may have a catheter (flexible tube) in your bladder to drain urine. You may also have intravenous (IV, in a vein) line
ness of breath, and other symptoms.Narrowed or blocked arteries may also cause problems and symptoms in your intestines, k
nd block blood flow. Pieces of plaque can also break off and move to smaller blood vessels, blocking them.Either way, the block
s are:Diabetes Family history of hardening of the arteries High blood pressure Smoking

he heart beat (palpitations) Shortness of breath while lying down (orthopnea) Confusion Dizziness, light-headedness Fainting (
t to contract in a synchronized way begins in the sinoatrial node (SA node). This node is your heart's natural pacemaker.The sig

s about everything you are taking, including prescription medicines, non-prescription medicines, vitamins, herbs, and supplem
aminophen, and don’t take more Tylenol than what is recommended on the label.
with your abdominal muscles.

tably. Numbness or weakness in your face, arm, or leg. Blurry or decreased vision. Problems speaking or understanding speech
ar, or too slow Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) Confusion Dizziness, light-headedness Fainting Fatigue Loss of a
the blood the body needs. In atrial fibrillation, the electrical impulse of the heart is not regular.Parts of the heart cannot contr
History of chronic pulmonary disease Stress and anxiety

Sensation of feeling your heart beat (palpitations) Shortness of breath with activityThe symptoms and signs of left atrial myxom
mas are the most common type of these rare tumors. About 75% of myxomas occur in the left atrium of the heart, usually grow
ger age than other myxomas.
ody. Myxoma fragments can move to the brain, eye, or limbs.If the tumor grows inside the heart, it can block blood flow throug
Frequent respiratory infections in children Shortness of breath with activityOther health problems may also cause these sympt
atria will close. An atrial septal defect occurs when the opening between the two chambers does not close completely In rare
ctly why certain babies are born with atrial septal defects. More commonly found in women than men, the female-to-male ratio
ymptoms:Heart failure Shortness of breath (Dyspnea) Bluish coloring to the skin Pounding or racing of the heart

uld result in reversal of blood flow (now from right to left). This usually results in significant shortness of breath. With a small to
anal defect is a malformation that allows blood to freely circulate amongst all four of the heart's chambers. In both partial and

mily history of Down syndrome/chromosomal disorders A family history of congenital heart defect Expectant mothers who: Con
e/gain weight
eart valve.Children will also have to take preventative antibiotics prior to any procedures, dental or surgical. These preventative
ms of wet beriberi include:Awakening at night short of breath Increased heart rate Shortness of breath with activity Swelling of
normal, healthy diet, you should get enough thiamine. Today, beriberi occurs mostly in patients who abuse alcohol. Drinking h

also reversible, if caught early. If it is not caught early, some symptoms (such as memory loss) may remain even with treatment
ulty breathing Rapid and irregular heartbeat (palpitations) Loss of consciousness (fainting) Pale skinIf a baby has other congenit
c valve develops during the early weeks of pregnancy, when the baby's heart develops. The cause of this problem is unclear, bu

oms, and the problem is not diagnosed until they are adults. Some people never find out that they have this problem.
e cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), which is a major cause of death in babies younger than one year. It is characte
positively charged sodium atoms (ions) into heart muscle cells. This type of ion channel plays a critical role in maintaining the h
mutations in the gene. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.

arrhythmia.
rsDiseases with similar symptoms:Atherosclerosis Raynaud phenomenon Frostbite Scleroderma Systemic lupus erythematosus
und 35 years. Woman and older adults are affected less often.Thromboangiitis obliterans mostly affects men ages 20 to 40 who
mes as common in males than in female. Age between 20~45 years

r difficulty breathing while lying flat also known as orthopnea Fatigue Increased urination at night also known as nocturia Swell
s that may involve specific organs like the heart (cardiac amlyoidosis), the neurologic system with a peripheral neuropathy or t
tics:Multiple myeloma: Cardiac amyloidosis usually occurs in patients with multiple myeloma. Age over 40: The disease is rare in
of breath, or difficulty breathing while lying flat also known as orthopnea

hythmia is present. Or, you may only notice symptoms when you are more active. Symptoms can be very mild, or they may be s
contract begins in the sinoatrial node (also called the sinus node or SA node). This is your heart's natural pacemaker.The signa
e and nicotine use Electrolyte imbalances

ended on the label.

your abdominal muscles. Begin your exercise program one week after the procedure at half your usual routine, then gradually w

mes red or painful, or yellow or green discharge is draining from it. You have chest pain or shortness of breath that does not go
our entrée is broiled, baked, grilled, steamed or poached instead of fried. Order vegetable side dishes and ask that any sauces
ased soup like minestrone or gazpacho. At salad bars, stay away from high-fat items like cheese, cream dressings, chopped egg
ons Rapid breathing Swelling of the abdomen or other areas Low blood pressure Weak or absent pulse
ortic aneurysm (thoracic) End-stage lung cancer Heart attack (acute MI) Heart surgery Pericarditis caused by bacterial or viral in

Sensation of feeling your heart beat (palpitations) Shortness of breath with activityThe symptoms and signs of left atrial myxom
mas are the most common type of these rare tumors. About 75% of myxomas occur in the left atrium of the heart, usually grow
ger age than other myxomas.

ody. Myxoma fragments can move to the brain, eye, or limbs.If the tumor grows inside the heart, it can block blood flow throug
skin color or blotchy skin Weak (thready) pulse
clude:A large section of heart muscle that no longer moves well or does not move at all Breaking open (rupture) of the heart m

sarcoidosis etc. It can also occur in other conditions like alcoholism, cocaine and crack abuse, pregnancy.

n in men than women.Teens and young adults are more likely than older people to have arrhythmogenic right ventricular dyspl

ve hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)—may live a healthy life with few problems or symptoms. Others may have serious sym
e Loss of sensation

s also a risk factor. Smoking increases the risk of most types of stroke. People who smoke one pack a day have over two times t

ventricular tachycardia goes away, and symptoms stop. At times, ventricular tachycardia can turn into ventricular fibrillation (V
s, CPVT is autosomal dominant which means you need an abnormal gene from only one of your parents to have it. In other case
a genetic test.

e headache that a patient may describe as "the worst headache of my life." Another phrase used to describe this is a sentinel h
ms. A berry aneurysm can vary in size from a few millimeters to over a centimeter. Giant berry aneurysms can reach well over 2
ey disease, coarctation of the aorta, and high blood pressure.
al for you, especially if it is severe or your worst headache ever.
hin about 3 months. Of those who survive, about 25% will have some sort of permanent disability.
disease goes into remission. No other symptoms may appear for many years. When symptoms finally develop, they may include
s people in the United States.

entricular tachycardia) may cause sudden death. Once heart failure develops, death usually occurs within several years.
n, including your heart, lungs, esophagus, muscles, ribs, tendons, or nerves.Heart problems that can cause chest pain:Angina is
gina and your chest discomfort is suddenly more intense, brought on by lighter activity, or lasts longer than usual. Your angina
g factors include emotional stress, large meals, and cold weather. The discomfort is often described as a sense of heaviness, sq

up limits the blood supply to the heart (as shown in the video below). Blood supply is specifically limited when the muscles of t
erweight and obesity Physical inactivity Diabetes (high blood sugar) Poor dietRisk factors that you can't change include:Age Fam
If the symptoms mentioned above persists for more than 15 minutes even after resting or three doses of nitroglycerin or is wo

xperience impotenceFor more severe cases of claudication, you may also experience:Pain while sitting or lying down Extremitie
plaque, which is usually made up of fat and cholesterol. This plaque causes arteries to become rigid and constricted, which can
rs Age over 50 years if you have diabetes or you smoke A family history of: Claudication Atherosclerosis Peripheral artery disea

heart's structure that are present at birth. Often, doctors don't know what causes these defects.

d prompt treatment.

(VSD), may never cause any problems, and some people with a VSD have normal physical activity and a normal life span.
Tricuspid atresia Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Truncus arteriosus Hypoplastic left heart Pulmonary atresia Some f
tions dangerous to fetal development Fail to get proper prenatal care

ol extremities or cold and clammy hands Cyanosis or bluish color to the skin Dizziness Dyspnea on ordinary exertion or greater
of the heart are involved.Heart failure is present when:Your heart muscle cannot pump (eject) the blood out of the heart very
ure Heavy drinking Diabetes Lack of exercise
nce either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:Serious shortness of breath Patients can
urvive as long as those who have mild symptoms. For example, patients with class IV heart failure have the poorest prognosis, w

breast cancer) Tuberculosis (postinfectious)Constrictive pericarditis can also develop with no apparent cause.

he arteries of the lungs (called pulmonary hypertension) puts a strain on the right side of the heart. When the right ventricle is

ransplant can extend survival.

. Usual symptoms are the following:Exertional dyspnea Cough Effort intolerance and easy fatigability Hemoptysis Orthopnea Pa

e contrary, adults with isolated cor triatriatum after surgery have good outcomes.

n a list of all medicines you should take once you are at home. Ask your doctor whether you should go back to taking the medic
ended on the label.
your abdominal muscles. Begin your exercise program one week after the procedure at half your usual routine, then gradually w

The small incision for your catheter becomes red or painful, or yellow or green discharge is draining from it. You have chest pai
rteries. Your doctor may recommend CABG if other treatments, such as lifestyle changes or medicines, haven't worked. He or s
u specific instructions about how to prepare for surgery. He or she will advise you about what to eat or drink, what medicines t
f CABG. They range from traditional surgery in which the chest is opened to reach the heart, to nontraditional surgery in which
st pain, irritability, and decreased appetite. This is due to inflammation involving the lung and heart sac. This complication som
V line, you may get medicines to control blood circulation and blood pressure. You also will likely have a tube in your bladder to
he pain is varies from person to person.It may feel heavy or like someone is squeezing your heart. You feel it under your breast
ood flow to the heart can slow down or stop. This can cause chest pain (stable angina), shortness of breath, heart attack, and o
ease your risk. You are more likely to develop the condition if someone in your family has a history of heart disease -- especiall
 eam computed tomography (EBCT) to look for calcium in the lining of the arteries: the more calcium, the higher your chance fo
he artery. On the contrary, CABG is able to prevent future ischemic insults caused by plaque progression or rupture in other inv
a and make the vein swell with blood. Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects int

ges 20 - 35 in men, and ages 20 - 45 in women. (Note: Different national medical organizations recommend different starting ag
ired) HDL: greater than 40 - 60 mg/dL (higher numbers are desired) Total cholesterol: less than 200 mg/dL (lower numbers are

nclude:Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling light-headed Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight ris

n a list of all medicines you should take once you are at home. Ask your doctor whether you should go back to taking the medic
ended on the label.
your abdominal muscles. Begin your exercise program one week after the procedure at half your usual routine, then gradually w

The small incision for your catheter becomes red or painful, or yellow or green discharge is draining from it. You have chest pai
e and is described as:Constricting Crushing Pressure Squeezing TightnessThe pain:Often occurs at rest May occur at the same tim
the arteries. The contraction occurs in just one area of the artery. The coronary artery may appear normal during angiography,
ny people, coronary vasospasm may occur without any other heart risk factors and it may be triggered by:Alcohol withdrawal, E
pain of a heart attack.A heart attack is a medical emergency. If you have symptoms of a heart attack, seek immediate medical

t stuck in the brain, lungs, heart or another other area that can lead to severe damage.Blood clots may form when something c
cemaker catheter has been passed through the vein in the groin Bedrest Cigarette smoking Family history of blood clots Fractu
her severe symptoms.
m.Blood clots in the thigh are more likely to break off and cause pulmonary embolism (PE) than blood clots in the lower leg or o
d people may have increased skin sensitivity and are very uncomfortable.Other symptoms include:Headache (especially behind
eastern Australia South and Central America Southeast Asia Sub-Saharan AfricaDengue fever is being seen more in world travel
of water-holding containers in and around the home needed for the mosquito's to complete their development sustains the res

llor) Repeated sinus or lung infections

ve other defects of the heart and abdomen area. The simplest type of dextrocardia is one in which the heart is a mirror image
nd expressing the trait. Genetic testing may be performed to assist you in estimating the likelihood that any future children ma
e severity of the problems. The death rate in babies and children without a spleen may be high due to infections. This is at leas

ness, faintness Irregular or rapid pulse Loss of appetite Shortness of breath with activity or after lying down (or being asleep) fo
s of dilated cardiomyopathy, including:Alcohol or cocaine abuse, or medicines that can be toxic to the heart (such as drugs used

dicines or a defibrillator.

cancer.Small blood clots form in the blood vessels. Some of these clots can clog up the vessels and cut off blood supply to vario
thesia Sepsis (a serious infection) Severe tissue injury (as in burns and head injury)

fficulty breathing Dry cough Fast heart rate (tachycardia) Fatigue Fever (more common with the second type of pericarditis) Ma
ericarditis is also called Dressler's syndrome (or post-cardiac injury syndrome or postcardiotomy pericarditis). It occurs several w
dy. If your brain, muscles, or other body organs do not receive enough oxygen, a sense of breathlessness may occur. Lung disea
dren symptoms are mild, and include:Cough Failure to grow Fatigue Rapid breathing Shortness of breath Very fast heartbeat
mon among Caucasians. The tricuspid valve is made up of three parts, called leaflets or flaps. These leaflets or flaps allow blood
mmon among Caucasians.

as already picked up oxygen from the lungs to flow back into the lungs, instead of going out to the rest of the body. Other hear
for carrying and expressing the trait. Genetic testing may be performed to assist you in estimating the likelihood that any futur

pretation of the ECG written (this often misses in a'fresh' ECG, but later the interpretation of the cardiologist or computer will b
gatively charged relative to the outside (resting potential). If the cardiac muscle cells are electrically stimulated they depolarize

ended on the label.

your abdominal muscles. Begin your exercise program one week after the procedure at half your usual routine, then gradually w

sweating Fatigue Joint pain Muscle aches and pains Nail abnormalities (splinter hemorrhages under the nails) Night sweats (ma
bacteria can grow and may form infected clots that break off and travel to the brain, lungs, kidneys, or spleen. Most people wh
e Intravenous drug users are also at risk for this condition, because unsterile needles can cause bacteria to enter the bloodstrea

d=31721)There is a cost associated with INR monitoring of Warfarin of $2,134 per year in the first year (http://www.biomedcen

y.html).Patients who have atrial fibrillation may live less than the usual 13.5 years for a 71 year old. The survival of an atrial fibr
r to the cost per year of life saved for a defibrillator.
as 1.57% for Warfarin and 1.01% for 150 mg of dabigatran. Therefore, there is a 0.56% lower rate of stroke per year. In our pop
1,123, or $200,535. On the other hand, the lifetime cost of all cause stroke is estimated by the CDC to be $100,000. The net tota
duce the cost per year of life saved.No quality adjusted life expectancy data is presented. These data mix present cost with fut
rt, for instance, has a cost-per-life-saved threshold for new road schemes of about 1.5 million GBP per life, or around 30,000 GB
hyroid gland that is underactive or overactive Use of alcohol or drugs such as cocaine or narcotics, especially with regular useFa
weight loss You have constipation, dry skin, weight gain, or you cannot tolerate cold You wake up and fall back to sleep many tim

relative may never get fibromuscular dysplasia, or you might get the condition in a different artery or have a milder case or a m
nosed with the disease, smoking increases further risk.

not seek treatment. This increases the risk of complications and the chances of passing the infection on to another person. Sym
g the tube that carries urine out of the body (urethra). In women, the bacteria may be found in the reproductive tract (which in

0001.jpg Answer example 1 Ami0002.jpg Answer example 2 Ami0003.jpg Answer example 3Ami0004.jpg Answer example 4 Am

own to leave lasting effects on the patient.

ttacks involve discomfort in the center of the chest that lasts for more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back. The d
art). Eventually, an area of plaque can rupture, causing a blood clot to form on the surface of the plaque. If the clot becomes la
ing High blood pressure High blood cholesterol Overweight and obesity Physical inactivity Diabetes (high blood sugar)Risk facto

rt attacks if they got help faster. Of the people who die from heart attacks, about half die within an hour of the first symptoms
e Shortness of breath SyncopeThird degree heart block are more life-threatening than second-degree heart block.
ave autoimmune diseases, such as lupus. People who have these diseases make proteins called antibodies that attack and dama
ross the placenta. (The placenta is the organ that attaches the umbilical cord to the mother's womb.) These antibodies may dam
ompt treatment.
ng care for your condition. People who have third-degree heart block and some people who have second-degree heart block n
n Shortness of breath Chronic cough Enlarged liver Enlarged neck veins Poor appetite and failure to grow normally (in infants) H
tivity or exercise Pregnancy Fever Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen (anemia) An increase in the amount of thyroid ho
ed diabetes or a rubella infection. Taking certain medications or illegal drugs during pregnancy.

nd cannot be fixed with surgery Life-threatening abnormal heartbeats or rhythms that do not respond to other treatmentsHear
ack or stroke Heart rhythm problems High cholesterol levels, diabetes, and bone thinning from the use of rejection medications
et an infection and your heart is working well.The recovery period is about 6 months. Often, your transplant team will ask you t

mangiomas that interfere with breathing, feeding, or other vital functions should also be treated early.

d Seoul virus is found worldwide. Saaremaa is found in central Europe and Scandinavia. In the Americas, hantaviruses cause a d
ay also occur when infected urine or these other materials are directly introduced into broken skin or onto the mucous membra
bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), the reservoir for Puumala virus; and the yellow-necked field mouse (Apodemus flavicollis
nausea, and blurred vision. Individuals may have flushing of the face, inflammation or redness of the eyes, or a rash. Later sym
virus antigen in tissue by immunohistochemical staining and microscope examination, or evidence of hantavirus RNA sequence
sure levels, and appropriate treatment of any secondary infections. Dialysis may be required to correct severe fluid overload. In

liva, and nesting materials, and the safety measures described below should be followed when cleaning rodent-infested areas.

uberculosis
difficulty breathing

face Deafness (gets worse over time) Increased hair (hypertrichosis) Joint stiffness Large head (macrocephaly)
ere form of the disease begins shortly after age 2. A late-onset, mild form causes less severe symptoms to appear later in life.

pine Claw hand Cloudy corneas Deafness Halted growth Heart valve problems Joint disease, including stiffness Mental retardati
ecules are found throughout the body, often in mucus and in fluid around the joints.Without the enzyme, glycosaminoglycans

esterols combined High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol: often called good cholesterol Low density lipoprotein (LDL) chole
hout knowing they have high blood pressure.If you have a severe headache, nausea or vomiting, confusion, changes in your vis
ssential Hypertension.Sedentary Lifestyle Obesity accounts for 80-85% of essential hypertension Increased salt intake Increased
onality traits like in general people who are more commmonly impatient,suffer from high anxiety state and have hostile attitud
k Force (USPSTF)guidelines. In the setting of blood pressure >120/80 with severe headaches,vision difficulty,dizziness,loss of co
king alcohol intake,stress.Besides that medications are given as mentioned above.But if not well-controlled it can lead to variou
re of the kidneys to work correctly.Symptoms of kidney failure is similar to chronic kidney disease, including:Weakness Fatigue
 Blood pressure and kidney function with some urine and blood tests.

on) Light-headedness, especially with or after activity or exercise Sensation of feeling the heartbeat (palpitations) Shortness of
hat control heart muscle growth.Younger people are likely to have a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Howev
omyopathy among many young patients is sudden collapse and possible death. This is caused by very abnormal heart rhythms (

opathy are at higher risk for sudden death than the normal population. Sudden death can occur at a young age.Hypertrophic c
uscle damage (rhabdomyolysis) Muscle weakness or spasms Paralysis (which can include the lungs)
der that occurs when the level of potassium in the blood drops too low.Possible causes of hypokalemia include:Antibiotics (pen

ds and feet (extremities) Lethargy Poor pulse Poor suckling and feeding Pounding heart Rapid breathing Shortness of breathIn
her birth defects.The problem develops before birth when there is not enough growth of the left ventricle and other structures

entricle are important in determining the child's outcome after surgery.

ms for some people.There are three main types of hypotension: Orthostatic hypotension, including postprandial orthostatic hy
ocal emergency number (such as 911). If the person is not breathing or has no pulse, begin CPR.Call your doctor immediately if

ended on the label.

r, washer, dryer, toaster, blender, personal computer and fax machine, hair dryer, stove, CD player, remote controls, and micr
void swimming, playing golf or playing tennis after the procedure.

d drainage, swelling, and pain. You are having the symptoms you had before your ICD was implanted. You are dizzy, have chest
ly a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed

Sudden shortness of breath Cyanosis

ut its length, or are there residual stenoses? Does the stented segment of the vessel appear hazy? Did the stent deployment co
e headache that a patient may describe as "the worst headache of my life." Another phrase used to describe this is a sentinel h
ms. A berry aneurysm can vary in size from a few millimeters to over a centimeter. Giant berry aneurysms can reach well over 2

al for you, especially if it is severe or your worst headache ever.

thin about 3 months. Of those who survive, about 25% will have some sort of permanent disability.

he artery that supplies the colon. Rheumatoid arthritis Use of medications that cause constipation

doses of acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen.Other symptoms often include:Extremely bloodshot or red eyes (without pus or
mation of blood vessels in the arteries, especially the coronary arteries. This inflammation can lead to aneurysms. An aneurysm
. The disease occurs more often in boys than in girls.

to screen for heart problems.

complications.
ombined High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol - often called "good" cholesterol Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
es and cause heart disease, stroke, and other symptoms or problems throughout the body. If you are diagnosed with high chole
eye, but not all people with Lyme disease have a rash. The rash is called erythema chronicum migrans or erythema migrans (EM
o be at increased risk of tick-borne infection. Individuals with outdoor occupations and who work outside with bare or exposed

esiosis Immune suppression in the patient Some patients with Lyme disease have fatigue, joint and/or muscle pain, and neuroc
the arms, legs, face, or other areas Reduced urine Seizure Shortness of breath Weakness of the arms, legs, face, or other areas
a of pregnancyYou are at high risk for malignant hypertension if you have had:Kidney failure Renal hypertension caused by rena
olled high blood pressure.
ilure may develop, which may be permanent and need dialysis (kidney machine).If treated right away, malignant hypertension

y have a tear in their esophagus that causes mediastinitis. Causes of the tear include:A procedure such as endoscopyForceful o

ur health care provider right away.

metabolic syndrome are:Extra weight around the middle and upper parts of the body (central obesity). The body may be descri

hese symptoms may start suddenly.For chronic mitral regurgitation there are often no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, t
a short time period. Chronic mitral regurgitation should be distinguished from acute mitral regurgitation.In acute mitral regurgi

de:Chills Fever General ill feeling Headache Muscle aches

alve.Abnormal heart rhythms associated with acute mitral regurgitation can sometimes be deadly.
asing with activity and decreasing with rest. The pain may radiate to the arm, neck, jaw, or other areas. Cough, possibly hemop
e in the United States, so mitral stenosis is also less common. Radiation treatment involving the chest. Medications such as erg
t medical care as soon as possible:Hemoptysis. Difficulty breathing when lying flat; may wake up with difficulty breathing. Palp
fibrillation, atrial flutter, blood clots to the brain, intestines, kidneys, or other areas, heart failure, pulmonary edema, pulmonar
used by coronary artery disease or a heart attack) Difficulty breathing after activity Fatigue Cough Shortness of breath when lyin
by many different things. In most cases, it is harmless and patients usually do not know they have the problem. As much as 10
the right part of your chest near the sternum (breastbone). Muscles in the area will be divided so your surgeon can reach the h
open fully and restricts blood flow. Your valve has developed an infection (infectious endocarditis) You have severe mitral valv

wer risks than open surgery. Possible risks from minimally invasive valve surgery are:Damage to other organs, nerves, or bones
ery. Ask your surgeon about how you and your family members can donate blood.For the 2-week period before surgery, you ma
Two to three tubes will be in your chest to drain fluid from around your heart. They are usually removed 1 - 3 days after surgery
e to see your heart. Most people are connected to a heart-lung bypass machine or bypass pump. Your heart is stopped while y
This is called mitral stenosis. A valve defect that you have had since birth is called mitral valve prolapse.You may need open hea

:Heart attack or stroke. Heart rhythm problems. Infection in the cut, which is more likely to happen in people who are obese, h
r surgeon how you and your family members can donate blood (autologous donation).For the 2-week period before surgery, yo
after surgery.You may have a flexible tube (catheter) in your bladder to drain urine. You may also have intravenous (IV, in the v
ore throat, diarrhea, or a rash Joint pain or swelling Leg swelling Shortness of breathOther symptoms that may occur with this d
ococcus, Treponema Fungal infections: Aspergillus, Candida, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, HistoplasmaWhen you have an infecti
Swelling of your extremities

or protruding out of the breast bone Short or webbed neck Scoliosis Excess skin on the back of the neck Small penis Undescen
your child's condition.
ose large amounts of weight and gain it back think it is their fault. They blame themselves for not having the willpower to keep
ticholinergics, methotrexate, and diuretics.

ended on the label.

n your home are safe to be around. This includes your refrigerator, washer, dryer, toaster, blender, computers and fax machine
swimming, playing golf or playing tennis after the procedure.

go away. You were unconscious for a moment.

ow heart rate is called bradycardia. An occasional extra heartbeat is known as extrasystole.Palpitations are usually not serious.
ygen in your blood Heart valve disease, including mitral valve prolapse Nicotine Overactive thyroid
per minute or coming in groups of 3 or more). You have risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol, diabetes, or high
n tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated
t woman had German measles during pregnancy
:Shortnesss of breath Hemoptysis
heart failure, problems with lung development, or infective endocarditis.

ple, the opening never closes. If it does not, it is called a patent foramen ovale (PFO). The cause of a patent foramen ovale is un

n cause swelling. Swelling may also occur after pelvic surgery, especially for cancer.Long airplane flights or car rides, as well as
elling in your legs or abdomen. Your swollen foot or leg is red or warm to the touch. You have a fever. You are pregnant and ha
ments for CHD. Other treatments include medicines and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Your doctor will consider many
ube (catheter) through a surgical cut into an artery. Sometimes the catheter will be placed in your arm or wrist. You will be aw
Blockage in a coronary artery during or after a heart attack Blockage of one or more coronary arteries that puts you at risk for a

ng from the blood vessel where the catheters were inserted. Blood vessel damage from the catheters. An allergic reaction to th
cardiologist before the procedure. He or she will go over your medical history (including the medicines you take), do a physical
er, nurses will check your heart rate and blood pressure. They also will check your arm or groin for bleeding. After a few hours,
and swallowing. Patients may often feel better sitting up and leaning forward. Can be a sharp, stabbing pleuritic type pain (pleu
ons with bacteria (much less common) Some fungal infections (even more rare)In addition, pericarditis may be seen with disea

s referred to as a cardiac tamponade. A cardiac tamponade is a condition in which the heart cannot expand to accept blood.
e recover in 2 weeks to 3 months. However, pericarditis may come back. This is called recurrent, or chronic if symptoms or epis

e. Ask your doctor whether you should go back to take the medications you were on before the procedure. Be sure your doctor
ended on the label.
your abdominal muscles.

or numb. The small incision from your catheter becomes red or painful, or yellow or green discharge is draining from it. Your le
r only when you walk uphill, walk faster, or walk for longer distances. Slowly, these symptoms come on more quickly and with l
me stiffer and cannot widen (dilate) to allow greater blood flow when needed.As a result, when the muscles of your legs are wo

t are red, hot, or swollen New sores/ ulcers Signs of infection (fever, redness, general ill feeling) Symptoms of arteriosclerosis o

tigue, weakness, dizziness and shortness of breath.

a flows to right areia or not. Further more, the doctor can measure the speed of blood flow by echocardiogram. Chest x-ray: An

valve at the entrance of the aorta.In truncus arteriosus, a single artery comes out of the ventricles. There is usually also a large
y short of breath, take the child to the emergency room or have the child examined promptly.

can develop:Transudative pleural effusions are caused by fluid leaking into the pleural space. This is caused by increased pressu

theadedness Syncope (fainting) Exercise intolerance Fatigue Poor blood flow to the organs and upper parts of the body which c
Viral infections Bacterial infections Mononucleosis Pneumonia Trauma or injury After or during pregnancy

of the feet and ankles is considered normal with pregnancy.)Symptoms of more severe preeclampsia:Headaches that are dull o

story of preeclampsia is at risk for the condition again during future pregnancies. Often, it is not as severe in later pregnancies.
ged tongue Fatigue Numbness of hands and feet Shortness of breath Skin changes Swallowing problems Swelling in the arms a
scle damage (cardiomyopathy) leading to congestive heart failure Intestinal malabsorption Liver enlargement Kidney failure Ne

ndicate complications have developed.

f these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
developed tricuspid valve. They may also have an underdeveloped right ventricle and abnormal blood vessels feeding the hear

sociated congenital heart diseases Whether corrective surgery has been done or notOutcomes can vary because of the differen
ing sounds with breathing Pale skin Restlessness Shortness of breath Shortness of breath when lying down (orthopnea) -- you m
ormal oxygen movement through the lungs, resulting in shortness of breath.Pulmonary edema may be caused by damage dire

ith deep breathing, coughing, eating, or bending May cause you to bend over and hold your chest due to the painSudden cough
ed a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Less common causes of a pulmonary embolism include air bubbles, fat droplets, amniotic fluid
ophilias occur in association with other medical conditions such as polycythemia vera or antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome.T

or of the lips or skin (cyanosis) Chest pain or pressure, usually in the front of the chest Dizziness or fainting spells Fatigue Weak
ary hypertension. The heart needs to work harder to force the blood through the vessels against this pressure. Over time, the ri
 may not have any symptoms. There may be no symptoms until the disorder is severe. Symptoms, when present, may get wors
d pulmonary valve stenosis. There may also be narrowing just before or just after the valve. The defect may occur alone or with

d pulmonary valve stenosis. There may also be narrowing just before or just after the valve. The defect may occur alone or with
t for decades. Others wear out and will need to be replaced.
e severe regurgitation may contribute to right ventricular hypertrophy, and in later stages, right heart failure. Diastolic Murmu

hycardia Cyanosis
yperkalemia or H ypokalemia H ypoglycemia T ablets or T oxins (Drug overdose) such as beta blockers, tricyclic antidepressants

s who got CPR by a layperson or bystander and immediate defibrillation are noted to have better outcome after out-of-hospital
es on the skin Skin burns (redness, blistering) Sloughing of skin Ulcers in the esophagus, stomach or intestines Vomiting blood W

egs Epistaxis Cardiac problems, which may not have symptoms, or may result in shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations an
n ages 5-15, and occurs approximately 20 days after strep throat or scarlet fever.
d to be evaluated and treated if you do have strep throat, to decrease your risk of developing rheumatic fever.

es what is known as angina -type pain. The pain is crushing, squeezing, pressure or tightness in nature. The pain increases with
in those who've had rheumatic fever, a condition that may develop after strep throat or scarlet fever. Valve problems do not d
re, and high cholesterol. These are the same risk factors for atherosclerosis of the coronary blood vessels.
n and your symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop.
rmal life expectancy.Those with more severe symptoms, such as chest pain or signs of heart failure like shortness of breath and

valve disease and cardiac sarcoidosis. Some infections, such as Lyme disease. Heart surgery.You may have heart block because
coidosis Lyme disease High potassium levels Severe hypothyroidism Certain inherited neuromuscular diseases Medicines that s

ital edemaOther less common symptoms include:Abdominal mass Enlarged tongue Fatigue Numbness of hands and feet Short
Chronic infection of the kidney (Chronic pyelonephritis) Diseases that lead to chronic states of inflammation include: Poorly con

swelling of the ankles or other areas, decreased urine output, or other symptoms that may indicate complications have develo

eam. A severe allergic reaction can cause anaphylactic shock. An insect bite or sting might cause it. Cardiogenic shock happens

tinues at a regular pace for a period of time, often becoming louder. It is then interrupted by a long silent period during which
lax during sleep, the upper throat should remain open wide enough to let air pass through unobstructed.Several factors may a
pnea.Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep Apnea:Obesity: Obesity has been closely linked to OSA in part because the extra fat arou

wing.Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body) Sudden confusion, trouble spe
troke occurs when a blood vessel in your brain leaks or ruptures. About 80 percent of strokes are ischemic strokes. Clinical stud

atient to the hospital after onset, the better outcome will get. Whether the patient is accompanied with the complications or no
f the eyesThe swelling will most likely be worse in the early morning hours and go away by mid morning.The most common sym
ude:Breast cancer Lymphoma Metastatic lung cancer (lung cancer that spreads) Testicular cancer Thyroid cancer Thymic tumo

eathOther symptoms that can occur with this condition:Dizziness Fainting

moves through the upper heart chambers (the atria) and tells the atria to contract. After this, the signal moves down in the hea
or other symptoms occur with the rapid heart rate. Symptoms return often New symptoms develop

s:Dizziness Seizure Vertigo Coma Shock

ttack (TIA) StrokeVasovagal syncope: This is the most frequent and benign cause of syncope.Cough syncope Defecation syncope

ead to a cerebral hemorrhage.

eath and rapid breathing, especially during feeding Loss of consciousness (fainting) Clubbing of fingers and toes — an abnormal
ajor blood vessels:Ventricular septal defect (hole between the right and left ventricles) Narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tra
r nutrition A mother older than 40 A parent with tetralogy of Fallot Babies who are also born with Down syndrome or DiGeorg

s of cyanosis
jor blood vessels:Ventricular septal defect (hole between the right and left ventricles) Narrowing of the pulmonary outflow trac

e chest. Calm the baby and seek medical attention immediately.

ho have continued, severe leakiness of the pulmonary valve may need to have the valve replaced.Regular follow-up with a card
) Cyanosis, which becomes more pronounced when the baby is upset Difficult feeding (poor feeding habits) Failure to gain weig
regnancy Rubella or other viral illnesses during pregnancyThere is a high incidence of chromosomal disorders in children with t

sm Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) Coronary thrombosis Coronary vasospasm Myocardial bridge Active ischemi
e Shortness of breath Syncope
ple who have these diseases make proteins called antibodies that attack and damage the body's tissues or cells.In pregnant wo

simply feel week.

but the most common cause is coronary ischemia. Progressive degeneration of the electrical conduction system of the heart ca
rows quickly The aneurysm tears open (called a rupture) Blood leaks along the wall of the aorta (aortic dissection)If the aneury
nclude:Connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome Inflammation of the aorta Syphilis Trauma such as falls or motor

nd or forearm Weakness of the muscles in the hand

e (clavicle) and upper ribs, they may not have enough space. Pressure (compression) on these blood vessels or nerves can cause

h problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell th

erent from a stroke. However, the symptoms of TIA are the same as the symptoms of a stroke and include the sudden develop
. Unlike a stroke, a TIA does not cause brain tissue to die. The symptoms of TIAs do not last as long the symptoms of a stroke. T

. The stroke may occur that same day or at a later time. Some people have only a single episode, and some have recurrent epis

sis (a bluish-purple color to the skin) and shortness of breath. In normal hearts, blood that returns from the body goes through

ems to be having difficulty breathing, if your baby's skin develops a bluish color, especially in the face or trunk. or if the baby se
f breath (dyspnea) Fast breathing (tachypnea) Poor growth
n through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle and on to the lungs. If the tricuspid valve does not open, the blood cannot flo
illicit drug use, etc).

disorder that causes failure of the right ventricle, such as rheumatic fever, lung diseases such as emphysema.Tricuspid prolapse
Echocardiogram may show swelling of the right side of the heart, Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), CT scan of the che
neck veins Decreased urine output Fatigue, tiredness General swelling Swelling of the abdomen Swelling of the feet and ankles
any disorder that causes failure of the right ventricle. Tricuspid regurgitation may also be caused by or made worse by valve dis

id regurgitation that cannot be corrected may have a poor prognosis.

edicine Shortness of breathIf you have stable angina, you may be developing unstable angina if the chest pain:Starts to feel diff
interrupts blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain.At first, angina may be considered stable. The chest pain only occurs with

Returns after the nitroglycerin helped at firstCall your doctor if:You are having angina symptoms more often. You are having an
arted How well your heart muscle is pumping Arrhythmias and heart attacks can cause sudden death.
may lead to heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), and blood clots.
n the body. This is called myxomatous degeneration. It happens most often in elderly patients and commonly affects the mitral
sophageal reflux (GERD) Slow breast or bottle feeding Vomiting
evelopment in the womb. Normally, the aorta develops from one of several curved pieces of tissue (arches). The body breaks d

dical care as soon as possible:Persisting wheezing Dyspnea

ss Nausea Rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath

ults. The most common cause of VF is a heart attack. However, VF can occur whenever the heart muscle does not get enough o
udden cardiac death (commotio cordis), typically occurring in athletes after an injury over the surface of the heart.Most people

ave long-term damage.

o gain weight Fast heart rate Sweating while feeding Frequent respiratory infections
D.Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart defects. The baby may have no symptoms, and the hol
rrying and expressing the trait. Genetic testing may be performed to assist you in estimating the likelihood that any future child
be|aOKMka18Xto}}

tions) Shortness of breathNote: Symptoms may start and stop suddenly. In some cases, there are no symptoms.
t failure Heart surgery Low magnesium levels Low potassium levels Myocarditis Valvular heart diseaseVentricular tachycardia c

n not be awakened Slurred speech Stroke or transient ischemic attack Vertigo (sensation of things spinning around)
r keeping a person alive. For instance, the brainstem controls breathing and swallowing, among other things. Parts of the brain

overy can be expected in younger patients who have no significant medical problems.Recovery also depends on the area of the
liver disease or repeated blood tests indicating possible liver problems. If you are pregnant, or think you may be pregnant, or p
reater at higher doses of Vytorin.The risk of muscle breakdown is greater in patients with kidney problems.Taking Vytorin with
ed. If you miss a dose, do not take an extra dose. Just resume your usual schedule. Continue to follow a cholesterol-lowering di
effects while taking Vytorin: headache and muscle pain (see What should I tell my doctor before and while taking Vytorin?).The
erol because it can build up in the wall of your arteries and form plaque. Over time, plaque build-up can cause a narrowing of th
tions) Shortness of breathNote: Symptoms may start and stop suddenly. In some cases, there are no symptoms.
t failure Heart surgery Myocarditis Valvular heart diseaseVentricular tachycardia can occur without heart disease.Scar tissue ma

ptoms, and the condition is detected when a heart tests are done for another reason.A person with WPW syndrome may have:C
me, there is an extra, or accessory, pathway that may cause a very rapid heart rate. This is called supraventricular tachycardia.
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome accounts for only a small percentage of all cases of this condition.

, and urinary frequency and urgency. Doxazosin (Cardura) is also used alone or in combination with other medications to treat
reakfast. To help you remember to take doxazosin, take it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your presc
missed two or more doses.
tatins). It works by slowing the production of cholesterol in the body.Buildup of cholesterol and other fats along the walls of th
any part you do not understand. Take pravastatin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than

prevent clots from forming. If you stop taking rivaroxaban, you may have increased risk of forming a clot in your blood.Do not
n of blood clots, which can travel to the brain, causing a stroke, or to other parts of the body. Treat blood clots in the veins of yo
eaflet for a complete list of ingredients in rivaroxaban.
ll your doctor right away if you become pregnant while Taking rivaroxaban. If you take rivaroxaban during pregnancy tell your d
eded. If you take rivaroxaban for:1. Atrial fibrillation: Take rivaroxaban 1 time a day with your evening meal. If you miss a dose

e valsartan, take it around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doc
have suffered a heart attack. Warfarin is also used to treat or prevent venous thrombosis (swelling and blood clot in a vein) and
part you do not understand. Take warfarin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescrib
ore medications that contain warfarin at the same time. Be sure to check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are uncertain if
food on a week-to-week basis. Do not eat large amounts of leafy, green vegetables or certain vegetable oils that contain large

ose listed in the IMPORTANT WARNING section, call your doctor immediately:hivesrashitchingdifficulty breathing or swallowing
eeded. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.
card.Tell all your healthcare providers that you take warfarin.Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacis
es.Less commonly, the lips, palms, soles of the feet, or other areas may be affected. These symptoms are more common in peo
hosis nigricans.People with lymphoma or cancers of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts can also develop severe cases o

oo much oil, the pores can become blocked. Dirt, debris, bacteria, and inflammatory cells build up. The blockage is called a plu

u develop scars as your acne clears upCall your baby's health care provider if your baby has acne that does not clear up on its ow
y teenagers, can become very depressed if acne is not treated.
e pimples that stay under the surface of the skin.Blackheads: These pimples rise to the skin's surface and look black. The black
our parents had acne, you might get it, too) Some types of medicine Greasy makeupThere are many myths about what causes
heir forties and fifties still get acne.
rubbing of the skin.Here are some ways to care for skin if you have acne:Clean skin gently: Use a mild cleanser in the morning,
u develop scars as your acne clears upCall your baby's health care provider if your baby has acne that does not clear up on its ow
y teenagers, can become very depressed if acne is not treated.
the back, chest, or belly area (this is one of the ways it is identified -- by the absence of the rash from the trunk of the body)Oth
osis) is the virus most often associated with acrodermatitis. Other associated viruses inclcude, cytomegalovirus, coxsackie virus
y develop a hard and wart-like or gritty, rough, and "sandpapery" surface -- may develop a horn-like textureThe skin lesion may

you work outdoors) Multiple, severe sunburns early in life Older age

hroat, actinomycosis most commonly appears in the face and neck. However, the infection can sometimes occur in the chest (p
roat, actinomycosis most commonly appears in the face and neck. However, the infection can sometimes occur in the chest (pu

hroat, actinomycosis most commonly appears in the face and neck. However, the infection can sometimes occur in the chest (p
roat, actinomycosis most commonly appears in the face and neck. However, the infection can sometimes occur in the chest (pu

aion is usually seen when patients are compared to other family members Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome; causes white or hypo

ou may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.Cause
ss and amount as they age. Baldness is not usually caused by a disease. It is related to aging, heredity, and changes in the horm
herwise abnormal You have acne, facial hair, or an abnormal menstrual cycle You are a woman and have male pattern baldnes
here a pattern to the hair loss, like a receding hairline or thinning or bald areas on the crown, or is the hair loss throughout your
angioma: Patients with internal organ angiomas may not feel any discomfort at the beginning. When the angioma grows larger
e cavernous angiomas in the US
abdominal pain.
oma rupture or not.
of the body affected, and may include:Blood in the urine Bone pain Chest pain Chills Decreased urine output Headaches Increa
s, infections caused by the fungus rarely occur in people who have a normal immune system. The rare infections caused by asp

hat happens to a person with invasive aspergillosis also depends on their disease and immune system function.
of skin (coffee-with-milk colored spots) Enlarged blood vessels in skin of nose, ears, and inside of the elbow and knee Enlarged
ts in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. Defects in this gene can lead to abnormal cell death in various places of the

iscolored, thick, and even crumble. Athlete's foot may occur at the same time as other fungal skin infections such as ringworm
m, moist areas. Your risk for getting athlete's foot increases if you:Wear closed shoes, especially if they are plastic-lined Keep yo
d develop athlete's foot.Also call your doctor if athlete's foot symptoms do not go away within 2- 4 weeks of self-care treatmen

e or less color than the normal skin tone Skin redness or inflammation around the blisters Thickened or leather-like areas (calle
in infants. It may start as early as age 2 to 6 months. Many people outgrow it by early adulthood.People with atopic dermatitis

blem is generally a long-term or returning condition. Atopic dermatitis may be harder to control if it:Begins at an early age Invo
for:Small, smooth, shiny, pale, or waxy lumpFirm, red lumpSore or lump that bleeds or develops a crust or a scabFlat red spot
e likely than others to develop skin cancer. The following are risk factors for skin cancer:Ultraviolet (UV) RadiationUV radiation c
other parts of the bodyThe stages of skin cancer range from Stage 0 (when the cancer involves only the top layer of skin) to Sta
 aving a treated skin cancer spread. Regular checkups help ensure that any changes in your health are noted and treated if need
ulcer is starting to develop. Stage II: The skin blisters or forms an open sore. The area around the sore may be red and irritated.
als with a condition that may inhibit blood flow to certain areas of the body (i.e. diabetes) Individuals with urinary or bowel inc
ulcer include:A foul odor from the ulcer Redness and tenderness around the ulcer Skin close to the ulcer is warm and swollenFe
the most common sign of Behçet's disease. Mouth sores turn quickly from lesion to ulcers and heal in 7~21 days. Skin lesions: S
and pain. Doctors think that an autoinflammatory reaction may cause the blood vessels to become inflamed, but they do not kn
Age: Behçet's disease can affect people in any age, but the most common age is 20~30 years old. Gender: Behçet's disease mos

y appear over the lower back or buttocks, but can also appear in other areas, including the trunk or arms.Other symptoms of bi

or of the mole.Mongolian spots may persist for months or years. They do NOT become cancer or develop other symptoms.
tains are most often located on the face. The size varies from very small to over half of the body surface. Salmon patches are sm
st of the skin.Hemangiomas are a common vascular birthmark. Their cause is unknown. The color results from the developmen

nety-five percent of strawberry hemangiomas disappear by the time the child is 9 years old. However, there may be some slight
Joint pain Muscle pain Night sweats Shortness of breath Sweating Unintentional weight lossSkin symptoms are most often seen
body. The infection may affect the skin, bones and joints, and other areas.Blastomycosis is rare. It is found in the central and so

omeone else opens the boil.The boil:Is usually pea-sized, but may be as large as a golf ball May develop white or yellow center
e follicle and the tissue underneath.Boils may occur in the hair follicles anywhere on the body. They are most common on the f
ng a condition called carbunculosis.

nausea, and vomiting. They also had low blood counts for cells that fight infection and help prevent bleeding.

mphigoid also develop blisters in the mouth. The blisters may break open and form ulcers or open sores.Other symptoms may in

r charred skinSymptoms of an airways burn:Charred mouth; burned lips Burns on the head, face, or neck Wheezing Change in v
m, or flames come in contact with your skin. These are frequently the result of fires, automobile accidents, playing with matche
s the known or suspected cause of the burn. There are other symptoms associated with the burnsCall a doctor if your pain is sti
and the many other germs or microorganisms that normally live in the vagina keep each other in balance. However, when the v

ms don't go away after using self-treatment vaginal creams You develop other symptoms

p, ooze, or crust Spread to other skin areasSometimes, other symptoms may occur. These may include:Fatigue Fever General d
d dead tissue. Fluid may drain out of the carbuncle, but sometimes the mass is so deep that it cannot drain on its own.Carbunc
Poor overall healthPersons with diabetes, dermatitis, and weakened immune systems are more likely to develop staph infecti
uncle, or pain that gets worse

rance of the skin Warm skin in the the area of redness Signs of infection: Chills or shaking Fatigue General ill feeling Muscle ach
hot, irritated, and painful.
ng diabetes and vascular disease Use of corticosteroid medications or medications that suppress the immune system Wound fr
on immediately if the cellulitis is on your face.
may have cellulitis that keeps coming back. The cracks in the skin from the fungal infection allows the bacteria entry to the skin.
r meets the legs. This is often a clue that the rash is due to chigger bites.

s rewarming. Cold urticaria is more likely to occur when conditions are damp and windy. Cold urticaria symptoms vary in intens
erited trait or an illness (for example, a virus). Since exposure to cold begins the immune response that releases histamine and
quired urticaria. It usually improves without treatment within two to three years, and is the most common type of urticaria.Re
e out any underlying conditions that may be causing the problem.
this type, the herpes virus can affect many different parts of the body.Herpes infection in the brain is called herpes encephaliti
ng other contact with someone who has herpes mouth soresIf the mother has an active genital herpes infection at the time of d

ning disabilities, and may need to be treated.

sions of any type: redness, rash, papules (pimple-like), vesicles, and bullae (blisters) May involve oozing, draining, or crusting M
ition.Irritant dermatitis, the most common type of contact dermatitis, involves inflammation resulting from contact with acids,
metals in earring posts and the metal backs of watches) can eventually cause cause sensitivity and reaction to the product.Som

used by occupational exposure.

a substance.The hands are a common site for contact dermatitis. Hair products, cosmetics, and perfumes often lead to skin rea
sLong-term exposure to wet diapersPesticides or weed killersRubber glovesShampoosAllergic contact dermatitis is caused by e

nal exposure.

ective reaction. For example, farmers and rowers get callused hands that prevent them from getting painful blisters. People wi
ve most problems with corns and calluses.If you suspect that your corn or callus is infected or is not getting better despite treat

est.Seborrheic dermatitis in infants, also called cradle cap, is a harmless, temporary condition. It appears as thick, crusty, yellow

luding Parkinson's disease, head injury, and stroke may be associated with seborrheic dermatitis. Human immunodeficiency vir

ual, excessive at night) Swollen glands Unintentional weight lossNote: People with a normal immune system may have no symp
the body (disseminate). Most cases are in people with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV infection, taking hig

ored, occasionally darker

re usually painless and do not grow or change. However, they may be irritated from rubbing by clothing or other materials. The

mal heart rhythms or heart failure (rare) Spine: weakness or changes in walking due to damage to nerves in the spinal cord
actors include eating pork, fruits, and vegetables contaminated with T. solium as a result of unhealthy cooking or food preparati

puckers as the lesion is compressed on the sides. They generally do not change in size.
 ver the face, knuckles, neck, shoulders, upper chest, and back. Shortness of breath Fatigue and weight loss Fever Gastrointesti

acute renal failure, cancer, inflammation of the heart, joint pain or lung disease.
gworm affects your hair, you will have bald patches.If ringworm affects your nails, they will become discolored, thick, and even
Ringworm occurs when a type of fungus called tinea grows and multiplies on your skin.Ringworm can affect the skin on your:B
ave ringworm on your scalp or beard Your skin does not improve after 4 weeks of self-care The rash spreads and you have diab

membranes at other sites (eye, ear, vulva). Nasal diphtheria can be asymptomatic or mild, with a blood-tinged discharge. Respir
arge from skin lesions may transmit infection in these environments.

d? If not, what are the specific locations involved? What seems to make the dryness worse? Does anything make it feel better?
ne half of the mole does not match the other half. B order irregularity: The edges of the mole looks ragged, blurred, or notched
a benign skin tumor, the mole increases the chance of getting dysplastic nevi, especially for people with many moles. Genetic f

weat and control temperature properly.Affected adults are unable to tolerate a warm environment and need special measures

us. This is usually associated with allergy.

ow creases, lateral portion of the neck, and back of the knees.
Fine pinhead-sized areas of bleeding in the skin (petechial rash) Flat red rash (maculopapular rash) General ill feeling (malaise)A
or mite bite.Scientists first described ehrlichiosis in 1990, and have identified two types in the United States:Human monocytic

nor injury or temperature change Blistering that is present at birth Dental problems such as tooth decay Hoarse cry, cough, or o
ullosa acquisita, is an autoimmune disorder. It may be difficult to tell this condition apart from another autoimmune skin disord

ities Feeding and swallowing difficulties if the mouth and esophagus are involved Fused fingers and toes Restricted mobility fro
om illness or medication Having open cuts or skin abrasions, as well as ulcers

or "bulls-eye" May have vesicles and blisters of various sizes (bullae) Located on the upper body, legs, arms, palms, hands, or f
unknown. The disorder is believed to involve damage to the blood vessels of the skin, followed by damage to skin tissues.Some

become purplish, then over several weeks fade to a brownish, flat patch.Other symptoms may include:Fever General ill feeling
Hepatitis B Histoplasmosis Leptospirosis Mononucleosis (EBV) Mycobacteria Mycoplasma Psittacosis Syphilis Tuberculosis Tular

n change rapidly, appearing and disappearing in different areas over hours to days.

oms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

ealthWhether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred

ging skin rash or lesion) or the rash spreads to other areas When pressed the area turns white (blanches to touch)Skin folds, su

s and knees.

he hair follicles in the beard area of the face, usually the upper lip. Shaving makes it worse. Tinea barbae is similar to barber's it

When skin has thawed out, it becomes red and painful (early frostbite). With more severe frostbite, the skin may appear white

e (a disorder of the arteries). Other things that may increase the risk of frostbite include: smoking, windy weather (which incre
oloration, or drainage from the affected body part
ul-smelling discharge Loss of feeling in the area (which may happen after severe pain in the area)If the affected area is inside th

persistent, unexplained fever

is first outbreak usually happens within 2 weeks of being infected.Generalized or whole-body (systemic) symptoms may include
 erpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) most often causes herpes infections of the mouth and lips (commonly called cold sores or fe

erpes occur with the following conditions:Fatigue General illness (from mild illnesses to serious conditions, such as operations,
e warts inside or around the vagina or anus, on the skin around these areas, or on the cervix. Males most often have warts on
us. Other types of HPV cause common or flat warts on other parts of the skin, such as the hands. However, warts on the hands

ected person. You think a young child might have genital warts Women should begin having Pap smears at age 21.
sometimes future sexual partners. Even after you have been treated for genital warts, you may still infect others. Certain types
of the back or the abdomen. They may also be found on the:Arms Legs Mouth Mucus membranes Palms or soles
fibromatosis Other nevi Spina bifidaSmaller congenital pigmented or melanocytic nevi are common in children and lead to few

multiple lesions are more commonly seen around 15 years earlier than the single lesions.

ou may not notice this for weeks to months after the episode of stress. The hair shedding will decrease over 6 - 8 months.Cause
ss and amount as they age. Baldness is not usually caused by a disease. It is related to aging, heredity, and changes in the horm
herwise abnormal You have acne, facial hair, or an abnormal menstrual cycle You are a woman and have male pattern baldnes
here a pattern to the hair loss, like a receding hairline or thinning or bald areas on the crown, or is the hair loss throughout your

h nose and throat discharges, saliva, fluid from blisters, or the stools of an infected person. You are most contagious the first w

es Weight loss Irritability Lethargy Decreased or dark urine

onlein purpura had an upper respiratory illness in the weeks before.

mes dark and their eyes and their skin may turn yellow (jaundice) or they may experience a minor ‘flu-like’ illness. Other sympt
Tattooing and body piercing using equipment that has not been properly cleaned and sterilised Sharing toothbrushes, razor bla
include:Current injection drug users (currently the most common way hepatitis C virus is spread in the United States) Past injec
ved a blood transfusion or organ transplant before July 1992 You are on long-term hemodialysis treatment You have abnormal
the United States. Approximately 8,000–10,000 people die every year from hepatitis C related liver disease.Of every 100 peop

virus. HDV may make a recent (acute) hepatitis B infection or an existing long-term (chronic) hepatitis B liver disease worse. It c
rcourse with other men Receiving many blood transfusions People exposed to unscreened blood or blood products Haemophili

, they less frequently become symptomatic.Typical signs and symptoms of hepatitis include:Fever Jaundice (yellow discolourati
urs more frequently during pregnancy. Pregnant women are at greater risk of obstetrical complications and mortality from hepa
face, ears, fingertips, nails, whites of the eyes, and skin (they may bleed easily)
ody. If they are on the skin, they are called telangiectasias. The AVMs can also develop in other areas of the body, such as the b

ulcers that begin to dry and form crusts. The crusts fall off in 2 to 3 weeks. Scarring is rare. The rash usually involves a narrow a
ly one attack occurs.
hingles rash on someone and has not had chickenpox as a child or a chickenpox vaccine, they can develop chickenpox, rather th
rred may last from months to years.
rred may last from months to years. See: Postherpetic neuralgia

eproducing parts of the fungus, called spores. Those who have a healthy immune system usually do not have symptoms, or on
ure, if a person's immune system is weakened by:Cancer Chemotherapy Immune-suppressing drugs HIV infectionRisk factors fo
ated histoplasmosis.
mmune system. Often, those who have had chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis must follow up with their doctor, who will check
ear within minutes or hours. A true hive comes and goes. When you press the center of one, it turns white. This is called blanch
hay fever.When swelling or welts occur around the face, especially the lips and eyes, it is called angioedema. Swelling from an

ms. Some types of HPV may cause problems such as genital warts, while others can cause cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, or
oping any symptoms and therefore not knowing that they have higher risk of developing disease. The virus may remain in the in
al warts. Women may find out they have HPV when they get an abnormal Pap test result (during cervical cancer screening). Oth
HPV infection resolves in most, but not all cases. Unfortunately, there is no way to know which people will develop cancer or o

s without such triggers. Those with hyperhidrosis appear to have overactive sweat glands. The uncontrollable sweating can lead

pain, shortness of breath, or a rapid, pounding heartbeat - these symptoms may be a sign of an underlying disease, such as hyp
teroid-based cream.Botox: Swelling goes away in a few weeks. The effect of a single injection can last up to a few months. Som
es over the palm of the hand.
in order for you to inherit the disease.The condition is often more noticeable in the winter. It may occur along with atopic derm

at carry the antibodies.In children, the disease sometimes follows a viral infection. In adults, it is more often a chronic (long-ter

on scratches, it may spread to other areas Skin lesions on the face, lips, arms, or legs, that spread to other areas Swollen lymph
teria from entering and growing in the body. When there is a break in the skin, bacteria can enter the body and grow there, cau
fection. Breaks in the skin may occur with:Animal bites Human bites Injury or trauma to the skin Insect bites

adults, there may be areas of lighter colored skin (hypopigmentation).IP is associated with central nervous system problems, in
bstance called melanin builds up under the skin. Melanin gives skin its color.

and pubic lice Pityriasis rosea Psoriasis Rashes (may or may not itch) Seborrheic dermatitis Sunburn Superficial skin infections s
parent to find the cause of a child's itching. Looking closely at the skin will help you identify any bites, stings, rashes, dry skin, o
 person to the next by direct skin-to-skin contact or contact with unwashed clothing.

e anus, causing anal itching and discomfort.Other causes of itching in the groin include:Lichen simplex chronicus Eczema Pubic l
e, the color of the lesions may be change into blue, purple, or brown.Lesions in mouth and throat: The disease may cause sore,
e skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs.In people with AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by an interaction between
immune system increases the chance to developing Kaposi's sarcoma, especially when people with AIDS.Race: Epidemiological

the keloid to tan darker than the skin around it. This dark color may be permanent. Removing the keloid may not be permanen

Bumps may also appear on the buttocks and thighs. Less commonly, bumps appear on the face and may be mistaken for acne.

e, may cause the bones to fracture without apparent reason.Symptoms in children may include:Abdominal pain Bone pain (po
mmune cells may form tumors, which can affect various parts of the body including the bones, skull, and other areas.Some form

tosis and severity of the disease. Some children can live a normal life with minimal disease involvement, while others may have
nose Stuffy nose, runny nose, and nosebleeds Breathing difficulty Swallowing difficultySystemic visceral infection in children us

elop on mucus membranes. Systemic, or visceral leishmaniasis affects the entire body. This form occurs 2 - 8 months after a pe

om the disease itself. Death often occurs within 2 years.

gs).When loss of sensation occurs, injuries (such as burns or fractures) may go unnoticed. You should always try to avoid injurie
ildren are more susceptible than adults to contracting the disease.Leprosy has two common forms, tuberculoid and lepromato
blic of Congo Federated States of Micronesia India Kiribati Madagascar Mozambique Nepal Republic of Marshall Islands United
in the United States need to be reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

dual increase in size of the affected area Lesions sometimes form painful ulcersSkin lesions:Usually located on the inner wrist,

dication, the rash should go away once the medicine is stopped.

kin itches, causing more scratching, which causes more thickening. The skin may become leathery and brownish in the affected

e, such as the:Backs of the hands Face Forearms Forehead Shoulders

es.Lymph nodes may feel rubbery if an abscess has formed.

nlargement of the cervical lymph nodes. Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease, gives a generalized lymphadenopathy Hodgkin lymp
 arly as 4 - 6 months in girls.Early sexual development may also occur in boys, but it is not as common as it is in girls.Other symp

ns. These complications are more common among children under 5 years of age and adults over 20 years old. Measles causes e
at line the back of the throat and in the cells that line the lungs.
of their susceptible close contacts will also become infected with the measles virus. The virus resides in the mucus in the nose
may have a compromised immune system due to medication or illness.
about one out of 1000 will die.
of the mole does not match the other half.B order irregularity: The edges of the mole look ragged, blurred, or notched.C olor: T
enign skin tumor, the mole increases the chance of developing melanoma, especially for people with multiple moles.Genetic fa

ng or ulceration at the site of the melanomaThe patient’s general health

pills (oral contraceptives) and women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause.Sun exposure is also a str

purpura) Shock
s -- for example, you may become infected if you are around someone with the condition when they sneeze or cough. Family m
ith the condition are at increased risk. The infection occurs more frequently in winter and early spring.

m of the disease. It usually causes chronic diarrhea which might be complicated with weight loss, and vitamin deficiency. Micros
sporidia is not fully understood, but it is thought to be transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of the spores (which are the

rge tumor, and previously been treated by other modalities. Some authors claim that their 5 year cure rate for primary basal ce
other irritation causes the virus to spread in a line or in groups, called crops. The papules are about 2 - 5 millimeters wide. The
ently seen on the face, neck, armpit, arms, and hands but may occur anywhere on the body except the palms and soles. Early le
h a weakened immune system (due to conditions such as AIDS) may have a rapidly worse case of molluscum contagiosum.

. Complete disappearance of all lesions generally occurs within about 6 - 18 months. The disorder may persist in immunosuppre
oughing blood (occasionally) Fever Shortness of breathSymptoms of gastrointestinal mucormycosis include:Abdominal pain Vo
iated with mucormycosis include:Rhinocerebral infection (infection of sinuses and brain) May start as a sinus infection May pro

at can occur in males:Testiclar lump Testicle pain Scrotal swelling

en ages 2 - 12 who have not been vaccinated against the disease. However, the infection can occur at any age.The time betwee

ch as 911) if convulsions occur.

 le.Infection:Fungus or yeast cause changes in the color, texture, and shape of the nails. Bacterial infection may cause a change

depending on the nerves affected.The condition can be very different from person to person, even among people in the same
is caused by abnormalities in a gene for a protein called neurofibromin.

a known cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a small number of patients. Learning disabilities are a common pro
f the nipple skinNipple flattened against the breastA lump or mass in the breastOther health problems may also cause these sy

irritation or dimpling, nipple pain or retraction, redness or scaliness of the nipple or breast skinA discharge other than breast m
ether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurredTemplate:WH Template:WS
mphigoid also develop blisters in the mouth. The blisters may break open and form ulcers or open sores.Other symptoms may in

d:In the mouth On the scalp, trunk, or other skin areas

nknown.Sometimes pemphigus is caused by certain medications, although this is rare. Medications that may cause this conditio

blisters or ulcers

milar rash may appear around the eyes, nose, or forehead. The rash appears very similar to acne.Usually, patients are most con

ashes:Are often pink or pale red Are oval in shape May be scaly May follow lines in the skin or appear in a "Christmas tree" patt

ly raised -- painful to pressure Small, hard, flat or raised skin lesion or lump
gnizing it. Unusual warts with smooth surfaces or flat warts in children may be more difficult for parents to recognize. Common
d to self-care and you want it removed. You have pain associated with the wart. You have anal or genital warts. You have diabe

en during days 4 to 7. The rash may last for 1 to 3 weeks.

m the blisters. Therefore, once a person has washed the oil completely off the skin, the rash is usually not contagious.Keep in m
is severe and cannot be controlled. The rash affects your face, lips, eyes, or genitals. The rash shows signs of infection, such as
which leads to unintentional weight loss Depression FeverThere are no specific joint symptoms.Some people with PMR also hav

back, and back of the head.Pressure sores are categorized by how severe they are, from Stage I (earliest signs) to Stage IV (wo
ed, even for a short period of time (for example, after surgery or an injury).
ng a chronic condition, such as diabetes or vascular disease, that prevents areas of the body from receiving proper blood flow H
ulcer include:A foul odor from the ulcer Redness and tenderness around the ulcer Skin close to the ulcer is warm and swollenFe

, such as scabies, chickenpox. Autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren's syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Endocrine diseases, su
ar anywhere on the body. For example, there may be flaky patches on the scalp.The skin patches or dots may be: Itchy Dry and
to the surface about once a month. In persons with psoriasis, this process is too fast (about 2 weeks instead of 4 weeks) and d

eumatologist.Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have a severe outbreak that c

od vessels (vasculitis), such as Henoch-Schonlein purpuraThrombocytopenic purpura may be due to:Drugs that prevent platele

oison ivy, oak, or sumacSeborrheic dermatitis is a rash that appears in patches of redness and scaling around the eyebrows, eye
er areas as these may indicate an infection You are taking a new medication -- DO NOT change or stop any of your medications
arts of your body are affected? Does anything make the rash better? Worse? Have you used any new soaps, detergents, lotions
th primary Raynaud's phenomenon (no other cause or condition) have problems in the same fingers on both sides, but they do
which is associated with smoking Drugs that cause narrowing of arteries, such as amphetamines, certain types of beta-blocker

es turn black or the skin breaks You have a sore on the skin of your feet or hands You have a fever, swollen or painful joints, or s

gworm affects your hair, you will have bald patches.If ringworm affects your nails, they will become discolored, thick, and even
Ringworm occurs when a type of fungus called tinea grows and multiplies on your skin.Ringwork can affect the skin on your:Be
aces. You can also catch ringworm from pets that carry the fungus. Cats are common carriers.The fungus that causes ringworm
ave ringworm on your scalp or beard Your skin does not improve after 4 weeks of self-care The rash spreads and you have diab

ing sensation of the face Irritated, bloodshot, watery eyes

es of 30 and 50

etween the second and fourth day of the illness, the fever drops and a rash appears (often as the fever falls).The rash starts on

number (such as 911) if your child has convulsions.

d can last 3 to 7 days.About 2 to 4 days after becoming sick, the child's fever lowers and a rash appears. This rash most often:St
he eyes (bloodshot eyes) Muscle or joint pain
an infection, people have immunity to the disease for the rest of their lives.In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and m

or after a case of rubella You or your child need to receive MMR immunization (vaccine)
f the infection occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy.
over the palms and soles.In young children, the head, neck, shoulders, palms, and soles are involved. In older children and adu
omes, nursing facilities, and child care centers.The mites that cause scabies burrow into the skin and deposit their eggs, forming
who has scabies, unless the person has what is called "crusted scabies"

andpaper. Most of the time it is redder in the creases of the elbows, arm pits, and groin areas. The rash lasts about 2-7 days. Aft
se, or eyes after touching something that has these fluids on them, you may become ill. Also, if you drink from the same glass o

ns. Systemic scleroderma, or sclerosis, may affect large areas of skin and organs such as the heart, lungs, or kidneys. There are
with other autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and polymyositis. In such cases, the disorder is referr

stemic) scleroderma can damage the heart, kidney, lungs, or GI tract, which may cause death. Lung problems are the most com
al may drain from the cyst.
growing, painless, freely movable lumps beneath the skin. Occasionally, however, a cyst will become inflamed and tender.

est.Seborrheic dermatitis in infants, also called cradle cap, is a harmless, temporary condition. It appears as thick, crusty, yellow

luding Parkinson's disease, head injury, and stroke may be associated with seborrheic dermatitis. Human immunodeficiency vir

ulcers that begin to dry and form crusts. The crusts fall off in 2 to 3 weeks. Scarring is rare. The rash usually involves a narrow ar
y one attack occurs.
hingles rash on someone and has not had chickenpox as a child or a chickenpox vaccine, they can develop chickenpox, rather th

rred may last from months to years. See: Postherpetic neuralgia

eas are commonly injured when handling plants. In children, lesions may be more likely to manifest on the face.The fungus may
plants, such as farmers, horticulturists, rose gardeners, and plant nursery workers. Widespread (disseminated) sporotrichosis ca
ave occurred among florists, plant nursery workers who have handled sphagnum moss, rose gardeners, children who have pla

that are similar in appearance to squamous cell carcinoma. A dermatologist will need to assess the lesion to confirm the exact
how that caucasian persons and persons with fair skin are at higher risk for skin cancer than darker skinned persons.Genetic fa

t places in the body.The location and the size of the tumor.The patient’s general health.
skin.If you scratch the area, the skin may become irritated or crack. It may also become red or swollen, crusted, or weepy.Over

he trunk and extremities and later increase in size and combine. Blisters, erosions, and vesicles are also seenUlcers and other le
henobarbital, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine), antibiotics (for example Penicillin), and NSAIDs. Infections that are associated with
nol. Other risk factors may include past or family history of SJS/TEN, Rradiation therapy and rapid use of medications.

ce area involved. The mortality rate is 1-5 percent in SJS and in TEN is 25-35 percent
uberty in males and females. Striae are most commonly located on the breasts, hips, thighs, buttocks, abdomen, and flank.Stre

n cream? What other symptoms do you have?If the striae are not caused by normal physical changes, tests may be done.

he naked eye. Young roundworms can move through a person's skin and into the bloodstream to the lungs and airways. They t

also will need to see a neurologist to treat seizures and other neurologic symptoms.
metimes called "sun poisoning"), including fever, chills, nausea, or rash. Skin peeling on sunburned areas several days after the
y sun exposure, while a dark-skinned person may tolerate the same exposure for hours.Keep in mind:There is no such thing as a
ongest during the hours of 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. The sun's rays are also stronger at higher altitudes and lower latitudes (close
 output, or sunken eyes Pale, clammy, or cool skin Nausea, fever, chills, or rash Your eyes hurt and are sensitive to light Severe,
body was sunburned? What medicines do you take? Do you use a sunblock or sunscreen? What type? How strong? What othe

s without such triggers. Those with hyperhidrosis appear to have overactive sweat glands. The uncontrollable sweating can lead

pain, shortness of breath, or a rapid, pounding heartbeat - these symptoms may be a sign of an underlying disease, such as hyp
teroid-based cream.Botox: Swelling goes away in a few weeks. The effect of a single injection can last up to a few months. Som
appetite Facial butterfly rash Sensitivity to sunlight Chest pain Swollen lymph nodes Abnormal blood clottingOther symptoms d
is much more common in women than men. It may occur at any age, but appears most often in people between the ages of 10
mericans and Asians are affected more often than people from other races. Drugs, such as chlorpromazine, hydralazine, isoniaz

women with systemic lupus erythematosus.Whether the patient is involved of vital organs damage, such as the damages in brai
Shortness of breath Speech changes Weakness Yellowish color to the skin (jaundice)
ailable in the blood in other parts of the body to help with clotting.This can lead to bleeding under the skin and purple-colored

-term (chronic).
a ring. Your skin may also appear unusually dark or light. When your scalp or beard is infected, you will have bald patches. If na
nd your body. Others can multiply rapidly and form infections.
as combs, unwashed clothing, and shower or pool surfaces. You can also catch ringworm from pets that carry the fungus. Cats
ctor if:Ringworm infects your scalp or beard. Your skin does not improve after 4 weeks of self-care.

alled kerions.You may have a low-grade fever of around 100 - 101 °F or swollen lymph nodes in the neck.There is usually itchi
arm, moist areas. A tinea infection is more likely if you have:Minor skin or scalp injuries Poor hygiene Wet skin for a long time (
worm on someone else's body, or if you touch items such as combs, hats, or clothing that have been used by someone with ring

ace, or other exposed body areas.

ness of the skin (such as from sweating) Minor skin and nail injuries Poor hygiene
he fungi can also be spread by pets (cats are common carriers).

sun (skin may appear lighter than surrounding healthy skin)In African Americans, there may be loss of skin color (hypopigment

en in children:An uneven appearance to the hair Bare patches or all around (diffuse) loss of hair Bowel blockage (obstruction) i

feelings of depression, anxiety, or poor self image.

ects both sides of the body equally. Vitiligo is more noticeable in darker-skinned people because of the contrast of white patch
ases:Addison's disease Hyperthyroidism Pernicious anemia

t worse over time.

en, less common in teens, and rare in adults. Genital warts (condyloma) are usually found on the genitals, in the pubic area, and
gnizing it. Unusual warts with smooth surfaces or flat warts in children may be more difficult for parents to recognize. Common
r organ transplant recipients)
d to self-care and you want it removed. You have pain associated with the wart. You have anal or genital warts. You have diabe

to the bacteria, and may include:Sudden onset of fever Malaise Headache Chills Weakness Muscle pain Seizures One or more s
 n infected flea. During plague epizootics, many rodents die, causing hungry fleas to seek other sources of blood. People and an
other areas where you may encounter rodents.People can get the plague when they are bitten by a flea that carries the plague
n U.S. or any other plague endemic area and has symptoms suggestive of plaguePeople in close contact with very sick pneumo

er. Symptoms of Zika virus infection include:Fever Rash Loss of appetite Joint aches and/or muscle aches Vomiting Diarrhea or
m the Aedes mosquito. However, Zika virus may also be transmitted from humans to other humans by exchanging body fluids, w
ed number of people who have been infected with Zika virus who also have GBS. CDC is working with Brazil to study the possib
ka:Read the CDC infographic on pregnancy and birth defects objectives here
But some of their external appearance may change. Boys won't have any obvious problems at birth. However, they may have

of having an affected child, and to decide on whether to have children.

, hirsuitism, deepening of the voice, descending of the testes, enlarged clitoris or microphallus, and the urethra attaching to th
on of external genitalia before birth.
e increased. Mutation analysis of the 5-alpha-reductase type 2 gene: It is primarily a research tool and not commercially availab

bination of two of these surface molecules. Type O lacks any molecule. The different blood types are:Type A (AA or AO molecu

ocal swelling, hardening of tissue Loss of appetite Loss of sensation in the affected area Nausea and vomiting Swelling
s, pus forms. Pus is the buildup of fluid, living and dead white blood cells, dead tissue, and bacteria or other foreign substances

phagus. Causes include:Cancers Damage to the nerves of the esophagus Infection with a parasite Inherited factorsAs a result, t

ency Cracked nailsOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of
oimmune conditions such as diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease may be associated with achlorhydria.

hlorhydria, has been considered to be a potential precursor to gastric carcinoma.

r shape of the left and right sides of your face or neck Numbness in part of your face New weakness of the muscles on one side
ain radioactive substances may also increase the risk of salivary gland cancer. Family history: Some epidemiological data sugges

ding structures. As the tumor becomes larger in size, its pressure on nerves (facial, trigeminal and vestibular), nearby blood ves
nown reasons this gene become corrupted and its function as a Schwann cell growth regulator disturbed so they can grow unc
, but not regular occupational exposure; and a lower risk among ever and current cigarette smoker than never smokers withou

life-treating. Even after adequate treatment by surgery or radiation some complications such as hearing loss and balance prob
ticing a change in ring or shoe size, particularly shoe width. Gradually, bone changes alter the patient’s facial features: The brow
o act simply and directly. They usually “cascade” or flow in a series, affecting each other’s production or release into the blood
ect injury to the nerve, stretching injuries (including birth trauma), pressure from tumors in the area, or damage that results fro

mild activity; wheezing. Additionally, bronchitis caused by Adenoviridae may cause systemic and gastrointestinal symptoms as
d then spreads to the lungs. Sometimes, you may get another (secondary) bacterial infection in the airways. This means that ba

a bad smell You feel short of breath or have chest pain You have an underlying chronic illness, like heart or lung disease
he sufferer at night. After a few days it progresses to a wetter or productive cough, which may be accompanied by fever, fatigue
se during a routine blood test.People with acute leukemia usually go to their doctor because they feel sick. If the brain is affect

a slower onset and can often be put off for years. However, chronic leukemia is very rarely cured.
er eating or drinking (occurs within minutes following meals), especially foods with a high fat content. May be worse after drink
res Surgery to the pancreas Traumatic injury Viral infection (mumps, coxsackie B, mycoplasma pneumonia, and campylobacter)

affected eye is closed Experiencing flu -like symptoms in conjunction with the above

e retinal necrosis.Individuals over the age of 50 are most at risk for Acute retinal necrosis from HSV-1, while individuals under th

of the retina of the eye. With treatment, there is a much greater chance of preserving eyesight and preventing life-threatening
SneezingAdults and older children with colds generally have a low grade fever or no fever. However, young children often run a
and parents miss work. Parents often get colds from their children. Children typically get up to eight colds every year. They usua

r to rule out conditions include: sinus infection, allergies, or other medical problems.

ting DiarrheaOther symptoms may be included:Low blood pressure that falls further when standing, causing dizziness or faintin
enal insufficiency).Addison's disease affects about 1 in 100,000 people. Most cases are caused by the gradual destruction of the

you need in an emergency.As long as the proper dose of replacement medication is taken every day, an Addisonian can have a

onial pain, dyspepsia ， nausea, lump in the upper abdomen and abdominal distension.
out famliy history.

hingSymptoms of adjustment disorder typically begin within 3 months of the stressor, and usually do not last longer than 6 mo
es Unexpected catastrophesThere is no way to predict which people who are affected by the same stress are likely to develop a

stature) Virilization - the appearance of male characteristics, including increased body hair (especially on the face), pubic hair,
umor.Adrenocortical carcinoma can produce the hormones cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, or testosterone, as well as other ho

ken material Hearing loss Hyperactivity Worsening nervous system deterioration Coma Decreased fine motor control Paralysis S
 om all races.The condition results in the buildup of very-long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system, adrenal gland, and testes,

s.The other forms of this disease are milder.

und for prolonged periods of time Dependence on others Fear of being alone Fear of being in places where escape might be diffi

e, cimetidine, methimazole, and propylthiouracil Preparation for bone marrow transplantAgranulocytosis results in a person no
y susceptible to these opportunistic infections. Some people with HIV infection remain without symptoms for years between th
ns and can enter your body through tiny cuts or sores in your skin, or in the lining of your vagina, penis, rectum, or mouth. By sh
g the disease People who received blood transfusion or clotting products between 1977 to 1985 as screening for HIV was not s
and cancers that most healthy adults would not get and so they must be very aware of any new diseases which their bodies ac
he amount of time people with HIV remain alive.Research continues in the areas of drug treatments and vaccine development.

d spinal cord and cause symptoms.Research has shown that the HIV infection can significantly alter the size of certain brain str

age Lack of appetite Confusion Lethargy

nks in women in 2 hours. Consumption of > 3 drinks (approximately 40 g) per day in women and 4 drinks (approximately 60 g)

mouth Excessive thirst Fatigue Fever Fluid collection in the abdomen (ascites) Jaundice Loss of appetite Mental confusion Naus
y be life-threatening if severe.People who drink excessively can become malnourished because of the empty calories from alco

:Arthritis (especially of the spine) that gets worse over time Darkening of the ear Dark spots on the white of the eye (sclera) an
The acid leaves the body through the urine. The urine turns brownish-black when it mixes with air.Alkaptonuria is inherited, wh

out 50% of older adults with alkaptonuria.Homogentisic acid also can build up on the heart valves, especially the mitral valve. T

y from person to person and from area to area. Tiny, hard-to-see pollens that may cause hay fever include:Grasses Ragweed Tr

s most common among Europeans and North Americans of European descent.Studies show that AAT deficiency may be more c

nerally associated with more severe altitude sickness include:Bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis) Chest tightness or cong
st cases the symptoms are mild. In severe cases fluid collects in the lungs (pulmonary edema) causing extreme shortness of bre
sea level are more prone to altitude sickness.
elops, or if you notice a lower level of consciousness, coughing up of blood, or other severe symptoms. If unable to contact eme
ment may be delayed. These conditions could adversely affect the outcome.
mal. However, people with more severe amblyopia may experience associated visual disorders, most notably poor depth percep
and the brain are not working together properly. The eye itself looks normal, but it is not being used normally because the brai
n also occur physiologically after tobacco or alcohol consumption.
ion loss occurs.
a or strabismus, so early examinations are essential. Delaying treatment can result in permanent vision problems. After age 10,
 ling (malaise) Hiccups that do not stop (rare) Jaundice Loss of appetite Sweating Weight loss

ng out of a chair, or swallowing.Breathing or swallowing muscles may be the first muscles affected. As the disease gets worse, m
an inability to move the arms, legs, and body.The condition slowly gets worse. When the muscles in the chest area stop workin

ulty breathing, and episodes of apnea are symptoms that require immediate attention.

son with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.Blee
s: presence of abnormal openings along the anal canal Weakened Immune System ：Infection with HIV (the virus that causes A
son with anal cancer appears these symptoms is mostly because of intestinal obstruction caused by lumps. This is the results of
after initial treatment or has recurred
e area is stretched slightly (the fissure is almost always in the middle) Constipation
ong school-aged children than infants.In adults, fissures may be caused by constipation, the passing of large, hard stools, or by

eAt birth, because of external sex characteristics of females, this type of people are usually raised as females and have a femal
s determination and production of age-appropriate androgen concentrations.AIS may be classified into mild (MAIS), partial (PAI
ls less sensitive response to androgens or prevents cells from using these hormones at all. At last, it makes the body unable to

e other symptoms, such as:Constipation Problems thinking Tingling

dy then remove old blood cells. A hormone called erythropoietin made in your kidneys signals your bone marrow to make mor

bility to feel painAlthough some individuals with anencephaly may be born with a rudimentary brain stem, the lack of a functio
ith no history of the disorder in their family. A small percentage of cases have been reported to run in families; however, the co
tion if you believe you are experiencing a miscarriage.
000 pregnancies. However, most of these pregnancies end in miscarriage, so the prevalence of this condition in newborns is m
fter periods of inactivity. As disease progresses, your symptoms get worse and you may feel pain and stiffness over time. Joint p
ylitis Male gender
e ARTS1 and IL23R are associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Gender: Male Age: 10~40 years old.

ans outside joints are affected. Whether the patient is treated in time. Whether the patient is got physical therapy.

n newborns with this condition. However, half of cases are not diagnosed until symptoms occur in adulthood. There are probab

eal, and fight often Not show guilt or remorse Often be angry or arrogant
ffected. The condition is common in people who are in prison.Fire-setting and cruelty to animals during childhood are linked to

as well. People with Wernicke’s aphasia may speak in long sentences that have no meaning, add unnecessary words, and even c
tion excessive creation and use of personal neologisms inability to repeat a phrase persistent repetition of phrases paraphasia (
pply of blood, which carries oxygen and important nutrients. Other causes of brain injury are severe blows to the head, brain t
 from strokes. About one million people in the United States currently have aphasia.
under 1 cm) but occasionally larger Single bump or group of bumps (crops) Sore may turn gray just before starting to healLess c
ietary deficiencies (especially iron, folic acid, or vitamin B-12), menstrual periods, hormonal changes, food allergies, and similar

e out possible cancer. Call your health care provider if symptoms are associated with other problems such as fever, diarrhea, he

toms Begins near the belly button and then moves lower and to the right Is new and unlike any pain felt before Gets worse in a
:Feces, parasites, or growths that clog the appendiceal lumen. Enlarged lymph tissue in the wall of the appendix, caused by inf

ve recovery time.
mption, but usually is between 10 and 28 days. For young children (around 10 years old) the recovery takes three weeks.The re
often a chronic disease, so symptoms may come and go, or persist over time.
b together, causing pain, swelling (inflammation), and stiffness.Joint inflammation may result from:An autoimmune disease (th
e more common in women; 60% of the people with arthritis are women. Gout is more common in men. Genetic: Specific gene
Although there is no cure for most types of arthritis, early diagnosis and appropriate management are important, especially for

d as fertilizer.Once consumed, the eggs hatch and release immature roundworms called larvae within the small intestine. Withi

endix, or multiply and cause a blockage in the intestine.

&C or other uterine surgery.
after infection with tuberculosis or schistosomiasis. These infections are rare in the United States, and uterine complications su

ancy depends on the severity of Asherman syndrome and the difficulty of the treatment, as well as other factors that affect fer
eing other than normal. Some adults may also have mild astigmatism without any symptoms. It's important to have comprehen
tigmatism may sometimes develop due after eye surgery or following an eye injury . Additionally, severe astigmatism may resul
desh found that nearly 1 in 3 (32.4%) of those over the age of 30 had astigmatism . A number of studies have found that the pre

This fluid makes sexual intercourse more comfortable and helps decrease vaginal irritation.Thinning or shrinking of the vaginal

ve type are less disruptive and are more likely to not be diagnosed with ADHD.Inattentive symptoms:Fails to give close attentio
the cause may be, it seems to be set in motion early in life as the brain is developing. Imaging studies suggest that the brains o

ms of inattention or impulsivity as adults. However, adults are often more capable of controlling behavior and masking difficultie
mmunicationSome children with autism appear normal before age 1 or 2 and then suddenly regress and lose language or social
c factors seem to be important. For example, identical twins are much more likely than fraternal twins or siblings to both have
to an increasing rate of the illness or an increased ability to diagnose the illness.Autism affects boys 3 - 4 times more often than

ms of autism can be improved, though most people will have some symptoms throughout their lives. Most people with autism a
emia gets worse, symptoms may include:Blue color to the whites of the eyes Brittle nails Light-headedness when you stand up
utoimmune hemolytic anemia.The antibodies may also be caused by:Complication of another disease Past blood transfusions P
 to severe. Some people may feel as if they have a mild case of the flu. Others may have no symptoms when a health care prov

will die in a 5 years. The presence of young age at presentation, AIH-2, coagulopathy, severe histologic activity is associated wit
ar as young as five years old (specifically with candidiasis). Hypoparathyroidism commonly appears in people younger than 10 y
articular HLA genotype. Type III has been linked to an X chromosome defect and is more common in males. Women, too, can b

organ failures occur or not.Type III: Prognosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type III depends on whether glandular f
ver, avian influenza is very contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds, including chickens, ducks, and turk
severe and life-threatening complications. The symptoms of avian influenza may depend on which virus caused the infection.

usly healthy children and young adults and have resulted from direct or close contact with H5N1 - infected poultry or H5N1 - co
rather than risk trying to connect with others.

r falling from a ladder, being tackled on the football field, or lifting a load that is too heavy, for example—is acute pain. Acute p
ical cause of back pain is a condition called intervertebral disk degeneration (such as degenerative disk disease), which simply m
mmon among people who are not physically fit. Weak back and abdominal muscles may not properly support the spine. “Weeke
h medication and rest, or if you have pain after a fall or an injury.In most cases, it is best to see your primary care physician firs
tions accompany it and what treatments are required.For those patients who require surgery, the outcome is generally much m
g during urination or itching around the outside of the vagina, or both. However, most women with BV report no signs or symp
ease in harmful bacteria.Not much is known about how women get BV. There are many unanswered questions about the role t
the vagina and put women at increased risk including:Having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners Douching

welling, and bruising on the back of the knee and calf muscle.It is important to know whether pain or swelling is caused by a Ba
niscal cartilage of the knee Knee arthritis (in older adults) Rheumatoid arthritis Other knee problems

orse, causing:Difficulty walking that gets worse over time; by age 25-30 the person is usually unable to walk Frequent falls Diffi
dystrophy occurs in approximately 3 - 6 out of every 100,000 males. It is less common than Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
family members have been diagnosed with Becker muscular dystrophy

metimes protruding Lethargy Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Mild microcephaly Poor feeding Separated abdominal muscles (d

eding and sleeping.

l paralysis, may include twitching, weakness, or paralysis on one or both sides of the face, drooping of the eyelid and corner of
al meningitis or the common cold sore virus - herpes simplex - causes the disorder. They believe that the facial nerve swells and
r upper respiratory ailments such as the flu or a cold.

weeks after the initial onset of symptoms and most recover completely, returning to normal function within 3 to 6 months. Fo
n with urination or bloody urine (these may indicate infection) Slowed or delayed start of the urinary stream Straining to urinat
o not develop BPH.Similarly, if the testicles are removed after a man develops BPH, the prostate begins to shrink in size.
more than 90% of men over age 80. No risk factors have been identified other than having normally functioning testicles.
urinary problems, like diuretics, antihistamines, antidepressants, or sedatives. Do NOT stop or adjust your medications on your
 ht and become irritable, and have worsening jaundice. Other symptoms may include:Dark urine Enlarged spleen Floating stools
ary atresia is linked most frequently to Asian and African American populations. Comparative, as many as two times the numbe
k down (digest) fat. In babies with biliary atresia, bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder is blocked. This can lead to liver dam

ecoming overweight.Binge eating may occur on its own or in the context of an eating disorder, such as bulimia. People with bu

nt Sex with many partners (promiscuity) Spending sprees Very elevated mood Excess activity (hyperactivity) Increased energy R
at least one manic episode and may have had periods of major depression. In the past, bipolar disorder type I was called mani
r you are having any new symptoms
ation as soon as they feel better or because the mania feels good. Stopping medication can cause serious problems.Suicide is a

he skin.Allergies and lice that affects the eyelashes may also cause blepharitis, although these causes are less common.People w

aginal bleeding during pregnancy:Early labor (bloody show) Ectopic pregnancy Infection of the cervix Trauma to the cervix from

s Distress about their preoccupation Constantly asking trusted loved ones for reassurance about their looks, but not believing t
netic tendency to develop this type of mental illness. The trigger may be the stress of adolescence. Particular drugs, such as ecs

ns:Osteosarcoma occurs most commonly between ages 10 and 19. However, people over age 40 who have other conditions, s

herapy or treatment with certain anticancer drugs; children seem to be particularly susceptible. A small number of bone cancer
sponsoring clinical trials in many hospitals and cancer centers around the country. Clinical trials are a critical step in the develop
ckly. A person who is looked up to one day may be looked down on the next day. These suddenly shifting feelings often lead to

cult to breathe, and an attack is therefore quite a frightening experience, although it generally passes off before any actual harm

develop acute viral meningitis as a complication of the coxsackie virus infection, and about 5% of adult males develop orchitis.
g Double vision Dry mouth Nausea Temporary lack of breathing Vomiting Weakness with paralysis (equal on both sides of the b
g. The foods most commonly contaminated are home-canned vegetables, cured pork and ham, smoked or raw fish, and honey o

ir fluid levels.
he major causes of bowel obstruction in infants and children. Causes of paralytic ileus may include:Chemical, electrolyte, or min

d movement Decreased sensation Decreased speech (aphasia) Fever and chills Headache Language difficulties Loss of coordinati
in. Tissue forms around this area and creates a mass.While this immune response can protect the brain by isolating the infectio
heart shunts, usually the result of congenital heart disease
eatment is not sought death is a likely outcome.
fficulties Double vision or decreased vision Hearing loss Personality and behavior changes Emotional instability HiccupsOther he
nvasive.Tumors may occur at any age, but many types of tumors are most common in a certain age group. In adults, gliomas an

ddenly develop speech changes Consciousness disorders

as just been diagnosed or has recurred The patient’s general health
on (turning inward) Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin A discharge other than breast milkOther health
ntagious. You cannot "catch" it from another person.Research has shown that women with certain risk factors are more likely th
st Itching or skin changes such as redness, scales, dimples, or puckers A change in breast size or shape
American Cancer Society) 98% of women survive breast cancer if it is detected while it is smaller than 2cm in diameter and ha
trual period, and then improve after your period starts.Fibroadenomas are noncancerous lumps that feel rubbery. They move e
specially if it is bloody or pinkish (blood-tinged) Your nipple is inverted (turned inward) but normally is not invertedAlso call if:Y
hol or other drug abuse and they last longer than a day, but less than a month.
affects people in their 20s, 30s, and 40s. People who have personality disorders are at greater risk for having a brief reactive p
ency room.

thing rate may increase (tachypnea), and the infant may become irritable or anxious-looking. If the disease is severe enough, t
us Influenza ParainfluenzaThe virus is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with nasal fluids, or by airborne drop
athing Flares nostrils or retracts chest muscles in an effort to breathe

he name "undulant" fever is because the fever rises and falls in waves.Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:Muscl

ping partners.Symptoms include:Anxiety, stress, and tension Depression Earache (due in part because the structures of the tem
e trigger in many people. Some people probably clench their teeth and never feel symptoms.Whether or not bruxism causes pa
fore, see your dentist for a full evaluation if self-care measures do not help within several weeks.Grinding and clenching does n

mmonly found in the groin, but may occur in the armpits or neck, most often at the site of the initial infection (bite or scratch) Pa
when handling an infected animal. Certain forms of the plague can be spread from human to human. When someone with pne
dents, especially rabbits, squirrels, or prairie dogs, or scratches or bites from infected domestic cats.

rombosis).Most often, it is caused by conditions that make blood clots more likely to form, including:Abnormal growth of cells

self-disgust, which causes purging to prevent weight gain. Purging may include:Forcing oneself to vomit Excessive exercise Use
use of bulimia is unknown. Genetic, psychological, trauma, family, society, or cultural factors may play a role. Bulimia is likely du

ally starts in the belly area (abdomen). The disease can also start in the ovaries, testes, brain, and spinal fluid.Symptoms includ
North American form of Burkitt lymphoma is not linked to EBV.Burkitt lymphoma is most often seen in males.

uries, overuse, and repetitive stress are common causes of bursitis. Certain diseases, such as arthritis and gout, might also caus
 u partake in physical activity You develop a fever

osed to the dust makes breathing more difficult, but in byssinosis, the symptoms usually go away by the end of the work week.

, or unpasteurized milk.A person can also be infected by close contact with infected people or animals.
child has a fever above 100.4°F along with diarrhea. You have signs of dehydration (thirst, dizziness, light-headedness) You have

tal warts or human papillomavirus (HPV) are at higher risk for this rare disorder.

bjects, or perform other manual tasks. A sharp, piercing pain may shoot through the wrist and up your arm.Patients often repo
g pressure on the median nerve. The median nerve provides feeling and movement to the "thumb side" of the hand (the palm

your fingers
ver completely.
omfort (malaise)Less common symptoms may include:Draining lymph nodes' Enlarged spleen Loss of appetite Sore throat Wei
elling (lymphadenopathy) occurs near the site of the scratch or bite. Occasionally, an infected lymph node may form a tunnel (fi

een shades of colors Seeing halos around lights Being sensitive to glareCataracts generally lead to decreased vision, even in day
searchers suspect that a cataract may form as the protein in the lens changes from the wear and tear it takes over the yearsAlt

diarrhea Vomiting Constipation Pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stool Weight loss Irritability is another common symptom in childr

mune thyroid disease Autoimmune liver disease Rheumatoid arthritis Addison’s disease, a condition in which the glands that pro

wed. Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet is the only known way to treat celiac disease. Prognosis of celiac disease is good with

k rise in the body's sodium levels. This most often occurs when someone is being treated for low blood levels of sodium (hypon

, the first symptoms are those of a stroke caused by bleeding into the brain.Cerebral AVMs occur in less than 1% of people.Sym
and location in the brain.An AVM rupture occurs because of pressure and damage to blood vessel tissue. This allows blood to le
seizure, because AVM may be the cause of seizures.
heir late 40s or early 50s are more likely to remain stable and rarely cause symptoms.
sis or hemiparesis- coma in 10% of patients as the presenting symptom
C and S deficiency and factor V Leiden mutation),- hypercoagulability- head trauma,- local infections- underlying cancer

er from chronic complications as headache, fatigue, memory and concentration deficits, or residual epilepsy.
uching, or a pelvic exam Menstrual periods that last longer and are heavier than before Bleeding after going through menopau
Infection:HPV is a group of viruses that can infect the cervix. An HPV infection that doesn't go away can cause cervical cancer in
ight need treatment, such as infection or inflammation. In addition to the Pap test; the main test for cervical cancer, the HPV te
up your strength. Eating well may help you feel better and have more energy. However, you may not feel like eating during or
e: There may be no symptoms, so it is recommended that certain women be tested for chlamydia, even if they do not have sym
asisHowever, in a few cases it may be due to:A device inserted into the pelvic area such as: Cervical cap Device to support the u
isk sexual behavior or have had an STD Bacteria (such as staphylococcus and streptococcus) and too much growth of normal ba

nsmitted through sexual intercourse.

es (these are lymph nodes located in the fold between the leg and lower abdomen) Pain with urination and intercourse in fema
ve disability (related to shortness of breath Rapid breathing (tachypnea) Shortness of breath with only mild exercise
orine bleach, in industrial accidents, or near swimming pools) Grain and fertilizer dust Noxious fumes from pesticides Smoke (fr

age child develops 250 to 500 small, itchy, fluid-filled blisters over red spots on the skin.The blisters are usually first seen on th
enpox in the vicinity coughs or sneezes. People with mild illness may be contagious.An individual with chickenpox is contagious

le pain, joint swelling, or rash. Chikungunya disease does not often result in death, but the symptoms can be severe and disabli
is most often spread to people by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. These are the same mosquitoes that transm
untries are at risk of getting Chikungunya.Anguilla Antigua British Virgin Islands Dominica Dominican Republic French Guiana Gu

on has been infected, he or she is likely to be protected from future infections.

ng relationships with other children and family members
tic disorder.

discharge or painOnly about 30% of women with chlamydia have symptoms. Symptoms that may occur in women include:Bur

itingOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these sympto
tumors block off the bile ducts.They affect both men and women. Most patients are older than 65.Risks for this condition includ
ulcerative colitis, bile duct stones, choledochal cysts and cirrhosis have high risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma.Liver fluke

en diagnosed or has recurred

urine Nausea and vomiting Yellowing of the skin (jaundice) -- may come and go

ehydration Rapid pulse Sunken "soft spots" (fontanelles) in infants Unusual tiredness Vomiting Watery diarrhea that starts sud
ocations for cholera include:Africa Asia India Mexico South and Central AmericaPeople get the infection by eating or drinking c
anes, refugee camps, etc.)

on an organ due to a nearby mass or tumor Primary sclerosing cholangitisIntrahepatic cholestasis occurs inside the liver. It can b
ul hard lump over the area of the disease. If the chondrosarcoma is in the skull bone, it can cause headaches.
ho have had radiation therapy for other cancers.
t arise near the growth plate of the bone. Multiple exostoses - multiple overgrowths of cartilage that occur at the end of the gr

te hydatidiform mole.The abnormal tissue from the mole can continue to grow even after it is removed and can turn into canc

mone (HCG) level is greater than 40,000 mIU/mL at the time treatment begins Cancer returns after having chemotherapy in the
lude:Blood in the urine Decreased urinary stream Delayed start of urination (urinary hesitancy) Frequent urination Incontinenc
use chronic prostatitis include:Escherichia coli Enterobacter cloacae Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus species
nd for bacteria.Other possible causes are related to stress and tightness of the pelvic muscles.

y WheezingEven after acute bronchitis has cleared, you may have a dry, nagging cough that lingers for several weeks. Additiona
hronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD for short. (Emphysema is another type of COPD.) The following things can make

a bad smell You feel short of breath or have chest pain You have an underlying chronic illness, like heart or lung disease
hitis. Early recognition and treatment, combined with smoking cessation, significantly improve the chance of a good outcome.
y foodsOther symptoms that may occur include:Abdominal fullness Clay-colored stools Excess gas Fever Heartburn Indigestion
rm its function, which is concentrating, storing, and releasing bile.

nd improve after your period starts.Symptoms can include:Pain or discomfort in both breasts The pain commonly comes and go
is most common between the ages of 20 and 45. It is rare in women after menopause, unless they are taking estrogen.Some w

ompromised persons, including those with HIV/AIDS and those receiving chemotherapy for cancer or organ transplantation can

hich is:New Lasts at least 6 months Not relieved by bed rest Severe enough to keep you from participating in certain activitiesO
because of a faulty immune system responseThe following may also play a role in the development of CFS:Age Previous illnesse

re more likely to get better if you receive extensive rehabilitation.

des in the neck, underarm, or groin Pain or fullness below the ribsOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only
eukemia.Family history: Epidemic survey show that first-degree relatives of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients have an inc

leukemia.Treatment response: Whether the chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient gets better with treatment or has come bac
eople may be unaware that they are sick.
op emphysema.

alk with their doctor about the use of breathing machines and end-of-life care.
hey feel a sense of relief when they carry out these movements. Patients typically describe them as responding to an inner urge

life-long condition

n association with other diseases, but they have to be evaluated properly by medical professional.
etter. However, the disease relapses are common.
ess, self-hate, and guilt Difficulty concentrating Slow or fast movements Lack of activity and avoiding usual activities Feeling hop
rs can cause depression, including:Alcohol or drug abuseMedical conditions and treatments, such as: Certain types of cancer Lo
e for longer than 2 weeks You have three or more symptoms of depression You think one of your current medications may be m
e) in the intestines.

hest pain (can vary from mild to severe) Cough, possibly producing blood Fever Headache Joint stiffness and pain Loss of appeti
orms of coccidioidomycosis: acute, chronic, or disseminated.Acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. It almost always mild, with f

People with disseminated disease have a high death rate.

erence between shades of the same or similar colorsOften, the symptoms may be so mild that some persons do not know they
missing just one pigment, you might have trouble telling the difference between red and green. This is the most common type o
color combination, or another mutation. The reason males are at a greater risk of inheriting an X linked mutation is because m

e able to see color

re than a few daysCramping, abdominal pain and abdominal distentionRectal bleeding, dark stools, or blood in the stoolWeakn
rectal cancer, especially with large or many of them.Inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
a person with colorectal cancer appears these symptoms is mostly because of intestinal obstruction caused by lumps. This is th
al healthWhether cancer remains after initial treatment or has recurred
SneezingAdults and older children with colds generally have a low grade fever or no fever. However, young children often run a
and parents miss work. Parents often get colds from their children. Children typically get up to eight colds every year. They usua

r to rule out conditions include: sinus infection, allergies, or other medical problems.

m or leg on the opposite side of the bodyIn most cases, CRPS has three stages. However, CRPS does not always follow this patte
s, warmth, and swelling in the affected area.CRPS has two forms:CRPS 1 is a chronic nerve disorder that occurs most often in th

one and muscle may get worse and may not be reversible.In some people, symptoms go away on their own. In other people, e
: bullying, fighting, using dangerous weapons, forcing sexual activity, and stealing) Failure to attend school (truancy -- beginning
ualities needed to make the diagnosis (such as defiance and rule breaking) can be hard to define. For an accurate diagnosis, the

weakness Little to no growth Without therapy, the child later may show signs of neurological impairment.
common defect and occurs in about 1 out of every 3,000 births. Girls are affected twice as often than boys.

e faulty gene for protein C deficiency.Protein S deficiency occurs in about 1 in 20,000 people.

babies born with congenital rubella has decreased dramatically since the introduction of the rubella vaccine.Pregnant women
sh of the mouth, genitalia, and anus Watery discharge from the noseSymptoms in older infants and young children may include
pite the fact that this disease can be cured with antibiotics if caught early, rising rates of syphilis among pregnant women in the

nctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis is typically itchy, sometimes distressingly so, and often involves some eye swelling. Chronic allerg
se of contact lenses (especially extended-wear lenses)Conjunctivitis is spread from person-to-person by:Direct contact with th
in young children. Additionally, babies born to mothers infected with either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis a

onality disorder.It is important to understand that patients are not making up their symptoms (malingering). Some doctors fals

on the cornea Signs of anterior uveitis, such as miosis (small pupil), aqueous flare (protein in the aqueous humour), and redness
a to the eye (e.g. tiny scratches from foreign particles that enter the eye).Inappropriate contact lens wear (e.g. wearing the lens
arian societies.In developing countries, children afflicted by vitamin A deficiency are at a high risk for corneal ulcer and may bec

on inside, increasing the risk of permanent visual problems.

(a resistance to imposed movement), Disequilibrium (impaired balance), Limb dystonia (abnormal muscle postures).Other sym

sed pigmentation A large amount of warts on the face, may be absent during infancy and appear during early childhood Hair lo
der in their family.Geneticists believe that the symptoms associated with Costello syndrome are a result of a missense mutation
may be at risk for the condition.In addition, although people with Costello syndrome typically do not reproduce, if they were t
ense mutations in 80%-90% of individuals with the clinical diagnosis. The clinical diagnosis should be reconsidered if no HRAS m
ymptoms by disrupting the function of the pituitary glandIncreased thirst Increased urination Short stature Weight gain Menstr

tient’s general health

ntellectual capacity, and blindness. Genetic disorders commonly associated with craniosynostosis include Crouzon syndrome, A

jerks or seizures Nervous, jumpy feelings Personality changes Profound confusion, disorientation Sleepiness Speech impairmen
. It usually first appears between ages 20 and 70, with average age at onset of symptoms in the late 50s.CJD can be grouped in

.The cause of death is usually infection, heart failure, or respiratory failure.

e) Skin tags just in front of the ear Slow or incomplete development of motor skills Small head (microcephaly) Small jaw (micro
syndrome develop.Most cases are believed to occur during the development of the egg or sperm. A minority of cases result fro
ded external earsGenetic tests can show a missing part of chromosome 5. Skull x-ray may reveal an abnormal angle to the base

(yellow discoloration of skin and eyes) and damage to the brain, muscles, and nerves.Crigler-Najjar (type 1) is the early-onset f

sistent, watery diarrheaOther symptoms may include:Abdominal fullness and gas Clotting problems (deep vein thrombosis) Con
cts abnormally in people with Crohn’s disease, mistaking bacteria, foods, and other substances for being foreign. The immune

ase and you develop new symptoms

ur medications for any reason, let your doctor know right away.You have a higher risk for small bowel and colon cancer if you h
 sh, crowing noise made during inspiration).Croup is typically much worse at night. It often lasts 5 or 6 nights, but the first night
can all cause croup as well.

ng trouble swallowingDepending on the severity of the symptoms, call 911 or your health care provider for any of the followin
more severe cases, prompt treatment is necessary to prevent airway obstruction that can lead to life-threatening respiratory d
ppear in the skin, which becomes fragile and thin, bruises easily, and heals poorly. Purple or pink stretch marks may appear on
ol—such as prednisone for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and other inflammatory diseases. Glucocorticoids are also used
ree months in a row
ually common in men and women.

eletion review is closed out of process. The rules for deletion review say it should stay up for 5 days, and this one was closed aft
ack Strong need to urinate often, even right after the bladder has been emptiedOften in an elderly person, mental changes or c
when you urinate. However, sometimes the bacteria can stick to the wall of the urethra or bladder, or grow so fast that some b
ntrol (bowel incontinence) Older age (especially in people who live in nursing homes) Pregnancy Problems fully emptying your

n of the brain (encephalitis) Seizures

ntact with CMV in their lifetime. But usually, it's people with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV/AIDS, who be
tion Changes in level of consciousness or awareness Changes in movement (for example, may be slow moving or hyperactive) C
wal Drug abuse Electrolyte or other body chemical disturbances Infections such as urinary tract infections or pneumonia (more l

eturn to normal levels.Full recovery is common.

sorientation Decreased attention span Deep sleep that lasts for a day or longer Delirium Excitement Fear Hallucinations (seeing
most common in people who have a history of alcohol withdrawal. It is especially common in those who drink 4 - 5 pints of wi

etfulness.Mild cognitive impairment is the stage between normal forgetfulness due to aging and the development of dementia
ading cause of dementia in elderly adults. People with this condition have abnormal protein structures in certain areas of the b

exactly why alpha-synuclein accumulates into Lewy bodies or how Lewy bodies cause the symptoms of DLB, but they do know
Unexplained loss of consciousness, frequent falls Symptoms can be temporary - vary from day to day or even throughout the da
of diagnosis is similar to that in Alzheimer’s disease, about 8 years, with progressively increasing disability.
e:Avoiding being alone Avoiding personal responsibility Becoming easily hurt by criticism or disapproval Becoming overly focus

me or all of these symptoms of depression may be present:Appetite changes (usually a loss of appetite but sometimes an increa
ay also be a reaction to a disturbing event, such as:The death of a friend or relative A breakup with a boyfriend or girlfriend Fail
thers Personality change Risk taking behavior Threat of suicide or plans to hurt yourself Withdrawal, urge to be alone, isolation

ult, early depression may be ignored, or confused with other conditions that are common in the elderly.Clues to depression in
s as children move away and their spouse and close friends die Loss of independence (problems getting around, caring for them
ocal emergency number (such as 911) if you are thinking about suicide (taking your own life).If you are caring for an aging fami
m. Tenderness and swelling around thumb. Loss of function in the thumbGanglion cyst also present with similar symptoms.
mprove muscle flexibility.
such as lowering a child or putting a heavy stack of plates down. Some occupations, such as office workers, musicians, carpente

allowing during first year of life Problems with gross motor coordination (for example, jumping, hopping, or standing on one fo
order may occur alone or with other learning disorders, such as communication disorders or disorder of written expression.

s well as by head injuries, neurosurgery, or genetic disorders. To treat the ADH deficiency that results from any kind of damage

Dysfunctional movement Loss of feeling or function of muscles Speech impairment

usual and often mild.This condition is usually seen in people with type 2 diabetes. It may occur in those who have not been diag
management of diabetes -- not following the treatment plan as directed Stopping insulin or other medications that lower gluco

e Confusion, stupor that may progress to coma

breakdown of fat produces ketone bodies. This process may be triggered in the presence of any infection, illness or drugs.

ness or mental stupor

uncooked or undercooked fish from rivers or lakes such as:Eastern Europe North and South America Scandinavia Some Asian c
transported to and consumed in any area of the world.

ordination disorder Expressive language disorder Mathematics disorder Reading disorder

y behavior Speech that makes no senseSome of these symptoms are also seen in other types of schizophrenia. The main differe

rocessed foods greatly reduced Americans’ fiber intake.Diverticular disease is common in developed or industrialized countries

ent. For example, diverticulosis is often found during a colonoscopy done to screen for cancer or polyps or to evaluate complai
wears away, and the bumps turn into raised, beefy-red, velvety nodules called granulation tissue. They are usually painless, but
, typically in the Southeast. There are about 100 cases reported per year in the United States. The disease spreads mostly throu

wn too early.Drugs that can cause this type of hemolytic anemia include:Cephalosporins (a class of antibiotics) is the most comm

butterfly rash Sensitivity to sunlight Chest pain Swollen lymph nodes

k, and other areas of the body Difficulty with motor skills (running, hopping, jumping) Frequent falls Rapidly worsening weakne
n (a protein in the muscles). However, it often occurs in people without a known family history of the condition.Because of the

ntestinal obstruction: rarelyOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person w

culty telling the difference between addition and subtraction Problems understanding math symbols and word problems Unab
der Reading disorder

ime between menstrual periods changes with each cycle Bleeding is heavier (passing large clots, needing to change protection
ve their periods can range from 21 to 45 days or more apart. Women in their 40s will often notice their menstrual cycles occurr

relieve your pain after 3 months. You have an IUD that was placed more than 3 months ago. You pass blood clots or have other
will be present almost all of the time that the person has dysthymia:Feelings of hopelessness Too little or too much sleep Low e
alth disorder, such as anxiety, alcohol abuse, or drug addiction.About half of people with dysthymia will also have an episode o
elongings, or talking about going away and the need to get "affairs in order" Performing self-destructive behaviors, such as inju
ility to function in their family, and at work.Dysthymia also increases the risk for suicide.
some distance. the neck may turn or pull involuntarily, especially when the patient is tired or stressed. both eyes may sometim
ury (particularly due to lack of oxygen), certain infections, reactions to certain drugs, heavy-metal or carbon monoxide poisonin
e can help families understand the risk of passing dystonia along to future generations.

stress. Later, individuals may show dystonic postures and movements while walking and ultimately even while they are relaxed
la-Ivory Coast virus. The human disease has so far been limited to parts of Africa. A very small number of people in the United
e handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead in the rainfo
lude:Impaired kidney function Impaired liver function Internal and external bleeding, commonly:Bleeding from eyes, ears, and
ose contact with the body of a deceased person, infected with ebola virus, during burial ceremonies Hunters in rain forests wh
exposed to Ebola fever Develops symptoms of the disorderUrgent medical care is fundamental to improve the survival rateand

d when they swallow eggs in contaminated food. The infection is carried to the liver, where cysts form. Cysts can also form in t

ion problems
us complication of pregnancy that includes high blood pressure and excess and rapid weight gain.It is difficult to predict which

ay get worse. They may include:Feeling faint or actually fainting Intense pressure in the rectum Pain that is felt in the shoulder
s, ectopic pregnancies can occur in the ovary, stomach area, or cervix.An ectopic pregnancy is often caused by a condition that

rth control.
e woman's age Whether she has already had children Why the first ectopic pregnancy occurredThe rate of death due to an ect
carinatum)

e apex beat, both due to hyperinflation. There may be decreased breath sounds and audible expiratory wheeze. In advanced di

moking and severely decreased A1AT levels (10-15%) can cause emphysema at a young age. The type of emphysema caused by

unction (impotence) Headaches Irregular or absent menstruation Low sexual desire (low libido) Nipple discharge
n MRI scans, giving the appearance of an "empty sella." This is referred to as empty sella syndrome.The pituitary makes several

y Lung abscess Trauma or injury to the chestIn rare cases, empyema can occur after a needle is inserted through the chest wall

ache Low energy and a poor appetiteOther symptoms include:Clumsiness, unsteady gait Confusion, disorientation Drowsiness I
it. Exposure to viruses can occur through:Breathing in respiratory droplets from an infected person Contaminated food or drin

r. Some people may take several months to fully recover.

up the toilet
ere are rarely physical causes other than constipation (sometimes present since infancy).Other causes may be related to:A lack

me symptoms, you should always consult your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms.
m endometrial cancer than white women.Some of the risk factors for endometrial cancer are:Estrogen ExposureEstrogen expo
y of the following symptoms should be reported immediately to the doctor:Bleeding or spotting after intercourse or douching

minal or pelvic pain (uterine pain)

volves entering the uterus through the cervix will increase the risk of developing endometritis. This includes a D and C, hystero

ccur in severe infections)

of household items with the eggs. Typically, children are infected by unknowingly touching pinworm eggs and putting their fing
 breathing Wheezing or worsening of asthma Convulsions due to high fever
to 3 weeks. Other bodily fluids that may contain the virus include saliva, nasal mucus, sputum, and blister fluid (in those with r

your health care provider.

ing to death.
weakness Bowel and bladder dysfunction

uch as tenascin C and epidermal growth factor are associated with increased risk for developing ependymal tumors. ERBB2, ERB
ain with urination (dysuria) Scrotal swelling Tender, swollen groin area on affected side Tender, swollen, heavy feeling in the te
and similar infections are much more common. This is also true in homosexual men.The most common virus that causes isolate
de:Being older than age 45 Long-term use of a Foley catheter Not being vaccinated against the mumps Structural abnormalities

done. If not treated, or in some other cases, the condition can become long-term (chronic). In chronic cases, there is usually no
tradural hemorrhage is loss of consciousness, followed by alertness, then loss of consciousness again. But this pattern may NOT
extradural hemorrhage occurs when there is a rupture of a blood vessel, usually an artery, which then bleeds into the space be
s persist after treatment, including memory loss, difficulty maintaining attention, dizziness, headache, anxiety, speech difficultie

eathe) Difficulty swallowing Voice changes (hoarseness)

g of the epiglottis, which leads to breathing problems. Swelling of the epiglottis is usually caused by the bacteria Haemophilus i

of gastroenteritis caused by E. coli can include:Nausea Abdominal cramps Vomiting Diarrhea, which may be watery or bloody Fa
at normally inhabit the gastrointestinal tract.
problems swallowing, with the feeling like the food is stuck in the throat or chest. At first it is often mild, but then gets worse o
cally.Squamous cell esophageal cancer is linked to smoking and alcohol consumption.Barrett's esophagus, a complication of ga
lled Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Clinical data show that people with GERD have a 2-16 times higher risk of getting
allowing and eventually may prevent patients from being able to swallow at all. You need to see the doctor to obtain nutritiona

ly live in your mouth. However, when your immune system is weaker, the fungus can grow, leading to sores (lesions) in your es

on may be due to fungi, yeast (especially Candida infections), or viruses such as herpes or cytomegalovirus.
nd vitamins VomitingPersons with weakened immune systems due to HIV and certain medications (such as corticosteroids) may

nd nosebleeds (epistaxis) Numbness of the hands or feet Ulcers on the fingers or toesThe condition can even cause strokes in s
myeloproliferative disorders. Others include:Chronic myelogenous leukemia Polycythemia vera Primary myelofibrosisThis disord

nto acute leukemia or myelofibrosis.

beat Yellow/jaundice colored eyes and skin Dark urine
me, doctors can't determine why a person gets non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
ease but it certainly increases your chances as compared to the general population.Risk factors for lymphoma are as under:Age
e Difficulty making expressions, grimacingDifficulty eating Face feels pulled to one side and stiff Felling dryness in the eye or th
oustic neuroma, schwannoma, glomus tumors. Toxins, such as alcohol abuse, carbon monoxide poisoning. idiopathic, such as B

nt is treated early or not: Early treatment may be helpful to recover. Some patient experiencing early treatment leave behind n
eir height.Growing may have slowed or stopped after a previously established growth curve.The following are delayed or slow t
wth and development.In general, the rate of change in weight and height may be more important than the actual measuremen

be achieved.
usually symptom -free between attacks.Symptoms may include repeated episodes of:Abdominal pain Chest pain that is sharp a
s, and Arabs, although people from other ethnic groups may also be affected.This disease is very rare. Risk factors include a fam

s, stupor, even coma Renal dysfunction: Oliguria, haematuria, or anuria.

soon as possible when the following symptoms appear:Chest pain Tachypnoea Fever Petechial rash Headache Any change in co

nal discomfort or abdominal pain Weight loss ConfusionOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor c

jor areas: thinking, speech, movement, or social skills (as expected for the baby's age) Heart defects such as ventricular septal
ohol can harm the baby's development.A pregnant woman who drinks any amount of alcohol is at risk, since no "safe" level of

manage.Children do best if diagnosed early and referred to a team of providers who can work with their families on educationa
n menstrual periods Pelvic pain Frequent urination Low back pain Pain during intercourse InfertilityOther health problems may

pause. Fibroids are two to five times more common in African American women than Caucasian women. Ovarian fibroma s are

to become pregnant. Hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) also is commonly performed for patients with debilitating

as recurred The patient’ s general health

ar to "just have a cold." The virus is probably spread from person to person by direct contact with those secretions, such as shar
ems with immune system, pregnancy, sickle-cell disease, anemia)
with sickle-cell disease or similar types of chronic anemia. In such persons, parvovirus B19 can cause an acute, severe anemia.

is a type of B vitamin. It is water-soluble, which means it cannot be stored in the body. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in wate
ble swallowing Breathing problems Continuous coughA person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the p

ntists have proven that radiation exposure is a risk factor for follicular thyroid cancer. Such radiation includes medical treatmen
y saliva and to drooling; and blisters on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness.Adult animals may suffer weight loss from
umans via consumption of infected meat, except in the mouth before the meat is swallowed.There is another viral disease with
ks often follow fatty meals, and they may occur during the night. A typical attack can cause;Steady pain in the right upper abdo
ast or lose a lot of weight quickly People with a family history of gallstones People with diabetes People who take cholesterol-l

minutes. The area may be completely destroyed.Symptoms include:Air under the skin (subcutaneous emphysema)Blisters filled
ostridium is found most everywhere. As the bacteria grow inside the body, it makes gas and harmful substances (toxins) that c
gas gangrene.

g school-age children. Rotavirus, the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. It can also infect adults exposed to child

ars when crying No urine for 8 hours or more Sunken appearance to the eyes Sunken soft spot on an infant's head (fontanelle)

Have depression or anxiety Say that they want to be the opposite sexAdults:Dress like the opposite sex Feel alone Have depres
er is not the same as homosexuality.Identity conflicts can occur in many situations and appear in different ways. For example, s

n aware that their worries or fears are stronger than needed, a person with GAD still has difficulty controlling them.Other symp
s long as they can remember.GAD occurs somewhat more often in women than in men.

n aware that their worries or fears are stronger than needed, a person with GAD still has difficulty controlling them.Other symp
s long as they can remember.GAD occurs somewhat more often in women than in men.

stomach or nausea VomitingThese symptoms may also lead to weight loss. Some people with Giardia infection have no sympto
beavers and muskrats, or domestic animals such as sheep, have caused contamination. It is also spread by direct person-to-pers
children Close contacts (for example, people living in the same household) or people who care for those sick with giardiasis Peo

al genetic abnormalities that can cause the condition.

SAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen. These drugs can prolong bleeding times by preventing platelets from clumping.
d bleeding with minor injuries (47.2%) Heavy menstrual bleeding Postpartum bleeding Gastrointestinal bleeding Heavy bleeding
s:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Multiple myeloma Hairy cell leukemia Myelodysplastic syndrome Imm
tide, and tirofiban which all antagonize αIIbβ3 Platelet transfusions.

mptoms may come and go at first, or steadily become worse Sudden, severe pain in one eye Decreased or cloudy vision Nausea
led aqueous humor. This fluid is always being made in the back of the eye. It leaves the eye through channels in the front of the
ver age 60, especially Mexican Americans. People with a family history of glaucoma.Among African Americans, studies show th

an manage their condition and will not lose vision, but the condition cannot be cured. It's important to carefully and regularly fo
ng:Abdominal pain Blood in the vomit or stools Cough and shortness of breath Diarrhea Excessive urination Fever General ill fe
 dney function is lost within weeks or months (called rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis). A quarter of people with chronic g
risk for glomerulonephritis, including:Amyloidosis Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease Blood vessel disease

may also be able to control other symptoms. If it cannot be controlled, you may develop end-stage kidney disease.
Rapid heart rate Shortness of breath Yellow skin color (jaundice)
hemolysis. When this process is actively occurring, it is called a hemolytic episode. The episodes are usually brief, because the b

wallowing Shortness of breath Fatigue Increased appetite Nervousness Restlessness Weight loss Muscle cramps
nstrate that women are more likely to thyroid disorders than men. Age over 50 years Personnal or family history: A personal o

ore when you touch it. Intense joint pain: The pain is likely to be most severe within the first 12 to 24 hours after it begins. Linge
zinamide and ethambutol, and some drugs used to treat cancer. Family history of gout Male, or female after menopause

ual irregularities in women Muscle weakness Nervousness Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations or arrhythmia) Restlessne
ism is critical for regulating mood, weight, and mental and physical energy levels.If the body makes too much thyroid hormone
0 times more common in women than men. An individual’s chance of developing Graves’ disease increases if other family mem
ave symptoms of hyperthyroidism with:Decrease in consciousness Fever Rapid, irregular heartbeat
pallor) with cold skin Poor feeding Unstable body temperature (low or high)
septicemia is very sick.GBS is commonly found in adults and older children, where it does not usually cause infection.There are
ctive, or urinary tract Prematurity Rupture of membranes (water breaks) more than 18 hours before baby is delivered Use of in
such as 911).Parents should particularly watch for symptoms in their baby's first 6 weeks. The early stages of this disease can p

pallor) with cold skin Poor feeding Unstable body temperature (low or high)
th septicemia is very sick.GBS is commonly found in adults and older children, where it does not usually cause infection. There
such as 911).Parents should particularly watch for symptoms in their baby's first 6 weeks. The early stages of this disease can p

ency grow normally until the age of two or three and then begin to show signs of delayed growth about 2 inches a year. They m
han syndrome), or hemorrhage pituitary apoplexy.

dren get good reactions to growth hormone replacement therapy. But it seems the treatment does not work in other children.
ction (paralysis) affects both sides of the body. In most cases, the muscle weakness starts in the legs and then spreads to the ar
nd 50.It often follows a minor infection, usually a lung infection or gastrointestinal infection. Usually, signs of the original infecti
er of GBS cases in your area, notify the state or local health department in the state where the cases happen. CDC collaborates

ople.A patient's outcome is most likely to be very good when the symptoms go away within 3 weeks after they first started.
h or difficulty breathing Sweating Chest pain Headache Muscle pain or aches Excessive tiredness Bacteremia (bloodstream infec
nzae type b, or Hib. These bacteria live in the nose and throat, and usually cause no harm. However, the bacteria can sometime

men more often than women. The average age of diagnosis is 55.

common) Epilepsy that involves a part of the brain called the temporal lobe (odor hallucinations are most common) Fever, esp
hallucinate may become nervous, paranoid, and frightened, and should not be left alone.Call your health care provider, go to th

rous tumors, only rarely invade or compress surrounding structures significantly.

esion is malignant (cancerous).

throat but is usually not painful. After years, or even decades, the damage to the thyroid causes it to shrink and the goiter to d
ay take months or even years for the condition to be detected. Chronic thyroiditis is most common in women and people with
entists are working to identify the gene or genes that cause the disease to be passed from one generation to the next. Possible
the mouth; a swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly or become uncomfortable; and unusual bleeding or pain in
ercent of head and neck cancers are linked to tobacco use. People who use both tobacco and alcohol are at greater risk for deve

nversely related to tumor size and even more so to the extent of regional node involvement.Consensus panels in America (Am
vulsions (rare)
ng. Sometimes it can develop in the week after the baby is born.Many women have high blood pressure and are diagnosed with
nant women to start prenatal care early and continue it through the pregnancy. This allows the health care provider to find and
pment of the baby's organs, especially the lungs.HELLP syndrome may return in up to 1 out of 4 future pregnancies.
middle-age before they have symptoms of hemochromatosis, some people may have symptoms at a younger age. The symptom
ne called the HFE gene — one from each parent. Men and women have the same chance of inheriting two copies of this gene.N
than women. Other factors that increase risk are:Ethnic Background: White people of northern European descent (for example

ed compensated hemolysis).There are many types of hemolytic anemia, which are classified by the reason for the premature de

alis is ABO incompatibility, which can vary in severity.The less common form is called Rh incompatibility, which can cause very

mptoms of anemia.Early symptoms:Blood in the stools Irritability Fever Lethargy Vomiting and diarrhea WeaknessLater sympto
ongastrointestinal infections.
hough some cases are due to a familial form of the disease. HUS may occur with a variety of other diseases and infections, and
ses, or you develop other new symptoms.

ding into joints is common.

y a higher chance of bleeding.Hemophilia is caused by a lack of enough factor VIII or IX. In most cases, hemophilia is passed dow

oticed until later in life when they occur in response to surgery or trauma. Internal bleeding may happen anywhere, and bleedin
hromosome can do the job of making enough factor VIII/ IX. Males, however, have only one X chromosome, so if the factor VIII/

r.Tests to diagnose hemophilia A include:Low serum factor VIII/ IX activity Normal prothrombin time (PT) Normal bleeding time
he infant becomes mobile.Mild cases may go unnoticed until later in life, when they occur in response to surgery or trauma. In
ome can do the job of making enough factor IX.Males, however, have only one X chromosome, so if the factor IX gene on that c

care with a hematologist, especially one who is associated with a hemophilia treatment center. The ability to have quick and e
p patterns Changes in thinking Confusion that is mild Forgetfulness Mental fogginess Personality or mood changes Poor concen
thy is unknown.An important job of the liver is to change toxic substances that are either made by the body or taken into the b

ecovery and the risk of the condition returning vary from patient to patient.

usually have bigger tumors than men.Babies may develop a type of hepatic hemangioma called benign infantile hemangioendo
 se of the liver damage and any illnesses you have. Hepatitis A, for example, is usually short-term and does not lead to chronic l
cations, such as an overdose of acetaminophen, which can be deadlyHepatitis is most often caused by one of several viruses, w

e no symptoms. Old patients are usually symptomatic. The symptoms of HAV may include:Fever Malaise Fatigue Loss of appetit
reaks, though infrequent, are usually associated with sewage-contaminated or inadequately treated water.People with HAV ar
njecting drugs Living in a household with an infected person Being a sexual partner of someone with acute hepatitis A infection
thin 14 days of contact, the injection can prevent Hepatitis A, or at least make symptoms its milder. There is no cure for Hepatiti
mmune systems and underlying liver disease, hepatitis A may cause fulminant hepatitis (acute liver failure), which is associated
hepatitis)If your body is able to fight off the hepatitis B, any symptoms that you had should go away over a period of weeks to m
one third of chronic infections in areas of low endemicity, although in those settings, sexual transmission and the use of contam
ctions:80–90% of infants infected during the first year of life develop chronic infections 30–50%% of children infected before th

ed with hepatitis B develop chronic hepatitis. Less than 5% of adults who are infected with the hepatitis B virus develop the chr
ous rupture or hemorrhage may occur, leading to acute abdominal pain with progression to hypotension and even death. Patien
es. Pregnancy It appears to stimulate rapid growth in these lesions with the risk of potentially fatal spontaneous rupture. Glyco
nyl estradiol The risk is proportional to: Hormonal dose Duration of medicationOther risk factors include: Clomiphene Methylte
n or androgen, surgical treatment is the management of choice.

o severe. In severe cases the disorder may be found in early childhood. In mild cases it may go unnoticed until adulthood.

s means that the tissue is stuck inside the hole and its blood supply has been cut off. If this occurs, you will need urgent surgery
nfants and children. This can happen when the lining around the abdominal organs does not close properly before birth. About
rk, or discolored. You have groin pain, swelling, or a bulge. You have a bulge or swelling in the groin or belly button, or that is as

to the esophagus. Chronic reflux of acid into the esophagus may cause injury and bleeding. Anemia Difficulty swallowing Chron
nt or while lifting heavy objects Chronic constipation Western, fiber-depleted diet Obesity Chronic esophagitis Abdominal ascit

wel. Areas without such nerves can not push material through. This causes a blockage. Intestinal contents build up behind the

y dramatic and emotional Being overly sensitive to criticism or disapproval Believing that relationships are more intimate than
e less socially acceptable for women.Histrionic personality disorder usually begins in early adulthood.

y susceptible to these opportunistic infections. Some people with HIV infection remain without symptoms for years between th
ns and can enter your body through tiny cuts or sores in your skin, or in the lining of your vagina, penis, rectum, or mouth. By sh
g the disease People who received blood transfusion or clotting products between 1977 to 1985 as screening for HIV was not s
and cancers that most healthy adults would not get and so they must be very aware of any new diseases which their bodies ac
he amount of time people with HIV remain alive.Research continues in the areas of drug treatments and vaccine development.
er symptoms that may occur with this disease:Coughing, chest pains, or breathing problems if there are swollen lymph nodes in
is is an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Clinical data show that mononuclesis has a close relationship with Hod

with stage I or II Hodgkin's lymphoma survive for at least 10 years. If the disease has spread, the treatment may be more intens
eformities (pectus carinatum, pectus excavatum) Flush across the cheeks High arches of the feet Knock knees Long limbs Ment
Marfan syndrome, in which the joints tend to be "loose," in homocystinuria the joints tend to be "tight."

complications of the disease. For this reason, some states screen for homocystinuria in all newborns.Patients with persistent ri
ll feeling (malaise)Loss of appetiteNausea and vomitingSharp chest pain that gets worse with deep breathing or coughingShort
ent in a hospital are often more dangerous than those encountered in the community.Hospital-acquired pneumonia occurs mo

ymptoms and often have the most trouble breathing. In general, RSV symptoms include:Bluish skin color due to a lack of oxyge
ople of all ages. The virus spreads through tiny droplets that go into the air when a sick person blows their nose, coughs, or sne

disease Infants whose immune system does not work well Infants with certain forms of heart disease
acial movements, including grimaces Slow, uncontrolled movements Quick, sudden, sometimes wild jerking movements of the
ly, this section of DNA is repeated 10 to 35 times. But in persons with Huntington's disease, it is repeated 36 to 120 times.As th

fferently. The number of CAG repeats may determine the severity of symptoms. Persons with few repeats may have mild abnor
3 months of pregnancy Symptoms of hyperthyroidism:Heat intolerance Loose stools Rapid heart rate Restlessness, nervousne
some cases, hydatidiform moles may develop into invasive moles. These moles may grow so far into the uterine wall and cause

uid builds up in the scrotum, where it becomes trapped. This causes the scrotum to become swollen. Hydroceles normally go a

n, seek medical attention immediately.

that are constantly looking downOlder children:Headache Irritability Tantrums Constant tiredness Shrill cries Changes in ability
ed by the bloodstream but, when something goes wrong the CSF may begin to build up and put pressure on the brain.Many tim

to both physical and mental disabilities.

ndice Total body swelling
on, which leads to several problems, including total body swelling. Severe swelling can interfere with how the body organs work

ected person, it is possible for the worm's entire life cycle to be completed in the bowel, so infection can last for years.Hymeno

rionic gonadotropin), which is released by the placenta.Extreme nausea and vomiting during pregnancy can happen if you are p

coma and death.Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of t
emia. Side effect of inappropriate treatment for diabetes: When receiving overdose of insulin or diabetes medicine, or not eatin
very flexible eye lens, which helps make up for the problem. As aging occurs, glasses or contact lenses may be required to corr
If you have been diagnosed with farsightedness or suspect you may have farsightedness and you suddenly develop severe eye

ty changes Stupor and possibly coma Upper abdominal pain

w, the body responds by increasing production of parathyroid hormone. This increase in parathyroid hormone causes more cal

dults Headache Visual field loss or double vision Excessive sweating Hoarseness Galactorrhea Sleep apnea Carpal Tunnel syndro

bility. On the contrary, higher values within the reference range indicate incomplete removal of the adenoma. Postoperative se
do, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. In women, usual symptoms include decreases in menstruation or amenorrhea, galactorr

s or not. Visual field examination: For patients with abnormal visual fields, visual field examination by an ophthalmologist is nee

also have high levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). The reason for the rise in triglycerides and VLDL is not understood

ction of renin, similarly any adrenal gland disorders may lead to decrease production of aldosterone. Drugs leading top hypoald

an be fatal if not treated immediately.

atment. Untreated patients risk having increased blood potassium level which leads to abnormal electrical conduction in heart
or a short time at most, and then begin to worry about the same symptoms, or about new symptoms.Symptoms may shift and
ake them more likely to have this condition. As they focus on and worry about physical sensations, a cycle of symptoms and wo

d development during childhood Growth problems In adults: Sexual dysfunction, decreased beard and body hair, breast enlarge
ng, trauma, tumors, surgery, radiation therapy, genetic problems, infections, nutritional deficiencies, and hemochromatosis. Li

nails Anxiety or nervousness Headaches Depression Memory problems CataractsOther health problems may also cause these sy

he heart's electrical activity. It can detect arrhythmias associated with hypoparathyroidism. Urine calcium test: This test can sho

thyroidism)

ocated in or behind the scrotum.Males with this condition often have a downward curve (ventral curvature or chordee) of the

in women Infertility
 se medicines include:Birth control pills Cyclosporine Isotretinoin Minocycline Nalidixic acid Nitrofurantoin Phenytoin Steroids (s

w years), but other people have little worsening of the disease over time.The condition is believed to result from an inflammato

come inflamed.IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) is a form of mesangial proliferative nephritis.The disorder can appear sudde

ion of the disorder.About 25% of adults with IgA nephropathy develop end-stage kidney failure within about 25 years.

balances (such as decreased potassium levels) Complications of abdominal surgery Decreased blood supply to the bowel (mese

may be caused by:Complication of another disease Past blood transfusions Pregnancy (if the baby's blood type is different from

has been reported to occur as early as 6 days and as late as 1 year.

s of severe low blood sugar) Puffy face Reddish appearance Tremors or shaking shortly after birth
fants may have episodes of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) shortly after birth because of increased insulin. Insulin is a substanc
natal care, make an appointment with your health care provider or call the State Board of Health for instructions on how to ob
may take several months to get better.
asal flaring. Rapid breathing. Shallow breathing. Shortness of breath and grunting sounds while breathing. Unusual breathing m
ormally appears in fully developed lungs.Infant RDS can also be the result of genetic problems with lung development.The earlie

between days 2 and 7.Long-term complications may develop as a result of too much oxygen, high pressures delivered to the lu

g of the womb (uterus) The fertilized egg does not attach to the lining of the uterus The eggs cannot move from the ovaries to

he day (blood and mucus may be present) Fever Tenesmus Weight lossOther symptoms that may occur with ulcerative colitis in
ntire large intestine. Repeated swelling (inflammation) leads to thickening of the wall of the intestine and rectum with scar tiss

ile patients of IBD do have an increased risk of colorectal cancer this is usually caught much earlier than the general population
usea Vomiting Tiredness Runny nose Cough Muscle achesSomewhere between day 2 and day 4 of the illness, the "whole body
 ity Anyone with chronic heart, lung, or kidney conditions, diabetes, or a weakened immune systemIn most individuals who are

bout getting enough sleep. The more they try to sleep, the greater their sense of frustration and distress, and the more difficul
ical condition. Depression is a very common cause of secondary insomnia. Often, insomnia is the symptom that causes people

eople have different sleep requirements. Some do fine on 4 hours of sleep a night, while others only thrive if they get 10 - 11 ho

el drops too low, the pancreas stops making insulin until your blood sugar returns to normal. Tumors of the pancreas that prod

e, you may notice it while bathing or dressing, and then while eating or talking.Most people with this condition also have a dry
red, and the air sacs are not able to expand as much. As a result, not as much oxygen can get into your lungs, and therefore to
us. Your fingertips or the skin around your fingernails is blue.

reeclampsia or eclampsiaCongenital or chromosomal abnormalities are often associated with below-normal weight.Infections d

emely fragile. The blood vessels grow stronger after 30 weeks of pregnancy.IVH is more common in premature babies who hav

thinkingAs the anemia gets worse, symptoms may include:Blue color to the whites of the eyes Brittle nails Light-headedness w
s. Parts of your body then remove old blood cells.Iron is a key part of red blood cells. Without iron, the blood cannot carry oxyg

od cravings (called pica) Weakness

dy not being able to absorb iron very well, even though you're eating enough iron Long-term, slow blood loss: usually through m
with more ironIron deficiency anemia most commonly affects babies 9 - 24 months old. All babies should have a screening test
blood counts return to normal, or as your health care provider recommends. This will help the body rebuild its iron storage.Iron
rubin builds up in the body, jaundice may result.Jaundice can occur if:Too many red blood cells are dying or breaking down and

is used to tell the difference between primary and secondary hypogonadism and can indirectly determine the pituitary gland's

spot) SeizuresLate stage (full neurological syndrome):High-frequency hearing loss Mental retardation Muscle rigidity Speech di
some cases when there are extremely high levels of bilirubin in the body or the baby is extremely ill, the substance will move o

bloodstream infection.
h perirenal abscess. Other risk factors for perirenal abscess include:Diabetes Having an abnormal urinary tract Trauma

nexplained weight lossEdema of ankles and legsOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell

Hogg-Dube syndrome Hereditary renal oncocytomaLifestyle-related and job-related risk factorsSmoking: Tobacco use increases
ood in the urine Chills Fever Nausea Vomiting
empties into the bladder. When this happens, the stones can block the flow of urine out of the kidneys. This causes swelling o

air Small, firm testicles Small penis Tall height

X. Males normally have an X and a Y chromosome (written as XY).Klinefelter's syndrome is one of a group of sex chromosome p

complications. The counselor will also be familiar with local and national support groups.An endocrinologist and infertility spec

word deafness." The auditory agnosia may occur slowly or very quickly. Parents often think that the child is developing a heari
hile many of the affected individuals have seizures, some do not.

occur. The prognosis is improved when the onset of the disorder is after age 6 and when speech therapy is started early. Seizu
ard time understanding what other people have said Problems following directions that are spoken to them Problems organizi
has symptoms of a language disorder.When the cause is unknown, it is called a developmental language disorder.Problems wit
urologist or children's developmental specialist to determine if the cause can be treated.Call your child's health care provider i
have language problems during the preschool years will also have some language problems or learning difficulty later in childho

igh-pitched voice Reduced or normal intelligence Delayed bone age Delayed menstruation onset in girls Small penis in boys De

ovocative GH test. The doctor will manage the test and explain the results to you. Blood glucose and lipid test: It may show hyp

Unintentional weight loss

d neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life.After treatment, patients g

common form of laryngitis is an infection caused by a virus. It may also be caused by:Allergies Bacterial infection Bronchitis Com

Unintentional weight loss

d neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life.After treatment, patients g
iscomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Headache Joint pain Lack of coordination (ataxia) Loss of energy Muscle aches and
e cases are caused by other Legionella species. Spread of the bacteria from person to person has not been proven. Most infecti
weaken the immune system, including cancer Long-term (chronic) lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

HematemesisBlack, tarry stoolsUnusual vaginal bleedingOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor c
 ctivitis Enlarged lymph glands Enlarged spleen or liver Joint aches Muscle rigidity Muscle tenderness Skin rash Sore throat
ntercourse, breast milk, or from a mother to her unborn child.Risk factors include:Occupational exposure -- farmers, ranchers, s
e been found in cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, rodents, and wild animals. Humans become infected through contact with water, foo

arre, sinuous movements and increased deep tendon reflexes. A striking feature of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is self-destructive b
ycle purines. Without it, abnormally high levels of uric acid build up in the body.The condition affects about 1 in 380,000 peopl

arre, sinuous movements and increased deep tendon reflexes. A striking feature of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is self-destructive b
ycle purines. Without it, abnormally high levels of uric acid build up in the body.The condition affects about 1 in 380,000 peopl

s)Additional symptoms include:Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough Headache Exce
may spread to your lungs. You may breathe some of these germs directly into your lungs. You breathe in (inhale) food, liquids, v
gical conditions) Chronic lung disease (COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis) Cerebral palsy Other serious illnesses, such as heart
sweats or unexplained weight loss Signs of pneumonia and weak immune system, as with HIV or chemotherapyInfants with pne
m does not work well People with other, serious medical problems such as diabetes or cirrhosis of the liverYour doctor may wa
d in vomitus Abdominal pain Urinary disturbances Breathing difficulties

treated with radiation. Genetics: Some genetic diseases may increase the risk of developing liposarcoma, like the following.Ne
t areas. It is usually done in case the tumor is in chest, abdomen or limbs or bones. It helps to understand whether tumor has d
sis, or even shockDifficulty breathingDIfficult to speakChest painNot able to move limbPain or loss of sensation in and around th
ead outside the locationWhether the sarcoma has just been diagnosed or has recurredWhether or not the tumor can be remov
ure inside the skull (due to meningitis) possibly causing suture separationLate-onset infection in the infant (symptoms appear a
n prevent Listeria infection by avoiding certain high-risk foods and by handling food properly.The bacterium has been found in
et sick.The following groups are at increased risk: Pregnant women: About one in seven (14%) cases of Listeria infection occurs

sons with other serious medical problems.

mages the liverThe most common bacteria that cause liver abscesses are:BacteroidesEnterococcusEscherichia coliKlebsiella pne

e Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia Feeling very tired all the time Weight loss with no known causeMost often these
oking is the leading cause of lung cancer.The more cigarettes you smoke per day and the earlier you started smoking, the great
garettes, pipes, or cigars can cause lung cancer and why secondhand smoke can cause lung cancer in nonsmokers. The more a

ether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred

g or deleted part of chromosomes. Acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum occur as a sequele of chronic lymphatic obstructio
nodes on one or both sides; it may also affect lymph nodes around the rectum in those who have anal intercourse Drainage thro
than that which causes genital chlamydia.
ain risk factor is having multiple sexual partners.

me, doctors can't determine why a person gets non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

ease but it certainly increases your chances as compared to general population.Risk factors for lymphoma are as under:Age Ge
sion loss from this disease. Although specific symptoms vary by whether the form is dry or wet, both forms cause no pain.Mor

f getting macular degeneration, but this risk increased to nearly 30% in those over age 75.Other risk factors include:Smoking: S

oss.Although macular degeneration can cause people to lose the ability to read, drive a car, and recognize faces that are not ve
Symptoms of depression can include:Agitation, restlessness, and irritability Dramatic change in appetite, often with weight gain
of depression run in families. But depression can also occur if you have no family history of the illness. Anyone can develop dep
a week: 1-800-SUICIDE or 1-800-999-9999.Call your doctor right away if:You hear voices that are not there. You have frequent c
ted episodes of depression, quick and ongoing treatment may be needed to prevent more severe, long-term depression. Some
ough energy to do usual activities.
ONG-TERM (CHRONIC) INFECTIOUS DISEASEAIDS Chronic active hepatitis Disease caused by parasites TuberculosisHEART AND L

lls and shivering Hot stage - characterized by fever, headaches, and seizures, frequently experienced by children Sweating stag
been known to infect humans:Plasmodium falciparum P. vivax P. ovale P. malariaeP. knowlesi - a recently recognized type of m
nsfusions. Malaria may also be transmitted from an infected mother to her infant before or during delivery.People who are hea
home (for up to 1 year). For this reason, is essential that individuals report travel history to their health-care provider.

MSUD can damage the brain during times of physical stress (such as infection, fever, or not eating for a long time).MSUD also oc

ealthy adulthood.
of poisonings may be much greater. Toxic seafood poisonings are more common in the summer than winter because dinoflagel
er or enlarged lymph nodes in armpit on the same side
is swelling pushes on the milk ducts. The result is pain and lumps in the infected breast.

osterior ear pain Unusual irritability Difficulty sleeping Tugging or pulling at one or both ears Fever Fluid draining from the ear L
esent predominantly seen in non-acute mastoiditis.
Recent ear infection Recent illness of any type (lowers resistance of the body to infection)Immune systems are not fully develo
may indicate a ruptured eardrum Symptoms worsen New symptoms appear, especially severe headache, dizziness, swelling a
apy of acute otitis media. However mastoiditis has not been eradicated completely and may give rise to sever complicationsCo
 uble swallowing Breathing problems Continuous coughOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor c

entists has proven that radiation exposure is a risk factor for follicular thyroid cancer. Such radiation includes medical treatmen

doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and

er has just been diagnosed or has recurred The patient’s general health
s of appetite Pale skin Problems concentrating Shortness of breath, mostly during exercise Swollen, red tongue or bleeding gum
osis The anticonvulsant drug dilantin

ecent or new events, passed or remote events, or both. The amnesia may be only for specific events or for all events. The prob

sNeurological deficitsBehavioral changesLoss of the sense of smellOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only

show the disorder neurofibromatosis type 2 increases the risk of meningioma and other brain tumors.Female hormones: As a

initial treatment.
evelop gradually over a period of days. Symptoms caused by fungal meningitis and non-infectious meningitis may develop relati
meningitidis and mycobacteria. Virus: Mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster virus. Fungi: Patinets a

f patients who have AIDS, leukemia, or other forms of immunodeficient diseases and immunosuppression is poor.

ne, skin, hair, and blood vessels and interfere with nerve function. Copper also builds up in the small intestine and kidneys.Men

truation finally ends completely. Before this, the cycle length may shorten to as little as every 3 weeks.Common symptoms of m
se are caused by changes in estrogen and progesterone levels. The ovaries make less of these hormones over time. The specific

ncer of the uterus Uterine fibroids, uterine polyps (small noncancerous growths in the lining of the uterus), adenomyosis Medi
ur periods have been heavy or prolonged for three or more cycles, compared to what is normal for you. You have a fever or abn
. Mild retardation may be associated with a lack of curiosity and quiet behavior. Severe mental retardation is associated with in
skills do not seem to be developing, or are developing at a far slower rate than the child's peers.Failure to adapt (adjust to new

eating Fatigue Weight loss Trouble swallowingMesothelioma that affects the peritoneum can cause:Abdominal pain Ascites or
do not believe smoking itself is a cause of this condition.Malignant mesothelioma affects men more often than women. The av
related to asbestos. Data suggest that they are related to the development of mesothelioma. Radiation: During the past, thoro
nal pain Abdominal distension Palpitation Hypotension, even shock

SeizuresSymptoms of hemoglobin M disease include:Bluish coloring of the skinSymptoms of acquired methemoglobinemia inc
he parents usually do not have the condition themselves, but they carry the gene that causes the condition. It occurs when the
ll once the drug, food, or chemical that caused the problem is identified and avoided.
cause occasional spotting) Ectopic pregnancy Miscarriage Other pregnancy complications Vaginal dryness due to lack of estrog

e include infections, genetic disorders, and severe malnutrition.Genetic conditions that cause microcephaly include: Cornelia d

en observed. Clusters of cases in several countries are being investigated.We don’t know for certain where the virus came from
cent travel.

e head. Headache of migraine usually is aggravated by regular activities. Nausea with or without vomiting Sensitivity to light and
r female patients with migraines, the trigger is associated with menstruation cycle. They may also change during pregnancy or m
The headache starts very suddenlyAlso, call your doctor if:Your headache patterns or pain change Treatments that once worke

Abdominal swelling Chills Joint pain Pale skin due to anemia (pallor) Swollen glandsNote: The symptoms will depend upon the
ngs.The usual site of TB is the lungs, but other organs can be involved. In the U.S., most people with primary tuberculous get be

a few hours, possibly as long as 24-48 hours Usually sharp, cramping, distinctive pain Severe (rare) May switch sides from mont
the ovary, causing pain. At the time of ovulation: fluid or blood is released from the ruptured egg follicle and may cause irritati

ely to become pregnant just before ovulation, on the day of ovulation, or immediately after ovulation.
th the formation of a central crust. Within 2-4 weeks, the rash resolves by scabbing over.
irect contact with lesions or bodily fluids. Human-to-human: The virus can be acquired through close physical contact with infe
ve bite or scratch that breaks the skin).

aise, general discomfort Enlarged lymph nodes (more common in children) Enlarged spleen Enlarged liver (more common in ad
ng after having been exposed to the virus and any acute symptoms are gone, people still carry the virus. They are typically not a
untries, almost everyone is exposed at a very young age, so mononucleosis exists mostly in developed countries.

ome women have nausea and vomiting through their entire pregnancy.Morning sickness does not hurt the baby in any way unle
d can be worse with twins or triplets.
pounds. You vomit blood or material that looks like coffee grounds. (Call immediately.) You vomit more than 3 times per day o
e cramping Sharp, shooting, or burning pains in the ball of your foot (and sometimes toes)In rare cases, nerve pain occurs in the
unions and hammer toes High foot arches Tight shoes and high heels

ting, or on hormones, are more likely to have motion sickness. People who get migraine headaches are prone to motion sickne

te a malignancy
ties Mental retardation

s of TB disease of the lungs may also include:Coughing Chest pain Coughing up bloodSymptoms of TB disease in other parts of
ealth-care providers prescribe the wrong treatment, the wrong dose, or length of time for taking the drugs When the supply of
d where drug-resistant TB is common Have spent time with someone known to have drug-resistant TB diseaseTuberculosis bac
hen did this contact occur. When you experience some of the previously described symptoms.

sistances and ensure a better outcome.

rokes.The early symptoms of dementia can include:Difficulty performing tasks that used to come easily, such as balancing a che
s of small strokes.A stroke is an interruption in or blockage of the blood supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is sometimes c
for each problem are very similar, and MID may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.

eved by antacids, milk, or food Decreased sexual interest Fatigue Headache Lack of menstrual periods (in women) Loss of appe
and women equally. A family history of this disorder raises your risk.

alcium in the blood, and pituitary dysfunction usually respond well to appropriate treatment.

usion Bone fractures

mber of tests, medical procedures and operations Odd collection of seemingly unrelated symptoms No conclusive results desp
oblems Difficulty distinguishing reality from fantasy Ability to lie and manipulate A history of mental problems such as depressio

as nursing.
ld's urine or stool, withholding food, falsifying fevers, secretly giving the child drugs to make the child throw up or have diarrhe

flicted, as well as psychiatric care to deal with depression, anxiety, and other conditions that can be provoked by child abuse.S

ll's palsy Cerebral palsy Guillain-Barre syndrome Multiple sclerosis Pinched nerve (for example, caused by a slipped disk in the s

ss. However, for a definite diagnosis, the organism has to be cultured from the infection site or, in severe cases, from a blood cu
products, including medical devices.

edisposing conditions, the course of the disease is slowly progressive and indolent. Whereas, when the pulmonary infection is a
h) Headache Sore throatLess common symptoms include:Ear pain Eye pain or soreness Muscle aches and joint stiffness Neck lu
en more in school-aged children.People at highest risk for mycoplasma pneumonia include those living or working in crowded
type of pneumonia and your symptoms become worse.

swelling Frequent infections Dry cough Skin nodules Itchy skin

fection) Platelets (which help your blood clot)Scarring of the bone marrow means the marrow is not able to make enough bloo

eople may survive for decades.

he amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Whether there are certain changes in the chromosomes.
owing Gagging Stiff movements that improve when they are repeated Shortness of breath or tightening of the chest at the begi
cles to relax. Abnormal repeated electrical discharges occur in the muscles, causing a stiffness called myotonia.

may change Noises or ringing in the ear (tinnitus) Sudden episodes of complete disorientation that causes the person to fall dow
and maintain your balance. The labyrinth has two parts: the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The membranous l

ervix. The bump is called a nabothian cyst.

M start about 5 days (range 1 to 7 days) after infection. The initial symptoms may include headache, fever, nausea, or vomiting

ningitis include: Bodies of warm freshwater, such as lakes and rivers Geothermal (naturally hot) water, such as hot springs Warm

ccupied with fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence, or ideal love Have unreasonable expectations of favorable treat

ut may occur while driving, talking to someone, or during other situations. You wake up feeling refreshed.Dream-like hallucina
ss of this protein is unclear.Narcolepsy tends to run in families.Conditions that cause insomnia, such as disrupted work schedule

orders can improve symptoms of narcolepsy.

s the gastrointestinal tract. Bacteria in the intestine may also be a cause.This disorder usually develops in an infant that is alrea

the gastrointestinal tract. Bacteria in the intestine may also be a cause.This disorder usually develops in an infant that is alread

al cord Diabetes in the baby's birth mother Inherited diseases Not enough oxygen reaching body tissues (hypoxia) Twin-twin tra
delay should contact their health care provider.
asal flaring. Rapid breathing. Shallow breathing. Shortness of breath and grunting sounds while breathing. Unusual breathing m
ormally appears in fully developed lungs.Infant RDS can also be the result of genetic problems with lung development.The earlie

between days 2 and 7.Long-term complications may develop as a result of too much oxygen, high pressures delivered to the lu
the eyes (jaundice)
before or during delivery. The following increases an infant's risk of early-onset sepsis:Group B streptococcus infection during
an the lower limb), sensory deficits in dermatomal origin and pain in the neck, back and upper extremity that is most frequentl
croscopically invade blood vessels to reach the subarachnoid space through the systemic arterial circulation or by the Batsons v
ong the histologic subtypes of breast cancer, loblular carcinoma demonstrated the highest prevalence for neoplastic meningiti

months for non-small cell lung cancer and 2 to 4 months for melanoma. Factors affecting the prognosis of patients with neoplas
her symptoms that may occur include:Blurred vision General aches and pains (joint pain, muscle aches) General ill feeling (mala
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritisFrequent causes in adults include:Abdominal abscesses Infective endocarditis Klebsiella

al.Children tend to do better than adults and usually recover completely. Only rarely do they develop complications or progress
tional) from fluid retention Poor appetite High blood pressurePatients that experience any of the above signs and symptoms sh
normality. Such is the case in Minimal change kidney disease seen in children. Primary causes of nephrotic syndrome are usual
h urination, or decreased urine output.Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if convulsio

mach, abdominal pain, and decreased appetite in young child. Bone pain or soreness, black eyes, bruises, and pale skin Weakne

neurosyphilis:Asymptomatic (most common form) General paresis Meningovascular Tabes dorsalisAsymptomatic neurosyphili

der and occur in late childhood or adolescence. Abdominal swelling may occur in early childhood, but there is almost no brain a
does not work properly, sphingomyelin builds up inside cells. This leads to cell death and makes it hard for organs to work prop
sease, includingDevelopmental problems Feeding problems Poor weight gain
s after entering school may live into their mid-to-late teens, with a few surviving into the 20s.
copper, lead, cis-platinum) Nitrites Nitrofurantoin Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Rho immune globulin (WinRho) Ribavirin Snake b
and face Loss of appetite or weight loss Fatigue
micals or materials can also increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Such chemicals include:Asbestos Chemicals such as uran
rapy has been shown to prolong life and improve the quality of life in some patients with stage IV non small cell lung cancer. Cu

ndotoxemia - The presence of endotoxins in the blood which may cause hemorrhages, necrosis of the kidneys, and shock. Mito

ss swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groinOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doc
as may develop in people with weakened immune systems. For example, the risk of lymphoma increases after an organ transpl
eased risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Autoimmune diseases: Some autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, system

er. Symptoms of gastroenteritis caused by noroviruses can include:Nausea Abdominal cramps Vomiting Diarrhea Headache Fati
earchers learn how frequently they make people sick. Norovirus infections are implicated in newsworthy descriptions of outbr
rs and feel a sense of urgency about their actions. They may become very upset if other people interfere with their rigid routin

personality disorders.However, the social isolation and difficulty handling anger that are common with this illness may lead to f
and the compulsion to repeatedly wash the hands to ward off infection.The person usually recognizes that the behavior is exce
mpulsive disorder. Environmental factors also play a role in causing OCD. About 20% of people with OCD have tics, which sugg
e diagnosed and treated as early as possible. Oncocytosis is one such condition.

y lack of oxygen Daytime drowsiness Fatigue Lethargy Morning headaches Swelling of the ankles Waking up from sleep unreste
n.The cause of primary alveolar hypoventilation is unknown. Some patients have a specific genetic defect.The disease mainly aff

ease Growth hormone deficiency (occasionally) Glutaric aciduria and organic acidemias (forms of chemical poisoning) Krabbe D

ouchy or easily annoyedTo fit this diagnosis, the pattern must last for at least 6 months and must be more than normal childhoo
and gender biases.This behavior typically starts by age 8, but it may start as early as the preschool years.This disorder is thoug

ndness May be a loss of peripheral vision or vision loss may be more generalThe patient may show symptoms of diencephalic s

However, in adults and some childhood cases where the optic chiasm is involved, the tumor behaves aggressively.
e tumor is advanced) Usually smallAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:Abnormal taste in the mouth
ous cell carcinomas. These are malignant and tend to spread rapidly.Smoking and other tobacco use are associated with 70 - 80

diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer greatly increases the chances of survival.
nced at the time the cancer is detected. By the time of diagnosis, most have spread to the throat or neck.Approximately 25% of

ur immune system is weaker, the fungus can grow, leading to sores (lesions) in your mouth and on your tongue. The following c
t thrush in the mouth (oral thrush) because the extra sugar in your saliva acts like food for candida. Taking high doses of antibio
g. You have symptoms of thrush and you are HIV positive, receiving chemotherapy, or take medications to suppress your immu
m outlook is dependent on your immune status and the cause of the immune deficit.

discomfort Painful or difficult eye movements Shiny, red or purple eyelid

oung children up to age 6 - 7. However, such infection is now rare because of the HiB (Haemophilus influenzae B) vaccine.The b

ematoma) ConcussionBreathing conditions:Low oxygen in the body (hypoxia) High carbon dioxide levels in the body (hypercapn

Unintentional weight loss

 d neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life.After treatment, patients g

causes osteomyelitis can also start in another part of the body and spread to the bone through the blood. A current or past inju

look for those with an infection of an orthopedic prosthesis depends, in part, on:The patient's health The type of infection Wh
hological fracture).Bone fracture (may occur after what seems like a routine movement) Bone pain Limitation of motion Limpin
r risk of later developing post-radiation (after radiation) osteosarcoma. Certain bone diseases: Some bone diseases such as Pag

a include the following:Facial paralysis Difficulty opening mouth Difficulty swallowing

h and damage the skin of the ear canal. Growth of the bone in the ear canal from persistent water pressure (also known as sur
traumatic physical injury to the ear, such as a blunt impact. People with narrow ear canals. For malignant otitis externa, people

s depending on the extent of infection and damage caused to the skull bones and nerves.
g Tugging or pulling at one or both ears Fever Fluid draining from the ear Loss of balance Unresponsiveness to quiet sounds or
uring teething Infected or overgrown adenoids Tobacco smoke or other irritantsRisk factors for ear infections include the follow
ty with other infants and young children in settings such as schools or daycares, etc. Those with consistent exposure to air pollu
d eardrum Symptoms worsen New symptoms appear, especially severe headache, dizziness, swelling around the ear, or twitch
s from otitis media, including meningitis and mastoiditis (infections of the brain and bones around the skull, respectively) can le

brating in response to sound waves. Such vibrations are needed in order for you to hear. Otosclerosis is the most common caus

after surgery. Avoid people with respiratory or other infections. Avoid bending, lifting, or straining, which may cause dizziness.
dsOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms
cer. Reproductive history: Clinical survey suggests that women who have had children have a lower risk of ovarian cancer than

d or has recurred The patient’s general health

rsion) of the Fallopian tubeSymptoms of ovarian cysts can include:Bloating or swelling in the abdomen Pain during bowel move
forms a cyst.This is called a follicular cyst.Another type of cyst, called a corpus luteum cyst, occurs after an egg has been releas
at least 2 weeks:Getting full quickly when eating Losing your appetite Losing weight without trying

y, involves the whole ovary, or has spread to other places in the body) The way the cancer cells look under a microscope The p
eight gain (more than 10 pounds in 3 - 5 days) Severe pain or swelling in the abdomen Decreased urination Shortness of breath
denly become very swollen and fluid can leak into the belly and chest area. This is called ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (O

rm the pancreas. Each part has a tube, called a duct. When the parts join together, a final duct called the pancreatic duct is form

jaundice Weakness Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Weight lossThese symptoms are not sure signs of pancreatic cancer.
h has shown that people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop pancreatic cancer. A risk factor is anyth
for signs of jaundice. The doctor then feels the abdomen to check for changes in the area near the pancreas, liver, and gallblad

flashes or chills Nausea or other stomach distress Numbness or tingling Racing heart (palpitations) Shortness of breath Sweating
ack.Anyone can develop a panic disorder, but it usually starts around age 25.Panic disorder is more common in women than m

pe may be difficult (such as being in a crowd or traveling in a car or bus).A person with panic disorder often lives in fear of anoth
r is twice as common in women as in men. Symptoms usually begin before age 25, but may occur in the mid 30s. Although pan

the throat/neck Vocal hoarseness Difficulty swallowing Swollen lymph nodes

oid cancer. Radiation therapy was commonly used in the 1950's to treat skin disorders and enlarged thymus gland, adenoids, a
nts over the age of 45-years

h and shortness of breath. Symptoms of papilloma in breast may be bloody nipple discharge, pain and lump in breast. Vulvar pa

s disorder have trouble seeing that their distrustfulness is out of proportion to their environment.Common symptoms include:C
rs may play a role, as well.The condition appears to be more common in men.

condition may spend a lot of time thinking about how to protect themselves from the person or people they believe are trying
retracted foreskin over the head of the penis Painful swelling at the end of the penis Pain in the penis
males, and those who may not have been correctly or completely circumcised, are at risk.

ty changes Stupor and possibly coma Upper abdominal pain

w, the body responds by increasing production of parathyroid hormone. This increase in parathyroid hormone causes more cal

Muscle weakness Nausea Poor appetite Vomiting

ache, malaise, and anorexia are nearly universal. Liver and spleen enlargement can be seen. A transient, macular rash of rose-co

urs when the person is awake and sitting or standing still, and subsides when the person moves the affected body part. Rigidity
ethanol Medications: Antipsychotics, metoclopramide, phenothiazine, overdose of anesthesia drugs
heck of thyroid function, liver function, kidney function, glucose levels, even the presence of any toxins. Imaging studies such as

rs or salivary gland stones. A chronic disease that can cause parotitis is Sjögren's Syndrome.
acco, or have poor oral hygiene.
eft in the iris (coloboma) Low-set ears Mental retardation, severe Scalp defects (missing skin) Seizures Single palmar crease Ske

ng may be difficult to see, unless there are a lot of them.

cularly among school children. Head lice are more common in close, overcrowded living conditions. You can get head lice if you
hygiene or low social status. Having head lice causes intense itching, but does not lead to serious medical problems. Unlike bod

ool or child-care center, every child at that location should be examined for head lice. This can help prevent further spreading.
ccur with PID:Bleeding after intercourse Chills Fatigue Frequent or painful urination Increased menstrual cramping Irregular me
alled a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the two bacteria that cause most cases of PID. Howeve

ay not be total) Weakness of the face, or dizziness (in more severe cases)
oud noise close to the ear, such as a gunshot A rapid change in ear pressure, which may occur when flying, scuba diving, or drivi
r hearing loss Have very bad pain or a loud ringing in your ear Have an object in your ear that does not come out Have any symp
and dizziness
sNote: Early symptoms resemble gingivitis.
th to become loose and eventually fall out. Periodontitis is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults. This disorder is uncommon
nce to infection also increase susceptibility to periodontitis.

ral hygiene for your entire life or the disorder may return.
e feelings often start in your toes and feet. You may have deep pain. This often happens in the feet and legs. You may lose feel
ur nerves.Other health conditions that may cause neuropathy are:Autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus

ted, your outlook may be excellent. But sometimes, nerve damage can be permanent, even if the cause is treated. Long-term (c
etite Pale skin Problems concentrating Shortness of breath, mostly during exercise Swollen, red tongue or bleeding gums Nerv
ial protein called intrinsic factor, which is released by cells in the stomach. The combination of vitamin B12 bound to intrinsic fa
esticular dysfunction Vitiligo Scandinavian or Northern European descent

disease cough violently and rapidly, over and over, until the air is gone from their lungs and they're forced to inhale with a loud
ot even know they have the disease.

mmon childhood diseases and a major cause of childhood deaths in the U.S. There are fewer cases today because there are bo
Unintentional weight loss

d neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life.After treatment, patients g

ommon bacteria that cause sore throats include corynebacterium, arcanobacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Chlamydia pn

muscles or actions, or rapid heart rate.The person avoids situations in which contact with the feared object or animal may occur
on phobias include the fear of:Blood, injections, and other medical procedures Certain animals (for instance, dogs or snakes) En
y, may trigger the unusual cravings.Pica may also occur in adults who crave a certain texture in their mouth.

es can help doctors tell Pick's disease apart from Alzheimer’s. Memory loss is often the main, and earliest, symptom of Alzheim
ut some people with Pick's disease have an abnormal amount or type of this protein.The exact cause of the abnormal form of t

ng, also increase the risk.

om acute adrenal insufficiencyLess commonly, pituitary dysfunction may appear more slowly. In Sheehan syndrome, for examp

w blood pressure (which can cause fainting) Nausea VomitingBe especially concerned if you develop these symptoms and you

but can start again days or weeks later.There may be uterine cramping with the bleeding.Labor sometimes starts within severa
imester, the placenta should be near the top of the uterus, leaving the opening of the cervix clear for the delivery.Sometimes, t

or organs, such as the lungs, have developed.Most complications can be avoided by hospitalizing a mother who is having symp

mniotic fluid or after a first twin is delivered)Placental abruption, which includes any amount of placental separation before del
the baby's death are linked to high blood pressure) History of placenta abruptio Increased uterine distention (may occur with m
the emergency room if you are pregnant and have vaginal bleeding and severe abdominal pain or contractions during your pre
concealed) uterine bleeding in pregnancy No laborFetal distress occurs early in the condition in about half of all cases.Infants w
cause fluid to collect inside the chest cavity. This can make breathing difficult and may cause the following symptoms:Bluish ski
ated disease Certain cancers Chest trauma Pulmonary embolus Rheumatic diseases

ugh -- often mild and dry Fever Rapid breathing Shortness of breath -- especially with activity (exertion)
r Chronic use of corticosteroids or other medications that weaken the immune system HIV/AIDS Organ or bone marrow transp
r Chronic use of corticosteroids or other medications that weaken the immune system HIV/AIDS Organ or bone marrow transp

f corticosteroids has decreased death.

s)Additional symptoms include:Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough Headache Exce
may spread to your lungs. You may breathe some of these germs directly into your lungs. You breathe in (inhale) food, liquids, v
gical conditions) Chronic lung disease (COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis) Cerebral palsy Other serious illnesses, such as heart
sweats or unexplained weight loss Signs of pneumonia and weak immune system, as with HIV or chemotherapyInfants with pne
m does not work well People with other, serious medical problems such as diabetes or cirrhosis of the liverYour doctor may wa
heart rate Bluish color of the skin caused by lack of oxygenSymptoms may begin during rest or sleep.Other symptoms that can o
g that is filled with air, called a bleb, ruptures, and the air leaks into the space around the lung.Certain activities may lead to a c

Slight fever Sore throat VomitingPeople with subclinical polio infection might not have symptoms, or these may last 72 hours o
h and nose, multiplies in the throat and intestinal tract, and then is absorbed and spread through the blood and lymphatic syst
ant women, and the elderly. The disease is more common in the summer and fall. Between 1840 and the 1950s, polio was a wo
 lvement is a medical emergency that may result in paralysis or death (usually from respiratory difficulties). Disability is more co
mach, back, thumbs, or toes (hirsutism) Ovarian cysts Acne, oily skin, or dandruff Weight gain or obesity, usually carrying extra
be linked to PCOS. Insulin is a hormone that controls the change of sugar, starches, and other food into energy for the body to

, and premature delivery in women with PCOS. Researchers are studying how the diabetes medicine metformin can prevent or
uch as problems getting pregnant. Also, talk to our doctor about getting tested for diabetes regularly. Eating right, exercising, an
us system (neurological) problems, such as anencephaly and myotonic dystrophy A variety of other causes, such as poorly cont
welling Weight loss Palms Redness Testicular shrinkage in men Breast enlargement in men Bloody stool
amilial cases Fatty liver SchistosomiasisCongestive heart failure Inherited thrombophilias Sickle cell disease
hood Family history of hereditary liver disease

e lifetime. Approximately 60% of patients with cirrhosis develop ascites in 10 years. The presence of variceal bleeding, spontan
ent Strong, uncomfortable reactions to situations that remind you of the eventAvoidanceEmotional "numbing" or feeling as th
who were involved, in people who saw the disaster, and in people who lost relatives and friends.Veterans returning home from
way if:You feel overwhelmed You are thinking of hurting yourself or anybody else You are unable to control your behavior You h

gs of worthlessness or guilt Feeling withdrawn or unconnected Lack of pleasure or interest in most or all activities Loss of conce
ncy and delivery Changes in work and social relationships Having less time and freedom for yourself Lack of sleep Worries abou
t the pregnancy Had depression, bipolar disorder (for example, manic depression), or an anxiety disorder before your pregnanc
asks at work or at home You cannot care for yourself or your baby You have thoughts of harming yourself or your baby You dev

ities Slow mental development Small for gestational age Undescended testicles in the male infant Very small hands and feet in
me. The remaining patients frequently have two copies of the mother's chromosome 15.

rth weight than a full-term infant. Common physical signs of prematurity include:Body hair (lanugo) Abnormal breathing patter
ause of preterm labor is unknown. Multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.) makes up about 15% of all premature births.Health
mpsia: the development of high blood pressure and protein in the urine after the 20th week of pregnancy Premature rupture o
e programs that provide prenatal care to mothers, whether or not they have insurance or are able to pay.
ve.&Prematurity can have long-term effects. Many premature infants have medical, developmental, or behavioral problems th
d function, such as muscle hypotonia, fatigue and cold intolerance. Addison’s disease, such as fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of
ted with premature ovarian failure, such as Turner's syndrome and fragile X syndrome. Toxins: Toxins, such as chemotherapy, r

few days after the period starts.Five or more of the following symptoms must be present to diagnose PMDD, including one moo
with this condition have:Anxiety Major depression Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)Other factors that may play a role include:

he first half of the menstrual cycle)It is important to keep a daily diary or log to record the type of symptoms you have, how se
biological, and psychological factors.The condition is estimated to affect up to 75% of women during their childbearing years.It

d are on medications for diabetes, thyroid disease, seizures, or high blood pressure. Notify your health care provider if you are
Problems telling apart certain sounds such as "s" or "th" More difficulty understanding people with higher-pitched voices Ringi
earing loss caused by hair cell damage is permanent.There is no known single cause of age-related hearing loss. Most common
ve a sudden change in your hearing or hearing loss with other symptoms such as headache, vision changes, or dizziness.
olated. Hearing loss can be managed so that you can continue to live a full and active life.

e infected when water containing Naegleria fowleri enters the nose, usually while swimming. People do not get infected by dr
clude diving or jumping into the water, submerging the head under water, or engaging in other water-related activities that cau

ng-term bile obstruction is believed to lead to liver cirrhosis. The disease may be associated with autoimmune disorders such a

tical model to predict the best time to do the transplant.

ss swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groinOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doc
as may develop in people with weakened immune systems. For example, the risk of lymphoma increases after an organ transpl
eased risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Autoimmune diseases: Some autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, system

oney to gamble Feeling restless or irritable when trying to cut back or quit gambling Gambling to escape problems or feelings o
lthough it shares features of obsessive compulsive disorder, pathological gambling is likely a different condition.In people who

e right treatment.
dy gait (walking pattern) Mild-to-moderate dementiaDifficulty using knowledge Forgetfulness Indifference (apathy) Slowed tho
re located. Also affected is an area of the brain that controls steadiness when you walk. The frontal lobes of the brain are also a
e person at home.

a (blood in the urine) Hematospermia (blood in the seminal fluid) Pain or burning during urination (much less common)Other h

Men who abuse alcohol Farmers Men who eat a diet high in fat, especially animal fat Tire plant workers Painters Men who hav

ved by surgery Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred
s.Urinary symptoms include:Blood in the urine Burning or pain with urination (dysuria) Difficulty starting to urinate or emptying
a and gonorrhea. STDs are more likely to occur from:Certain sexual practices, such as having anal sex without wearing a condom
ystoscopy, or prostate biopsy (removing a piece of tissue to look for cancer)Men age 50 or older who have an enlarged prostate

hin skin with easy bruising and wide, purplish striae Hypertension Increased appetite, weight gain Depression, or mood swings,

24-hour period and tested for cortisol. Patients with pseudo-Cushing's syndrome may show moderately increased in the 24-ho

t manner and is also called Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. Besides signs in type 1b and type 2, patients with type 1a may
dism produce the right amount of PTH, but the body is "resistant" to its effect. This causes low blood calcium levels and high blo

associated with this condition are ampicillin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, and cephalosporins.Pseudomembranous colitis is

e eyes, sunken soft spots on top of head in infants, rapid pulse, confusion, excessive tiredness)

rrots, parakeets, and budgerigars, although other birds have also caused the disease.
 per legs. short fingers, often with a wide separation between the middle and ring fingers. Weight that is inappropriate for the h
n as the "fight or flight" response, decreaseing the production of growth hormone (GH), resulting in dyspepsia of nutrients and

people with psychogenic dwarfism to address challenges in educational, work and social settings.
een unrelated topics (disordered thinking)
rkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and certain chromosomal disorders HIV and other infections that affect the brain Some

ent with antipsychotic medications to control symptoms.

gain weight or weight loss Wave-like motion of the abdomen shortly after feeding and just before vomiting occurs Vomiting Pe

hing the stomach area. An ultrasound of the abdomen may be the first imaging test performed. Other tests that may be done in
g Unintentional weight loss Weakness Yellow skin (jaundice)

ust or droplets in the air that are contaminated with animal feces, blood, or birth products. Symptoms usually develop 2 to 3 w

in moving the limbs Unable to feel anything below the damaged area, or pain in the arms, legs, back, and other areas Loss of co

3 months. The disease progresses acutely from a nonspecific, prodromal phase with fever and vague symptoms, to a neurologic

of the time Pain in the rectal area, especially during bowel movementsOther symptoms can include:Loss of appetite Nausea an

ng-term (chronic) enteritis is rarely curable.

ng-term (chronic) enteritis is rarely curable.

e bite Rash -- may be red/purple plaques

some cases may occur simply through contact with these secretions. The source of the infection is usually a rat. Other animals

affection Disregard for child's basic physical needs like food, toileting, and play
arded Caregiver lacks parenting skills Parents are isolated Parents are teenagersA frequent change in caregivers (for example, in
n where neglect may have occurred and your child shows these symptoms, see your health care provider.

and certain areas in the western United States and Canada. The bacteria species associated with TBRF are Borrelia duttoni, Bor
tions are usually caused by Borrelia hermsii and are often acquired in cabins in forests. It is possible that the risk now extends i
 ue and unexplained weight loss Peripheral edema (swelling of ankles and legs)Other health problems may also cause these sym
eHereditary renal oncocytomaLifestyle-related and job-related risk factorsSmoking: Tobacco use increases the risk of developin

er, it may also be caused by trauma, diabetes, or an inflammatory disorder. It is most often caused by a related condition called
d Have had a retinal detachment in the other eye Have a family history of retinal detachment Have had cataract surgery Have o
ment is needed. However, the final visual outcome is not always predictable and may not be known for up to several months fo

tal retractions)

of the uterus, either as the result of a pregnancy or a tumor, may also lead to retroversion.Scar tissue in the pelvis (pelvic adhe

g sleep and abnormal while awake Change in development Excessive saliva and drooling Floppy arms and legs: frequently the fi
s have two X chromosomes, so even when one has this significant defect, the other X chromosome is normal enough for the ch

up properly but may not crawl. For those who do crawl, many do so by scooting on their tummy without using their hands.Simil
ne (hypotonia) and lethargy
against the fetal blood cells. These anti-Rh antibodies may cross back through the placenta into the developing baby and destr

may later appear under the eyes Headache, tiredness, cough can also occur
micals that cause the allergy symptoms.Nonallergic rhinitis - There are different types of nonallergic rhinitis. The exact cause of s
nd air pollutants can also increase the risk of having rhinitis. Children who attend daycare also have a higher risk of getting the

Fever Headache -- pressure-like pain, pain behind the eyes, toothache, or facial tenderness Nasal congestion and discharge So
n the sinus openings become blocked or too much mucus builds up, bacteria and other germs can grow more easily.Rhinosinus
ges in altitude (flying or scuba diving) Large adenoids Tooth infections (rare) Weakened immune system from HIV or chemother
biotics properlyA green or yellow discharge does not necessarily indicate a sinus infection or the need for antibiotics.

e milder symptoms.
who are caring for infected children by rota virus. Immunocompromised patients like HIV patients.

the sacropelvic region compressing the bladder or rectum. These may make the child discomfort or pain.Other health problem

the tumor. It can show a mass which may be either cystic or solid in appearance or commonly a mixture of both.ChildhoodUltr

ys. Symptoms of salmonellosis are relatively mild and patients make a recovery without specific treatment in most cases. Howe
d several months in water. The bacteria live in the intestinal tract of humans and other animals, including birds.Salmonella are
unocompromised personsSalmonellosis is more common in the summer than winter.
es to the blood stream, and then to other body sites and can cause death unless the person is treated promptly with antibiotics
es to the blood stream, and then to other body sites and can cause death unless the person is treated promptly with antibiotics
s itch). In this condition, the schistosome is destroyed within the skin. Intestinal symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea
ge (schistosomula), then migrates to the lungs and liver, where it matures into the adult form.The adult worm then migrates to

r by themselves. The course of the disorder may involve cycles of severe symptoms followed by improvement.The symptoms o
s common than schizophrenia and mood disorders. Women may have the condition more often than men. Schizoaffective disor
behavior that is sudden and not normal for you (for instance, going days without sleeping and feeling no need for sleep) Strang

delusions, or the complete disconnection from reality that occurs in untreated (or treatment-resistant) schizophrenia.
eople with this condition make and keep connections with other people.
orking. They may also have problems with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.At first, you may have the following sympto
develop schizophrenia if you have a family member with the disease.Schizophrenia affects both men and women equally. It usu
are unable to care for yourself.
People with schizophrenia may need supported housing, job training, and other community support programs. People with the
gencies.More commonly, however, people with schizotypal personality disorder behave oddly and have unusual beliefs (such a
can have odd beliefs and behaviors, but they are not disconnected from reality and usually do not hallucinate.Hallucinations, d

ly occur between the age s of 30 and 60 years. Unilateral vestibular schwannoma s are not hereditary.Bilateral vestibular schwa
g (tinnitus) in the affected earLess common symptoms include:Difficulty understanding speech Dizziness Headacheo Upon waki
sts believe that this particular gene on chromosome 22 produces a protein that controls the growth of Schwann cells. When th

eepiness (too little sleep is more common with other forms of depression) Less energy and ability to concentrate in the afternoo
er involves depression during the summer months.Other factors that may make SAD more likely include:Amount of light Body t

en Bone pain Osteomalacia, osteoporosis Fractures

he body responds by increasing production of parathyroid hormone. This increase in parathyroid hormone causes more calcium

nge in alertness; the person cannot remember a period of time Mood changes, such as unexplainable fear, panic, joy, or laught
rain hemorrhages. An MRI can quickly confirm or reject this as a cause. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a treatable medic
just or change the person's medications.

s refusing to speak, but usually the child is truly unable to speak in certain settings.Some affected children have a family history

osing or harm coming to the primary caregiver

usual, and not frightening.In normal development, during this early period the infant becomes familiar with the home environm

general, symptoms of sepsis can include:Chills Confusion or delirium Decreased urine output Fever or low body temperature (h
in (meningitis) The liver or the gall bladder The lungs (bacterial pneumonia) The skin (cellulitis)In children, sepsis may accompa
 change causes crying if hip joint is infected) Fever Inability to move the limb with the infected joint (pseudoparalysis) Irritabilit
ost common sites for this type of infection are the knee and hip. Most cases of acute septic arthritis are caused by bacteria such
g use Medications that suppress your immune system Recent joint injury Recent joint arthroscopy or other surgerySeptic arthri

Cough HeadacheLess common symptoms include (also in order):Dizziness Productive cough (sputum) Sore throat Runny nose N
ARS virus may live on hands, tissues, and other surfaces for up to 6 hours in these droplets and up to 3 hours after the droplets

And more still were sick enough to require hospitalization in intensive care units.Intensive public health policies are proving to
e Abnormal periodsOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any o

risk. Pregnancy:Increasing age at first term pregnancy. Life-style: A rich-fat diet and obesity may increase the risk of getting ova

ust been diagnosed or has recurred The patient’s general health

s Simplex, HIV/AIDS, HPV, Syphilis, Trichomoniasis

p for several years after the delivery.

k production, growth, reproductive functions, the thyroid, and the adrenal glands. A lack of these hormones can lead to a varie

usea and vomiting Watery diarrhea

all other cases. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 is rare in the U.S. but can lead to deadly outbreaks in developing countries.People in
mmonly seen in day care centers and group living places.
ms are most common in children.

e are three pairs of major salivary glands: The two largest are the parotid glands, one in each cheek over the jaw in front of the

rgically removed.
ther organs.Some patients have one episode every few years. Others have many episodes per year. The crises can be severe en
n levels. The red blood cells become shaped like crescents or sickles. The fragile, sickle-shaped cells deliver less oxygen to the b

ome people with the disease experience minor, brief, infrequent episodes. Others experience severe, long-term, frequent epis

poietic protoporphyria Acquired causes of sideroblastic anemia include: Myelodysplastic syndrome Nutritional deficiencies (cop
Pyridoxine deficiency Hypothermia affecting mitochondrial functions High dose zinc supplemets

ree types of silicosis exist:Simple chronic silicosis -- results from long-term exposure (more than 20 years) to low amounts of si
blem) Unusual behavoirs during sleep (sleep-disruptive behaviors)PROBLEMS WITH FALLING AND STAYING ASLEEP:Insomnia in
up in the morning unrefreshed.

ght without it being due to disease.Some causes or contributors to sleep disturbances in older adults include:Alzheimer's disea

ensations or hallucinations, which may be scary to them.

olepsy have isolated sleep paralysis. It is common in adults and is also seen in children.Most people with isolated sleep paralysi
ated with severe swelling of lymph nodes, often to tremendous sizes. If left untreated, the disease overcomes the host's defen
ection spreads to the central nervous system, it causes the symptoms typical of sleeping sickness. When it reaches the brain, b

e treated immediately.

gressive form of lung cancer. It usually starts in the breathing tubes (bronchi) in the center of the chest. Although the cancer ce

cancer has spread.

hortness of breathIterative infections such as bronchitis or pneumoniaNew onset of wheezingOther health problems may also c
ve form of lung cancer. It usually starts in the breathing tubes (bronchi) in the center of the chest. Although the cancer cells are
n and children are the usual victims to secondhand smoke.Radon: As a radioactive gas, radon increases the risk of small cell car

and general health

ng condition. With the development of the cancer, abdominal pain may be persistent. Weight loss: This is because of the consu
part of the small intestine, especially in the ileum. Patients with this problem have a risk of 28 times higher than normal to deve
ome tests. They include lab tests, image tests and endoscopy.Capsule endoscopy: In this procedure, the patient is not detected
re abdominal pain is sometimes because of samll intestine wall perforation or obstruction of small intestine canal. This is the re
Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred

al contact with infected patients, with contaminated surfaces or with infected aerosolized particles.

worry for days or weeks before a dreaded situation. This fear may become so severe that it interferes with work, school, and ot
ly with this disorder.People with social phobia are at high risk for alcohol or other drug dependence, because they may come t

k, tarry stoolsOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of thes
tion therapy. The sarcoma often happens in the area of the body that had been treated with radiation.Damaged lymph system:
Computed tomography (CT) scan and biopsy: Local CT scans are often used to diagnose soft tissue sarcoma. It can confirm the l
zia or hematemesis, or even shock
althWhether the sarcoma has just been diagnosed or has recurred

nd worry create a cycle that is hard to break.People who have a history of physical or sexual abuse are more likely to have this

ic pain has been shown to improve outcomes.

the legs Weakness of the hips, legs, or feet of a newbornOther symptoms may include:Abnormal feet or legs, such as clubfoot B
losure of the spine.Myelomeningocele is the most common type of spina bifida. It is a neural tube defect in which the bones of
Meningitis menigitis develop, including fever, stiff neck, irritability, and a high-pitched cry
g rapidly during puberty. This can lead to more loss of function as well as orthopedic problems such as scoliosis, foot or ankle de

he cervical spine

e of the body.With a lumbar (lower back) herniated disc, you may have sharp pain in one part of the leg, hip, or buttocks and n
m the spinal cord and leave your spinal column between each vertebrae.The spinal vertebrae are separated by discs filled with a
ause it decreases oxygen levels in your blood, depriving your body tissues of vital nutrients. Weight. Excess body weight causes

ertain occupations that involve heavy lifting or back strain may need to change job activities to avoid recurrent back injury.

patitis (Hepatitis B or C). Spontaneous peritonitis also occurs in patients who are on dialysis for kidney failure.

5 days. Onset of illness is usually abrupt, with fever, headache, dizziness, nausea, and malaise. Signs and symptoms intensify ov
ded, positive-sense RNA genome. The virus particles are spherical and have a diameter of 40 nm.
fe-long immunity against re-infection with SLEV.

ypically a relatively mild pain. With the development of the cancer, abdominal pain may be persistent. Loss of appetite - Some
of most types of gastric adenocarcinoma in the United States has gone down over the years. Experts think the decrease may be
ain is mostly because of gastric wall perforation. This is the result of cancer invading and perforating the gastric wall. Surgical in

patches Sore throat Headache Stomach ache Nausea Chills General discomfort, malaise Loss of appetite, abnormal taste Swolle
o school or work.To prevent spreading the illness to others, anyone with strep should practice good hand washing, especially if
s)Other symptoms include:Confusion, especially in older people Excess sweating and clammy skin Headache Loss of appetite, lo
may spread to your lungs. You may breathe some of these germs directly into your lungs. You breathe in (inhale) food, liquids,
rological conditions) Immune system problem (See also: Pneumonia in immunocompromised host) Impaired consciousness (los

m does not work well People with other, serious medical problems such as diabetes or cirrhosis of the liverYour doctor may wan
rmone levels or very high thyroid hormone levelsBrain disorders or injury, such as:Dementia or Alzheimer's disease Head traum

ful social situations and anxiety can make symptoms worse.Symptoms of stuttering may include:Feeling frustrated when trying
This is called developmental stuttering, and it is the most common type of stuttering.Stuttering tends to run in families. Genes t

ne, with weakness in both legs

last for years.SSPE has been reported in all parts of the world, but in western countries it is considered a rare disease.Fewer th

r decreased consciousness Personality changes such as confusion and irritability

e baby's skull) Feeding difficulties Focal seizures Generalized tonic-clonic seizure High-pitched cry Increased head circumference
y, compressing brain tissue. This often results in brain injury and may lead to death.Subdural hematomas can also occur after a

must move him or her before help arrives.

 s of death and injury. Subacute and chronic subdural hematomas have better outcomes in most cases, with symptoms often go
y). In addition, there have been documented cases of one person spreading swine flu to others. For example, an outbreak of ap

a, vomiting and diarrhea.

ne flu virus as it does other bacteria and viruses.
sing pigs at fairs. Human-to-human transmission of swine flu can also occur. This is thought to occur in the same way as season
was widespread influenza-like illness among the swine.In follow-up studies, 76% of swine exhibitors tested had antibody eviden
virus for 10 days or longer. Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus requires sending the specimen to CDC for laboratory te
e influenza viruses isolated from humans are resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. At this time, CDC recommends the use
rus was transmitted to close contacts in a basic training environment, with limited transmission outside the basic training group

dy, but there are few symptoms until the second stage.Secondary syphilis symptoms include:A skin rash (the most common sym
al contact, although it also can be transmitted in other ways.Syphilis occurs worldwide. Syphilis is more common in urban areas
wn partners or using intravenous drugs, contact your doctor or get screened in an STD clinic.
p to one-third of patients will have late complications of syphilis.Late syphilis may be permanently disabling, and it may lead to

arva) develops into the adult tapeworm. A tapeworm can grow to longer than 12 feet and can live for years.Tapeworms have m

ger adolescents (12 - 14 years old) are more likely to have unplanned sexual intercourse and more likely to be coerced into sex

ive in poverty.Teen mothers with a history of substance abuse are more likely to start abusing by about 6 months after delivery
head Scalp sensitivity, tenderness when touching the scalp Vision difficulties Blurred vision Double vision Reduced vision (blind
d the carotid artery. However, the condition can affect almost any medium-to-large artery anywhere in the body.The cause is u

solated event, constantly, or daily. Pain may last for 30 minutes to 7 days. It may be triggered by or get worse with stress, fatigu
onic. Chronic daily headaches can result from the under- or over-treatment of a primary headache.Rebound headaches are he
e occurs with repeated vomiting. You have a high fever.Also, call your doctor if:Your headache patterns or pain change. Treatm

al bleeding from the vagina Fatigue, weight loss Limited ability to tolerate exerciseOther health problems may also cause these
mbryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Malignant histiocytosis Myelodysplasia (MDS) Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma

see a doctor if they notice any of the following symptoms:A painless lump or swelling in a testicle Pain or discomfort in a testic

of 20 and 39, and is the most common form of cancer in men between the ages of 15 and 34. It is most common in white men,
nusual symptoms right away. Follow-up varies for different types and stages of testicular cancer. Generally, patients are checke
e lump Blood in the semen
xercise or may not have an obvious cause.

6 hours of torsion, the testicle may lose its ability to function.

lled risus sardonicus Stiffness of the neck Difficulty in swallowing Rigidity of pectoral and calf muscles. Elevated temperature Sw
ontain more C. tetani bacteria. The rough surface of rusty metal merely provides a prime habitat for a C. tetani endospore to re
may need a booster.
rst year of life.Other symptoms can include:Bone deformities in the face Fatigue Growth failure Shortness of breath Yellow skin
or genes related to the alpha globin protein are missing or changed (mutated). Alpha thalassemias occur most commonly in pe

shorter life span.

may not make enough platelets if you have any of the following conditions:Aplastic anemia Cancer in the bone marrow, such a

o main types of thrombophlebitis:Deep venous thrombosis (affects deeper, larger veins) Superficial thrombophlebitis (affects v
ming pale, cold, or swollen).

Trembling hands Palpitations Insominia Anxiety Increased bowel frequency Menstrual irregularities

t/neck Vocal hoarseness Difficulty swallowing Swollen lymph nodes

on therapy was commonly used in the 1950's to treat skin disorders and enlarged thymus gland, adenoids, and tonsils.

s resulting from the bite itself, not the diseases that a bite may cause. Some of the symptoms may be specific of one kind of tick

e tumor is advanced) Usually smallAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:Abnormal taste in the mouth
ous cell carcinomas. These are malignant and tend to spread rapidly.Smoking and other tobacco use are associated with 70 - 80

diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer greatly increases the chances of survival.
nced at the time the cancer is detected. Most have spread to the throat or neck.Approximately 25% of people with oral cancer

en lymph glands in the neck

ead of illness.

ll and become inflamed, causing tonsillitis. The infection may also be present in the throat and surrounding areas, causing infla

Children with tonsillitis related to strep throat or pharyngitis should generally be kept home from school or day care until they

od or adulthood. Congenital torticollis (present at birth) may occur if the fetus' head is in the wrong position while growing in th

ation and exercise.Botulinum toxin injections often provide substantial relief.

e syndrome can range from tiny, minor movements (such as grunts, sniffling, or coughing) to constant movements and sounds
ked to problems in certain areas of the brain. It may have to do with chemical substances (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinep
mal-length life.

s other forms of megacolon, such as pseudo-obstruction, acute colonic ileus, or congenital colonic dilation. These conditions oc

hat looks like a sunburn -- skin peeling occurs 1 or 2 weeks after the rash, particularly on the palms of the hand or bottom of the
ptives such as a diaphragm or vaginal sponge

ms:Enlarged lymph nodes in the head and neck Headache Mild illness with fever, similar to mononucleosis Muscle pain Sore thro
d to accidental consumption of infectious particles Eating contaminated soil Eating raw or undercooked meat (lamb, pork, and b

ude the following: Blinking Clenching the fists Curling the toes Flaring the nostrils Grimacing Jerking the arms Kicking Opening t

ing, pricking, or tingling) in the legs, sensory loss, and paraparesis (partial paralysis of the legs) Paraparesis may progress to par
as a complication of syphilis, measles, Lyme disease, and some vaccinations, including those for chickenpox and rabies. Cases i
h only a few studies have examined incidence rates, it is estimated that about 1,400 new cases of transverse myelitis are diagn
ple affected with transverse myelitis experience good or full recovery from their symptoms; they regain the ability to walk norm
inent. Untreated bacterial diarrhea lasts 3–7 days. Viral diarrhea generally lasts 2–3 days. Protozoal diarrhea can persist for we

ed States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and countries in Northern and Western Europe. Intermediate-risk countries i
e poorer, and prompt diagnosis and treatment are required to improve the outcomes of the disease.
vulva-to-vulva contact. The parasite cannot survive in the mouth or rectum.The disease can affect both men and women, but t
others do not develop symptoms until much later. Symptoms can come and go. Having trichomoniasis can make it feel unpleas
dividuals who do not use condoms consistently and effectively.

primary stage of TB often doesn't cause symptoms. If symptoms of pulmonary TB occur, they include: Cough Night sweats Coug
ulti-drug-resistant tuberculosis is due to the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to anti- TB drugs. This resistance c
herapy, diabetes, or certain medications)Your risk of getting TB increases if you:Have prolonged frequent contact with TB patie

culosis susceptible to the regular common treatment. So it is necessary to do a drug susceptibility test and to monitor adheren
ging fontanelles in babies Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Unusual posture, with the head and n

mber if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness
tsBroad, flat chest shaped like a shieldDrooping eyelidsDry eyesInfertilityNo periods (absent menstruation)Short heightVaginal
omosomes, written as XX. Males have an X and a Y chromosome (written as XY).In Turner syndrome, cells are missing all or par

nt twin may develop cardiac failure and also require medications to strengthen heart function.The unequal size of identical twin
e donor twin may have too little blood, and the other may have too much blood. The donor twin may need a blood transfusion

e it can travel to your lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and other parts of the body. A few people can become carriers o

vere abdominal pain, decreased urine output, or other new symptoms develop.

h Headache Joint and muscle pain Nausea VomitingSymptoms of epidemic typhus may include:Chills Cough Delirium High fever
nited States. It is usually seen in areas where hygiene is poor and the temperature is cold. Endemic typhus is sometimes called

hus may die. Prompt antibiotic treatment will cure nearly all patients. Possible ComplicationsRenal insufficiency Pneumonia Cen

, ibuprofen, and naproxen, are common causes of stomach and esophagus irritation. *Another common cause of bleeding is liv
fection NSAID's or aspirin use in patients with a history of ulcer disease Patients taking glucocorticoids

ms include:Confusion Decreased food intake Disliking protein-containing foods Increased sleepiness, difficulty waking up Nause
uces several chemicals (enzymes) that change ammonia into a form called urea, which the body can remove in the urine. If this
on-working copy of the gene from both parents. Sometimes parents don't know they carry the gene until their child gets the dis
to help plan and update a protein-restricted diet as the child grows.
o well.Sticking to the diet can lead to normal adult intelligence. Repeatedly not following the diet or having stress-induced sym
ny of the following:Trouble starting the flow of urine. Weak or interrupted ("stop-and-go") flow of urine. Frequent urination, es
k. Risk factors for urethral cancer include the following:Having a history of bladder cancer. Having conditions that cause chronic
ely curable by any combination of therapies. In men, the prognosis of tumors in the dista l (pendulous) urethra is better than fo
g need to urinate often, even right after the bladder has been emptiedIf the infection spreads to your kidneys, symptoms may
teria. However, certain conditions increase the risk of having UTIs.Women tend to get them more often because their urethra
at an increased risk for urinary tract infections as germs can travel through the catheter tube. Individuals with decreased immu
UTI and the symptoms come back shortly after treatment with antibiotics.

sOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms s
duction of more estrogen increases the risk for developing endometrial cancer.Estrogen therapy: Clinical data shows the use of

eneral healthEndometrial cancer is usually diagnosed at an early stage. The 1-year survival rate is about 92%. The 5-year surviva
may last longer than normal Pelvic cramping or pain with periods Sensation of fullness or pressure in lower abdomen Pain duri
y are rare in women under 20, and often shrink and cause no symptoms in women who have gone through menopause. They a

lurry vision Difficulty focusing on objects Chronic inflammation lasting for at least six weeksPanuveitis Floaters Blurry vision Vis
ondylitis, or genetics. However, in many cases the cause is unknown.Uveitis can be associated with any of the following:AIDS An

ntrol the inflammation.

nsible for approximately 10% of the blindness in the United States. With proper treatment, most attacks of anterior uveitis go a
ercourseOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these sym
l that any woman with adenosis should have very careful screening and follow-up. Cervical cancer: Surveies show having cervic

ng this time. Though pregnancy may be possible during the treatment, it is not recommended as some drugs could cause birth

common condition. The exact number of women who have this problem is unknown.Women with varying degrees of vaginism

s, soaps, and perfumes. Environmental factors such as poor hygiene and allergens may also cause this condition. Candida albica
s, soaps, and perfumes. Environmental factors such as poor hygiene and allergens may also cause this condition.

cs for a long time Have been in intensive care units or cancer or transplant units Have had major surgery Have catheters to drai

school-age children. Rotavirus, the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. It can also infect adults exposed to child

ars when crying No urine for 8 hours or more Sunken appearance to the eyes Sunken soft spot on an infant's head (fontanelle)

may lead to:Shock, Pulmonary edema Liver injurySigns seen with specific viruses may include:Renal failure (HFRS) Ecchymoses (
such as Rift Valley fever (RVF), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF Hantaviruses Flaviviruses, such as dengue, yellow feve
stock - via slaughter or consumption of raw milk or meat from infected animals (CCHF, RVF, Alkhurma viruses) Bushmeat - likel
Weakness Exhaustion Seizures Kidney problems

rculous) Syphilis Tick-borne diseases (such as Lyme disease) Tuberculosis VirusesAbout half of aseptic meningitis cases are cau

in some people.
ther medical conditions in the mother (such as tumors of the ovaries or adrenal glands that release male hormones)
s of appetite Pale skin Problems concentrating Shortness of breath, mostly during exercise Swollen, red tongue or bleeding gum
Your body uses a special protein, called intrinsic factor, released by cells in the stomach. The combination of vitamin B12 attac

ncy room, which can be critical for survival.

d disease.Von Willebrand disease affects men and women equally. Most cases are mild. Bleeding may occur after surgery or w
ed menstrual bleeding do NOT have Von Willebrand disease.

men who have this condition generally do NOT have excessive bleeding during childbirth.This disease is passed down through fa
these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the proble
occur in younger women. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Scientists found that HIV can damage the body's immune syst

ng this time. Though pregnancy may be possible during the treatment, it is not recommended as some drugs could cause birth
mpaired hearing EaracheOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with a
nability to form new memories Loss of memory, can be severe Making up stories (confabulation) Seeing or hearing things that
s do not absorb food properly (malabsorption), such as sometimes occurs after obesity surgery.Korsakoff syndrome, or Korsako

e symptoms -- especially the loss of memory and thinking skills -- may be permanent. Other disorders related to alcohol abuse
mph glands) An achy feeling in the back and musclesSymptoms usually occur 3 to 14 days after a person is bitten by an infected
n as a flavivirus. Researchers believe West Nile virus is spread when a mosquito bites an infected bird and then bites a person.M
us. People who already have health problems also have a greater risk.
nt to avoid getting West Nile virus infection. People in good general health generally do not develop a serious illness, even if th
of patients with brain inflammation do not survive.

the whipworm sticks inside the wall of the large intestine.Whipworm is found throughout the world, especially in countries wit

e hand back at the wrist, or even holding the hand Numbness, decreased sensation, tingling, or burning sensation Pain
nt and sensation of the wrist and hand.Mononeuropathy means a single nerve is damaged. With mononeuropathy, usually the

or a long period of time. If this occurs, see a pain specialist to ensure you have access to all pain treatment options.
or months. More sores may appear shortly before or after the mother yaw heals as the person scratches or spreads the bacteria

, vomiting, and jaundice are common. After approximately 3 - 4 days, often symptoms go away briefly (remission). Period of re

ea where yellow fever is known to occur. Blood tests can confirm the diagnosis.

ughing blood (occasionally) Fever Shortness of breathSymptoms of gastrointestinal zygomycosis include:Abdominal pain Vomiti
ted with zygomycosis include:Rhinocerebral infection (infection of sinuses and brain) May start as a sinus infection May progre

des, are small structures that filter the lymph fluid. There are many white blood cells in the lymph nodes to help fight infection

t stature) Virilization - the appearance of male characteristics, including increased body hair (especially on the face), pubic hair,
umor. Adrenocortical carcinoma can produce the hormones cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, or testosterone, as well as other h

may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so
pothalamus
possible:Sudden, penetrating pain in the lower back, abdomen, or legs Severe vomiting and diarrhea Dehydration Hypotension

a body image that is very distorted, be very focused on body weight or shape, and refuse to admit the seriousness of weight lo
s or other eating disorders. Anorexia usually begins during the teen years or young adulthood. It is more common in females, b
h and beauty Having a negative self-image Having an anxiety disorder as a child

men who develop this eating disorder at an early age have a better chance of recovering completely. However, most people wi

m from the body. This is also known as potassium wasting.

eart palpitations Hypotension WheezingSometimes symptoms are brought on by physical exertion, or eating or drinking things
e tumors release too much of the hormone serotonin, as well as several other chemicals that cause the blood vessels to open (

h carcinoid syndrome are also more likely to have a separate cancer (second primary tumor) at the same time. The outlook is m

blood sugar Low levels of oxygen (for example, from chronic lung disorders) Medications Nutritional deficiencies, especially nia

abetes. Confusion came on after a head injury. The person becomes unconscious at any time.If you have been experiencing con
weakness Little to no growth Without therapy, the child later may show signs of neurological impairment.
common defect and occurs in about 1 out of every 3,000 births. Girls are affected twice as often than boys.

ll feeling Generalized itching Headache Nausea and vomiting Poor appetite Swelling of the legs Swelling around the eyes in the
a role. Not all persons with diabetes develop this condition. Each kidney is made of hundreds of thousands of filtering units cal
blood sugar Type 1 diabetes before age 20 Smoking

tion slowly continues to get worse once large amounts of protein begin to appear in the urine or levels of creatinine in the bloo
and gradual vision loss, and even blindness. Floaters Shadows or missing areas of vision Difficulty seeing at nighttimePrimary de

im light. You have blind spots.*You have double vision Your vision is blurry and you cannot focus. You have pain in one of your

ng (baby refuses to eat formula containing milk) Poor weight gain Yellow skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice) Vomiting
te uridyl transferase deficiency (classic galactosemia, the most common and most severe form) Deficiency of galactose kinase D

those of the bladder, vagina, and skin Increased thirst Increased urination Nausea and vomiting Weight loss in spite of increase

our doctor for a regular prenatal visit Have high blood pressure Have too much amniotic fluid Have had an unexplained miscar

delivery, including:Birth injury (trauma) because of the baby's large size Delivery by c-sectionYour baby is more likely to have p

n Gierke disease is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. If both parents carry the defective gene related t

severe problems such as:Gout Kidney failure Life-threatening low blood sugar Liver tumors

arry the defective gene related to this condition, each of their children has a 25% chance of developing the disease.

se is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. If both parents carry the defective gene related to this conditio
 problems such as:Life-threatening low blood sugar Liver tumors Muscle weakness Heart abnormalities
ge goiters) Cough Hoarseness Swallowing difficultiesThere may be neck vein swelling and dizziness when the arms are raised ab
types of simple goiter:Endemic (colloid) goiter Sporadic (nontoxic) goiterColloid goiters occur in groups of people who live in a

uce thyroid hormone on its own. This can cause high levels of thyroid hormone, a condition called hyperthyroidism.

e hormones, or in how the body uses or responds to these hormones can cause enlarged breasts in men.Infancy Puberty Aging

rimary condition. Primary hyperaldosteronism used to be considered a rare condition, but some experts believe that it may be

nlargement of the clitoris) Deepening of the voice Increase in muscle mass Temporal balding (thinning hair and hair loss)
ry gland, causes excess amounts of corticosteroids, which cause masculine body changes in women. Also, tumors in the adrena
ome back after they've been removed.In polycystic ovary syndrome, the following can reduce symptoms caused by increased a

dstream is higher than normal. This may be related to an increase in total body potassium or the excess release of potassium fr
otassium. Such injury includes:Burns Disorders that cause blood cells to burst (hemolytic conditions) Gastrointestinal bleeding

ondition has also been seen in type 1 diabetes, children, and young adults, but less common.

ack or renal failure are present. The presenting signs and symptoms at the time of hospital presentation such as low blood pres
ping Hand tremors Fatigue, muscle weakness Changes in menstrual patterns (usually lighter flow, less frequent periods) in wom

associated with this disease:Decreased alertness Different size pupils Dizziness Excessive sweating Fainting Hallucinations Mem
eas in response to increased glucose levels in the blood.Hypoglycemia is relatively common in persons with diabetes. It occurs w

cemia loses alertness or if you can't wake them up.

ons including amphotericin, cisplatin, cyclosporine, diuretics, and aminoglycoside antibiotics Excessive urination (polyuria), suc

exual development in children Short stature Loss of armpit or pubic hair, loss of body or facial hair in men Cessation of menstru
ere loss of blood: Sheehan syndrome or postpartum hypopituitarism Genetic mutations

less than 10 cm.

Dry skin Sunken appearance to eyes Sunken fontanelles (soft spot) in infantsOther symptoms that can occur due to inadequate
fect, the kidneys release an excessive amount of water into the urine, producing a large quantity of very dilute urine. This make
elops because of other reasons. This is called an acquired disorder. Factors that can trigger the acquired form of this condition i

diabetes insipidus that is present at birth is a chronic condition requiring lifelong treatment.
ety, or feeling irritable Unclear thinking or feeling uneasy Double or blurry vision Fast or pounding heartbeatIf your blood sugar
nes, though some do not.Although islet cells produce many different hormones, most tumors release only one hormone that le

ue to excess hormone production, or if the cancer spreads throughout the body.

bones Neck pain due to fractures of the spinal bones Stooped posture or kyphosis, also called a "dowager's hump"
s of the spine). Osteoporosis occurs when the body fails to form enough new bone, when too much old bone is reabsorbed by t
cohol Family history of osteoporosis History of hormone treatment for prostate cancer or breast cancer Low body weight Smok

tients unable to walk independently. This is one of the major reasons people are admitted to nursing homes. Although osteopo
at unpredictable intervals and usually last 15 to 20 minutes. The attacks may increase in frequency, length, and severity as the
ery few pheochromocytomas are cancerous.The tumors may occur at any age, but they are most common from early to mid-ad

rom a larger pituitary tumor may include:Headache Lethargy Nasal discharge Nausea and vomiting Problems with the sense of

enis Armpit or pubic hair, and facial hair, often first on the upper lip Muscle growth, rapid height growth Voice deepening

s may be due to:Genetic defects Infections that occur in the womb or after birth Other birth defects TumorsIn many cases, the
occur with or without other signs of puberty.Being born with poorly formed genital or pelvic organs (missing uterus or vagina,

Chronic illness Congenital heart disease Drastic weight reduction Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Imperforate hymen or vagi
of menstruation not related to menopause Decreased sexual interest Headache Infertility Vision changesOther health problem
it usually is not considered such. Most pituitary tumors are sporadic--they are not genetically passed from parents to offspring.
neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) Prolactinomas occur most commonly in people under age 40. They are about five times more commo

ping Hand tremors Fatigue, muscle weakness Changes in menstrual patterns (usually lighter flow, less frequent periods) in wom

e from the breast (galactorrhea) Headache Increased hair growth in a "male" pattern (hirsutism) and acne Vaginal dryness Voic
taking these hormones, their periods may not return for more than 6 months.You are more likely to have amenorrhea if you:A

nges, such as combativeness Seizures Confusion Hallucinations Stupor ComaOther health problems may also cause these symp
one (also called arginine vasopressin) by cancer cells. Cancers like lung or bronchogenic cancers, lymphoma (s) in any location,
se, lung abscess, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, positive-pressure ventilation Cancer: Lung cancer, pancreas cancer, thymoma, ova
ental status, seizures, delirium, or coma in severe hyponatremia. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone may be a cli
ng a drug. If SIADH is associated with some infection, treating the infection may be important. For those SIADH with cancers, th
may also make you gain weight.Medications that can cause weight gain include corticosteroids and drugs used to treat bipolar
by palpitations, tremor, and sweating Vision changes
ght quickly or slowly? Do you have a history of depression ? Do you use alcohol or street drugs?Does the weight gain cause you
t the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
omiting or diarrhea

ating are:Ascites which is fluid that accumulates in the belly. Tumors Celiac disease, which is a condition caused by an allergy to

ness, texture of the mass helps the physician diagnose the cause.Other terms used to find the location of abdominal pain or m
the navel. Cholecystitis can cause a very tender mass that is felt below the liver in the right-upper quadrant (occasionally). Colo

el severe abdominal pain if you have gas or stomach cramps due to a viral gastroenteritis.On the other hand, life-threatening c
Food allergies or intolerance (such as lactose intolerance) Food poisoning Irritable bowel syndrome Stomach fluOther possible c
n your stool (especially if it's maroon or dark, tarry black in color) Had a recent injury to your abdomen Have chest, neck, or sho

toms as the following:Low-grade fever Weakness and fatigue Pain in the upper abdomen or epigastric area Itching Nausea and

d vomiting Yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)

tation and pressure in the gallbladder. This can lead to infection and a hole (perforation) in the organ.

e following:Bacterial infections. Several types of bacteria consumed through contaminated food or water can cause diarrhea. C
e throughout the world die from diarrhea because of the large volume of water lost and the accompanying loss of salts.
h problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell th

d notch may be seen.Tongue tie may cause feeding problems, tooth problems, and speech problems.

d stools Dark urine Nausea and vomiting Yellowing of the skin (jaundice) -- may come and go
, sclerosing cholangitis, HIV, narrowing of the common bile duct, and, rarely, travel to countries where you might catch a worm

and bloating may occur. When a large amount of ascites is present shortness of breath may develop also.
Long-term infections with hepatitis C or B and long-term alcohol abuse are two of the most common causes of cirrhosis.People

needed to digest fats become ineffective, resulting in fatty stools and poor absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin B

g (gastritis) Lack of proper blood flow to the intestines (bowel ischemia) Trauma or foreign body Widened, overgrown veins (ca
In children, a small amount of blood in the stool is usually not serious. The most common causes are constipation and milk alle
 the right shoulder blade Get worse after eating fatty or greasy foods Occurs within minutes of a meal Fever Loss of appetite Jau

back Digestive problems Fatty stools Nausea and vomiting Pale or clay-colored stools Unintentional weight lossThe symptoms
s.The condition is most often caused by alcoholism and alcohol abuse. Sometimes the cause cannot be determined, however. G

e. They are gland -like growths that develop on the mucous membrane that lines the large intestine. They are also called adeno

colored skin due to lack of oxygen Rapid breathing (tachypnea) Fast heart rate (tachycardia)
he affected side is thus not allowed to completely develop.

d in the chest Abdomen feels less full on examination by touch (palpation)A chest x-ray may show abdominal organs in chest ca

ward the rectum. By the time stool reaches the rectum it is solid, because most of the water has been absorbed.Constipation o
adults ages 65 and older. Pregnant women may have constipation, and it is a common problem following childbirth or surgery
ting and can be treated with changes in diet and exercise. For example, in young people with mild symptoms, a medical history
alternating with diarrhea Thin, pencil-like stools Rectal pain Unexplained weight loss Been using laxatives for several weeks or s
ock ducts in pancreas and prevents enzymes from reaching the intestines. As a result, intestines can not fully absorb fats and pr
usand defects are known that can affect the CFTR gene. The type of defect may affect the severity of cystic fibrosis.

for 80% of mortality. At present time survival probability of children is 40-50 years

e following:Bacterial infections. Several types of bacteria consumed through contaminated food or water can cause diarrhea. C
e throughout the world die from diarrhea because of the large volume of water lost and the accompanying loss of salts.
ing, or exercising—that improves when resting a feeling of weakness or pressure in the groin a burning, gurgling, or aching feel

the hernia can be gently massaged back into its proper position in the abdomen.
ough your rectum. The rectum is the end of the colon that connects to the anus. The rectum and anus are part of the gastroint
owel movements easier to pass. Diets low in fiber may cause constipation, which occurs when stools are hard and difficult to pa

organs in the body that normally do not connect Blockage in your digestive system An infection in which the colon ruptures cau
mon symptoms.NOTE: Indigestion is NOT the same as heartburn.
e:Gallstones Gastritis (when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen) Swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis) Ulc
ticeably Symptoms last longer than a few days You have unexplained weight loss You have sudden, severe abdominal pain You
ly? Does it begin or get worse after drinking alcoholic or carbonated drinks? Does the discomfort begin or get worse after eatin
n the mouthYou may have problems swallowing with any eating or drinking, or only with certain types of foods or liquids. Diffic
r this fine balance in the muscles of the mouth and throat.Damage to the brain may be caused by multiple sclerosis, Parkinson'
or vomit up blood You have asthma that is becoming worse You feel as if you are choking during or after eating or drinking
 the windpipe. This connection is called a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Some babies with TEF will also have other problems,

e household cleaners, lye, disc batteries, or battery acid. Treatment of esophageal varicesFrequent acid reflux make it more like

part of the thigh, just below the groin, where the femoral artery and vein pass. Femoral hernias tend to occur more often in wo

of the gallbladder for other reasons, such as gallstones. As the cancer progresses, people may notice one or more symptoms a
r have a history of gallstones. Gallstones are the most common digestive disease in the United States, but only a small proporti

er: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the gallbladder The patient’s general health Whether the canc
of the gallbladder for other reasons, such as gallstones. As the cancer progresses, people may notice one or more symptoms a
r have a history of gallstones. Gallstones are the most common digestive disease in the United States, but only a small proporti

er: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the gallbladder The patient’s general health Whether the canc

a such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Having a major surgery Traumatic injury, burns, or severe infections Having certain dise
tools Unusual rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath Profuse sweating Fever associated with abdominal pain Pale complexion

ave GERD without heartburn. Instead, they may experience a dry cough, asthma symptoms, or trouble swallowing.
ernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach and the LES move above the diaphragm, the muscle wall that separates the st
picy foods Tomato-based foods (spaghetti sauce, salsa, chili, and pizza)MedicationsAnticholinergics (e.g. for seasickness) Beta b
uent vomiting Hoarseness Loss of appetite Trouble swallowing (dysphagia) or pain with swallowing (odynophagia) Weight loss

let bowl, on toilet paper, or in streaks on stool (feces) Vomiting bloodMassive bleeding from the GI tract can be dangerous. Ho
small intestine Cancer of the stomach Intestinal polyps (a pre-cancerous condition)Other possible causes of GI bleeding include

e smaller than the eraser on top of a pencil. GIST tumors may be found during a procedure that is done for another reason, suc
ation in proto-oncogenes such as c-Kit gene and PDGFRA gene. These proto-oncogenes control cell multiplication and mutation
rney-Stratakis syndrome and Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumor syndrome. In rare cases, GISTs can be found in several me
ult of cancer invading and perforating the gastric wall. Surgical intervention needs to be done urgently. Vomiting a lot of blood
Whether the tumor has spread to other parts of the body.
utrients or low calorie intake Abdominal bloating High and low blood glucose levels Lack of appetite Gastroesophageal reflux Sp
er time, high blood glucose can damage the vagus nerve.Some other causes of gastroparesis are:Surgery on the stomach or vag

ng tests:Upper endoscopy. After giving you a sedative to help you become drowsy, the doctor passes a long, thin tube called an
blems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doc

the pancreasThe patient’s generalWhether the tumor has just been diagnosed or has recurred
us. This band is called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). If this band does not close tightly enough, contents from the stoma
enstrual bleeding or birth control Sedatives for anxiety, or if you can't sleep (insomnia) Theophylline (for asthma or other lung d
tburn are having a heart attackCall your doctor if:You have heartburn often or it doesn't go away with a few weeks of self-care
gist for more testing.First, your doctor will do a physical examination and ask questions about your heartburn, such as:When did
A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as poss
uodenitis Aortoenteric fistula Pancreatic pseudocyst Post- sphincterotomyLiver diseaseCirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma

on of the blood vessels in the lung (vasculitis) Injury to the arteries of the lungs Irritation of the throat from violent coughing (s

ain you are experiencing may be isolated on the upper-right part of your abdomen. It is usually relatively mild pain or no pain a
n deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, and Wilson disease Diabetes Mellitus Aflatoxins Anabolic ster
n with hepatocellular carcinoma has sudden severe abdominal pain is sometimes due to a ruptured carcinoma. This is the resu
Whether cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred
ditary fructose intolerance Infectious mononucleosis Leukemia Niemann-Pick disease Primary biliary cirrhosis Reye syndrome Sa

with liver disease and must be excluded before making a diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome. They include the following:Pre-ren

when a person rises or suddenly changes position (orthostatic hypotension) Diuretic use Gastrointestinal bleeding Infection Re

re than a few daysCramping, abdominal pain and abdominal distentionRectal bleeding, dark stools, or blood in the stoolWeakn
rectal cancer, especially with large or many of them.Inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
a person with colorectal cancer appears these symptoms is mostly because of intestinal obstruction caused by lumps. This is th
al healthWhether cancer remains after initial treatment or has recurred
e symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems
lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer.
gh level of amylase and lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides. Images: Images, such as ultrasound, CT scan and MRI, may show se

deaths among Americans.

the body, and the cancer response to treatment can also affect a person’s outlook. The outlook for each person is specific to th

gina, imperforate anus would be suspected. Images: Images such as x-ray, ultrasound. CT, or MRI may be recommended to dia

isible when standing up. When a hernia cannot be pushed back into place, symptoms include pain, nausea, vomiting, inability t

scan: A CT scan may be a useful adjunct in confirming the diagnosis as well as determining the contents and extent of the herni

mon symptoms.Indigestion is NOT the same as heartburn.

e:Gallstones Gastritis (when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen) Swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis) Ulc
al help if your symptoms include jaw pain, chest pain, back pain, profuse sweating, anxiety, or a feeling of impending doom. The
or get worse after drinking alcoholic or carbonated drinks? Do you eat quickly? Have you been overeating? Have you changed
ng, or exercising—that improves when resting a feeling of weakness or pressure in the groin a burning, gurgling, or aching feeli
 eral anesthesia complications, hernia recurrence, bleeding, wound infection, painful scar, and injury to internal organs.
aw the knees to the chest while crying.Other symptoms include:Bloody, mucus-like bowel movement, sometimes called a "curr
ntestine pressing together causes: Decreased blood flow Irritation SwellingThe intestine can die, and the patient can have signifi

not cause IBS. Symptoms may include:Abdominal distention Abdominal fullness, gas, bloating Abdominal pain or tenderness th
also be involved.Normal motility, or movement, may not be present in the colon of a person who has IBS. It can be spasmodic

ears old.Lactose intolerance is very common in adults. It is rarely dangerous. About 30 million American adults have some degre
are lactose intolerant. The condition is least common among people of northern European descent.Babies that are born prema
you need information about food substitutes. Your symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment. You develop new

ain you are experiencing may be isolated on the upper-right part of your abdomen. It is usually relatively mild pain or no pain a
n deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, and Wilson disease Diabetes Mellitus Aflatoxins Anabolic ster
n with hepatocellular carcinoma has sudden severe abdominal pain is sometimes due to a ruptured carcinoma. This is the resu
Whether cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred

endoscopic myotomy Transesophageal lymphadenectomy Transesophageal pleural biopsy Transesophageal vagotomy Trans
Medications or medical treatments, such as cancer chemotherapy or radiation treatment Migraine headaches Morning sickness
han 24 hours. Been unable to keep any fluids down for 12 hours or more. Headache or stiff neck. Not urinated for 8 or more ho
nts with significant jaundice have extreme tiredness and poor feeding.
eloping baby) removes the bilirubin from the infant so that it can be processed by the mother's liver. Immediately after birth, t
ice that usually cause no harm include:Breast milk jaundice is probably caused by factors in the breast milk that slow the rate a
6 hours. Infants sent home between 48 and 72 hours should be seen again by age 120 hours.Jaundice is an emergency if the bab
before levels become high enough to cause this damage.For babies who need treatment, the treatment is usually effective.
the pain, but odynophagia is often a condition of its own.
conditions that can cause odynophagia. Among the possibilities are:Cancer: Sometimes chronic painful swallowing is an early si

omplications. Weight loss may also occur with odynophagia. You may eat less due to the discomforts associated with swallowi

swelling that occurs during pancreatitis.A pancreatic pseudocyst may also occur after trauma to the abdomen, and in someone

sis fluid (if undergoing peritoneal dialysis) Nausea and vomiting Shaking chills Signs of shock

perforated peptic ulcer, appendicitis, and diverticulitis) have a mortality rate of about <10% in otherwise healthy patients, whic
naked eye (sometimes) Vomiting
n be inherited through families as an autosomal dominant trait. That means if 1 of your parents has this type of PJS, you have a

ms may include:Enlarged liver Enlarged spleen General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Indigestion Loss of appeti
 ommon in men than women. Having family members with PSC may increase a person’s risk for developing PSC.

ase with ascites and varices.Patients with this condition have an increased risk of developing cancer of the bile ducts (cholangio

ed conditions listed above

Confusion Lethargy Loss of consciousness or coma Mental changes Nausea and vomiting Seizures Unusual placement of arms a

enly. Reye syndrome usually follows an upper respiratory infection (URI) or chickenpox by about 1 week.

ain damage is possible, especially in infants. Over thirty percent of the cases reported in the United States from 1981 through 1

lop when one-half or more of the bowel is removed during surgery.

Diamond syndrome, the bone marrow malfunctions and does not make some or all types of white blood cells. A shortage of ne
stive enzymes.

do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.

s throughout the body. Researchers suspect that the SBDS protein may play a role in processing RNA (a molecule that is a chem

atresia Cirrhosis (alcoholic cirrhosis) Cystic fibrosis Portal hypertension Portal vein obstruction Sclerosing cholangitisBlood disea

ecifically in children)About half of the people diagnosed with ulcerative colitis have mild symptoms. Others suffer frequent fev
lieved to react abnormally to the bacteria in the digestive tract.Ulcerative colitis is not caused by emotional distress or sensitivi
ally and appears to run in families, with reports of up to 20 percent of people with ulcerative colitis having a family member or
mprove with treatment, or if new symptoms develop.
decade after ulcerative colitis is diagnosed.

t pain in the ankles, knees, elbows, fingers, or other areas Memory loss Personality changes Weight loss
usions from the wall that help absorb nutrients —are damaged.
 ress (neuroses) Slow movements Slow or decreased movement and expressions of the face Speech impairment Tremors of the
The copper deposits in the liver, brain, kidneys, and the eyes. The deposits of copper cause tissue damage, death of the tissues,

ace, small nose with nostrils tipped forward, wide-set eyes (hypertelorism) with droopy eyelids, and a wide groove above the u
e identifiable mutations in the FGD1 gene. The cause of Aarskog-Scott syndrome in other affected individuals is unknown.
which is one of the two sex chromosomes. In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each

oplasia include:Bowed legs Diminished stature A trunk of average size Arms of diminished length, particuarly the upper arms (t
most all cases of achondroplasia. Researchers believe that these mutations cause the protein to be overly active, which interfer
disease), there is 50 % chance that the child will develop achondroplasia if one parent has achondroplasia. The risk of the child

e with dwarfism have active lives and live as long as other people.Infants who receives the abnormal gene from both parents d
een syllables Impaired motions Tremors in the limbs, particularly towards the end of movementsA patient with ataxia may also
Types 1-28 of Spinocerebellar ataxiaOther inherited causes of ataxia include:Metabolic disorders Dentatorubro-palidoluysian a

ad may be round with a flat area on the back. The inner corner of the eyes may be rounded instead of pointed. Common physic
nd older. Couples who already have a baby with Down syndrome have an increased risk of having another baby with the conditi

r joints Low muscle toneThe common features in child with Fragile X Syndrome include low IQ with learning difficulties (intellec
es, Fragile X syndrome can occur as a result of point mutation in FMR1 gene.Normally, the FMR1 gene makes a protein you nee
of developing the disorder.
heriting the disease. There are very few outward signs of Fragile X syndrome in babies. Babies may have a large head circumfer

ing (edema) at birth Skin changes

ase is most common. It involves bone disease, anemia, an enlarged spleen and thrombocytopenia. Type I affects both children
the mother and father must both pass one abnormal copy of the gene to the child in order for the child to develop the disease
me replacement therapy.
pert with a master of science degree. In the USA they are certified by the American Board of Genetic Counseling . Most enter th

ce that the baby's head seemed large? Does the baby's head size seem to be increasing faster compared to the growth of the b

se and not being a carrier

ease emerges in the first year of life, death by age 10 is likely.If the disease occurs in adulthood, symptoms will be milder with n
nclude:Delayed mental and social skills Head size significantly below normal Hyperactivity Jerking movements of the arms or leg
called phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is needed to break down an essential amino acid called phenylalanine. The substance

ning phenylalanine are not avoided, PKU can lead to mental retardation by the end of the first year of life.
Painful menstruation
n and adults, but it is much more common in adults, with symptoms often not showing up until middle age. It affects nearly 1 in
enetic counseling may be offered.

toimmune disease makes people with polycystic kidney disease good candidates for kidney transplantation.
ng:Prominent eyes, a thin nose with a beaked tip, thin lips, a small chin, and protruding ears. Bald, aged-looking skin, a loss of fa
hat holds the nucleus of a cell together. Researches demonstrate that the defective Lamin A protein makes the nucleus unstable
 soon as possible:Chest pain Shortness of breath Palpitation Diaphoresis Headache Hemiplegia and muscle weakness of the face

akness is first noted in the shoulder muscles and proximal leg muscles. Weakness gets worse over time and will eventually beco
y, 4 out of every 100,000 people have the condition.The most severe form is SMA type I, also called Werdnig-Hoffman disease.

tor skills such as turning over, sitting, and crawling. They also develop an exaggerated startle reaction to loud noises. As the dis
t show signs and symptoms of the condition.Tay-Sachs disease is very rare in the general population. The genetic mutations tha

rgetfulness.Mild cognitive impairment is the stage between normal forgetfulness due to aging and the development of AD. Peo
d lifestyle factors. Because people differ in their genetic make-up and lifestyle, the importance of these factors in preventing or
her, sister, or parent who developed AD increases your risk for developing AD. Having certain combination of genes for proteins
the presence of another illness.)Discuss the situation with your health care provider if you are caring for a person with this diso
e disease may last from a few months to several years. During that time, the patient becomes immobile and totally disabled. De
m universities, run for Congress, and even fathered children.The current documented record holder for longevity was Jeanne Ca
e hearing men's voices than women's voices Problems hearing when there is background noise Voices that sound mumbled or
g loss can often be treated. They include:Buildup of wax in the ear canal Damage to the very small bones (ossicles) that are righ
rning pain May get worse when the area is moved Weakness or complete paralysis of muscles supplied by the same nerve
ones, ligaments, blood vessels, or tumors Trauma (including surgery)In many cases, the cause is unknown.Postherpetic neuralg

ond to treatment. Attacks of pain usually come and go. However, attacks may become more frequent in some patients as they g
much fluid before bedtime, particularly coffee, caffeinated beverages, or alcohol High blood calcium level Obstructive sleep apn

emor: Tremor is one of the most common signs of Parkinson's disease. It often affects in a hand, arm, or leg. It occurs when the

ntia, falling injury or fracture.

and become very hot and swollen. Activity that puts pressure on the vulva, and walking and sitting, may cause excruciating pain
h care provider if you have one of these cysts and develop a fever higher than 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit.

wabbed with dilute vinegar (acetic acid). This removes the mucus that covers the surface and highlights abnormal areas. Someti
ercourse.Colposcopy may also be done when your health care provider sees abnormal areas on your cervix during a pelvic exam
be menstruating heavily. However, if you are at the very end or beginning of your regular period or you are having abnormal b
time a tissue sample is taken. You may have some cramping or slight bleeding after the biopsy. Heavy bleeding is unusual; if yo

or cause problems during pregnancy.You may have some bleeding after the biopsy for up to 1 week.You should not douche, pl
the woman coughs, sneezes, laughs, or moves in any way that puts pressure on the bladder.
na strong. When women go through menopause-that is, when they stop having menstrual periods-their bodies stop making est
netically predisposed women.

mbing medicine may be applied to the opening to the uterus (cervix).The cervical canal is widened using a metal rod, and a cure
have:Abnormal bleeding while on hormone replacement therapy An embedded intrauterine device (IUD) Bleeding after meno
on use and sexual intercourse are not recommended for 1 - 2 weeks after this procedure.
ery or childbirth Menopause Ovarian cysts Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) Reaction to the latex of a diaphragm or con
ulted, report the crime to the police and go to the emergency room immediately. Get a trusted friend to accompany you. Do N
e cervix is cleaned with an antiseptic liquid and then grasped with an instrument (tenaculum) to hold the uterus steady. A devic
n women over age 35.This test can also be used to test for endometrial cancer. Sometimes, it is used as part of the diagnosis in

difficulty breathingHeadacheVaginal bleedingOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for

headacheLarge vaginal bleeding

the tumorWhether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurredThe patient’s general health
aIt may also present as a lower abdominal mass in women or growing mass in the testicles causing discomfort in men.
esis of the disease is not clear, it has been observed that the product of this gene increased in the gonadoblastoma.
pmental disorders during puberty such as delayed onset of menstruation, excess hair overgrowth.
nadoblastoma.

ve the following symptoms on a daily basis for more than a few weeks:Bloating Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly Pelvic or

all number of ovarian cancer cases. Women with a personal history of breast cancer or a family history of breast or ovarian can
provider if you have symptoms of ovarian cancer.
osis is made early in the disease and treatment is received before the cancer spreads outside the ovary, the 5-year survival rat
general, hirsutism is a harmless condition. But many women find it bothersome, or even embarrassing.A common cause is pol

nis or anus in men

uld receive the HPV vaccine series:The vaccine is given in three shots over a 6-month period. (The second and third doses are g

that can be spread during sexual contact.

nis or anus in men
uld receive the HPV vaccine series:The vaccine is given in three shots over a 6-month period. (The second and third doses are g

that can be spread during sexual contact.

upper part of the uterus is removed. The cervix is left in place. Total hysterectomy: The entire uterus and cervix are removed. R
cer of the ovary Childbirth complications, such as uncontrolled bleeding Long-term (chronic) pelvic pain Severe endometriosis

4 weeksA hysterectomy will cause menopause if you also have your ovaries removed. Removal of the ovaries can also lead to
ss tends to be more common during the first trimester and in women who become pregnant at a young age Puberty in both gir
explained breast pain Signs of a breast infection, including local redness, pus, or fever

e to environmental toxins Hormone problems Infection Obesity Physical problems with the mother's reproductive organs Probl

t in for examination).
examination.
to check for cervical cancer. If you are over age 30 or your Pap smears have been negative for 3 times in a row, your doctor may
duling your Pap smear while you have your period (are menstruating), because it may affect the accuracy of the Pap smear. If y
e sure your doctor knows about all the medicines you are taking. Some, including estrogen and progestins, may affect the resul
adder infections Sensation of heaviness or pulling in the pelvis Vaginal bleeding or increased vaginal dischargeMany of the sym

may contribute to the prolapse. Uterine prolapse can also be caused by a pelvic tumor, although this is rare. Chronic constipatio

re treatment again in the future.

ologic procedure, when the lining of the vagina doesn't heal to its normal smoothness.Gartner's duct cysts develop in the spac

e may be due to:Atrophic vaginitis: seen in women who have gone through menopause and have low estrogen levels Bacterial
explained weight loss, increased urinary frequency, or fatigue: these may be signs of diabetes.Also call if:A child who has not re

h a second-level heading (==); don't use first-level headings (=). Don't skip levels (for example, second-level followed by fourth

es and test-taking skills

d by Will Gibson, an M.D., Ph.D. candidate from Harvard Medical School. For more details, you can send an email to willjgibson
wheezing in the absence of a cold or asthma are other symptoms of this lung disease.
rs who manufacture it or mix it into foods, such as butter-flavored popcorn. Bronchiolitis obliterans also can result from respira
he prognosis and treatment goals of a specific medical condition and institute appropriate actions based on the interpretation.
asp of medical knowledge, and preferably, a prior residency training and experience in order to apply.
of cardiology in this category. All the articles in a category can come together to forming a living textbook of a given topic. Cate
reference manager. The advantages of this reference manager are that:The references are numbered automatically! When yo
f I typed thisIt would appear as thisNote: If you intend on using the same manual reference more than once, you will need to as

he child is active.Some children have breathing problems (dyspnea). They may get into a squatting position after physical activi
e oxygen and becomes red. The oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the left side of the heart. From there, it is pumped
edness all the time

sed medical approaches to patient care. With the use of critical pathways, a health care provider can rapidly determine the tre
asp of medical knowledge, and preferably, a prior residency training and experience in order to apply.

e breast compared to the other.

oses patients to developing multiple fibroadenomas. Taking oral contraceptives before the age of 20.

reference manager. The advantages of this reference manager are that:The references are numbered automatically! When yo
f I typed thisIt would appear as thisNote: If you intend on using the same manual reference more than once, you will need to as

. If the page already exists, but is not microchaptered, you may create a new microchaptered page for the disease and then re-
which is listed on the home page under "Advanced Editing". Click on the edit tab, and copy all of the text in the edit box. Type in
mple, for jaundice, search for "Jaundice", then click on where it says "Create the page Jaundice on this Wiki". You would then ty
ting a microchaptered page, click here. As you create new microchapter pages, you will create a link on the home page. To cre

e editing community.
our Name Muhammad Haisum Maqsood, MD Contact: Email: haisumbajwa@live.com Current Position Research Fellow Profess
he page ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.To redirect a page A to a different page B (also called target page), enter the followi

es text with size 1 smaller than the standard:your text

age to the Category of Cardiology chapters.It is convention to insert these lines near the bottom of the wiki page. Once your edi

name) and to select a section (TopSection) from the top of the page (click here to learn how to create sections.)In general,crea
DSMB charter.docTo create the link, you simply type:

s box5. Insert the following code media:your filename goes here

e and activates an editing compute program): {{subst:wikEd}}If you are logged in, you can also access it here: Special:Mypage/m
gnise you by your username when you make changes to pages. As a "name" an IP address is somewhat clumsy. Also, if you use

t with hyertension (middle) show moderate periarteriolar thickening and fibrosis. Shown on the right is a patient with HCM in w

s template is essentially a computer program. It allows navigation to and from selected physician pages. The template is surrou

page, click here.

section on a patient information page, click here.

transformation. When pleomorphic adenoma arises from the parotid gland patients present with: Dry mouth Difficulty in swal
or progression of pleomorphic adenoma.
roducts manufacturing Asbestos mining Plumbing Some types of wood working Hair dressing

7% of cases can go into malignant transformation if left untreated.

project for you if you are a (choose all that apply: college student, medical student, intern, resident, attending physician, hospit
he page ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.
y the hatch mark of the subheading you want to direct to. The example for alcohol septal ablation is shown below:If a spelling
reference manager. The advantages of this reference manager are that:The references are numbered automatically! When yo
f I typed thisIt would appear as thisNote: If you intend on using the same manual reference more than once, you will need to as

tter the resolution of the monitor on which they are displayed. This means an.SVG image that is displayed at a size of 2 inches w
resoltion, such as both on an mobile device and a TV display The file size is not critical. E.g., for uses where the user is expected
:200px;height:200px;" />
t-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is strongly encouraged.
ach synonym with a semicolon and a space. Note the use of abbreviated terms, the plural version of the terms, and alternative
hould all be redirected to a single page. This is to avoid duplicating content for the same disease.Creating a redirect: For examp
see the code {{WH}}. This tells the software to insert the help menu at the bottom of the page.
tive authoring.WikiDoc allows a community of healthcare professionals to'co-create' webpages in a way that does not require k
ht at a garage sale when I was in second grade. I remember reading as much of that one volume of the encyclopedia as I could,

f of a Subspecialty Group General Practitioner High School Student Hospital Administrator Hospitalist Intern Layperson Medica

eart rate Shortness of breath WeaknessSymptoms of internal bleeding may also include:Abdominal pain and swelling Chest pa

hock Signs of infection develop, including increased pain, redness, swelling, yellow or brown fluid, swollen lymph nodes, fever,

ckly life threatening.

n or a bandage may be applied to stop any bleeding.A laboratory specialist takes a drop of blood from your sample and smears

white blood cell can cause a decrease in the percentage of other types of white blood cells.An increased percentage of neutro
ated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling light-headed Hematoma (blood
se during a routine blood test.People with acute leukemia usually go to their doctor because they feel sick. If the brain is affect

s a slower onset and can often be put off for years; however, chronic leukemia is very rarely cured.
lems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doc
n 65. Plasma cell diseases: Studies show patients with other plasma cell diseases will develop multiple myeloma later. Radiation
d/or edema

ace Shortness of breath Symptoms of blood clots in veins near the skin surface (phlebitis)Other symptoms that may occur with
men. It is not usually seen in people under age 40. The problem is often linked to a gene defect called JAK2V617F. The cause of

fficulties Double vision or decreased vision Hearing loss Personality and behavior changes Emotional instability HiccupsOther he

ddenly develop speech changes Consciousness disorders

as just been diagnosed or has recurred The patient’s general health
these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the proble

to kidney failure.Cryoglobulinemia is part of a group of diseases that cause vasculitis -- damage and inflammation of the blood
with mixed cryoglobulinemia have a chronic hepatitis C infection.Other conditions that may be related to cryoglobulinemia inc

a and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects int
duction of these antibodies. These antibodies sometimes destroy red blood cells and cause anemia. This test is sometimes perf
normal Results Mean An abnormal (positive) direct Coombs' test means you have antibodies that act against your red blood cel
a and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects int

end on the type of substance being identified. In some people, a positive result may be normal.
oms areChronic glomerulonephritis Polyarteritis nodosa Wegener granulomatosis
sease, the immune system cannot tell the difference between harmful substances and healthy ones. As a result, the immune sy

poor prognosis. Nephrotic syndrome carries worse prognosis. Creatinine level: Patients with elevated creatinine (>3 mg/dL) at p
days if they have previously been exposed to the substance.
rson or animal that has immunity against a particular infection or poisonous substance. Antiserum may be used to protect a pe

mptoms related to the urinary tract. Older people may not have any symptoms related to the urinary tract either; instead, they
arried through the bloodstream from other parts of the body. A UTI in the bladder that does not move to the kidneys is called c
ay be blocked in people with a structural defect of the urinary tract, a kidney stone, or an enlarged prostate—the walnut-shape
UTI and the symptoms come back shortly after treatment with antibiotics.

nd cytomegalovirus.Other causes include:Injury Sensitivity to the chemicals used in spermicides or contraceptive jellies, or foam

n both men and women. In women, the infection could lead to fertility problems if it spreads to the pelvis.
ausea or vomiting, may last for days Nosebleeds Persistent hiccups Prolonged bleeding Seizures Slow, sluggish movements Swe
tion Hemorrhage Injury Septic shock Serious illness SurgeryDisorders that cause clotting within the kidney's blood vessels:Hem

nd-stage renal disease may develop. Death is most common when kidney failure is caused by surgery, trauma, or severe infectio

gress of unconsciousness may be slowly. Antecedent symptoms before coma, depending on the underlying disease: If the com
tes, sedatives, amphetamines, cocaine) Liver failure or kidney failure

wing or when they are processed, but it can also happen in your kitchen if you leave food out for more than 2 hours at room tem

ening pain or skin color changes on the affected area, or if the patient starts to feel sick, an urgent visit to the doctor is needed

normal amount of fluid under the skin, causing swelling) Lowered cognitive ability Kussmaul's breathing (very deep and labore
pernatremia Gastorintestinal Dehydration Ileal conduits Kidney diseases Loss of pancreatic secretion Prolonged Diarrhea Urete

ritability and muscle twitching Poor appetite and increased urination Severe constipation for 2 to 3 days, and not relieved by la
iseases? What medicines are you currently taking (including over-the-counter, vitamins or herbal remedies)?

cells to balance the levels. This causes the cells to swell with too much water. Although most cells can handle this swelling, bra
ffective circulatory volume) are very prone to develop hyponatremia. More recently, hyponatremia has seen to be occuring in n
days or weeks (chronic hyponatremia), the brain cells have time to adjust and swelling is minimal. In COVID 19 patients, hypon
Weakness and loss of coordination Pale and cold skin Confusion Uncontrollable shivering (although at extremely low body temp
er Wearing wet clothing in windy or cold weather Heavy exertion, not drinking enough fluids, or not eating enough in cold weat

c acidosis. If you take this medicine, have your electrolyte levels checked 1 - 2 weeks after starting it.
n some situations, metabolic acidosis can be a mild, chronic (ongoing) condition.
substances known as ketone bodies, which are acidic, build up during uncontrolled diabetes Hyperchloremic acidosis results fro

ping respirations Unconsciousness Vomiting

d by a doctor. Even though the person may revive quickly at the scene, lung complications are common. Fluid and body chemic
an lead to shock or death. In some situations, acidosis can be a mild, chronic (ongoing) condition.
h are acidic, build up during uncontrolled diabetes Hyperchloremic acidosis results from excessive loss of sodium bicarbonate f

ke the lungs less efficient at filling and emptying Diseases involving the nerves and muscles that cause the lungs to fill or empty

and muscles that control breathing, such as spinal cord injuries, muscular dystrophy and stroke Damage to the tissues and ribs a
pain Seizures Weight gain (unintentional)
mage such as rhabdomyolysis or kidney failure.Dead muscle tissue may cause a large amount of fluid to move from the blood in
phosphate levels Seizures Severe exertion such as marathon running or calisthenics Shaking chills Trauma Use or overdose of dr

y within a few weeks to a month or more. However, some continue to have problems with fatigue and muscle pain.
and vomiting Numbness and tingling Rapid pulse Tissue death Severe pain Skin discoloration Swelling at the site of the bite We
ible and only bite as a last resort.Snakes found in and near water are often mistaken as being poisonous. Most species of snake
. The center can be called from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poiso
painBrain and nervous system symptomsDrowsiness and confusion Problems concentrating or thinking Numbness in the hand
D almost always follows chronic kidney disease. A person may have gradual worsening of kidney function for 10 - 20 years or mo
dney disease Age 65 or older

own.It is one of the most common causes of nephritic syndrome. The condition may be a primary kidney disease of uncertain o
ditis. Blood cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia. Melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Systemic lupus erythema
other new symptom develops.
those will progress to end-stage renal disease.
ay be associated with this disease:Chills Incontinence Increased urinary frequency or urgency Painful urination Passing large am
anemia Sickle cell anemia is a common cause of renal papillary necrosis in children.

the back or abdomen) TumorIn adults, the most common cause is nephrotic syndrome. In infants, the most common cause is d
 tic use Fever Vomiting or diarrheaYou might not drink enough fluids because of:Loss of appetite due to illness Nausea Sore thro
fants less than 2 months old) Dry mouth or dry eyes Dry skin that sags back into position slowly when pinched up into a fold Fa

al disturbances, nerve damage)Attacks can occur suddenly, usually with severe abdominal pain followed by vomiting and consti
d chemicals to build up in the body.There are many different forms of porphyria. The most common type is porphyria cutanea t

ds while you sleep. The episode is followed by a sudden snort or gasp when breathing resumes. Then, snoring starts all over aga
allergies, especially if it lasts a long time Swelling of the muscular part of the roof of the mouth (soft palate) or uvula, the piece
may need to tell you if this is happeningChildren with chronic snoring should also be evaluated for apnea.Sleep apnea in child
ms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
r may arise anywhere in the body, usually in the long bones of the arms and legs, the pelvis, or the chest. It may also develop in

cyst -- a fluid-filled swelling behind the knee that may occur with swelling (inflammation) from other causes, like arthritis Bursi
ing You have pain, swelling, numbness, tingling, or bluish discoloration in the calf below the sore knee You still have pain after
Proteinuria, the loss of protein especially albumin in the urine Kidney stones, usually only recurrent stone formers. Chronic or re
d for x-ray and other radiographic studies) The internal structures of the kidney, particularly the tissues of the kidney tubule, be
fusion reaction Kidney damage caused by diabetes (diabetic nephropathy) may make a person more susceptible to the conditio

and wastes. One or two days after urine output rises, symptoms reduce and laboratory values begin to return to normal.
ss Drowsiness Confusion, delirium Lethargy Decreased sensation, numbness (especially in the legs) Nausea, vomiting Easy bruis
drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen.About 6 or more pills per day for 3 years increases the risk some for this problem. T
sive use of tranquilizers

ng bladder cancer.Bladder infectionA long-term (chronic) bladder infection or irritation may lead to a certain type of bladder c
bladder cancers in men and several in women may be caused by cigarette smoke.Chemical exposureAbout one in four cases o

vessels. Access may be needed on a short-term (temporary) or long-term (permanent) basis.Temporary access involves placing
H remains between 7.35 and 7.45 Dialysis replaces some of the functions when the kidneys are no longer working. A buildup of
acute renal failure). On occasion, dialysis can be used to quickly remove drugs or poisons from the body.
dialysis.Most dialysis centers have a very busy schedule. Patients who are late may not be able to make up the time. Because t
clothing around the access site or on the arm. Avoid placing pressure on the arm with the access while you sleep. Avoid placing
e to urinate more often.
(atrophic vaginitis) Herpes infection in the genital area Irritation of the vaginal tissue caused by bubble bath, perfumes, or lotio

blood pressure, heart or thyroid conditions, poor blood flow, depression, or neurologic disorders (such as multiple *sclerosis or
stosterone rarely lead to erection problems, but may reduce a man's sex drive.
ction problems seem to be caused by a medication you are taking for an unrelated condition, consult your doctor. You may be
lomerulosclerosis causes about 20 - 25% of all cases of nephrotic syndrome.Known causes include:Heroin use HIV Inherited gen

lty breathing after activityKidney and other symptoms include:Swelling (edema) in any area of the body Burning sensation whe
acs in the lungs and the filtering units (glomureli) of the kidney.These substances are called anti-glomerular basement membra

olvents and can cause the disease

lty breathing after activityKidney and other symptoms include:Swelling (edema) in any area of the body Burning sensation whe
acs in the lungs and the filtering units (glomureli) of the kidney.These substances are called anti-glomerular basement membra

olvents and can cause the disease

ms include nose bleeds, pain, and sores around the opening of the nose. Loss of appetite and weight loss are common. Skin cha

se may return in about half of all patients. In these cases, the disease usually comes back within 2 years of stopping treatment.

se hematuria may be the result of a tumor or other serious problem, a doctor should be consulted.
e: An enlarged prostate in males older than 50 can cause hematuria. Sex: 50% of all women suffer from urinary tract infection a
ay if:You have fever, nausea, vomiting, shaking chills, or pain in your abdomen, side, or back You are unable to urinate You are p

se getting IHDF. These have suggested a lower mortality rate and other favorable outcomes in patients getting IHDF vs. those ge
n extremities, Weakness on clinical examination.
es for instances Bartter, Liddle, Gitelman syndrome etc. Among them, life threatening causes are loss of gastric acid, excessive u

kness on clinical examination.

underactive bladder:Bladder becomes too full and you may leak urine Problems starting to urinate or emptying all the urine fro
jury, the muscles may not be able to tighten or relax at the right time.Disorders of the central nervous system commonly cause

he following:Flank pain Bilateral or unilateral Colicky or severe Urinary tract infection Fever Difficulty or pain while urinating Na
to whether it affects one or both kidneys and whether it occurs suddenly or is long-term:Chronic unilateral obstructive uropat

c unilateral obstruction usually does not cause kidney insufficiency or failure because most patients have normal function from

enough water, profuse sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting) Loss of body fluids from the bloodstream into the tissues due to: Cond
 er has a one-way valve where it enters the bladder that prevents urine from flowing back up the ureter.But in some people, ur

, the other kidney should keep working normally.Reflux nephropathy may cause kidney failure in both children and adults.
ts worse or is difficult to control Kidneys that are not working well, which often occurs suddenly Narrowing of other arteries in
blood pressure to rise.Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing or blockage of the artery that supplies blood to the kidneys.The mos

nce also may be due to:Bladder changes caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Bladder outlet obstruction from an enla

equired to see improvement. A small number of patients need surgery to control their symptoms.
e to urinate once in the early morning hours.
ch as diuretics Overactive bladder syndrome Prostatitis (infection of the prostate gland) Stroke and other brain or nervous syste

equired to see improvement. A small number of patients need surgery to control their symptoms.

, which are common in the legs.)

used by a kidney tumor, which can block blood flow to a vein. This is more common on the left side than the right.

asting (atrophy) does not improve unless surgery is done early in adolescence.
r may also be associated with this disease.
this type of kidney cancer include certain urinary tract problems and enlargement of one side of the body, a condition called he

evelop, particularly cough, chest pain, weight loss, or persistent fevers.

ecent or new events, passed or remote events, or both. the amnesia may be only for specific events or for all events. The prob
to dramatic memory loss unless diseases are involved. Memory loss can be seen with impaired concentration, such as with dep

ecent or new events, passed or remote events, or both. the amnesia may be only for specific events or for all events. The prob
to dramatic memory loss unless diseases are involved.Memory loss can be seen with impaired concentration, such as with depr

he pupils of the eye to light

scles, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) High altitudes Pressure on (compression) the windpipe (trachea) Strangulation

nd the person may have a full or partial return of function. Some patients recover many functions, but have abnormal movemen
s on one side of the head. It may be described as:Burning Sharp SteadyThe pain may occur in, behind, and around one eye. It m
passed down through genes.Scientists do not know exactly what causes cluster headaches, but they appear to be related to the
te medical care. Some of these symptoms include:Changes in alertness Changes in movement or sensation Drowsiness Nausea

of events before the injury or immediately afterNausea and vomitingSeeing flashing lightsFeeling like you have "lost time"The
ess (become unconscious). How long you remain unconscious may be a sign of the severity of the concussion.However, concus
:Changes in behavior or unusual behaviorChanges in speech (slurred, difficult to understand, does not make sense)ConfusionDi
way slowly. You may want to get help from family or friends before making important decisions.
e hearing men's voices than women's voices Problems hearing when there is background noise Voices that sound mumbled or
ng loss can often be treated. They include:Buildup of wax in the ear canal Damage to the very small bones (ossicles) that are rig
e other symptoms, such as ear pain, along with hearing problems You have new headaches, weakness, or numbness anywhere
der, experience light-headedness if they get up too quickly from a lying or seated position. Light-headedness often accompanie

leg, or change in vision or speech Fainting and losing consciousness for more than a few minutesCall your doctor if:You have n

mptoms include:Sounding as though they are mumblingSpeaking softly or in a whisperSpeaking in a nasal or stuffy, hoarse, stra
muscles to work together.Dysarthria may be the result of brain damage due to:Brain tumorDementiaStrokeTraumatic brain inju

r multiple sclerosis lose the ability to speak.Dysarthria caused by medication or poorly fitting dentures can be reversed.Dysarth
to separate out the sounds in words and match them with letters and groups of letters.Because people with DRD have difficulty
h one's ability to think or to understand complex ideas. Most people with DRD have normal intelligence, and many have above-

trollable jerking movements of the arms and legs Complete loss of consciousness

ment, the following measurements may be important and helpful.Keep calm Don't hold the patient, place something soft under
ve to face two life-threatening conditions: status epilepticus and sudden unexplained death.

d find it very annoying. In most cases, you won't even notice when the twitch has stopped.More severe contractions, where the
om your eye Your upper eyelid is drooping

sSeizureNauseaPersonality changesVision problems

Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred

ess common types of headache. Secondary headaches are those that are due to an underlying stuctural problem in the head o
changes in barometric pressure and altitude, inclement weather, or high winds.
underlying problem in the brain. Blood tests: Blood tests include complete blood count, liver, and kidney function tests. The res
en headache associated with a stiff neck Headache accompanying with nausea or vomiting Headache accompanying with fever,

tid artery) Injury to nerves in the neck called the brachial plexus Migraine or cluster headaches Stroke, tumor, or other damage

work, or during a meal or conversation Increased sleep time up to 14 - 18 hours per dayOther symptoms may include anxiety, f
xcessive sleepiness include:Atypical depression Certain medications Drug and alcohol use Low thyroid function (hypothyroidism
s or abnormal sensation in any area Problems moving arms or legs Problems walking Problems with coordination and making sm
body's own immune cells attack the nervous system. This can occur in any area of the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord.It is un
isk of MS, while other factors, such as diet and hormone intake, have had inconclusive results.Lastly, many different microbes

ing typically have the best outlook:Females People who were young (less than 30 years) when the disease started People with

earing of contact lenses, or wearing badly fitted contact lenses Eye disease, injury, or infection (such as chalazion, episcleritis, g
nsitivity is severe or painful -- for example, if you need to wear sunglasses indoors.Also call if the sensitivity occurs with headac

umatoid arthritis, and related conditions Leukemia and lymphoma

bubbling, crawling, creeping, pulling, searing, or tingling May last for 1 hour or longer Sometimes also occur in the upper leg, fe
 regnancy Iron deficiency Use of certain medicationsA form of RLS may be passed down in families. This may be a factor when s

ou do not understand. Take rivastigmine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribe
stigmine solution. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.. tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonp

ore than a few days, talk to your doctor before starting to take it again. You will probably have to restart taking it at a lower do
tigmine solution in the freezer or allow rivastigmine solution to freeze.Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longe

he leg or hip and numbness in other parts. The sensations may also be felt on the back of the calf or on the sole of the foot. Th
part of the lower leg, and the sole of the foot.Common causes of sciatica include:Piriformis syndrome (a pain disorder involving

vis Burning with urination or blood in your urine Pain that is worse when you lie down, or awakens you at night Severe pain and
a prolonged period of time.
n Poor feeding, lack of appetite VomitingThere may not be any physical signs of injury, such as bruising, bleeding, or swelling. In
baby. Still, it is a form of child abuse.Injuries are most likely to happen when the baby is shaken and then the baby's head hits
all 911.If you suspect that a child is being abused, report it immediately. Most states have a child abuse hotline. You may also u
use fatigue and apathy.
disorders (such as sleep apnea syndrome and narcolepsy)

ly partially injured (incomplete).The spinal cord doesn't go below the 1st lumbar vertebra, so injuries at and below this level do
ury can cause spinal cord trauma if the spine is weakened (such as from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoporosis) or if the spinal ca
have other medical problems that make them prone to falling from weakness or clumsiness (from stroke, for example) may als
g the injured spine to prevent further damage to the nervous system.Someone suspected of having a spinal cord injury should
es depends on the level of injury. Injuries near the top of the spine result in more extensive disability than do injuries low in the
lders, upper arms, trunk -- in a cape-like pattern Slowly, but progressively, gets worse Pain down the arms, neck, or into the up
d cavity usually begins in the neck area. It expands slowly, putting pressure on the spinal cord and slowly causing damage.

decompression.
unction problems

me.The drugs that most commonly cause this disorder are older antipsychotic drugs, including:HaloperidolFluphenazineTrifluop

ul attacks of trigeminal neuralgia can be triggered by common, everyday activities, such as:Brushing teeth Chewing Drinking Ea
rve from a swollen blood vessel or tumorOften, no cause is found. Doctors are more likely to find a cause in a person who is yo

l texture (shagreen spots), often on the backBrain symptoms include:Developmental delays Mental retardation SeizuresOther s
ns, so there usually is no family history of tuberous sclerosis.This condition is one of a group of diseases called neurocutaneous
ing cause of this tumor.
had a mild case of tuberous sclerosis that was not diagnosed.The tumors in this disease tend to be noncancerous (benign). How
ments Tinnitus or hearing loss

ness Difficulty walking Numbness

arged portion, that contains hair cells. Rotation of the head causes a flow of fluid, which in turn causes displacement of the top
 on with a balance disorder may experience are:A sensation of dizziness or vertigo (spinning). Falling or a feeling of falling. Light
ies of the visual or skeletal systems, such as eye muscle imbalance and arthritis, may also experience balance difficulties. A con
e left or right upon getting out of bed in the morning, or when looking up for an object on a high shelf. The cause of BPPV is not
o a balance disorder. A person experiencing dizziness should see a physician for an evaluation.The primary physician may reque
based upon symptoms, medical history, general health, examination by a physician, and the results of medical tests.Another tr
hological fracture).Bone fracture (may occur after what seems like a routine movement) Bone pain Limitation of motion Limpin
r risk of later developing post-radiation (after radiation) osteosarcoma. Certain bone diseases: Some bone diseases such as Pag

helps hold your organs in place Desmoid tumor s are also known as aggressive fibromatosis or desmoid -type fibromatosis A de

st for another reason

go away on their own, they can remain the same size, or they can grow quickly Treatment options to discuss with your doctor

h of a protein called beta-catenin in parts of your cells Too much beta-catenin can cause cells to grow when they shouldn’t In s
ing surgery If you want information on your prognosis, it is important to talk to your doctor NCI also has resources to help you
st 75% of head and neck cancers are caused by tobacco and alcohol use. People who use both tobacco and alcohol are at greate
ditions. It is important to check with a doctor or dentist about any of these symptoms. Symptoms that may affect specific areas
50 than they are among younger people.Researchers estimated that more than 65,000 men and women in this country would
, ongoing clinical trials are testing the effectiveness of various medications in preventing head and neck cancers in people who
amination of a sample of tissue under a microscope is always necessary to confirm a diagnosis of cancer.If the diagnosis is canc
erapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of treatments.People who are diagnosed with HPV-positive orophary
es are removed, the flow of lymph in the area where they were removed may be slower and lymph could collect in the tissues,
k cancers. Descriptions of these clinical trials can be accessed by searching NCI’s list of cancer clinical trials, which includes all N
and face Loss of appetite or weight loss Fatigue
micals or materials can also increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Such chemicals include:Asbestos Chemicals such as uran
rapy has been shown to prolong life and improve the quality of life in some patients with stage IV non small cell lung cancer. Cu
ain you are experiencing may be isolated on the upper-right part of your abdomen. It is usually relatively mild pain or no pain a
n deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, and Wilson disease Diabetes Mellitus Aflatoxins Anabolic ster
n with hepatocellular carcinoma has sudden severe abdominal pain is sometimes due to a ruptured carcinoma. This is the resu
Whether cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred
e Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia Feeling very tired all the time Weight loss with no known causeMost often these
oking is the leading cause of lung cancer.The more cigarettes you smoke per day and the earlier you started smoking, the great
garettes, pipes, or cigars can cause lung cancer and why secondhand smoke can cause lung cancer in nonsmokers. The more a

ether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred

ood (hemoptysis) Fever Hoarseness Night sweats Shortness of breath
nto three sections:Anterior (front) Middle Posterior (back)Mediastinal tumors are rare.The most common location for tumors

Unintentional weight loss

d neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life.After treatment, patients g
mp near the joints Pain with activity Numbness or tingling Changes in blood flow (loss of pulse or changes in color of the limb)
nto the brain. Tumors around the eyes may cause bulging of the eye, problems with vision, swelling around the eye, or pain. Tu

and face Loss of appetite or weight loss Fatigue

micals or materials can also increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Such chemicals include:Asbestos Chemicals such as uran
rapy has been shown to prolong life and improve the quality of life in some patients with stage IV non small cell lung cancer. Cu
ar symptoms. It is important to see a doctor to rule out all other possible causes.
sile) tumors are much less common. However, they are more invasive and have a worse outcome.
men may be caused by cigarette smoke. Chemical exposure at work. About one in four cases of bladder cancer is caused by com
cancer-causing chemicals at work You smoke
ht loss, increased pain, decreased bowel and bladder function, and weaknessComplete blood count (CBC) to monitor for anem

umor has spread within the eye or to other places in the body. Whether there are certain changes in the genes linked to intrao
re:Mouth sores Genital sores Other skin sores Swelling of parts of the eye Arthritis (pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints)Les
makes them more likely to develop the disease. For these people, contact with substances in the environment, such as bacteria
e months or even years to have all of the symptoms. There is no cure. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and preventing seri

d find it very annoying. In most cases, you won't even notice when the twitch has stopped.More severe contractions, where the
om your eye Your upper eyelid is drooping

at drains one of these glands.

an area of eyelash loss.

f conjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex) Infectious diseases Poor nutrition River blindness (onchocerciasis -- an infection comm
ed if a whole-body (systemic) disease is suspected.
ory of injury to the eye? What other symptoms do you have? Do you have any trouble with your vision? If so, what type (blurrin
f conjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex) Infectious diseases Poor nutrition River blindness (onchocerciasis -- an infection comm
ed if a whole-body (systemic) disease is suspected.
ory of injury to the eye? What other symptoms do you have? Do you have any trouble with your vision? If so, what type (blurrin

or sensitivity to contact lens solutions and cosmetics Scratches or scrapes on the surface of the cornea (called an abrasion) Som
cles, such as chips from hammering metal on metal, may become embedded in the surface of the cornea. Rarely, they may pas

ith strabismus may also have:Depth perception loss Double vision Vision loss
t direction and is focused on another object.When this occurs, two different images are sent to the brain -- one from each eye.

n sometimes be due to a child's inability to see the blackboard or reading material.

oblem can usually be corrected. Delayed treatment may lead to permanent vision loss in one eye. About one-third of children
 e sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital pseudotumor.

orld where malnutrition is common, vitamin A deficiency is a cause. This is rare in the United States.

d to tiny abrasions on the surface of your eyes.

elid or bulging eyes) Sjogren's syndrome -- includes dry eyes, mouth, and mucus membranes, and often rheumatoid arthritis o
have a dry mouth. Your dry eyes do not respond to self-care measures within a few days.
it involve one or both eyes? Do you have it all of the time or does it only occur at certain times, with certain activities, or in cer
ook at them directly. They do not follow your eye movements precisely, and usually drift when your eyes stop moving.Most pe
e are floaters.However, there are other, more serious causes of floaters, including infection, inflammation (uveitis), hemorrhag

o the sufferer.Increasing background illumination or using a pinhole to effectively decrease pupil diameter may allow a person t
go away completely.Sometimes a section of the vitreous pulls the fine fibers away from the retina all at once, rather than grad

As more and more cells are lost, fluid begins to build up in the cornea, causing swelling and a cloudy cornea.At first, fluid may b
ping the condition.However, the condition may also occur in persons without a known family history of the disease.Fuchs' dyst

eon will evaluate this risk and may modify the technique or the timing of your cataract surgery.

but rare causes include:Autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis Leprosy Lyme disease Tuberculosis

ticularly crucial for patients with corneal transplants.

s tends to become worse over time.

play a role.Also, there is an association between keratoconus and Down syndrome.

he type of cancer and stage at which it is discovered.

he left lens. Center the spectacles within the carriage of the instrument so that the target is centrally aligned within the eyepie

e.The cancer may only be in the eye, or it may spread (metastasize) to another location in the body, most commonly the liver.
ue-eyed people are most often affected.

e chance of survival is much lower.

e blackboard, but they can easily read a book.Nearsightedness gets worse during the growth years. People who are nearsighted
fficult for the eyes to focus light directly on the retina. If the light rays are not clearly focused on the retina, the images you see m
isionCall for an appointment with your eye doctor if you or your child is nearsighted and experiences signs of a possible retinal

nctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis is typically itchy, sometimes distressingly so, and often involves some eye swelling. Chronic allerg
se of contact lenses (especially extended-wear lenses)Conjunctivitis is spread from person-to-person by:Direct contact with th
in young children. Additionally, babies born to mothers infected with either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis a
 ermen, and people living near the equator are often affected. While some studies report a higher prevalence of pterygia in me

training or coughing. This can lead to a bright red, dense bloody area on the white part of the eye. This is called a sub-conjuncti
h care provider if:Your eyes are red longer than 1-2 days. You have eye pain or vision changes. You take blood thinning medicati
ith strabismus may also have:Depth perception loss Double vision Vision loss
t direction and is focused on another object.When this occurs, two different images are sent to the brain -- one from each eye.

n sometimes be due to a child's inability to see the blackboard or reading material.

oblem can usually be corrected. Delayed treatment may lead to permanent vision loss in one eye. About one-third of children

es usually develop over a few days and may drain and heal on their own. A stye can become a chalazion -- this is when an inflam

g of your eyelids. Your whole eyelid is red, or the eye itself is red. You are very sensitive to light or have excessive tears. A stye c
(eyelid cellulitis)
harge from the eye Swelling of lymph nodes just in front of the ears Swollen eyelids Turned-in eyelashes
e trachoma is rare in the United States, certain populations marked by poverty, crowded living conditions, or poor hygiene are

r Panic Unconsciousness Wheezing, crowing, whistling, or other unusual breathing noises indicating breathing difficulty
reactions Croup Epiglottitis (infection of the structure separating the trachea from the esophagus) Fire or burns from breathing
tal. If an acute airway obstruction occurs, call 911 or your local emergency number for medical help. Do what you can to mainta

r air. Panic. Unconsciousness. Wheezing, crowing, whistling, or other unusual breathing noises indicating breathing difficulty.
reactions Croup Epiglottitis (infection of the structure separating the trachea from the esophagus) Fire or burns from breathin
tal. If an acute airway obstruction occurs, call 911 or your local emergency number for medical help. Do what you can to maint

: The age at the time of diagnosis The stage of the cancer The patient's general health
e:Vision complaints, such as a perception that things are jumping or moving Vomiting (in severe cases)
ur brain to interpret your body's position and maintain your balance.Benign positional vertigo develops when a small piece of b

ry stools Bloody stools Light-headedness Paleness Symptoms of chronic liver disease (such as cirrhosis) Vomiting Vomiting bloo
phagus to balloon outward. If these veins break open (rupture), they can cause severe bleeding.The swollen veins (varices) can

s to get rid of excess acetone through the breathing. This is a sign of ketoacidosis, which may occur in diabetes. It is a potentiall
or coffee) Foreign body in the nose (usually in children)Often (but not always) there is a white, yellowish, or bloody discharge

uit or is there a sweet-chemical smell? Does the breath smell like feces? Does the breath smell like alcohol? Have you recently
 ou have a weakened immune system, thrush in the mouth (oral thrush) makes you more likely to get Candida esophagitis.

oanal atresia blocking both sides (bilateral) of the nose causes acute breathing problems with cyanosis and breathing failure. In

a is generally diagnosed shortly after birth while the infant is still in the hospital.
the problems listed here, consult your health care provider. The child may need to be checked by an ear, nose, and throat (EN

me infected. The cyst may get bigger and break down some of the middle ear bones or other structures of the ear, affecting hea

h. It may go the full length of the palate.Other symptoms include:Misaligned teeth Change in nose shape (amount of distortion
lip and palate can affect the appearance of one's face, and may lead to problems with feeding and speech, as well as ear infec

n the mouth to form a sticky substance called plaque that adheres to the teeth. It is most prominent on the back molars, just a
e they remain on the surface of the teeth. Frequent snacking increases the time that acids are in contact with the surface of the

er drilling or dental work.Nitrous oxide with Novocaine may be preferred if you are afraid of dental treatments.
there is a problem with the body's normal reflexes (such as gagging and coughing).Drooling caused by nervous system (neurolo
urs with fever or trouble swallowing may be a sign of a more serious disease, including:Mononucleosis Peritonsillar abscess Ret

ptoms are present (such as fever, sore throat, facial droop)?The tests performed depend on the symptoms that occur with the
nfection in older children or adults include:Ear pain or earache Fullness in the ear Feeling of general illness Vomiting Diarrhea H
nts and children, because the eustachian tubes become easily clogged.Ear infections may also occur in adults, although they are
acifier use Recent ear infection Recent illness of any type (lowers resistance of the body to infection)
d eardrum Symptoms worsen New symptoms appear, especially severe headache, dizziness, swelling around the ear, or twitch

usually low-grade Fussiness in young infants Pus-like drainage from the ear Hearing lossNote: Symptoms may persists or come a
ctionA chronic ear infection occurs when fluid or an infection behind the eardrum does not go away. A chronic ear infection ma

s complications.
h the number of infections.
r an ear infection.Ear pain in adults is less likely to be from an ear infection. What you think is ear pain may actually be coming
this may be a sign of a ruptured eardrum.Symptoms (pain, fever, or irritability) get worse or do not improve within 24 - 48 hou

e long-term effects of plaque deposits. Plaque is a sticky material made of bacteria, mucus, and food debris that develops on th

ute to the development of gingivitis.

ss. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications will ease any discomfort from a rigorous cleaning.Healthy gums are pink an
d feels jabbing. The episodes can occur many times each day, and awaken the person from sleep.It can sometimes be triggered
els pressing on the glossopharyngeal nerve Growths at the base of the skull pressing on the glossopharyngeal nerve Tumors or i

e long-term effects of plaque deposits. Plaque is a sticky material made of bacteria, mucus, and food debris that develops on th

ute to the development of gingivitis.

ss. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications will ease any discomfort from a rigorous cleaning.Healthy gums are pink an
s, or coffee) Foreign body in the nose (usually in children) Often (but not always) there is a white, yellowish, or bloody discharg

d be using single words by 15 months, and simple 2-word sentences by age 2. If they do not reach these milestones, hearing lo
essive (they get worse over time). Other cases of hearing loss stay stable and do not get worse.There are four types of hearing l
ring loss at birth.
der immediately if your child develops a fever, stiff neck, headache, or an ear infection.
s with profound hearing loss will do well with the right combination of treatments.If the baby has a disorder that affects more
y, there are only a few sores.

d will develop the illness.

pleasant taste when biting down on or near the area Visible gap where a tooth did not emerge
tuck in gum tissue or bone for various reasons. It may be that the area is just overcrowded and there's no room for the teeth to

ch will allow an easier removal and better healing. As a person ages, the bone becomes more rigid and complications can deve

of allergies Recent viral illness, respiratory infection, or ear infection Smoking Stress Use of certain prescription or nonprescrip

ainting, persistent vomiting, or vertigo accompanied by fever of more than 101 degrees Fahrenheit.
s to normal. In some cases, hearing loss may be permanent.
white or gray Sometimes red (called erythroplakia, a condition that can lead to cancer) Thick and slightly raised with a hard surf
her tobacco use (smoker's keratosis), especially pipes Holding chewing tobacco or snuff in your mouth for a long period of time

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus and are very contagious. Usually, you will have tenderness, tingling, or burnin

ened immune system (for example, from HIV or cancer) You have other symptoms like fever, skin rash, drooling, or difficulty sw
arge, white patches on the roof of the mouth or on your tongue? How long have you had the mouth sores? More than 2 weeks
arge doses of aspirin or blood-thinning medicine Upper respiratory infection Very cold or very dry airRepeated nosebleeds may
uch as Coumadin, Plavix, or aspirin may cause or worsen nosebleeds.
your doctor if you or your child has repeated nosebleeds, particularly if they are becoming more frequent and are not associat
ly when you press on the nostrils? Did they begin recently? Do they occur frequently or repeatedly? Does the bleeding always
h the number of infections.
r an ear infection.Ear pain in adults is less likely to be from an ear infection. What you think is ear pain may actually be coming
this may be a sign of a ruptured eardrum.Symptoms (pain, fever, or irritability) get worse or do not improve within 24 - 48 hou

Causes of a ruptured eardrum include:Foreign object in the ear canal Injury from a blow to the head, foreign object, very loud n
here is redness or swelling coming out of the ear canal.
re are no other symptoms.
hood cancer or some benign childhood conditions. Radiation due to atomic bomb testing in the Marshall Islands and the 1986

rvival rate:Age over 45 Cancer has spread to distant parts of the body Cancer has spread to soft tissue Large tumor

articles. By keeping the mouth moist, saliva helps to keep dentures, retainers, or other orthodontic appliances in place.There ar

nd tissues at the bottom of the skull (malignant otitis externa) Scratching the ear or inside the ear Getting something stuck in t

and redness of the skull behind the ear

when chewing Sensitivity of the teeth to hot or cold Swollen glands of the neck Swollen area of the upper or lower jaw -- a very
m the root of the tooth and to the bones supporting the tooth.Infection results in a collection of pus (dead tissue, live and dead

Painful gums Profuse gum bleeding in response to any pressure or irritationNote: Symptoms often begin suddenly.
egions of DNA and helps control the activity of particular genes.The IRF6 protein is active in cells that give rise to tissues in the h
has one parent with the condition. Occasionally, an individual who has a copy of the altered gene does not show any signs or s

wetting is common. More than 5 million children in the U.S. wet the bed at night.Children who were dry for at least 6 months an
child's doctor right away.
e type of treatment.

with the ankles apart and the knees just touching. If the bowed legs are still present, the child is called bowlegged.Bowlegs may

nds, fingers, or objects (such as a belt) Bruises in areas where normal childhood activities would not usually result in bruising B
e also have poor impulse control. This prevents them from thinking about what happens as a result of their actions.The rate of c

er gets psychiatric help, such as parenting training and impulse/anger management training.Child protection agencies generally
as pain during a bowel movement or urination, or vaginal itch or discharge Repeated headaches Sleep problems Stomach ache
yone about the abuse. Many cases of abuse are not reported.Abusers are usually men. They tend to know the person they are

scrotum, it is considered descended, even if it is temporarily pulled back (retracted) during a later examination.Some babies ha

or absent testis.
and 5 feet tall) Sparse, absent, or fine textured hair Tooth abnormalities: Peg teeth Widely spaced teeth Teeth present at birth
e condition is seen among the Old Order Amish population of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. It is fairly rare in the general pop

dition and how to care for the patient.

volving bones or the physical structure, intelligence is normal.
ly high fevers every day Rash (trunk and extremities) that comes and goes with the fever Swollen lymph nodes (glands) JRA can
in, fevers, and rash. It is the least common category. Polyarticular JRA involves many joints. This form of JRA may turn into rheu

ose who have only a small number of joints involved. Many patients with JRA eventually go into remission with very little loss of
anges in eating habits Headache New or recurrent bedwetting Nightmares Sleep disturbances Stuttering Upset stomach or vag
e stress can interfere with life, activities, and health. Stress can affect the way people think, act, and feel.Children learn how to

an produce fears and anxiety. Spend calm, relaxed time with your children. Encourage your child to ask questions. Encourage e
rly Fatigue Irritability Jumpiness or shakiness Mood swings NightmaresOther symptoms may include:Clammy skin Enlarged (dil
toms if you have certain other medical problems.
ll for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms persist after treatment.Go to the emergency room or call the
p changes, rapid changes in mood, and fatigue may last for months. People who continue to drink a lot may develop health pro
ain.When you are very stressed, you may notice:A faster heart rate Skipped heartbeats Rapid breathing Sweating Trembling Diz
e of stress. Feelings of stress and anxiety are common in people who feel depressed and sad.Some drugs may cause or worsen s
s that you cannot control. You are having memories of a traumatic event. Do not stop taking any prescribed medicines without
erm heavy use (particularly daily).Withdrawal symptoms may also be associated with suicidal thoughts in some people.During w
binge ends, a crash follows almost immediately. This crash is accompanied by a strong craving for more cocaine. Additional sym

sary. Outpatient care is as effective as inpatient care for most people addicted to cocaine, according to the research.Presently
ni culture as well. Most of them come with the complaints of "drops".. and become extremely anxious about it and see it as los
buse - being unable to stop or reduce alcohol intake Making excuses to use drugs Missing work or school, or a decrease in perfo
, a person's genes, the action of the drug, peer pressure, emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and environmental stress all c
yees with substance abuse problems.

es. They should also have in mind a series of intermediate steps such that once they have partially habituated to one step the n
s out from these areas. The pain may feel like a deep ache, or a shooting, burning pain. The joints are not affected, although th
ch as a virus, although none has been identified
e Sleep disorders

d of this cancer, I will never smoke again.") Depressed mood, sadness, and crying Acceptance, coming to termsPeople who are
ess.Everyone feels grief in their own way. However, there are common stages to the process of mourning. It starts with recogni
spasms in hands and feet Numbness and tingling in the arms or around the mouth Palpitations Shortness of breath Sleep distu
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or pulmonary embolism Panic attack Pregnancy Severe pain Situations where there is a

a can cause undesirable side effects, which increase with higher doses. These side effects include:Decreased short-term memo
it until help arrives.

ble to talk to, comfort, or fully wake up a child who is having a night terror. The child may be sweating, breathing very fast (hyp
3 - 7, and much less common after that.Night terrors may run in families. They can occur in adults, especially when there is em

reavement) Excessive alcohol consumption Illness with a fever Recent withdrawal from a drug, such as sleeping pills Side effect

drawal reactions are very uncomfortable but are not life threatening.Symptoms usually start within 12 hours of last heroin usa
the drug to prevent symptoms of withdrawal. Over time, greater amounts of the drug become necessary to produce the same

lems in social and work situations.The severity of these conditions ranges from mild to severe.
ality disorder Borderline personality disorder Dependent personality disorder Histrionic personality disorder Narcissistic person

ple even drive a car while they are asleep.The episode can be very brief (a few seconds or minutes) or it can last for 30 minutes
leepwalking (somnambulism) most often occurs during deep, non-REM sleep (stage 3 or stage 4 sleep) early in the night. If it o
as driving) while sleepwalking
e to prevent injuries such as falling down stairs or climbing out of a window.
th high-level tasks such as planning, organising, initiating, monitoring and adapting behaviour." Adele Diamond has recently po
in.When you are very stressed, you may notice:A faster heart rate (palpitations) Skipped heartbeats Rapid breathing Sweating T
e of stress. Feelings of stress and anxiety are common in people who feel depressed and sad.Some drugs may cause or worsen s
s that you cannot control. You are having memories of a traumatic event.Do not stop taking any prescribed medicines without
reatment of drug abuse for yourself or a family member
changing behavior, especially calmness after a period of anxiety Losing interest in activities that they used to enjoy Performing
s impossible to deal with. Many who make a suicide attempt are seeking relief from:Feeling ashamed, guilty, or like a burden to
young people Romantic breakup

care right away. Do not dismiss the person as just trying to get attention.

nts, handling and labeling of specimens, or other special procedures may be required.

of substances in the body for medical or legal purposes.Additional reasons the test may be performed:Alcoholism Alcohol with
that have not been prescribed, and illegal drugs have not been detected.A blood toxicology screen can determine the presence

nclude:Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling light-headed Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight ris

s fluid prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream.The fluid buildup also makes the lungs heavy and stiff, and d
r (such as 911) or go to the emergency room.
r they recover. This is due to brain damage that occurred when the lungs weren't working properly and the brain wasn't getting

reathed in. Often, people do not notice symptoms for 20 years or more after the asbestos exposure.Asbestos fibers were comm
ma tend to have a poor outcome. About 75% of those who are affected die within 1 year.
sweating Swallowing difficulty
astroesophageal reflux) Drinking large amounts of alcohol Medicine to put you into a deep sleep for surgery (general anesthesia

on pneumonia have other serious health problems, which may affect the outlook for recovery.

object in the airway (most common in children) Lung diseases Mucus that plugs the airway Pressure on the lung caused by a b

aby or small child, or someone who has another lung disease or illness. The collapsed lung usually reinflates slowly if the blocka
m to go away completely.The most common symptoms of pneumonia are:Chills. Cough (with Legionella pneumonia, you may c
ias. It is usually mild. Pneumonia due to Legionella is seen more often in middle-aged and older adults, smokers, and those with

lood Cough that gets worse when lying on one side Fatigue Paleness Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise Weight
e condition can also be caused by routinely breathing in food particles while eating.

y WheezingEven after acute bronchitis has cleared, you may have a dry, nagging cough that lingers for several weeks.Additiona
e airways, in addition to the virus.Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition. People have a cough that produces excessive mu

a bad smell You feel short of breath or have chest pain You have an underlying chronic illness, like heart or lung disease
hitis. Early recognition and treatment, combined with smoking cessation, significantly improve the chance of a good outcome.
rted is numbed (local anesthesia). Sometimes you will be given medication to make you relaxed and sleepy (sedation) through
on of fat in the chest (chylothorax). Lung abscesses or pus in the chest (empyema).

-expand the lung, help with drainage, and prevent fluids from collecting in the lungs. Chest x-rays are done often while a chest
a) with CMV pneumonia often predicts death, especially in patients who need mechanical ventilation.
onUsually CMV produces no symptoms, but serious CMV infections can occur in people with weakened immune systems from c

ss common symptoms are hemoptysis, chest pain and night sweats.

mportant to keep track of the number of times an inhaler was used, so that it can be replaced after its recommended number of
ing tobacco; however, there has also been a recent increase in the sale and consumption of smokeless tobacco products, such
e as harmful and express a desire to reduce or stop using it, and nearly 35 million of them want to quit each year7. Unfortunate
such as shortness of breath or feeling tired after very little effort.
hich makes it hard for a person to take a deep breath. As a result, the blood has too much carbon dioxide and not enough oxyg

y. Lung abscess. Trauma or injury to the chest.In rare cases, empyema can occur after a needle is inserted through the chest w

isease are older than 50. Smoking does not increase your risk of developing this disease, but it may have an additional harmful
 rrots, parakeets, and budgerigars, although other birds have also caused the disease.

ary nodule if you have:Tuberculosis or been exposed to TB Infectious lung diseases caused by fungus, such as: Histoplasmosis C

ptoms of general discomfort or uneasiness often occur:Fatigue (one of the most common symptoms in children) Fever Joint ach
ts the lungs.Possible causes of sarcoidosis include:Extreme immune response to infection High sensitivity to environmental fac
oung children. A person with a close blood relative who has sarcoidosis is nearly five times as likely to develop the condition.

ath rate from sarcoidosis is less than 5%. Causes of death include:Bleeding from the lung tissue Heart damage, leading to heart
lambda sign on gallium scan
e sent to a laboratory for testing (pleural fluid analysis). You will sit on a bed or on the edge of a chair or bed. Your head and ar
may be also performed for the following conditions:Asbestos-related pleural effusion. Collagen vascular disease. Drug reaction

ailure Infection Inflammation Malnutrition Kidney diseaseIf your health care provider suspects that you have an infection, a cu

st 2 to 3 days of a cold. A cold is usually not contagious after the first week.

hills Shortness of breath (may only occur when you climb stairs)Other symptoms include:Confusion, especially in older people E
tial virusPeople who are at risk for more serious viral pneumonia often have a weakened immune system, including:Adult HIV /

may be mild, or it can be so severe that you are unable to move. Depending on the cause of your back pain, you may also have
ght.Low back pain is the number two reason that Americans see their doctor-- second only to colds and flus. Many back-related
ody vibration (such as truck driving or using a sandblaster)
en you lie down or that wakes you up at night Redness or swelling on the back or spine Severe pain that does not allow you to

patellae Gout (especially found in the big toe) Infections caused by a virus, including Epstein-Barr viral syndrome Hepatitis Influ
cularly if you have other unexplained symptoms.
move. Depending on the cause of your back pain, you may also have pain in your leg, hip, or bottom of your foot. See: Sciatica
ng of pain.The specific part of your back that is responsible for your pain is sometimes difficult to identify. There are several po
ody vibration (such as truck driving or using a sandblaster)

develops in the connective tissue on the palm side of the hand and eventually develops into a cord-like band. In severe cases,

d skin with puckered appearance

llergic reactions, but their exact function is unknown.
 breath Chest pain
posture of teen-agers

al symptoms iand round back deformity.

pain Shortening of the leg, or legs of unequal length Wasting of muscles in the upper thigh
blood supply returns over several months, bringing in new bone cells. The new cells gradually replace the dead bone over 2 - 3

ip joint. Children older than age 6 are more likely to end up with a deformed hip joint, despite treatment, and may later develo
gers or toes might turn white and then purplish blue. After warming, the fingers or toes turn red. Swollen fingers or hands: Som
ctive tissue diseases, your immune system attacks the fibers that provide the framework and support for your body. Researcher

tenderness Joint stiffness: It may be noticeable when you wake up in the morning or after a period of inactivity. Limited movem

e skin and nail changes. Often, the skin gets worse at the same time as arthritis.Signs and symptoms come and go, depending o
wn, but genes, body defence mechanisms and environmental factors may play a role.

d nails Comorbid conditions

numb, cold, or painful Turn red, throb, tingle, burn, or feel numb as blood flow returns to the affected areas Skin ulcersDiseases

ng caused by kidney failure and build-up of toxic chemicals in the blood Severe abdominal pain with hemorrhaging (due to deat
rs don't know why these masses form. It is most common in people aged 40 - 60. Men are twice as likely to develop the conditi

ptoms appear.Morning stiffness in the joints Joint pain Joint swelling Rheumatoid nodules: Firm bumps of tissue under the skin

nodules or not: Patients with subcutaneous nodules seem to have a more severe form of the disease. Rheumatoid factor, anti-C
n the two arms High blood pressure (hypertension)
the world. Several genes that increase the chance of having this problem were recently found. Takayasu arteritis appears to be

on and pain where the tendon is attached to the bone.

wdriver) can lead to this condition. Therefore, painters, plumbers, construction workers, cooks, and butchers are all more likely
This is the first time you have had these symptoms Home treatment does not relieve the symptoms

e burns or severe frostbite Wounds that do not heal

 ntom pain. The joint closest to the part that is amputated loses its range of motion, making it hard to move. This is called joint
he days before your surgery, you may be asked to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen (such as Advil or Motrin), warfarin (Coumadin)
d. This will be taken out after a few days.Before leaving the hospital, you will begin learning how to:Use a wheelchair or a walke
which can be life-threatening.If appendicitis is suspected, a doctor will often suggest surgery without conducting extensive dia
mes sharp and severe. The pain often moves into your right lower abdomen and becomes more focused in this area.Other sym

g:Buildup of pus (abscess), which may need draining and antibiotics. Longer hospital stays. Side effects from medications.
done.Laboratory testsBlood tests are used to check for signs of infection, such as a high white blood cell count. Blood tests ma
mplicated appendectomy, your surgeon will usually advise you to:Get up and walk around the day of the surgery. Keep the incis
rs who have died. Tissue banks screen these donors and disinfect and test the donated bone to make sure it is safe to use.In so

milk or in the ductal structures that transport it to the nipple.Examination can be done by the clinician (Clinical Breast Exam - CB
der general anesthesia (unconscious and unable to feel pain). The surgeon will make a 5 to 7 inch incision in the upper right pa
ea of your belly (epigastric pain) Nausea and vomiting Indigestion Infection

t. Injury to the small intestine. Pancreatitis (inflammation in the pancreas).

ur doctor or nurse:If you are or might be pregnant. What drugs, vitamins, and other supplements you are taking, even ones you
f pain, or a fever, you may need to stay in the hospital longer. Some people may experience mild diarrhea after the procedure,t
cut makes the opening to the vagina bigger. The cut is stitched closed after the baby and placenta have been delivered.
the baby's head or shoulders are too big for the mother's vaginal opening, or the baby is in a breech position (feet or buttocks

fort with medication and ice in the first 24 hours, followed by warm baths.
ng through.Your surgeon will then use stitches to wrap the upper part of your stomach around the end of your esophagus. This
hroat or chest, burping or gas bubbles, or have trouble swallowing food or fluids. Part of your stomach is getting stuck in your c

g after meals. These symptoms slowly get better for most people. Pain and difficulty when you swallow, for some people. This
ometry (to measure gases) or pH monitoring (to see how much stomach acid is in your esophagus).Always tell your doctor or n
fter open surgery.

instructions may be given to you. You should stop taking all aspirin, aspirin containing products, Vitamins and herbs two weeks
fter you have used the antiseptic soap. Do not apply any powders or deodrants.

not relieved quickly, the testicle may be lost permanently. This condition is extremely painful. Call 911 or see your health care p

veins of the legs, although it may occur elsewhere. Varicose veins are common, affecting mostly women.Causes include:Defecti

pain or swelling, fever, redness of the leg, or leg ulcers

 he allergen plays a role in the symptoms you develop. For example:Allergens that are breathed in often cause a stuffy nose, itch
als such as histamines. which fight off the allergen. This causes itching, swelling, mucus production, muscle spasms, hives, rash

ng allergies. They are not used to treat food allergies because of the danger of a severe reaction. Allergy shots may require year
ess Slurred speech Wheezing
es the whole body.Tissues in different parts of the body release histamine and other substances. This causes the airways to tigh

ll if irritated. The deeper swelling of angioedema may also be painful.Other symptoms may include:Abdominal cramping. Breat
(scales of shed skin). Exposure to water, sunlight, cold or heat. Foods (such as berries, shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, milk, and other

without sputum (phlegm) production Pulling in of the skin between the ribs when breathing (intercostal retractions) Shortness
).Common asthma triggers include:Animals (pet hair or dander) Dust Changes in weather (most often cold weather) Chemicals

% of your personal bestGo to the emergency room if:Drowsiness or confusion develops There is severe shortness of breath at re

erent parts of the body. Nausea, vomiting. Rapid pulse. Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations).
fferent ways:The first time you take the medicine, you have no problems, but your body's immune system produces a substance

a. Difficulty swallowing. Itching of the mouth, throat, eyes, skin, or any area. Lightheadedness or fainting. Nasal congestion. Nau
globulin E (IgE) antibodies to a particular food.Although many people have a food intolerance, food allergies are less common. I
lergic reaction to a food should be evaluated by an allergy specialist.

Dark circles under the eyes Puffiness under the eyes Fatigue and irritability Headache Memory problems and slowed thinking
old, animal dander, dust, and similar inhaled allergens.)The pollens that cause hay fever vary from person to person and from r

may include:Breathlessness, especially with activity. Cough, often dry. Loss of appetite. Unintentional weight loss.
ed by exposure to dust from moldy hay, straw, and grain. These exposures can lead to lung inflammation and acute lung diseas

ausing substances on the skin, usually the forearm, upper arm, or the back. Then, the skin is pricked so the allergen goes under
related medications are the only drug allergies that can be tested using skin tests. Skin tests for allergies to other drugs can be

u are more sensitive to the substance.People can have a positive response with allergy skin testing, but not have any problems
turns white. This is called blanching.
angioedema. Swelling from angioedema can also occur around your hands, feet, and throat.Many substances can trigger hives
 ds can be powerful and effective, according to those who advocate their use. Whatever the treatment regime, it is important t
vere, sudden, persistent, or constant. The pain may radiate to the groin, buttocks, or legs. Clammy skin Nausea and vomiting S

e arms and legs as the acute aortic syndrome gets worseSymptoms are caused by a decrease of blood flowing to the rest of the
oracic) part of the artery, but it may also occur in the abdominal part.When a tear occurs, it creates two channels:One in which
an syndrome and rare genetic disorders Pregnancy Swelling of the blood vessels due to conditions such as arteritis and syphilis

oidism Liver dysfunction Small penis

roblems Swelling in the arms and legs Weak hand grip Weight lossOther symptoms that may occur with this disease:Decreased
enlargement Kidney failure Nephrotic syndrome Neuropathy (nerves that do not work properly) Orthostatic hypotension (abno

pture is high.
nteric artery aneurysm) An artery in the spleen (splenic artery aneurysm)High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and cigarette sm

ssure just like a huge stone on your chest or like a rope stringing your chest. Feeling of indigestion: Loss of appetite, nausea or v
ny cardiovascular diseases. Smokers' risk of developing coronary heart disease is 2–4 times than that of nonsmokers. Besides, it
oulders, arms, jaws, neck or abdomenThese symptoms suggest that the person need to go to hospital to verify whether there a
ssure just like a huge stone on your chest or like a rope stringing your chest. Feeling of indigestion: Loss of appetite, nausea or v
ny cardiovascular diseases. Smokers' risk of developing coronary heart disease is 2–4 times than that of nonsmokers. Besides, it
oulders, arms, jaws, neck or abdomenThese symptoms suggest that the person need to go to hospital to verify whether there a

normal blood clots (thrombi) that may damage organs.Often, patients with this condition will have a blood clot at a young age

osebleed Hypertension Muscle weakness Leg cramps or cold feet Poor growthOther health problems may also cause these sym
tic coarctation is one of the more common heart conditions that are present at birth (congenital heart conditions). It is usually

e arms and legs as the aortic dissection gets worseSymptoms are caused by a decrease of blood flowing to the rest of the body
) part of the artery, but it may also occur in the abdominal part.When a tear occurs, it creates two channels:One in which blood
ctive tissue disorders Heart surgery or procedures Marfan syndrome and rare genetic disorders Pregnancy Swelling of the bloo

oes away with rest Fainting Fatigue, excessive tiredness Irregular, rapid, racing, pounding, or fluttering pulse Palpitations (sensa
eful pulse (bounding pulse). Over time, the heart becomes less able to pump blood to the body.In the past, rheumatic fever wa
nature. The pain increases with exercise, relieved with rest. The patient feels pain under the chest bone, it may move to other a
tenosis. Worldwide, aortic stenosis occurs most commonly in those who've had rheumatic fever, a condition that may develop
els.People who had rheumatic fever as a child also have a somewhat higher risk of developing aortic stenosis, but rheumatic fev

shortness of breath and leg swelling, generally do poorly without surgery. However, surgery does have the potential to cure a
uspid aortic valve has only two. It may, therefore, not open or close completely.A bicuspid aortic valve is a common abnormalit
must therefore pump more blood forward to make up for the blood that is leaking backwards. Either way the extra work may ca
chocardiogram may show enlargement of the heart, and can help to measure the degree of stenosis or regurgitation. A cardiac
es of the valves that your cardiothoracic surgeon might use are pictured below.
ves is their excellent durability. From a practical standpoint, they do not wear out. The principle disadvantage is that there is a t
nergy and ultimately requires extra blood flow to the heart itself. If there is not enough blood flow, the heart becomes ischemic

ents should experience few if any restrictions to activity. A patient will require preventative or prophylactic antibiotics whenev
st near the sternum (breastbone). Muscles in the area will be divided. This allows the surgeon to reach your heart and aortic va
our heart works. Your heart valve has been damaged by endocarditis (infection of the heart valve).A minimally invasive procedu

other organs, nerves, or bones. Heart attack, stroke, or death. Infection of the new valve. Irregular heartbeat that must be trea
k period before surgery, you may be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot. These might cause in
heart and body stronger.You may have two to three tubes in your chest to drain fluid from around your heart. These are usually
people are connected to a heart-lung bypass machine or bypass pump. Your heart is stopped while you are connected to this m
harm how well your heart works. Your heart valve has been damaged by infection of the heart valve (endocarditis). You have re

people who are obese, have diabetes, or have already had this surgery Infection of the new valve Kidney failure Memory loss a
d before surgery, you may be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot. These might cause increased
e intravenous (IV, in a vein) lines to deliver fluids. Nurses will closely watch monitors that show information about your vital sign
symptoms in your intestines, kidneys, legs, and brain.
king them.Either way, the blockage starves tissues of blood and oxygen, which can result in damage or tissue death.This is a com

ess, light-headedness Fainting (syncope) FatigueNote: Symptoms may begin or stop suddenly.
art's natural pacemaker.The signal leaves the SA node and travels through the two upper chambers (atria). Then the signal pass

, vitamins, herbs, and supplements.You may have been given medicines to change your heartbeat or to slow it down. Some are

aking or understanding speech. Dizziness, loss of balance, or falling. Severe headache. Bleeding.
dness Fainting Fatigue Loss of ability to exercise Shortness of breath
Parts of the heart cannot contract in a coordinated pattern.As a result, the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body'

s and signs of left atrial myxomas often mimic mitral stenosis.General symptoms may also be present, such as:Blueness of skin,
trium of the heart, usually growing out of the wall that divides the two upper chambers of the heart. The rest are in the right at
, it can block blood flow through the mitral valve and cause symptoms of mitral stenosis. This may require emergency surgery t
ms may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor
es not close completely In rare cases, the hole may spontaneously close after birth. Shunting refers to when the blood flows fro
n men, the female-to-male ratio of 2:1. More common in families with a history of genetic problems and other congenital heart
ing of the heart

tness of breath. With a small to moderate atrial septal defect, a person may live a normal life span without symptoms. Larger d
chambers. In both partial and complete defects there is an increased, extra amount of blood that circulates to the lungs.Comp

ct Expectant mothers who: Contract German measles or other viral illnesses in the first trimester Drink too much alcohol during

or surgical. These preventative antibiotics help minimize the potential risk of complications such as endocarditis, a bacterial inf
breath with activity Swelling of the lower legs
who abuse alcohol. Drinking heavily can lead to poor nutrition, and excess alcohol makes it harder for the body to absorb and

ay remain even with treatment.If a patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy receives thiamine replacement, language problem
skinIf a baby has other congenital heart problems, they may cause symptoms that will lead to the discovery of a bicuspid aortic
e of this problem is unclear, but it is the most common congenital heart disease. It often runs in families.The bicuspid aortic va

ey have this problem.

er than one year. It is characterized by sudden and unexplained death, usually during sleep.Sudden unexplained nocturnal dea
ritical role in maintaining the heart's normal rhythm. Mutations in the SCN5A gene alter the structure or function of the channe

Systemic lupus erythematosus

y affects men ages 20 to 40 who have a history of heavy smoking or chewing tobacco. Only 1 out of 10 patients are women.The

ht also known as nocturia Swelling of the ankles, the legs, or other part of the bodyDiseases with similar symptoms:Coronary ar
h a peripheral neuropathy or the kidney. Cardiac amyloidosis usually occurs as part of primary amyloidosis (AL type amyloidosi
e over 40: The disease is rare in people under age 40.

be very mild, or they may be severe or even life-threatening.Common symptoms that may occur when the arrhythmia is prese
s natural pacemaker.The signal leaves the SA node and travels though the heart along a set electrical pathway.Different nerve

r usual routine, then gradually work back to your full routine. Please ask your doctor about your exercise instructions.

ness of breath that does not go away with rest. Your pulse feels irregular -- it is very slow (fewer than 60 beats a minute) or very
dishes and ask that any sauces or butter be left off. Ask for low-calorie salad dressing or a lemon to squeeze on your salad inste
cream dressings, chopped eggs, croutons, olives and bacon bits. Ask that your food be made without butter or cream sauces. Y
s caused by bacterial or viral infections Wounds to the heart Heart tumors Hypothyroidism Kidney failure Placement of central

s and signs of left atrial myxomas often mimic mitral stenosis.General symptoms may also be present, such as:Blueness of skin,
trium of the heart, usually growing out of the wall that divides the two upper chambers of the heart. The rest are in the right at

, it can block blood flow through the mitral valve and cause symptoms of mitral stenosis. This may require emergency surgery t

g open (rupture) of the heart muscle due to damage from the heart attack Dangerous heart rhythms, such as ventricular tachyc

mogenic right ventricular dysplasia, although it's rare in both groups.Certain diseases, conditions, or factors can raise your risk f

. Others may have serious symptoms and complications.

ck a day have over two times the risk of stroke compared to nonsmokers.Two uncommon conditions called Marfan syndrome

rn into ventricular fibrillation (VF) in which the ventricles quiver and are unable to pump blood. This sudden loss of heart functi
parents to have it. In other cases, CPVT is autosomal recessive which means you need an abnormal gene from both of your par

d to describe this is a sentinel headache. This means the headache could be a warning sign of a rupture days or weeks after the
eurysms can reach well over 2 centimeters. These are more common in adults. Multiple berry aneurysms are inherited more o

nally develop, they may include:Constipation Digestive problems Pain in the abdomen Swallowing difficulties

urs within several years.

can cause chest pain:Angina is a type of heart-related chest pain. This pain occurs because your heart is not getting enough blo
onger than usual. Your angina symptoms occur at rest. You have sudden sharp chest pain with shortness of breath, especially a
bed as a sense of heaviness, squeezing, pressure, or band like tightness. Most anginal discomfort is located in the center of the

y limited when the muscles of the heart have to work harder during exercise or when a person is under stress. {{#ev:youtube|G
ou can't change include:Age Family history of early coronary artery disease. Previous heart attack Having other diseases that aff
doses of nitroglycerin or is worsening, call 911 immediately as these symptoms could be the signs of a heart attack (also called

sitting or lying down Extremities that are bluish in color, and may feel cold when you touch them Ulcerations or sores on your e
gid and constricted, which can restrict the blood flow through them.Since arteries carry oxygen to your muscles, this can be a s
clerosis Peripheral artery disease

y and a normal life span.

heart Pulmonary atresia Some forms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return Ebstein's anomalyNon-cyanotic:Ventricular s

on ordinary exertion or greater shortness of breath with usual activities Fainting Fatigue Hemoptysis or frothy sputum Nocturia
he blood out of the heart very well. This is called systolic heart failure.Your heart muscles are stiff and do not fill up with blood

hortness of breath Patients can not lie in flat at night, even orthopnea. Hemoptysis or congh pink frothy sputum
e have the poorest prognosis, while patients with class I have the best.Heart function: The ejection fraction of left ventricle (LVE

arent cause.

art. When the right ventricle is unable to properly pump against these abnormally high pressures, it is called cor pulmonale.Alm

bility Hemoptysis Orthopnea Palpitation Signs of systemic embolismOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. On

uld go back to taking the medications you were on before the procedure. Be sure your doctor knows about everything you are

r usual routine, then gradually work back to your full routine. Please ask your doctor about your exercise instructions.

ing from it. You have chest pain or shortness of breath that does not go away with rest. Your pulse feels irregular -- very slow (
icines, haven't worked. He or she also may recommend CABG if you have severe blockages in the large coronary (heart) arterie
o eat or drink, what medicines to take, and what activities to stop (such as smoking). You'll likely be admitted to the hospital on
nontraditional surgery in which small incisions (cuts) are made to bypass the blocked or narrowed artery.This type of surgery us
eart sac. This complication sometimes is seen 1 to 6 weeks after surgeries that involve cutting through the pericardium (the out
have a tube in your bladder to drain urine and a tube to drain fluid from your chest. You may receive oxygen therapy (oxygen g
t. You feel it under your breast bone (sternum), but also in your neck, arms, stomach, or upper back. The pain usually occurs wi
s of breath, heart attack, and other symptoms, usually when you are active.Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause o
ory of heart disease -- especially if they had it before age 50. Your risk for CHD goes up the older you get.Diabetes is a strong ris
cium, the higher your chance for CHD CT angiography -- a noninvasive way to perform coronary angiography Coronary angiogra
gression or rupture in other involved segments of the artery. Most studies report the same outcome with PCI and CABG, but th
the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm. On

ecommend different starting ages.)Follow-up screening should be done every 5 yearsScreening is done for anyone who develop
200 mg/dL (lower numbers are desired) Triglycerides: 10 - 150 mg/dL (lower numbers are desired) VLDL: 2 - 38 mg/dLTalk to yo

r the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

uld go back to taking the medications you were on before the procedure. Be sure your doctor knows about everything you are

r usual routine, then gradually work back to your full routine. Please ask your doctor about your exercise instructions.

ing from it. You have chest pain or shortness of breath that does not go away with rest. Your pulse feels irregular -- very slow (
t rest May occur at the same time each day, usually between midnight and 8:00 AM Lasts from 5 to 30 minutes It is usually seve
ar normal during angiography, but it does not function normally.
gered by:Alcohol withdrawal, Emotional stress, Exposure to cold, Medications that cause narrowing of the blood vessels (vasoc
ttack, seek immediate medical help.

ts may form when something causes the flow of blood in the veins to slow or change.{{#ev:youtube|CETfozL0cQg}}
ily history of blood clots Fractures in the pelvis or legs Giving birth within the last 6 months Heart failure Obesity Recent surger

lood clots in the lower leg or other parts of the body.

de:Headache (especially behind the eyes) Fatigue Joint aches Muscle aches Nausea Swollen lymph nodes Vomiting
eing seen more in world travelers.Dengue fever should not be confused with dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is a separate di
r development sustains the reservoir for disease and is a risk factor. Risk factors for severe disease include being a neonate or y

ch the heart is a mirror image of the normal heart, and no other problems exist. This condition is rare. Usually in this case, the
od that any future children may be born with dextrocardia.Expectant mothers who consume alcohol and illicit drugs during pre
due to infections. This is at least partially preventable with daily antibiotics.

lying down (or being asleep) for a while Swelling of feet and ankles (in adults)
o the heart (such as drugs used to treat cancer) Abnormal heart rhythms in which the heart beats very fast for a long period of

nd cut off blood supply to various organs such as the liver, brain, or kidney. These organs will then be damaged and may stop f

second type of pericarditis) Malaise (general ill feeling) Splinting of ribs (bending over or holding the chest) with deep breathing
pericarditis). It occurs several weeks or months after a heart attack, heart surgery, or other trauma to the heart. Dressler's synd
hlessness may occur. Lung disease can cause breathlessness. Sometimes emotional distress, such as anxiety, can lead to difficul
f breath Very fast heartbeat
se leaflets or flaps allow blood to flow from the right atrium (top chamber) to the right ventricle (bottom chamber) while the h

he rest of the body. Other heart defects that can lead to Eisenmenger syndrome include:Atrioventricular canal defect Atrial sep
ng the likelihood that any future children may be born with Eisenmenger's syndrome.During pregnancy, expectant mothers exp

cardiologist or computer will be added) down left is the'paper speed' (25 mm/s on the horizontal axis), the sensitivity (10mm/
ally stimulated they depolarize (the resting potential changes from negative to positive) and contract.As the impulse spreads th

r usual routine, then gradually work back to your full routine. Please ask your doctor about your exercise instructions.

der the nails) Night sweats (may be severe) Paleness Red, painless skin spots on the palms and soles (Janeway lesions) Red, pai
eys, or spleen. Most people who develop infectious endocarditis have underlying heart disease or valve problems. However, an
acteria to enter the bloodstream.

t year (http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2296/8/6/) which drops to $1,170 in the second year once the patient is at a mor

old. The survival of an atrial fibrillation patient may depend upon co-morbidities. Although post CABG atrial fibrillation may hav

te of stroke per year. In our population of 200 patients, there would be expected to be 1.12 fewer strokes. If each stroke costs
DC to be $100,000. The net total cost would therefore be $100,535. Patients with stroke have a 2.3 fold higher mortality, so sur
data mix present cost with future costs. Some cost estimates are old. There may be heterogeneity in costs of stroke, bleeding a
BP per life, or around 30,000 GBP per life year gained. The judgment of our health economists is that somewhere in the region
cs, especially with regular useFatigue can also occur with the following illnesses:Addison's disease Anorexia or other eating diso
p and fall back to sleep many times during the night You have headaches You are taking any medications, prescription or non-pr

ery or have a milder case or a more severe case than your family member's fibromuscular dysplasia. In addition, not everyone w

tion on to another person. Symptoms in men include:Burning and pain while urinating Increased urinary frequency or urgency D
he reproductive tract (which includes the fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix). The bacteria can even grow in the eyes. Health ca

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es away and comes back. The discomfort can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. It can be mild or sev
e plaque. If the clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block the flow of oxygen -rich blood to the part of the h
tes (high blood sugar)Risk factors that you can't change include:Age: Risk increases for men older than 45 years and for women

an hour of the first symptoms and before they reach the hospital.
egree heart block.
antibodies that attack and damage the body's tissues or cells.In pregnant patients, antibodies can cross the placenta. (The place
mb.) These antibodies may damage the baby's heart and lead to congenital heart block.Congenital heart defects also may resu

ve second-degree heart block need pacemakers. This device uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate.
e to grow normally (in infants) Heavy sweating with minimal or no exertion Chest pain Dizziness Fainting
ase in the amount of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism)In children the cause mostly due to structural problems of the heart (c

spond to other treatmentsHeart transplant surgery may NOT be used in patients who:Are malnourished Are older than age 55 -
he use of rejection medications Increased risk for infections due to anti-rejection medications Rejection of the heart Severe cor
r transplant team will ask you to stay fairly close to the hospital for the first 3 months. You will need to have regular check-ups w

mericas, hantaviruses cause a different disease known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

in or onto the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth. In addition, individuals who work with live rodents can be expo
d mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), which carries Dobrava virus.
of the eyes, or a rash. Later symptoms can include low blood pressure, acute shock, vascular leakage, and acute kidney failure,
ce of hantavirus RNA sequences in blood or tissue.
correct severe fluid overload. Intravenous ribavirin, an antiviral drug, has been shown to decrease illness and death associated

leaning rodent-infested areas.

macrocephaly)
mptoms to appear later in life.

uding stiffness Mental retardation that gets worse over time Thick, coarse facial features with low nasal bridge
e enzyme, glycosaminoglycans build up and damage organs, including the heart. Symptoms can range from mild to severe.Hurl

density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: often called bad cholesterolThere are several genetic disorders (passed down through fam
confusion, changes in your vision, or nosebleeds you may have a severe and dangerous form of high blood pressure called mal
Increased salt intake Increased youalcohol intake Vitamin D Deficiency Family history of high blood pressure Genetic diseases
y state and have hostile attitudes.There is a debate over Hypertension to be more common among black population as compar
on difficulty,dizziness,loss of consciousness,chest pain,leg and arm weakness,nausea,vomiting and fatigue one should seek for u
controlled it can lead to various complications as are described below.So it is always important to maintain a healthy diet and a
e, including:Weakness Fatigue Headache Nausea loss of appetite weight loss increased or decreased in urine volume itchy skin
eat (palpitations) Shortness of breath Other symptoms that may occur are:Fatigue, Reduced activity tolerance, Shortness of bre
rophic cardiomyopathy. However, the condition is seen in people of all ages.
very abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), or from the blockage of blood leaving the heart to the rest of the body.

at a young age.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a well-known cause of sudden death in athletes. Almost half of deaths in hype

kalemia include:Antibiotics (penicillin, nafcillin, carbenicillin, gentamicin, amphotericin B, foscarnet) Diarrhea (including the use

reathing Shortness of breathIn healthy newborns, bluish color in the hands and feet is a response to cold (this reaction is called
ventricle and other structures, including the:Aorta - the blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to th

ing postprandial orthostatic hypotension Neurally mediated hypotension (NMH) Severe hypotension brought on by a sudden lo
Call your doctor immediately if you have any of the following symptoms:Black or maroon stools Chest pain Dizziness, lighthead

yer, remote controls, and microwave. There are several devices you should keep at least 12 inches away from the site where yo

nted. You are dizzy, have chest pain, or are short of breath. You have hiccups that do not go away. You were unconscious for a
the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

y? Did the stent deployment compromise blood flow in any branch vessels? Are there any tears in the vessel such as proximal o
d to describe this is a sentinel headache. This means the headache could be a warning sign of a rupture days or weeks after the
eurysms can reach well over 2 centimeters. These are more common in adults. Multiple berry aneurysms are inherited more o

hot or red eyes (without pus or drainage) Bright red, chapped, or cracked lips Red mucous membranes in the mouth Strawberr
ead to aneurysms. An aneurysm can lead to a heart attack, even in young children, although this is rare.

y lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - often called "bad" cholesterolThere are several genetic disorders (passed down through familie
u are diagnosed with high cholesterol, you will probably need to continue lifestyle changes and drug treatment throughout you
grans or erythema migrans (EM). EM occurs in approximately 70 to 80 percent of infected persons. EM begins at the site of a ti
k outside with bare or exposed skin are at a high risk of contracting Lyme disease. Failing to remove a tick as soon as you see it

nd/or muscle pain, and neurocognitive symptoms persisting for years despite antibiotic treatment. Patients with late stage Lym
arms, legs, face, or other areas
al hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis

away, malignant hypertension can often be controlled without causing permanent problems. If it is not treated right away, com

e such as endoscopyForceful or constant vomitingTraumaOther causes of mediastinitis include:CancerHistoplasmosisRadiation

besity). The body may be described as "apple-shaped." Insulin resistance, in which the body cannot use insulin effectively. Insul

s. When symptoms do occur, they often develop gradually and may include cough, fatigue, exhaustion, and light-headedness, p
gitation.In acute mitral regurgitation, the mitral valve doesn't close all the way and blood flows backward into the left upper he

areas. Cough, possibly hemoptysis. Difficulty breathing during or after exercise or when lying flat. Fatigue. Frequent respirator
chest. Medications such as ergot preparations used for migraines. Rarely, there maybe calcium deposits forming around the m
p with difficulty breathing. Palpitation.
e, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, etc. Whether or not the mitral valve can be repaired or replaced by surgery.Com
h Shortness of breath when lying flat (orthopnea)Note: There may be no symptoms, or symptoms may develop slowly
ve the problem. As much as 10% of the population has some minor, insignificant form of mitral valve prolapse, but it does not g
so your surgeon can reach the heart. A small cut is made in the left side of your heart so the surgeon can repair or replace the m
tis) You have severe mitral valve prolapse that is not controlled with medications.Minimally invasive surgery may be done for th

other organs, nerves, or bones. Heart attack, stroke, or death. Infection of the new valve. Irregular heartbeat that must be trea
k period before surgery, you may be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot. These might cause in
emoved 1 - 3 days after surgery. You may have a catheter (flexible tube) in your bladder to drain urine. You may also have intra
p. Your heart is stopped while you are connected to this machine. This machine does the work of your heart while your heart is
olapse.You may need open heart surgery for these reasons:Changes in your mitral valve are causing major heart symptoms, su

en in people who are obese, have diabetes, or have already had this surgery. Memory loss and loss of mental clarity, or "fuzzy
week period before surgery, you may be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot. These might cau
so have intravenous (IV, in the vein) lines to get fluids. Nurses will closely watch monitors that show information about your vita
toms that may occur with this disease:Fainting, often related to irregular heart rhythms Low urine output
asmaWhen you have an infection, your immune system produces special cells that release chemicals to fight off disease. If the

he neck Small penis Undescended testiclesDevelopmental: Mental retardation Motor problems Speech and language problem
t having the willpower to keep the weight off. Many people regain more weight than they lost.Other factors that affect weight i

er, computers and fax machines, hair dryer, stove, CD player, remote controls, and microwave. You should keep several device

tations are usually not serious. However, it depends on whether or not the sensations represent an abnormal heart rhythm (ar

gh cholesterol, diabetes, or high blood pressure. You have new or different heart palpitations. Your pulse is more than 100 beat
can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

of a patent foramen ovale is unknown.

e flights or car rides, as well as standing for long periods of time, often lead to some swelling in the feet and ankles.Swelling ma
fever. You are pregnant and have more than just mild swelling or have a sudden increase in swelling. Also call your doctor if sel
Your doctor will consider many factors when deciding what treatment or combination of treatments to recommend.Compared
ur arm or wrist. You will be awake during the procedure.The doctor will use live x-ray pictures to carefully guide the catheter u
eries that puts you at risk for a heart attack Persistent chest pain (angina) that medicines do not controlNot every blockage can

eters. An allergic reaction to the dye given during the percutaneous coronary intervention. An arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
dicines you take), do a physical exam, and talk to you about the procedure.Your doctor also may recommend some routine test
or bleeding. After a few hours, you'll be able to walk with help.The place where the catheters (tubes) were inserted may feel so
abbing pleuritic type pain (pleuritis).Fever, chills, or sweating if the condition is caused by an infection. Ankle, feet, and leg swe
carditis may be seen with diseases such as:Cancer (including leukemia) Disorders in which the immune system attacks healthy b

not expand to accept blood.

or chronic if symptoms or episodes continue.Scarring and thickening of the sac-like covering of the heart muscle may occur in

procedure. Be sure your doctor knows about everything you are taking.

harge is draining from it. Your legs are swelling. You have chest pain or shortness of breath that does not go away with rest. You
ome on more quickly and with less exercise. Your legs or feet may feel numb when you are at rest. The legs also may feel cool t
 the muscles of your legs are working harder (such as during exercise or walking) they cannot get enough blood and oxygen. Eve

Symptoms of arteriosclerosis of the extremities

echocardiogram. Chest x-ray: An x-ray image of chest allows the doctor to check the size and shape of your great vessles and he

es. There is usually also a large hole between the two ventricles (ventricular septal defect). As a result, the blue (without oxyge

s is caused by increased pressure in, or low protein content in, the blood vessels. Congestive heart failure is the most common

upper parts of the body which can lead to: Cold hands Chest pain Muscle weakness Shortness of breath Headache Vision proble

mpsia:Headaches that are dull or throbbing and will not go away Abdominal pain, mostly felt on the right side, underneath the r

as severe in later pregnancies.Women who have high blood pressure problems during more than one pregnancy have an incre
roblems Swelling in the arms and legs Weak hand grip Weight lossOther symptoms that may occur with this disease:Decreased
enlargement Kidney failure Nephrotic syndrome Neuropathy (nerves that do not work properly) Orthostatic hypotension (abno

arly as possible.
blood vessels feeding the heart.Pulmonary atresia may occur with or without a ventricular septal defect (VSD). If the person do

can vary because of the different forms of this defect. The baby could have only a single catheter-based procedure, or could ne
ying down (orthopnea) -- you may need to sleep with your head propped up or use extra pillows WheezingAdditional symptom
may be caused by damage directly to the lung, such as that caused by poisonous gas or severe infection, as a side effect of med

st due to the painSudden cough May cough up blood or bloody mucusRapid heart rateShortness of breath that starts suddenly
bles, fat droplets, amniotic fluid, parasites or tumor cells, all of which may lead to a blockage of an artery in the lung.Risk factor
spholipid Antibody Syndrome.These are other conditions which also increase one's risk of having a PE: Pregnancy Obesity Smok

or fainting spells Fatigue WeaknessPeople with pulmonary hypertension may report good days and bad days.
this pressure. Over time, the right side of the heart may become enlarged. At some point, not enough blood flows to the lungs
 s, when present, may get worse with exercise or activity.
defect may occur alone or with other congenital heart defects. The condition can be mild or severe.Pulmonary valve stenosis is

defect may occur alone or with other congenital heart defects. The condition can be mild or severe. Pulmonary valve stenosis i

heart failure. Diastolic Murmur - Early decresendo murmur. Heard best at the left lower sternal border.

ockers, tricyclic antidepressants, or calcium channel blockers T amponade T ension pneumothorax T hrombosis (Myocardial infa

outcome after out-of-hospital udden cardiac arrest (SCA).

h or intestines Vomiting blood Weakness Your doctor will advise you how best to treat these symptoms. Medications may be pr

eath, chest pain, palpitations and fatigue. Sydenham chorea: It is uncontrollable body movements, most often in the hands, fee

heumatic fever.

nature. The pain increases with exercise, relieved with rest. The patient feels pain under the chest bone, it may move to other a
ever. Valve problems do not develop for 5 - 10 years or longer after rheumatic fever occurs. Rheumatic fever is increasingly rar

ure like shortness of breath and leg swelling, generally do poorly without surgery. However, surgery does have the potential to

may have heart block because you were born with it. You are more at risk for this if:You have a heart defect. Your mother has
cular diseases Medicines that slow the heart rate After open heart surgery

mbness of hands and feet Shortness of breath Skin changes Swallowing problems Weak hand grip Weight lossPatients may also
flammation include: Poorly controlled rheumatoid arthritis Juvenile arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Psoriatic arthritis Crohn's di

cate complications have developed.

it. Cardiogenic shock happens when the heart cannot pump blood effectively. This may happen after a heart attack. Neurogeni

ong silent period during which there is no breathing. This is followed by a loud snort and gasp, and the snoring returns. This patt
bstructed.Several factors may affect the width of the throat area, and can therefore contribute to the obstruction of the airway
part because the extra fat around the neck can narrow the opening of the windpipe. Older obese men seem to be at higher risk

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes Sudden trouble walki
e ischemic strokes. Clinical studies show that the common risk factors of stroke are hypertension, diabetes, obesity and smokin

ed with the complications or not The treatment effect of the rehabilitation: This determines the life quality of the patient and h
morning.The most common symptoms are shortness of breath (dyspnea) and swelling of the face, neck, trunk, and arms.Other
er Thyroid cancer Thymic tumorsSuperior vena cava obstruction can also be caused by noncancerous conditions that cause scar
e signal moves down in the heart and tells the lower chambers (the ventricles) to contract.The rapid heart rate from PSVT may s

gh syncope Defecation syncope Micturition syncope Swallow syncope Carotid sinus hypersensitivityOrthostatic hypotension Hy

ngers and toes — an abnormal, rounded shape of the nail bed Poor weight gain Tiring easily during play Irritability Prolonged cr
g of the pulmonary outflow tract (the valve and artery that connect the heart with the lungs) Overriding aorta (the artery that c
th Down syndrome or DiGeorge syndrome

g of the pulmonary outflow tract (the valve and artery that connect the heart with the lungs) Overriding aorta (the artery that c

d.Regular follow-up with a cardiologist to monitor for life-threatening arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms) is recommended.
ding habits) Failure to gain weight Passing out Poor development Squatting during episodes of cyanosis{{#ev:youtube|AywUO2
mal disorders in children with tetralogy of Fallot, such as Down syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome (a condition that causes hea

yocardial bridge Active ischemia Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Stable angina Acute coronary syndrome Myocardial infarc

tissues or cells.In pregnant women, antibodies can cross the placenta. (The placenta is the organ that attaches the umbilical co

duction system of the heart can lead to third-degree heart block. This may be preceded by first-degree AV block, second-degre
(aortic dissection)If the aneurysm presses on nearby structures, the following symptoms may occur:Hoarseness Swallowing pro
Trauma such as falls or motor vehicle accidents

ood vessels or nerves can cause symptoms in the arms or hands. Problems with the nerves account for almost all cases of thora

f these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

nd include the sudden development of:Muscle weakness of the face, arm, or leg (usually only on one side of the body) Numbne
ng the symptoms of a stroke. TIAs also do not show changes to the brain on CT or MRI scans. (Strokes usually show changes on

and some have recurrent episodes.Your chances of a future stroke can be reduced by close follow-up with your health care pr

ns from the body goes through the right side of the heart and pulmonary artery to the lungs to get oxygen. The blood then com

face or trunk. or if the baby seems to have an unusual number of respiratory infections.Contact your health care provider if yo
s not open, the blood cannot flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. Blood ultimately cannot enter the lungs, where it

emphysema.Tricuspid prolapse may be found in those with infections, birth defects that cause the valves to be floppy and not f
raphy (TEE), CT scan of the chest
Swelling of the feet and ankles Weakness
d by or made worse by valve disease on the left side of the heart such as mitral regugitation and mitral stenosis. Other diseases

he chest pain:Starts to feel different Lasts longer than 15 - 20 minutes Occurs at different times
The chest pain only occurs with activity or stress. The pain does not become more frequent or severe over time.Unstable angin

s more often. You are having angina when you are sitting. This is called'rest angina'. You are feeling tired more often. You are fe

d commonly affects the mitral valve.A buildup of calcium on the aortic or mitral valves, which causes the valves to thicken. This

sue (arches). The body breaks down some of the remaining arches, while others form into arteries. Some arteries that should b

t muscle does not get enough oxygen.

rface of the heart.Most people with VF have no history of heart disease. Yet they often have risk factors for heart disease, such

have no symptoms, and the hole can eventually close as the wall continues to grow after birth. If the hole is large, too much blo
likelihood that any future children may be born with an atrial septal defect.During pregnancy, drug and alcohol exposure can a

no symptoms.
seaseVentricular tachycardia can occur without heart disease.Scar tissue may form in the muscle of the ventricles days, month

gs spinning around)
other things. Parts of the brain help with vision (occipital lobes) and movement coordination (cerebellus) are also located in the

also depends on the area of the brain that has been affected. The outlook is very poor when the patient is in a coma or cannot
hink you may be pregnant, or planning to become pregnant or breast-feeding.Vytorin is not recommended for use in children
y problems.Taking Vytorin with certain substances can increase the risk of muscle problems. It is particularly important to tell y
ollow a cholesterol-lowering diet while taking Vytorin. Ask your doctor if you need diet information. Keep taking Vytorin unless
 and while taking Vytorin?).The following side effects have been reported in general use with either ezetimibe or simvastatin ta
-up can cause a narrowing of the arteries. This narrowing can slow or block blood flow to your heart, brain, and other organs. H
e no symptoms.
out heart disease.Scar tissue may form in the muscle of the ventricles days, months, or years after a heart attack. This can lead t

ith WPW syndrome may have:Chest pain or chest tightness Dizziness Light-headedness Fainting Sensation of fluttering or poun
supraventricular tachycardia.

with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Doxazosin is in a class of medications called alpha-blockers. It relieves the s
ow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not underst

other fats along the walls of the blood vessels (a process known as atherosclerosis) decreases blood flow and, therefore, the o
of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.Your doctor may start you on a low dose of pravastatin and gradually

ng a clot in your blood.Do not stop taking rivaroxaban without talking to the doctor who prescribes it for you. Stopping rivarox
at blood clots in the veins of your legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism) and reduce the risk of them occu

an during pregnancy tell your doctor right away if you have any bleeding or symptoms of blood loss. Are breastfeeding or plan
ening meal. If you miss a dose of rivaroxaban, take it as soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your r

abel carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take valsartan exactly as directed.
ng and blood clot in a vein) and pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in the lung). Warfarin is in a class of medications called antic
ake it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Call your doctor immediately if you take more than your prescribed dose of w
armacist if you are uncertain if a medication contains warfarin or warfarin sodium. tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescr
getable oils that contain large amounts of vitamin K. Be sure to talk to your doctor before you make any changes in your diet. T

fficulty breathing or swallowingswelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, or eyeshoarsenesschest pain or pressureswelling of th

medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription.It is important for you to keep a writte
toms are more common in people with cancer.
an also develop severe cases of acanthosis nigricans.

up. The blockage is called a plug or comedone. The top of the plug may be white (whitehead) or dark (blackhead). If the plug br

that does not clear up on its own within 3 months.

face and look black. The black color is not from dirt.Papules: These are small pink bumps that can be tender.Pustules: These pi
many myths about what causes acne. Dirty skin and stress do not cause acne. Also, chocolate and greasy foods do not cause acn

a mild cleanser in the morning, evening, and after heavy workouts. Scrubbing the skin does not stop acne. It can even make the
that does not clear up on its own within 3 months.

from the trunk of the body)Other symptoms that may appear include:Swollen abdomen Swollen lymph nodes Tender lymph n
ytomegalovirus, coxsackie viruses, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and some live virus vaccines.A rare, gen
 ike textureThe skin lesion may be easier to feel than to see.

ometimes occur in the chest (pulmonary actinomycosis), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not conta
ometimes occur in the chest (pulmonary actinomycosis), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not conta

ometimes occur in the chest (pulmonary actinomycosis), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not conta
ometimes occur in the chest (pulmonary actinomycosis), abdomen, pelvis, or other areas of the body. The infection is not conta

ndrome; causes white or hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes along with bleeding and lung problems Chediak-Higashi synd

crease over 6 - 8 months.Cause of this type of hair loss are:Childbirth Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough p
edity, and changes in the hormome, testosterone. Inherited or "pattern baldness" affects many more men than women. About
and have male pattern baldness You have bald spots on your beard or eyebrows You have been gaining weight or have muscle
s the hair loss throughout your head? Have you had a recent illness or high fever ? Do you dye your hair ? Do you blow dry you
When the angioma grows larger, some symptoms may appear including:Pain: This is due to the compression of the angioma on n

urine output Headaches Increased phlegm production, which may be bloody Shortness of breath Skin sores (lesions) Vision pro
e rare infections caused by aspergillus include pneumonia and fungus ball (aspergilloma).There are several forms of aspergillos

stem function.
of the elbow and knee Enlarged blood vessels in the whites of the eyes Jerky or abnormal eye movements (nystagmus) late in th
ll death in various places of the body, including the part of the brain that helps coordinate movement.Boys and girls are equally

in infections such as ringworm or jock itch.

if they are plastic-lined Keep your feet wet for prolonged periods of time Sweat a lot Develop a minor skin or nail injuryAthlete
- 4 weeks of self-care treatments.

ned or leather-like areas (called lichenification), which can occur after long-term irritation and scratching The type and location
d.People with atopic dermatitis often have asthma or seasonal allergies. There is often a family history of allergies such as asthm

if it:Begins at an early age Involves a large amount of the body Occurs along with allergic rhinitis and asthma Occurs in someon
s a crust or a scabFlat red spot that is rough, dry, or scaly and may become itchy or tenderRed or brown patch that is rough and
et (UV) RadiationUV radiation comes from the sun, sunlamps, tanning beds, or tanning booths. A person's risk of skin cancer is
nly the top layer of skin) to Stage IV (when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body).
 h are noted and treated if needed. Between scheduled visits, you should check your skin regularly. You should contact the doc
sore may be red and irritated. Stage III: The skin breakdown now looks like a crater. There is damage to the tissue below the sk
duals with urinary or bowel incontinence Individuals with a mental condition that may affect mobility (i.e. Alzheimer's)
he ulcer is warm and swollenFever, weakness, and confusion are signs that the infection may have spread to the blood or elsew
heal in 7~21 days. Skin lesions: Skin lesions in patients with Behçet's disease vary, from acne-like sores to red tender nodules. B
me inflamed, but they do not know what triggers this reaction. Under normal conditions, the immune system protects the body
. Gender: Behçet's disease most commonly affects men than women. Behçet's disease is more common in Middle East and Jap

or arms.Other symptoms of birthmarks:Abnormally dark or light skin Contain hair Skin lesion Skin lumps Textured -- smooth, fl

develop other symptoms.

surface. Salmon patches are small, pink, flat spots. They are small blood vessels (capillaries) that are visible through the skin. Th
or results from the development of blood vessels at the site.Strawberry hemangiomas (strawberry mark, nevus vascularis, capil

ever, there may be some slight discoloration or puckering of the skin where a strawberry hemangioma was. Some cavernous h
symptoms are most often seen when the infection spreads beyond the lungs. You may have painless sores that look like warts
It is found in the central and southeastern United States, and in Canada, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Africa.Being around infe

develop white or yellow centers (pustules) May join with another boil or spread to other skin areas May grow quickly May wee
hey are most common on the face, neck, armpit, buttocks, and thighs. There can be one or many boils.

vent bleeding.

n sores.Other symptoms may include:Itching Rashes Mouth sores Bleeding gums

, or neck Wheezing Change in voice Difficulty breathing; coughing Singed nose hairs or eyebrows Dark, carbon -stained mucus
accidents, playing with matches, improperly stored gasoline, space heaters, and electrical malfunctions. Other causes include u
nsCall a doctor if your pain is still present after 48 hours.Call immediately if signs of infection develop. These signs include incre
balance. However, when the vagina has certain favorable conditions, the number of Candida albicans increases, leading to a ye

nclude:Fatigue Fever General discomfort or sick feeling Skin itching before the carbuncle develops
nnot drain on its own.Carbuncles may develop anywhere, but they are most common on the back and the nape of the neck. M
e likely to develop staph infections that can cause cabuncles.

e General ill feeling Muscle aches and pains Warm skin SweatingOther symptoms that can occur with this disease:Hair loss at t
 the immune system Wound from a recent surgery

s the bacteria entry to the skin.

ticaria symptoms vary in intensity. While some individuals only experience very minor reactions to cold, other individuals expe
se that releases histamine and other immune system chemicals, the skin may become itchy and exhibit redness and other symp
st common type of urticaria.Recent viral infection. Individuals who have had recent viral infections, such as mycoplasma pneum

ain is called herpes encephalitis The liver, lungs, and kidneys may also be involved There may or may not be blisters on the skin
erpes infection at the time of delivery, the baby is more likely to become infected during birth. Some mothers may not be awa

oozing, draining, or crusting May become scaly, raw, or thickened

ulting from contact with acids, alkaline materials such as soaps and detergents, solvents, or other chemicals. The reaction usua
d reaction to the product.Some products cause a reaction only when they contact the skin and are exposed to sunlight (photos

perfumes often lead to skin reactions on the face, head, and neck. Jewellery can also cause skin problems in the area under it.It
ontact dermatitis is caused by exposure to a substance or material to which you have become extra sensitive or allergic.Commo

tting painful blisters. People with bunions often develop a callus over the bunion because it rubs against the shoe.Neither corn
not getting better despite treatment, contact your health care provider. Also call your health care provider if you have continue

appears as thick, crusty, yellow or brown scales over the child's scalp. Similar scales may also be found on the eyelids, ear, aro

. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has also been linked to increased cases of seborrheic dermatitis.

mune system may have no symptoms at all.

e with HIV infection, taking high doses of corticosteroid medications, cancer chemotherapy, or who have Hodgkin's disease. In

lothing or other materials. They are thought to occur from skin rubbing against skin, so they commonly form in skin folds.

to nerves in the spinal cord

althy cooking or food preparation. The disease can also be spread by contact with infected feces.The disease is rare in the Unit
weight loss Fever Gastrointestinal ulcers and intestinal perforations in childrenDiseases that can present with similar symptoms

me discolored, thick, and even crumble.

m can affect the skin on your:Beard -- tinea barbae Body -- tinea corporis Feet -- tinea pedis (also called athlete's foot) Groin ar
rash spreads and you have diabetes or a weakened immune system due to disease or certain medications

blood-tinged discharge. Respiratory diphtheria has a gradual onset and is characterized by a mild fever (rarely >101°F 38.3°C), s

s anything make it feel better? What are your bathing habits? Do you have any other symptoms?
oks ragged, blurred, or notched. C olor: The color over the mole is not the same and may be shades of tan, brown, or black, and
ple with many moles. Genetic factors: Epidemiological data show that Whites with fair skin, freckles, or red or blond hair have a

nt and need special measures to keep a normal body temperature.Other symptoms include:Abnormal nails Abnormal or missin

h) General ill feeling (malaise)A rash appears in fewer than half of cases. Sometimes, the disease may be mistaken for Rocky M
nited States:Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is caused by the rickettsial bacteria called Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Human granu

h decay Hoarse cry, cough, or other breathing problems Milia (tiny white bumps or pimples) Nail loss or deformed nails
nother autoimmune skin disorder called mucous membrane pemphigoid.Identifying the exact type of epidermolysis bullosa is c

and toes Restricted mobility from scarringVery serious forms of epidermolysis bullosa have a very high mortality rate.Secondar
y, legs, arms, palms, hands, or feet May involve the face or lips Usually even on both sides (symmetrical)Other symptoms that m
by damage to skin tissues.Some forms of this condition are more severe than others.Erythema multiforme minor is not very ser

nclude:Fever General ill feeling (malaise) Joint aches Skin redness, inflammation, or irritation Swelling of the leg or other affecte
osis Syphilis Tuberculosis Tularemia YersiniaPregnancy Sensitivity to certain medications, including:Amoxicillin and other penic

lanches to touch)Skin folds, such as under the breasts or in the groin may be affected (intertrigo) Swelling only around a sore o

barbae is similar to barber's itch, but the infection is caused by a fungus.

bite, the skin may appear white and numb (tissue has started to freeze).Very severe frostbite may cause blisters, gangrene (bla

ng, windy weather (which increases the rate of heat loss from skin), diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and Raynaud's phenomen

)If the affected area is inside the body (such as gangrene of the gallbladder or gas gangrene), the symptoms may include:Confu

ystemic) symptoms may include:Decreased appetite Fever General sick feeling (Malaise) Muscle aches in the lower back, buttoc
 mmonly called cold sores or fever blisters). HSV-1 can spread from the mouth to the genitals during oral sex.Herpes simplex vir

onditions, such as operations, heart attacks, and pneumonia) Immunosuppression due to AIDS or medication such as chemoth
ales most often have warts on the penis, scrotum, groin area, or thighs, as well as inside or around the anus in those who have
However, warts on the hands or other parts of the body do not cause genital warts.HPV infection around the genitals is comm

smears at age 21.

still infect others. Certain types of genital warts increase a woman's risk for cancer of the cervix and vulva. Possible Complicatio
es Palms or soles
mon in children and lead to fewer complications. Larger or giant nevi are fairly rare.

crease over 6 - 8 months.Cause of this type of hair loss are:Childbirth Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough p
edity, and changes in the hormome, testosterone. Inherited or "pattern baldness" affects many more men than women. About
and have male pattern baldness You have bald spots on your beard or eyebrows You have been gaining weight or have muscle
s the hair loss throughout your head? Have you had a recent illness or high fever ? Do you dye your hair ? Do you blow dry you

are most contagious the first week you have the disease.The time between infection and the development of symptoms is abou

or ‘flu-like’ illness. Other symptoms of acute hepatitis C include:Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain
haring toothbrushes, razor blades or other similar personal items that could have small amounts of blood on them One person
in the United States) Past injection drug users, including those who injected only one time or many years ago Recipients of don
treatment You have abnormal liver tests or liver disease You work in healthcare or public safety and were exposed to blood th
iver disease.Of every 100 people infected with the hepatitis C virus, about:75–85 people will develop chronic hepatitis C virus i

atitis B liver disease worse. It can even cause symptoms in people who carry hepatitis B virus but who never had symptoms. He
or blood products HaemophiliacsSince HDV absolutely requires the support of hepatitis B virus for its own replication, inocula

er Jaundice (yellow discolouration of the skin and sclera of the eyes, dark urine and pale stools) Malaise Loss of appetite Nausea
ations and mortality from hepatitis E, which can induce a mortality rate of 20% among pregnant women in their third trimeste

areas of the body, such as the brain, lungs, liver, or intestines.The syndrome is genetic, which means it results from an abnorma

ash usually involves a narrow area from the spine around to the front of the belly area or chest. The rash may involve face, eye
n develop chickenpox, rather than shingles.

y do not have symptoms, or only mild ones.

rugs HIV infectionRisk factors for chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis include:Living in or traveling to central or eastern United St

ith their doctor, who will check for signs of relapse. In rare cases, a pulmonary histoplasmosis infection can spread through the
urns white. This is called blanching.
angioedema. Swelling from angioedema can also occur around your hands, feet, and throat.Many substances can trigger hives

r of the cervix, vagina, vulva, or anus. Most of these problems are caused by types 6, 11, 16 or 18. When cancer develops, it ma
. The virus may remain in the individual without carrying out any manifestations for years. You are more likely to be infected by
g cervical cancer screening). Others may only find out once they have developed more serious problems from HPV, such as canc
people will develop cancer or other health problems. Considering that HPV infection may be asymptomatic, some patients may

ncontrollable sweating can lead to significant discomfort, both physical and emotional.When excessive sweating affects the han

underlying disease, such as hyperthyroidism

n last up to a few months. Some patients need additional injections.Iontophoresis: Sweating may be reduced after six to 10 ses

ay occur along with atopic dermatitis, keratosis pilaris (small bumps on the back of the arms), or other skin disorders.

s more often a chronic (long-term) disease and can occur after a viral infection, with use of certain drugs, during pregnancy, or a

d to other areas Swollen lymph nodes near the infection (lymphadenopathy)

r the body and grow there, causing inflammation and infection. Breaks in the skin may occur with:Animal bites Human bites In
Insect bites

al nervous system problems, including:Delayed development Loss of movement (paralysis) Mental retardation Muscle spasms S

urn Superficial skin infections such as folliculitis and impetigoGeneralized itching may be caused by:Allergic reactions Childhoo
bites, stings, rashes, dry skin, or irritation. Often the cause of itching is fairly obvious, such as a mosquito bite.Have the itching
mplex chronicus Eczema Pubic lice Chemical irritation
t: The disease may cause sore, ooze, bleed, or swallow and breath problems in mouth and throat.Lesions in gastrointestinal tra
used by an interaction between HIV, a weakened immune system, and the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). Kaposi's sarcoma has
ith AIDS.Race: Epidemiological data show that people in Eastern European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent have a

he keloid may not be permanent. Surgical removal may cause a larger keloid scar.

and may be mistaken for acne.Individual bumps are small, skin-colored papules that form within hair openings (follicles). The c

Abdominal pain Bone pain (possibly) Delayed puberty Dizziness Ear drainage that continues long-term Eyes that appear to stick
kull, and other areas.Some forms of the disorder are genetic.Histiocytosis X is thought to affect roughly 1 in 200,000 people eac

vement, while others may have a poor outcome. Young children, especially infants, are more likely to have body-wide symptom
visceral infection in children usually begins suddenly with vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and cough. Adults usually have a fever for 2

m occurs 2 - 8 months after a person is bitten by the sandfly. Most people do not remember having a skin sore. This form can lea

ould always try to avoid injuries. However, if you experience loss of sensation due to leprosy (or another cause), you may not fe
ms, tuberculoid and lepromatous, and these have been further subdivided. Despite this classification, both forms produce sore
blic of Marshall Islands United Republic of TanzaniaPeople who have been in close contact with someone who has untreated H

ally located on the inner wrist, legs, torso, or genitals Itchy Even on both sides (symmetrical) Single lesion or clusters of lesions,

ry and brownish in the affected area.Symptoms include:Itching of the skinMay be long-term (chronic) May be intense Increases

ymphadenopathy Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, give lymphadenopathy in all or a few lymph
 mon as it is in girls.Other symptoms include:Bone fractures Deformities of the bones in the face Gigantism Irregular, large patc

20 years old. Measles causes ear infections in nearly one out of every 10 children who get it. As many as one out of 20 children

esides in the mucus in the nose and throat of the infected person. When that person sneezes or coughs, droplets spray into the

ed, blurred, or notched.C olor: The color over the mole is not the same and may have shades of tan, brown, or black, and someti
with multiple moles.Genetic factors: Epidemiological data show that Whites with fair skin, freckles, or red/blonde hair have a

ause.Sun exposure is also a strong risk factor for melasma. The condition is particularly common in tropical climates

hey sneeze or cough. Family members and those closely exposed to someone with the condition are at increased risk. The infe

and vitamin deficiency. Microsporidiosis might also affect the lungs causing cough, fever and difficult breathing. Ocular micros
on of the spores (which are the infective form of the disease). When the organism lands inside the cell, it multiplies and eventu

r cure rate for primary basal cell cancer exceeded 99% while other noted more conservative cure rate of 97%. The quoted cure
bout 2 - 5 millimeters wide. There is usually no inflammation and subsequently no redness unless you have been digging or scra
pt the palms and soles. Early lesions on the genitalia may be mistaken for herpes or warts but, unlike herpes, these lesions are
molluscum contagiosum.

r may persist in immunosuppressed people.

osis include:Abdominal pain Vomiting bloodSymptoms of kidney (renal) mucormycosis include:Fever Flank (side) painSymptom
art as a sinus infection May progress to involve inflammation of cranial nerves May cause blood clots that block vessels to the b

cur at any age.The time between being exposed to the virus and getting sick (incubation period) is usually 12 - 24 days.Mumps m
 l infection may cause a change in nail color or painful areas of infection under the nail or in the surrounding skin. Severe infecti

ven among people in the same family who have the NF1 gene.The coffee -with- milk (café-au-lait) spots are the hallmark sympt

g disabilities are a common problem.Some people are treated differently because they have hundreds of tumors on their skin.P
blems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the do

A discharge other than breast milk

n sores.Other symptoms may include:Itching Rashes Mouth sores Bleeding gums

ons that may cause this condition include:A drug called penicillamine, which removes certain materials from the blood (chelatin

e.Usually, patients are most concerned with the cosmetic appearance of the bumps.

ppear in a "Christmas tree" pattern May itch

parents to recognize. Common warts tend to cause no discomfort unless they are in areas of repeated friction or pressure. Plan
r genital warts. You have diabetes or a weakened immune system (for example, HIV) and have developed warts. There is any ch

ually not contagious.Keep in mind that the plant oils may remain for a long time on contaminated clothing, pets, tools, shoes, a
hows signs of infection, such as pus, yellow fluid leaking from blisters, odor, or increased tenderness.
ome people with PMR also have giant cell arteritis. This far more serious disease can cause:Heart attack Stroke Sudden blindne

(earliest signs) to Stage IV (worst):Stage I: A reddened area on the skin that, when pressed, does not turn white. This indicates

m receiving proper blood flow Having a mental disability from conditions such as Alzheimer's disease Having fragile skin Having
he ulcer is warm and swollenFever, weakness, and confusion are signs that the infection may have spread to the blood or elsew

clerosis. Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism Tumors, such as lymphoma, multiple myelo
 or dots may be: Itchy Dry and covered with silver, flaky skin (scales) Pink-red in color (like the color of salmon) Raised and thick
eeks instead of 4 weeks) and dead skin cells build up on the skin's surface. The following may trigger an attack of psoriasis or m

u have a severe outbreak that covers all or most of your body.

e to:Drugs that prevent platelets from forming Hemangioma Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Immune neonatal thro

aling around the eyebrows, eyelids, mouth, nose, the trunk, and behind the ears. If it happens on your scalp, it is called dandruff
stop any of your medications without talking to your doctor You may have a tick bite Home treatment doesn't work, or your s
new soaps, detergents, lotions, or cosmetics recently? Have you been in any wooded areas recently? Have you had any change
gers on both sides, but they do not have very much pain.People with Raynaud's phenomenon associated with other medical co
s, certain types of beta-blockers, some cancer drugs, ergot compounds, and methysergide Arthritis and autoimmune conditions

er, swollen or painful joints, or skin rashes

me discolored, thick, and even crumble.

k can affect the skin on your:Beard -- tinea barbae Body -- tinea corporis Feet -- tinea pedis (also called athlete's foot) Groin are
e fungus that causes ringworm thrive in warm, moist areas. Ringworm is more likely when you are often wet (such as from swe
rash spreads and you have diabetes or a weakened immune system due to disease or certain medications

e fever falls).The rash starts on the trunk and spreads to the limbs, neck, and face. The rash is pink or rose-colored, and has fair

ppears. This rash most often:Starts on the middle of the body and spreads to the arms, legs, neck, and face Is pink or rose-color

ts, rubella is usually mild and may even go unnoticed.

lved. In older children and adults, the hands, wrists, genitals, and abdomen are involved.
and deposit their eggs, forming a burrow that looks like a pencil mark. Eggs mature in 21 days. The itchy rash is an allergic resp

he rash lasts about 2-7 days. After the rash is gone, the skin on the tips of the fingers and toes begins to peel. Some other comm
ou drink from the same glass or eat from the same plate as the sick person, you could also become ill. The best way to keep fro

t, lungs, or kidneys. There are two main types of systemic scleroderma: Limited disease (CREST syndrome) and diffuse disease.
 ch cases, the disorder is referred to as mixed connective disease.

ng problems are the most common cause of death in patients with scleroderma.

come inflamed and tender.

appears as thick, crusty, yellow or brown scales over the child's scalp. Similar scales may also be found on the eyelids, ear, aro

. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has also been linked to increased cases of seborrheic dermatitis.

ash usually involves a narrow area from the spine around to the front of the belly area or chest. The rash may involve face, eyes

n develop chickenpox, rather than shingles.

est on the face.The fungus may follow the channels in your body's lymphatic system. Small ulcers appear as lines on the skin as
disseminated) sporotrichosis can develop in people with a weakened immune system when they inhale dust filled with spores o
deners, children who have played on bales of hay, and greenhouse workers who have handled thorns contaminated by the fun

he lesion to confirm the exact nature of it. Any person with suspicious skin markings and changes should seek help from a derm
ker skinned persons.Genetic factors: Some persons are genetically more at risk to develop skin cancer, and may have a history

wollen, crusted, or weepy.Over time, some skin changes become permanent:Thickening and hardening of the skin on the legs a

re also seenUlcers and other lesions also begin to appear in the mucous membranes, almost always in the mouth and lips but a
ections that are associated with SJS may include HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus, Mumps, Mycoplasma, Mycobacteria, Hepatitis, and
d use of medications.

ttocks, abdomen, and flank.Stretch marks appear as parallel streaks of red, thinned, glossy skin that over time become whitish a

nges, tests may be done.

o the lungs and airways. They then move up to the throat, where they are swallowed into the stomach. The worms then move

ed areas several days after the sunburn.While the symptoms of sunburn are usually temporary (such as red skin that is painful
mind:There is no such thing as a "healthy tan." Unprotected sun exposure causes premature aging of the skin. Sun exposure can
udes and lower latitudes (closer to the tropics). Reflection off water, sand, or snow can intensify the sun's burning rays. Sun lam
nd are sensitive to light Severe, painful blisters
type? How strong? What other symptoms do you have?

ncontrollable sweating can lead to significant discomfort, both physical and emotional.When excessive sweating affects the han

underlying disease, such as hyperthyroidism

n last up to a few months. Some patients need additional injections.Iontophoresis: Sweating may be reduced after six to 10 ses
ood clottingOther symptoms depends on the orgnas affected.Headache, new paralysis, or seizures Personality change, even ps
people between the ages of 10 and 50. African Americans and Asians are affected more often than people from other races.SL
promazine, hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, penicillamine, procainamide, quinidine and sulfasalazine.

ge, such as the damages in brain, lungs, heart, and kidney.

der the skin and purple-colored spots called purpura.In some cases, the disorder is passed down through families (inherited) an

you will have bald patches. If nails are infected, they become discolored, thick, and even crumble.

pets that carry the fungus. Cats are common carriers. The fungi that cause ringworm thrive in warm, moist areas. Ringworm is m

the neck.There is usually itching of the scalp.

giene Wet skin for a long time (such as from sweating)
een used by someone with ringworm. The infection can also be spread by pets, particularly cats.

oss of skin color (hypopigmentation) or an increase in skin color (hyperpigmentation).Other symptoms include:Increased swea

Bowel blockage (obstruction) if people eat the hair they pull out Constant tugging, pulling, or twisting of hair Denying the hair p

e of the contrast of white patches against dark skin. No other skin changes occur.

genitals, in the pubic area, and in the area between the thighs, but they can also appear inside the vagina and anal canal. Plan
parents to recognize. Common warts tend to cause no discomfort unless they are in areas of repeated friction or pressure. Plan

r genital warts. You have diabetes or a weakened immune system (for example, HIV) and have developed warts. There is any ch

cle pain Seizures One or more swollen, tender and painful lymph nodes (called buboes):Commonly found in the groin, but may
ources of blood. People and animals that visit places where rodents have recently died from plague are at risk of being infected
by a flea that carries the plague bacteria from an infected rodent. People with highest risk of infection include:People who han
contact with very sick pneumonic plague patients may be evaluated and possibly placed under observation. Preventive antibio

cle aches Vomiting Diarrhea or constipation Back pain Fatigue Red eye (conjunctivitis) and eye pain Muscle aches
ns by exchanging body fluids, which often occurs during sexual intercourse or after blood transfusion.
g with Brazil to study the possibility of a link between Zika and GBS. Zika outbreak in Colombia has been linked with confirmed G

birth. However, they may have 3-4 years early virilizing characteristics than normal boys.Irregular or absent menstruation in girl

and the urethra attaching to the phallus. Adulthood: In adulthood, lack of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), patients with 5-alpha-red

ol and not commercially available at present. Urinary ratios of various metabolites: These are also not commercially available cu

s are:Type A (AA or AO molecules) Type B (BB or BO molecules) Type AB Type OPeople who have one blood type form proteins

and vomiting Swelling

ria or other foreign substances. Abscesses can form in almost any part of the body. The skin, under the skin, and the teeth are t

e Inherited factorsAs a result, the wave-like contractions of smooth muscles that normally force food through the esophagus an

l for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as ea

ness of the muscles on one side of your face Swallowing problemOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only
me epidemiological data suggest that members of some families seem to have a higher than usual risk of developing salivary gla

d vestibular), nearby blood vessels, or other brain structure may cause more considerable or serious signs and symptoms.Com
disturbed so they can grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. This gene malfunctioning can also come from a rarely genetical di
ker than never smokers without any correlation for ex-smokers.

s hearing loss and balance problems caused by tumor may be persistent. The least permanent complication are seen when the
tient’s facial features: The brow and lower jaw protrude, the nasal bone enlarges, and the teeth space out. Overgrowth of bone
ction or release into the bloodstream. GH is part of a cascade of hormones that, as the name implies, regulates the physical gro
area, or damage that results from radiation therapy.Acute brachial neuritis may also be associated with:Birth defects that put p

d gastrointestinal symptoms as well. Even after acute bronchitis has cleared, you may have a dry, nagging cough that lingers for
he airways. This means that bacteria infect the airways, in addition to the virus.The following things can make bronchitis worse

ke heart or lung disease

e accompanied by fever, fatigue, and headache. The fever, fatigue, and malaise may last only a few days; but the wet cough ma
y feel sick. If the brain is affected, they may have headaches, vomiting, confusion, loss of muscle control, or seizures. Leukemia

tent. May be worse after drinking alcohol. Anxiety Fever Mild jaundice Nausea and vomiting SweatingOther symptoms that ma
neumonia, and campylobacter)Acute pancreatitis may also be caused by:An abnormal structure of the pancreas Complications

SV-1, while individuals under the age of 25 are at highest risk for Acute retinal necrosis from HSV-2.

nd preventing life-threatening complications.There is presently no guaranteed cure to reverse the symptoms; prognosis is impr
ever, young children often run a fever around 100-102°F.Depending on the virus that caused your cold, you may also have the f
ght colds every year. They usually get them from other children. A cold can spread quickly through schools or daycares. Colds c

ng, causing dizziness or fainting Skin changes in Addison's disease, with areas of hyperpigmentation, or dark tanning, covering
the gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal glands, by the body's own immune system. About

day, an Addisonian can have a normal crisis-free life. There are no specific physical or occupational restrictions. Routine care in

lly do not last longer than 6 months, unless the stressor continues to be present (such as an illness or living in a dangerous neig
me stress are likely to develop adjustment disorder. Financial conditions, social support, and career and recreational opportuniti

ecially on the face), pubic hair, acne, deepening of voice, and enlarged clitoris (girls)Symptoms that suggest increased aldostero
stosterone, as well as other hormones. In women the tumor often releases these hormones, which can lead to male characteri

d fine motor control Paralysis Seizures Swallowing difficulties Visual impairment or blindnessAdrenomyelopathy:Difficulty cont
 tem, adrenal gland, and testes, which disrupts normal activity. There are three major categories of disease:Childhood cerebral

ces where escape might be difficult Fear of losing control in a public place Feelings of detachment or estrangement from other

ulocytosis results in a person not having enough of a specific type of white blood cells, called neutrophils or granulocytes. A low
ymptoms for years between the time the are exposed to the virus and when they develop AIDS. Initial infections can present s
penis, rectum, or mouth. By sharing a needle and syringe to inject drugs or sharing drug equipment used to prepare drugs for
as screening for HIV was not s standard test at that time
diseases which their bodies acquire, and report them to their physicians as they occur.
ents and vaccine development. Unfortunately, HIV medications are not always available in the developing world, where the bul

ter the size of certain brain structures involved in learning and information processing.Milder cognitive complaints are commo

4 drinks (approximately 60 g) per day in men is considered as threshold for Alcoholic hepatitis

ppetite Mental confusion Nausea Unintentional weight gain (because of fluid collection)Other symptoms that can occur with th
of the empty calories from alcohol, reduced appetite, and poor absorption (malabsorption) of nutrients in the intestines. Malnu

the white of the eye (sclera) and cornea

ir.Alkaptonuria is inherited, which means it is passed down from parents to their children. To get this disease, each of your par

es, especially the mitral valve. This can sometimes lead to the need for valve replacement. Coronary artery disease may develop

er include:Grasses Ragweed Trees The amount of pollen in the air can affect whether you develop symptoms. There is more lik

t AAT deficiency may be more common than was once thought.Adults with severe deficiency will develop emphysema, often be

anosis) Chest tightness or congestion Confusion Cough Coughing up blood Decreased consciousness or withdrawal from social i
using extreme shortness of breath. This further reduces how much oxygen enters the bloodstream and reaches vital organs and

ptoms. If unable to contact emergency help, descend immediately, as rapidly as is safely possible.

most notably poor depth perception. Other symptoms include:Eyes that turn in or out Eyes that do not appear to work together
used normally because the brain is favoring the other eye. As a result, the affected eye fails to develop normal vision, and there

vision problems. After age 10, only a partial recovery of vision can be expected. A child whose amblyopia or strabismus is left u
ed. As the disease gets worse, more muscle groups develop problems.ALS does not affect the senses (sight, smell, taste, hearin
es in the chest area stop working, it becomes hard or impossible to breathe on one's own.ALS affects approximately 5 out of ev

reated as early as possible.Bleeding from the anal area A change in bowel habits or change in the diameter of the stool Pain in
with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) or taking drugs that suppress the immune system increases the risk of anal cancer. Gender:
d by lumps. This is the results of lumps growth on rectum wall. A surgery will be done urgently. Defecation with a lot of blood: T

sing of large, hard stools, or by prolonged diarrhea. In older adults, anal fissures may be caused by decreased blood flow to the

ed as females and have a female gender identity. During puberty, their female secondary sex characteristics, such as breasts de
ed into mild (MAIS), partial (PAIS) or complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS), based on its phenotypic expression, which ranges f
t, it makes the body unable to respond to the hormones responsible for the male appearance.

our bone marrow to make more red blood cells.Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells. It gives red bl

brain stem, the lack of a functioning cerebrum permanently rules out the possibility of ever gaining consciousness. Reflex action
run in families; however, the condition does not have a clear pattern of inheritance. For parents who have had a child with ane

his condition in newborns is much lower. An estimated 1 in 10,000 infants in the United States is born with anencephaly.
and stiffness over time. Joint pain Joint swelling Stiff, inflexible spine Eye inflammation or uveitis Restricted expansion of your

t physical therapy.

n adulthood. There are probably many cases that go undetected due to mild symptoms.People with this condition are more lik

during childhood are linked to the development of antisocial personality.Some people believe that psychopathic personality (p

unnecessary words, and even create made-up words. For example, someone with Wernicke’s aphasia may say, “You know tha
petition of phrases paraphasia (substituting letters, syllables or words) agrammatism (inability to speak in a grammatically corre
vere blows to the head, brain tumors, brain infections, and other conditions that affect the brain.
ust before starting to healLess common symptoms include:Fever General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise) Swollen lymph nod
nges, food allergies, and similar situations. They occur most commonly with viral infections. In some cases, the cause can not be

ems such as fever, diarrhea, headache, or skin rash.

pain felt before Gets worse in a matter of hours Gets worse when moving around, taking deep breaths, coughing, or sneezingO
of the appendix, caused by infection in the gastrointestinal tract or elsewhere in the body Inflammatory bowel disease, includi

overy takes three weeks.The real possibility of life-threatening peritonitis is the reason why acute appendicitis warrants speedy

om:An autoimmune disease (the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue) Broken bone General "wear and tea
in men. Genetic: Specific genes are associated with a higher risk of certain types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a
nt are important, especially for inflammatory types of arthritis. For example, early use of disease-modifying drugs can affect the

within the small intestine. Within a few days, the larvae then move through the bloodstream to the lungs, exit up through the la

s, and uterine complications such as Asherman syndrome related to these infections are even less common.

as other factors that affect fertility and pregnancy.

s important to have comprehensive dilated eye exams to make sure you are seeing at your best.
, severe astigmatism may result from a somewhat rare condition called keratoconus , which is a degenerative non-inflammator
studies have found that the prevalence of astigmatism increases with age .Some patients with slight astigmatism will not notice

ing or shrinking of the vaginal tissue causes dryness and inflammation.The following may cause estrogen levels to drop and lea

oms:Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork Has difficulty keeping attention during task
tudies suggest that the brains of children with ADHD are different from those of other children.Depression, lack of sleep, learni

behavior and masking difficulties.

ess and lose language or social skills they had previously gained. This is called the regressive type of autism.People with autism
l twins or siblings to both have autism. Similarly, language abnormalities are more common in relatives of autistic children. Chr
oys 3 - 4 times more often than girls. Family income, education, and lifestyle do not seem to affect the risk of autism.Some doct

ves. Most people with autism are able to live with their families or in the community.The outlook depends on the severity of th
eadedness when you stand up Pale skin color (pallor) Shortness of breath Sore tongue
sease Past blood transfusions Pregnancy (if the baby's blood type is different from the mother's)Risk factors are related to the
ptoms when a health care provider diagnoses the disease; however, they can develop symptoms later.

ologic activity is associated with a poor prognosis among patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
ars in people younger than 10 years. Autoimmune adrenal insufficency appears in people younger than 15 years.Type II: autoim
on in males. Women, too, can be carriers and might suffer mildly from the disease.

epends on whether glandular failures occur or not.

uding chickens, ducks, and turkeys, very sick and kill them.Human infection with avian influenza viruses: There are many differe
ch virus caused the infection.

- infected poultry or H5N1 - contaminated surfaces. In general, H5N1 remains a very rare disease in people. The H5N1 virus do

xample—is acute pain. Acute pain comes on quickly and often leaves just as quickly. To be classified as acute, pain should last n
ve disk disease), which simply means that the disks located between the vertebrae of the spine are breaking down with age. As
perly support the spine. “Weekend warriors”—people who go out and exercise a lot after being inactive all week—are more like
our primary care physician first. In many cases, he or she can treat the problem. In other cases, your doctor may refer you to a
he outcome is generally much more predictable in people with sciatica than in those with predominant low back pain.
ith BV report no signs or symptoms at all.
ered questions about the role that harmful bacteria play in causing BV.It is not clear what role sexual activity plays in the devel
partners Douching

in or swelling is caused by a Baker's cyst or a blood clot. A blood clot (deep vein thrombosis) can also cause pain, swelling, and

able to walk Frequent falls Difficulty with running, hopping, and jumping Loss of muscle massMuscle weakness in the arms, nec
enne muscular dystrophy.

eparated abdominal muscles (diastasis recti) Seizures Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism)

ing of the eyelid and corner of the mouth, drooling, dryness of the eye or mouth, impairment of taste, and excessive tearing in
that the facial nerve swells and becomes inflamed in reaction to the infection, causing pressure within the Fallopian canal and

nction within 3 to 6 months. For some, however, the symptoms may last longer. In a few cases, the symptoms may never comp
nary stream Straining to urinate Strong and sudden urge to urinate Weak urine stream
begins to shrink in size.
ally functioning testicles.
djust your medications on your own without talking to your doctor You have taken self-care measures for 2 months without re
 Enlarged spleen Floating stools Foul-smelling stools Pale or clay-colored stools Slow growth Slow or no weight gain
s many as two times the number of African Americans are affected with biliary atresia as compared to their Caucasian counterp
cked. This can lead to liver damage and cirrhosis of the liver, which is deadly if not treated.

uch as bulimia. People with bulimia typically eat large amounts of high-calorie foods, usually in secret. After this binge eating t

yperactivity) Increased energy Racing thoughts Talking a lot Very high self-esteem (false beliefs about self or abilities) Very invo
disorder type I was called manic depression. People with bipolar disorder type II have never had full mania. Instead they experi

se serious problems.Suicide is a very real risk during both mania and depression. People with bipolar disorder or think or talk ab

uses are less common.People who have blepharitis have too much oil being produced by the glands near the eyelid. This allows

ervix Trauma to the cervix from intercourse (small amount of bleeding)Other diseases and medications can cause bleeding duri

their looks, but not believing the answer Constantly looking at their reflection or taking pains to avoid catching their reflection
e. Particular drugs, such as ecstasy, may trigger onset in susceptible people. BDD could be caused by chemical imbalances in th

0 who have other conditions, such as Paget disease (a benign condition characterized by abnormal development of new bone c

A small number of bone cancers are due to heredity. For example, children who have had hereditary retinoblastoma (an uncom
are a critical step in the development of new methods of treatment. Before any new treatment can be recommended for gener
y shifting feelings often lead to intense and unstable relationships.Other symptoms of BPD include:Fear of being abandoned Fe

asses off before any actual harm occurs. The attacks are unpredictable and strike "out of the blue" with a feeling like an iron gr

of adult males develop orchitis. Less common complications include hepatitis, pericarditis and myocarditis.
is (equal on both sides of the body)Symptoms in infants may include:Constipation Weakness, loss of muscle tone Weak cry Poo
moked or raw fish, and honey or corn syrup. Botulism may also occur if the organism enters open wounds and produces toxin t

de:Chemical, electrolyte, or mineral disturbances (such as decreased potassium levels) Complications of intra-abdominal surger

ge difficulties Loss of coordination Loss of muscle function Seizures Stiff neck Vision changes Vomiting
he brain by isolating the infection, it can also do more harm than good. The brain swells. Because the skull cannot expand, the m
 nal instability HiccupsOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with an
age group. In adults, gliomas and meningiomas are most common.Gliomas come from glial cells such as astrocytes, oligodendro

er than breast milkOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of
in risk factors are more likely than others to develop breast cancer. A risk factor is something that may increase the chance of d

r than 2cm in diameter and hasn’t spread in the US (The American Cancer Society) 88% of women survive breast cancer if it is d
that feel rubbery. They move easily inside the breast tissue. Like fibrocystic changes, they occur most often during the reprodu
mally is not invertedAlso call if:You are a woman, age 20 or older, and want guidance on how to perform a breast self-examinati

isk for having a brief reactive psychosis.

the disease is severe enough, the infant may turn bluish (cyanotic), which is an emergency.As the effort of breathing increases,
nasal fluids, or by airborne droplets. Although RSV generally causes only mild symptoms in an adult, it can cause severe illness i

y occur with this disease:Muscle pain Swollen glandsThe illness may be chronic and last for years.

cause the structures of the temporomandibular joint are very close to the ear canal, and because you can feel pain in a differen
hether or not bruxism causes pain and other problems may be a complicated mix of factors:How much stress you are under How
.Grinding and clenching does not fall clearly into one medical disciplines. For a massage-based approach, look for a massage th

tial infection (bite or scratch) Pain may occur in the area before the swelling appears
man. When someone with pneumonic plague coughs, microscopic droplets carrying the infection move through the air. Anyon

ding:Abnormal growth of cells in the bone marrow (myeloproliferative disorders) Cancers Chronic inflammatory or autoimmun

to vomit Excessive exercise Use of laxatives, enemas, or diuretics (water pills)Purging often brings a sense of relief.People with
y play a role. Bulimia is likely due to more than one factor.

d spinal fluid.Symptoms include:Lymph nodes that grow together to form a lump Nontender lymph nodes Rapid growth of the
seen in males.

hritis and gout, might also cause it. Bursitis is also commonly caused by direct trauma to a joint. Bursitis may occur at the knee
 by the end of the work week. After long periods of exposure, symptoms can continue throughout the week without improving

ess, light-headedness) You have recently traveled to a foreign country and developed diarrhea. Your diarrhea does not get bett

p your arm.Patients often report:Weak grip or difficulty carrying bags Numbness or tingling in the thumb and next two or three
mb side" of the hand (the palm, thumb, index finger, middle finger, and thumb side of the ring finger).In some cases no direct c

oss of appetite Sore throat Weight loss

mph node may form a tunnel (fistula) through the skin and drain (leak fluid). Cat scratch disease is a common cause of chronic s

o decreased vision, even in daylight. Most people with cataracts have similar changes in both eyes, although one eye may be w
d tear it takes over the yearsAlthough most cataracts are related to aging, there are other types and causes of cataract:Seconda

er common symptom in children. Malabsorption of nutrients during the years when nutrition is critical to a child’s normal grow

tion in which the glands that produce critical hormones are damaged Sjögren’s syndrome, a condition in which the glands that p

is of celiac disease is good with gluten-free diet. Full recovery occurs within few months.

w blood levels of sodium (hyponatremia) and the levels rise too fast. It also can occasionally occur when high levels of sodium in

r in less than 1% of people.Symptoms of an AVM that has not bled include: ConfusionEar noise/buzzing (also called pulsatile tin
el tissue. This allows blood to leak into the brain or surrounding tissues, and reduces blood flow to the brain.

tions- underlying cancer

dual epilepsy.
g after going through menopauseIncreased vaginal discharge Pelvic pain Pain during sexInfection s or other health problems ma
way can cause cervical cancer in some women. HPV is the cause of nearly all cervical cancers. These viruses are passed from per
t for cervical cancer, the HPV test may be used for screening women aged 30 years and older, or women of any age who have u
y not feel like eating during or soon after treatment. You may be uncomfortable or tired. You may find that foods don't taste as
 a, even if they do not have symptoms.
ical cap Device to support the uterus (pessary) Diaphragm An allergy to spermicides used for birth control or to latex in condom
too much growth of normal bacteria in the vagina (bacterial vaginosis) can also cause cervicitis.

ination and intercourse in females

h only mild exercise
umes from pesticides Smoke (from house fires and wildfires)Chronic chemical pneumonitis can occur after only low levels of ex

ters are usually first seen on the face, chest, back, scalp and then to the rest of the body associated with intense itch.After one
l with chickenpox is contagious one to two days even before the blisters appear. Infected individuals remain contagious until al

toms can be severe and disabling. Most patients feel better within a week. In some people, the joint pain may persist for mont
e same mosquitoes that transmit dengue virus. They bite mostly during the daytime.
can Republic French Guiana Guadeloupe Guyana Haiti Martinique Puerto Rico Saint Barthelemy Saint Kitts Saint Lucia Saint Ma

ay occur in women include:Burning sensation during urination Painful sexual intercourse Rectal pain or discharge Symptoms of

erson with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible
5.Risks for this condition include:Bile duct (choledochal) cysts Chronic biliary irritation History of infection with the parasitic wo
cholangiocarcinoma.Liver fluke infections: Liver fluke infection is a major cause of cholangiocarcinoma in some Asian countries.

Watery diarrhea that starts suddenly and has a "fishy" odor

nfection by eating or drinking contaminated food or water. A type of vibrio bacteria also has been associated with shellfish, esp

s occurs inside the liver. It can be caused by:Alcoholic liver disease Amyloidosis Bacterial abscess in the liver Being fed through a
 e headaches.

that occur at the end of the growth plate. Ollier's disease - a disease causing multiple enchondromas. Maffucci's syndrome - a

emoved and can turn into cancer.About half of all women with a choriocarcinoma had a hydatidiform mole, or molar pregnancy

er having chemotherapy in the past Symptoms or pregnancy occurred for more than 4 months before treatment began Chorioc
Frequent urination Incontinence Low-grade fever Pain or burning with urinationSubtle symptoms may include:Low back pain Pa
eus species

rs for several weeks. Additional symptoms of chronic bronchitis include:Ankle, feet, and leg swelling Blue-colored lips from low
The following things can make bronchitis worse:Air pollution Allergies Certain occupations (such as coal mining, textile manufa

ke heart or lung disease

he chance of a good outcome.
s Fever Heartburn Indigestion Nausea and vomiting Yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)

e pain commonly comes and goes with the period, but can last through the whole month Breasts that feel full, swollen, and hea
hey are taking estrogen.Some women feel that eating chocolate, drinking caffeine, or eating high-fat foods cause their symptom

er or organ transplantation can be at risk for serious chronic diarrhea. Determining the correct cause of chronic diarrhea is nece

rticipating in certain activitiesOther symptoms include:Feeling extremely tired for more than 24 hours after exercise that woul
ent of CFS:Age Previous illnesses Stress Genetics Environmental factorsCFS most commonly occurs in women ages 30 to 50.

so cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that th
leukemia patients have an increased risk for this cancer.Gender: Clinical data show chronic lymphocytic leukemia is more com

with treatment or has come back.The patient's general health.

as responding to an inner urge and may have abnormal sensations in the area of the tic prior to the tic occurring.Tics may conti
ding usual activities Feeling hopeless or helpless Repeated thoughts of death or suicideLow self-esteem is common with depres
h as: Certain types of cancer Long-term pain Sleeping problems Steroid medications Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)Stre
r current medications may be making you feel depressed. DO NOT change or stop taking any medications without talking to you

tiffness and pain Loss of appetite Muscle aches Neck stiffness Night sweats Painful, red lumps on lower legs (erythema nodosum
sis. It almost always mild, with few or no symptoms, and goes away without treatment. The incubation period -- the time betwe

ome persons do not know they are color blind. A parent may notice signs of color blindness when a child is learning his or her c
This is the most common type of color blindness. Other times, people have trouble seeing blue-yellow colors. People with blue-
X linked mutation is because males only have one X chromosome (XY, with the Y chromosome being significantly shorter than

ols, or blood in the stoolWeakness and fatigueOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell fo
ative colitis and Crohn's disease: Clinical surveys has show the close relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and colo
tion caused by lumps. This is the results of lumps growth on rectum wall. A surgery will be done urgently.Defecation with a lot

ever, young children often run a fever around 100-102°F.Depending on the virus that caused your cold, you may also have the f
ght colds every year. They usually get them from other children. A cold can spread quickly through schools or daycares. Colds c

oes not always follow this pattern. Some people develop severe symptoms almost right away. Others stay in the first stage.Stag
der that occurs most often in the arms or legs after a minor injury. CRPS 2 is caused by an injury to the nerve.CRPS is thought to

n their own. In other people, even with treatment the pain continues and the condition causes crippling, irreversible changes.
nd school (truancy -- beginning before age 13) Heavy drinking and/or heavy illicit drug use Intentionally setting fires Lying to ge
. For an accurate diagnosis, the behavior must be far more extreme than simple adolescent rebellion or boyish enthusiasm.Con

than boys.

bella vaccine.Pregnant women who are not vaccinated for rubella and who have not had the disease in the past risk infecting th
and young children may include:Abnormal notched and peg-shaped teeth, called Hutchinson's teeth Bone pain Blindness Cloud
among pregnant women in the United States have increased the number of infants born with congenital syphilis.

ome eye swelling. Chronic allergy often causes just itching or irritation. Allergic conjunctivitis often causes pale watery swelling
erson by:Direct contact with the infected person’s eye drainage or drainage from the person’s cough, sneeze, or runny nose. In
eae or Chlamydia trachomatis are at an increased risk for conjunctivitis. During delivery, these babies can contract ophthalmia n

malingering). Some doctors falsely believe that conversion disorder is not a real condition, and may tell patients the problem is

aqueous humour), and redness of the eye

ens wear (e.g. wearing the lenses overnight or not using proper hygiene when handling the lenses) may also lead to a corneal u
k for corneal ulcer and may become blind in both eyes, which may persist lifelong if not treated.

mal muscle postures).Other symptoms:Cognitive and visual-spatial impairments, Apraxia (loss of the ability to make familiar, pu

r during early childhood Hair loss Splayed fingers Abnormal fingernails Abnormal feet positioningDevelopmental delay, mental
a result of a missense mutation in the HRAS gene. The HRAS gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps control
o not reproduce, if they were to reproduce, the chance of passing the condition to their offspring is 50%.
d be reconsidered if no HRAS mutation is identified, and other genetic syndromes should be considered as alternative diagnose
ort stature Weight gain Menstrual irregularitiesSymptoms by damaging the optic nerveDouble vision Vision lossOther health pr

is include Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome, Carpenter syndrome, Chotzen syndrome, and Pfeiffer syndrome.However, mos

n Sleepiness Speech impairmentCJD is rarely confused with other types of dementia (such as Alzheimer's disease) because in C
late 50s.CJD can be grouped into classic or new variant disease.The classic types of CJD are:Sporadic CJD makes up the majority

microcephaly) Small jaw (micrognathia) Wide-set eyes

m. A minority of cases result from one parent carrying a rearrangement of chromosome 5 called a translocation and passing this
an abnormal angle to the base of the skull.

jjar (type 1) is the early-onset form of the disease. Arias syndrome (type 2) is a later-onset condition.The syndrome runs in fam

ems (deep vein thrombosis) Constipation Eye inflammation Fistulas (usually around the rectal area, may cause draining of pus, m
or being foreign. The immune system’s response is to attack these “invaders.” During this process, white blood cells accumulat

bowel and colon cancer if you have Crohn's disease.

5 or 6 nights, but the first night or two are usually the most severe. Rarely, croup can last for weeks. Croup that lasts longer than

provider for any of the following:Stridor (noise when breathing in) Retractions (tugging-in between the ribs when breathing in)
to life-threatening respiratory distress, (severe difficulty breathing), and respiratory failure.
k stretch marks may appear on the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, arms, and breasts. The bones are weakened, and routine activiti
s. Glucocorticoids are also used to suppress the immune system after transplantation to keep the body from rejecting the new o

ays, and this one was closed after 13 hours, with the vast majority of editors opposed to the speedy deletion and removal of all
ly person, mental changes or confusion are the only signs of a possible urinary tract infection.
der, or grow so fast that some bacteria stay in the bladder.Women tend to get infections more often than men because their ur
y Problems fully emptying your bladder (urinary retention) Procedures that involve the urinary tract Staying still (immobile) for

as those with HIV/AIDS, who become ill from CMV infection. Some otherwise healthy people with CMV infection develop a mon
e slow moving or hyperactive) Changes in sleep patterns, drowsiness Confusion (disorientation) about time or place Decrease in
fections or pneumonia (more likely in people who already have brain damage from stroke or dementia) Poisons Surgery

ent Fear Hallucinations (seeing or feeling things that are not really there) Increased activity Quick mood changes Restlessness,
hose who drink 4 - 5 pints of wine or 7 - 8 pints of beer (or 1 pint of "hard" alcohol) every day for several months.Delirium trem

d the development of dementia.The early symptoms of dementia can include:Language problems, such as trouble finding the na
ctures in certain areas of the brain.Dementia also can be due to many small strokes. This is called vascular dementia.The follow

oms of DLB, but they do know that alpha-synuclein accumulation is also linked to Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy,
day or even throughout the day
g disability.
pproval Becoming overly focused on fears of being abandoned Becoming very passive in relationships Feeling very upset or hel

petite but sometimes an increase) Difficulty concentrating Difficulty making decisions Episodes of memory loss Fatigue Feeling
th a boyfriend or girlfriend Failure at schoolTeens who are most likely to become depressed when they experience stressful ev
awal, urge to be alone, isolationCall your health care provider if you notice:Depression that is not improving or is getting worse

elderly.Clues to depression in the elderly may include:Being more confused or forgetful. Eating less. The refrigerator may be e
getting around, caring for themselves, or driving) Multiple illnesses Struggles with memory loss and problems thinking clearlyE
ou are caring for an aging family member and think they may have depression, contact their health care provider.
ent with similar symptoms.

ce workers, musicians, carpenters.

hopping, or standing on one foot) Problems with fine motor coordination (for example, writing, using scissors, tying shoelaces,
order of written expression.

esults from any kind of damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary, a synthetic hormone called desmopressin can be taken by an

those who have not been diagnosed with diabetes, or in people who have not been able to control their diabetes. The conditio
er medications that lower glucose levels

infection, illness or drugs.

erica Scandinavia Some Asian countriesAfter a person has eaten infected fish, the larva begins to grow in the intestine. Larvae

schizophrenia. The main difference is that in disorganized schizophrenia, there is a lot of strange, aimless behavior and often sp

oped or industrialized countries—particularly the United States, England, and Australia —where low-fiber diets are consumed.

r polyps or to evaluate complaints of pain or rectal bleeding.When taking a medical history, the doctor may ask about bowel ha
e. They are usually painless, but they bleed easily if injured. The disease slowly spreads and destroys genital tissue. Tissue dama
e disease spreads mostly through vaginal or anal intercourse. Very rarely, it spreads during oral sex.Men are affected more tha

of antibiotics) is the most common cause Dapsone Levodopa Levofloxacin Methyldopa Nitrofurantoin Nonsteroidal anti-inflamm

falls Rapidly worsening weaknessProgressive difficulty walking: Ability to walk may be lost by age 12By age 10, the person may
f the condition.Because of the way the disease is inherited, males are more likely to develop symptoms than are women. The s

or can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and tre

bols and word problems Unable to line up numbers properly to add, subtract, or multiply Unable to arrange numbers from sm

needing to change protection during the night, soaking through a sanitary pad or tampon every hour for 2 - 3 hours in a row) B
e their menstrual cycles occurring less often.During a normal menstrual cycle, levels of different female hormones made by you

pass blood clots or have other symptoms with the pain. Your pain is severe or sudden. Your pain occurs at times other than m
little or too much sleep Low energy or fatigue Low self-esteem Poor appetite or overeating Poor concentrationPeople with dy
mia will also have an episode of major depression at some point in their lives.Dysthymia in the elderly is often caused by:Difficu
tructive behaviors, such as injuring themselves Suddenly changing behaviors, especially being calm after a period of anxiety Tal

essed. both eyes may sometimes blink rapidly and uncontrollably, rendering a person functionally blind tremor voice or speech
al or carbon monoxide poisoning, trauma, or stroke can cause dystonic symptoms. Dystonias can also be symptoms of other dis

ely even while they are relaxed.Response to treatment is different for every person, and can even change for a person over tim
umber of people in the United States, who were infected with the fourth type of the virus, known as Ebola Reston, did not deve
s found ill or dead in the rainforest. It is important to reduce contact with high-risk animals, including not picking up dead anim
:Bleeding from eyes, ears, and nose Bleeding from the mouth and rectum (gastrointestinal bleeding)Depression Eye inflammati
nies Hunters in rain forests who contact with abandoned dead animals Research is being conducted to evaluate the risk of imm
to improve the survival rateand to control the spread of the disease. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve the chances o

s form. Cysts can also form in the:Brain Bones Kidney Lungs Skeletal muscles Spleen
n.It is difficult to predict which women with preeclampsia will go on to have seizures.

Pain that is felt in the shoulder area Severe, sharp, and sudden pain in the lower abdomenInternal bleeding due to a rupture m
ften caused by a condition that blocks or slows the movement of a fertilized egg through the fallopian tube to the uterus. This m

The rate of death due to an ectopic pregnancy in the United States has dropped in the last 30 years to less than 0.1%.

iratory wheeze. In advanced disease, there are signs of fluid overload such as pitting peripheral edema. The face has a ruddy co

type of emphysema caused by A1AD is known as panacinar emphysema (involving the entire acinus) as opposed to centrilobul

Nipple discharge
me.The pituitary makes several hormones that control the other glands in the body, including the:Adrenal glands Ovaries Testic

nserted through the chest wall to draw off fluid in the pleural space for medical diagnosis or treatment (thoracentesis).

on, disorientation Drowsiness Irritability or poor temper control Light sensitivity Stiff neck and back (occasionally) VomitingSym
son Contaminated food or drink Mosquito, tick, and other insect bites Skin contactDifferent viruses will occur in different locati

causes may be related to:A lack of toilet training Toilet training at too early an age Emotional disturbance such as oppositional d

trogen ExposureEstrogen exposure through estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy. A combination estrogen-progestin re
after intercourse or douching Bleeding lasting longer than 7 days Periods that occur every 21 days or more Bleeding or spottin

his includes a D and C, hysteroscopy, and placement of an intrauterine device (IUD).Endometritis can occur at the same time as

orm eggs and putting their fingers in their mouths. The eggs are swallowed and eventually, matures in the small intestine. Fem
and blister fluid (in those with rash). Infected people can transmit the virus even if they don't have symptoms.You can get expo

ependymal tumors. ERBB2, ERBB4, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT gene expression promote tumor cell pro
swollen, heavy feeling in the testicle Testicle pain that is made worse by a bowel movement or straining
ommon virus that causes isolated orchitis is mumps. It most often occurs in boys after puberty. Orchitis usually develops 4 - 6 da
mumps Structural abnormalities of the urinary tract that occurred at birth (congenital) Regular urinary tract infections Surgery o

hronic cases, there is usually no swelling, but there is pain.Mumps orchitis cannot be treated, and the outcome can vary. Men w
again. But this pattern may NOT appear in all people.The most important symptoms of an extradural hemorrhage are:Confusion
h then bleeds into the space between the dura mater and the skull. The affected vessels are often torn by skull fractures.This is
ache, anxiety, speech difficulties, and complete or partial loss of movement in part of the body.Go to the emergency room or c

by the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), although it may be caused by other bacteria or viruses. Upper respirat

ich may be watery or bloody Fatigue Fever Muscle aches

en mild, but then gets worse over time. At last, patients can no longer eat and can only consume water.Chest pain or chest bur
sophagus, a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), increases the risk for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. T
-16 times higher risk of getting adenocarcinoma of the esophagus than those without GERD.Barrett's esophagus: Barrett's esop
the doctor to obtain nutritional support.Vomiting a large amount of blood: This is the result of cancer invading the vessels of e

ding to sores (lesions) in your esophagus. The following can increase your chances of getting thrush:Taking steroid medications

ns (such as corticosteroids) may develop infections that lead to esophagitis.

tion can even cause strokes in some people.

rimary myelofibrosisThis disorder is most common in middle aged people. It can also be seen in younger people, especially wom
or lymphoma are as under:Age Getting older is a strong risk factor for lymphoma overall, with most cases occurring in people in
Felling dryness in the eye or the mouth Headache Pain behind the ear Alteration of taste on the affected side Hyperacusis
poisoning. idiopathic, such as Bell's palsy

early treatment leave behind no change in the face.

following are delayed or slow to develop:Physical skills such as rolling over, sitting, standing and walking Mental and social skill
nt than the actual measurements.It is important to determine whether failure to thrive results from medical problems or facto

pain Chest pain that is sharp and gets worse when taking a breath Fever or alternating chills and fever Joint pain Skin lesions t
rare. Risk factors include a family history of familial Mediterranean fever or having Mediterranean ancestry.

ash Headache Any change in consciousness such as restlessness, disorientation, confusion, seizures, or stupor Any change in ur

hese symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problem

ects such as ventricular septal defect (VSD) or atrial septal defect (ASD) Structural problems with the face, including:Narrow, sm
at risk, since no "safe" level of alcohol use during pregnancy has been established. However, larger amounts appear to increase

th their families on educational and behavioral strategies that best fit the individual child’s needs.
lityOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptom

women. Ovarian fibroma s are rare and are typically found in women in their 50s during perimenopause (transition to menopa

d for patients with debilitating symptoms of uterine fibroids, but it is not an option for women who are planning future pregna

h those secretions, such as sharing drinking cups or utensils. A person infected with parvovirus B19 is contagious during the ear

cause an acute, severe anemia. The ill person may be pale, weak, and tired, and should see his or her physician for treatment. (

oluble vitamins dissolve in water. Leftover amounts of the vitamin leave the body through the urine.Because folate is not stored
uld tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. Diseases with similar symptoms are

tion includes medical treatments and radiation\\ fallout from power plant accidents or nuclear weapons. Hereditary condition
mals may suffer weight loss from which they do not recover for several months as well as swelling in the testicles of mature ma
ere is another viral disease with similar symptoms, commonly referred to as "hand, foot and mouth disease", that occurs more
dy pain in the right upper abdomen that increases rapidly and lasts from 30 minutes to several hours Pain in the back between
s People who take cholesterol-lowering drugs

eous emphysema)Blisters filled with brown-red fluidDrainage from the tissues, foul-smelling brown-red or bloody fluid (serosan
mful substances (toxins) that can damage body tissues, cells, and blood vessels.Gas gangrene develops suddenly. It usually occ

o infect adults exposed to children with the virus. Outbreaks may also occur in nursing homes. These viruses are often found in

n an infant's head (fontanelle)

site sex Feel alone Have depression or anxiety Want to live as a person of the opposite sex Wish to be rid of their own genitalsE
n different ways. For example, some people with normal genitalia and sexual characteristics (such as breasts) of one gender priv

ty controlling them.Other symptoms include:Difficulty concentrating Fatigue Irritability Problems falling or staying asleep, and s

ty controlling them.Other symptoms include:Difficulty concentrating Fatigue Irritability Problems falling or staying asleep, and s

ardia infection have no symptoms at all. The time between infection and developing symptoms is 7 - 14 days.
spread by direct person-to-person contact, which has caused outbreaks in institutions such as day care centers.Anything that co
or those sick with giardiasis People who drink water or use ice made from places where Giardia may live (for example, untreate

atelets from clumping.

estinal bleeding Heavy bleeding during and after surgery Bleeding into joints (rare)
Myelodysplastic syndrome Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Pregnancy Autoimmune diseases (eg, systemic lupus eryth

reased or cloudy vision Nausea and vomiting Rainbow-like halos around lights Red eye Eye feels swollenLow-tension or normal
ugh channels in the front of the eye in an area called the anterior chamber angle, or simply the angle. Anything that slows or bl
an Americans, studies show that glaucoma is:Five times more likely to occur in African Americans than in Caucasians. About fo

ant to carefully and regularly follow up with your doctor.Angle-closure glaucoma Rapid diagnosis and treatment of an attack is
ve urination Fever General ill feeling, fatigue, and loss of appetite Joint or muscle aches Nosebleed
quarter of people with chronic glomerulonephritis have no history of kidney disease.
dy disease Blood vessel diseases such as vasculitis or polyarteritis Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Goodpasture syndrome H

ge kidney disease.

are usually brief, because the body continues to produce new red blood cells, which have normal activity.Red blood cell destru

Muscle cramps
or family history: A personal or family history of autoimmune disease increases your risk. Certain medications: Some drugs, suc

o 24 hours after it begins. Lingering discomfort.Certain diseases can present with similar symptoms likeCellulitis Rheumatoid a
female after menopause

tions or arrhythmia) Restlessness and difficulty sleeping Shortness of breath with exertion Tremor Weight loss (rarely, weight ga
kes too much thyroid hormone, the condition is called hyperthyroidism.
e increases if other family members have it.Researchers have not been able to find a specific gene that causes the disease to be

sually cause infection.There are two ways in which it may be passed to a newborn baby:The infant can become infected as he o
efore baby is delivered Use of intrauterine fetal monitoring (scalp lead) during labor
rly stages of this disease can produce subtle symptoms.

usually cause infection. There are two ways in which it may be passed to a newborn baby:The infant can become infected as h
rly stages of this disease can produce subtle symptoms.

h about 2 inches a year. They may have low weight than their peers, although some on the higher percentile in weight. These c

oes not work in other children.

legs and then spreads to the arms. This is called ascending paralysis.Patients may notice tingling, foot or hand pain, and clumsi
ually, signs of the original infection have disappeared before the symptoms of Guillain-Barre begin.Guillain-Barré syndrome cau
ases happen. CDC collaborates with state and local health departments to investigate reports of possibly unusually large numb

eeks after they first started.

Bacteremia (bloodstream infection) Fever and chills Excessive tiredness Pain in the belly Nausea with or without vomiting Diarr
ver, the bacteria can sometimes move to other parts of the body and cause infection. Some of these infections are considered

s are most common) Fever, especially in children and the elderly Narcolepsy Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and ps
ur health care provider, go to the emergency room, or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if someone appears to be
s it to shrink and the goiter to disappear. Not everyone with Hashimoto’s disease develops hypothyroidism. For those who do, t
mon in women and people with a family history of thyroid disease. It affects between 0.1% and 5% of all adults in Western coun
eneration to the next. Possible environmental influences are also being studied. For example, researchers have found that exce
nd unusual bleeding or pain in the mouth. Nasal cavity and sinuses. Sinuses that are blocked and do not clear, chronic sinus inf
ohol are at greater risk for developing these cancers than people who use either tobacco or alcohol alone.Other risk factors for

nsensus panels in America (American Joint Committee on Cancer AJCC and Europe) have established staging systems for head a

ressure and are diagnosed with preeclampsia before they develop HELLP syndrome.However, in some cases, HELLP symptoms
health care provider to find and treat conditions such as HELLP syndrome early.
uture pregnancies.
at a younger age. The symptoms depend on which organs are being affected by the iron buildup.Early indications of hemochro
eriting two copies of this gene.Not everyone who is born with two copies of the mutated HFE gene develops the disease. Scienti
European descent (for example, families from England, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, France, and Scandinavia) have a higher cha

he reason for the premature destruction of red blood cells. The defect may be in the red blood cell itself (intrinsic factors), or o

patibility, which can cause very severe anemia in the baby.

arrhea WeaknessLater symptoms:Bruising Decreased consciousness Low urine output No urine output Pallor Seizures -- rare Sk

er diseases and infections, and after taking certain medications such as mitomycin C or ticlopidine.HUS is more complicated in

cases, hemophilia is passed down through families (inherited). It most often affects males.

happen anywhere, and bleeding into joints is common.Symptoms may include:Bleeding into joints, with associated pain and sw
romosome, so if the factor VIII/ IX gene on that chromosome is defective, they will have hemophilia. Thus, most people with he

time (PT) Normal bleeding time (BT) Normal fibrinogen level Prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
ponse to surgery or trauma. Internal bleeding may occur anywhere and bleeding into joints is common.Symptoms can include:
o if the factor IX gene on that chromosome is defective, they will have Hemophilia B. Therefore, most people with hemophilia

The ability to have quick and easy access to medical records documenting the patient's history of factor IX levels, factor transfu
or mood changes Poor concentration Poor judgment Worsening of handwriting or loss of other small hand movementsMore s
by the body or taken into the body (such as medicines) and make them harmless. However, when the liver is damaged, these "p

benign infantile hemangioendothelioma (also called multinodular hepatic hemangiomatosis). This rare, noncancerous tumor h
m and does not lead to chronic liver problems. The symptoms of hepatitis include:Abdominal pain or distention Headache Breas
ed by one of several viruses, which is why it is often called viral hepatitis. The most common types of viral hepatitis in the Unite

Malaise Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain Dark urine Clay-colored bowel movements Joint pa
ated water.People with HAV are infectious from the beginning of the incubation period (about a month before symptoms) unti
with acute hepatitis A infection Travelling to areas of high endemicity without being immunized.
der. There is no cure for Hepatitis A. The best advice to get healthy quicker is to avoid alcohol and get plenty of fluids and rest. O
er failure), which is associated with high mortality.
way over a period of weeks to months.Some people's bodies are not able to completely get rid of the hepatitis B. This is called c
nsmission and the use of contaminated needles, especially among injecting drug users, are the major routes of infection.The he
% of children infected before the age of 6 years develop chronic infectionsIn adults:<5% of otherwise healthy adults who are in

epatitis B virus develop the chronic condition. Chronic hepatitis B infection increases the risk for liver damage, including cirrhos
otension and even death. Patients with hepatocellular adenomas typically have a history of oral contraceptive use (females) and
tal spontaneous rupture. Glycogen storage disease types I, II and IV Long term use of anabolic androgenic steroids Metabolic sy
include: Clomiphene Methyltestosterone Danazol Klinefelter's syndrome Glycogen storage diseases I, II and IV. Familial adenom

nnoticed until adulthood.

s, you will need urgent surgery.

e properly before birth. About 5 out of 100 children have inguinal hernias (more boys than girls). Some children may not have
oin or belly button, or that is associated with a previous surgical cut.

mia Difficulty swallowing Chronic cough, wheezing, and even pneumonia: These symptoms in respiratory system are caused bec
nic esophagitis Abdominal ascites

l contents build up behind the blockage, causing the bowel and abdomen to become swollen. If the condition is severe, the ne

nships are more intimate than they actually are Blaming failure or disappointment on others Constantly seeking reassurance o

ymptoms for years between the time the are exposed to the virus and when they develop AIDS. Initial infections can present s
penis, rectum, or mouth. By sharing a needle and syringe to inject drugs or sharing drug equipment used to prepare drugs for
as screening for HIV was not s standard test at that time
diseases which their bodies acquire, and report them to their physicians as they occur.
ents and vaccine development. Unfortunately, HIV medications are not always available in the developing world, where the bul
ere are swollen lymph nodes in the chest Excessive sweating Pain or feeling of fullness below the ribs due to swollen spleen or
as a close relationship with Hodgkin's lymphoma.Family history: The reason why family history may increase risk of developing H

treatment may be more intense. However, 90% of people with advanced disease survive for at least 5 years.Patients who surv
t Knock knees Long limbs Mental retardation Nearsightedness Psychiatric disorders Spidery fingers (arachnodactyly) Tall, thin b

orns.Patients with persistent rises in blood homocysteine levels are at increased risk for blood clots. Clots can cause significant
ep breathing or coughingShortness of breath
acquired pneumonia occurs more often in patients who are using a respirator machine to help them breathe. This machine is al

kin color due to a lack of oxygen (cyanosis) Breathing difficulty or labored breathing Cough Croupy cough (often described as a
blows their nose, coughs, or sneezes. You can catch RSV if:A person with RSV sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose near you You

wild jerking movements of the arms, legs, face, and other body parts Unsteady gaitDementia that slowly gets worse, including
repeated 36 to 120 times.As the gene is passed on from one generation to the next, the number of repeats called a CAG repea

w repeats may have mild abnormal movements later in life and slow disease progression, while those with a large number of re
rt rate Restlessness, nervousness Skin warmer and more moist than usual Trembling hands Unexplained weight lossSymptoms
into the uterine wall and cause bleeding or other complications.In a few cases, a hydatidiform mole may develop into a chorioc

ollen. Hydroceles normally go away a few months after birth, but their appearance may worry new parents. Occasionally, a hyd

ess Shrill cries Changes in ability to think or act Personality changes Uncontrollable eye movements Changes in eye shape Doub
pressure on the brain.Many times the cause of hydrocephalus remains unknown. But some of the known causes include the fol

with how the body organs work.Nonimmune hydrops fetalis occurs when a disease or medical condition disrupts the body's ab

tion can last for years.Hymenolepis nana infections are much more common than Hymenolepis diminuta infections in humans.

egnancy can happen if you are pregnant with twins (or more) or if you have a hydatidiform mole.

or sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as ear
diabetes medicine, or not eating enough food with ordinary dosage, or suddenly increasing your exercise without increasing th
lenses may be required to correct the vision. If you have family members who are farsighted, you are also more likely to becom
u suddenly develop severe eye pain, eye redness, or decreased vision you should see your eye doctor immediately.

yroid hormone causes more calcium to be taken from the bone and more calcium to be reabsorbed by the intestines and kidne

eep apnea Carpal Tunnel syndrome Joint pain and limitation of motion Muscle weakness Numbness or tingling of skin Osteopor

the adenoma. Postoperative serum GH levels: Basal serum GH levels obtained immediately after surgery suggest the outcome
ation or amenorrhea, galactorrhea) without pregnant or nursing, loss of libido, intercourse pain and infertility.

on by an ophthalmologist is needed.

es and VLDL is not understood. Familial hypertriglyceridemia does not usually become noticeable until puberty or early adultho

one. Drugs leading top hypoaldosteronism include ACE inhibitor, ARBs, calcineurin inhibitors, nitric oxide and heparin.

l electrical conduction in heart that can be fatal. Patient having underlying renal disease or diabetic nephropathy may progress
toms.Symptoms may shift and change, and are often vague. People with hypochondria often examine their own body.Those wh
ns, a cycle of symptoms and worry begins, which can be difficult to stop.It is important to realize that people with hypochondria

d and body hair, breast enlargement, muscle loss and infertility.For hypogonadism caused by diseases from central nervous sys
ncies, and hemochromatosis. Liver and kidney disease

oblems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the do

e calcium test: This test can show whether your body is excreting too much calcium. X-rays and bone density tests

al curvature or chordee) of the penis during an erection. (Erections are common with infant boys.)Other symptoms include:Abn
furantoin Phenytoin Steroids (starting or stopping them) Sulfa drugs Tamoxifen Tetracycline Vitamin AThe following factors are

d to result from an inflammatory response to an unknown substance. " Idiopathic " means no cause can be found. The disease

The disorder can appear suddenly (acute), or progress slowly over many years (chronic glomerulonephritis).Risk factors include

within about 25 years.

ood supply to the bowel (mesenteric ischemia) Infections inside the abdomen, such as appendicitis Kidney or lung disease Use

by's blood type is different from the mother's) Reaction to certain medications Reaction to certain infectionsSecondary immun

sed insulin. Insulin is a substance that moves sugar (glucose) from the blood into body tissues. The infant will need close monito
h for instructions on how to obtain state-assisted prenatal care.

breathing. Unusual breathing movement -- drawing back of the chest muscles with breathing.
th lung development.The earlier a baby is born, the less developed the lungs are and the higher the chance of Infant RDS. Most

gh pressures delivered to the lungs, the severity of the Infant respiratory distress syndrome itself, or periods when the brain or

nnot move from the ovaries to the womb The ovaries have problems producing eggsFemale infertility may be caused by:Autoim

y occur with ulcerative colitis include the following:Gastrointestinal bleeding Joint pain Nausea and vomitingThe main symptom
estine and rectum with scar tissue. Death of colon tissue or sepsis may occur with severe disease.The symptoms vary in severity

ier than the general population in routine surveillance of the colon by colonoscopy, and therefore patients are much more like
of the illness, the "whole body" symptoms begin to subside, and respiratory symptoms begin to increase.The most prominent o
emIn most individuals who are otherwise healthy, the flu goes away within 7 to 10 days.

distress, and the more difficult sleep becomes.

e symptom that causes people with depression to seek medical help.

only thrive if they get 10 - 11 hours.Sleep requirements also change with age. Listen to your body's sleep signals and don't try to

mors of the pancreas that produce too much insulin are called insulinomas. Insulinomas keep making insulin, even when your b

this condition also have a dry cough. A dry cough means you do not cough up any mucus or sputum.Over time, weight loss, mu
to your lungs, and therefore to your body.Interstitial lung diseases can be broken down into two large groups:Those that have n

low-normal weight.Infections during pregnancy that affect the developing baby, such as rubella, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmos

n in premature babies who have had respiratory distress syndrome, high blood pressure, and other conditions. The condition m

rittle nails Light-headedness when you stand up Pale skin color Shortness of breath Sore tongueSymptoms of the conditions th
on, the blood cannot carry oxygen effectively. Your body normally gets iron through your diet and by re-using iron from old red

ow blood loss: usually through menstrual periods or bleeding in the digestive tract Rapid growth (in the first year of life and in a
s should have a screening test for iron deficiency at this age. Babies born prematurely may need to be tested earlier.
ody rebuild its iron storage.Iron supplementation improves learning, memory, and cognitive test performance in adolescents w
are dying or breaking down and going to the liver The liver is overloaded or damaged The bilirubin from the liver is unable to m

determine the pituitary gland's ability to appropriately respond to GnRH, a hormone produced in the hypothalamus. During the

ation Muscle rigidity Speech difficulties Seizures Movement disorder

y ill, the substance will move out of the blood and collect in the brain tissue. This can lead to serious neurological complication

al urinary tract Trauma

mptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can b

moking: Tobacco use increases the risk of developing renal cell carcinoma. Obesity: Clinical surveys demonstrate that kidney ca
kidneys. This causes swelling of the kidney or kidneys, causing pain. The pain is usually severe.Kidney stones are common. A pe

a group of sex chromosome problems. It results in males who have at least one extra X chromosome. Usually, this occurs due

ocrinologist and infertility specialist may also be helpful.

the child is developing a hearing problem or has become suddenly deaf. Hearing tests, however, show normal hearing. Childre

h therapy is started early. Seizures generally disappear by adulthood.

ken to them Problems organizing their thoughtsChildren with an expressive language disorder have problems using language to
anguage disorder.Problems with receptive language skills usually begin before age 4. Some mixed language disorders are cause
ur child's health care provider if you see the following signs that your child does not understand language well:At 15 months: do
arning difficulty later in childhood. They may also have reading disorders.

t in girls Small penis in boys Delayed sexual development Childlike proportions in adults Obesity

and lipid test: It may show hypoglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in patients with Laron syndrome. A bone age test: For child

life.After treatment, patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing. A small percentage of patients (5%) w

cterial infection Bronchitis Common cold Flu Injury Irritants and chemicals PneumoniaLaryngitis often occurs with an upper res

life.After treatment, patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing. A small percentage of patients (5%) w
oss of energy Muscle aches and stiffness Nonproductive cough Shaking chills Shortness of breath
not been proven. Most infections occur in middle-aged or older people, although they have been reported in children. Typical
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Long-term use of a breathing machine (ventilator) Medicines that suppress the immune

hese symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problem
 ness Skin rash Sore throat
exposure -- farmers, ranchers, slaughterhouse workers, trappers, veterinarians, loggers, sewer workers, rice field workers, and
hrough contact with water, food, or soil containing urine from these infected animals. This may happen by swallowing contamin

syndrome is self-destructive behavior characterized by chewing off fingertips and lips, if not restrained. It is unknown how the
ffects about 1 in 380,000 people.

syndrome is self-destructive behavior characterized by chewing off fingertips and lips, if not restrained. It is unknown how the
ffects about 1 in 380,000 people.

deeply or cough Headache Excessive sweating and clammy skin Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue Confusion, especially i
eathe in (inhale) food, liquids, vomit, or secretions from the mouth into your lungs (aspiration pneumonia)Pneumonia caused b
serious illnesses, such as heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or diabetes mellitus Living in a nursing facility Impaired consciousness (l
chemotherapyInfants with pneumonia may not have a cough. Call your doctor if your infant makes grunting noises or the area
of the liverYour doctor may want to make sure your chest x-ray becomes normal again after you take a course of antibiotics. H

osarcoma, like the following.Neurofibromatosis (NF1; von Recklinghausen disease) Gardner syndrome (Familial adenomatous p
derstand whether tumor has damaged the bone or spread to other areas.Biopsy: A biopsy is the most sensitive test for the diag
ss of sensation in and around the area of the tumor
or not the tumor can be removed by surgery
the infant (symptoms appear age 5 days or older) and infection in children is often seen as meningitis.In adults, the disease ma
e bacterium has been found in a variety of foods, such as:Uncooked meats and vegetables Unpasteurized (raw) milk and chees
ses of Listeria infection occurs during pregnancy. The bacteria may cross the placenta and infect the developing baby. Infection

usEscherichia coliKlebsiella pneumoniaeStaphylococcus aureusStreptococcusIn most cases, more than one type of bacteria is f

known causeMost often these symptoms are not due to cancer. Other health problems can cause some of these symptoms. A
you started smoking, the greater your risk of lung cancer. There is no evidence that smoking low-tar cigarettes lowers the risk.H
er in nonsmokers. The more a person is exposed to smoke, the greater the risk of lung cancer. For more information, see the N

of chronic lymphatic obstruction such as after surgery, infections or radiotherapy

 anal intercourse Drainage through the skin from lymph nodes in groin Blood or pus from the rectum (blood in the stools) Pain

ymphoma are as under:Age Getting older is a strong risk factor for lymphoma overall, with most cases occurring in people in th
both forms cause no pain.More detailed symptoms by type include:Dry macular degeneration: The most common early sign is

risk factors include:Smoking: Smoking may increase the risk of macular degeneration. Obesity: Research studies suggest a link b

recognize faces that are not very close-up, it never causes complete blindness. This disorder results in the loss of central vision
ppetite, often with weight gain or loss Very difficult to concentrate Fatigue and lack of energy Feelings of hopelessness and hel
lness. Anyone can develop depression, even kids.The following may play a role in depression:Alcohol or drug abuse Certain me
not there. You have frequent crying spells with little or no reason. Your depression is disrupting work, school, or family life. You
re, long-term depression. Sometimes people will need to stay on medications for long periods of time.

sites TuberculosisHEART AND LUNG (CARDIOPULMONARY) DISEASECongestive heart failure COPDORGAN FAILUREAcute or chr

nced by children Sweating stage - characterized by sweating and exhaustion upon the return to normal temperatureFollowing a
a recently recognized type of malaria parasite, naturally infecting macaques in Southeast Asia as well as humans, which results
ng delivery.People who are heavily exposed to the bites of mosquitoes infected with P. falciparum (causes severe and life-threa
r health-care provider.

g for a long time).MSUD also occurs in an intermittent form and a mild form. Even in the mildest form, repeated periods of phy

than winter because dinoflagelates grow well in warmer seasons. It is estimated from cases with available data that one person

er Fluid draining from the ear Loss of balance Unresponsiveness to quiet sounds or other signs of hearing difficulty such as sitti

une systems are not fully developed. Smaller and straighter eustachian tubes are more prone to clogging. Larger adenoids inter
headache, dizziness, swelling around the ear, or twitching of the face musclesFor a child younger than 6 months, let the doctor
e rise to sever complicationsComplications from mastoiditis, including meningitis and bone and brain abscesses (infections of t
hese symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problem

tion includes medical treatments and radiation fallout from power plant accidents or nuclear weapons. Hereditary conditions: S

problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

len, red tongue or bleeding gums

ents or for all events. The problem may involve learning new information or forming new memories.Mental or thinking abilitie

so cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should visit the doctor so that t

umors.Female hormones: As a tumor common in women than men, doctors believe that female hormones may play an import

s meningitis may develop relatively gradually. The most common symptoms of each type of meningitis include:Fever and chills
a-zoster virus. Fungi: Patinets at higher risk of fungal meningitis include those who have AIDS, leukemia, or other forms of imm

ppression is poor.

mall intestine and kidneys.Menkes syndrome is inherited, which means it runs in families.

weeks.Common symptoms of menopause include:Heart pounding or racing Hot flashes Headach Night sweats Skin flushing Slee
ormones over time. The specific symptoms and how significant (mild, moderate, or severe) they vary from woman to woman.A

he uterus), adenomyosis Medical conditions such as thyroid and pituitary disorders, diabetes, cirrhosis of the liver, and system
for you. You have a fever or abnormal vaginal discharge, especially if it has an odor. You have bleeding or spotting after menopa
etardation is associated with infant-like behavior throughout life.
.Failure to adapt (adjust to new situations) normally and grow intellectually may become apparent early in a child's life. In the c

use:Abdominal pain Ascites or abdominal distension A mass in the abdomen Problems with bowel function Fatigue Weight los
more often than women. The average age at diagnosis is 60.
adiation: During the past, thorotrast is found to invlove in the development of mesothelioma. Simian virus 40 (SV40): Some lab

quired methemoglobinemia include:Bluish coloring of the skin Headache Fatigue Shortness of breath Lack of energy
e condition. It occurs when there is a problem with an enzyme called cytochrome b5 reductase.There are two types of this form
al dryness due to lack of estrogen after menopause Stress Stopping and starting birth control pills or estrogens Underactive thy

icrocephaly include: Cornelia de Lange syndrome Cri du chat syndrome Down syndrome Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Seckel syn

tain where the virus came from. However, it likely came from an animal source. In addition to humans, MERS-CoV has been fou

vomiting Sensitivity to light and sound Cold hands and cold feet
o change during pregnancy or menopause.Many individuals with migraine can identify triggers that cause or aggravate the hea
ge Treatments that once worked are no longer helpful You have side effects from medication, including irregular heartbeat, pal

mptoms will depend upon the affected areas of the body.

with primary tuberculous get better and have no further evidence of disease. Disseminated TB develops in the small number of

e) May switch sides from month to month or from one episode to another Begins midway through the menstrual cycle
g follicle and may cause irritation of the abdominal lining.

close physical contact with infected person, direct contact with lesions, bodily fluids, respiratory secretions of an infected perso

ged liver (more common in adults) Jaundice (more common in adults)Some rarer and more serious symptoms are:Lower levels
he virus. They are typically not at risk of reinfection but are at risk of infecting others. Because so many people have been infect
oped countries.

ot hurt the baby in any way unless you lose weight, such as with severe vomiting. The amount of morning sickness during one p

mit more than 3 times per day or you cannot keep food or liquid down.
cases, nerve pain occurs in the space between the second and third toes. This is not a common form of Morton's neuroma, bu

hes are prone to motion sickness during a migraine and prone to getting a migraine while they are experiencing motion sicknes
of TB disease in other parts of the body will depend on the affected area.
the drugs When the supply of drugs is not always available When the drugs are of poor quality
ant TB diseaseTuberculosis bacteria are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, s

e easily, such as balancing a checkbook, playing games (such as bridge), and learning new information or routines Getting lost o
brain. A stroke is sometimes called an infarct. Multi-infarct means that many areas in the brain have been injured due to a lack

eriods (in women) Loss of appetite Loss of body or facial hair (in men) Mental changes or confusion Muscle pain Nausea and vom

oms No conclusive results despite intense medical investigations New symptoms that appear after medical tests prove negative
ntal problems such as depression, hallucinations or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) The need to blame personal failures on

child throw up or have diarrhea, or using other tricks, such as infecting intravenous (given through a vein) lines to make the ch

n be provoked by child abuse.Some children may die from infections or other injuries inflicted by parents with Munchausen syn

caused by a slipped disk in the spine) StrokeBecker muscular dystrophy Dermatomyositis Muscular dystrophy (Duchenne) Myot

n severe cases, from a blood culture. A medical provider should evaluate the infection to determine if it may be due to M. absc

en the pulmonary infection is associated with underlying predisposing factors, such as gastrointestinal or pulmonary condition
aches and joint stiffness Neck lump Rapid breathing Skin lesions or rash
e living or working in crowded areas such as schools and homeless shelters, although many people who contract mycoplasma p
 not able to make enough blood cells. Anemia, bleeding problems, and a higher risk of infections may develop as a result.The li

htening of the chest at the beginning of exerciseChildren with myotonia congenita often appear to be muscular and well-develo
alled myotonia.

at causes the person to fall down Sweating (may be heavy) Uncontrollable eye movements Vomiting and nausea The feeling of
us labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth, which is encased by bone, is necessary for hearing and balance and is filled with a fluid

che, fever, nausea, or vomiting. Later symptoms can include stiff neck, confusion, lack of attention to people and surroundings,

water, such as hot springs Warm water discharge from industrial plants Geothermal (naturally hot) drinking water sources Soil S

expectations of favorable treatment Need constant attention and admiration Disregard the feelings of others, and have little ab

refreshed.Dream-like hallucinations may occur during the stage between sleep and wakefulness. They involve seeing or hearin
uch as disrupted work schedules, can make narcolepsy worse.

velops in an infant that is already ill or premature, and most often develops while the infant is still in the hospital.

velops in an infant that is already ill or premature, and most often develops while the infant is still in the hospital.Those with a h

tissues (hypoxia) Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, which occurs when blood moves from one twin to the other.The extra RBCs

breathing. Unusual breathing movement -- drawing back of the chest muscles with breathing.
th lung development.The earlier a baby is born, the less developed the lungs are and the higher the chance of Infant RDS. Most

gh pressures delivered to the lungs, the severity of the Infant respiratory distress syndrome itself, or periods when the brain or

streptococcus infection during pregnancy Preterm delivery Water breaking (rupture of membranes) that lasts longer than 24 ho
xtremity that is most frequently radicular. Cranial nerve manifestation includes diplopia which is the most common sign in this
circulation or by the Batsons venous plexus. Invasion from a primary brain tumor to the meninges - when cancer cells lodge in
alence for neoplastic meningitis. Brain surgery increases the chance of developing NM. It has been observed after resection of

gnosis of patients with neoplastic meningitis includes gene involvement and use of immunotherapy and other targeted therapi
aches) General ill feeling (malaise) Headache Slow, sluggish, lethargic movement Cough containing mucus or pink, frothy mate
nfective endocarditis Klebsiella pneumonia Goodpasture syndrome Hepatitis Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis I & II.

elop complications or progress to chronic glomerulonephritis.Adults do not recover as well or as quickly as children. Although i
e above signs and symptoms should see their primary care physician immediately.
nephrotic syndrome are usually described by the histology, e.g. minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomeruloscle
umber (such as 911) if convulsions occur.

, bruises, and pale skin Weakness, numbness, inability to move a body part, or difficulty walking Horner's syndrome: Drooping e

alisAsymptomatic neurosyphilis occurs before symptomatic syphilis.

d, but there is almost no brain and nervous system involvement, such as loss of motor skills. Some patients may have repeated
t hard for organs to work properly. Type A occurs in all races and ethnicities, but higher rates are seen in the Ashkenazi (Easter

ulin (WinRho) Ribavirin Snake bites (some snake venom contains hemolytic toxins) Sulfonamides Sulfones

Asbestos Chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethe
V non small cell lung cancer. Cure rates are related to the stage of disease and whether you are able to have surgery.Stage I and

of the kidneys, and shock. Mitochondrial abnormalities

se these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the pro
ncreases after an organ transplant or in people with HIV infection.There are many different types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (
as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and others have been linked with an increased rate of non-Hodgk

omiting Diarrhea Headache Fatigue Fever Muscle aches

wsworthy descriptions of outbreaks on military and cruise ships and in hotels, restaurants, daycare centers, nursing homes, and
interfere with their rigid routines. They may not be able to express their anger directly. Instead, people with OCPD experience

n with this illness may lead to feelings of depression and anxiety later in life.
gnizes that the behavior is excessive or unreasonable.
with OCD have tics, which suggests the condition may be related to Tourette syndrome. However, this link is not clear.
 Waking up from sleep unrested Waking up many times at nightPersons with this disease are extremely sensitive to even small
tic defect.The disease mainly affects men 20 to 50 years old, although it may also occur in young boys.

f chemical poisoning) Krabbe Disease Seizures Severe electrolyte imbalance Severe head injury Stiff-person syndrome (a conditi

be more than normal childhood misbehavior.The pattern of behaviors must be different from those of other children around t
ool years.This disorder is thought to be caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.

ow symptoms of diencephalic syndrome, which includes delayed growth, loss of appetite and body fat, daytime sleeping and d

aves aggressively.
e:Abnormal taste in the mouth Mouth sores Swallowing difficulty Tongue problems
use are associated with 70 - 80% of oral cancer cases. Smoke and heat from cigarettes, cigars, and pipes irritate the mucous m

t or neck.Approximately 25% of people with oral cancer die because of delayed diagnosis and treatment.

on your tongue. The following can increase your chances of getting thrush:Taking steroid medications Having an HIV infection o
da. Taking high doses of antibiotics or taking antibiotics for a long time also increases the risk of oral thrush. Antibiotics kill som
cations to suppress your immune system.

ilus influenzae B) vaccine.The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-hemolytic streptococci ma

e levels in the body (hypercapnia)Cardiovascular disorders:Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmias) Brain injury due to high blood
 life.After treatment, patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing. A small percentage of patients (5%) w

he blood. A current or past injury may have made the affected bone more likely to develop the infection. A bone infection can

ealth The type of infection Whether the infected prosthesis can be safely removed
in Limitation of motion Limping (if the tumor is in the leg) Pain when lifting (if the tumor is in the arm) Tenderness, swelling, or
ome bone diseases such as Paget disease of bone and multiple hereditary osteochondromas may be risk factors of osteosarcom

er pressure (also known as surfer's ear). Chemical irritants in cosmetic products, such as soaps or shampoos. Lack of earwax fro
malignant otitis externa, people with diabetes mellitus or undergoing chemotherapy due to weakened immune system. Elderly

onsiveness to quiet sounds or other signs of hearing difficulty such as sitting too close to the television or being inattentive Clu
ar infections include the following:Attending daycare (especially those with more than 6 children) Changes in altitude or climat
consistent exposure to air pollution, such as secondhand smoke.
elling around the ear, or twitching of the face musclesFor a child younger than 6 months, let the doctor know right away if the
nd the skull, respectively) can lead to poor prognosis without treatment. Untreated otitis media may lead to permanent hearing

rosis is the most common cause of middle ear hearing loss in young adults. It typically begins in early to mid-adulthood. It is m

ng, which may cause dizziness. Avoid loud noises or sudden pressure changes, such as scuba diving, flying, or driving in the mou
on with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
wer risk of ovarian cancer than women who have no children. The risk gets even lower with each pregnancy. Personal history o

domen Pain during bowel movements Pain in the pelvis shortly before or after beginning a menstrual period Pain with intercou
rs after an egg has been released from a follicle. These often contain a small amount of blood.Ovarian cysts are somewhat com

look under a microscope The patient’s general health Ovarian germ cell tumors are usually cured if found and treated early
d urination Shortness of breath
hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). OHSS occurs only after the eggs are released from the ovary (ovulation).You may be more

alled the pancreatic duct is formed. Fluid and digestive chemicals (enzymes) produced by the pancreas normally flow through t

sure signs of pancreatic cancer. An infection or other problem could also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can diagnose the
atic cancer. A risk factor is anything that increases a person's chance of developing a disease.Studies have found the following r
the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. The doctor also checks for ascites, an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Lab tests -

s) Shortness of breath Sweating Trembling

ore common in women than men.

rder often lives in fear of another attack, and may be afraid to be alone or far from medical help.People with panic disorder hav
ur in the mid 30s. Although panic disorder may occur in children, it is often not diagnosed until they are older.

rged thymus gland, adenoids, and tonsils.

n and lump in breast. Vulvar papilloma may cause itching, lump or ulcer even infection in vulva.

t.Common symptoms include:Concern that other people have hidden motives Expectation that they will be exploited by others

people they believe are trying to harm them.Other symptoms include:Becoming socially isolated Feeling tense, suspicious, gua

yroid hormone causes more calcium to be taken from the bone and more calcium to be reabsorbed by the intestines and kidne

ansient, macular rash of rose-colored spots can occasionally be seen on the trunk. Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, re

the affected body part. Rigidity: Muscle stiffness often occurs in the limbs and neck. Later, the patient can not move an arm or

toxins. Imaging studies such as head CT (computerized axial tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and positron em
zures Single palmar crease Skeletal (limb) abnormalities Small eyes Small head (microcephaly) Small lower jaw (micrognathia) U

ns. You can get head lice if you:Come in close contact with a person who has lice Touch the clothing or bedding of someone wh
s medical problems. Unlike body lice, head lice never carry or spread diseases.

elp prevent further spreading.

enstrual cramping Irregular menstrual bleeding or spotting Lack of appetite Nausea, with or without vomiting No menstruation
use most cases of PID. However, bacteria may also enter the body during some surgical or office procedures, such as:Childbirth

hen flying, scuba diving, or driving in the mountains Foreign objects in the ear Injury to the ear (such as a powerful slap or explo
es not come out Have any symptoms that last longer than 2 months after treatment

ults. This disorder is uncommon in childhood but increases during adolescence.Plaque and tartar build up at the base of the tee

eet and legs. You may lose feeling in your legs and arms. Because of this, you may not notice when you step on something shar
s rheumatoid arthritis or lupus Chronic kidney disease HIV Liver infections Low levels of vitamin B12 Metabolic disease Poisoni

e cause is treated. Long-term (chronic) pain can be a major problem for some patients. Numbness in the feet can lead to skin so
tongue or bleeding gums Nerve damage caused by vitamin B12 deficiency that has been present for a longer time may cause:C
tamin B12 bound to intrinsic factor is absorbed in the last part of the small intestine.When the stomach does not make enough

y're forced to inhale with a loud "whooping" sound. Pertussis is most severe for babies; more than half of infants less than 1 ye

ses today because there are both pertussis-only vaccines and combination vaccines for tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis. If you

life.After treatment, patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing. A small percentage of patients (5%) w

onorrhoeae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae.Most cases of pharyngitis occur during the colder months. The illness often spreads a

red object or animal may occur. For example, avoiding driving through tunnels, if tunnels are the subject of the phobia. This typ
for instance, dogs or snakes) Enclosed spaces Flying High places Insects or spiders Lightning
 heir mouth.

d earliest, symptom of Alzheimer's.People with Pick's disease tend to behave the wrong way in different social settings. The ch
ause of the abnormal form of the protein is unknown. Many different abnormal genes have been found that can cause Pick’s di

Sheehan syndrome, for example, the first symptom may be a failure to produce milk caused by a lack of the hormone prolactin

elop these symptoms and you have already been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor.

sometimes starts within several days after heavy vaginal bleeding. However, in some cases, bleeding may not occur until after
ar for the delivery.Sometimes, though, the placenta remains in the lower portion of the uterus, partly or completely covering th

g a mother who is having symptoms, and delivering by C-section.

placental separation before delivery, occurs in about 1 out of 150 deliveries. The severe form, which can cause the baby to die,
ne distention (may occur with multiple pregnancies or very large volume of amniotic fluid) Large number of past deliveries Olde
or contractions during your pregnancy.Placental abruption can quickly become an emergency condition that threatens the life o
about half of all cases.Infants who live have a 40-50% chance of complications, which range from mild to severe.
following symptoms:Bluish skin color (cyanosis)CoughingShortness of breathRapid breathing (tachypnea)

S Organ or bone marrow transplantPneumocystis jiroveci was a relatively rare infection before the AIDS epidemic. Before the us
S Organ or bone marrow transplant

deeply or cough Headache Excessive sweating and clammy skin Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue Confusion, especially i
eathe in (inhale) food, liquids, vomit, or secretions from the mouth into your lungs (aspiration pneumonia)Pneumonia caused b
serious illnesses, such as heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or diabetes mellitus Living in a nursing facility Impaired consciousness (l
chemotherapyInfants with pneumonia may not have a cough. Call your doctor if your infant makes grunting noises or the area
of the liverYour doctor may want to make sure your chest x-ray becomes normal again after you take a course of antibiotics. H
eep.Other symptoms that can occur with a collapsed lung include:Nasal flaring Low blood pressure (hypotension)
ertain activities may lead to a collapsed lung. These include scuba diving, smoking marijuana or cigarettes, high altitude hiking,

ms, or these may last 72 hours or less. Clinical poliomyelitis affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), and is div
h the blood and lymphatic system. The time from being infected with the virus to developing symptoms of disease (incubation)
and the 1950s, polio was a worldwide epidemic. Since the development of polio vaccines, the incidence of the disease has bee
 ifficulties). Disability is more common than death. Infection high in the spinal cord or in the brain increases the risk of breathin
r obesity, usually carrying extra weight around the waist Insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes High cholesterol Hypertension Ma
od into energy for the body to use or store. For many women with PCOS, their bodies have problems using insulin so that too m

cine metformin can prevent or reduce the chances of having these problems while pregnant.Women with PCOS have greater c
arly. Eating right, exercising, and not smoking also will help to reduce your chances of having other health problems.
her causes, such as poorly controlled diabetes, achondroplasia, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromePolyhydramnios may also be r

ell disease

ce of variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and renal insufficiency are associated with a particularly poor prognos
onal "numbing" or feeling as though you don't care about anything Feeling detached Being unable to remember important aspe
Veterans returning home from a war often have PTSD.The cause of PTSD is unknown. Psychological, genetic, physical, and soci
to control your behavior You have other very upsetting symptoms of PTSD You can also contact your doctor for help with prob

ost or all activities Loss of concentration Loss of energy Problems doing tasks at home or work Negative feelings toward the bab
self Lack of sleep Worries about your ability as a motherFeelings of anxiety, irritation, tearfulness, and restlessness are commo
disorder before your pregnancy, or with a previous pregnancy Had a stressful event during the pregnancy or delivery, including
g yourself or your baby You develop thoughts that are not based in reality, or you start hearing or seeing things that other peop

nt Very small hands and feet in comparison to bodyAffected children have an intense craving for food and will do almost anyth

go) Abnormal breathing patterns (shallow, irregular pauses in breathing called apnea) Enlarged clitoris (female infant) Problem
of all premature births.Health conditions and events in the mother may contribute to preterm labor. Examples are:Diabetes H
regnancy Premature rupture of the membranes (placenta previa)Other factors that make preterm labor and a premature deliv

ntal, or behavioral problems that continue into childhood or are permanent. The more premature an infant and the smaller the
tigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite and weight loss. Heart diseases, such as palpitation and chest pain.Other health proble
oxins, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, cigarette smoke, chemicals, pesticides and viruses may damage the genetic ma

nose PMDD, including one mood-related symptom:Disinterest in daily activities and relationships Fatigue or low energy Feeling
rs that may play a role include:Alcohol abuse Being overweight Drinking large amounts of caffeine Having a mother with a histo

of symptoms you have, how severe they are, and how long they last. You should keep this symptom diary for at least 3 months
ring their childbearing years.It occurs more often in women:Between their late 20s and early 40s Who have at least one child W

health care provider if you are currently pregnant and have been exposed to a sexually transmitted infection, chemicals, radiati
ith higher-pitched voices Ringing in the earsTalk to your health care provider if you have any of these symptoms. Symptoms of
ed hearing loss. Most commonly, it is caused by changes in the inner ear that occur as you grow older. Your genes and loud noi
on changes, or dizziness.

eople do not get infected by drinking contaminated water. The ameba migrates to the brain along the olfactory nerve, through
water-related activities that cause water to go up the nose. PAM also disproportionately affects males and children. The reason

h autoimmune disorders such as:Celiac disease Raynaud's phenomenon Sicca syndrome (dry eyes or mouth) Thyroid disease

se these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the pro
ncreases after an organ transplant or in people with HIV infection.There are many different types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (
as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and others have been linked with an increased rate of non-Hodgk

escape problems or feelings of sadness or anxiety Gambling larger amounts of money to try to make back previous losses Hav
erent condition.In people who develop pathological gambling, occasional gambling leads to a gambling habit. Stressful situatio

difference (apathy) Slowed thought processesPersonality changes Repeated falls Slow or stiff movements Speech difficultiesLo
tal lobes of the brain are also affected, leading to personality changes.The cause of the damage to the brain cells is unknown. T

on (much less common)Other health problems such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may also cause these symptoms. Only

workers Painters Men who have been exposed to cadmium The lowest number of cases occurs in Japanese men living in Japan

starting to urinate or emptying the bladder Foul-smelling urine Weak urine streamOther symptoms that may occur with this co
l sex without wearing a condom Having many sexual partnersIn men over age 35, E. coli and other common bacteria usually ca
who have an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia) are at increased risk for prostatitis. The prostate gland may beco

n Depression, or mood swings, anxiety Fatigue Trouble sleeping

derately increased in the 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) level. Blood level of cortisol: Patients with pseudo-Cushing's syndr

pe 2, patients with type 1a may have the following symptoms:Short stature: Round face, short neck, and short hand bones Calc
ood calcium levels and high blood phosphate levels.Pseudohypoparathyroidism is caused by abnormal genes. All forms of pseu

s.Pseudomembranous colitis is rare in infants younger than 12 months old and uncommon in children. It is most often seen in p
ht that is inappropriate for the height Immature bone age, an adult height around 4 feet (about 122 centimeters)
g in dyspepsia of nutrients and further affecting growth and development.

tions that affect the brain Some prescription drugs, such as steroids and stimulants Some types of epilepsy StrokePsychosis is a

re vomiting occurs Vomiting Persistant vomiting after every feeding Projectile vomiting

Other tests that may be done include:Blood chemistry panel: often reveals an electrolyte imbalance Barium x-ray: reveals a swo

ptoms usually develop 2 to 3 weeks after coming in contact with the bacteria. This is called the incubation period. Most people

back, and other areas Loss of control on bladder and bowel control Difficult in breathing, or unable to breathe without help.

gue symptoms, to a neurologic phase, characterized by anxiety, paresis, paralysis, and other signs of encephalitis; spasms of sw

ude:Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Stomach cramping or painMost of the time, these symptoms get better within 2 - 3 w

n is usually a rat. Other animals that may cause infection include squirrels, weasels, and gerbils.

ge in caregivers (for example, in orphanages or foster care) is another cause of reactive attachment disorder.Children who are a

TBRF are Borrelia duttoni, Borrelia hermsii, and Borrelia parkerii. Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is transmitted by body lice
ible that the risk now extends into the southeastern United States.LBRF is mainly a disease of the developing world. It is curren
lems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell his/her
increases the risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.Obesity: Clinical surveys demonstrate that renal cell carcinoma has a clos

d by a related condition called posterior vitreous detachment.The risk factors are previous eye surgery, nearsightedness, a fam
ve had cataract surgery Have other eye diseases or disorders, such as retinoschisis, uveitis, degenerative myopia, or lattice deg
wn for up to several months following surgery. Even under the best of circumstances, and even after multiple attempts at repa

tissue in the pelvis (pelvic adhesions) can also hold the uterus in a retroverted position. Such scarring may result from:Endomet

arms and legs: frequently the first sign Intellectual disabilities and learning difficulties (assessing cognitive skills in those with Re
me is normal enough for the child to survive.Males born with this defective gene do not have a second X chromosome to make

without using their hands.Similarly, some children walk independently within the normal age range, while others are delayed, d

the developing baby and destroy the baby's circulating red blood cells.When red blood cells are broken down, they make biliru

gic rhinitis. The exact cause of some of the types is not known. The symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis can be triggered by the foll
ave a higher risk of getting the rhinitis caused by infections.

al congestion and discharge Sore throat and postnasal dripSymptoms of chronic sinusitis are the same as those of acute sinusiti
n grow more easily.Rhinosinusitis can occur from one of these conditions:Small hairs (cilia) in the sinuses, which help move mu
system from HIV or chemotherapy
e need for antibiotics.

t or pain.Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a paediatrician can tell for sure. A person with any of the

mixture of both.ChildhoodUltrasonography: This is an painless test which uses sound waves to create a picture of the internal

treatment in most cases. However, in some cases, particularly in the very young and in the elderly patients, the associated deh
including birds.Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces. Contaminated f

eated promptly with antibiotics. The elderly, infants, and those with impaired immune systems are more likely to have a severe
eated promptly with antibiotics.Persons with diarrhea usually recover completely, although it may be several months before th
de abdominal pain and diarrhea (which may be bloody). Urinary symptoms may include frequent urination, painful urination (d
e adult worm then migrates to its preferred body part, depending on its species. These areas include the bladder, rectum, inte

improvement.The symptoms of schizoaffective disorder can include:Changes in appetite and energy Disorganized speech that
than men. Schizoaffective disorder tends to be rare in children.
eeling no need for sleep) Strange or unusual thoughts or perceptions Symptoms that get worse or do not improve with treatme

sistant) schizophrenia.

may have the following symptoms:Irritability Difficulty sleeping Difficulty concentratingAs the illness continues, problems with
men and women equally. It usually begins in the teen years or young adulthood, but may begin later in life. It tends to begin lat

port programs. People with the most severe forms of this disorder may not be able to live alone. Group homes or other long-te
nd have unusual beliefs (such as aliens). They cling to these beliefs so strongly that it prevents them from having relationships.
ot hallucinate.Hallucinations, delusions (fixed, false beliefs), and loss of touch with reality are hallmarks of psychosis. People w

ditary.Bilateral vestibular schwannoma s affect both hearing nerve s and are usually associated with a genetic disorder called ne
izziness Headacheo Upon waking up in the morning o Wakes you from sleep o Worse when lying down o Worse when standing
wth of Schwann cells. When this gene malfunctions, Schwann cell growth is uncontrolled, resulting in a tumor. Scientists also th

y to concentrate in the afternoon Loss of interest in work or other activities Slow, sluggish, lethargic movement Social withdraw
include:Amount of light Body temperature Genes Hormones

hormone causes more calcium to be taken from the bone and more calcium to be reabsorbed by the intestines and kidney.Me

nable fear, panic, joy, or laughter Change in sensation of the skin, usually spreading over the arm, leg, or trunk Vision changes, i
tion (AVM) is a treatable medical condition that can cause seizures, headaches, and brain hemorrhages. An MRI can quickly con

d children have a family history of selective mutism, extreme shyness, or anxiety disorders, which may increase their risk for sim

amiliar with the home environment, and feels comfortable when parents or other known caretakers are present. After this time

ver or low body temperature (hypothermia) Hyperventilation Lightheadedness due to low blood pressure Rapid heart beat Sha
n children, sepsis may accompany infection of the bone (osteomyelitis). In hospitalized patients, common sites of infection inclu
oint (pseudoparalysis) IrritabilitySymptoms in children and adults:Inability to move the limb with the infected joint (pseudopara
itis are caused by bacteria such as staphylococcus or streptococcus. Chronic septic arthritis (which is less common) is caused by
py or other surgerySeptic arthritis may be seen at any age. In children, it occurs most often in those younger than 3 years. The h

tum) Sore throat Runny nose Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea

up to 3 hours after the droplets have dried.While droplet transmission through close contact was responsible for most of the e

health policies are proving to be effective in controlling outbreaks. Many nations have stopped the epidemic within their own
ell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as

increase the risk of getting ovarian cancer. Age: Clinical data suggest that age also plays a role in the development of some sub

e hormones can lead to a variety of symptoms.Conditions that increase the risk of bleeding during childbirth and Sheehan's syn

developing countries.People infected with the bacteria release it into their stool. The bacteria can spread from an infected per

ek over the jaw in front of the ears. Two submandibular glands are at the back of the mouth on both sides of the jaw. Two subl

ear. The crises can be severe enough to require a hospital stay.Common symptoms include:Attacks of abdominal pain Bone pai
ells deliver less oxygen to the body's tissues. They can also get stuck more easily in small blood vessels, and break into pieces th

vere, long-term, frequent episodes with many complications.

me Nutritional deficiencies (copper, vitamin B6) Lead poisoning Zinc overdose Alcohol Drugs (anti-tuberculous agents, antibiotic

20 years) to low amounts of silica dust. Swellings caused by the silica dust form in the lungs and chest lymph nodes. This disea
D STAYING ASLEEP:Insomnia includes any combination of difficulty with falling asleep, staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness

dults include:Alzheimer's disease Chronic disease, such as congestive heart failure Depression (depression is a common cause o

ple with isolated sleep paralysis do not have any mental health problems. However, these episodes seem to occur more often i
se overcomes the host's defenses and can cause more extensive damage, broadening symptoms to include anemia, endocrine,
s. When it reaches the brain, behavioral changes such as fear and mood swings occur, followed by a headache, fever, and weak

e chest. Although the cancer cells are small, they grow very quickly and create large tumors. These tumors often spread rapidly

her health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms sho
t. Although the cancer cells are small, they grow very quickly and create large tumors. These tumors often spread rapidly (meta
reases the risk of small cell carcinoma of the lung.Asbestos: Epidemiological survey suggests people who work with asbestos h

oss: This is because of the consumption of the cancer. Weakness and fatigue: The reason is also because the cancer wastes your
mes higher than normal to develope cancer. Celiac disease: This can also known as celiac sprue and gluten-sensitive enteropath
ure, the patient is not detected with an actual endoscope but with a capsule (about the size of a large vitamin pill) which conta
all intestine canal. This is the results of cancer development. A surgery will be done urgently.

eres with work, school, and other ordinary activities, and can make it hard to make and keep friends.Although many people wi
ence, because they may come to rely on drinks or drugs to relax in social situations.

sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early a
ation.Damaged lymph system: Clinical observations demonstrate lymphangiosarcoma is a very rare complication of chronic lym
e sarcoma. It can confirm the location of the cancer and show the organs nearby. These are helpful for determining the stage o

use are more likely to have this disorder. However, not every person with somatoform pain disorder has a history of abuse.As re

l feet or legs, such as clubfoot Build up of fluid inside the skull (hydrocephalus) Hair at the back part of the pelvis called the sac
be defect in which the bones of the spine do not completely form, resulting in an incomplete spinal canal. This causes the spina
uch as scoliosis, foot or ankle deformities, dislocated hips, and joint tightness or contractures.Many patients with myelomening

the leg, hip, or buttocks and numbness in other parts. You may also feel the sensations on the back of the calf or sole of the fo
separated by discs filled with a soft, gelatinous substance. These discs cushion the spinal column and space between your vert
ht. Excess body weight causes extra stress on the discs in your lower back. Height. Being tall increases your risk of disc herniati

void recurrent back injury.

idney failure.

gns and symptoms intensify over a period of several days to a week. Some patients spontaneously recover after this period; ot

istent. Loss of appetite - Some patients endure a loss of appetite without any inducement. Nausea and vomiting - This is also be
erts think the decrease may be because people are eating less salted, cured, and smoked foods.Studies have found a number o
ting the gastric wall. Surgical intervention needs to be done urgently. Vomiting a lot of blood- This is the result of the cancer in

ppetite, abnormal taste Swollen lymph nodes in the neck Trouble swallowing Scarlet fever-like rash. This occurs in only some s
ood hand washing, especially if preparing food for others. One should also get a toothbrush, and start using it after no longer b
n Headache Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or
eathe in (inhale) food, liquids, vomit, or fluids from the mouth into your lungs (aspiration pneumonia).Pneumonia caused by ba
st) Impaired consciousness (loss of brain function due to dementia, stroke, or other neurologic conditions) Living in a nursing fa

f the liverYour doctor may want to make sure your chest x-ray becomes normal again after you take a course of antibiotics. How
Alzheimer's disease Head trauma Seizure StrokeInjury or accidents, such as:Diving accidents and near drowning Heat stroke Ver

:Feeling frustrated when trying to communicate Pausing or hesitating when starting or during sentences, phrases, or words, oft
ends to run in families. Genes that cause stuttering have been identified.There is also evidence that stuttering may be a result o

sidered a rare disease.Fewer than 10 cases per year are reported in the United States, a dramatic decrease that followed the na

y Increased head circumference Increased sleepiness or lethargy Irritability Persistent vomiting Separated sutures (the areas wh
matomas can also occur after a very minor head injury, especially in the elderly. These may go unnoticed for many days to week
 cases, with symptoms often going away after the blood collection is drained. A period of rehabilitation is sometimes needed to
For example, an outbreak of apparent swine flu infection in pigs in Wisconsin in 1988 resulted in multiple human infections, and

ccur in the same way as seasonal flu occurs in people, which is mainly person-to-person transmission through coughing or snee
tors tested had antibody evidence of swine flu infection but no serious illnesses were detected among this group. Additional st
ecimen to CDC for laboratory testing.
me, CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenz
outside the basic training group. The virus is thought to have circulated for a month and disappeared. The source of the virus, t

kin rash (the most common symptom), which often involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Sores called mucous p
s more common in urban areas, and the number of cases is rising fastest in men who have sex with men. Young adults ages 15 -

ly disabling, and it may lead to death.

e for years.Tapeworms have many segments. Each segment is able to produce eggs. Eggs are spread alone or in groups, and ca

re likely to be coerced into sex. Adolescents 18 - 19 years old are technically adults, and half of adolescent pregnancies occur in

y about 6 months after delivery.Teen mothers are more likely than older mothers to have a second child within 2 years of their
ble vision Reduced vision (blindness in one or both eyes) Weakness, excessive tiredness Weight loss (more than 5% of total bod
here in the body.The cause is unknown, but is believed to be partly due to a faulty immune response. The disorder has been as

or get worse with stress, fatigue, noise, or glare.There may be difficulty sleeping. Tension headaches usually do not cause naus
he.Rebound headaches are headaches that keep coming back. They may occur if you overuse painkillers.Tension headaches oc
atterns or pain change. Treatments that once worked are no longer helpful. You have side effects from medication, including ir

problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the
tiated carcinoma

e Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum Any enlargement of a testicle or change in the way it feels A feeling of heavi

s most common in white men, especially those of Scandinavian descent. The testicular cancer rate has more than doubled amo
. Generally, patients are checked frequently by their doctor and have regular blood tests to measure tumor marker levels. They

scles. Elevated temperature Sweating Elevated blood pressure Episodic rapid heart rate. Spasms may occur frequently and last
t for a C. tetani endospore to reside, and the nail affords a means to puncture skin and deliver endospore into the wound. An e
Shortness of breath Yellow skin (jaundice)Persons with the minor form of alpha and beta thalassemia have small red blood cell
ias occur most commonly in persons from southeast Asia, the Middle East, China, and in those of African descent.Beta thalasse

cer in the bone marrow, such as leukemia Cirrhosis (liver scarring) Folate deficiency Infections in the bone marrow (very rare) M

cial thrombophlebitis (affects veins near the skin surface)

adenoids, and tonsils.

ay be specific of one kind of tick:Rash Blisters Swelling at bite site Severe pain at bite site lasting for several weeks Weakness Di

e:Abnormal taste in the mouth Mouth sores Swallowing difficulty Tongue problems
use are associated with 70 - 80% of oral cancer cases. Smoke and heat from cigarettes, cigars, and pipes irritate the mucous m

25% of people with oral cancer die because of delayed diagnosis and treatment.

urrounding areas, causing inflammation of the pharynx. The pharynx is in the back of the throat, between the tonsils and the vo

m school or day care until they have been on antibiotics for 24 hours. This helps reduce the spread of illness.

ng position while growing in the womb, or if the muscles or blood supply to the fetus' neck are injured.

nstant movements and sounds that can't be controlled.Tics can include:Arm thrusting Eye blinking Jumping Kicking Repeated th
mine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) that help nerve cells talk to one another.Tourette syndrome can be either severe or mild
ic dilation. These conditions occur without infection or inflammation.

ms of the hand or bottom of the feet

nucleosis Muscle pain Sore throatSymptoms in immunosuppressed persons:Confusion Fever Headache Retinal inflammation th
cooked meat (lamb, pork, and beef)Toxoplasmosis also affects people who have weakened immune systems. The infection may

ing the arms Kicking Opening the mouth Raising the eyebrows Shrugging the shoulders Sticking out the tongueThe tics often lo

araparesis may progress to paraplegia (paralysis of the legs and lower part of the trunk) Urinary bladder and bowel dysfunction
chickenpox and rabies. Cases in which a cause cannot be identified are called idiopathic.Transverse myelitis often develops fol
of transverse myelitis are diagnosed each year in the United States, and approximately 33,000 Americans have some type of dis
y regain the ability to walk normally and experience minimal urinary or bowel effects and paresthesias. Another one-third show
oal diarrhea can persist for weeks to months without treatment.

e. Intermediate-risk countries include those in Eastern Europe, South Africa, and some of the Caribbean islands. High-risk areas

ect both men and women, but the symptoms differ between the two groups. The infection usually does not cause symptoms in
oniasis can make it feel unpleasant to have sex. Without treatment, the infection can last for months or even years.Women:Dis

lude: Cough Night sweats Coughing up blood Excessive sweating, particularly at night Fatigue Fever Unintentional weight loss S
anti- TB drugs. This resistance can occur due to misuse or mismanagement of the drugs: Patients do not complete their full reg
frequent contact with TB patients Have poor nutrition Live in a crowded place or with poor hygieneThe following factors may i

ty test and to monitor adherence to the treatment regimen to avoid new drug resistances and ensure a better prognosis.
al posture, with the head and neck arched backwards (opisthotonos)

ife-threatening illness
nstruation)Short heightVaginal dryness, can lead to painful intercourse
ome, cells are missing all or part of an X chromosome. The condition only occurs in females. Most commonly, the female patien

e unequal size of identical twins is referred to as discordant twins.

n may need a blood transfusion, while the recipient twin may need to have the amount of blood in his or her body reduced.

w people can become carriers of S. typhi and continue to release the bacteria in their stools for years, spreading the disease. Typ

hills Cough Delirium High fever (104 degrees Fahrenheit) Joint pain (arthralgia) Lights that appear very bright; light may hurt th
mic typhus is sometimes called "jail fever." Murine typhus occurs in the southeastern and southern United States, often during t

al insufficiency Pneumonia Central nervous system damage

ommon cause of bleeding is liver disease from chronic alcohol use. Sometimes the esophagus bleeds because it is torn after fo

ness, difficulty waking up Nausea, vomiting

can remove in the urine. If this process is disturbed, ammonia levels begin to rise.Several inherited conditions can cause proble
ene until their child gets the disorder.

et or having stress-induced symptoms can lead to brain swelling and brain damage.Major stresses, such as surgery or accidents
of urine. Frequent urination, especially at night. Incontinence. Discharge from the urethra. Bleeding from the urethra or blood i
g conditions that cause chronic inflammation in the urethra, including: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human p
ulous) urethra is better than for tumors of the proximal (bulbomembranous) and prostatic urethra, which tend to present at mo
your kidneys, symptoms may include:Chills and shaking or night sweats Fatigue and a general ill feeling Fever above 101 degre
re often because their urethra is shorter and closer to the anus than in men. Because of this, women are more likely to get an i
dividuals with decreased immune capacity are also at risk.

n with any of these symptoms should tell their doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
: Clinical data shows the use of estrogen without progesterone can lead to endometrial cancer.Birth control pills: Clinical obser

s about 92%. The 5-year survival rate for endometrial cancer that has not spread is 95%. If the cancer has spread to distant orga
re in lower abdomen Pain during intercourse
ne through menopause. They are more common in African Americans than Caucasians.The cause of uterine fibroid tumors is un

veitis Floaters Blurry vision Vision loss

th any of the following:AIDS Ankylosing spondylitis Behcet syndrome CMV retinitis Herpes zoster infection Histoplasmosis Injur

t attacks of anterior uveitis go away in a few days to weeks. However, relapses are common.Inflammation related to posterior u
A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as pos
er: Surveies show having cervical cancer increases the risk of vaginal squamous cell cancer. This is most likely because cervical a

s some drugs could cause birth defects.Radiotherapy for vaginal cancer can cause an early menopause as well as scarring, dryne

th varying degrees of vaginismus often develop anxiety regarding sexual intercourse. The condition causes penetration to be d

e this condition. Candida albicans, which causes yeast infections, is one of the most common causes of vulvovaginitis in women
e this condition.

surgery Have catheters to drain urine or intravenous (IV) catheters that stay in for a long time

o infect adults exposed to children with the virus. Outbreaks may also occur in nursing homes. These viruses are often found in

n an infant's head (fontanelle)

nal failure (HFRS) Ecchymoses (CCHF) Hearing loss Anasarca Shock in newborns (Lassa fever), and spontaneous abortion (Lassa
es, such as dengue, yellow fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest disease, and Alkhurma virusesThese families of vir
hurma viruses) Bushmeat - likely via slaughter or consumption of infected animals (Ebola, Marburg viruses) Rodent - (arenavirus

septic meningitis cases are caused by coxsackie virus or echovirus, two members of the enterovirus family. The rate of enterovi

ase male hormones)

len, red tongue or bleeding gumsSymptoms from nerve damage caused by vitamin B12 deficiency that has been present for a l
mbination of vitamin B12 attached to intrinsic factor is absorbed in the last part of the small intestine.A lack of vitamin B12 in t

g may occur after surgery or when you have a tooth pulled. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibupro

ease is passed down through families. Therefore, genetic counseling may help prospective parents understand the risk to their
ll the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
amage the body's immune system and make women more susceptible to persistent HPV infections. Vulvar intraepithelial neopl

s some drugs could cause birth defects.Radiotherapy for vulvar cancer can cause an early menopause as well as scarring, dryne
an tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated
) Seeing or hearing things that aren't really there (hallucinations)Note: There may also be symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.
orsakoff syndrome, or Korsakoff psychosis, tends to develop as Wernicke's symptoms go away. Wernicke's encephalopathy cau

orders related to alcohol abuse may also occur.

a person is bitten by an infected mosquito and last for 3 to 6 days. Symptoms of the more severe illness the West Nile virus incl
d bird and then bites a person.Mosquitoes carry the highest amounts of virus in the early fall, which is why the rate of the disea

elop a serious illness, even if they are bitten by an infected mosquito.

orld, especially in countries with warm, humid climates. Some outbreaks have been traced to contaminated vegetables (believe

urning sensation Pain

h mononeuropathy, usually the nerve damage is caused locally. However, body-wide disorders may damage just one nerve.Cau

treatment options.
cratches or spreads the bacteria from the mother yaw to uninfected skin. Eventually the skin sores heal. Other symptoms includ

briefly (remission). Period of remission: After 3 - 4 days, fever and other symptoms go away. Most people will recover at this sta

nclude:Abdominal pain Vomiting bloodSymptoms of kidney (renal) zygomycosis include:Fever Flank (side) painSymptoms of sk
as a sinus infection May progress to involve inflammation of cranial nerves May cause blood clots that block vessels to the brain

ph nodes to help fight infection.Lymphadenitis occurs when the glands become enlarged by swelling (inflammation), usually in

ecially on the face), pubic hair, acne, deepening of voice, and enlarged clitoris (girls)Symptoms that suggest increased aldoster
estosterone, as well as other hormones. In women, the tumor often releases these hormones, which can lead to male characte

toms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

rhea Dehydration Hypotension Loss of consciousness

mit the seriousness of weight loss Have not had a period for three or more cycles (in women)People with anorexia may severely
is more common in females, but may also be seen in males. The disorder is seen mainly in white women who are high academ

tely. However, most people with anorexia will continue to prefer a lower body weight and be very focused on food and calorie
on, or eating or drinking things such as blue cheeses, chocolate, or red wine.
use the blood vessels to open (dilate). More carcinoid tumors are being diagnosed today than in the past.

he same time. The outlook is more favorable thanks to new treatment methods, such as Sandostatin.Increased risk of falls and

onal deficiencies, especially niacin, thiamine, vitamin C, or vitamin B12 Seizures Sudden drop in body temperature (hypotherm

you have been experiencing confusion, call for an appointment with your doctor.

than boys.

Swelling around the eyes in the mornings; general body swelling may occur with late-stage disease Unintentional weight gain (f
thousands of filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron has a cluster of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus. Together the

levels of creatinine in the blood begin to rise. Complications due to chronic kidney failure are more likely to occur earlier, and g
y seeing at nighttimePrimary detachment of retina can present with similar symptoms.

s. You have pain in one of your eyes. You are having headaches. You see spots floating in your eyes. You cannot see things on th

yes (jaundice) Vomiting

Deficiency of galactose kinase Deficiency of galactose-6-phosphate epimerasePeople with galactosemia are unable to fully brea

Weight loss in spite of increased appetite

ave had an unexplained miscarriage or stillbirth Were overweight before your pregnancy

ur baby is more likely to have periods of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) during the first few days of life.Mothers with gestatio

rry the defective gene related to this condition, each of their children has a 25% chance of developing the disease.

eloping the disease.

ve gene related to this condition, each of their children has a 25% chance of developing the disease.
 ss when the arms are raised above the head.
groups of people who live in areas with iodine-poor soil. These regions are usually away from the sea coast. People in these co

d hyperthyroidism.

s in men.Infancy Puberty Aging Chronic liver disease Exposure to anabolic steroid hormones Exposure to estrogen (female horm

experts believe that it may be the cause of hypertension in some patients. Most cases of primary hyperaldosteronism are caus

nning hair and hair loss)

men. Also, tumors in the adrenal glands can cause overproduction of androgens and lead to male body characteristics in women
mptoms caused by increased androgen levels:Careful monitoring Dietary changes Medications Regular vigorous exercise

e excess release of potassium from the cells into the bloodstream.The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the bod
ons) Gastrointestinal bleeding Rhabdomyolysis from drugs, alcoholism, coma, or certain infections Surgery Traumatic injury Tu

ntation such as low blood pressure, shock, unconsciousness.

w, less frequent periods) in womenOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A pe

ng Fainting Hallucinations Memory loss Muscle pain Paleness Pounding heartbeat (heartbeat sensations) Sleeping difficulty
rsons with diabetes. It occurs whenYou take too much insulin or diabetes medicine You don't eat enough food You suddenly in

essive urination (polyuria), such as in uncontrolled diabetes and during recovery from acute kidney failure Sweating

ir in men Cessation of menstrual periods and infertility in women Decreased sexual interest in both men and womenOther hea

t can occur due to inadequate fluids include:Fatigue, lethargy Headache Irritability Low body temperature Muscle pains Rapid h
y of very dilute urine. This makes you produce large amounts of urine.
cquired form of this condition include:Blockage in the urinary tract High calcium levels Low potassium levels Use of certain drug

g heartbeatIf your blood sugar gets too low, you may faint, have a seizure, or even go into a coma.Gastrinomas make the horm
lease only one hormone that leads to specific symptoms. Pancreatic islet cell tumors can be noncancerous (benign) or cancerou

"dowager's hump"
uch old bone is reabsorbed by the body or both.Calcium and phosphate are two minerals that are essential for normal bone for
cancer Low body weight Smoking Too little calcium in the diet

rsing homes. Although osteoporosis is debilitating, it does not affect life expectancy.
ncy, length, and severity as the tumor grows.
common from early to mid-adulthood.

ng Problems with the sense of smell Visual changes Double vision Drooping eyelids Visual field deficitRarely, these symptoms m

t growth Voice deepening

ects TumorsIn many cases, the cause of primary amenorrhea is not known.Conditions associated with primary amenorrhea incl
ans (missing uterus or vagina, vaginal septum, cervical stenosis, or imperforate hymen) can lead to primary amenorrhea.

ism Imperforate hymen or vaginal septum Malnutrition Normal delay of onset (up to age 14 or 15) Obesity Overactive thyroidP
n changesOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these sym
ssed from parents to offspring. The majority of moderately raised prolactin levels (up to 5000mIU/L) are not due to microprola
about five times more common in women than men, but are rare in children. At least half of all prolactinomas are very small (

w, less frequent periods) in womenOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A pe

and acne Vaginal dryness Voice changesIf amenorrhea is caused by a pituitary tumor, there may be other symptoms related to
y to have amenorrhea if you:Are obese Exercise excessively and for long periods of time Have less than 15% - 17% body fat Ha

ems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the docto
, lymphoma (s) in any location, head and neck cancers, sarcoma, and myriad of other cancers can cause SIADH. Other causes of
pancreas cancer, thymoma, ovarian cancer, lymphoma, laryngeal cancer, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostate
tidiuretic hormone may be a clinical condition of diseases, such as cancers, drugs, and pulmonary diseases. When you have the
or those SIADH with cancers, the outcomes may be poor.
and drugs used to treat bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and depression.Hormone changes can also cause unintentional weight

Does the weight gain cause you much concern? Has your participation in social activities decreased? Has your physical activity b
ondition caused by an allergy to a component of food called gluten. Dumping syndrome, which is a syndrome causing gastrointe

cation of abdominal pain or masses include:Epigastric -- center of the abdomen just below the rib cage Periumbilical -- area aro
er quadrant (occasionally). Colon cancer and Volvulus can cause a mass at any location in the abdomen. Crohn's disease or bow

e other hand, life-threatening conditions such as colon cancer or early appendicitis may only cause mild pain or no pain.Other w
me Stomach fluOther possible causes include:Abdominal aortic aneurysm Appendicitis Bowel blockage or obstruction Cancer o
domen Have chest, neck, or shoulder pain Have difficulty breathing Have pain in, or between, your shoulder blades with nausea

astric area Itching Nausea and vomiting JaundiceOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell

or water can cause diarrhea. Common culprits include Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Viral i
ompanying loss of salts.
f these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

where you might catch a worm or parasite infection.

mon causes of cirrhosis.People with colon cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, pancreatic cancer, and liver cancer may

fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin B12 deficiency may occur because the extra bacteria that develop in this situation use up all of th

Widened, overgrown veins (called varices) in the esophagus and stomach The lower part of the GI tract will usually cause maro
s are constipation and milk allergies. However, it is still worth reporting to your doctor, even if no evaluation is needed.
meal Fever Loss of appetite Jaundice (yellowing of skin and whites of eyes) Nausea Vomiting

onal weight lossThe symptoms may become more frequent as the condition gets worse. The symptoms may mimic pancreatic c
not be determined, however. Genetic causes have become more common. Other conditions have also been linked to chronic p

tine. They are also called adenomas and are most often one of the following:Tubular polyp, which protrudes out in the lumen (o

w abdominal organs in chest cavity.

s been absorbed.Constipation occurs when the colon absorbs too much water or if the colon’s muscle contractions are slow or
following childbirth or surgery.
d symptoms, a medical history and physical exam may be all that is needed for diagnosis and treatment. Medical HistoryThe do
laxatives for several weeks or self care is not workingCall if:An infant younger than 2 months is constipated An infant (except th
can not fully absorb fats and proteins. Stomach pain and discomfort (because of too much gas or severe constipation) Poor wei
y of cystic fibrosis.

or water can cause diarrhea. Common culprits include Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Viral i
ompanying loss of salts.
urning, gurgling, or aching feeling at the bulge

d anus are part of the gastrointestinal tract, which is the passage that food goes through. Rectal bleeding is usually painless, bu
ools are hard and difficult to pass. Constipation causes your muscles to strain when you pass stool. Straining may cause divertic

n which the colon ruptures causing stool to empty from the colon into the abdomen

the pancreas (pancreatitis) Ulcers (stomach or intestinal ulcer) Use of certain drugs such as antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroida
en, severe abdominal pain You have trouble swallowing You have yellow coloring of the skin and eyes (jaundice) You vomit blo
t begin or get worse after eating certain foods? Have you been overeating? Have you changed medications recently? Have you
types of foods or liquids. Difficulty eating very hot or cold foods, dry crackers or bread, meat, or chicken may be an early sign o
y multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or stroke Nerve damage may be due to spinal cord injuries, amyotrophic lateral sclero
g or after eating or drinking
will also have other problems, such as heart or other digestive tract disorders.Other types of esophageal atresia involve narrow

nt acid reflux make it more likely that you will develop esophageal stricture

tend to occur more often in women than in men.

otice one or more symptoms as the following:Jaundice: Is a yellowing of the sclera and skin. Normally, bilirubin is made in the
tates, but only a small proportion of people develop gallbladder cancer.Gallbladder polyps: Gallbladder polyp is caused by sma

eneral health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurredPatients diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer should a
otice one or more symptoms as the following:Jaundice: Is a yellowing of the sclera and skin. Normally, bilirubin is made in the
tates, but only a small proportion of people develop gallbladder cancer.Gallbladder polyps: Gallbladder polyp is caused by sma

eneral health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurredPatients diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer should a

e infections Having certain diseases, such as pernicious anemia, autoimmune disorders, and chronic bile reflux
minal pain Pale complexion

ouble swallowing.
uscle wall that separates the stomach from the chest. Normally, the diaphragm helps the LES keep acid from rising up into the
ics (e.g. for seasickness) Beta blockers for high blood pressure or heart disease Bronchodilators for asthma Calcium channel blo
ing (odynophagia) Weight loss

GI tract can be dangerous. However, even very small amounts of bleeding that occur over a long period of time can lead to pro
e causes of GI bleeding include:Abnormal blood vessels in the lining of the intestines (also called angiodysplasias) Bleeding dive

is done for another reason, such as an x-ray or surgery. Some of these small tumors will not grow and cause signs or symptoms
ell multiplication and mutations in them can lead to excessive and uncontrolled cell multiplication leading to tumor formation.
STs can be found in several members of the same family.
gently. Vomiting a lot of blood- This is the result of the cancer invading the vessels of the gastric wall. An abundant amount of

tite Gastroesophageal reflux Spasms in the stomach areaEating solid foods, high-fiber foods such as raw fruits and vegetables, f
:Surgery on the stomach or vagus nerve Viral infections Anorexia nervosa or bulimia Medications(anticholinergics and narcotics

sses a long, thin tube called an endoscope through your mouth and gently guides it down the throat, also called the esophagus
e symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

ough, contents from the stomach can back up (reflux) into the esophagus. This partly digested material can irritate the esopha
line (for asthma or other lung diseases) Tricyclic antidepressantsIf you think one of your medicines may be causing heartburn,
y with a few weeks of self-care You lose weight that you didn't want to lose You have trouble swallowing (food feels stuck as it g
ur heartburn, such as:When did it begin? How long does each episode last? Is this the first time you have had heartburn? What
ed and treated as early as possible.Diseases with similar symptoms include:Hemoptysis
Hepatocellular carcinoma

throat from violent coughing (small amounts of blood) Pneumonia or other lung infections Pulmonary edema Systemic lupus er

elatively mild pain or no pain at all that is present with this life-threatening condition. With the development of cancer, abdom
Mellitus Aflatoxins Anabolic steroids Arsenic Vinyl chloride and thorium dioxide Obesity
red carcinoma. This is the result of cancer developing very fast. Sometimes if the carcinoma invades the main vessel it results in

iary cirrhosis Reye syndrome Sarcoidosis Sclerosing cholangitis Steatosis (fat in the liver from metabolic problems such as diabe

y include the following:Pre-renal failure: Pre-renal failure usually responds to treatment with intravenous fluids, resulting in re

intestinal bleeding Infection Recent abdominal paracentesis

ols, or blood in the stoolWeakness and fatigueOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell fo
ative colitis and Crohn's disease: Clinical surveys has show the close relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and colo
tion caused by lumps. This is the results of lumps growth on rectum wall. A surgery will be done urgently.Defecation with a lot

e doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

CT scan and MRI, may show severe scarring of the pancreas.

for each person is specific to their circumstances. Throat cancers may be cured in most patients if they are detected early. If th

RI may be recommended to diagnose children with any form of anorectal malformation.

ain, nausea, vomiting, inability to have a bowel movement, and a bulge that remains even when lying down.

ontents and extent of the hernia.

the pancreas (pancreatitis) Ulcers (stomach or intestinal ulcer) Use of certain drugs such as antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroida
eeling of impending doom. These are possible heart attack symptoms.Call your health care provider if:Indigestion symptoms ch
overeating? Have you changed your diet? Have you had any spicy, high-fiber, or fatty foods? Do you drink a lot of caffeinated b
urning, gurgling, or aching feeling at the bulgeEpididymitis (patient information) can also present with similar symptoms.
njury to internal organs.
ment, sometimes called a "currant jelly" stool Fever Shock (pale color, lethargy, sweating) Stool mixed with blood and mucus Vo
and the patient can have significant bleeding. If a hole occurs, infection, shock, and dehydration can take place very rapidly.Th

bdominal pain or tenderness that:Comes and goes Goes away after a bowel movement Occurs after mealsChronic and frequen
ho has IBS. It can be spasmodic or can even stop working temporarily. Spasms are sudden strong muscle contractions that come

merican adults have some degree of lactose intolerance by age 20.In white people, lactose intolerance often develops in childre
ent.Babies that are born prematurely are also more likely to be lactose intolerant, because lactase levels do not increase until th
h treatment. You develop new symptoms.

elatively mild pain or no pain at all that is present with this life-threatening condition. With the development of cancer, abdom
Mellitus Aflatoxins Anabolic steroids Arsenic Vinyl chloride and thorium dioxide Obesity
red carcinoma. This is the result of cancer developing very fast. Sometimes if the carcinoma invades the main vessel it results in

nsesophageal vagotomy Transgastric appendectomy Transgastric approach to the peritoneal cavity and abdominal exploratio
ne headaches Morning sickness during pregnancy Seasickness or motion sickness Severe pain, such as with kidney stonesNause
Not urinated for 8 or more hours. Severe stomach or belly pain. Vomited three or more times in 1 day.Signs of dehydration inc

liver. Immediately after birth, the baby's own liver begins to take over the job, but this can take time. Therefore, bilirubin levels
breast milk that slow the rate at which the liver breaks down bilirubin. Such jaundice appears in some healthy, breastfed babies
ndice is an emergency if the baby has a fever, has become listless, or is not feeding well. Jaundice may be dangerous in high-risk
atment is usually effective.

painful swallowing is an early sign of esophageal cancer. This is caused by tumors that develop in your esophagus. Esophageal c

mforts associated with swallowing. This can lead to other health concerns, such as anemia, dehydration, and malnutrition. If you

the abdomen, and in someone with chronic pancreatitis.

herwise healthy patients, which rises to about 40% in the elderly, and/or in those with significant underlying illness, as well as

has this type of PJS, you have a 50% chance of inheriting the gene and having the disease. Sporadic PJS is not passed down thro

aise) Indigestion Loss of appetite

developing PSC.

cer of the bile ducts (cholangiocarcinoma), and should be checked on a regular basis (usually each year) with liver scans and bl

s Unusual placement of arms and legs (decerebrate posture) -- the arms are extended straight and turned toward the body, th

ted States from 1981 through 1997 resulted in fatality.

te blood cells. A shortage of neutrophils, the most common type of white blood cell, causes a condition called neutropenia. Mo

RNA (a molecule that is a chemical cousin of DNA). This protein may also be involved in building ribosomes, which are cellular

clerosing cholangitisBlood diseases Hemoglobinopathies Hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency Idiopathic autoimmune hem

ms. Others suffer frequent fevers, bloody diarrhea, nausea, and severe abdominal cramps. Ulcerative colitis may also cause pro
emotional distress or sensitivity to certain foods or food products, but these factors may trigger symptoms in some people. Th
itis having a family member or relative with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. A higher incidence of ulcerative colitis is seen
ech impairment Tremors of the arms or hands Uncontrollable movement Unpredictable and jerky movement Vomiting blood W
e damage, death of the tissues, and scarring, which causes the affected organs to stop working correctly.This condition is most

and a wide groove above the upper lip, crease below the lower lip Other body features: belly button that sticks out, bulge in th
d individuals is unknown.
ered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. In females (who have two X chromosomes), a mutation w

h, particuarly the upper arms (termed rhizomelic shortening) Thighs of diminished length (termed rhizomelic shortening) The ra
be overly active, which interferes with skeletal development and leads to the disturbances in bone growth seen with this disor
ndroplasia. The risk of the child developing the diseases rises to 75% if both parents have achondroplasia.

rmal gene from both parents do not often live beyond a few months.
sA patient with ataxia may also experience other neurological symptoms such as dementia, seizures, or a wide array of other d
s Dentatorubro-palidoluysian atrophy Wilson's disease Vitamin E dificiencyOther causes of ataxia that are not inherited include

ad of pointed. Common physical signs include:Decreased muscle tone at birth Excess skin at the nape of the neck Flattened no
g another baby with the condition. Tests such as nuchal translucency ultrasound, amniocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling ca

ith learning difficulties (intellectual disabilities). Behavioral abnormalities includes stereotypic movements (e.g., hand- flapping
gene makes a protein you need for your brain to grow properly. A defect in this gene makes your body produce too little of the

ay have a large head circumference. Measurement of oversized testes in males who have reached puberty may also suggest th

ia. Type I affects both children and adults. It is most common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Type 2 disease usually begins
he child to develop the disease. A parent who silently carries an abnormal copy of the gene is called a carrier.

netic Counseling . Most enter the field from a variety of disciplines, including biology, genetics, nursing, psychology, public heal

mpared to the growth of the body? Location Does the head seem larger all over? Is the head growing more in a front-to-back p

symptoms will be milder with no vision loss and a normal life expectancy.
g movements of the arms or legs Mental retardation Seizures Skin rashes Tremors Unusual positioning of handsIf the condition
phenylalanine. The substance is found in foods that contain protein.Without the enzyme, levels of phenylalanine and two clos

middle age. It affects nearly 1 in 1,000 Americans. The actual number may be more, as some people do not have symptoms. The

splantation.
d, aged-looking skin, a loss of fat under the skin Hair loss Joint abnormalitiesAlso, they suffer from symptoms typically seen in m
ein makes the nucleus unstable.
 nd muscle weakness of the face Numbness Reduction in sensory or vibratory sensation Loss of consciousness

r time and will eventually become severe.Symptoms in an infant:Breathing difficulty Feeding difficulty Floppy infant (poor mus
ed Werdnig-Hoffman disease. Infants with SMA type II have less severe symptoms during early infancy, but they become progr

ction to loud noises. As the disease progresses, children with Tay-Sachs disease experience seizures, vision and hearing loss, int
tion. The genetic mutations that cause this disease are more common in people of Ashkenazi (eastern and central European) Je

nd the development of AD. People with MCI have mild problems with thinking and memory that do not interfere with everyday
f these factors in preventing or delaying Alzheimer’s differs from person to person. In a very small number of families, people d
mbination of genes for proteins that appear to be abnormal in Alzheimer's disease also increases your risk.Other risk factors th
aring for a person with this disorder and the condition deteriorates to the point where you can no longer care for the person in
mmobile and totally disabled. Death usually occurs from an infection or a failure of other body systems.
der for longevity was Jeanne Calment, a French woman who lived 122 years and died in 1997. There are reports of older people
Voices that sound mumbled or slurredOther symptoms include:Feeling of being off-balance or dizzy (more common with Menie
all bones (ossicles) that are right behind the eardrum Fluid that stays in the ear after an ear infection Foreign object that is stuc
upplied by the same nerve
unknown.Postherpetic neuralgia and trigeminal neuralgia are the two most common forms of neuralgia. A related but less com

uent in some patients as they get older.

um level Obstructive sleep apnea and other sleeping disorders

arm, or leg. It occurs when the person is awake and sitting or standing still, and subsides when the person moves the affected b

ng, may cause excruciating pain.

hlights abnormal areas. Sometime an iodine-based solution (Lugol's) similar to solutions used for cleaning skin may also be swa
our cervix during a pelvic exam. These may include:Any abnormal growth on the cervix, or elsewhere in the vagina Genital war
d or you are having abnormal bleeding, you should still keep your appointment.You may be able to take ibuprofen or acetamin
Heavy bleeding is unusual; if you have bleeding that soaks a pad in an hour, call your doctor. Do not use tampons or put anythi

eek.You should not douche, place tampons or creams into the vagina, or have sex for up to a week afterward. Ask your doctor

ds-their bodies stop making estrogen, so the muscles around the vagina and bladder may grow weak.A cystocele is mild-grade

d using a metal rod, and a curette (a metal loop on the end of a long, thin handle) is passed through the opening into the uteru
vice (IUD) Bleeding after menopause Endometrial polyps Thickening of the uterusThis list may not be all-inclusive.
the latex of a diaphragm or condom Sexual abuse or rape Urinary tract infections Use of certain medications Vaginal dryness V
friend to accompany you. Do NOT change, bathe, shower or even wash your hands before the ER evaluation. The temptation to
hold the uterus steady. A device called a cervical dilator may be needed to stretch the cervical canal if there is tightness (steno
used as part of the diagnosis in women who have been unable to become pregnant (see infertility).

toms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be d

ng discomfort in men.
he gonadoblastoma.

or feeling full quickly Pelvic or abdominal painOther symptoms are also seen with ovarian cancer. However, these symptoms a

history of breast or ovarian cancer have an increased risk for ovarian cancer.Women who take estrogen replacement only (not w

e ovary, the 5-year survival rate is very high

rassing.A common cause is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS and other hormonal conditions that cause

he second and third doses are given 2 and 6 months after the first dose.) One brand of vaccine can be substituted for another in

he second and third doses are given 2 and 6 months after the first dose.) One brand of vaccine can be substituted for another in

terus and cervix are removed. Radical hysterectomy: The uterus, upper part of the vagina, and tissue on both sides of the cervix
vic pain Severe endometriosis that does not get better with other treatments Severe, long-term vaginal bleeding that cannot b

of the ovaries can also lead to a decreased sex drive. Your doctor may recommend estrogen replacement therapy.
a young age Puberty in both girls and boysSoon after having a baby, a woman's breasts may become swollen with milk. This can

her's reproductive organs Problem with the body's immune response Serious body-wide (systemic) diseases in the mother (such

times in a row, your doctor may tell you that you only need a Pap smear every 3 years. If you or your sexual partner have other
accuracy of the Pap smear. If you are having abnormal bleeding, your doctor may still recommend you have the test done.Emp
progestins, may affect the result of your Pap smear.
ginal dischargeMany of the symptoms are worse when standing or sitting for long periods of time.

this is rare. Chronic constipation and the pushing associated with it can worsen uterine prolapse.

duct cysts develop in the space occupied by the Gartner's duct, usually on the side walls of the vagina. This duct is active durin

e low estrogen levels Bacterial vaginosis (BV): Bacteria that normally live in the vagina overgrow, causing a grey discharge and fi
so call if:A child who has not reached puberty has vaginal discharge. You think that your discharge may be related to a medicati

econd-level followed by fourth-level). A Table of Contents will automatically be added to an article that has four or more sectio

can send an email to willjgibson@gmail.com.Template:WH Template:WS

ans also can result from respiratory infections, a connective tissue disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis, a medication reaction,
ns based on the interpretation. This project is intended for interns, residents, attending physicians, hospitalists, specialists, nurs

textbook of a given topic. Categories are also used to list all the articles that need work for instance, like the addition of an ove
bered automatically! When you move the text, the reference moves with it! You can click on the reference and go directly to th
e than once, you will need to assign a name to the reference. You can do this by writing <ref name="anythingyouwanthere">...

ng position after physical activity to relieve breathlessness.Others have spells, in which their bodies are suddenly starved of oxy
eart. From there, it is pumped to the rest of the body.Heart defects that children are born with can change the way blood flow

r can rapidly determine the treatment goals of a specific medical condition and institute appropriate actions in a chronological

bered automatically! When you move the text, the reference moves with it! You can click on the reference and go directly to th
e than once, you will need to assign a name to the reference. You can do this by writing <ref name="anythingyouwanthere">...

ge for the disease and then re-organize the old contents into a microchaptered page. Only microchapter the page if it is over on
the text in the edit box. Type into the main wikidoc search box "Template:Jaundice" (without the quotation marks). Click on wh
n this Wiki". You would then type in the edit box {{Jaundice}}. Click save at the bottom of the edit box, and the main page shoul
link on the home page. To create a new microchapter page, click on the appropriate section within the microchapter navigatio

osition Research Fellow Professional Background Education Medical Degree (MD) from King Edward Medical University, Lahore,
target page), enter the following redirecting command at the top of redirecting page.For example, to redirect the MI page (red

of the wiki page. Once your edit is saved, the category will exist and add the page to it.Please use one of the following approve

create sections.)In general,creates the'Return to top' link.For example, on this page:creates: Return to top

ccess it here: Special:Mypage/monobook.jsTemplate:WikiDoc Sources

ewhat clumsy. Also, if you use computers at different locations (home, office, internet cafe, etc.) you have a different IP-addre

right is a patient with HCM in which there is even more signficant periarteriolar thickening and fibrosis. This thickening of the w

pages. The template is surrounded by brackets and looks like this:{{Pericarditis}}The next line of code indicates that the physic

th: Dry mouth Difficulty in swallowing Hoarseness Dyspnea Difficulty in chewing When the tumor arises from the lacrimal gland

ent, attending physician, hospitalist, specialist, medical faculty, researcher, nurse, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, and al

on is shown below:If a spelling mistake occurs in a title such as STElevation Myocardial Infarction, it is not possible for a regular
bered automatically! When you move the text, the reference moves with it! You can click on the reference and go directly to th
e than once, you will need to assign a name to the reference. You can do this by writing <ref name="anythingyouwanthere">...

displayed at a size of 2 inches will have lines that are just as crisp as an image that is displayed at 4 inches in size. This makes.SV
ses where the user is expected to have a strong internet connection. The image involves text and will be viewed on various typ
 n of the terms, and alternative order of the words in the term. If there is a British spelling or version of the word, this should al
e.Creating a redirect: For example, to create a redirect so that someone searching for the synonym Alport syndrome would be d

n a way that does not require knowledge of HTML language or computer programming. As a result, numerous people can colla
of the encyclopedia as I could, over and over again. I kept it right next to my bed and was mesmerized by it. Eventually Safewa

talist Intern Layperson Medical Student Nurse Nurse Practitioner Nursing Student Patient Pharmacist Physician Assistant Pre-M

inal pain and swelling Chest pain External bleeding through a natural opening Blood in the stool (appears black, maroon, or brig

d, swollen lymph nodes, fever, or red streaks spreading from the site toward the heart The injury was due to an animal or hum

from your sample and smears it onto a glass slide. The smear is stained with a special dye, which helps tell the difference betw

ncreased percentage of neutrophils may be due to:Acute infection Acute stress Eclampsia Gout Myelocytic leukemia Rheumato
ght-headed Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
y feel sick. If the brain is affected, they may have headaches, vomiting, confusion, loss of muscle control, or seizures. Leukemia

e symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
ltiple myeloma later. Radiation exposure: Cases reports demonstrate exposure to radiation may increase the risk of multiple m

symptoms that may occur with this disease:Bluish skin color Fatigue Red skin spots Vision problems
called JAK2V617F. The cause of this gene defect is unknown.

nal instability HiccupsOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with an

ell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

and inflammation of the blood vessels throughout the body. The disorder is grouped into three main types, depending on the t
elated to cryoglobulinemia include:Leukemia Multiple myeloma Mycoplasma pneumonia Primary macroglobulinemia Rheuma

the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm. Onc
mia. This test is sometimes performed to diagnose the cause of anemia or jaundice.The indirect Coombs' test looks for unbound
t act against your red blood cells. This may be due to:Autoimmune hemolytic anemia without another cause. Chronic lymphocy
the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.Onc

nes. As a result, the immune system attacks otherwise healthy cells and tissue.SLE may damage different parts of the kidney, le

ated creatinine (>3 mg/dL) at presentation have worse outcomes. Patients with persistently elevated anti-dsDNA and low C3 an

m may be used to protect a person who has been exposed to a potentially dangerous microorganism against which the person

nary tract either; instead, they may exhibit confusion, disordered speech, or hallucinations.
move to the kidneys is called cystitis.
ed prostate—the walnut-shaped gland in men that surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder and supplies fluid that goe

or contraceptive jellies, or foams Sometimes the cause is unknown.

Slow, sluggish movements Swelling - generalized (fluid retention) Swelling of the ankle, foot, and leg Urination changes:Decrea
he kidney's blood vessels:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Idiopathic thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura (ITTP) Malignant hype

gery, trauma, or severe infection in someone with heart disease, lung disease, or recent stroke. Old age, infection, loss of blood

underlying disease: If the coma is caused by alcohol abuse or some kind of drugs, patients may experienced mildly confusion, d

more than 2 hours at room temperature.

nt visit to the doctor is needed.

reathing (very deep and labored breathing at a normal or reduced rate) ComaIf the sufferer is a diabetic, hyperchloremia can ca
etion Prolonged Diarrhea Ureteral colonic anastomosis Vomiting Brain stem injury causing neurogenic hyperventilation Medicati

o 3 days, and not relieved by laxatives Vomiting more than 4 to 5 times in a day
al remedies)?

ls can handle this swelling, brain cells cannot, because the skull bones confine them. Brain swelling causes most of the symptom
mia has seen to be occuring in nearly a third of coronavirus disease patients.
al. In COVID 19 patients, hyponatremia was associated with increased risk of encephalopathy and mechanical ventilation.
gh at extremely low body temperatures, shivering may stop) Slowed breathing or heart rate Lethargy, cardiac arrest, shock, and
not eating enough in cold weather

erchloremic acidosis results from excessive loss of sodium bicarbonate from the body, as can happen with severe diarrhea Lacti

ommon. Fluid and body chemical (electrolyte) imbalances may develop, and other traumatic injuries may be present.

ve loss of sodium bicarbonate from the body, as can happen with severe diarrhea Lactic acidosis is a buildup of lactic acid. It can

cause the lungs to fill or empty Medications that suppress breathing including pain drugs, such as narcotics and sedatives such

Damage to the tissues and ribs around the lungs. An injury to the chest can cause this damage. Drug or alcohol overdose Injurie

fluid to move from the blood into the muscle, reducing the fluid volume of the body and leading to shock and reduced blood flo
s Trauma Use or overdose of drugs, especially cocaine, amphetamines, statins, heroin, or PCP

ue and muscle pain.

elling at the site of the bite WeaknessRattlesnake bites are painful when they occur. Symptoms usually begin right away and ma
oisonous. Most species of snake are harmless and many bites are not life-threatening, but unless you are absolutely sure that yo
l let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.This is a free and confidential service. All local poiso
thinking Numbness in the hands, feet, or other areas Muscle twitching or cramps Breath odor Easy bruising, nosebleeds, or blo
function for 10 - 20 years or more before progressing to ESRD.Patients who have reached this stage need dialysis or a kidney tr

ry kidney disease of uncertain origin, or it may be associated with other conditions.

ancer. Systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Grave`s disease, and other autoimmune disorders.The disorder occu

nful urination Passing large amounts of urine Urinating frequently at night Urinary hesitancy

s, the most common cause is dehydration.

due to illness Nausea Sore throat or mouth soresDehydration in sick children is often a combination of refusing to eat or drink
when pinched up into a fold Fast-beating heart Listlessness and inactiveness Little or no urine output for 8 hours No tears Sunk

ollowed by vomiting and constipation. Being out in the sun can cause pain, sensations of heat, blistering, and skin redness and s
mon type is porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).Drugs, infection, alcohol, and hormones such as estrogen may trigger attacks of certa

Then, snoring starts all over again. If you have sleep apnea, this cycle generally happens multiple times a night.Sleep apnea is no
(soft palate) or uvula, the piece of tissue that hangs down in the back of the mouth Swollen adenoids and tonsils that block the
for apnea.Sleep apnea in children has been linked to:Growth problems ADHD Poor school performance Learning difficulties Be

he chest. It may also develop in the skull or the flat bones of the trunk.The tumor often spreads (metastasis) to the lungs and o

other causes, like arthritis Bursitis -- inflammation from repeated pressure on the knee, such as kneeling for long periods of tim
e knee You still have pain after 3 days of home treatment
ent stone formers. Chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections Hypertension that has failed to respond to multiple forms of anti
tissues of the kidney tubule, become damaged or destroyed. Acute tubular necrosis is one of the most common structural cha
more susceptible to the condition.

egin to return to normal.

gs) Nausea, vomiting Easy bruising or bleeding Swelling, generalized
he risk some for this problem. This frequently occurs as a result of self-medicating, often for some type of chronic pain.Analges

d to a certain type of bladder cancer.

osureAbout one in four cases of bladder cancer is caused by coming into contact with to cancer-causing chemicals at work. The

mporary access involves placing dialysis catheters (hollow tubes) into larger veins, usually in your neck, chest, or leg near the gr
o longer working. A buildup of waste products and other imbalances would lead to death if dialysis did not perform these functi

o make up the time. Because the body continues to make waste products and take on extra fluid between dialysis sessions, you
s while you sleep. Avoid placing pressure on the arm when you are lifting heavy items. Do not allow any blood to be drawn from

bubble bath, perfumes, or lotions Vulvovaginitis, such as yeast or other infections of the vulva and vaginaOther causes of painf

(such as multiple *sclerosis or Parkinson's disease) Medications such as blood pressure medications (especially beta-blockers),

nsult your doctor. You may benefit from reducing the dose of the drug or changing to another drug that has the same result bu
de:Heroin use HIV Inherited genetic problems Obesity Reflux nephropathy (a condition in which urine flows backward from the

he body Burning sensation when urinating Bloody urine High blood pressure Nausea and vomiting Pale skin
-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Glomerular basement membrane is a part of the kidneys that helps filter waste a

he body Burning sensation when urinating Bloody urine High blood pressure Nausea and vomiting Pale skin
-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Glomerular basement membrane is a part of the kidneys that helps filter waste a

ight loss are common. Skin changes are also common, but there is no one typical lesion associated with the disease. There may

2 years of stopping treatment.

er from urinary tract infection at least once in their life time, which can also cause urinary bleeding.
are unable to urinate You are passing blood clots in your urineAlso call your doctor if:You have pain with sexual intercourse or

atients getting IHDF vs. those getting ordinary hemodialysis. However, the issue is not settled at this time, because the required

loss of gastric acid, excessive use of loop and thiazide diuretics.

te or emptying all the urine from the bladder Unable to tell when the bladder is full Urinary retention
rvous system commonly cause neurogenic bladder. This can include:Alzheimer's disease Meningomyelocele Brain or spinal cor

culty or pain while urinating Nausea or vomiting Renal failure Weight gain or swelling (edema) Decreased urine output Blood in
c unilateral obstructive uropathy - Long-term uropathy that affects one kidney Chronic bilateral obstructive uropathy - Long-te

nts have normal function from the other kidney.Chronic bilateral obstruction may lead to kidney insufficiency or failure becaus

m into the tissues due to: Conditions such as severe infections (sepsis) or burns Heart, liver, or kidney failure Psychogenic polyd
e ureter.But in some people, urine flows back up to the kidney. This is called vesicoureteral reflux.Over time, the kidneys may b

n both children and adults.

Narrowing of other arteries in the body, such as to the legs, the brain, the eyes and elsewhere Sudden buildup of fluid in the a
s blood to the kidneys.The most common cause of renal artery stenosis is a blockage in the the arteries due to high cholesterol

outlet obstruction from an enlarged prostateIn most cases of urge incontinence, no specific cause can be identified.Although ur

nd other brain or nervous system diseases Tumor or mass in the pelvis Urinary incontinence VaginitisLess common causes:Blad

de than the right.

the body, a condition called hemihypertrophy.

ents or for all events. The problem may involve learning new information or forming new memories.Mental or thinking abilities
concentration, such as with depression. It can be hard to tell the difference.

ents or for all events. The problem may involve learning new information or forming new memories.Mental or thinking abilities
oncentration, such as with depression. It can be hard to tell the difference.

indpipe (trachea) StrangulationIn other cases, both oxygen and nutrient supply are stopped, caused by:Cardiac arrest (when th

s, but have abnormal movements such as twitching or jerking, called myoclonus. Seizures may sometimes occur, and may be co
ehind, and around one eye. It may:Involve one side of the face from neck to temples Quickly get worse, peaking within 5 to 10
hey appear to be related to the body's sudden release of histamine or serotonin. A problem in a small area at the base of the b
r sensation Drowsiness Nausea or vomiting Seizures Vision changes

ng like you have "lost time"The following are emergency symptoms of a concussion. Seek immediate medical care if there are:C
e concussion.However, concussions don't always involve a loss of consciousness. Most people who have a concussion never bla
es not make sense)ConfusionDifficulty waking up or becoming more sleepyDouble vision or blurred visionFeverFluid or blood le

Voices that sound mumbled or slurredOther symptoms include:Feeling of being off-balance or dizzy (more common with Menie
mall bones (ossicles) that are right behind the eardrum Fluid that stays in the ear after an ear infection Foreign object that is stu
kness, or numbness anywhere on your body
 headedness often accompanies the flu, hypoglycemia, common cold, or allergies.More serious conditions that can lead to light

sCall your doctor if:You have never had dizziness before. Symptoms you have had in the past are different (for example, last lo

in a nasal or stuffy, hoarse, strained, or breathy voiceA person with dysarthria may also drool and have problems chewing or sw
entiaStrokeTraumatic brain injuryDysarthria may result from damage to the nerves that supply the muscles that help you talk, o

ntures can be reversed.Dysarthria caused by a stroke or brain injury will not get worse, and may improve.Dysarthria after surge
people with DRD have difficulty connecting the sounds of language to the letters of words, they may have difficulty understand
igence, and many have above-average intelligence.DRD may appear in combination with developmental writing disorder and d

nt, place something soft under the patient's head. Take off any rigid articles from the patient, such as the glasses or backpack,

severe contractions, where the eyelid completely closes, are possible. These can be caused by irritation of the surface of the e

tuctural problem in the head or neck, such as brain tumor, stroke, or brain infection. Except for headache, secondary headache

d kidney function tests. The results of the various lab tests may provide clues to detect some secondary headaches that can cau
ache accompanying with fever, convulsions, or confusion or loss of consciousness Headache accompanying with pain in the eye

troke, tumor, or other damage to a part of the brain called the brainstem Tumor in the top of the lungRarely, Horner's syndrom

mptoms may include anxiety, feeling irritated, low energy, restlessness, slow thinking or speech, loss of appetite, and memory
yroid function (hypothyroidism) Previous head injury
with coordination and making small movements Tremor in one or more arms or legs Weakness in one or more arms or legsBow
tic nerve, and spinal cord.It is unknown what exactly causes MS. The most common thought is that a virus or gene defect, or bo
astly, many different microbes have been proposed as potential triggers of MS, but none have been substantiated.

he disease started People with infrequent attacks People with a relapsing-remitting pattern People who have limited disease on

such as chalazion, episcleritis, glaucoma) Eye testing when the eyes have been dilated Meningitis Migraine headache
sensitivity occurs with headaches, red eye or blurred vision or does not go away in a day or two.

s also occur in the upper leg, feet, or armsYou will feel an irresistible urge to walk or move your legs, which almost always reliev
es. This may be a factor when symptoms start at a younger age. The abnormal gene has not yet been identified.Restless legs sy

ke it more often than prescribed by your doctor.Your doctor will start you on a low dose of rivastigmine and slowly increase you
ist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking o

o restart taking it at a lower dose.

on that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

lf or on the sole of the foot. The affected leg may feel weak.The pain often starts slowly. Sciatica pain may get worse:After stan
ome (a pain disorder involving the narrow piriformis muscle in the buttocks) Slipped disk Degenerative disk disease Spinal sten

ns you at night Severe pain and you cannot get comfortable Loss of control of urine or stool (incontinence)Also call if:You have

ruising, bleeding, or swelling. In some cases, the condition can be difficult to diagnose and may not be identified during an offic
and then the baby's head hits something. Even hitting a soft object, such as a mattress or pillow, may be enough to injure new
d abuse hotline. You may also use Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline (1-800-4-A-Child).

uries at and below this level do not cause spinal cord injury. However, they may cause cauda equina syndrome -- injury to the n
osteoporosis) or if the spinal canal protecting the spinal cord has become too narrow (spinal stenosis) due to the normal aging p
m stroke, for example) may also be more susceptible.
ving a spinal cord injury should NOT be moved without immobilization unless there is an immediate threat.
bility than do injuries low in the spine.Recovery of some movement or sensation within 1 week usually means the person has a
n the arms, neck, or into the upper back Weakness (decreased muscle strength, independent of exercise) in the arms or legsAd
d slowly causing damage.

aloperidolFluphenazineTrifluoperazineOther drugs, similar to antipsychotic drugs, that can cause tardive dyskinesia include:Cin

hing teeth Chewing Drinking Eating Lightly touching the face Shaving
d a cause in a person who is younger than age 40.

ntal retardation SeizuresOther symptoms:Pitted tooth enamel Rough growths under or around the fingernails and toenails Rubb
diseases called neurocutaneous syndromes . Both the skin and central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are involved.Ther

be noncancerous (benign). However, some tumors (such as kidney or brain tumors) can become cancerous.

causes displacement of the top portion of the hair cells that are embedded in the jelly-like cupula. Two other organs that are p
 ling or a feeling of falling. Lightheadedness or feeling woozy. Visual blurring. Disorientation.Some individuals may also experien
ence balance difficulties. A conflict of signals to the brain about the sensation of movement can cause motion sickness (for inst
shelf. The cause of BPPV is not known, although it may be caused by an inner ear infection, head injury, or aging.Labyrinthitis:
he primary physician may request the opinion of an otolaryngologist to help evaluate a balance problem. An otolaryngologist is
ults of medical tests.Another treatment option includes balance retraining exercises (vestibular rehabilitation). The exercises in
in Limitation of motion Limping (if the tumor is in the leg) Pain when lifting (if the tumor is in the arm) Tenderness, swelling, or
ome bone diseases such as Paget disease of bone and multiple hereditary osteochondromas may be risk factors of osteosarcom

esmoid -type fibromatosis A desmoid tumor can occur anywhere in the body since connective tissue is found everywhere in you

ons to discuss with your doctor include: Watch and wait In some cases, the tumor grows very slowly, or even shrinks without an

grow when they shouldn’t In some desmoid tumor s, there is too much beta-catenin, even though APC is normal APC and beta
also has resources to help you understand cancer prognosis Doctors estimate desmoid tumor survival rates by how groups of p
bacco and alcohol are at greater risk of developing these cancers than people who use either tobacco or alcohol alone. tobacco
s that may affect specific areas of the head and neck include the following:Oral cavity. A white or red patch on the gums, the to
d women in this country would be diagnosed with head and neck cancers in 2017.
nd neck cancers in people who have a high risk of developing these diseases. Descriptions of these clinical trials can be accessed
f cancer.If the diagnosis is cancer, the doctor will want to learn the stage (or extent) of diseas e. Staging is a careful attempt to
sed with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer may be treated differently than people with oropharyngeal cancers that are HPV-n
ph could collect in the tissues, causing additional swelling; this swelling may last for a long time.After a laryngectomy (surgery t
nical trials, which includes all NCI-supported clinical trials that are taking place across the United States and Canada, including t

Asbestos Chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethe
V non small cell lung cancer. Cure rates are related to the stage of disease and whether you are able to have surgery.Stage I and
elatively mild pain or no pain at all that is present with this life-threatening condition. With the development of cancer, abdom
Mellitus Aflatoxins Anabolic steroids Arsenic Vinyl chloride and thorium dioxide Obesity
red carcinoma. This is the result of cancer developing very fast. Sometimes if the carcinoma invades the main vessel it results in

known causeMost often these symptoms are not due to cancer. Other health problems can cause some of these symptoms. A
you started smoking, the greater your risk of lung cancer. There is no evidence that smoking low-tar cigarettes lowers the risk.H
er in nonsmokers. The more a person is exposed to smoke, the greater the risk of lung cancer. For more information, see the N

t common location for tumors in the mediastinum depends on the age of the patient. In children, tumors are more common in

life.After treatment, patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing. A small percentage of patients (5%) w
r changes in color of the limb)
 ing around the eye, or pain. Tumors in the ears, may cause pain, hearing loss, or swelling. Bladder and vaginal tumors may caus

Asbestos Chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethe
V non small cell lung cancer. Cure rates are related to the stage of disease and whether you are able to have surgery.Stage I and

adder cancer is caused by coming into contact with to cancer-causing chemicals at work. These chemicals are called carcinogen

unt (CBC) to monitor for anemia Bladder exams every 3 to 6 months after treatment Urinalysis if you did not have your bladde

es in the genes linked to intraocular melanoma. The patient's age and general health. Whether the tumor has recurred (come b
g, and stiffness in the joints)Less common symptoms include:Inflammation in the brain and spinal cord Blood clots Inflammatio
e environment, such as bacteria or viruses, may cause the immune system to attack the blood vessels. Behçet's disease is not co
ducing pain and preventing serious problems.

severe contractions, where the eyelid completely closes, are possible. These can be caused by irritation of the surface of the e

hocerciasis -- an infection common in parts of Africa) Several rare inherited diseases involving abnormal metabolism Sjogren sy

vision? If so, what type (blurring, reduced vision, or other) and how much?Tests may include:Biopsy of lid tissue Ophthalmosco
hocerciasis -- an infection common in parts of Africa) Several rare inherited diseases involving abnormal metabolism Sjogren sy

vision? If so, what type (blurring, reduced vision, or other) and how much?Tests may include:Biopsy of lid tissue Ophthalmosco

ornea (called an abrasion) Something getting into the eye (such as sand or dust) Sunlight, sun lamps, snow or water reflections
e cornea. Rarely, they may pass through the cornea and go deeper into the eye.

he brain -- one from each eye. This confuses the brain, and the brain may learn to ignore the image from the weaker eye.If the

e. About one-third of children with strabismus will develop amblyopia.Because many children will get strabismus or amblyopia
nd often rheumatoid arthritis or other joint disorder Previous eye surgery

with certain activities, or in certain places? Does the dryness seem related to wind, dust, chemicals, sun, or light exposure? Do
our eyes stop moving.Most people have floaters and learn to ignore them; they are usually not noticed until they become num
ammation (uveitis), hemorrhaging, retinal tears, and injury to the eye.

diameter may allow a person to obtain a better view of his or her own floaters. The head may be tilted in such a way that one
na all at once, rather than gradually, causing many new floaters to appear suddenly. This is called a vitreous detachment, which

udy cornea.At first, fluid may build up only during sleep, when the eye is closed. As the disease gets worse, small blisters may f
story of the disease.Fuchs' dystrophy is more common in women than in men. Vision problems usually do not appear before ag

Lyme disease Tuberculosis

trally aligned within the eyepiece reticle. From an excess plus power direction, rotate the power drum of the lensometer so tha

ody, most commonly the liver. Melanoma can also begin on the skin or other organs in the body and spread to the eye.

rs. People who are nearsighted need to change glasses or contact lenses often. It usually stops progressing as a person stops gr
he retina, the images you see may be blurry.Watch this video about:SeeingNearsightedness affects males and females equally.
ences signs of a possible retinal tear or detachment, including:Flashing lights Floating spots Sudden loss of any part of the field o

ome eye swelling. Chronic allergy often causes just itching or irritation. Allergic conjunctivitis often causes pale watery swelling
erson by:Direct contact with the infected person’s eye drainage or drainage from the person’s cough, sneeze, or runny nose. In
eae or Chlamydia trachomatis are at an increased risk for conjunctivitis. During delivery, these babies can contract ophthalmia n
er prevalence of pterygia in men than in women, this may reflect different rates of exposure to UV light. Pterygium is rarely obs

e. This is called a sub-conjunctival hemorrhage. Although this bloody area may appear alarming, it is a fairly common occurrenc
ou take blood thinning medication, like warfarin. You may have an object in your eye. You are very sensitive to light. You have a

he brain -- one from each eye. This confuses the brain, and the brain may learn to ignore the image from the weaker eye.If the

e. About one-third of children with strabismus will develop amblyopia.Because many children will get strabismus or amblyopia

halazion -- this is when an inflamed oil gland becomes fully blocked. If a chalazion gets large enough, it can cause trouble with y

r have excessive tears. A stye comes back soon after successful treatment of another one. Your eyelid bump bleeds.

conditions, or poor hygiene are at higher risk for this illness.Trachoma is spread through direct contact with infected eye, nose,

ting breathing difficulty

s) Fire or burns from breathing in smoke Foreign bodies -- such as peanuts and other breathed-in foods, pieces of a balloon, bu
elp. Do what you can to maintain breathing until medical help arrives.

ndicating breathing difficulty.

us) Fire or burns from breathing in smoke Foreign bodies -- such as peanuts and other breathed-in foods, pieces of a balloon, b
help. Do what you can to maintain breathing until medical help arrives.

velops when a small piece of bone-like calcium breaks free and floats within the tube of the inner ear. This sends the brain con

rhosis) Vomiting Vomiting blood

The swollen veins (varices) can also occur in the upper part of the stomach.

cur in diabetes. It is a potentially life-threatening condition.Breath that smells like feces can occur with prolonged vomiting, esp
yellowish, or bloody discharge from one nostrilGum disease (gingivitis, gingivostomatitis) Impacted tooth Lung infection Poor d

ike alcohol? Have you recently eaten a spicy meal, garlic, cabbage, or other "odorous" food? Do you take vitamin supplements
o get Candida esophagitis.

anosis and breathing failure. Infants with bilateral choanal atresia may need resuscitation at delivery. More than half of infants

by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist.

ctures of the ear, affecting hearing, balance, and possibly function of the facial muscles.

se shape (amount of distortion varies)Problems that may be present because of a cleft lip or palate are:Failure to gain weight F
nd speech, as well as ear infections. Problems may range from a small notch in the lip to a complete groove that runs into the r

nent on the back molars, just above the gum line on all teeth, and at the edges of fillings. Plaque that is not removed from the t
contact with the surface of the tooth.

tal treatments.
ed by nervous system (neurologic) problems can often be managed with drugs that block the action of the chemical messenge
leosis Peritonsillar abscess Retropharyngeal abscess Strep throat TonsillitisSudden drooling may occur with poisoning (especia

symptoms that occur with the drooling.

eral illness Vomiting Diarrhea Hearing loss in the affected earThe ear infection may start shortly after having a cold. Sudden dra
cur in adults, although they are less common than in children.Anything that causes the eustachian tubes to become swollen or

elling around the ear, or twitching of the face musclesFor a child younger than 6 months, let the doctor know right away if the

mptoms may persists or come and go, and may occur in one or both ears.
way. A chronic ear infection may be caused by:An acute ear infection that does not clear completely Repeated ear infections"S
 r pain may actually be coming from another location, such as your temporomandibular joint, your teeth, throat, or other locati
not improve within 24 - 48 hours.

ood debris that develops on the exposed parts of the teeth. It is a major cause of tooth decay. If you do not remove plaque, it t

aning.Healthy gums are pink and firm in appearance. Strict oral hygiene must be maintained for your whole life or gingivitis wil
.It can sometimes be triggered by:Chewing Coughing Laughing Speaking Swallowing
opharyngeal nerve Tumors or infections of the throat and mouth pressing on the glossopharyngeal nerve

ood debris that develops on the exposed parts of the teeth. It is a major cause of tooth decay. If you do not remove plaque, it t

aning.Healthy gums are pink and firm in appearance. Strict oral hygiene must be maintained for your whole life or gingivitis wil
, yellowish, or bloody discharge from one nostril Gum disease (gingivitis, gingivostomatitis) Impacted tooth Lung infection Poor

ch these milestones, hearing loss since infancy may be the cause.Some children may not be diagnosed until they are in school.
here are four types of hearing loss:Conductive hearing loss (CHL) Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) Mixed hearing loss Central h

as a disorder that affects more than hearing, the prognosis depends on the particular disorder and what other effects it has on

here's no room for the teeth to emerge. For example, the jaw may be too small to fit the wisdom teeth. Teeth may also becom

id and complications can develop.

ain prescription or nonprescription drugs (especially aspirin)

slightly raised with a hard surface that can't be easily scraped off
mouth for a long period of time"Hairy" leukoplakia of the mouth is a different disorder that is seen mostly in HIV-positive peopl

e tenderness, tingling, or burning before the actual sore appears. Cold sores usually begin as blisters and then crust over.The he

n rash, drooling, or difficulty swallowing

outh sores? More than 2 weeks? Have you ever had sores of this type before? What medications do you take? Do you have oth
y airRepeated nosebleeds may be a symptom of another disease such as high blood pressure, allergies, a bleeding disorder, or

e frequent and are not associated with a cold or other minor irritation.
dly? Does the bleeding always occur on one or both sides? What other symptoms do you have? Is there blood in the stools? Ar

r pain may actually be coming from another location, such as your temporomandibular joint, your teeth, throat, or other locati
not improve within 24 - 48 hours.

ead, foreign object, very loud noises, or sudden pressure changes (such as in airplanes) Inserting cotton-tipped swabs or other

Marshall Islands and the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the Ukraine, mostly in children.Radiation given through a vein (thr

tissue Large tumor

tic appliances in place.There are three pairs of major salivary glands. The largest are the parotid glands, located in each cheek o

ar Getting something stuck in the earTrying to clean wax from the ear canal, especially with cotton swabs or small objects, can i

he upper or lower jaw -- a very serious symptom

pus (dead tissue, live and dead bacteria, white blood cells) and swelling of the tissues within the tooth. This causes a painful to

en begin suddenly.
that give rise to tissues in the head and face. It is also involved in the development of other parts of the body, including the ski
e does not show any signs or symptoms of the disorder.

ere dry for at least 6 months and then started wetting again have secondary enuresis. There are many reasons that children we

called bowlegged.Bowlegs may be caused by illnesses such as:Blount's disease Bone dysplasias (abnormal development) Fractu

not usually result in bruising Bulging fontanelle (soft spot) or separated sutures in an infant's skull Burn (scalding) marks, usual
ult of their actions.The rate of child abuse is fairly high. The most common form is neglect.

d protection agencies generally make every effort to reunite families when possible.
 Sleep problems Stomach aches (vague complaints)Children who are abused may:Display disruptive behaviors such as using alc
d to know the person they are abusing. The abuser violates the trust of the younger person, which makes the sexual abuse eve

er examination.Some babies have a condition called retractile testes, in which the health care provider sometimes cannot find

ed teeth Teeth present at birth (natal teeth) Delayed or missing teeth

is fairly rare in the general population.

n lymph nodes (glands) JRA can also cause eye inflammation called uveitis. This problem can occur without any eye symptoms,
form of JRA may turn into rheumatoid arthritis. It may involve large and small joints of the legs and arms, as well as the TMJ an

emission with very little loss of function and deformity.

tuttering Upset stomach or vague stomach pain Other physical symptoms with no physical illnessEmotional or behavioral symp
and feel.Children learn how to respond to stress by what they have seen and experienced in the past. Most stresses experienc

to ask questions. Encourage expression of concerns, worries, or fears. Listen to your child without being critical. Build your chi
lude:Clammy skin Enlarged (dilated) pupils Headache Insomnia (sleeping difficulty) Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Pallor

he emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if seizures, fever, severe confusion, hallucinations, or irre
nk a lot may develop health problems such as liver and heart disease.Most people who go through alcohol withdrawal make a f
eathing Sweating Trembling Dizziness Other symptoms include: Loose stools Frequent need to pee Dry mouth Problems swallow
me drugs may cause or worsen symptoms of stress.These can include:Some inhaler medicines used to treat asthma Thyroid dru
y prescribed medicines without talking to your doctor.
oughts in some people.During withdrawal, there can be powerful, intense cravings for cocaine. However, the "high" associated
r more cocaine. Additional symptoms include:fatigue, lack of pleasure, anxiety, irritability, sleepiness, sometimes agitation or e

ding to the research.Presently there are no effective medications for reducing craving, although some are being tested. Some s
nxious about it and see it as loss of "male power". it is often related with obsessive ruminations and somatoform symptoms. Ot
r school, or a decrease in performance Need for daily or regular drug use to function Neglecting to eat Not caring for physical a
n, and environmental stress all can be factors.Peer pressure can lead to drug use or abuse, but at least half of those who becom

ly habituated to one step the next is close enough to it that they can readily move on. Such a sequence is called a hierarchy. It
s are not affected, although the pain may feel like it is coming from the joints.People with fibromyalgia tend to wake up with b

oming to termsPeople who are grieving may have crying spells, some trouble sleeping, and lack of productivity at work.
mourning. It starts with recognizing a loss and continues until a person eventually accepts that loss. People's responses to grief
Shortness of breath Sleep disturbances Weakness
pain Situations where there is a psychological advantage in having a sudden, dramatic illness (for example, somatization disorde

e:Decreased short-term memory Dry mouth Impaired perception and motor skills Red eyesMore serious side effects include pa

eating, breathing very fast (hyperventilating), have a fast heart rate (palpitations), and widened (dilated) pupils. The spell may l
lts, especially when there is emotional tension or the use of alcohol.

uch as sleeping pills Side effect of a drug Sleep disorder (for example, narcolepsy or sleep terror disorder) Eating just before go

hin 12 hours of last heroin usage and within 30 hours of last methadone exposure.
necessary to produce the same effect.The time it takes to become physically dependent varies with each individual.When the d

lity disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Obsessive compulsive personality disorder Paranoid personality disorder Schizoid

es) or it can last for 30 minutes or longer, but most episodes last for less than 10 minutes. If they are not disturbed, sleepwalke
4 sleep) early in the night. If it occurs during REM sleep, it is part of REM behavior disorder and tends to happen near morning.T

Adele Diamond has recently postulated that the core cognitive deficit of those with ADHD-PI (ADD), is working memory, or, as s
eats Rapid breathing Sweating Trembling DizzinessOther symptoms include:Loose stools Frequent need to pee Dry mouth Prob
me drugs may cause or worsen symptoms of stress. These can include:Some inhaler medicines used to treat asthma Thyroid dru
prescribed medicines without talking to your doctor.

they used to enjoy Performing self-destructive behaviors, such as heavily drinking alcohol, using illegal drugs, or cutting their b
amed, guilty, or like a burden to others Feeling like a victim Feelings of rejection, loss, or lonelinessSuicidal behaviors may be ca

ormed:Alcoholism Alcohol withdrawal state Altered mental state Analgesic nephropathy (kidney poisoning) Complicated alcoh
en can determine the presence and level (amount) of a drug in your body.Urine sample results are usually reported as positive

r the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

the lungs heavy and stiff, and decreases the lungs' ability to expand. The level of oxygen in the blood can stay dangerously low,

rly and the brain wasn't getting enough oxygen.

sure.Asbestos fibers were commonly used in construction before 1975. Asbestos exposure occured in asbestos mining and mill
 for surgery (general anesthesia) Old age Poor gag reflex in people who are not alert (unconscious or semi-conscious) after a str

sure on the lung caused by a buildup of fluid between the ribs and the lungs (called a pleural effusion) Prolonged bed rest with

ly reinflates slowly if the blockage of the airway has been removed. However, some scarring or damage may remain.
gionella pneumonia, you may cough up bloody mucus). Fever, which may be mild or high. Shortness of breath (may only occur
adults, smokers, and those with chronic illnesses or a weak immune system.

ts worse with exercise Weight loss Wheezing

rs for several weeks.Additional symptoms of chronic bronchitis include:Ankle, feet, and leg swelling Blue-colored lips from low
gh that produces excessive mucus. To be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, you must have a cough with mucus most days of th

ke heart or lung disease

he chance of a good outcome.
and sleepy (sedation) through a vein (intravenously).The chest tube is inserted through a one-inch cut in the skin between the

s are done often while a chest tube is in place to make sure that all of the air, blood, and other fluids are being removed.

kened immune systems from conditions such as:AIDS. Bone marrow transplant. Organ transplant. Chemotherapy or other trea

er its recommended number of uses. The manufacturer of Ventolin has addressed this issue by adding in a counter to the mout
keless tobacco products, such as snuff and chewing tobacco. These smokeless products also contain nicotine, as well as many t
to quit each year7. Unfortunately, only about 6 percent of people who try to quit are successful for more than a month.Researc

on dioxide and not enough oxygen. People with OHS are often tired due to sleep loss, poor sleep quality, and chronic hypoxia.Ex

s inserted through the chest wall to draw off fluid in the pleural space for medical diagnosis or treatment (thoracentesis).

may have an additional harmful effect on the lungs.If coal worker's pneumoconiosis occurs with rheumatoid arthritis, it is called
ngus, such as: Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis AspergillosisHowever, the above conditions makes it more like

oms in children) Fever Joint achiness or pain (arthralgia) Overall feeling of discomfort, illness, or lack of well-being Weight loss
ensitivity to environmental factors Genetic factors
ly to develop the condition.

Heart damage, leading to heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms Lung scarring (pulmonary fibrosis)

chair or bed. Your head and arms will rest on a table.The skin around the procedure site is cleaned and the area is draped. A lo
vascular disease. Drug reactions. Hemothorax. Pancreatitis. Pneumonia. Pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disea

hat you have an infection, a culture of the fluid may be done to test for bacteria.

on, especially in older people Excessive sweating and clammy skin Headache Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue Sharp or
e system, including:Adult HIV / AIDS patients Babies who are born too early Children with heart and lung problems People rece

ur back pain, you may also have pain in your leg, hip, or bottom of your foot.
ds and flus. Many back-related injuries happen at work. But you can change that. There are many things you can do to lower yo

pain that does not allow you to get comfortable Unexplained fever with back pain Weakness or numbness in your buttocks, thig

rr viral syndrome Hepatitis Influenza (flu) Lyme disease Measles (rubeola) Mumps Parvovirus Rheumatic fever Rubella (German

om of your foot. See: Sciatica

o identify. There are several possible causes of low back pain:Certain medical conditions such as fibromyalgia Herniated disc (p

ord-like band. In severe cases, it's difficult or even impossible to extend the fingers.
eplace the dead bone over 2 - 3 years.

eatment, and may later develop arthritis.

Swollen fingers or hands: Some people experience swelling to the point where the fingers resemble sausages. Muscle and join
port for your body. Researchers are working to identify proteins produced by the immune system that might cause mixed conn

od of inactivity. Limited movement: You may not be able to move your joint through its full range of motion. Grating of the join

oms come and go, depending on the degree of tissue inflammation. When the disease is active, the following symptoms appea

ected areas Skin ulcersDiseases that have similar symptoms areRaynaud phenomenon (Secondary Raynaud)

with hemorrhaging (due to death of intestinal tissue)

as likely to develop the condition as women.

bumps of tissue under the skin on the arms. Fatigue and weakness Low fever Weight loss When heart is affected, patient may

ease. Rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibody test: Patients with positive outcomes of rheumatoid factor, the anti-CCP antibody m

akayasu arteritis appears to be an autoimmune condition. This means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tis

and butchers are all more likely to develop tennis elbow.This condition may also be due to constant computer keyboard and m
 rd to move. This is called joint contracture. Infection of the skin or bone. The amputation wound does not heal properly.
r Motrin), warfarin (Coumadin), and any other drugs that make it hard for your blood to clot.Ask your doctor which drugs you s
to:Use a wheelchair or a walker Stretch your muscles to make them stronger Strengthen your arms and legs Begin walking wit
thout conducting extensive diagnostic testing. Prompt surgery decreases the likelihood the appendix will burst. Surgery to remo
focused in this area.Other symptoms include:Diarrhea or constipation. Fever (usually not very high). Nausea and vomiting. Red

effects from medications.

lood cell count. Blood tests may also show dehydration or fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Urinalysis is used to rule out a urina
y of the surgery. Keep the incision clean and dry. Avoid lifting. Avoid constipation and straining during bowel movements by dri
make sure it is safe to use.In some cases, a man-made (synthetic) bone substitute is used.No matter where the bone graft com

nician (Clinical Breast Exam - CBE) or patient (Self Breast Exam - SBE). Those performed by the clinician are usually done on an a
h incision in the upper right part of your belly, just below your ribs. The surgeon will cut the bile duct and blood vessels that lea

s you are taking, even ones you bought without a prescription.During the week before your surgery:You may be asked to stop
diarrhea after the procedure,this usually goes away with time.
ta have been delivered.
eech position (feet or buttocks coming first) and there is a problem during delivery.It may also be needed to speed the delivery

he end of your esophagus. This creates pressure at the end of your esophagus and helps prevent stomach acid and food from fl
omach is getting stuck in your chest or is twisting around itself. This is called a para-esophageal hernia. You have reflux disease

wallow, for some people. This is called dysphagia. For most people, this goes away in the first 3 months after surgery. Damage
us).Always tell your doctor or nurse if:You could be pregnant. You are taking any drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought with

Vitamins and herbs two weeks prior to your surgery. Please inform your doctor If you are taking blood thinners medications.

all 911 or see your health care provider immediately, because losing blood supply for just a few hours can cause tissue death an

women.Causes include:Defective valves from birth (congenitally defective valves) Pregnancy ThrombophlebitisPrimary varicos
n often cause a stuffy nose, itchy nose and throat, mucus production, cough, or wheezing. Allergens that touch the eyes may ca
on, muscle spasms, hives, rashes, and other symptoms, which vary from person to person.Common allergens include pollen, m

Allergy shots may require years of treatment, but they work in most cases. However, they may cause uncomfortable side effec

This causes the airways to tighten and leads to other symptoms.Some drugs (morphine, x-ray dye, and others) may cause an a

de:Abdominal cramping. Breathing difficulty. Swollen eyes and mouth. Swollen lining of the eyes (chemosis).
fish, nuts, eggs, milk, and others). Insect bites. Medications (drug allergy), such as antibiotics (penicillin and sulfa drugs), nonste

ercostal retractions) Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity Wheezing: Comes in episodes with symptom-
often cold weather) Chemicals in the air or in food Exercise Mold Pollen Respiratory infections, such as the common cold Stron

evere shortness of breath at rest The peak flow measurement is less than 50% of your personal best You have severe chest pai

ne system produces a substance (antibody) called IgE against that drug. The next time you take the drug, the IgE tells your white

fainting. Nasal congestion. Nausea. Runny nose. Patches of itchy, scaly skin (atopic dermatitis); skin may peel or blister. Swellin
od allergies are less common. In a true food allergy, the immune system produces antibodies and histamine in response to the

problems and slowed thinking

m person to person and from region to region. Large, visible pollens are seldom responsible for hay fever. Tiny, hard to see pol

tional weight loss.

mmation and acute lung disease. Over time, this acute Hypersensitivity pneumonitis may turn into long-lasting (chronic) lung d

cked so the allergen goes under the skin's surface. The health care provider closely watches the skin for signs of a reaction, usua
allergies to other drugs can be dangerous.The prick skin test may also be used to diagnose food allergies. Intradermal tests are

ting, but not have any problems with the specific substance in every day life.The skin tests are generally reliable. However, if the

ny substances can trigger hives, including:Animal dander (especially cats) Insect bites Medications Pollen Shellfish, fish, nuts, eg
tment regime, it is important to remember that pain is treatable. The following treatments are among the most common.Acet
my skin Nausea and vomiting Shock Rapid heart rate

blood flowing to the rest of the body, and can include:Anxiety and a feeling of doom Fainting or dizziness Heavy sweating (clam
ates two channels:One in which blood continues to travel Another where blood stays stillIf the channel with nontraveling blood
ns such as arteritis and syphilisAcute aortic syndrome occurs in about 2 out of every 10,000 people. It can affect anyone but is m

cur with this disease:Decreased urine output Diarrhea Hoarseness or changing voice Joint pain Weakness
Orthostatic hypotension (abnormal drop in blood pressure with standing)The deposits build up in the affected organs, causing

gh cholesterol, and cigarette smoking may raise your risk of certain types of aneurysms. High blood pressure is thought to play

n: Loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting may occur in part patient. Pain in shoulders,arms,jaw or back: It is always accompanyin
that of nonsmokers. Besides, it is also a powerful independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary he
spital to verify whether there are acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or not.
n: Loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting may occur in part patient. Pain in shoulders,arms,jaw or back: It is always accompanyin
that of nonsmokers. Besides, it is also a powerful independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary he
spital to verify whether there are acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or not.

ve a blood clot at a young age and will have a family member who has also experienced a blood clotting episode. In people with

lems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doc
heart conditions). It is usually diagnosed in children or adults under age 40.Coarctation of the aorta may be seen with other co

flowing to the rest of the body, and can include:Anxiety and a feeling of doom Fainting or dizziness Heavy sweating (clammy sk
wo channels:One in which blood continues to travel Another where blood stays stillIf the channel with nontraveling blood gets b
Pregnancy Swelling of the blood vessels due to conditions such as arteritis and syphilisAortic dissection occurs in about 2 out of

ttering pulse Palpitations (sensation of the heart beating) Shortness of breath with activity or when lying down Swelling of the f
n the past, rheumatic fever was the main cause of aortic insufficiency. Now that antibiotics are used to treat rheumatic fever, o
st bone, it may move to other areas. Fainting, weakness, or dizziness with activity. Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitatio
, a condition that may develop after strep throat or scarlet fever. Valve problems do not develop for 5 - 10 years or longer afte
ortic stenosis, but rheumatic fever is very rare in the United States. Radiation therapy for treatment of cancer, such as breast ca

es have the potential to cure a person's aortic stenosis. The success of surgery depends on a number of factors, including patien
valve is a common abnormality and occurs in 1-2% of people. This is the second most common cause of aortic valve disease re
her way the extra work may cause symptoms of heart failure, such as shortness of breath. Early on the shortness of breath may
osis or regurgitation. A cardiac catheterization provides similar information, but can also identify any narrowings of the coronar

disadvantage is that there is a tendency for blood to clot on all mechanical valves. Therefore patients with artificial valves must
w, the heart becomes ischemic causing anginal chest pain. Aortic stenosis is often progressive, growing worse with time. As the

rophylactic antibiotics whenever having dental work, and should always tell a doctor about their valve surgery before any surg
o reach your heart and aortic valve. For the endoscopic, or keyhole, approach, your surgeon makes one to four small holes in yo
e).A minimally invasive procedure has many benefits. There is less pain, blood loss, and risk of infection. You will also recover fa

ar heartbeat that must be treated with medicines or a pacemaker. Kidney failure. Poor healing of the wounds.
d to clot. These might cause increased bleeding during the surgery.Some of them are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and na
nd your heart. These are usually removed 1 to 3 days after surgery.You may have a catheter (flexible tube) in your bladder to dr
ile you are connected to this machine. This machine does the work of your heart while your heart is stopped.If your aortic valve
alve (endocarditis). You have received a new heart valve in the past and it is not working well, or you have other problems such

ve Kidney failure Memory loss and loss of mental clarity, or "fuzzy thinking" Poor healing of the incision Post-pericardiotomy sy
ot. These might cause increased bleeding during the surgery.Some of these drugs are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and nap
nformation about your vital signs (your pulse, temperature, and breathing).You will be moved to a regular hospital room from t

age or tissue death.This is a common cause of heart attack and stroke.High blood cholesterol levels can cause hardening of the

ers (atria). Then the signal passes through another node (the AV node), and finally, through the lower chambers (ventricles). Th

at or to slow it down. Some are:Beta blockers, such as metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL) or atenolol (Senormin, Tenormin). Dig

nough blood to meet the body's needs.In atrial flutter, the ventricles may beat very rapidly, but in a regular pattern.These prob

esent, such as:Blueness of skin, especially the fingers (Raynaud's phenomenon) Cough Curvature of nails accompanied with soft
eart. The rest are in the right atrium. Right atrial myxomas sometimes cause mechanical blockage of the heart valve a condition
ay require emergency surgery to prevent sudden death.
mptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
ers to when the blood flows from the left chamber to the right chamber.If too much blood moves from the right side of the hea
ems and other congenital heart diseases.Certain types of atrial septal defects are associated to down syndrome. Genetic couns

an without symptoms. Larger defects may cause disability by middle age because of increased blood flow and shunting of bloo
at circulates to the lungs.Complete atrioventricular canal defect: Signs/symptoms of a complete defect usually present within t

r Drink too much alcohol during pregnancy Poorly manage diabetes during pregnancy Take certain prescriptions during pregnan

h as endocarditis, a bacterial infection occurring within the lining of the heart that can be very severe and life-threatening. Endo

der for the body to absorb and store thiamine.A rare condition known as genetic beriberi is inherited (passed down through fam

eplacement, language problems, unusual eye movements, and walking difficulties may go away. However, Korsakoff syndrome
e discovery of a bicuspid aortic valve.
families.The bicuspid aortic valve may not be completely effective at stopping blood from leaking back into the heart. This is ca

den unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS) is a condition characterized by unexpected cardiac arrest in young adults,
cture or function of the channel, which reduces the flow of sodium ions into cells. A disruption in ion transport alters the way t

of 10 patients are women.The condition may also be related to a history of Raynaud's disease.This disorder is very uncommon

similar symptoms:Coronary artery disease Constrictive pericarditis Dilated cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Rest
myloidosis (AL type amyloidosis). Primary amyloidosis is often seen in people with multiple myeloma and cancer. Cardiac amyl

ur when the arrhythmia is present include:Chest painFaintingLight-headedness, dizzinessPalenessShortness of breathSweating

trical pathway.Different nerve messages signal your heart to beat slower or faster.Arrhythmias are caused by problems with th

exercise instructions.

than 60 beats a minute) or very fast (over 100 to 120 beats a minute). You have dizziness, fainting, or you are very tired. You ar
to squeeze on your salad instead of dressing. Ask for baked, boiled or roasted potatoes instead of fried. And ask for them with
thout butter or cream sauces. You’ll be surprised at how delicious meat, fish and chicken can be when broiled “dry.” Take the s
 ey failure Placement of central lines Radiation therapy to the chest Recent invasive heart procedures Recent open heart surger

esent, such as:Blueness of skin, especially the fingers (Raynaud's phenomenon) Cough Curvature of nails accompanied with soft
eart. The rest are in the right atrium. Right atrial myxomas sometimes cause mechanical blockage of the heart valve a condition

ay require emergency surgery to prevent sudden death.

hms, such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or supraventricular tachycardia Pressure on the heart due to a buil

, or factors can raise your risk for cardiomyopathy. Major risk factors include:A family history of cardiomyopathy, heart failure,

tions called Marfan syndrome and fibromuscular dysplasia (abnormal growth or development of the cells in the walls of carotid

This sudden loss of heart function leads to sudden cardiac arrest. A person stops breathing and becomes unresponsive. Unfortu
mal gene from both of your parents to get the disease. CPVT can result from mutations in genes such as RYR2 and CASQ2. RYR2

upture days or weeks after the headache first happens.Symptoms may also occur if the aneurysm pushes on nearby structures
neurysms are inherited more often than other types of aneurysms.Other types of cerebral aneurysm involve widening of an en

ng difficulties

heart is not getting enough blood and oxygen. The most common symptom is chest pain that occurs behind the breast bone or
hortness of breath, especially after a long trip, a stretch of bedrest (for example, following an operation), or other lack of move
t is located in the center of the chest behind the breast bone and lasts between 1-15 minutes. Pain is relieved with rest or by a

s under stress. {{#ev:youtube|GIWb4-a7A6A}}

k Having other diseases that affect the heartCertain CAD risk factors tend to occur together. When they do, it’s called metabolic
ns of a heart attack (also called myocardial infarction or MI) because immediate treatment is essential.{{#ev:youtube|U2DkFeB

m Ulcerations or sores on your extremities or lower legs.

to your muscles, this can be a serious problem. The pain from claudication occurs because not enough oxygen is reaching your

malyNon-cyanotic:Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Atrial septal defect (ASD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Aortic stenosis Pulm

ysis or frothy sputum Nocturia or urination during the night Nocturnal cough Orthopnea or sleeping on pillows Palpitations or e
ff and do not fill up with blood easily. This is called diastolic heart failure.Both of these problems mean the heart is no longer a

k frothy sputum
on fraction of left ventricle (LVEF) is an important indicator of the prognosis. The more severely damaged your heart muscle is,

s, it is called cor pulmonale.Almost any chronic lung disease or condition causing prolonged low blood oxygen levels can lead to

also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that

nows about everything you are taking.

exercise instructions.

lse feels irregular -- very slow (fewer than 60 beats), or very fast (over 100 to 120 beats) a minute. You have dizziness, fainting,
e large coronary (heart) arteries that supply a major part of the heart muscle with blood—especially if your heart's pumping ac
be admitted to the hospital on the same day as the surgery. If tests for coronary heart disease show that you have severe block
d artery.This type of surgery usually lasts 3 to 5 hours, depending on the number of arteries being bypassed. Numerous steps t
rough the pericardium (the outer covering of the heart). This reaction usually is mild. However, some patients may develop flui
ceive oxygen therapy (oxygen given through nasal prongs or a mask) and a temporary pacemaker while in the ICU. A pacemake
ack. The pain usually occurs with activity or emotion, and goes away with rest or a medicine called nitroglycerin.Other symptom
se (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States for men and women.
you get.Diabetes is a strong risk factor for heart disease.High blood pressure increases your risks of coronary artery disease an
angiography Coronary angiography /arteriography -- an invasive procedure designed to evaluate the heart arteries under x-ray
ome with PCI and CABG, but there are some reports that favor CABG over PCI: The SYNTAX trial with 705 patients demonstrate
is removed from your arm. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop

s done for anyone who develops diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or another illness caused by atherosclerosis.Follo
d) VLDL: 2 - 38 mg/dLTalk to your health care provider about the ideal levels in children.(Note: mg/dL = milligrams per deciliter)

nows about everything you are taking.

exercise instructions.

lse feels irregular -- very slow (fewer than 60 beats), or very fast (over 100 to 120 beats) a minute. You have dizziness, fainting,
to 30 minutes It is usually severe. The pain may spread to the neck, jaw, shoulder, or arm. The person may lose consciousness

wing of the blood vessels (vasoconstriction), Stimulant drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine.

ube|CETfozL0cQg}}
t failure Obesity Recent surgery (especially hip, knee, or female pelvic surgery) Too many blood cells being made by the bone m

ph nodes Vomiting
gic fever, which is a separate disease that is caused by the same type of virus but has much more severe symptoms.
se include being a neonate or young child, female sex, high body mass index, a high viral load, genetic polymorphisms and prev

s rare. Usually in this case, the organs of the abdomen and the lungs will also be arranged in a mirror image of their normal pos
ohol and illicit drugs during pregnancy are putting their fetus at an increased risk for a congenital heart disease, such as dextro

ts very fast for a long period of time Autoimmune illnesses, when the immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissue

en be damaged and may stop functioning.Over time, the clotting proteins are consumed or used up. When this happens, the pe

the chest) with deep breathing

ma to the heart. Dressler's syndrome is believed to be caused by the immune system attacking the area. Pain occurs when the
h as anxiety, can lead to difficulty breathing.The following problems may cause breathing difficulty:Problems with the lungs: Blo

(bottom chamber) while the heart relaxes. The leaflets close to prevent blood from flowing from the right ventricle to the righ

ntricular canal defect Atrial septal defect Cyanotic heart disease Patent ductus arteriosus Truncus arteriosusOver time, increase
gnancy, expectant mothers exposed to rubella may have an increased risk in having a baby with a heart defect. Drug and alcoho

al axis), the sensitivity (10mm/mV) and the filter's frequency (40Hz, filters noise from eg. lights) finally there is a calibration on
ntract.As the impulse spreads through the heart, the electric field changes continually in size and direction. The ECG is a graphic

exercise instructions.

oles (Janeway lesions) Red, painful nodes in the pads of the fingers and toes (Osler's nodes) Shortness of breath with activity S
or valve problems. However, an organism commonly found in the mouth, Streptococcus viridans, is responsible for about 50%

ear once the patient is at a more stable level of anticoagulation. Let’s assume an average cost of $1,652 per year. The cost of W

CABG atrial fibrillation may have a limited impact on survival, some conditions such as systolic heart failure that are associated

er strokes. If each stroke costs $100,000 over the lifetime of the patient then preventing 1.12 fewer cases with dabigatran wou
2.3 fold higher mortality, so survival was estimated to be 13.5 / 2.3 = 5.8 years. That’s $17,333 per year of stroke-free life saved
ity in costs of stroke, bleeding and MI throughout the world.
that somewhere in the region of 20,000-30,000 GBP per quality-adjusted life year is the threshold, but it's not a strict limit. “Th
e Anorexia or other eating disorders Arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lu
ications, prescription or non-prescription, or using drugs that may cause fatigue or drowsiness You feel sad or depressed You h

sia. In addition, not everyone who has fibromuscular dysplasia has a relative with the disease. Hormones. premenopausal wom

urinary frequency or urgency Discharge from the penis (white, yellow, or green in color) Red or swollen opening of penis (uret
ven grow in the eyes. Health care providers in every state in the U.S. are required by law to tell their State Board of Health abo

0007.jpg Answer example 7 Ami0008.jpg Answer example 8 Ami0009.jpg Answer example 9Ami0010.jpg Answer example 10 Im

ss, or pain. It can be mild or severe. Heart attack pain can sometimes feel like indigestion or heartburn. Shortness of breath - Sh
 -rich blood to the part of the heart muscle fed by the artery.
r than 45 years and for women older than 55 years (or after menopause). Family history of early CAD: Your risk increases if you

n cross the placenta. (The placenta is the organ that attaches the umbilical cord to the mother's womb.) These proteins can dam
tal heart defects also may result in congenital heart block. These defects are problems with the heart's structure that are prese

heart to beat at a normal rate. If you have a pacemaker, you should take special care to avoid things that may interfere with it.

ctural problems of the heart (congenital heart defects). examples: Holes in the heart. Abnormal blood flow between the heart

urished Are older than age 55 - 60 Have had a severe stroke or dementia Have had cancer Have HIV infection Have infections s
ejection of the heart Severe coronary artery disease Wound infections
eed to have regular check-ups with blood tests, x-rays, and echocardiograms for many years.Fighting rejection is an ongoing pro

k with live rodents can be exposed to hantaviruses through rodent bites from infected animals. Transmission from one human

kage, and acute kidney failure, which can cause severe fluid overload. The severity of the disease varies depending upon the vir

e illness and death associated with HFRS if used very early in the disease.

w nasal bridge
range from mild to severe.Hurler syndrome is inherited, which means that your parents must pass the disease on to you. Both

rders (passed down through families) that lead to abnormal levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. They include:Familial combin
high blood pressure called malignant hypertension (patient information)|malignant hypertension
ood pressure Genetic diseases Renin -a hormone produced by the kidneys is thought to activate sympathetic system which fun
ng black population as compared to whites.It is seen to be more common though exact though there is no exactt reason or me
nd fatigue one should seek for urgent medical care.Hypertension is generally associated with a wide variety of symptoms but ge
o maintain a healthy diet and active lifestyle.<refhttp://www.americanheart.org/</ref>
ased in urine volume itchy skin dry skin Muscle weakness swelling of face, arms and legs Sleep difficulties difficulties in concent
 vity tolerance, Shortness of breath when lying down (orthopnea).

he rest of the body.

. Almost half of deaths in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy happen during or just after the patient has done some type of physical

net) Diarrhea (including the use of too many laxatives, which can cause diarrhea) Diseases that affect the kidneys' ability to reta

e to cold (this reaction is called peripheral cyanosis).However, a bluish color in the chest or abdomen, lips, and tongue is abnor
ood from the left ventricle to the entire body Entrance and exit of the ventricle Mitral and aortic valvesThis causes the left vent

nsion brought on by a sudden loss of blood (shock), infection, or severe allergic reactionOrthostatic hypotension is brought on b
Chest pain Dizziness, lightheadedness Fainting Fever higher than 101 degrees Fahrenheit Irregular heartbeat Shortness of brea

es away from the site where your ICD is placed under your skin. These include:Battery-powered cordless tools (such as screwd

ay. You were unconscious for a moment. Your ICD has sent a shock and you still do not feel well or you pass out. Talk to your do

n the vessel such as proximal or distal edge dissection, or dye extravasation to the vessel wall or the pericardium? How is the fl
upture days or weeks after the headache first happens.Symptoms may also occur if the aneurysm pushes on nearby structures
neurysms are inherited more often than other types of aneurysms.Other types of cerebral aneurysm involve widening of an en

branes in the mouth Strawberry tongue, white coating on the tongue, or prominent red bumps on the back of the tongue Red p

s (passed down through families) that lead to abnormal levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. They include:Familial combined
drug treatment throughout your life. Periodic monitoring of your lipid profile may be necessary. Reducing high cholesterol level
ns. EM begins at the site of a tick bite after a delay of 3 to 30 days (average is about 7 days). EM expands gradually over a perio
ove a tick as soon as you see it on your skin (the longer a tick is attached to your skin, the greater your risk of developing Lyme d

nt. Patients with late stage Lyme disease have been shown to experience a level of physical disability similar to that seen in con

t is not treated right away, complications may be severe and life-threatening.

CancerHistoplasmosisRadiationSarcoidosisTuberculosis

not use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed to help control the amount of sugar in the body. As a result, blood sugar and fat lev

ustion, and light-headedness, palpitations (related to atrial fibrillation), shortness of breath during activity and when lying dow
backward into the left upper heart chamber (atrium). This leads to a decrease in blood flow to the rest of the body. As a result,

at. Fatigue. Frequent respiratory infections such as bronchitis. Palpitations. Swelling of feet or ankles. Other health problems m
deposits forming around the mitral valve and cause mitral stenosis in adults. Children may be born with mitral stenosis (congen

red or replaced by surgery.Complications may be severe or life threatening. Mitral stenosis is usually controllable with treatme
ms may develop slowly
valve prolapse, but it does not generally affect their lifestyle.In a small number of cases, the prolapse can cause blood to leak ba
eon can repair or replace the mitral valve. In endoscopic surgery, your surgeon makes one to four small holes in your chest. Th
sive surgery may be done for these reasons:Changes in your mitral valve are causing major heart symptoms, such as chest pain

ar heartbeat that must be treated with medicines or a pacemaker. Kidney failure. Poor healing of the wounds.
d to clot. These might cause increased bleeding during the surgery.Some of them are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and na
urine. You may also have intravenous (IV, in a vein) lines to get fluids.You will go from the ICU to a regular hospital room. Your
your heart while your heart is stopped. A small cut is made in the left side of your heart so your surgeon can repair or replace
sing major heart symptoms, such as angina (chest pain), shortness of breath, fainting spells (syncope), or heart failure. Tests sh

oss of mental clarity, or "fuzzy thinking." Post-pericardiotomy syndrome, which is a low-grade fever and chest pain. This could
blood to clot. These might cause increased bleeding during the surgery.Some of these drugs are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motr
ow information about your vital signs (pulse, temperature, and breathing).You will be moved to a regular hospital room from t

icals to fight off disease. If the infection affects your heart, the disease-fighting cells enter the heart. However, the chemicals p

Speech and language problems Delayed onset of puberty

 ther factors that affect weight include:The way we eat when we are children can affect the way we eat as adults. The way we e

You should keep several devices at least 12 inches away from the site where the pacemaker is placed under your skin. These in

t an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia).The following conditions make you more likely to have an abnormal heart rhythm:Kno

our pulse is more than 100 beats per minute (without exercise, anxiety, or fever).

he feet and ankles.Swelling may occur in women who take estrogen or during parts of the menstrual cycle. Most women have
ling. Also call your doctor if self-care measures do not help or swelling gets worse.
ments to recommend.Compared with CABG, some advantages of percutaneous coronary intervention are that it:Doesn't require
o carefully guide the catheter up into your heart and arteries. Dye will be injected into your body to highlight blood flow throug
controlNot every blockage can be treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Some patients who have several blockage

rrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). The need for emergency coronary bypass surgery during the procedure (2–4 percent of people
recommend some routine tests, such as blood tests, an EKG (electrocardiogram), and a chest x ray.Once the percutaneous cor
ubes) were inserted may feel sore or tender for about a week.Going Home:Most people go home the day after the procedure.
ection. Ankle, feet, and leg swelling (occasionally if there is a constriction of the heart filling in a condition known as constrictive
mmune system attacks healthy body tissue by mistake HIV infection and AIDS Underactive thyroid gland Kidney failure Rheumati

the heart muscle may occur in severe cases. This is called constrictive pericarditis, and it can cause long-term problems similar

does not go away with rest. You have dizziness, fainting, or you are very tired. You are coughing up blood or yellow or green mu
st. The legs also may feel cool to the touch, and the skin may look pale.When peripheral artery disease becomes severe, you ma
 enough blood and oxygen. Eventually, there may not be enough blood and oxygen, even when the muscles are resting.Periphe

pe of your great vessles and heart. Chest CT or MRI: A chest CT or MRI can demonstrate the details of the heart extremely well

result, the blue (without oxygen) and red (oxygen-rich) blood mix.Some of this mixed blood goes to the lungs, some goes to th

art failure is the most common cause. Exudative effusions are caused by blocked blood vessels, inflammation, lung injury, and d

breath Headache Vision problems Brain fog Depression Anomia (word finding problems) Difficulty concentrating Difficulty slee

he right side, underneath the ribs. Pain may also be felt in the right shoulder and can be confused with heartburn, gallbladder p

an one pregnancy have an increased risk for high blood pressure when they get older.Death of the mother due to preeclampsia
cur with this disease:Decreased urine output Diarrhea Hoarseness or changing voice Joint pain Weakness
Orthostatic hypotension (abnormal drop in blood pressure with standing)The deposits build up in the affected organs, causing

al defect (VSD). If the person does not have a VSD, the condition is called pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/

-based procedure, or could need three or more surgeries and have only a single working ventricle. The outcome is difficult to p
s WheezingAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this condition:Coughing up blood or bloody froth Decrease in leve
fection, as a side effect of medications, or the result of major trauma. Lung damage with a buildup of body fluid is also seen in

of breath that starts suddenlyOther symptoms that may occur are:Anxiety or feeling of panic Bluish skin discoloration (cyanosi
n artery in the lung.Risk factors for a pulmonary embolism include:Burns Cancer Childbirth Family history of blood clots Fractur
a PE: Pregnancy Obesity Smoking Cancer Heart failure Previous PE Medications such as oral contraceptive pills, tamoxifen, and

nd bad days.
nough blood flows to the lungs to pick up oxygen and symptoms begin. At this point, heart failure that involves the right side of
 ere.Pulmonary valve stenosis is a rare disorder.

ere. Pulmonary valve stenosis is a rare disorder.

ax T hrombosis (Myocardial infarction) T hrombosis (Pulmonary embolism) T rauma (Hypovolemia from blood loss) Covid-19

mptoms. Medications may be prescribed to help reduce nausea, vomiting, and pain. Blood transfusions may be given for anemia

s, most often in the hands, feet and face; less often in the arms and legs. Emotion changes, such as crying or inappropriate laug

st bone, it may move to other areas. Fainting, weakness, or dizziness with activity. Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitatio
eumatic fever is increasingly rare in the United States. pulmonic stenosis may be present from birth (congenital), or it may deve

gery does have the potential to cure a person's pulmonic stenosis. The success of surgery depends on a number of factors, inclu

heart defect. Your mother has an autoimmune disease, such as lupus.

p Weight lossPatients may also have other symptoms due to the underlying disorder, such as:Fever Joint pain Abdominal pain W
tis Psoriatic arthritis Crohn's diseaseSecondary amyloidosis can lead to conditions that include:Nephrotic syndrome Kidney failu

after a heart attack. Neurogenic shock is caused by damage to the nervous system.

nd the snoring returns. This pattern repeats frequently throughout the night.The main symptoms of OSA are usually associated
o the obstruction of the airway. Having a narrower throat area can affect the ease with which air can pass through the airways.
e men seem to be at higher risk since up to 40 percent of morbidly obese men in a clinical population are affected by OSA . Tho

both eyes Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination Sudden severe headache with no known causeOth
n, diabetes, obesity and smoking. According to The U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), five ma

life quality of the patient and his/her family in the furture.

e, neck, trunk, and arms.Other possible symptoms include:Decreased alertness Dizziness Fainting Headache Reddish face or che
rous conditions that cause scarring. These conditions include:Histoplasmosis infection Inflammation of a vein (thrombophlebiti
 pid heart rate from PSVT may start with events that take place in many different areas above the lower heart chambers (ventri

vityOrthostatic hypotension Hypoglycemia

ng play Irritability Prolonged crying A heart murmur Tet spells Sometimes, babies with tetralogy of Fallot will suddenly develop
erriding aorta (the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the body) that is shifted over the right ventricle and ventricular sept

erriding aorta (the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the body) that is shifted over the right ventricle and ventricular septa

rt rhythms) is recommended.
yanosis{{#ev:youtube|AywUO2TLbYs}}
me (a condition that causes heart defects, low calcium levels, and immune deficiency).

ry syndrome Myocardial infarction Unstable angina Sequelae hours Hibernating myocardium Myocardial stunning days Myocar

n that attaches the umbilical cord to the mother's womb.) These proteins can damage the baby's heart and lead to congenital h

degree AV block, second-degree AV block, bundle branch block, or bifascicular block. In addition, acute myocardial infarction m
cur:Hoarseness Swallowing problems High-pitched breathing (stridor) Swelling in the neckOther symptoms may include:Chest

unt for almost all cases of thoracic outlet syndrome.Compression can be caused by an extra cervical rib (above the first rib) or a

arly as possible.

n one side of the body) Numbness or tingling on one side of the body Trouble speaking or understanding others who are speaki
rokes usually show changes on such tests.)The temporary loss of blood flow to the brain can be caused by:A blood clot within a

ow-up with your health care provider to manage risk factors.

et oxygen. The blood then comes back to the left side of the heart and travels out the aorta to the body. In transposition of the

your health care provider if your baby has this condition and new symptoms develop, get worse, or continue after treatment.
annot enter the lungs, where it must go to pick up oxygen (become oxygenated).Infants with tricuspid atresia generally are cya

he valves to be floppy and not function correctly.Degenerative process in the valve can also cause the valve to slip out of place a

mitral stenosis. Other diseases can directly affect the tricuspid valve. The most common of these is rheumatic fever, which is a

evere over time.Unstable angina is chest pain that is sudden and gets increasingly worse. The chest pain:Occurs without cause (

ng tired more often. You are feeling faint or light-headed, or you pass out. Your heart is beating very slowly (less than 60 beats

uses the valves to thicken. This is called calcific degeneration.An irregularly shaped aortic valve or a narrowed mitral valve. Thi

es. Some arteries that should break down do not; this forms vascular rings.With vascular ring, some of the arches and vessels th

k factors for heart disease, such as smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes.

the hole is large, too much blood will be pumped to the lungs, leading to heart failure. The cause of VSD is not yet known. This
drug and alcohol exposure can also harm the fetus during development and result in potential birth defects.

e of the ventricles days, months, or years after a heart attack. This can lead to ventricular tachycardia.Ventricular tachycardia c

rebellus) are also located in the back of the brain.Many different conditions may cause blood flow in the back part of the brain

patient is in a coma or cannot move both arms and legs.

ommended for use in children under 10 years of age.
particularly important to tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following:cyclosporine danazol antifungal agents (such as
on. Keep taking Vytorin unless your doctor tells you to stop. If you stop taking Vytorin, your cholesterol may rise again.
her ezetimibe or simvastatin tablets (tablets that contain the active ingredients of Vytorin):allergic reactions including swelling
eart, brain, and other organs. High LDL cholesterol is a major cause of heart disease and stroke.HDL cholesterol is called “good”

er a heart attack. This can lead to ventricular tachycardia.Ventricular tachycardia can also be caused by:Anti-arrhythmic medica

Sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations) Shortness of breathIn rare cases, arrhythmias associated with Wo

alpha-blockers. It relieves the symptoms of BPH by relaxing the muscles of the bladder and prostate. It lowers blood pressure b
ain any part you do not understand. Take doxazosin exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than

ood flow and, therefore, the oxygen supply to the heart, brain, and other parts of the body. Lowering blood levels of cholester
se of pravastatin and gradually increase your dose, not more than once every 4 weeks.Continue to take pravastatin even if you

bes it for you. Stopping rivaroxaban increases your risk of having a stroke.If you have to stop taking rivaroxaban, your doctor m
nd reduce the risk of them occurring again. Reduce the risk of forming a blood clot in the legs and lungs of people who have jus

oss. Are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if rivaroxaban passes into your breast milk. You and your doctor sh
. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.2. Blood clots in the veins of your legs or lungs: Take rivaroxaban once o

e valsartan exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.Your doctor m
ass of medications called anticoagulants ('blood thinners'). It works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood.
than your prescribed dose of warfarin.Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of warfarin and gradually increase or d
tor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, and nutritional supplements you are taking or
ake any changes in your diet. Talk to your doctor about eating grapefruit and drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medica

pain or pressureswelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legsfeverinfectionnauseavomitingdiarrheaextreme tirednesslack

portant for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking,

dark (blackhead). If the plug breaks open, the material inside causes swelling and red bumps to form. If the inflammation is dee

n be tender.Pustules: These pimples are red at the bottom and have pus on top.Nodules: These are large, painful, solid pimple
greasy foods do not cause acne in most people.

top acne. It can even make the problem worse. Try not to touch your skin: People who squeeze, pinch, or pick their pimples can

n lymph nodes Tender lymph nodes

e live virus vaccines.A rare, genetic form of acrodermatitis is acrodermatitis enteropathica. In this disorder, zinc is poorly absor
body. The infection is not contagious. Symptoms occur when the bacteria enters the facial tissues after trauma, surgery, or infe
body. The infection is not contagious. Symptoms occur when the bacteria enters the facial tissues after trauma, surgery, or infe

body. The infection is not contagious. Symptoms occur when the bacteria enters the facial tissues after trauma, surgery, or infe
body. The infection is not contagious. Symptoms occur when the bacteria enters the facial tissues after trauma, surgery, or infe

problems Chediak-Higashi syndrome; Causes white or hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. It increases susceptibility to in

e that do not contain enough protein High fever or severe infection Major surgery, major illness, sudden blood loss A number o
more men than women. About one-half of men begin to bald by the time they are 30 years old, and most are either bald or hav
gaining weight or have muscle weakness, intolerance to cold temperatures, or fatigue
our hair ? Do you blow dry your hair? How often? How often do you shampoo your hair? What kind of shampoo, hair spray, ge
ompression of the angioma on normal tissues. Bleeding: The walls of angiomas are very weak. Angioma's have a high risk of rup

h Skin sores (lesions) Vision problems

are several forms of aspergillosis:Pulmonary aspergillosis - allergic bronchopulmonary type is an allergic reaction to the fungus

ovements (nystagmus) late in the disease Premature graying of the hair Seizures Sensitivity to radiation, including medical x-ray
ment.Boys and girls are equally affected.

minor skin or nail injuryAthlete's foot is contagious, and can be passed through direct contact, or contact with items such as sho

cratching The type and location of the rash can depend on the age of the patient:In children younger than age 2, skin lesions be
istory of allergies such as asthma, hay fever, or eczema. People with atopic dermatitis often test positive to allergy skin tests.Th

and asthma Occurs in someone with a family history of eczema

brown patch that is rough and scaly
A person's risk of skin cancer is related to lifetime exposure to UV radiation. Most skin cancer appears after age 50, but the sun
rly. You should contact the doctor if you notice anything unusual. It also is important to follow your doctor's advice about how t
mage to the tissue below the skin. Stage IV: The pressure ulcer has become so deep that there is damage to the muscle and bon
bility (i.e. Alzheimer's)
ve spread to the blood or elsewhere in the body.
sores to red tender nodules. Brain: When Behçet's disease affect brain, it leads to headache, fever, disorientation, poor balanc
mune system protects the body from diseases and infections by killing harmful "foreign" substances, such as germs, that enter t
ommon in Middle East and Japan then in other race. It is rare in America.

in lumps Textured -- smooth, flat, raised, or wrinkled

are visible through the skin. They are most common on the forehead, eyelids, upper lip, between the eyebrows, and on the ba
ry mark, nevus vascularis, capillary hemangioma, hemangioma simplex) may develop several weeks after birth. Cavernous hem

ngioma was. Some cavernous hemangiomas disappear on their own, usually as a child approaches school age. Port wine stains a
nless sores that look like warts or ulcers. They may:Be grey to violet colored Bleed easily Occur in the nose or mouth
ia, and Africa.Being around infected soil is the key risk factor. The disease usually affects people with weakened immune system

eas May grow quickly May weep, ooze, or crustOther symptoms may include:Fatigue Fever General ill-feeling Itching before the

s Dark, carbon -stained mucus

nctions. Other causes include unsafe handling of firecrackers and kitchen accidents (such as a child climbing on top of a stove o
velop. These signs include increased pain, redness, swelling, drainage or pus from the burn, swollen lymph nodes, red streaks s
bicans increases, leading to a yeast infection. Some of these favorable conditions include:Antibiotics used to treat other types o

ck and the nape of the neck. Men get carbuncles more often than women.

with this disease:Hair loss at the site of infection Joint stiffness caused by swelling of the tissue over the joint Nausea and vom
 to cold, other individuals experience severe reactions. There is no exact timeframe over which cold urticaria can be said to go
exhibit redness and other symptoms.
ns, such as mycoplasma pneumonia and mononucleosis, oftentimes experience cold urticaria following their infection.Underlyi

may not be blisters on the skinNewborn infants with herpes that has spread to the brain or other parts of the body are often v
Some mothers may not be aware they have internal (inside the vagina) herpes sores.Some people have had herpes infections in

er chemicals. The reaction usually resembles a burn.Allergic contact dermatitis, the second most common type of contact derm
are exposed to sunlight (photosensitivity). These include shaving lotions, sunscreens, sulfa ointments, some perfumes, coal tar

problems in the area under it.Itching of the skin in exposed areas is a common symptom. In the case of an allergic dermatitis, itc
tra sensitive or allergic.Common allergens include:Adhesives, including those used for false eyelashes or toupeesAntibiotics su

against the shoe.Neither corns nor calluses are serious conditions.

e provider if you have continued symptoms of pain, redness, warmth, or drainage.

e found on the eyelids, ear, around the nose, and in the groin. Cradle cap may be seen in newborns and small children up to age

who have Hodgkin's disease. In people with a normal immune system, the lung (pulmonary) form of the infection may have no

mmonly form in skin folds.

s.The disease is rare in the United States, but is common in many developing countries.
 present with similar symptoms areHypothyroidism Sarcoidosis

o called athlete's foot) Groin area -- tinea cruris (also called jock itch) Scalp -- tinea capitisRingworm can spread easily from one

d fever (rarely >101°F 38.3°C), sore throat, difficulty swallowing, malaise, loss of appetite, and if the larynx is involved, hoarsene

des of tan, brown, or black, and sometimes patches of pink, red, blue, or white. D iameter: The mole is larger than about 1/4 in
kles, or red or blond hair have a higher risk of dysplastic nevi than other race. Immunosuppressive factors: Clinical surveys sugg

normal nails Abnormal or missing teeth Absent or decreased tears Decreased skin color (pigment) Heat intolerance Inability to s

e may be mistaken for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The symptoms are often quite general, but patients are sometimes sick e
chia chaffeensis. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) is also called human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). It is caused by th

l loss or deformed nails

pe of epidermolysis bullosa is complicated. Even within the main types listed above, there are many subtypes. For example, We

y high mortality rate.Secondary infection is common.

metrical)Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:Bloodshot eyes Dry eyes Eye burning, itching, and discharge Eye pain
multiforme minor is not very serious. Most erythema multiforme is caused by herpes simplex or mycoplasma infections. Erythem

elling of the leg or other affected areaThe red and inflamed skin symptoms may regress to a bruise-like appearance.
ng:Amoxicillin and other penicillins Sulfonamides Sulfones Oral contraceptives Other antibiotics ProgestinOther associated diso

) Swelling only around a sore or injuryNote: Symptoms often begin suddenly (within hours).

ay cause blisters, gangrene (blackened, dead tissue), and damage to deep structures such as tendons, muscles, nerves, and bon

athy, and Raynaud's phenomenon.

e symptoms may include:Confusion Fever Gas in tissues beneath the skin General ill feeling Low blood pressure Persistent or se

aches in the lower back, buttocks, thighs, or kneesGenital symptoms include the appearance of small, painful blisters filled wit
ring oral sex.Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is spread from one person to another during sexual contact. You may be infected with

or medication such as chemotherapy or steroids Menstruation Physical or emotional stress Trauma to the affected area, includi
nd the anus in those who have anal intercourse. Both males and females may have warts on the lips, mouth, tongue, palate, or
on around the genitals is common, although most people have no symptoms. Even if you do NOT have symptoms, however, you

and vulva. Possible Complications Some types of HPV have been found to cause cancer of the cervix and vulva. They are the ma

e that do not contain enough protein High fever or severe infection Major surgery, major illness, sudden blood loss A number o
more men than women. About one-half of men begin to bald by the time they are 30 years old, and most are either bald or hav
gaining weight or have muscle weakness, intolerance to cold temperatures, or fatigue
our hair ? Do you blow dry your hair? How often? How often do you shampoo your hair? What kind of shampoo, hair spray, ge

elopment of symptoms is about 3 - 7 days.

ausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Dark urine Clay-colored bowel movements Joint pain Jaundice (yellow color in the skin or eyes
s of blood on them One person’s blood coming into contact with open cuts on another person Needlestick injuries in the health
any years ago Recipients of donated blood, blood products, and organs (once a common way of transmission but now rare in th
and were exposed to blood through a needlestick or other sharp object injury You are infected with HIV
velop chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Of those: 60–70 people will go on to develop chronic liver disease 5–20 people will go

t who never had symptoms. Hepatitis D occurs in 5% of people who carry hepatitis B.Risk factors include:Using intravenous (IV)
for its own replication, inoculation with HDV in the absence of HBV will not cause hepatitis D. Alone, the viral genome indeed r

Malaise Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Fever Hepatomegaly Other less common features include diarrhea, a
women in their third trimester.Cases of chronic hepatitis E infection have been reported in immunosuppressed people. Reacti

eans it results from an abnormality in one of a few genes. Scientists have identified some of the genes involved. However, they

The rash may involve face, eyes, mouth, and ears.Additional symptoms may include:Abdominal pain Chills Difficulty moving som
to central or eastern United States Exposure to soil or particles contaminated with droppings of chickens, bats, or blackbirds P

fection can spread through the blood to other organs. This is called disseminated histoplasmosis. People who have a suppresse

ny substances can trigger hives, including:Animal dander (especially cats) Insect bites Medications Pollen Shellfish, fish, nuts, eg

8. When cancer develops, it may affect men and women. According to the CDC, HPV may be involved in different types of cance
re more likely to be infected by HPV, if you have:Sex at an early age. Many sex partners. A sex partner who has had many partn
oblems from HPV, such as cancers. Therefore it is important to keep regular check-ups with your physician in order to detect a
mptomatic, some patients may carry the virus and not know that they are infected. Accordingly, the prognosis will depend on t

cessive sweating affects the hands, feet, and armpits, it's called primary or focal hyperhidrosis.If the sweating occurs as a result

y be reduced after six to 10 sessions. After that, the person may need treatment once every one to four weeks.

other skin disorders.

n drugs, during pregnancy, or as part of an immune disorder.ITP affects women more frequently than men, and is more comm

th:Animal bites Human bites Injury or trauma to the skin Insect bitesImpetigo may also occur on skin where there is no visible b

al retardation Muscle spasms SeizuresPersons with IP may also have abnormal teeth, hair loss, and visual problems.

by:Allergic reactions Childhood infections (such as chickenpox or measles) Hepatitis Iron deficiency anemia Kidney disease Live
mosquito bite.Have the itching checked out as soon as possible if it keeps returning and does not have an obvious cause, you h
at.Lesions in gastrointestinal tract: The sarcoma may cause bleeding, anemia, abdominal pain and discomfort, even bowel obstr
(HHV-8). Kaposi's sarcoma has been linked to the spread of HIV and HHV-8 through sexual activity.People who have kidney or o
Middle Eastern descent have a higher rate of getting Kaposi's sarcoma.Gender: Men are much more likely to get Kaposi's sarco

hair openings (follicles). The condition is generally worse in winter and often clears in the summer.

g-term Eyes that appear to stick out (protrude) more and more Irritability Failure to thrive Fever Frequent urination Headache J
oughly 1 in 200,000 people each year. It is most often seen in children ages 1 to 15. The rate peaks among children ages 5 to10

ely to have body-wide symptoms that lead to death.

Adults usually have a fever for 2 weeks to 2 months, along with symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and appetite loss. Weakne

ng a skin sore. This form can lead to deadly complications. The parasites damage the immune system by decreasing the number

another cause), you may not feel pain, which commonly warns you of harm to your body. So, extra caution is required to ensu
ation, both forms produce sores on the skin, but the lepromatous form is most severe, producing large, disfiguring lumps and b
someone who has untreated Hansen’s disease are also at higher risk of contracting the disease, since they may have been expo

gle lesion or clusters of lesions, often at sites of skin injury Papule 2 - 4 cm in size Papules clustered into a large, flat-topped lesi

ronic) May be intense Increases with nervous tension, stressSkin lesion, patch, or plaqueCommonly located on the ankle, wrist,

denopathy in all or a few lymph nodes Metastasis Sarcoidosis Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Rheumatoid arthritis AIDS - g
 Gigantism Irregular, large patchy café-au-lait spots, especially on the back

many as one out of 20 children with measles gets pneumonia, and about one child in every 1,000 who get measles will develop

coughs, droplets spray into the air. The infected mucus can land in other people’s noses or throats when they breathe or put th

an, brown, or black, and sometimes patches of pink, red, blue, or white.D iameter: The mole is larger than about 1/4 inch, altho
kles, or red/blonde hair have a higher risk of melanoma than the other races.Immunosuppressive factors: Clinical surveys sugge

n in tropical climates

n are at increased risk. The infection occurs more frequently in winter and early spring.

fficult breathing. Ocular microsporidiosis presents with red painful eye and decreased vision acuity. Microsporidia can spread th
he cell, it multiplies and eventually ruptures causing the release of spores.

e rate of 97%. The quoted cure rate for Mohs surgery on previously treated basal cell cancer is about 94%. 1. Modern frozen se
s you have been digging or scratching at the lesions. The skin lesion commonly has a central core or plug of white, cheesy or wa
nlike herpes, these lesions are painless.

ever Flank (side) painSymptoms of skin (cutaneous) mucormycosis include a single, painful, hardened area of skin that may hav
clots that block vessels to the brain (thrombosis)Pulmonary mucormycosis (lung involvement) -- pneumonia that gets worse qu

is usually 12 - 24 days.Mumps may also infect the:Central nervous system Pancreas Testes
 urrounding skin. Severe infections may cause nail loss. Viral warts may cause a change in the shape of the nail or ingrown skin

) spots are the hallmark symptom of neurofibromatosis. Although many healthy people have 1 or 2 small café-au-lait spots, adu

dreds of tumors on their skin.Patients with neurofibromatosis have an increased chance of developing severe tumors. In rare c
se symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

terials from the blood (chelating agent) Blood pressure medications called ACE inhibitors

peated friction or pressure. Plantar warts, for example, can become extremely painful. Large numbers of plantar warts on the fo
eveloped warts. There is any change in the color or appearance of the wart.

d clothing, pets, tools, shoes, and other surfaces. These contaminated items can cause rashes in the future if they are not prop

rt attack Stroke Sudden blindnessGaint cell arteritis presents with:HeadacheJaw pain on talking or chewingPain or weakness of

s not turn white. This indicates that a pressure ulcer is starting to develop. Stage II: The skin blisters or forms an open sore. The

ease Having fragile skin Having urinary incontinence or bowel incontinence Not getting enough nourishment (malnourishment)
ve spread to the blood or elsewhere in the body.

h as lymphoma, multiple myeloma, polycythemia vera, melanoma, stomach cancer, CNS carcinoma or breast cancer. Disorders
olor of salmon) Raised and thickOther symptoms may include: Genital lesions in males Joint pain or aching (psoriatic arthritis) N
gger an attack of psoriasis or make the condition more difficult to treat:Bacteria or viral infections, including strep throat and u

ura (ITP) Immune neonatal thrombocytopenia (can occur in infants whose mothers have ITP) Meningococcemia

n your scalp, it is called dandruff in adults and cradle cap in infants.Other common causes of a rash include:Eczema (atopic derm
atment doesn't work, or your symptoms get worse
ntly? Have you had any change in your medications? Have you noticed a tick or insect bite? Have you eaten anything unusual o
sociated with other medical conditions are more likely to have pain or tingling in different fingers. The pain is rarely severe. The
tis and autoimmune conditions, such as scleroderma, Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, andsystemic lupus erythematos

called athlete's foot) Groin area -- tinea cruris (also called jock itch) Scalp -- tinea capitis
are often wet (such as from sweating) and from minor injuries to your skin, scalp, or nails.

nk or rose-colored, and has fairly small sores that are slightly raised. The rash lasts from a few hours to 2 - 3 days. It usually doe

k, and face Is pink or rose-colored Has small sores that are slightly raised The rash lasts from a few hours to 2 to 3 days. It usual

he itchy rash is an allergic response to the mite.

egins to peel. Some other common signs of scarlet fever are: A flush face with a pale area around the lips; A red and sore throat
me ill. The best way to keep from getting sick is to wash your hands often and avoid sharing eating utensils. It is especially impo

syndrome) and diffuse disease.Skin symptoms of scleroderma may include:Fingers or toes that turn blue or white in response t
e found on the eyelids, ear, around the nose, and in the groin. Cradle cap may be seen in newborns and small children up to age

The rash may involve face, eyes, mouth, and ears.Additional symptoms may include:Abdominal pain Chills Difficulty moving som

s appear as lines on the skin as the infection moves up an arm or leg. These sores do not heal unless they are treated, and they
inhale dust filled with spores of the fungus.
horns contaminated by the fungus.

es should seek help from a dermatologist immediately to ensure that it is diagnosed and treated as early as possible. Conditions
ancer, and may have a history of skin cancer in their family.Immunosuppressive factors: Persons who have been treated with i

dening of the skin on the legs and ankles (lipodermatosclerosis) A bumpy or cobblestone appearance of the skin Dark brown co

ays in the mouth and lips but also in the genital and anal regions. Those in the mouth are usually extremely painful and reduce
a, Mycobacteria, Hepatitis, and Streptococcal Infection.

hat over time become whitish and scarlike in appearance. The stretch marks may be slightly depressed and have a different tex

omach. The worms then move to the small intestine, where they attach to the wall. Later, they produce eggs, which hatch into

such as red skin that is painful to the touch), the skin damage is often permanent and can have serious long-term health effect
ng of the skin. Sun exposure can cause first and second degree burns. Skin cancer usually appears in adulthood, but is caused by
the sun's burning rays. Sun lamps can cause severe sunburn. Some medications (such as the antibiotic doxycycline) can make y
cessive sweating affects the hands, feet, and armpits, it's called primary or focal hyperhidrosis.If the sweating occurs as a result

y be reduced after six to 10 sessions. After that, the person may need treatment once every one to four weeks.
es Personality change, even psychosis Arrhythmias Abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting HematuriaImage courtesy of Professor
han people from other races.SLE may also be caused by certain drugs. For information on this cause, see Drug-induced lupus er

through families (inherited) and patients are born with naturally low levels of this enzyme. This condition also may be related t

rm, moist areas. Ringworm is more likely when you have frequent wetness (such as from sweating) and minor injuries to your

mptoms include:Increased sweating Itching

isting of hair Denying the hair pulling Hair regrowth that feels like stubble in the bare spots Increasing sense of tension before t

the vagina and anal canal. Plantar warts are found on the soles of the feet. Subungual and periungual warts appear under and a
peated friction or pressure. Plantar warts, for example, can become extremely painful. Large numbers of plantar warts on the fo

eveloped warts. There is any change in the color or appearance of the wart.

nly found in the groin, but may occur in the armpits or neck, most often at the site of the infection (bite or scratch) Pain may oc
gue are at risk of being infected from flea bites. Dogs and cats may also bring plague-infected fleas into the home. Flea bite exp
ection include:People who handle infected animals People are usually more at risk during, or shortly after, a plague epizootic P
observation. Preventive antibiotic therapy may also be given, depending on the type and timing of personal contact.

ain Muscle aches

as been linked with confirmed GBS cases, hence supporting the idea that Zika Virus is associated with GBS.

r or absent menstruation in girls Ambiguous genitalia or virilizing characteristics in girls, often appearing more male than female

DHT), patients with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency may not appear virilisation and experience male-pattern baldness.

o not commercially available currently. Pelvis ultrasonography: This is an painless test which uses sound waves to create a pictu

e one blood type form proteins (antibodies) that cause their immune system to react against other blood types. Being exposed

der the skin, and the teeth are the most common sites. Abscesses may be caused by bacteria, parasites, and foreign substances

food through the esophagus and other parts of the digestive tract do not work as well. (These contractions are called peristalsi

be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

o cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the
al risk of developing salivary gland cancers.

ious signs and symptoms.Common signs and symptoms of acoustic neuroma include:Hearing loss, often gradually - although in
come from a rarely genetical disease called Neurofibromatosis type II, that is responsible for two sided tumor.

mplication are seen when the tumor discovered in its primary stages when its really small therefore its more likely to preserve
space out. Overgrowth of bone and cartilage often leads to arthritis. When tissue thickens, it may trap nerves, causing carpal tu
plies, regulates the physical growth of the body. This cascade begins in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypoth
ed with:Birth defects that put pressure on the neck area Exposure to toxins, chemicals, or drugs Inflammatory conditions, such

, nagging cough that lingers for several weeks.

ngs can make bronchitis worse: air pollution; allergies; certain occupations (such as coal mining, textile manufacturing, or grain

ew days; but the wet cough may last up to several weeks.Should the cough last longer than a month, some doctors may issue a
control, or seizures. Leukemia also can affect other parts of the body such as the digestive tract, kidneys, lungs, heart, or teste

eatingOther symptoms that may occur with this disease:Indigestion Clay-colored stools Gaseous abdominal fullness Hiccups Sk
of the pancreas Complications of cystic fibrosis Genetic factors (hereditary pancreatitis) High lipid levels in the blood (hypertrig

he symptoms; prognosis is improved the earlier the disease is diagnosed and treated with antiviral medication.
r cold, you may also have the followings:Cough Decreased appetite Headache Muscle aches Postnasal drip Sore throat
gh schools or daycares. Colds can occur at any time of the year, but they are most common in the winter or rainy seasons.A col

tion, or dark tanning, covering exposed and nonexposed parts of the body; this darkening of the skin is most visible on scars; sk
y's own immune system. About 70 percent of reported cases of Addison's disease are caused by autoimmune disorders, in whic

nal restrictions. Routine care includes regular physician visits, avoidance of dehydration, and the use of extra medication during

ss or living in a dangerous neighborhood).On occasion, symptoms can be severe and the person may have thoughts of suicide o
eer and recreational opportunities can influence how well a person reacts to stress.A person's susceptibility to stress may be infl

hat suggest increased aldosterone production are the same as symptoms of low potassium and include:Increased thirst Muscle
ich can lead to male characteristics.The cause is unknown. About 2 people per million develop this type of tumor.

renomyelopathy:Difficulty controlling urination Possible worsening muscle weakness or leg stiffness Problems with thinking spe
 of disease:Childhood cerebral form -- appears in mid-childhood (at ages 4 - 8) Adrenomyelopathy -- occurs in men in their 20s

nt or estrangement from others Feelings of helplessness Feeling that the body is unreal Feeling that the environment is unreal

utrophils or granulocytes. A low neutrophil count (neutropenia) may also occur when white blood cells are destroyed faster tha
Initial infections can present sometimes with Flu like symptoms.FeversSweats (particularly at night),Swollen glands, chills, wea
ment used to prepare drugs for injection with someone who has HIV. From a blood transfusion or blood clotting factor that you

eveloping world, where the bulk of cases now occur.

ognitive complaints are common and are termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND).

ymptoms that can occur with this disease:Abnormally dark or light skin Agitation Bloody, dark black, or tarry bowel movements
utrients in the intestines. Malnutrition contributes to liver disease.Other factors that contribute to the development of alcoholi

t this disease, each of your parents must pass you a copy of the faulty HGD gene.

nary artery disease may develop earlier in people with alkaptonuria. Kidney stones and prostate stones may be more common i

op symptoms. There is more likely to be increased amounts of pollen in the air on hot, dry, windy days. On cool, damp, rainy da

l develop emphysema, often before age 40. Smoking can increase the risk of emphysema. Other patients can have higher levels

ness or withdrawal from social interaction Gray or pale complexion Inability to walk in a straight line, or to walk at all Shortness
am and reaches vital organs and tissue. Brain swelling may also occur (cerebral edema). This can cause confusion, coma, and, if

o not appear to work together Poor spatial acuity Low sensitivity to contrast Problems of binocular vision: Limited depth perce
velop normal vision, and therefore has trouble seeing details. It has been estimated to affect 1–5% of the population. Amblyop

mblyopia or strabismus is left untreated will grow into an adult who has poor or little vision.
nses (sight, smell, taste, hearing, touch). It only rarely affects bladder or bowel function, or a person's ability to think or reason.
ects approximately 5 out of every 100,000 people worldwide.

e diameter of the stool Pain in the anal area or inferior belly Itching or discharge from the anus A lump or swelling near the anu
the risk of anal cancer. Gender: Clinical data show women have a higher risk than men. Age: Like other digestive tract tumors, p
efecation with a lot of blood: This is the result of cancer invading the vessels of rectum or anus walls. An abundant of blood los

by decreased blood flow to the area.Anal fissures are also common in women after childbirth and persons with Crohn's disease

aracteristics, such as breasts develope. At the same time, they have sparse or absent hair in the pubic area and under the arms.
ypic expression, which ranges from a male phenotype with isolated infertility, to ambiguous genitalia, to a completely female e

e red blood cells. It gives red blood cells their red color. People with anemia do not have enough hemoglobin.Possible causes o

ng consciousness. Reflex actions such as breathing and responses to sound or touch may occur.
who have had a child with anencephaly, the risk of having another affected child is increased compared to the risk in the gener

s born with anencephaly.

s Restricted expansion of your chest Low fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Weight loss

with this condition are more like to have a peptic ulcer.

hat psychopathic personality (psychopathy) is the same disorder. Others believe that psychopathic personality is a similar but m

phasia may say, “You know that smoodle pinkered and that I want to get him round and take care of him like you want before.”
speak in a grammatically correct fashion) dysprosody (alterations in inflexion, stress, and rhythm) uncompleted sentences inab
 ss (malaise) Swollen lymph nodesPain decreases in 7 to 10 days, with complete healing in 1 to 3 weeks. Particularly large ulcers
ome cases, the cause can not be identified.

reaths, coughing, or sneezingOther symptoms of Appendicitis may include:Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Constipation or di
mmatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis Trauma to the abdomen.An inflamed appendix will likel

e appendicitis warrants speedy evaluation and treatment. The patient may have to undergo a medical evacuation. Appendecto

en bone General "wear and tear" on joints Infection, usually by the bacteria or virusUsually the joint inflammation goes away aft
h as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ankylosing spondylitis.Modifiable risk factorsOverw
-modifying drugs can affect the course of rheumatoid arthritis. An early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can make a differ

he lungs, exit up through the large airways of the lungs, and are swallowed back into the stomach and reach the small intestine

ss common.

degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change t
ight astigmatism will not notice much change in their vision. It is important to have eye examinations at regular intervals in ord

estrogen levels to drop and lead to atrophic vaginitis:Medications or hormones used to decrease estrogen levels in women, as

ty keeping attention during tasks or play Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly Does not follow through on instructio
Depression, lack of sleep, learning disabilities, tic disorders, and behavior problems may be confused with, or appear with, ADH

e of autism.People with autism may:Be overly sensitive in sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste (for example, they may refuse to
elatives of autistic children. Chromosomal abnormalities and other nervous system (neurological) problems are also more comm
ct the risk of autism.Some doctors believe the increased incidence in autism is due to newer definitions of autism. The term "a

k depends on the severity of the autism and the level of therapy the person receives.

)Risk factors are related to the causes.

er than 15 years.Type II: autoimmune disease (Addison's disease), thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, reproductive issues (hypogo

viruses: There are many different subtypes of type A influenza viruses. Usually, “avian influenza virus ” refers to influenza A vir

se in people. The H5N1 virus does not infect humans easily, and if a person is infected, it is very difficult for the virus to spread t

fied as acute, pain should last no longer than 6 weeks. Acute pain is the most common type of back pain.Chronic pain, on the o
are breaking down with age. As they deteriorate, they lose their cushioning ability. This problem can lead to pain if the back is s
nactive all week—are more likely to suffer painful back injuries than people who make moderate physical activity a daily habit.
your doctor may refer you to an appropriate specialist.It is also important to see your doctor if you have pain along with any of
minant low back pain.

exual activity plays in the development of BV. Women do not get BV from toilet seats, bedding, swimming pools, or from touch

also cause pain, swelling, and bruising on the back of the knee and calf. A blood clot may be dangerous and requires immediat

scle weakness in the arms, neck, and other areas is not as severe as in the lower body.Other symptoms may include:Breathing

taste, and excessive tearing in one eye. Most often these symptoms, which usually begin suddenly and reach their peak within
within the Fallopian canal and leading to an infarction (the death of nerve cells due to insufficient blood and oxygen supply). In

he symptoms may never completely disappear. In rare cases, the disorder may recur, either on the same or the opposite side o

asures for 2 months without relief

w or no weight gain
ed to their Caucasian counterparts.

secret. After this binge eating they often force themselves to vomit or take laxatives.

bout self or abilities) Very involved in activities Very upset (agitated or irritated)These symptoms of mania occur with bipolar d
full mania. Instead they experience periods of high energy levels and impulsiveness that are not as extreme as mania (called hy

olar disorder or think or talk about suicide need immediate emergency attention.

nds near the eyelid. This allows bacteria normally found on the skin to overgrow.

ations can cause bleeding during pregnancy. The causes may differ depending on your age.Characteristics of the bleeding can i

avoid catching their reflection (for example, throwing away or covering up mirrors) Constant dieting and overexercising Groom
d by chemical imbalances in the brain. A person with low self-esteem who has impossible standards of perfection judges some

mal development of new bone cells), are at increased risk of developing this cancer.Chondrosarcoma occurs mainly in older adu

tary retinoblastoma (an uncommon cancer of the eye) are at a higher risk of developing osteosarcoma, particularly if they are t
an be recommended for general use, doctors conduct clinical trials to find out whether the treatment is safe for patients and e
de:Fear of being abandoned Feelings of emptiness and boredom Frequent displays of inappropriate anger Impulsiveness with m

e" with a feeling like an iron grip around the rib cage. The colloquial names for the disease, such as'The Devil's grip' reflect this

ss of muscle tone Weak cry Poor feeding and weak sucking Respiratory distress Alertness, despite weakness
n wounds and produces toxin there. Infant botulism occurs when living bacteria or its spores are eaten and grow within the ba

tions of intra-abdominal surgery Decreased blood supply to the abdominal area (mesenteric artery ischemia) Injury to the abdo

the skull cannot expand, the mass may put pressure on delicate brain tissue. Infected material can block the blood vessels of t
 tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated a
such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells. The gliomas are divided into three types:Astrocytic tumors include

l for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as ea
at may increase the chance of developing a disease.Age: The chance of getting breast cancer goes up as a woman gets older. M

en survive breast cancer if it is detected while it is 2-5cm in diameter and has spread to axillary lymph nodes in the US (The Ame
most often during the reproductive years. Usually, they are not tender. Except in rare cases, they do not become cancerous lat
perform a breast self-examination You are a woman over age 40 and have not had a mammogram in the past year

e effort of breathing increases, parents may see the child's nostrils flaring with each breath and the muscles between the ribs r
ult, it can cause severe illness in an infant.Bronchiolitis is seasonal and appears more often in the fall and winter months. It is a

e you can feel pain in a different location than its source; this is called referred pain) Eating disorders Headache Hot, cold, or sw
much stress you are under How long and tightly you clench and grind Whether your teeth are misaligned Your posture Your ab
pproach, look for a massage therapist trained in trigger point therapy, neuromuscular therapy, or clinical massage.Dentists who

n move through the air. Anyone who breathes in these particles may catch the disease. An epidemic may be started this way. I

ic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases Infections Inherited (hereditary) or acquired problems with blood clotting Oral contra

gs a sense of relief.People with bulimia are often at a normal weight, but they may see themselves as being overweight. Becaus

mph nodes Rapid growth of the lymph nodes Unexplained swollen lymph nodes

Bursitis may occur at the knee or elbow, from kneeling or leaning on the elbows longer than usual on a hard surface, for exam
ut the week without improving.Methods of prevention in the U.S. have reduced the number of cases, but byssinosis is still com

Your diarrhea does not get better in 5 days (2 days for an infant or child), or gets worse Your child has been vomiting for more t

e thumb and next two or three fingers of one or both hands Numbness or tingling of the palm of the hand Pain extending to th
nger).In some cases no direct cause of the syndrome can be identified. Most likely the disorder is due to a congenital predispos

is a common cause of chronic swollen lymph nodes in children.

es, although one eye may be worse than the other. Many people with this condition have only mild vision changes.Other symp
and causes of cataract:Secondary cataract: Cataracts can form after surgery for other eye problems, such as glaucoma. Cataract

critical to a child’s normal growth and development can result in other problems, such as failure to thrive in infants, delayed gr

ition in which the glands that produce tears and saliva are destroyed

r when high levels of sodium in the body (hypernatremia) are corrected too quickly.This condition does not occur on its own. It

buzzing (also called pulsatile tinnitus) Headache May be in one area (localized) or the entire head May resemble a migraine hea
to the brain.

n s or other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A woman with any of these sympt
ese viruses are passed from person to person through sexual contact or skin to skin contact.Most adults have been infected wit
women of any age who have unclear Pap test results. If you are 30 or older, and your screening tests are normal, your chance
ay find that foods don't taste as good as they used to. In addition, the side effects of treatment (such as poor appetite, nausea,
th control or to latex in condoms Exposure to a chemical

occur after only low levels of exposure to the irritant over extended periods of time. This causes inflammation and may lead to

ed with intense itch.After one or two days, the blisters become cloudy and form scabs. The newly formed blisters occur in grou
uals remain contagious until all the blisters have turned into crusts.Most cases of chickenpox are observed in children younger

oint pain may persist for months.

Saint Kitts Saint Lucia Saint Martin (French) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Maarten (Dutch)In addition, travelers to Afri

pain or discharge Symptoms of PID, salpingitis, liver inflammation similar to hepatitis Vaginal discharge

and treated as early as possible.

f infection with the parasitic worm, liver flukes Primary sclerosing cholangitis Ulcerative colitisCholangiocarcinoma is rare. It occ
noma in some Asian countries.Exposure to thorotrast: Thorotrast, widely used as a contrast agent for x-rays until 1950s, was fo

n associated with shellfish, especially raw oysters.

in the liver Being fed through a vein (IV) Lymphoma Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Primary biliary cirrhosis Primary scle
omas. Maffucci's syndrome - a disease with multiple enchondromas and angiomas.

form mole, or molar pregnancy.Choriocarcinomas may also occur after an abortion, ectopic pregnancy, or genital tumor.

efore treatment began Choriocarcinoma occurred after a pregnancy that resulted in the birth of a childMany women (about 70
s may include:Low back pain Pain in the perineum or pelvic floor Pain with bowel movement Pain with ejaculation Testicular pa

lling Blue-colored lips from low levels of oxygen Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or the flu)
h as coal mining, textile manufacturing, or grain handling) Infections

s that feel full, swollen, and heavy Pain or discomfort under the arms Thick or lumpy breasts You may have a lump in the same
-fat foods cause their symptoms. But there is no clear proof of this.

ause of chronic diarrhea is necessary in order to select proper treatment and reduce the risk of serious complications.

hours after exercise that would normally be considered easy Feeling unrefreshed after sleeping for a proper amount of time Fo
rs in women ages 30 to 50.

should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
phocytic leukemia is more common in men than women.Race: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is more common in North Americ

the tic occurring.Tics may continue during all stages of sleep. They may get worse with:Excitement Fatigue Heat Stress
esteem is common with depression. It is also common to have sudden bursts of anger and a lack of pleasure from activities tha
e thyroid (hypothyroidism)Stressful life events, such as: Abuse or neglect Breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend Certain type
dications without talking to your doctor You think you should cut back on drinking, a family member or friend has asked you to

n lower legs (erythema nodosum) Sensitivity to light Weight loss Wheezing Additional symptoms associated with this disease: A
bation period -- the time between breathing in the spores and becoming sick -- is 7 to 21 days. Chronic pulmonary coccidioidom

en a child is learning his or her colors.Rapid, side-to-side eye movements and other symptoms may occur in severe cases.
ellow colors. People with blue-yellow color blindness almost always have problems identify reds and greens, too.Color blindne
being significantly shorter than the X chromosome), and females have two (XX); if a woman inherits a normal X chromosome in

ptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diag
matory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.Family history of colorectal cancer: The reasons are not clear in all cases. Inherited
urgently.Defecation with a lot of blood: This is the result of cancer invading the vessels of rectum or colon walls. An abundant

r cold, you may also have the followings:Cough Decreased appetite Headache Muscle aches Postnasal drip Sore throat
gh schools or daycares. Colds can occur at any time of the year, but they are most common in the winter or rainy seasons.A col

hers stay in the first stage.Stage 1 (lasts 1 - 3 months):Changes in skin temperature, switching between warm or cold Faster gro
o the nerve.CRPS is thought to result from damage to the nervous system, including the nerves that control the blood vessels a

crippling, irreversible changes.

tionally setting fires Lying to get a favor or avoid things they have to do Running away Vandalizing or destroying propertyThese
llion or boyish enthusiasm.Conduct disorder is often associated with attention-deficit disorder. Both conditions carry a risk for

ease in the past risk infecting themself and their unborn baby.
eeth Bone pain Blindness Clouding of the cornea Decreased hearing or deafness Gray, mucus-like patches on the anus and oute
ongenital syphilis.

en causes pale watery swelling of the conjunctiva and sometimes the whole eyelid. There is frequently a sticky mucus discharge
ough, sneeze, or runny nose. Indirect contact with objects that may have the infected person’s drainage on them (e.g. eye make
bies can contract ophthalmia neonatorum, a form of bacterial conjunctivitis when their eyes are exposed to the bacteria in the

ay tell patients the problem is all in their head. However, these conditions are real. They cause distress and cannot be turned o

es) may also lead to a corneal ulcer. Furthermore, a contact lens may damage the cornea as it scratches against the surface upo

the ability to make familiar, purposeful movements), Hesitant and halting speech, Myoclonus (muscular jerks), Dysphagia (diffi

gDevelopmental delay, mental retardation Sociable personalityTight Achilles tendons Abnormal curvature of the spine Assymet
ng a protein that helps control cell growth and division. Mutations that cause Costello syndrome lead to the production of an H

sidered as alternative diagnoses.

sion Vision lossOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of the

eiffer syndrome.However, most cases of craniosynostosis occur in a family with no history of the condition, and children with c

heimer's disease) because in CJD, symptoms progress much more rapidly. Both forms of CJD are distinguished by extremely rap
adic CJD makes up the majority of cases. It occurs for no known reason. Average age at onset is 65 Familial CJD results when a p

a translocation and passing this on to the baby.Most cases of cri-du-chat syndrome are not inherited. The deletion occurs most

tion.The syndrome runs in families (inherited). A child must get the defective gene from both parents to develop the severe for

ea, may cause draining of pus, mucus, or stools) Gastrointestinal bleeding Joint pain Kidney stones Liver inflammation Loss of ap
ss, white blood cells accumulate in the lining of the intestines, producing chronic inflammation, which leads to ulcerations and
eks. Croup that lasts longer than a week or recurs frequently should be discussed with your doctor to determine the cause.

en the ribs when breathing in) Struggling to breathe Agitation or extreme irritability Not responding to home treatmentDo NOT

weakened, and routine activities such as bending, lifting, or rising from a chair may lead to backaches and rib or spinal column
e body from rejecting the new organ or tissue. Other people develop Cushing’s syndrome because their bodies produce too mu

edy deletion and removal of all traces of the AFD. If you don't want people appending comments to the "closed" deletion revie

ften than men because their urethra is shorter and closer to the anus. For this reason, women are more likely to get an infectio
act Staying still (immobile) for a long period of time (for example, when you are recovering from a hip fracture)

h CMV infection develop a mononucleosis-like syndrome. CMV is a type of herpes virus. All herpes viruses remain in your body
about time or place Decrease in short-term memory and recall Unable to remember events since delirium began (anterograde a
mentia) Poisons Surgery

k mood changes Restlessness, excitement Sensitivity to light, sound, touch Stupor, sleepiness, fatigue Seizures Most common i
several months.Delirium tremens also commonly affects people who have had an alcohol habit or alcoholism for more than 10

s, such as trouble finding the name of familiar objects Misplacing items Getting lost on familiar routes Personality changes and
d vascular dementia.The following medical conditions also can lead to dementia:Parkinson's disease Multiple sclerosis Hunting

ease, multiple system atrophy, and several other disorders, which are referred to as the synucleinopathies.DLB usually occurs

nships Feeling very upset or helpless when relationships end Having difficulty making decisions without support from others Ha

of memory loss Fatigue Feeling upset, restless, and irritable Feeling worthless, hopeless, sad, or self-hatred Loss of interest or p
en they experience stressful events:Have low self-esteem Are very critical of themselves Feel little control over negative events
t improving or is getting worse Nervousness, irritability, moodiness, or sleeplessness that is new or getting worse Side effects o

less. The refrigerator may be empty or contain spoiled food. Not bathing or shaving as often. Visitors may notice smells of urine
and problems thinking clearlyElderly people often use alcohol to self-treat depression, but this may make symptoms worse.De
alth care provider.
using scissors, tying shoelaces, or tapping one finger to another)

smopressin can be taken by an injection, a nasal spray, or a pill. While taking desmopressin, a person should drink fluids only w

trol their diabetes. The condition may be brought on by:* InfectionOther illness such as heart attack or stroke Medications that

o grow in the intestine. Larvae are fully grown in 3 - 6 weeks. The adult worm, which is segmented, may reach a length of 30 fee

, aimless behavior and often speech that does not make sense.

low-fiber diets are consumed. The disease is rare in Asia and Africa, where most people eat high-fiber diets.Fiber is the part of

doctor may ask about bowel habits, pain, other symptoms, diet, and medications. The physical exam usually involves a digital re
oys genital tissue. Tissue damage may spread to the area where the legs meet the torso. This area is called the inguinal folds. T
sex.Men are affected more than twice as often as women. Most infections occur in people ages 20-40. The disease is rarely see

ntoin Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Penicillin and its derivatives Phenazopyridine (pyridium) QuinidineThere a

e 12By age 10, the person may need braces for walking. By age 12, most patients are confined to a wheelchair.
mptoms than are women. The sons of females who are carriers of the disease (women with a defective gene but no symptoms

lems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

e to arrange numbers from smallest to largest, or the opposite Unable to understand graphs

hour for 2 - 3 hours in a row) Bleeding lasts for more days than normal or for more than 7 daysOther symptoms caused by cha
female hormones made by your body go up and down. Estrogen and progesterone are two very important hormones.Ovulatio

n occurs at times other than menstruation, begins more than 5 days before your period, or continues after your period is over.
r concentrationPeople with dysthymia will often take a negative or discouraging view of themselves, their future, other people
elderly is often caused by:Difficulty caring for themselves Isolation Mental decline Medical illnesses
lm after a period of anxiety Talking about death or suicide, or even stating the desire to harm themselves Withdrawing from fri

lly blind tremor voice or speech difficulties, possibly with a hoarse voice Tiredness and soreness due to the excessive muscle co
also be symptoms of other diseases, some of which may be hereditary.About half the cases of dystonia have no connection to

en change for a person over time.

n as Ebola Reston, did not develop any signs of disease. The disease can be passed to humans from infected animals and anima
uding not picking up dead animals, found lying in the forest or handling their raw meat.Once a person comes into contact with
ding)Depression Eye inflammation (conjunctivitis) Genital swelling (labia and scrotum) Increased feeling of pain in skin Rash ove
cted to evaluate the risk of immunocompromised people or those with underlying diseases, to contacting the Ebola virus
ent may improve the chances of survival.
 al bleeding due to a rupture may lead to low blood pressure and fainting in around 1 out of 10 women.
opian tube to the uterus. This may be caused by a physical blockage in the tube by hormonal factors and by other factors, such

ars to less than 0.1%.

edema. The face has a ruddy complexion if there is a secondary polycythemia. Sufferers who retain carbon dioxide have asterix

nus) as opposed to centrilobular emphysema, which is caused by smoking. Panacinar emphysema typically affects the lower lu

e:Adrenal glands Ovaries Testicles ThyroidPrimary empty sella syndrome occurs when a hole in the membrane covering the pitu

tment (thoracentesis).

ack (occasionally) VomitingSymptoms in newborns and younger infants may not be as easy to recognize:Body stiffness Irritabilit
ses will occur in different locations. Many cases will tend to cluster in a certain season.Encephalitis caused by the herpes simple

turbance such as oppositional defiant disorder Conduct disorderWhatever the cause the child may develop associated shame,

mbination estrogen-progestin replacement therapy in post menopausal women, however, has not been shown to increase the r
ays or more Bleeding or spotting after 6 months or more of no bleeding at all

s can occur at the same time as other pelvic infections such as acute salpingitis, acute cervicitis, and many sexually transmitted

ures in the small intestine. Female worms then move to the child's anal area and lay eggs, usually at night. This may cause inten
ve symptoms.You can get exposed to the virus by:Having close contact with infected persons, such as touching or shaking hand

ession promote tumor cell proliferation, contributing to aggressive tumor behavior. High expression of epidermal growth facto

Orchitis usually develops 4 - 6 days after the mumps begins. Because of childhood vaccinations, mumps is now rare in the United
inary tract infections Surgery of the urinary tract (genitourinary surgery)

d the outcome can vary. Men who have had mumps orchitis can become sterile.
ural hemorrhage are:Confusion Dizziness Drowsiness or altered level of alertness Enlarged pupil in one eye Headache (severe)
en torn by skull fractures.This is most often the result of a severe head injury, such as those caused by motorcycle or automobil
Go to the emergency room or call 911 if emergency symptoms develop after treatment, including breathing difficulties, convuls

teria or viruses. Upper respiratory infections can lead to epiglottitis. Medicines or diseases that weaken the immune system ca

e water.Chest pain or chest burning sensation: Chest pain with swallowing may occur if the tumor is large enough to block the e
ocarcinoma of the esophagus. This is the more common type of esophageal cancer. Other risk factors for adenocarcinoma of th
ett's esophagus: Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the squamous cells that usually line the esophagus are replaced wi
ancer invading the vessels of esophageal wall.

sh:Taking steroid medications Having an HIV infection or AIDS Receiving chemotherapy for cancer or drugs to suppress your im

younger people, especially women under age 40.

 ost cases occurring in people in their 60s or older. But some types of lymphoma are more common in younger people. Gender
affected side Hyperacusis

walking Mental and social skills Secondary sexual characteristics (delayed in adolescents)
rom medical problems or factors in the environment, such as abuse or neglect.There are multiple medical causes of failure to t

d fever Joint pain Skin lesions that are red and swollen and range from 5 - 20 cm in diameter
an ancestry.

res, or stupor Any change in urine, such as oliguria, haematuria, or anuria.

the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.Hepatitis Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma

h the face, including:Narrow, small eyes with large epicanthal folds Small head Small upper jaw Smooth groove in upper lip Smo
ger amounts appear to increase the problems. Binge drinking is more harmful than drinking small amounts of alcohol.Timing of

son with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

nopause (transition to menopause) or postmenopause.

who are planning future pregnancies. Non-surgical uterine fibroid treatments include medications, uterine artery embolization,

19 is contagious during the early part of the illness, before the rash appears. By the time a child has the characteristic "slapped

r her physician for treatment. (The typical rash of fifth disease is rarely seen in these persons.) Once the infection is controlled,

ine.Because folate is not stored in the body in large amounts, you need a continual supply of this vitamin through your diet to m
ses with similar symptoms are listed in the following:Nodular goiter Thyroid adenoma Thyroid cysts Chronic thyroiditis

weapons. Hereditary conditions: Studies show people with certain inherited medical conditions such as Gardner syndrome, Cow
g in the testicles of mature males, and in cows, milk production can decline significantly. Though most animals eventually recov
uth disease", that occurs more frequently in humans, especially in young children; the cause, Coxsackie A virus, is different from
ours Pain in the back between the shoulder blades Pain under the right shoulderNotify your doctor if you think you have exper

wn-red or bloody fluid (serosanguineous discharge)Increased heart rate (tachycardia)Moderate to high feverModerate to seve
evelops suddenly. It usually occurs at the site of trauma or a recent surgical wound. About 1 in 5 cases occur without an irritatin

hese viruses are often found in contaminated food or drinking water. Symptoms of viral gastroenteritis usually appear within 4

to be rid of their own genitalsEither adults or children:Cross-dress, show habits typical of the opposite sex Withdraw from soci
h as breasts) of one gender privately identify more with the other gender.Some people may cross-dress, and some may seek se

s falling or staying asleep, and sleep that is often restless and unsatisfying Restlessness and often becoming startled very easilyA

s falling or staying asleep, and sleep that is often restless and unsatisfying Restlessness and often becoming startled very easilyA

is 7 - 14 days.
ay care centers.Anything that comes into contact with feces (poop) from infected humans or animals can become contaminated
may live (for example, untreated or improperly treated water from lakes, streams, or wells) Backpackers, hikers, and campers w

eases (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus, Immune thrombocytopenia) Drugs: Anti-thrombotic drugs use, like abciximab, eptifib

swollenLow-tension or normal-tension glaucomaNarrowed side vision in people with normal eye pressureCongenital glaucoma
angle. Anything that slows or blocks the flow of this fluid out of the eye will cause pressure to build up in the eye. This pressure
ns than in Caucasians. About four times more likely to cause blindness in African Americans than in Caucasians. Fifteen times m

s and treatment of an attack is key to saving your vision. Seek emergency care immediately if you have symptoms of an angle-c
rosis Goodpasture syndrome Heavy use of pain relievers, especially NSAIDs Henoch-Schonlein purpura IgA nephropathy Lupus

al activity.Red blood cell destruction can be triggered by infections, severe stress, certain foods (such as fava beans), and certai

n medications: Some drugs, such as immunosuppressants, antiretrovirals, amiodarone for arrhythmia and lithium for psychiatr

oms likeCellulitis Rheumatoid arthritis Septic arthritis Sarcoidosis

or Weight loss (rarely, weight gain)

e that causes the disease to be passed from one generation to the next. Scientists know that some people inherit an immune s

nt can become infected as he or she passes through the birth canal. In this case, babies become ill between birth and 6 days of

nfant can become infected as he or she passes through the birth canal. In this case, babies become ill between birth and 6 days

er percentile in weight. These children have normal body proportions and look younger than their peers. Growth hormone defi

, foot or hand pain, and clumsiness. If the inflammation affects the nerves to the diaphragm, and there is weakness in those mu
in.Guillain-Barré syndrome causes inflammation that damages parts of nerves. This nerve damage causes tingling, muscle weak
possibly unusually large numbers or “clusters” of GBS cases.

with or without vomiting Diarrhea Anxiety Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Altered mental status (confusion) Menin
hese infections are considered “invasive” and can be very serious and sometimes even deadly.

s, such as schizophrenia and psychotic depression Sensory problem, such as blindness or deafness Severe illness, including liver
911) if someone appears to be hallucinating and is unable to tell hallucinations from reality.
thyroidism. For those who do, the hypothyroidism may be subclinical —mild and without symptoms. Other people have one or
% of all adults in Western countries. Hashimoto's disease may, in rare cases, be associated with other endocrine disorders caus
searchers have found that excess iodine consumption may inhibit thyroid hormone production in susceptible individuals. Certa
d do not clear, chronic sinus infections that do not respond to treatment with antibiotics, bleeding through the nose, frequent h
hol alone.Other risk factors for cancers of the head and neck include the following:Oral cavity. Sun exposure (lip); possibly hum

hed staging systems for head and neck squamous cancers. These staging systems attempt to standardize clinical trial criteria fo

some cases, HELLP symptoms are the first warning of preeclampsia and the condition is misdiagnosed as:Flu or other viral illne

p.Early indications of hemochromatosis are often like those of other diseases and include the following symptoms:Fatigue (feel
ne develops the disease. Scientists do not know what percentage of people who have two copies of the mutated HFE gene deve
Scandinavia) have a higher chance of having the HFE gene mutation. Family History: People with a close relative (grandparent,

ell itself (intrinsic factors), or outside the red blood cell (extrinsic factors).Intrinsic factors are often present at birth (hereditary

output Pallor Seizures -- rare Skin rash that looks like fine red spots (petechiae) Yellow skin (jaundice)

ne.HUS is more complicated in adults. It is similar to another disease called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).

nts, with associated pain and swelling Blood in the urine or stool Bruising Gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract hemorrhage N
hilia. Thus, most people with hemophilia are male.If a woman has a defective factor VIII/ IX gene, she is considered a carrier. Th

ommon.Symptoms can include:Bleeding into joints and associated pain and swelling Blood in the urine or stool Bruising Excessi
most people with hemophilia B are male.If a woman has a defective factor IX gene, she is considered a carrier. This means the

of factor IX levels, factor transfusions (including the type and amount), complications, and amount of any inhibitors can be lifes
small hand movementsMore severe symptoms may include:Abnormal movements or shaking of hands or arms Agitation, excit
n the liver is damaged, these "poisons" may build up in the bloodstream.Ammonia, which is produced by the body when prote

his rare, noncancerous tumor has been linked to high rates of heart failure and death in infants. Infants are usually diagnosed b
n or distention Headache Breast development in males Dark urine and pale or clay-colored stools Fatigue Fever, usually low-gra
es of viral hepatitis in the United States are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Liver disease can also be caused by inherite

red bowel movements Joint pain Jaundice.Children younger than 6 years of age typically do not get jaundiced, while more that
month before symptoms) until one week after they become jaundicedOther common ways of acquiring Hepatitis A are:Direct

d get plenty of fluids and rest. One should check with their doctor before taking medicine which may harm the liver. Hepatitis c

the hepatitis B. This is called chronic hepatitis B. Many people who have chronic hepatitis B have few or no symptoms. They m
ajor routes of infection.The hepatitis B virus can survive outside the body for at least 7 days. During this time, the virus can stil
wise healthy adults who are infected will develop chronic infection 15–25% of adults who become chronically infected during

liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. People who have chronic hepatitis B can transmit the infection. They are con
contraceptive use (females) and long term anabolic steroids use (males).
ndrogenic steroids Metabolic syndrome Maturity onset diabetes of young (MODY) Obesity Clomiphene Familial adenomatous p
ases I, II and IV. Familial adenomatous polyposis

. Some children may not have symptoms until they are adults.Any activity or medical problem that increases pressure on the a

piratory system are caused because stomach secretions can seep up the esophagus and into the lungs while sleeping.Other he

the condition is severe, the newborn may fail to pass meconium or stool, and the newborn may vomit.Milder cases may not be

nstantly seeking reassurance or approval Having a low tolerance for frustration or delayed gratification Needing to be the cente

Initial infections can present sometimes with Flu like symptoms.FeversSweats (particularly at night),Swollen glands, chills, wea
ment used to prepare drugs for injection with someone who has HIV. From a blood transfusion or blood clotting factor that you
 eveloping world, where the bulk of cases now occur.
e ribs due to swollen spleen or liver Pain in lymph nodes after drinking alcohol Skin blushing or flushingNote: Symptoms caused
ay increase risk of developing Hodgkin's lymphoma is not clear. Some researchers proclaimed they had found certain changes

east 5 years.Patients who survive 15 years after treatment are more likely to later die from other causes, including complicatio
ers (arachnodactyly) Tall, thin build

lots. Clots can cause significant medical problems and shorten lifespan.

em breathe. This machine is also called a ventilator. This type of pneumonia is known as ventilator-associated pneumonia.Hos

py cough (often described as a "seal bark" cough) Fever Nasal flaring Rapid breathing (tachypnea) Shortness of breath Stuffy no
blows their nose near you You touch, kiss, or shake hands with someone who is infected by the virus You touch your nose, eye

at slowly gets worse, including:Loss of memory Loss of judgment Speech changes Personality changes Disorientation or confusi
r of repeats called a CAG repeat expansion tend to get larger. The larger the number of repeats, the greater your chance of dev

those with a large number of repeats may be severely affected at a young age.
plained weight lossSymptoms similar to preeclampsia that occur in the 1st trimester or early 2nd trimester. This is almost alwa
mole may develop into a choriocarcinoma, a fast-growing cancerous form of gestational trophoblastic disease.

ew parents. Occasionally, a hydrocele may be associated with an inguinal hernia. Hydroceles may also be caused by inflammatio

nts Changes in eye shape Double vision Changes in appearance of facial features or shape Trouble coordinating motor moveme
e known causes include the following:Causes of CSF blockage include:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) Tumors Genetic defects In-ut

ondition disrupts the body's ability to manage fluid.There are three main causes for this type: heart or lung problems, severe an

diminuta infections in humans.

e diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

r exercise without increasing the amount of food you eat, patients with diabetes may appear symptoms of hypoglycemia. Patie
u are also more likely to become farsighted.
octor immediately.

bed by the intestines and kidney. When the calcium level returns to normal, parathyroid hormone production slows down.Ther

ess or tingling of skin Osteoporosis, kyphosis Hypertension, arteriosclerosis, even heart failure

r surgery suggest the outcome of tumor recurrence in children with GH-releasing adenomas. The higher the GH levels are, the w
and infertility.

e until puberty or early adulthood. Obesity, hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels), and high levels of insulin are often also

ric oxide and heparin.

etic nephropathy may progresses to end stage stage renal disease.

mine their own body.Those who are affected may recognize that their fear of having a serious disease is unreasonable or unfou
that people with hypochondria do not purposely create these symptoms (malingering). They are unable to control the sympto

eases from central nervous system, patients may show symptoms of other hormonal deficiencies.Headaches Visual loss Galact

se symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

bone density tests ： These tests may also identify whether abnormal calcium levels have affected the strength of your bones.

.)Other symptoms include:Abnormal spraying of urine Having to sit down to urinate Malformed foreskin that makes the penis
min AThe following factors are also related to this condition:Addison's disease Chronic kidney failure Cushing's disease Hypopa

use can be found. The disease occurs most often in people between 50 and 70 years old.

onephritis).Risk factors include:A personal or family history of IgA nephropathy or Henoch Schonlein purpura, a form of vasculi

tis Kidney or lung disease Use of certain medications, especially narcotics

in infectionsSecondary immune hemolytic anemia: If the cause of antibody formation is a disease or medication.Idiopathic auto

he infant will need close monitoring of blood sugar levels.There is an increased chance that mothers with poorly controlled diab

the chance of Infant RDS. Most cases are seen in babies born before 28 weeks. It is very uncommon in infants born full-term (a

f, or periods when the brain or other organs did not receive enough oxygen.

rtility may be caused by:Autoimmune disorders, such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) Cancer or tumor Clotting disorders D

and vomitingThe main symptoms of Crohn's disease are:Crampy abdominal (belly area) pain Fever Fatigue Persistent, watery di
.The symptoms vary in severity and may start slowly or suddenly. Many factors can lead to attacks, including respiratory infecti

re patients are much more likely to survive.After treatment, the patient is usually switched to a lighter drug with fewer side effe
increase.The most prominent of the respiratory symptoms is usually a dry, hacking cough. Most people also develop a sore thr
y's sleep signals and don't try to sleep more or less than is refreshing for you.

aking insulin, even when your blood sugar drops too low.High blood insulin levels cause low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia).

tum.Over time, weight loss, muscle and joint pain, and fatigue are also present.People with advanced ILD may have:Abnormal
large groups:Those that have no known cause (idiopathic ILD). Those with an identifiable cause or that occur along with other

cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, and syphilis may also affect the weight of the developing baby.If the mother is small, it may b

her conditions. The condition may also occur in healthy premature babies who were born without injury. IVH may develop in fu

Symptoms of the conditions that cause iron deficiency anemia include:Dark, tar-colored stools or blood Heavy menstrual bleed
d by re-using iron from old red blood cells.You get iron deficiency anemia when your body's iron stores run low. You can get iro

(in the first year of life and in adolescence), when more iron is neededBabies are born with iron stored in their bodies. Because
to be tested earlier.
t performance in adolescents who have low levels of iron. Iron supplementation also improves the performance of athletes wit
in from the liver is unable to move through the digestive tract properlyJaundice is often a sign of a problem with the liver, gallb

the hypothalamus. During the procedure, blood samples are drawn before and after the injection of GnRH. Cranial MRI: This im

ious neurological complications, including brain damage and hearing loss.Kernicterus usually develops in the first week of life,

ctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. The conditions areUrinary calculiUrinary tract infe

eys demonstrate that kidney cancer has a close relationship with people who are very overweight. Workplace exposures: Clinic
dney stones are common. A person who has had kidney stones often gets them again in the future. Kidney stones often occur i

some. Usually, this occurs due to one extra X (written as XXY).Klinefelter's syndrome is found in about 1 out of every 500 - 1,00

, show normal hearing. Children may also appear to be autistic or developmentally delayed.The inability to understand languag

ave problems using language to express what they are thinking or need. These children may:Have a hard time putting words to
d language disorders are caused by a brain injury, and these are sometimes misdiagnosed as developmental disorders.Languag
language well:At 15 months: does not look or point at 5 to 10 people or objects when they are named by a parent or caregiver

ome. A bone age test: For children suspect Laron syndrome, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans can be used to det

ll percentage of patients (5%) will not be able to swallow and will need to be fed through a feeding tube.

often occurs with an upper respiratory infection.Several forms of laryngitis occur in children that can lead to dangerous or fata

ll percentage of patients (5%) will not be able to swallow and will need to be fed through a feeding tube.

en reported in children. Typically, the disease is less severe in children.

ines that suppress the immune system, including chemotherapy and steroid medications Older age

the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
 orkers, rice field workers, and military personnel Recreational activities -- fresh water swimming, canoeing, kayaking, and trail
happen by swallowing contaminated food or water or through skin contact, especially with mucosal surfaces, such as the eyes o

trained. It is unknown how the enzyme deficiency causes these problems.

trained. It is unknown how the enzyme deficiency causes these problems.

fatigue Confusion, especially in older people

neumonia)Pneumonia caused by bacteria tends to be the most serious. In adults, bacteria are the most common cause of pneu
cility Impaired consciousness (loss of brain function due to dementia, stroke, or other neurologic conditions) Recent surgery or
kes grunting noises or the area below the rib cage is retracting while breathing.
u take a course of antibiotics. However, it may take many weeks for your x-ray to clear up.

rome (Familial adenomatous polyposis) Li-Fraumeni syndrome Retinoblastoma Werner syndrome Nevoid basal cell carcinoma
most sensitive test for the diagnosis of liposarcoma. It could be a needle biopsy or surgical biopsy. In needle biopsy, the docto

ngitis.In adults, the disease may take many forms depending on what organ or organ systems are infected. It may occur as men
steurized (raw) milk and cheeses as well as other foods made from unpasteurized milk Cooked or processed foods, including ce
the developing baby. Infection during pregnancy can cause fetal loss (miscarriage or stillbirth), preterm labor, and illness or de

e than one type of bacteria is found.

se some of these symptoms. Anyone with such symptoms should see a doctor to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible
-tar cigarettes lowers the risk.However, lung cancer has occurred in people who have never smoked.Secondhand smoke (breat
or more information, see the NCI fact sheets Quitting Smoking and Secondhand Smoke.Radon: Radon is a radioactive gas that y
ctum (blood in the stools) Painful bowel movements (tenesmus) Swelling of the labiaThe infection can cause diarrhea and lowe

cases occurring in people in their 60s or older. But some types of lymphoma are more common in younger people. Gender Ov
The most common early sign is blurred vision in the center of the field of vision. As fewer cells in the macula are able to functio

esearch studies suggest a link between obesity and the progression of early and intermediate stage macular degeneration to a

ults in the loss of central vision only -- macular degeneration cannot cause peripheral vision loss.Nearly everyone with macular
eelings of hopelessness and helplessness Feelings of worthlessness, self-hate, and guilt Becoming withdrawn or isolated Loss of
cohol or drug abuse Certain medical conditions, including underactive thyroid, cancer, or long-term pain Certain medications su
work, school, or family life. You think that your current medications are not working or are causing side effects. Never change o

PDORGAN FAILUREAcute or chronic kidney disease Acute or chronic liver diseaseCONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASERheumatoid arth

normal temperatureFollowing an infective bite by the Anopheles mosquito, a period of time (the "incubation period") passes be
well as humans, which results in malaria transmission from animal to human ("zoonotic" malaria).Falciparum malaria, one of t
m (causes severe and life-threatening malaria) are at the highest risk of dying from malaria. People who live in African countrie

form, repeated periods of physical stress can cause mental retardation and high levels of leucine.

h available data that one person dies every 4 years from toxic seafood poisonings.http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinf

of hearing difficulty such as sitting too close to the television or being inattentive Clumsiness and poor balance Headache Lethar

clogging. Larger adenoids interfering with eustachian tube openings.

r than 6 months, let the doctor know right away if the child has a fever, even if no other symptoms are present.
brain abscesses (infections of the brain and bones around the skull) can lead to poor prognosis without treatment.Untreated m
 the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

apons. Hereditary conditions: Studies show people with certain inherited medical conditions such as Gardner syndrome, Cowd

ries.Mental or thinking abilities may still be present or may have been lost. Filling in the details with imagined events (confabu

should visit the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

hormones may play an important role in developing meningioma.

ningitis include:Fever and chills Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea Photophobia Severe headache Stiff neck Mental status changes,
ukemia, or other forms of immunodeficient diseases and immunosuppression. Cryptococcus is the most common fungi for thes

Night sweats Skin flushing Sleep disturbance (insomnia) Irregular bleedingOther symptoms of menopause may include:Decrea
vary from woman to woman.A gradual decrease of estrogen generally allows your body to slowly adjust to the hormonal chang

rrhosis of the liver, and systemic lupus erythematosus Pregnancy complications such as miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy (whe
eeding or spotting after menopause. You have bleeding or spotting between periods. You have nipple discharge, excessive hair

nt early in a child's life. In the case of mild retardation, these failures may not become recognizable until school age or later.Th

wel function Fatigue Weight lossMesothelioma that affects the pericardium can cause:Palpitation Cough or hemoptysis dizzines

mian virus 40 (SV40): Some lab studies reported that SV40 infection may cause mesothelioma.

eath Lack of energy

here are two types of this form of methemoglobinemia:Type 1 (also called erythrocyte reductase deficiency) occurs when red
s or estrogens Underactive thyroid (low thyroid function) Use of blood thinners (anticoagulants) Cancer or precancer of the cer

ein-Taybi syndrome Seckel syndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome Trisomy 18 Trisomy 21 These additional conditions may ind

umans, MERS-CoV has been found in camels in Qatar, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, and a bat in Saudi Arabia. Camels in a few other c

hat cause or aggravate the headache. Avoiding triggers may be helpful to decrease the frequency or severity of migraine. Some
cluding irregular heartbeat, pale or blue skin, extreme sleepiness, persistent cough, depression, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarr

evelops in the small number of infected people whose immune systems do not successfully contain the primary infection.Dissem

gh the menstrual cycle

secretions of an infected person, or direct contact with contaminated materials.

ous symptoms are:Lower levels of platelets and blood cells Rupture or hemorrhage of the spleen Airway obstruction Pneumoni
many people have been infected with the virus, prevention from exposure is near impossible.

morning sickness during one pregnancy does not predict how you will feel in future pregnancies.

form of Morton's neuroma, but treatment is similar.

re experiencing motion sickness. People who expect to be sick are likely to experience symptoms.
 gs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. These bacteria can float in the air for several hours, depending on the environm

ation or routines Getting lost on familiar routes Language problems, such as trouble finding the name of familiar objects Losing
have been injured due to a lack of blood. If blood flow is stopped for longer than a few seconds, the brain cannot get oxygen. B

on Muscle pain Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to the cold Unintentional weight loss Vision problems Weakness

er medical tests prove negative Extensive medical knowledge of many different illnesses Frequenting many different doctors, s
d to blame personal failures on external factors, such as illness.

ugh a vein) lines to make the child appear or become ill.These children are often hospitalized with groups of symptoms that don

y parents with Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

ar dystrophy (Duchenne) Myotonic dystrophyBotulism Organophosphate poisoning (insecticides, nerve gas) Paralytic shellfish

mine if it may be due to M. abscessus.

estinal or pulmonary conditions, the disease is rapidly progressive and fulminant.

ple who contract mycoplasma pneumonia have no identifiable risk factor.

 may develop as a result.The liver and spleen may try to compensate and make some of these blood cells, a process called'extr

to be muscular and well-developed. The child may not have symptoms of myotonia congenita until age 2 or 3.

iting and nausea The feeling of dizziness and being off balance generally come in attacks that last from minutes to hours. Other
balance and is filled with a fluid called endolymph. When your head moves, endolymph moves, causing nerve receptors in the m

on to people and surroundings, loss of balance, seizures, and hallucinations. After the start of symptoms, the disease progresse

ot) drinking water sources Soil Swimming pools that are poorly maintained, minimally-chlorinated, and/or un-chlorinated Wate

ngs of others, and have little ability to feel empathy Have obsessive self-interest Pursue mainly selfish goals

. They involve seeing or hearing, and possibly other senses.Sleep paralysis is when you are unable to move when you first wake

till in the hospital.

ll in the hospital.Those with a higher risk for this condition include:Premature infants Infants who are fed concentrated formul

win to the other.The extra RBCs can block the flow of blood in the smallest blood vessels. This may lead to tissue death from lac

the chance of Infant RDS. Most cases are seen in babies born before 28 weeks. It is very uncommon in infants born full-term (a

f, or periods when the brain or other organs did not receive enough oxygen.

nes) that lasts longer than 24 hours before birth Infection of the placenta tissues and amniotic fluid (chorioamnionitis)Babies w
 the most common sign in this category; trigeminal sensory and motor loss, cochlear dysfunction and optic neuropathy have al
es - when cancer cells lodge into small arteries causing local ischemia and blood vessel damage leading to spillage of neoplastic
en observed after resection of brain tumor (particularly piecemeal resection vs en-block resection) particularly tumors located

apy and other targeted therapies. For breast cancer, ER-positivity, lesser extend of initial disease and better performance statu
ing mucus or pink, frothy material Decreased alertness, drowsiness, confusionPatients may develop symptoms of acute kidney
ative Glomerulonephritis I & II. Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis (RPGN) SLE or lupus nephritis Syphilis and ot

quickly as children. Although it is unusual for the disease to return, at least one-third of adults whose acute nephritic syndrom

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranous nephropathy (MN). These diseases are considered to be " diagnos

Horner's syndrome: Drooping eyelid, unequal pupils, sweating, and red skin Difficulty breathingOther health problems may als

e patients may have repeated respiratory infections.Type C usually affects school-aged children, but the disease may occur any
e seen in the Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jew population.Niemann-Pick Type C occurs when the body cannot properly break

mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust Certain alloys, paints, pigments, and preservatives Products usin
able to have surgery.Stage I and II cancers have the highest survival and cure rates. Stage III cancer can be cured in some cases.

d tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.Coughing or shortness of breath may oc
s of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It is grouped according to how fast the cancer spreads.The cancer may be low grade (slow
n increased rate of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Certain infections such as T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-1), Epstein-Barr v

re centers, nursing homes, and hospitals. Decontamination of these places has proved to be challenging. Noroviruses are not r
people with OCPD experience feelings that they consider more appropriate, like anxiety or frustration.A person with this perso

r, this link is not clear.

tremely sensitive to even small doses of sedatives or narcotics, which can make their already inadequate breathing much worse

tiff-person syndrome (a condition that makes a person rigid and have spasms) Subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain

hose of other children around the same age and developmental level.The behavior must lead to significant problems in school
social factors.

ody fat, daytime sleeping and decreased memory and intellectual function.

nd pipes irritate the mucous membranes of the mouth. Use of chewing tobacco or snuff causes irritation from direct contact w

tions Having an HIV infection or AIDS Receiving chemotherapy for cancer or drugs to suppress your immune system following a
oral thrush. Antibiotics kill some of the healthy bacteria that help keep Candida from growing too much. People with poorly fitti

beta-hemolytic streptococci may also cause orbital cellulitis.Other causes include a stye on the eyelid, bug bites, or a recent eye

) Brain injury due to high blood pressure (hypertensive brain injury) Dementia due to many strokes (multi-infarct dementia) He
ll percentage of patients (5%) will not be able to swallow and will need to be fed through a feeding tube.

nfection. A bone infection can also start after bone surgery, especially if the surgery is done after an injury or if metal rods or p

e arm) Tenderness, swelling, or redness at the site of the tumor

y be risk factors of osteosarcoma. Inherited cancer syndromes: Syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and retinoblastoma m

r shampoos. Lack of earwax from excessive cleaning. Prolonged exposure to excessive humidity. A weakened immune system i
kened immune system. Elderly women between 65 and 74 years old.

evision or being inattentive Clumsiness and poor balance Common cold symptoms
n) Changes in altitude or climate Cold climate Exposure to smoke Genetic factors (susceptibility to infection may run in families

doctor know right away if the child has a fever, even if no other symptoms are present.
may lead to permanent hearing impairment due to persistent fluid in the middle ear reducing a child's hearing. Children who h

early to mid-adulthood. It is more common in women than in men. The condition may affect one or both ears. Risks for this con

ng, flying, or driving in the mountains until you have healed. If surgery does not work, you may have total hearing loss. Treatme
d treated as early as possible.
pregnancy. Personal history of breast cancer: Studies show the person who has the history of breast cancer has higher risk of d

trual period Pain with intercourse or pelvic pain during movement Pelvic pain: constant, dull aching Sudden and severe pelvic p
varian cysts are somewhat common, and are more common during a woman's childbearing years (from puberty to menopause

d if found and treated early

(ovulation).You may be more likely to get OHSS if your doctor gives you an injection of a hormone called human chorionic gon

ncreas normally flow through this duct.If the ducts fail to join together while the baby is developing in the womb, pancreas divi

Only a doctor can diagnose the cause of a person's symptoms. Anyone with these symptoms should see a doctor so that the d
dies have found the following risk factors:Age -- The likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer increases with age. Most pancre
uid in the abdomen. Lab tests -- The doctor may take blood, urine, and stool samples to check for bilirubin and other substance
.People with panic disorder have at least four of the following symptoms during an attack:Chest pain or discomfort Dizziness or
hey are older.

hey will be exploited by others Inability to work together with others Social isolation Detachment Hostility

d Feeling tense, suspicious, guarded, and reserved "Hearing things" (auditory hallucinations)Paranoid schizophrenia usually doe

bed by the intestines and kidney. When the calcium level returns to normal, parathyroid hormone production slows down.Ther

monly lowest in the morning, reaching a peak in late afternoon or evening. Untreated, the disease can last for a month. The seri

atient can not move an arm or leg normally and feel pain in the limb. Decrease in facial expressions: This appearance is cause b

ance imaging), and positron emission computerized tomography (PET): These images can also be used to help doctors confirm o
mall lower jaw (micrognathia) Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)

hing or bedding of someone who has lice Share hats, towels, brushes, or combs of someone who has had liceHaving head lice d

out vomiting No menstruation Painful sexual intercourseNote: There may be no symptoms. People who experience an ectopic
e procedures, such as:Childbirth Endometrial biopsy Insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) Miscarriage Therapeutic or electiv

uch as a powerful slap or explosion) Inserting cotton-tipped swabs or small objects into the ear to clean them

build up at the base of the teeth. Inflammation causes a pocket to develop between the gums and the teeth, which fills with p

en you step on something sharp. You may not notice when touch something that is too hot or cold, like the water in a bathtub.
B12 Metabolic disease Poisoning due to heavy metals, such as lead Poor blood flow to the legs Underactive thyroid glandOthe

ss in the feet can lead to skin sores that do not heal. Rarely, numbness in the feet may lead to amputation. There is no cure for
t for a longer time may cause:Confusion or change in mental status (dementia) in severe or advanced cases Depression Loss of
tomach does not make enough intrinsic factor, the intestine cannot properly absorb vitamin B12.Very rarely, infants and childr

an half of infants less than 1 year of age who get the disease must be hospitalized. About 1 in 20 infants with pertussis get pneu

diphtheria and pertussis. If you have whooping cough, treatment with antibiotics may help if given early.

ll percentage of patients (5%) will not be able to swallow and will need to be fed through a feeding tube.

ths. The illness often spreads among family members.

subject of the phobia. This type of avoidance can interfere with job and social functioning.The person may feel weak or cowar
different social settings. The changes in behavior continue to get worse and are often one of the most disturbing symptoms of t
n found that can cause Pick’s disease. Many cases of Pick's disease are passed down through families.Pick's disease is rare. It ca

a lack of the hormone prolactin.Over time, problems with other pituitary hormones may develop, causing symptoms of the fol

ding may not occur until after labor starts.

partly or completely covering this opening. This is called a previa.There are different forms of placenta previa:Marginal: The plac

hich can cause the baby to die, occurs only in about 1 out of 800 to 1,600 deliveries.
number of past deliveries Older mother Premature rupture of membranes (the bag of water breaks before 37 weeks into the p
ndition that threatens the life of both the mother and baby.
m mild to severe.

he AIDS epidemic. Before the use of preventive antibiotics for the condition, most people in the United States with advanced AI

fatigue Confusion, especially in older people

neumonia)Pneumonia caused by bacteria tends to be the most serious. In adults, bacteria are the most common cause of pneu
cility Impaired consciousness (loss of brain function due to dementia, stroke, or other neurologic conditions) Recent surgery or
kes grunting noises or the area below the rib cage is retracting while breathing.
u take a course of antibiotics. However, it may take many weeks for your x-ray to clear up.
re (hypotension)
cigarettes, high altitude hiking, and flying.

ain and spinal cord), and is divided into nonparalytic and paralytic forms. It may occur after recovery from a subclinical infectio
mptoms of disease (incubation) ranges from 5 - 35 days (average 7 - 14 days).
ncidence of the disease has been greatly reduced. Polio has been wiped out in a number of countries. There have been very few
n increases the risk of breathing problems.
h cholesterol Hypertension Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair Patches of thickened and dark brown or black skin on the ne
lems using insulin so that too much insulin is in the body. Excess insulin appears to increase production of androgen. This horm

omen with PCOS have greater chances of developing several serious, life-threatening diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardio
her health problems.
ePolyhydramnios may also be related to increased fluid production, which occurs with:Certain fetal lung disorders Multiple ges

with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with portal hypertension. They are the leading causes of death among patien
e to remember important aspects of the trauma Having a lack of interest in normal activities Showing less of your moods Avoid
ical, genetic, physical, and social factors are involved. PTSD changes the body's response to stress. It affects the stress hormone
your doctor for help with problems such as repeated upsetting thoughts, irritability, and problems with sleep.

egative feelings toward the baby Significant anxiety Thoughts of death or suicide Trouble sleepingA mother with postpartum de
s, and restlessness are common in the week or two after pregnancy. These feelings are often called the postpartum or baby blu
pregnancy or delivery, including personal illness, death or illness of a loved one, a difficult or emergency delivery, premature de
r seeing things that other people cannotDo not be afraid to seek help immediately if you feel overwhelmed and are afraid that

food and will do almost anything to get it. This results in uncontrollable weight gain and morbid obesity. Morbid obesity may l

clitoris (female infant) Problems breathing due to immature lungs (neonatal respiratory distress syndrome) or pneumonia Lowe
abor. Examples are:Diabetes Heart disease Infection (such as a urinary tract infection or infection of the amniotic membrane) K
m labor and a premature delivery more likely include:African-American ethnicity (not related to socioeconomic status) Age (yo

re an infant and the smaller the birth weight, the greater the risk of complications. However, it is impossible to predict a baby's
chest pain.Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these s
ses may damage the genetic material in cells and hasten ovarian failure. Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases may cau

ps Fatigue or low energy Feeling of sadness or hopelessness, possible suicidal thoughts Feelings of tension or anxiety Feeling ou
ne Having a mother with a history of the disorder Lack of exercise

tom diary for at least 3 months. It will help your doctor make an accurate PMS diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatmen
s Who have at least one child With a personal or family history of major depression With a history of postpartum depression or

ed infection, chemicals, radiation, or unusual pollutants. Call your health care provider if you are currently pregnant and you d
these symptoms. Symptoms of presbycusis may be like symptoms of other medical problems.
older. Your genes and loud noise (such as from rock concerts or music headphones) may play a large role.The following factors

g the olfactory nerve, through a bony plate in the skull called the cribriform plate, where it reaches the brain and begins to des
males and children. The reason for this distribution pattern is unclear but may reflect the types of water activities (such as divin

s or mouth) Thyroid disease

d tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.Coughing or shortness of breath may oc
s of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It is grouped according to how fast cancer spreads.cancer may be low grade (slow-growin
n increased rate of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Certain infections such as T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-1), Epstein-Barr v

make back previous losses Having had many unsuccessful attempts to cut back or quit gambling Losing a job, relationship, or ed
mbling habit. Stressful situations can worsen gambling problems.

ovements Speech difficultiesLow voice volume Poor ability to speak clearly (enunciate) Slow speechStiffness and rigid moveme
to the brain cells is unknown. The disease gets worse over time.People with this condition have deposits in brain tissues that lo

so cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that p

n Japanese men living in Japan (this benefit is lost after one generation of living in the U.S.) and those who do not eat meat (veg

oms that may occur with this condition:Pain or achiness in the abdomen above the pubic bone, in the lower back, in the area be
er common bacteria usually cause prostatitis. This type of prostatitis may occur after:Epididymitis Urethritis Urinary tract infec
s. The prostate gland may become blocked, making it easier for bacteria to grow. Symptoms of chronic prostatitis can be very s

ts with pseudo-Cushing's syndrome may show elevated levels of serum cortisol in the morning and evening and the morning le

eck, and short hand bones Calcium deposits under the skin Dimples that can replace knuckles on affected fingersDiseases with
normal genes. All forms of pseudohypoparathyroidism are very rare.Type Ia is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Tha

ildren. It is most often seen in people who are in the hospital. However, it is becoming more common in people who take antib
122 centimeters)

of epilepsy StrokePsychosis is also part of a number of psychiatric disorders, including:Bipolar disorder (manic or depressed) De

nce Barium x-ray: reveals a swollen stomach and narrowed pylorus

ncubation period. Most people may have no symptoms; others may have moderately severe symptoms similar to the flu. If sym

ble to breathe without help.

ns of encephalitis; spasms of swallowing muscles can be stimulated by the sight, sound, or perception of water (hydrophobia);

ptoms get better within 2 - 3 weeks after radiation treatment ends. This is called acute radiation enteritis.When symptoms bec

ent disorder.Children who are adopted from foreign orphanages are commonly affected, particularly if they were removed from

BRF) is transmitted by body lice and is most common in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. The bacteria species assoc
e developing world. It is currently seen in Ethiopia and Sudan. Famine, war, and the movement and groups of refugees often re
 symptoms should tell his/her doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.Diseases with sim
renal cell carcinoma has a close relationship with people who are very overweight.Workplace exposures: Clinical studies have

surgery, nearsightedness, a family history of retinal detachment, uncontrolled diabetes, and trauma.
nerative myopia, or lattice degeneration Have had an eye injury
after multiple attempts at repair, treatment sometimes fails and vision may eventually be lost.Visual results are best if the retin

rring may result from:Endometriosis Pelvic inflammatory disease Salpingitis Pelvic surgery

cognitive skills in those with Rett syndrome, however, is difficult because of the speech and hand motion abnormalities) Scolios
econd X chromosome to make up for the problem. Therefore, the defect usually results in miscarriage, stillbirth, or very early d

nge, while others are delayed, don't learn to walk independently at all, or don't learn to walk until late childhood or early adole

broken down, they make bilirubin. This causes an infant to become yellow (jaundiced). The level of bilirubin in the infant's bloo

itis can be triggered by the following:Dry air Cold air Alcohol intake Spicy food Strong emotions Infection- such as common cold

same as those of acute sinusitis, but tend to be milder and last longer than 8 weeks.Symptoms of Rhinosinusitis in children inc
e sinuses, which help move mucus out, do not work properly due to some medical conditions. Colds and allergies may cause to

r sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the paediatrician so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated a

create a picture of the internal organs. Because tumors generate different echoes of sound waves than normal tissue, the docto

ly patients, the associated dehydration can become severe and life-threatening. The diarrhea may be so severe that the patien
h animal feces. Contaminated foods usually look and smell normal. Contaminated foods are often of animal origin, such as beef

re more likely to have a severe illness.

ay be several months before their bowel habits are entirely normal. A small number of persons with Salmonella develop pain in
t urination, painful urination (dysuria), and blood in the urine (hematuria).
clude the bladder, rectum, intestines, liver, portal venous system (the veins that carry blood from the intestines to liver), spleen

ergy Disorganized speech that is not logical False beliefs (delusions), such as thinking someone is trying to harm you (paranoia)

r do not improve with treatment Thoughts of suicide or of harming others

ness continues, problems with thinking, emotions and behavior develop, including:Lack of emotion (flat affect) Strongly held be
ater in life. It tends to begin later in women, and is more mild.Childhood-onset schizophrenia begins after age 5. Childhood sch

Group homes or other long-term, structured places to live may be needed.Symptoms will return if a person with schizophreni
hem from having relationships.People with schizotypal personality disorder feel upset by their difficulty in forming and keeping
llmarks of psychosis. People with schizotypal personality disorder do not usually have psychotic symptoms.Between 30% and 5

with a genetic disorder called neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF 2). Half of affected individuals have inherited the disorder from an a
g down o Worse when standing up o Worse when coughing, sneezing, straining, or lifting (Valsalva maneuver) o With nausea or
ting in a tumor. Scientists also think that this gene may help control the growth of other types of tumors. In neurofibromatosis t

rgic movement Social withdrawal Unhappiness and irritability

by the intestines and kidney.Medical conditions that cause low blood calcium levels or interfere with the body's ability to break

m, leg, or trunk Vision changes, including seeing flashing lights Rarely, hallucinations (seeing things that aren't there) Falling, loss
rhages. An MRI can quickly confirm or reject this as a cause. Head injury may cause non-epileptic post-traumatic seizures or po

h may increase their risk for similar problems. This condition is most common in children under age 5.This syndrome is not the

kers are present. After this time, lack of familiarity often produces fear because the infant recognizes that something unusual is

pressure Rapid heart beat Shaking Skin rash Warm skin

common sites of infection include intravenous lines, surgical wounds, surgical drains, and sites of skin breakdown known as be
 the infected joint (pseudoparalysis) Intense joint pain Joint swelling Joint redness Low feverChills may occur, but are uncommo
ch is less common) is caused by organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans.
ose younger than 3 years. The hip is often the site of infection in infants. Septic arthritis is uncommon from age 3 to adolescenc

s responsible for most of the early cases of SARS, evidence began to mount that SARS might also spread by hands and other ob

the epidemic within their own countries. All nations must be vigilant, however, to keep this disease under control. Viruses in th
n be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

the development of some subtypes of stromal ovarian tumors. Preterm birth is risk factor for the developement.

ng childbirth and Sheehan's syndrome include multiple pregnancies (twins or triplets) and problems with the placenta, the orga

an spread from an infected person to contaminate water or food, or directly to another person. Getting just a little bit of the Sh

both sides of the jaw. Two sublingual glands are under the floor of the mouth.

cks of abdominal pain Bone pain Breathlessness Delayed growth and puberty Fatigue Fever Paleness Rapid heart rate Ulcers on
essels, and break into pieces that interupt healthy blood flow.Sickle cell anemia is inherited from both parents. If you inherit th

ti-tuberculous agents, antibiotics, progesterone, chelators, busulfan) Hypothermia

chest lymph nodes. This disease may cause people to have trouble breathing.Accelerated silicosis -- occurs after exposure to la
 leep, intermittent wakefulness and early-morning awakening. Episodes may come and go (be transient), last as long as 2 to 3 w

epression is a common cause of sleep problems in people of all ages) Neurological conditions Pain caused by diseases such as a

des seem to occur more often in people with:Anxiety disorders Bipolar illness Depression Post traumatic stress disorderRarely,
s to include anemia, endocrine, cardiac, and kidney dysfunctions. The second stage, called the neurological phase, begins when
by a headache, fever, and weakness. Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis) may develop. In addition to the bite of the tsetse

se tumors often spread rapidly (metastasize) to other parts of the body, including the brain, liver, and bone.

ith any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
mors often spread rapidly (metastasize) to other parts of the body, including the brain, liver, and bone.
ople who work with asbestos have a higher risk of developing lung cancer, especially for small cell carcinoma of the lung.

because the cancer wastes your energy.Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure.
nd gluten-sensitive enteropathy. As an immune system disease, the body makes antibodies that attack the lining of the intestin
large vitamin pill) which contains a light source and a very small camera. After swallowed, the capsule goes through the small i

ends.Although many people with social phobia realize that their fears about being with people are excessive or unreasonable, t

iagnosed and treated as early as possible.

are complication of chronic lymphedema that is the result of damaged lymph system.Inherited conditions: Some inherited con
pful for determining the stage of the cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option. CT scans can also b

der has a history of abuse.As researchers learn more about the connections between the brain and body, there is more eviden

part of the pelvis called the sacral area Dimpling of the sacral area
nal canal. This causes the spinal cord and meninges (the tissues covering the spinal cord) to stick out of the child's back.Myelom
 ny patients with myelomeningocele primarily use a wheelchair.

back of the calf or sole of the foot. The affected leg may feel weak. With a cervical (neck) disc herniation, you may have pain wh
n and space between your vertebrae. These discs may herniate (move out of place) or rupture from trauma or strain. When thi
reases your risk of disc herniation. Men taller than 5 feet 11 inches (180 centimeters) and women taller than 5 feet 7 inches (17

sly recover after this period; others develop signs of central nervous system infections, including stiff neck, confusion, disorient

ea and vomiting - This is also because of the affect of the lump. It disturbs the normal digestive functions. Vomiting blood - Som
Studies have found a number of factors that may increase the risk of stomach cancer. In recent years, scientists point out that H
his is the result of the cancer invading the vessels of the gastric wall. An abundant amount of blood loss may lead to shock and d

ash. This occurs in only some strains of the bacteria.

start using it after no longer being contagious but before finishing antibiotics. Bacteria can stay on the toothbrush and pose a r
se when you breathe deeply or cough
monia).Pneumonia caused by bacteria tends to be the most serious kind. In adults, bacteria are the most common cause of pneu
onditions) Living in a nursing facility Other serious illnesses, such as heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or diabetes mellitus Recent su

ake a course of antibiotics. However, it may take many weeks for your x-ray to clear up.
near drowning Heat stroke Very low body temperature (hypothermia)Heart or breathing problems, such as:Abnormal heart rh

entences, phrases, or words, often with the lips together Putting in (interjecting) extra sounds or words (We went to the...uh...s
hat stuttering may be a result of some brain injuries, such as stroke or traumatic brain injuries.Stuttering may rarely be caused

c decrease that followed the nationwide measles immunization program. However, in some countries like India, over 20 cases

eparated sutures (the areas where growing skull bones join)

noticed for many days to weeks, and are called chronic subdural hematomas. With any subdural hematoma, tiny veins betwee
itation is sometimes needed to assist the person back to his or her usual level of functioning.There is a high frequency of seizur
multiple human infections, and, although no community outbreak resulted, there was antibody evidence of virus transmission

ssion through coughing or sneezing of people infected with the influenza virus. People may become infected by touching some
mong this group. Additional studies suggest that one to three health care personnel who had contact with the patient develop

of infection with swine influenza viruses.

ared. The source of the virus, the exact time of its introduction into Fort Dix, and factors limiting its spread and duration are un

the feet. Sores called mucous patches may develop in or around the mouth, vagina, or penis. Moist, warty patches may develo
ith men. Young adults ages 15 - 25 are the highest-risk population. People have no natural resistance to syphilis.Because people

read alone or in groups, and can pass out with the stool or through the anus.Adults and children with pork tapeworm can infec

adolescent pregnancies occur in this age group.

nd child within 2 years of their first child.Infants born to teenage mothers are at greater risk for developmental problems. Girls
oss (more than 5% of total body weight)Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:Bleeding gums Face pain Hearing los
onse. The disorder has been associated with severe infections and the use of high doses of antibiotics.The disorder may develo

ches usually do not cause nausea or vomiting.People with tension headaches tend to try to relieve pain by massaging their sca
ainkillers.Tension headaches occur when neck and scalp muscles become tense, or contract. The muscle contractions can be a r
ts from medication, including irregular heartbeat, pale or blue skin, extreme sleepiness, persistent cough, depression, fatigue, n

hese symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

e way it feels A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum A dull ache in the lower abdomen, back, or groin A sudden collection of fluid

te has more than doubled among white men in the past 40 years, but has only recently begun to increase among black men. Th
sure tumor marker levels. They also have regular x-rays and computed tomography, also called CT scans or CAT scans (detailed

s may occur frequently and last for several minutes with the body shaped into a characteristic form called opisthotonos. Spasm
ndospore into the wound. An endospore is a non-metabolizing survival structure that begins to metabolize and cause infection
 emia have small red blood cells (which are identified by looking at their red blood cells under a microscope), but no symptoms
f African descent.Beta thalassemia occurs when similar gene defects affect production of the beta globin protein. Beta thalasse

n the bone marrow (very rare) Myelodysplastic syndrome (bone marrow does not make enough blood cells or makes defective

for several weeks Weakness Difficulty breathing Uncoordinated movement

nd pipes irritate the mucous membranes of the mouth. Use of chewing tobacco or snuff causes irritation from direct contact w

between the tonsils and the voicebox (larynx).Tonsillitis is extremely common, particularly in children.

ad of illness.

ng Jumping Kicking Repeated throat clearing or sniffing Shoulder shruggingTics may occur many times a day, but they tend to im
me can be either severe or mild. About 10% of Americans have a mild tic disorder. Far fewer people have more severe forms of
adache Retinal inflammation that causes blurred vision SeizuresFor symptoms in babies born with the condition, see congenita
une systems. The infection may also be passed from an infected mother to her baby through the placenta.

out the tongueThe tics often look like nervous behavior. Tics appear to get worse with stress and do not occur during sleep.Sou

bladder and bowel dysfunction is common.Many patients also report experiencing muscle spasms, a general feeling of discomf
erse myelitis often develops following viral infections. Infectious agents suspected of causing transverse myelitis include varicel
mericans have some type of disability resulting from the disorder.
hesias. Another one-third show only fair recovery and are left with significant deficits such as spastic gait, sensory dysfunction,

ribbean islands. High-risk areas include most of Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Mexico, and Central and South America.

ly does not cause symptoms in men and goes away on its own in a few weeks.
nths or even years.Women:Discomfort with intercourse Itching of the inner thighs Vaginal discharge (thin, greenish-yellow, fro

ver Unintentional weight loss Shortness of breath Chest pain WheezingSymptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body will v
s do not complete their full regimen of treatment Health-care providers prescribe the wrong treatment, the wrong dose, or dur
eneThe following factors may increase the risk of TB infection in a population:Increase in rate of HIV infections Increase in num

nsure a better prognosis.

t commonly, the female patient has only one X chromosome. Others may have two X chromosomes, but one of them is incomp

in his or her body reduced.

ears, spreading the disease. Typhoid fever is common in developing countries, but fewer than 400 cases are reported in the U.S

ar very bright; light may hurt the eyes Low blood pressure Rash that begins on the chest and spreads to the rest of the body (ex
rn United States, often during the summer and fall. It is rarely deadly. Risk factors for murine typhus include:Exposure to rat fle

leeds because it is torn after forceful coughing or vomiting.

ed conditions can cause problems with this waste-removal process. People with a urea cycle disorder are missing a gene that m

es, such as surgery or accidents, can be complicated for these patients. Extreme care is needed to avoid problems during such p
ing from the urethra or blood in the urine. A lump or thickness in the perineum or penis. A painless lump or swelling in the gro
ases (STDs), including human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV t ype 16 Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
ra, which tend to present at more advanced stages. Likewise, distal urethral tumors tend to occur at earlier stages in women, a
l feeling Fever above 101 degrees Fahrenheit Flank (side), back, or groin pain Flushed, warm, or reddened skin Mental changes
men are more likely to get an infection after sexual activity or when using a diaphragm for birth control. Menopause also incre

d treated as early as possible.

irth control pills: Clinical observations suggest that the use of birth control pills can lower the risk of endometrial cancer.Total n

ncer has spread to distant organs, the 5-year survival rate drops to 23%.

e of uterine fibroid tumors is unknown. However, fibroid growth seems to depend on the hormone estrogen. As long as a woma

r infection Histoplasmosis Injury Kawasaki disease Psoriasis Reactive arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Sarcoidosis Syphilis Toxoplas

mmation related to posterior uveitis may last from months to years and may cause permanent vision damage, even with treat
sed and treated as early as possible.Diseases with similar symptoms are the following:Vaginal cyst Vaginal node of endometrio
 s most likely because cervical and vaginal cancers have similar risk factors. Diethylstilbestrol (DES): Clinical data show women w

pause as well as scarring, dryness and vaginal narrowing and may be associated with pain when having sex, and delicate skin in

tion causes penetration to be difficult and painful, or even impossible. However, this does not mean the woman cannot become

uses of vulvovaginitis in women of all ages. Antibiotic use can lead to yeast infections by killing the normal antifungal bacteria t

hese viruses are often found in contaminated food or drinking water. Symptoms of viral gastroenteritis usually appear within 4

d spontaneous abortion (Lassa and lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses)Because the incubation period may be as long as 21 da
ma virusesThese families of viruses share some common features, including:Are all RNA viruses, and all are covered, or envelop
rg viruses) Rodent - (arenaviruses, hantaviruses) via inhalation or contact with contaminated materials Mosquitos (RVF virus) o

rus family. The rate of enteroviral infections increases in the summer and early fall. Enteroviruses are spread by hand-to-mouth

cy that has been present for a longer time include:Confusion or change in mental status (dementia) in severe cases Depression
estine.A lack of vitamin B12 in the diet may be due to:Eating a vegetarian diet Poor diet in infancy Poor nutrition during pregnan

nflammatory drugs like ibuprofen or naproxen can make this condition worse.

nts understand the risk to their children.

ns. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): Clinical data suggest that women with VIN have an increased risk of developing invas

ause as well as scarring, dryness and vaginal narrowing and may be associated with pain when having sex. Your doctor may ad
s can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
 oms of alcohol withdrawal.
Wernicke's encephalopathy causes brain damage in lower parts of the brain called the thalamus and hypothalamus. Korsakoff p

illness the West Nile virus include:A sudden high fever (above 102°F) Severe headache Stiff neck Feeling disorientated or confu
hich is why the rate of the disease increases in late August to early September. The risk of disease decreases as the weather bec

ntaminated vegetables (believed to be due to soil contamination).

may damage just one nerve.Causes are:Injury "Crutch palsy," caused by improper use of crutches Fracture of the humerus (uppe

es heal. Other symptoms include:Bone pain Scarring of the skin Swelling of the bones and fingersIn the advanced stage, sores o

st people will recover at this stage, but others may move onto the third, most dangerous stage (intoxication stage) within 24 ho

lank (side) painSymptoms of skin (cutaneous) zygomycosis include a single, painful, hardened area of skin that may have a blac
s that block vessels to the brain (thrombosis)Pulmonary zygomycosis (lung involvement) -- pneumonia that gets worse quickly a

ling (inflammation), usually in response to bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The swollen glands are usually found near the site of an in

hat suggest increased aldosterone production are the same as symptoms of low potassium and include:Increased thirst Muscle
which can lead to male characteristics. The cause is unknown. About 2 people per million develop this type of tumor.

ple with anorexia may severely limit the amount of food they eat, or eat and then make themselves throw up. Other behaviors
e women who are high academic achievers and who have a goal-oriented family or personality.

ry focused on food and calories.Weight management may be hard. Long-term treatment may be needed to stay at a healthy w
atin.Increased risk of falls and injury (from hypotension) Bowel obstruction (from tumor) Gastrointestinal bleeding Right-sided

body temperature (hypothermia)

se Unintentional weight gain (from fluid buildup)

led a glomerulus. Together these structures help remove waste from the body. Too much blood sugar can damage these struct

ore likely to occur earlier, and get worse more rapidly, when it is caused by diabetes than other causes. Even after dialysis or tr

es. You cannot see things on the side of your field of vision. You see shadows.Other health problems may also cause these sym

osemia are unable to fully break down the simple sugar galactose. Galactose makes up half of lactose, the sugar found in milk.

ys of life.Mothers with gestational diabetes have an increased risk for high blood pressure during pregnancy.There is a slightly in

oping the disease.

he sea coast. People in these communities might not get enough iodine in their diet (iodine is needed to produce thyroid horm

osure to estrogen (female hormone) Kidney failure and dialysis Lack (deficiency) of testosterone (male hormone) Marijuana us

ry hyperaldosteronism are caused by a noncancerous (benign) tumor of the adrenal gland. Secondary hyperaldosteronism is ge

e body characteristics in women.

egular vigorous exercise

excess potassium from the body. Most cases of hyperkalemia are caused by disorders that reduce the kidneys' ability to get rid
ns Surgery Traumatic injury TumorsIf the kidney is working properly, and there is enough aldosterone, tissue trauma alone rare

a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed a

nsations) Sleeping difficulty

t enough food You suddenly increase your exercise without increasing the amount of food you eatRelative hypoglycemia is a fa

ney failure Sweating

oth men and womenOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any

mperature Muscle pains Rapid heart rate Weight loss

ssium levels Use of certain drugs (lithium, demeclocycline, amphotericin B)

ma.Gastrinomas make the hormone gastrin, which tells the body to make stomach acid. Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain
cancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).Islet cell tumors include:Gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) Glucagonomas

e essential for normal bone formation. Throughout youth, your body uses these minerals to produce bones. If you do not get e

eficitRarely, these symptoms may occur suddenly and can be severe.

d with primary amenorrhea include:Adrenogenital syndrome Anorexia nervosa Chromosomal abnormalities such as Turner synd
to primary amenorrhea.

5) Obesity Overactive thyroidPeriods are unlikely to start on their own if the amenorrhea was caused by one of the following c
. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as po
U/L) are not due to microprolactinomas but other causes. The effects of some prescription drugs are the most common, but th
prolactinomas are very small (less than 1 cm or 3/8 of an inch in diameter). These microprolactinomas are more common in wo

a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed a

y be other symptoms related to the tumor, such as vision loss.

ss than 15% - 17% body fat Have severe anxiety or emotional distress Lose a lot of weight suddenly (for example, with a strict d

symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
n cause SIADH. Other causes of SIADH include: Pulmonary diseases, central nervous system disorders, as well as pharmacother
oma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, melanoma. Drugs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nicotine, diureti
y diseases. When you have the diseases mentioned above, seek urgent medical care as soon as possible if you experience eithe

lso cause unintentional weight gain. This may be due to:Cushing syndrome Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid, or low thyroi

ed? Has your physical activity been restricted due to illness or injury? Have there been changes in your diet or appetite?How m
s a syndrome causing gastrointestinal side effects due to a tumor. Ovarian cancer When the pancreas is not able to make enzym

ib cage Periumbilical -- area around the bellybutton

domen. Crohn's disease or bowel obstruction can cause many tender, sausage-shaped masses anywhere in the abdomen. Dive

se mild pain or no pain.Other ways of describing pain in your abdomen include:Pain may be generalized, meaning that you feel
ockage or obstruction Cancer of the stomach, colon, and other organs Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) with or wi
ur shoulder blades with nausea Have sudden, sharp abdominal pain Have tenderness in your belly, or your belly is rigid and ha

mptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can b

Escherichia coli (E. coli). Viral infections. Many viruses cause diarrhea, including rotavirus, Norwalk virus, cytomegalovirus, her

arly as possible.

tic cancer, and liver cancer may develop ascites. Other conditions which may lead to this problem include:Disorders that may be

in this situation use up all of the vitamin.Blind loop syndrome is a complication that occurs after many operations, including sub

GI tract will usually cause maroon or bright red, bloody stools due to: Anal fissures Bowel ischemia (when blood supply is cut o
o evaluation is needed.
 ptoms may mimic pancreatic cancer. Sitting up and leaning forward may sometimes relieve the abdominal pain of pancreatitis.
ve also been linked to chronic pancreatitis, such as:Chronic blockage of the pancreatic duct Injury Hyperlipidemia Hyperparathy

h protrudes out in the lumen (open space) of the colon Villous adenoma, which is sometimes flat and spreading, and is more lik

uscle contractions are slow or sluggish, causing the stool to move through the colon too slowly. As a result, stools can become

atment. Medical HistoryThe doctor may ask a patient to describe his or her constipation, including duration of symptoms, frequ
onstipated An infant (except those exclusively breastfed) goes 3 days without a stool -- call immediately if the child is vomiting
severe constipation) Poor weight gain and growth (because of the lack of enzymes to help absorb fats and proteins)Rectal pro

Escherichia coli (E. coli). Viral infections. Many viruses cause diarrhea, including rotavirus, Norwalk virus, cytomegalovirus, her

bleeding is usually painless, but it can be dangerous. You should see a doctor right away.
ol. Straining may cause diverticula to form in the colon.

biotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)Indigestion is usually not a sign of a more serious health prob
d eyes (jaundice) You vomit blood or pass blood in the stool
medications recently? Have you changed your diet? Have you had any spicy, high-fiber, or fatty foods? What medications are yo
chicken may be an early sign of swallowing problems.
ries, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), or myasthenia gravisStress or anxiety may cause some people t
ophageal atresia involve narrowing of the esophagus, and may also be associated with other birth defects.

mally, bilirubin is made in the liver and the liver excretes it into bile. Then bile goes into the intestines eventually leaving the b
bladder polyp is caused by small gallstones or cholecystitis. Because gallbladder polyps larger than 10 millimeters are likely to d

th Gallbladder cancer should avoid using the following medications:Fenofibrate If you have been diagnosed with Gallbladder ca
mally, bilirubin is made in the liver and the liver excretes it into bile. Then bile goes into the intestines eventually leaving the b
bladder polyp is caused by small gallstones or cholecystitis. Because gallbladder polyps larger than 10 millimeters are likely to d

th Gallbladder cancer should avoid using the following medications:Fenofibrate If you have been diagnosed with Gallbladder ca

onic bile reflux

ep acid from rising up into the esophagus. When a hiatal hernia is present, acid reflux can occur more easily. A hiatal hernia can
or asthma Calcium channel blockers for high blood pressure Dopamine-active drugs for Parkinson's disease Progestin for abno

g period of time can lead to problems such as anemia or low blood counts.Once a bleeding site is found, many therapies are av
angiodysplasias) Bleeding diverticulum, or diverticulosis Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis Esophageal varices Esophagitis Ga

w and cause signs or symptoms or spread to the abdomen or other parts of the body. Doctors do not agree on whether these sm
on leading to tumor formation. In other cases where the patient do not exhibit the typical mutation in c-Kit and PDGFRA gene, m

wall. An abundant amount of blood loss may lead to shock and death.

h as raw fruits and vegetables, fatty foods, or drinks high in fat or carbonation may contribute to these symptoms.The symptom
s(anticholinergics and narcotics)that slow contractions in the intestine Gastroesophageal reflux disease Smooth muscle disorde

roat, also called the esophagus, into the stomach. Through the endoscope, the doctor can look at the lining of the stomach to c

material can irritate the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.Heartburn is more likely if you have a hiatal hernia.
nes may be causing heartburn, talk to your doctor. NEVER change or stop taking medicine without talking to your doctor.
allowing (food feels stuck as it goes down) You have a cough or wheezing that does not go away Your symptoms get worse with
you have had heartburn? What do you usually eat at each meal? Before you feel heartburn, have you eaten a spicy or fatty mea

onary edema Systemic lupus erythematosus Tuberculosis

development of cancer, abdominal pain is usually persistent. Abdominal lump: People cannot find any lump at the beginning of

des the main vessel it results in a hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity and the patients may feel sudden abdominal pain. Vom

etabolic problems such as diabetes, obesity, and high triglycerides, also called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH) Tumor me

travenous fluids, resulting in reduction in serum creatinine and the excretion of sodium. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN): This can

ptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diag
matory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.Family history of colorectal cancer: The reasons are not clear in all cases. Inherited
urgently.Defecation with a lot of blood: This is the result of cancer invading the vessels of rectum or colon walls. An abundant

if they are detected early. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, some patients may be cu

lying down.

biotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

ider if:Indigestion symptoms change noticeably Symptoms last longer than a few days You have unexplained weight loss You h
you drink a lot of caffeinated beverages (tea, soda, coffee)? What medications are you taking? Have you changed medications r
t with similar symptoms.
mixed with blood and mucus Vomiting
can take place very rapidly.The cause of intussusception is not known, although viral infections may be responsible in some ca

fter mealsChronic and frequent constipation, usually accompanied by pain Chronic and frequent diarrhea, usually accompanied
muscle contractions that come and go. The lining of the colon called the epithelium, which is affected by the immune and nerv

rance often develops in children older than age 5. This is the age when our bodies may stop making lactase. In African America
e levels do not increase until the third trimester of a woman’s pregnancy.

development of cancer, abdominal pain is usually persistent. Abdominal lump: People cannot find any lump at the beginning of

des the main vessel it results in a hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity and the patients may feel sudden abdominal pain. Vom

avity and abdominal exploration Transgastric cholecystectomy Transgastric cholecystogastric anastomosis Transgastric diaph
ch as with kidney stonesNausea and vomiting may also be early warning signs of more serious medical problems, such as:Appe
n 1 day.Signs of dehydration include:Crying without tears. Dry mouth. Increased thirst. Eyes that appear sunken. Skin changes --

time. Therefore, bilirubin levels in an infant are normally a little higher after birth.High levels of bilirubin in the body can cause
some healthy, breastfed babies after day 7 of life, and usually peaks during weeks 2 and 3. It may last at low levels for a month
e may be dangerous in high-risk newborns.Jaundice is generally NOT dangerous in term, otherwise healthy newborns. Call the i

your esophagus. Esophageal cancer may develop from long-term smoking, alcohol abuse, or persistent heartburn. It can also b

ration, and malnutrition. If you find this is the case, see your doctor right away.

nt underlying illness, as well as in cases that present late (after 48h). If untreated, generalized peritonitis is almost always fatal.

dic PJS is not passed down through families and appears unrelated to an STK11 gene mutation.
ch year) with liver scans and blood tests.

nd turned toward the body, the legs are held straight, and the toes are pointed downwardOther symptoms that can occur with

ndition called neutropenia. Most people with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome have at least occasional episodes of neutropeni

ribosomes, which are cellular structures that process the cell's genetic instructions to create proteins. It is unclear how SBDS m

ncy Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia Hereditary spherocytosis Immune hemolytic anemia Myelodysplastic syndrome P

rative colitis may also cause problems such as arthritis, inflammation of the eye, liver disease, and osteoporosis. It is not known
r symptoms in some people. The stress of living with ulcerative colitis may also contribute to a worsening of symptoms.
nce of ulcerative colitis is seen in caucasians and people of Jewish descent.
ky movement Vomiting blood Weakness Yellow skin (jaundice) or yellow color of the white of the eye (icterus)
orrectly.This condition is most common in eastern Europeans, Sicilians, and southern Italians, but may occur in any group. Wils

utton that sticks out, bulge in the groin or scrotum (inguinal hernia) or soft out-pouching around the belly button (umbilical hern

X chromosomes), a mutation would have to occur in both copies of the gene to cause Aarskog-Scott syndrome. Because it is un

d rhizomelic shortening) The range of motion of the elbows is limited The head is enlarged, and the forehead is prominent The
ne growth seen with this disorder.Achondroplasia is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern so one copy of the altered ge

ures, or a wide array of other disorders.

a that are not inherited include:Multiple sclerosis Malabsorption of Vitamin E Brain tumor Brain lesion Toxins Infection such as

nape of the neck Flattened nose Separated joints between the bones of the skull (sutures) Single crease in the palm of the han
or chorionic villus sampling can be done on a fetus during the first few months of pregnancy to check for Down syndrome. The

ovements (e.g., hand- flapping) hyperactivity, i nattention, poor social interaction, limited eye contact and poor memory. Child
ur body produce too little of the protein, or none at all.Boys and girls can both be affected, but because boys have only one X ch

ed puberty may also suggest the diagnosis. An experienced geneticist may note subtle differences in facial characteristics. Ment

. Type 2 disease usually begins in infancy with severe neurologic involvement. This form can lead to rapid, early death. Type 3 d
lled a carrier.

ursing, psychology, public health and social work.Genetic counselors work as members of a health care team and act as a patie

owing more in a front-to-back pattern or in a side-to-side pattern? Other What other symptoms are present (especially changes

oning of handsIf the condition is untreated or foods containing phenylalanine are not avoided, a "mousy" or "musty" odor may
of phenylalanine and two closely-related substances build up in the body. These substances are harmful to the central nervou

ple do not have symptoms. The disorder may not be discovered unless tests revealing the disease are performed for other reas

m symptoms typically seen in much older people, such as coronary artery disease, cataracts, osteoarthritis and stroke. Death o
onsciousness

fficulty Floppy infant (poor muscle tone) Lack of head control Little spontaneous movement Progressive weakness (older infant
nfancy, but they become progressively weaker with time. SMA type III is the least severe form of the disease.Rarely, SMA may

ures, vision and hearing loss, intellectual disability, and paralysis. An eye abnormality called a cherry-red spot, which can be iden
astern and central European) Jewish heritage than in those with other backgrounds. The mutations responsible for this disease

do not interfere with everyday activities. They are often aware of the forgetfulness. Not everyone with MCI develops AD.Symp
all number of families, people develop Alzheimer’s disease in their 30s, 40s, and 50s. Many of these people have a mutation, or
s your risk.Other risk factors that are not as well understood include:Longstanding high blood pressure History of head trauma
no longer care for the person in your home.

ere are reports of older people in some remote villages but there is no documentation to verify the claims (and they live in cult
zzy (more common with Meniere's disease and acoustic neuroma) Pressure in the ear (in fluid behind the eardrum) Ringing or
tion Foreign object that is stuck in the ear canal Hole in the eardrum Scar on the eardrum from repeat infectionsSensorineural

euralgia. A related but less common neuralgia affects the glossopharyngeal nerve, which provides feeling to the throat.

he person moves the affected body part. Rigidity: Muscle stiffness often occurs in the limbs and neck. Later, the patient can not

r cleaning skin may also be swabbed on the cervix and vagina.The health care provider will place the colposcope at the opening
where in the vagina Genital warts or HPV Irritation or inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis)The colposcopy may be used to keep
to take ibuprofen or acetaminophen (Tylenol) before the colposcopy. Ask your doctor if this is okay, and when and how much
not use tampons or put anything in the vagina for several days after a biopsy.It is typical for women to hold their breath during

eek afterward. Ask your doctor or nurse how long you should wait. You can use sanitary pads.If the colposcopy or biopsy does n

weak.A cystocele is mild-grade 1-when the bladder droops only a short way into the vagina. With a more severe-grade 2-cystoc

ugh the opening into the uterus cavity. The doctor gently scrapes the inner layer of tissue, called the endometrium. The tissue
ot be all-inclusive.
medications Vaginal dryness Vaginal infection Vaginismus
R evaluation. The temptation to do so will be great, but it is important to not lose any evidence in order to help find, charge, an
anal if there is tightness (stenosis). Then a small, hollow plastic tube is gently passed into the uterine cavity.Gentle suction rem

r so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

r. However, these symptoms are also common in women who do not have cancer:Abnormal menstrual cycles Digestive sympto

trogen replacement only (not with progesterone) for 5 years or more seem to have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. Birth contro

ormonal conditions that cause unwanted hair growth may also have acne, problems with menstrual periods, trouble losing wei

an be substituted for another in the 3-dose series. The HPV vaccine can be given at the same time as other vaccines. Girls as yo

an be substituted for another in the 3-dose series. The HPV vaccine can be given at the same time as other vaccines. Girls as yo

ssue on both sides of the cervix are removed. This is most often done if you have cancer.There are many different ways to perf
vaginal bleeding that cannot be controlled by medicines or other surgeries Slipping of the uterus into the vagina (uterine prola

lacement therapy.
ome swollen with milk. This can be very painful. If you also have an area of redness, call your health care provider.Breastfeeding

ic) diseases in the mother (such as uncontrolled diabetes) SmokingIt is estimated that up to half of all fertilized eggs die and are

your sexual partner have other new partners, then you should have a Pap smear every 2 years. After age 65-70, most women ca
nd you have the test done.Empty your bladder just before the test.
vagina. This duct is active during fetal development but ordinarily disappears after birth. In some cases, however, portions of th

causing a grey discharge and fishy odor that worsen after sexual intercourse. BV is usually not sexually transmitted. Cervical or
e may be related to a medication. You are concerned that you may have a sexually transmitted disease or you are unsure of po

le that has four or more sections. If appropriate, place subsections in an appropriate order. If listing countries, place them in al

arthritis, a medication reaction, and after a bone marrow, lung or heart-lung transplant. Also, the disease may be idiopathic (wi
ns, hospitalists, specialists, nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants to contribute their knowledge and clinical exper

nce, like the addition of an overview statement.

e reference and go directly to the article!Unlike the usual format where you type in the references at the end of the article, whe
me="anythingyouwanthere">... </ref>. Your name can be anything you want. Without a name, every manual reference will be v

ies are suddenly starved of oxygen. During these spells, symptoms may include:Anxiety Breathing too quickly (hyperventilation
can change the way blood flows through the heart and lungs. This abnormal blood flow is called shunting.The blood that is pum

riate actions in a chronological sequence with optimal efficiency. This project is intended for interns, residents, attending physic

e reference and go directly to the article!Unlike the usual format where you type in the references at the end of the article, whe
me="anythingyouwanthere">... </ref>. Your name can be anything you want. Without a name, every manual reference will be v

chapter the page if it is over one-and-a-half pages in length, and there is enough or will be enough content to be put into micro
e quotation marks). Click on where it says "create the page Template:Jaundice on this Wiki". Click on the edit box, and paste al
 t box, and the main page should show the microchapters listed on the right side of the main page. You will use the microchapte
hin the microchapter navigation template on the home page. Click on "Create the page _____" on this wiki!" Create the page u

ard Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan Brief Biography <nowiki> __NOTOC__ ==Your Name=='''Muhammad Haisum Maqsood
ple, to redirect the MI page (redirecting page) to the ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction page (target page), edit the MI page and

e one of the following approved categories to tag a page:

) you have a different IP-address in each case; even in the same location, depending on the Internet connection, the IP-address

fibrosis. This thickening of the wall of the intramyocardial arterioles leads to an increased wall/lumen ratio, subendocardial isch

f code indicates that the physician page of WikiDoc can be found "here". Again using the pericaridits page as an example, the c

r arises from the lacrimal glands patients presents with: Diplopia Proptosis Slight fullness in the temporal upper eyelid Visual im

tant, nurse practitioner, and allied health professional)."

, it is not possible for a regular user to move the page with all its history. It is however possible to create a redirect. A new page
e reference and go directly to the article!Unlike the usual format where you type in the references at the end of the article, whe
me="anythingyouwanthere">... </ref>. Your name can be anything you want. Without a name, every manual reference will be v

4 inches in size. This makes.SVG images ideal for things like text that will be displayed at various sizes. However, because each
d will be viewed on various types of displays The text within the image needs to be searchable
 sion of the word, this should also be included under synonyms and keywords. The list of synonyms and keywords appear as out
m Alport syndrome would be directed to the hereditary nephritis page, type Alport syndrome into the main search box on Wik

ult, numerous people can collaborate in writing articles, textbook chapters or news stories. Prior versions of webpages are stor
merized by it. Eventually Safeway grocery stores gave kids volumes from the Golden Book Encyclopdia once your mom bought e

macist Physician Assistant Pre-Medical Student Researcher Research Institute Director Residency Program Director / Chairman o

(appears black, maroon, or bright red) Blood in the urine (appears red, pink, or tea-colored) Blood in the vomit (looks bright re

y was due to an animal or human bite The patient has not had a tetanus shot in the last 5-10 years

h helps tell the difference between various types of white blood cells.Five types of white blood cells, also called leukocytes, no

Myelocytic leukemia Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatic fever Thyroiditis TraumaA decreased percentage of neutrophils may be d
kin is broken)
control, or seizures. Leukemia also can affect other parts of the body such as the digestive tract, kidneys, lungs, heart, or teste

increase the risk of multiple myeloma. Exposure on oil-related industries: Some studies suggest that workers in some oil-relate

tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated a

main types, depending on the type of antibody that is produced:Cryoglobulinemia type I Cryoglobulinemia typeII Cryoglobuline
ry macroglobulinemia Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus

is removed from your arm. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop
Coombs' test looks for unbound circulating antibodies against a series of standardized red blood cells. The indirect Coombs' test
 other cause. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia or other lymphoproliferative disorder. Drug-induced hemolytic anemia (many drug
is removed from your arm.Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop

different parts of the kidney, leading to interstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and membranous GN. It may rapidly worsen

vated anti-dsDNA and low C3 and C4 levels have poorer outcomes. Renal biopsy findings showing diffuse lupus nephritis or high

anism against which the person has not been immunized. For example, you may receive a certain type of antiserum injection if

dder and supplies fluid that goes into semen. Urine can also back up, or reflux, into one or both kidneys. This problem, which is

d leg Urination changes:Decrease in amount of urine Excessive urination at night Urination stops completely
purpura (ITTP) Malignant hypertension Transfusion reaction SclerodermaInfections that directly injure the kidney, such as:Acu

Old age, infection, loss of blood from the intestinal tract, and progression of kidney failure also increase the risk of death.

experienced mildly confusion, drowsy or personality change in the beginning. If the underlying cause is a brain infection, patien

diabetic, hyperchloremia can cause high levels of blood sugar.

genic hyperventilation Medications Androgens Corticosteroids Diuretics Estrogens

ing causes most of the symptoms of hyponatremia.In hyponatremia, the imbalance of water to salt is caused by one of three co
d mechanical ventilation.
hargy, cardiac arrest, shock, and coma can set in without prompt treatment. Hypothermia can be fatal.

ppen with severe diarrhea Lactic acidosis is a buildup of lactic acid. It can be caused by: Alcohol Cancer Exercising for a very lon

uries may be present.

is a buildup of lactic acid. It can be caused by: Alcohol Cancer Exercising for a very long time Liver failure Low blood sugar (hypo

s narcotics and sedatives such as benzodiazepines), especially concomitant use with alcohol Severe obesity, which limits lungs

rug or alcohol overdose Injuries from inhaling smoke or harmful fumes

to shock and reduced blood flow to the kidneys.The disorder may be caused by any condition that results in damage to skeleta

usually begin right away and may include:Bleeding Breathing difficulty Blurred vision Eyelid drooping Low blood pressure Nause
you are absolutely sure that you know the species, treat it seriously.
fidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any q
sy bruising, nosebleeds, or blood in the stool Excessive thirst Frequent hiccups Low level of sexual interest and impotence Men
age need dialysis or a kidney transplant.The most common causes of ESRD in the U.S. are diabetes and high blood pressure.

une disorders.The disorder occurs in approximately 2 out of 10,000 people. It may occur at any age but is more common after a
tion of refusing to eat or drink anything and losing fluid from vomiting, diarrhea, or fever. Infants and children are more likely t
tput for 8 hours No tears Sunken eyes Sunken soft spot on the top of your infant's headCall your health care provider if you are

istering, and skin redness and swelling. Blisters heal slowly, often with scarring or skin color changes. They may be disfiguring. U
gen may trigger attacks of certain types of porphyria.

times a night.Sleep apnea is not as common as snoring.Snoring is an important social problem. Persons who share a bed with a
noids and tonsils that block the airways Use of sleeping pills, antihistamines, or alcohol at bedtime Prominence of the area at th
rmance Learning difficulties Bedwetting High blood pressureMost children who snore do NOT have apnea, but a sleep study is

(metastasis) to the lungs and other bones. Metastasis at the time of diagnosis is present in approximately one-third of children

neeling for long periods of time, overuse, or injury Connective tissue disorders such as lupus Dislocation of the kneecap Iliotibi

espond to multiple forms of anti-hypertensive medication or could have a secondary cause Electrolyte disorders or acid/base im
e most common structural changes that can lead to acute kidney injury.

e type of chronic pain.Analgesic nephropathy occurs in about 4 out of 100,000 people, mostly women over 30. The rate has de

causing chemicals at work. These chemicals are called carcinogens. Dye workers, rubber workers, aluminum workers, leather w

neck, chest, or leg near the groin. They are most often used in emergency situations for short periods of time. However, cathe
sis did not perform these functions.

d between dialysis sessions, you must closely follow a kidney dialysis diet.Some people can do hemodialysis at home, avoiding h
ow any blood to be drawn from the arm. Do not use creams or lotions over the access site. Learn how to feel the access site fo

nd vaginaOther causes of painful urination include:Interstitial cystitis Prostate infection (prostatitis) Radiation cystitis - damage

tions (especially beta-blockers), heart medications (such as digoxin), some peptic ulcer medications, sleeping pills, and *antidep

rug that has the same result but not the same side effects. DO NOT change or stop taking any medications without first talking
urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidney) Sickle cell disease

g Pale skin
idneys that helps filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. Anti-glomerular basement membrane are antibodies against this m

g Pale skin
idneys that helps filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. Anti-glomerular basement membrane are antibodies against this m

ed with the disease. There may be symptoms of kidney disease. The urine may be bloody. Eye problems develop in many peop

pain with sexual intercourse or heavy menstrual bleeding -- the problem may be related to your reproductive organs You have u

this time, because the required randomized controlled clinical trials have not been done. Another problem has been that in sev

gomyelocele Brain or spinal cord tumors Multiple sclerosis Parkinson disease Spinal cord injury Stroke recoveryDamage or disor

ecreased urine output Blood in the urine

obstructive uropathy - Long-term uropathy that affects both kidneys Acute unilateral obstructive uropathy - Sudden uropathy t

y insufficiency or failure because both kidneys may become damaged and fail to function even after the obstruction is repaired.

idney failure Psychogenic polydipsia, the result of a mental disorder

x.Over time, the kidneys may be damaged or scarred by this reflux. This is called reflux nephropathyReflux can occur in people

udden buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs (pulmonary edema)If you have a severe headache, nausea or vomiting, bad h
arteries due to high cholesterol. This problem occurs when a sticky, fatty substance called plaque builds up on the inner lining o

e can be identified.Although urge incontinence may occur in anyone at any age, it is more common in women and the elderly.

ginitisLess common causes:Bladder cancer Bladder dysfunction Radiation therapy to the pelvis, used to treat certain cancers Dr

ries.Mental or thinking abilities may still be present or may have been lost. Filling in the details with imagined events (confabul

ries.Mental or thinking abilities may still be present or may have been lost. Filling in the details with imagined events (confabul

sed by:Cardiac arrest (when the heart stops pumping) Cardiac arrhythmia Complications of general anesthesia Drowning Drug

ometimes occur, and may be continuous (status epilepticus).Most people who make a full recovery were only briefly unconscio
worse, peaking within 5 to 10 minutesThe strongest pain may last 30 minutes to 2 hours.The eye and nose on the same side as
small area at the base of the brain called the hypothalamus may be involved.The following may trigger cluster attacks:Alcohol

iate medical care if there are:Changes in alertness and consciousnessConvulsions (seizures)Muscle weakness on one or both si
ho have a concussion never black out. You can have a concussion and not realize it.
ed visionFeverFluid or blood leaking from the nose or earsHeadache that is getting worse, lasts a long time, or does not get bett

zzy (more common with Meniere's disease and acoustic neuroma) Pressure in the ear (in fluid behind the eardrum) Ringing or
ction Foreign object that is stuck in the ear canal Hole in the eardrum Scar on the eardrum from repeat infectionsSensorineura
onditions that can lead to light-headedness include heart problems (such as abnormal heart rhythm or heart attack), stroke, an

e different (for example, last longer than usual, are worse than before, or are interfering with your daily activities). Medication

d have problems chewing or swallowing. It may be difficult to move the lips, tongue, or jaw.
he muscles that help you talk, or to the muscles themselves from:Face or neck traumaSurgery for head and neck cancer, such a

improve.Dysarthria after surgery to the tongue or voice box should not get worse, and may improve with therapy. The severity
may have difficulty understanding sentences.True dyslexia is much broader than simply confusing or transposing letters, for exa
pmental writing disorder and developmental arithmetic disorder. All of these involve using symbols to convey information. The

ch as the glasses or backpack, and loosen any tight clothing near the neck. Stay with the patient, observe the event and be able

rritation of the surface of the eye (cornea) or the membranes lining the eyelids (conjunctiva).Sometimes, the reason your eyelid

headache, secondary headaches include other symptoms caused by the diseases.Symptoms in primary headaches include:Som

ondary headaches that can cause coma. Head imaging studies such as CT and MRI: These images can be used to detect the stru
ompanying with pain in the eye or ear Headaches following trauma to the head Persistent headache in a person who was previ

e lungRarely, Horner's syndrome may be present at birth (congenital). The condition may occur with a lack of color (pigmentati

, loss of appetite, and memory difficulty.Cataplexy: suddenly falling asleep or losing muscle control which is part of narcolepsy,

n one or more arms or legsBowel and bladder symptoms:Constipation and stool leakage Difficulty beginning to urinate Frequen
at a virus or gene defect, or both, are to blame. Environmental factors may also play a role.You are slightly more likely to devel
een substantiated.

le who have limited disease on imaging studiesThe amount of disability and discomfort depends on:How often you have attack

s Migraine headache

egs, which almost always relieves the discomfort.Most patients have rhythmic leg movements during sleep hours, called period
been identified.Restless legs syndrome can result in a decreased quality of sleep (insomnia). This lack of sleep can lead to daytim

tigmine and slowly increase your dose, not more than once every 2 weeks.Rivastigmine may improve the ability to think and rem
erbal products you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention any of the following: antihistamines; aspirin and other nonste

ur medication.

pain may get worse:After standing or sitting At night When sneezing, coughing, or laughing When bending backwards or walkin
erative disk disease Spinal stenosis Pelvic injury or fracture Tumors

ontinence)Also call if:You have been losing weight unintentionally You use steroids or intravenous drugs You have had back pai

not be identified during an office visit. However, rib fractures are common and can be seen on x-ray.An eye doctor may find ble
, may be enough to injure newborns and small infants. Children's brains are softer, their neck muscles and ligaments are weak,

uina syndrome -- injury to the nerve roots in this area.When spinal cord injuries occur in the neck area, symptoms can affect th
nosis) due to the normal aging process.Direct injury, such as cuts, can occur to the spinal cord, particularly if the bones or the d

ate threat.
sually means the person has a good chance of recovering more function, although this may take 6 months or more. Losses tha
exercise) in the arms or legsAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:Muscle contractions Rashes Spasms

e tardive dyskinesia include:CinnarizineFlunarizine (Sibelium)Metoclopramide

he fingernails and toenails Rubbery noncancerous tumors on or around the tongueThe symptoms of tuberous sclerosis vary fro
spinal cord) are involved.There are no known risk factors, other than having a parent with tuberous sclerosis. In that case, eac

cancerous.

a. Two other organs that are part of the vestibular system are the utricle and saccule. These are called the otolithic organs and
e individuals may also experience nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, faintness, changes in heart rate and blood pressure, fear, anx
cause motion sickness (for instance, when an individual tries to read while riding in a car). Some symptoms of motion sickness
d injury, or aging.Labyrinthitis: an infection or inflammation of the inner ear causing dizziness and loss of balance.Ménière's dis
roblem. An otolaryngologist is a physician/surgeon who specializes in diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat, head, and
rehabilitation). The exercises include movements of the head and body specifically developed for the patient. This form of ther
e arm) Tenderness, swelling, or redness at the site of the tumor
y be risk factors of osteosarcoma. Inherited cancer syndromes: Syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and retinoblastoma m

sue is found everywhere in your body Desmoid tumor s are often found in the abdomen They can also be found in the shoulde

wly, or even shrinks without any treatment In this case it may be safest for your doctor to check your tumor regularly without t

gh APC is normal APC and beta-catenin are important in many common cancers, such as colon cancer, and scientists are trying
rvival rates by how groups of people with desmoid tumor s have done in the past Because there are so few desmoid tumor pati
bacco or alcohol alone. tobacco and alcohol use are not risk factors for salivary gland cancers.Infection with cancer -causing typ
r red patch on the gums, the tongu e, or the lining of the mout h; a swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly or bec

se clinical trials can be accessed by searching NCI ’s list of cancer clinical trials. NCI ’s list of cancer clinical trials includes all NCI
Staging is a careful attempt to find out whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Staging may involv
ryngeal cancers that are HPV-negative. Recent research has shown that patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal tumors have
After a laryngectomy (surgery to remove the larynx) or other surgery in the neck, parts of the neck and throat may feel numb b
d States and Canada, including the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD. For information about other ways to search the list, see

mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust Certain alloys, paints, pigments, and preservatives Products usin
able to have surgery.Stage I and II cancers have the highest survival and cure rates. Stage III cancer can be cured in some cases.
development of cancer, abdominal pain is usually persistent. Abdominal lump: People cannot find any lump at the beginning of

des the main vessel it results in a hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity and the patients may feel sudden abdominal pain. Vom

se some of these symptoms. Anyone with such symptoms should see a doctor to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible
-tar cigarettes lowers the risk.However, lung cancer has occurred in people who have never smoked.Secondhand smoke (breat
or more information, see the NCI fact sheets Quitting Smoking and Secondhand Smoke.Radon: Radon is a radioactive gas that y

n, tumors are more common in the posterior mediastinum. These tumors often begin in the nerves and are non-cancerous (ben

ll percentage of patients (5%) will not be able to swallow and will need to be fed through a feeding tube.
er and vaginal tumors may cause lead to trouble starting to urinate or having a bowel movement, or poor control of urine. Mus

mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust Certain alloys, paints, pigments, and preservatives Products usin
able to have surgery.Stage I and II cancers have the highest survival and cure rates. Stage III cancer can be cured in some cases.

chemicals are called carcinogens. Dye workers, rubber workers, aluminum workers, leather workers, truck drivers, and pesticid

f you did not have your bladder removedHow well a patient with bladder cancer does depends on the initial stage and respons

he tumor has recurred (come back) after treatment.

al cord Blood clots Inflammation in the digestive system (the parts of the body that digest food) BlindnessSymptoms may appea
ssels. Behçet's disease is not contagious; it is not spread from one person to another.

rritation of the surface of the eye (cornea) or the membranes lining the eyelids (conjunctiva).Sometimes, the reason your eyelid

bnormal metabolism Sjogren syndrome Trachoma Trauma Vitamin A deficiencyClouding leads to varying degrees of vision loss.

opsy of lid tissue Ophthalmoscopy Special photographs to measure the cells of the cornea Standard eye exam Ultrasound to me
bnormal metabolism Sjogren syndrome Trachoma Trauma Vitamin A deficiencyClouding leads to varying degrees of vision loss.

opsy of lid tissue Ophthalmoscopy Special photographs to measure the cells of the cornea Standard eye exam Ultrasound to me

mps, snow or water reflections, or arc-weldingInfections may also damage the cornea.

age from the weaker eye.If the strabismus is not treated, the eye that the brain ignores will never see well. This loss of vision is

ill get strabismus or amblyopia again, they need to be monitored closely.

cals, sun, or light exposure? Does it affect your vision? Does it cause pain? Do your eyelids close easily? Have you noticed any dr
noticed until they become numerous or more prominent.

e tilted in such a way that one of the floaters drifts towards the central axis of the eye. In the sharpened image the fibrous elem
d a vitreous detachment, which in most cases is not sight-threatening and requires no treatment.However, a sudden increase in

gets worse, small blisters may form in the endothelium. The blisters get bigger and may eventually break, causing eye pain. Fuc
usually do not appear before age 50, although doctors may be able to see signs of the disease in affected persons at an earlier a

drum of the lensometer so that the target comes to a sharp focus in the first meridian,simultaneously rotating the axis drum a

and spread to the eye.

rogressing as a person stops growing in his or her early twenties.Other symptoms may include:Eyestrain Headaches (uncommo
ects males and females equally. People who have a family history of nearsightedness are more likely to develop it. Most eyes w
en loss of any part of the field of vision

en causes pale watery swelling of the conjunctiva and sometimes the whole eyelid. There is frequently a sticky mucus discharge
ough, sneeze, or runny nose. Indirect contact with objects that may have the infected person’s drainage on them (e.g. eye make
bies can contract ophthalmia neonatorum, a form of bacterial conjunctivitis when their eyes are exposed to the bacteria in the
UV light. Pterygium is rarely observed in children.

it is a fairly common occurrence and of little significance. If you notice a bloody spot in one eye that doesn't hurt, but just looks
ry sensitive to light. You have a yellow or greenish discharge from one or both eyes.

age from the weaker eye.If the strabismus is not treated, the eye that the brain ignores will never see well. This loss of vision is

ill get strabismus or amblyopia again, they need to be monitored closely.

ugh, it can cause trouble with your vision.If you have blepharitis, you are more likely to get styes.

eyelid bump bleeds.

ontact with infected eye, nose, or throat secretions or by contact with contaminated objects, such as towels or clothes. Certain

n foods, pieces of a balloon, buttons, coins, and small toys Viral or bacteria infections Peritonsillar abscess Retropharyngeal abs

in foods, pieces of a balloon, buttons, coins, and small toys Viral or bacteria infections Peritonsillar abscess Retropharyngeal ab

er ear. This sends the brain confusing messages about your body's position.

r with prolonged vomiting, especially when there is a bowel obstruction. It may also occur temporarily if a person has a tube pl
ed tooth Lung infection Poor dental hygiene Sinusitis Throat infection Tobacco smoking Vitamin supplements (especially in larg

you take vitamin supplements? Do you smoke? Does good oral hygiene improve the odor? What home care measures have yo
very. More than half of infants have a blockage on only one side, which causes less severe problems.Symptoms include:Chest r

ate are:Failure to gain weight Feeding problems Flow of milk through nasal passages during feeding Misaligned teeth Poor grow
lete groove that runs into the roof of the mouth and nose. These features may occur separately or together.

that is not removed from the teeth mineralizes into tartar. Plaque and tartar irritate the gums, resulting in gingivitis and ultima

tion of the chemical messenger acetylcholine (anticholinergic drugs). In severe cases, people can reduce drooling by injecting b
occur with poisoning (especially by pesticides) or a reaction to snake or insect venom.Other things that can cause drooling:Cer

after having a cold. Sudden drainage of yellow or green fluid from the ear may mean a ruptured eardrum.All acute ear infectio
an tubes to become swollen or blocked causes more fluids to build up in the middle ear behind the eardrum. These causes incl

doctor know right away if the child has a fever, even if no other symptoms are present.

tely Repeated ear infections"Suppurative chronic otitis" is a phrase doctors use to describe an eardrum that keeps rupturing, d
ur teeth, throat, or other location. This is called "referred" pain.Causes of ear pain may include:Arthritis of the jaw Acute ear in

you do not remove plaque, it turns into a hard deposit called tartar that becomes trapped at the base of the tooth. Plaque and

your whole life or gingivitis will recur.

you do not remove plaque, it turns into a hard deposit called tartar that becomes trapped at the base of the tooth. Plaque and

your whole life or gingivitis will recur.

acted tooth Lung infection Poor dental hygiene Sinusitis Throat infection Tobacco smoking Vitamin supplements (especially in la

nosed until they are in school. This is true even if they were born with hearing loss. Inattention and falling behind in class work
HL) Mixed hearing loss Central hearing lossConductive hearing loss results from a problem in the outer or middle ear, such as w

nd what other effects it has on the body.

m teeth. Teeth may also become twisted, tilted, or displaced as they try to emerge, resulting in impacted teeth.Impacted wisdo

en mostly in HIV-positive people. It may be one of the first signs of HIV infection. It can also appear in other people whose imm

ers and then crust over.The herpes virus can live in your body for years. It only appears as a mouth sore when something trigge

s do you take? Do you have other symptoms like fever, sore throat, or breath odor?Treatment may depend on the cause of the
lergies, a bleeding disorder, or a tumor of the nose or sinuses.

Is there blood in the stools? Are you vomiting blood ? Do you bruise or bleed easily? Are there tiny red or purple spots on the s

ur teeth, throat, or other location. This is called "referred" pain.Causes of ear pain may include:Arthritis of the jaw Acute ear in

cotton-tipped swabs or other small objects into the ear Middle ear infectionOther causes of ear discharge include:Eczema and

ation given through a vein (through an IV) during medical tests and treatments does not increase the risk of developing thyroid

glands, located in each cheek over the jaw in front of the ears. Two submandibular glands are at the back of the mouth on both

on swabs or small objects, can irritate or damage the skin.Long-term (chronic) swimmer's ear may be due to:Allergic reaction to

tooth. This causes a painful toothache. If the pulp of the tooth dies, the toothache may stop, unless an abscess develops. This

s of the body, including the skin and genitals.Mutations in the IRF6 gene that cause van der Woude syndrome prevent one cop

many reasons that children wet the bed after being fully toilet trained. It might be physical, emotional, or just a change in sleep

abnormal development) Fractures that do not heal correctly Lead or fluoride poisoning Rickets, which is caused by a vitamin D d

ull Burn (scalding) marks, usually seen on the child's hands, arms, or buttocks Choke marks around the neck Cigarette burns on
tive behaviors such as using alcohol and street drugs or engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors Do poorly in school Have excessiv
ch makes the sexual abuse even more devastating.Child sexual abuse occurs in all social and economic classes of people. It has

ovider sometimes cannot find the testicles. This is due to the muscle reflex that retracts the testicles and the small testicle size

ur without any eye symptoms, or someone may have: Red eyes Eye pain Increased pain when looking at light (photophobia) Vi
and arms, as well as the TMJ and cervical spine. Pauciarticular JRA involves only a few joints, usually the hips, knees, or ankles.

sEmotional or behavioral symptoms:Anxiety Worries Inability to relax New or recurring fears (fear of the dark, fear of being alo
past. Most stresses experienced by children may seem insignificant to adults, but because children have few previous experie

ut being critical. Build your child's feelings of self-worth. Use encouragement and affection. Try to involve your child in situatio
tite Nausea and vomiting Pallor Rapid heart rate Sweating Tremor of the hands or other body partsA severe form of alcohol wit

onfusion, hallucinations, or irregular heartbeats occur.

gh alcohol withdrawal make a full recovery. However, death is possible, especially if delirium tremens occurs.
ee Dry mouth Problems swallowing You may have a harder time focusing, feel tired most of the time, or lose your temper more
ed to treat asthma Thyroid drugs Some diet pills Some cold remedies Caffeine, cocaine, alcohol, and tobacco products may also

owever, the "high" associated with ongoing use becomes less and less pleasant, and can produce fear and extreme suspicion r
ness, sometimes agitation or extreme suspicion.Cocaine withdrawal often has no visible physical symptoms like the vomiting a

some are being tested. Some studies have reported that medications such as amantadine and bromocriptine may help to redu
and somatoform symptoms. Others see it as a distinct clinical entity which is less culture-bound than these critics assert, and d
to eat Not caring for physical appearance No longer taking part in activities because of drug abuse Secretive behavior to hide d
least half of those who become addicted have depression, attention deficit disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, or anothe

quence is called a hierarchy. It may be explicit, in the form of a list of increasingly challenging tasks, or implicit, in the form of a
myalgia tend to wake up with body aches and stiffness. For some patients, pain improves during the day and gets worse at nigh

of productivity at work.
ss. People's responses to grief will be different, depending on the circumstances of the death.For example, if the person who d
 example, somatization disorder) Stimulant use Stress

e serious side effects include panic, paranoia, or acute psychosis, which may be more common with new users or in those who

(dilated) pupils. The spell may last 10 - 20 minutes, then the child goes back to sleep.Most children are unable to explain what

disorder) Eating just before going to bed, which raises the body's metabolism and brain activity

with each individual.When the drugs are stopped, the body needs time to recover, and withdrawal symptoms result. Withdrawa

d personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder Schizotypal personality disorder

y are not disturbed, sleepwalkers will go back to sleep. However, they may fall asleep in a different or even unusual place.Symp
ends to happen near morning.The cause of sleepwalking in children is usually unknown. Fatigue, lack of sleep, and anxiety are a

D), is working memory, or, as she coined in her recent paper on the subject, "childhood-onset dysexecutive syndrome". She sta
nt need to pee Dry mouth Problems swallowingYou may have a harder time focusing, feel tired most of the time, or lose your te
ed to treat asthma Thyroid drugs Some diet pills Some cold remedies Caffeine, cocaine, alcohol, and tobacco products may also

illegal drugs, or cutting their body Pulling away from friends or not wanting to go out Suddenly having trouble in school or wor
essSuicidal behaviors may be caused by a situation or event that the person views as overwhelming, such as:Aging (the elderly h

y poisoning) Complicated alcohol abstinence (Delirium tremens (patient information)|delirium tremens) Delirium Dementia Dru
re usually reported as positive (substance is found) or negative (no substance is found).

lood can stay dangerously low, even if the person receives oxygen from a breathing machine (mechanical ventilator) through a

ed in asbestos mining and milling, construction, fireproofing, and other industries. Families of asbestos workers can also be exp
us or semi-conscious) after a stroke or brain injury Problems with swallowingAcidic material that is breathed into the lungs can

usion) Prolonged bed rest with few changes in position Shallow breathing (may be caused by painful breathing) Tumors that bl

damage may remain.

ness of breath (may only occur when you climb stairs).Other symptoms include:Chest pain that gets worse when you breathe d

ling Blue-colored lips from low levels of oxygen Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or the flu)
ugh with mucus most days of the month for at least 3 months.Chronic bronchitis is one type of chronic obstructive pulmonary d

ch cut in the skin between the ribs into the chest. It is connected to a bottle or canister that contains sterile water. Suction is att

fluids are being removed.

nt. Chemotherapy or other treatments that suppress the immune system.In people who have had organ and bone marrow tran

dding in a counter to the mouthpiece, as has the manufacturer of Advair. Also, depending on the manufacturer, inhalers are so
tain nicotine, as well as many toxic chemicals.The cigarette is a very efficient and highly engineered drug delivery system. By in
for more than a month.Research has shown how nicotine acts on the brain to produce a number of effects. Of primary importa

quality, and chronic hypoxia.Excess (morbid) obesity is the main risk factor.

eatment (thoracentesis).

heumatoid arthritis, it is called Caplan syndrome.

 e conditions makes it more likely that the solitary pulmonary nodule is noncancerous. Young age, history of not smoking, calciu

lack of well-being Weight loss (one of the most common symptoms in children)Skin symptoms:Hair loss Raised, red, firm skin s

ed and the area is draped. A local numbing medicine (anesthetic) is injected into the skin. The thoracentesis needle is inserted
ulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Thyroid disease.

w energy, and fatigue Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough Fatigue
and lung problems People receiving chemotherapy for cancer, or other medications that weaken the immune system. Organ tr

ny things you can do to lower your chances of getting back pain.You'll usually first feel back pain just after you lift a heavy objec

umbness in your buttocks, thigh, leg, or pelvisAlso call if:You have been losing weight unintentionally You use steroids or intrav

eumatic fever Rubella (German measles) Varicella (chickenpox) Injury, such as a fracture Osteoarthritis Osteomyelitis (bone inf

fibromyalgia Herniated disc (part of a spinal disc pushes onto nearby nerves) Strain or tears to the muscles or ligaments suppo
mble sausages. Muscle and joint pain: Joints may become deformed, similar to what occurs with rheumatoid arthritis. Rash: Re
m that might cause mixed connective tissue disease. Some people with MCTD have a family history of the condition. But the ro

e of motion. Grating of the joint with motion Bone spursDiseases which can have similar symptoms areRheumatoid arthritis Go

the following symptoms appear. Joint pain Joint swelling Morning stiffness in the joints Decreased range of motion Red scaly sk

ry Raynaud)

heart is affected, patient may show signs of chest pain, shortness of breath or edema of lower limbs.

factor, the anti-CCP antibody may have a worse outlook than those who have a negative outcomes. Tha age of developing rhe

m mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. The condition may also involve other organ systems. Takayasu arteritis has many features t

ant computer keyboard and mouse use.

d does not heal properly.
your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery. If you smoke, stop.If you have diabetes, follow your d
rms and legs Begin walking with a walking aid and parallel bars Start moving around the bed and into the chair in your hospital
ndix will burst. Surgery to remove the appendix is called appendectomy and can be done two ways.The older method, called la
igh). Nausea and vomiting. Reduced appetite.

alysis is used to rule out a urinary tract infection. Doctors may also order a pregnancy test for women.Imaging testsComputeriz
uring bowel movements by drinking plenty of fluids and eating high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole gra
tter where the bone graft comes from, the surgery will be the same. A surgeon makes a cut over the bone defect. The bone gra

inician are usually done on an annual basis, beginning at the age of 40, which coincides with time of increased risk for developm
duct and blood vessels that lead to the gallbladder. Then your gallbladder will be removed. A special x-ray called a cholangiogr

gery:You may be asked to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), vitamin E, warfarin (Coumadin), and any other drugs th

e needed to speed the delivery process if there is concern about the baby's heart rate.

t stomach acid and food from flowing back up. Surgery is done while you are under general anesthesia (asleep and pain-free). S
hernia. You have reflux disease and another related, serious problem. Some of these problems are strictures (a narrowing of yo

months after surgery. Damage to the stomach, esophagus, liver, or small intestine. This is very rare. Respiratory complications,
ents, or herbs you bought without a prescription.During the week before your surgery:You may be asked to stop taking aspirin

blood thinners medications.

hours can cause tissue death and the loss of a testicle.

rombophlebitisPrimary varicose veins occur because of congenitally defective valves, or without a known cause. Secondary var
 ens that touch the eyes may cause itchy, watery, red, swollen eyes. Eating something you are allergic to can cause nausea, vom
mon allergens include pollen, mold, pet dander, and dust. Food and drug allergies are common. Allergic reactions can also be ca

cause uncomfortable side effects (such as hives and rash) and dangerous outcomes (such as anaphylaxis).

ye, and others) may cause an anaphylactic-like reaction (anaphylactoid reaction) when people are first exposed to them. Aspiri

s (chemosis).
nicillin and sulfa drugs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and blood pressure medicines (ACE inhibitors). Pollen.H

mes in episodes with symptom-free periods in between May be worse at night or in early morning May go away on its own Get
uch as the common cold Strong emotions (stress) Tobacco smokeAspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSA

best You have severe chest pain

he drug, the IgE tells your white blood cells to make a chemical called histamine, which causes your allergy symptoms. A drug a

kin may peel or blister. Swelling (angioedema), especially of the eyelids, face, lips, and tongue. Shortness of breath. Stomach cr
d histamine in response to the specific food.Any food can cause an allergic reaction, but a few foods are the main culprits. In ch

hay fever. Tiny, hard to see pollens more often cause hay fever. Examples of plants commonly responsible for hay fever include

nto long-lasting (chronic) lung disease.Hypersensitivity pneumonitis may also be caused by fungi or bacteria in humidifiers, heati

skin for signs of a reaction, usually swelling and redness of the site. Results are usually seen within 15-20 minutes. Several allerg
allergies. Intradermal tests are not used to test for food allergies because of high false positive results and the danger of causin

nerally reliable. However, if the dose of allergen is excessive, a positive reaction will occur even in persons who are not allergic

ns Pollen Shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, milk, and other foodsHives may also develop as a result of:Emotional stress Extreme cold or
among the most common.Acetaminophen is the basic ingredient found in Tylenol® and its many generic equivalents. It is sold o

dizziness Heavy sweating (clammy skin) Nausea and vomiting Pale skin (pallor) Rapid, weak pulse Shortness of breath -- trouble
hannel with nontraveling blood gets bigger, it can push on other branches of the aorta. This can narrow the other branches and
ple. It can affect anyone but is most often seen in men ages 40 to 70.

in the affected organs, causing them to become stiff, which decreases their ability to function.

od pressure is thought to play a role in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerotic disease (cholesterol buildup in arteries) m

back: It is always accompanying with chest pain or discomfort.Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a d
ath in patients with coronary heart disease; smokers have about twice the risk of nonsmokers. Furthermore, cigarette smoking

back: It is always accompanying with chest pain or discomfort.Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a d
ath in patients with coronary heart disease; smokers have about twice the risk of nonsmokers. Furthermore, cigarette smoking

clotting episode. In people with this condition, a blood clot may occur without the common risk factors of pregnancy, lack of m

e symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
orta may be seen with other congenital heart defects, such as:Bicuspid aortic valve Defects in which only one ventricle is prese

ess Heavy sweating (clammy skin) Nausea and vomiting Pale skin (pallor) Rapid, weak pulse Shortness of breath -- trouble breat
with nontraveling blood gets bigger, it can push on other branches of the aorta. This can narrow the other branches and reduc
ection occurs in about 2 out of every 10,000 people. It can affect anyone but is most often seen in men ages 40 to 70.

en lying down Swelling of the feet, legs, or abdomen Weakness, more often with activity
used to treat rheumatic fever, other causes are more commonly seen.Causes of aortic insufficiency may include:Ankylosing spo
eeling the heart beat (palpitations).Becoming tired or fatigued with exertion more easily than others (in mild cases) Serious bre
p for 5 - 10 years or longer after rheumatic fever occurs. Rheumatic fever is increasingly rare in the United States.Aortic stenosi
ent of cancer, such as breast cancer or lymphoma, may also increase the risk of aortic stenosis.

mber of factors, including patient age, overall activity level, and presence of other medical conditions. As with any operation, ao
cause of aortic valve disease requiring surgery. Such valves may function normally for years before becoming stenotic, regurgit
on the shortness of breath may be noticeable only with exercise. Later, with the progression of valve disease, a patient could e
y any narrowings of the coronary arteries.

tients with artificial valves must take anticoagulants or "blood thinners" for the rest of their life. There is also a small but definit
rowing worse with time. As the valve gets tighter, the heart has to continue to work harder and harder to keep pumping blood

r valve surgery before any surgical procedure.Template:WH Template:WS CME Category::Cardiology

es one to four small holes in your chest. Then your surgeon uses special instruments and a camera to do the surgery. For roboti
fection. You will also recover faster than you would from open heart surgery.Percutaneous valvuloplasty is only done in patien

of the wounds.
uprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn). If you are taking warfarin (Coumadin) or clopidogrel (Plavix), talk with
ible tube) in your bladder to drain urine. You may also have intravenous (IV, in the vein) lines for fluids. Nurses will closely watc
rt is stopped.If your aortic valve is too damaged, you will need a new valve. This is called replacement surgery. Your surgeon wi
you have other problems such as blood clots, infection, or bleeding.

ncision Post-pericardiotomy syndrome (low-grade fever and chest pain) that could last up to 6 months
profen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn). If you are taking warfarin (Coumadin) or clopidogrel (Plavix), talk with
a regular hospital room from the ICU. Your nurses and doctors will continue to monitor your heart and vital signs until you are

els can cause hardening of the arteries at a younger age.

ower chambers (ventricles). This path enables the chambers to contract in a coordinated fashion.In atrial fibrillation, the atria a

olol (Senormin, Tenormin). Digoxin. Antiarrhythmics, such as amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone) or sotalol (Betapace). Medicin

n a regular pattern.These problems can affect both men and women and become more common as you get older. Common ca

of nails accompanied with soft tissue enlargement (clubbing) of the fingers Fever Fingers that change color upon pressure or w
e of the heart valve a condition called tricuspid stenosis and an regular heartbeat, atrial fibrillation.
 s from the right side of the heart, pressures in the lungs build up. The shunt can be reversed so that blood flows from right to le
own syndrome. Genetic counseling may be performed to estimate the likelihood that any future children may be born with an

lood flow and shunting of blood back into the pulmonary circulation. Some patients with ASD may have other congenital heart
defect usually present within the first few weeks of life. Common symptoms include:Poor appetite Difficulty gaining weight Blu

in prescriptions during pregnancy, such as Accutane (a popular acne medicine noted for causing birth defects).

vere and life-threatening. Endocarditis is more common:When the child may have lingering defects post-surgery. After surgery

ited (passed down through families). People with genetic beriberi lose the ability to absorb thiamine from foods. This can happ

However, Korsakoff syndrome (or Korsakoff psychosis) tends to develop as Wernicke's symptoms go away.

ng back into the heart. This is called aortic regurgitation. The aortic valve may also become stiff and not open up as well, causin

cardiac arrest in young adults, usually at night during sleep. This condition was originally described in Southeast Asian populati
n ion transport alters the way the heart beats, leading to the abnormal heart rhythm characteristic of Brugada syndrome.In affe

his disorder is very uncommon in children, but it may occur in children with autoimmune diseases.

ertrophic cardiomyopathy Restrictive cardiomyopathy Sarcoidosis cordis

loma and cancer. Cardiac amyloidosis (" stiff heart syndrome ") occurs when amyloid deposits take the place of normal heart m

sShortness of breathSweating
are caused by problems with the heart's electrical conduction system.Abnormal extra signals may occurElectrical signals may be

ng, or you are very tired. You are coughing up blood or yellow or green mucus You have problems taking any of your heart medi
of fried. And ask for them without the butter and sour cream. Order fresh fruit or fruit sorbet in place of cake, pie or ice cream.
when broiled “dry.” Take the skin off poultry when it arrives, and remove visible fat from meat.
ures Recent open heart surgery Systemic lupus erythematosus

of nails accompanied with soft tissue enlargement (clubbing) of the fingers Fever Fingers that change color upon pressure or w
e of the heart valve a condition called tricuspid stenosis and an regular heartbeat, atrial fibrillation.

sure on the heart due to a build up of fluid around it (pericardial tamponade) Tear or rupture of the muscles or tendons that su

cardiomyopathy, heart failure, or sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) A disease or condition that can lead to cardiomyopathy, such as c

the cells in the walls of carotid arteries) may also cause narrowing of the carotid arteries.

ecomes unresponsive. Unfortunately, sudden cardiac arrest is sometimes the first sign of CPVT. Sudden cardiac arrest can lead
such as RYR2 and CASQ2. RYR2 gene mutations cause about half of all cases, while mutations in the CASQ2 gene account for 1 p

m pushes on nearby structures in the brain or breaks open (ruptures) and causes bleeding into the brain.Symptoms depend on
rysm involve widening of an entire blood vessel, or they may appear as a "ballooning out" of part of a blood vessel. Such aneury

curs behind the breast bone or slightly to the left of it. It may feel like tightness, heavy pressure, squeezing, or crushing pain. Th
eration), or other lack of movement that can lead to a blood clot in your leg.Know that your risk of heart attack is greater if you
ain is relieved with rest or by a medicine called nitroglycerin. Spreading pain that extends to left arm, shoulder, back, neck or ja

en they do, it’s called metabolic syndrome. In general, a person with metabolic syndrome is twice as likely to develop heart dise
ential.{{#ev:youtube|U2DkFeBKkM8}}
nough oxygen is reaching your muscles.

osus (PDA) Aortic stenosis Pulmonic stenosis Coarctation of the aorta Atrioventricular canal (endocardial cushion defect)These p

ping on pillows Palpitations or extra heart beats Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or awakening at night with shortness of breath S
s mean the heart is no longer able to pump enough oxygen-rich blood out to the rest of your body, especially when you exercis

damaged your heart muscle is, the worse your ejection fraction and worse prognosis will be, regardless of your symptoms.The c

blood oxygen levels can lead to cor pulmonale. A few of these causes include:Central sleep apnea Chronic obstructive pulmona

s should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

e. You have dizziness, fainting, or you are very tired. You are coughing up blood or yellow or green mucus. You have problems t
ially if your heart's pumping action has already been weakened.CABG also may be a treatment option if you have blockages in
how that you have severe blockages in your coronary (heart) arteries, your doctor may admit you to the hospital right away. Yo
ng bypassed. Numerous steps take place during traditional CABG. You'll be under general anesthesia for the surgery. The term "
ome patients may develop fluid buildup around the heart that requires treatment. Memory loss and other changes, such as pro
er while in the ICU. A pacemaker is a small device that's placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythm
ed nitroglycerin.Other symptoms include:Shortness of breath Fatigue with activity (exertion).Women, elderly people, and peop

s of coronary artery disease and heart failure.Abnormal cholesterol levels: your LDL ("bad") cholesterol should be as low as pos
 the heart arteries under x-ray
with 705 patients demonstrated a significantly higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality rate among tho
puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture

caused by atherosclerosis.Follow-up testing is done to determine how well diet and medications are controlling high cholester
g/dL = milligrams per deciliter)(Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor a

e. You have dizziness, fainting, or you are very tired. You are coughing up blood or yellow or green mucus. You have problems t
person may lose consciousness.Unlike angina that is caused by hardening of the coronary arteries, chest pain and shortness of b

cells being made by the bone marrow (polycythemia vera), causing the blood to be thicker and slower than normalYou're also

e severe symptoms.
enetic polymorphisms and previous infection with DENV-1 if the patient contracts the DENV-2 or DENV-3 strain. Diabetes and a

irror image of their normal position. For example, the liver will be on the left side instead of the right. Some people with mirro
al heart disease, such as dextrocardia.

d destroys healthy body tissue by mistake Conditions that run in families Infections that involve the heart muscle Heart valves

up. When this happens, the person is then at risk for serious bleeding, even from a minor injury or without injury. This process

he area. Pain occurs when the pericardium becomes inflamed (swollen) and rubs on the heart.
ty:Problems with the lungs: Blood clot in the arteries of the lungs (pulmonary embolism) Bronchiolitis Chronic obstructive pulm

m the right ventricle to the right atrium while the heart pumps.The leaflets are unusually deep in the right ventricle and are ofte

us arteriosusOver time, increased blood flow can damage the small blood vessels in the lungs. This causes high blood pressure i
a heart defect. Drug and alcohol exposure during pregnancy can also harm the fetus during development and result in potentia

finally there is a calibration on the ECG, on the beginning of every lead is a vertical block that shows with what amplitude a 1 m
direction. The ECG is a graphical visualization of these electric signals in the heart.Normal sinus rhythm

rtness of breath with activity Swelling of the feet, legs, abdomen Weakness Weight loss
, is responsible for about 50% of all bacterial endocarditis cases. This is why dental procedures increase your chances for devel

$1,652 per year. The cost of Warfarin and its monitoring is therefore $1,761 per year.Thus, the incremental drug acquisition an

eart failure that are associated with atrial fibrillation are associated with a 1.9 fold higher risk of dying.Given that the risk of dyin

wer cases with dabigatran would save $112,000.In addition to the small but statistically significant reduction in mortality associ
er year of stroke-free life saved.

ld, but it's not a strict limit. “This would convert to 1.58 X 20,000 GBP = $31,600 USD to $47,400 USD. Thus, $16,000 to $33,000
ne diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosis Cancer Congestive heart failure Diabetes Fibromyalgia Infection, especially on
ou feel sad or depressed You have insomnia

ormones. premenopausal women have this disease more often than men do. Abnormally formed arteries

swollen opening of penis (urethra) Tender or swollen testicles Sore throat (gonococcal pharyngitis)Symptoms in women can be
heir State Board of Health about anyone diagnosed with gonorrhea. The goal of this law is to make sure the patient gets prope

0010.jpg Answer example 10 Image courtesy of C. Michael Gibson MS. MD. and copylefted Answer Ami0013.jpg Answer examp

rtburn. Shortness of breath - Shortness of breath may often occur with or before chest discomfort. Discomfort in the upper bod
 CAD: Your risk increases if your father or a brother was diagnosed with CAD before 55 years of age, or if your mother or a siste

womb.) These proteins can damage the baby's heart and lead to congenital heart block.Congenital heart defects also may cause
heart's structure that are present at birth. Most of the time, doctors don't know what causes these defects.Heredity may play a

hings that may interfere with it. Avoid close or prolonged contact with electrical devices and devices that have strong magnetic

blood flow between the heart chambers or blood vessels(shunt) Heart valve abnormalities. Congenital heart valve abnormalitie

HIV infection Have infections such as hepatitis that are active Have insulin-dependent diabetes and other organs that aren't wo

hting rejection is an ongoing process. The body's immune system considers the transplanted organ an infection and fights it. Fo

Transmission from one human to another may occur, but is extremely rare.

varies depending upon the virus causing the infection. Hantaan and Dobrava virus infections usually cause severe symptoms, w

ss the disease on to you. Both parents need to pass down the faulty gene in order for you to develop Hurler syndrome.Hurler s

s. They include:Familial combined hyperlipidemia Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia Familial hypercholesterolemia Familial hype

sympathetic system which functions to control most of body' internal organs under different conditions. High fructose (sugar)c
there is no exactt reason or mechanism for it.Currently, healthcare professionals identify it to be more common due toIncrease
ide variety of symptoms but generally causes problems to the heart,brain,eyes/vision,kidneys,nerves and arm/leg weakness.

ifficulties difficulties in concentration and memory

has done some type of physical activity.If you have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, always follow your doctor's advice concernin

ffect the kidneys' ability to retain potassium (Liddle syndrome, Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, Bartter syndrome, Fanc

men, lips, and tongue is abnormal (called central cyanosis). It is a sign that there is not enough oxygen in the blood. Central cya
valvesThis causes the left ventricle and aorta to be incompletely developed, or hypoplastic. In most cases, the left ventricle and

tic hypotension is brought on by a sudden change in body position, most often when shifting from lying down to standing. This
ar heartbeat Shortness of breathAlso call your doctor if you have:Burning with urination or other urinary symptoms Cough with

cordless tools (such as screwdrivers and drills) Plug-in power tools (such as drills and table saws) Electric lawn mowers and lea

or you pass out. Talk to your doctor about when to call the doctor's office.

the pericardium? How is the flow in the coronary artery and the myocardium that it supplies? Is there any distal microvasculat
m pushes on nearby structures in the brain or breaks open (ruptures) and causes bleeding into the brain. Symptoms depend on
rysm involve widening of an entire blood vessel, or they may appear as a "ballooning out" of part of a blood vessel. Such aneury

on the back of the tongue Red palms of the hands and the soles of the feet Swollen hands and feet Skin rashes on the middle of

hey include:Familial combined hyperlipidemia Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia Familial hypercholesterolemia Familial hypertri
Reducing high cholesterol levels will slow the progression of atherosclerosis and prevent complications.
expands gradually over a period of days reaching up to 12 inches or more (30 cm) across. EM may feel warm to the touch but is
your risk of developing Lyme disease) also increases risk of developing Lyme disease.Endemic Regions: About 95% of all repor

bility similar to that seen in congestive heart failure. Though rare, Lyme disease can be fatal.

result, blood sugar and fat levels rise.Other risk factors include:Aging Genes that make you more likely to develop this conditio

ng activity and when lying down, and excessive urination at night.

he rest of the body. As a result, the heart may try to pump harder.Acute mitral regurgitation may be caused by dysfunction or in

kles. Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these sympto
rn with mitral stenosis (congenital) or other birth defects involving the heart that cause mitral stenosis. Often, there are other h

ually controllable with treatment and improved with valvuloplasty or surgery.

apse can cause blood to leak backwards. This is called mitral regurgitation.Mitral valves that are structurally abnormal can raise
ur small holes in your chest. Then your surgeon uses special instruments and a camera to do the surgery. For robotically-assiste
symptoms, such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fainting spells (syncope), or heart failure. Tests show that the chan

of the wounds.
uprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn). If you are taking warfarin (Coumadin) or clopidogrel (Plavix), talk with
o a regular hospital room. Your nurses and doctors will continue to monitor your heart and vital signs until you are stable enoug
surgeon can repair or replace the mitral valve.If your surgeon can repair your mitral valve, you may have:Ring annuloplasty -- T
cope), or heart failure. Tests show that the changes in your mitral valve are beginning to seriously affect your heart function. Yo

ever and chest pain. This could last for up to 6 months.

aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn). If you are taking warfarin (Coumadin) or clopidogrel (Plavix
a regular hospital room from the ICU. Your nurses and doctors will continue to monitor your heart and vital signs until you are

eart. However, the chemicals produced by an immune response can damage the heart muscle. As a result, the heart can becom
we eat as adults. The way we eat over many years becomes a habit. It affects what we eat, when we eat, and how much we eat

aced under your skin. These include:Battery powered cordless tools (such as screwdrivers and drills). Plug-in power tools (such

an abnormal heart rhythm:Known heart disease at the time the palpitations begin Significant risk factors for heart disease An a

trual cycle. Most women have some swelling during pregnancy. More severe swelling during pregnancy may be a sign of preec

ntion are that it:Doesn't require an incision (cut) Doesn't require general anesthesia (that is, you won't be temporarily put to sle
to highlight blood flow through the arteries. This helps the doctor see any blockages in the blood vessels that lead to your hea
ents who have several blockages or blockages in certain locations may need coronary bypass surgery.

ocedure (2–4 percent of people). This may occur if an artery closes down instead of opening up. Damage to the kidneys caused
ay.Once the percutaneous coronary intervention is scheduled, your doctor will advise you:When to begin fasting (not eating or
e the day after the procedure. When your doctor thinks you're ready to leave the hospital, you'll get instructions to follow at ho
condition known as constrictive pericarditis). Anxiety Breathing difficulty when lying down (orthopnea) Dry cough Fatigue
d gland Kidney failure Rheumatic fever Tuberculosis (TB)Other causes include:Heart attack Heart surgery or trauma to the chest

se long-term problems similar to those of heart failure.

up blood or yellow or green mucus. You have chills or a fever over 101 °F. You develop weakness in your body or are unable to
isease becomes severe, you may have:Impotence Pain and cramps at night Pain or tingling in the feet or toes, which can be so
the muscles are resting.Peripheral artery disease is a common disorder that usually affects men over age 50.

ails of the heart extremely well, such as the great vessles, vascular, atrial and ventricular structures and their relationships to on

s to the lungs, some goes to the coronary arteries, and the rest goes to the body. Usually, too much blood is sent to the lungs.If

nflammation, lung injury, and drug reactions.

ty concentrating Difficulty sleeping Gastrointestinal symptoms Stomach pain Constipation Diarrhea Bloating Nausea Vomiting I

d with heartburn, gallbladder pain, a stomach virus, or the baby kicking. Agitation Decreased urine output, not urinating very o

he mother due to preeclampsia is rare in the U.S. The infant's risk of death depends on the severity of the preeclampsia and how

in the affected organs, causing them to become stiff, which decreases their ability to function.

intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS). If the person has both problems, the condition is called pulmonary atresia with VSD. This is

le. The outcome is difficult to predict without knowing all details about the patient's condition.
or bloody froth Decrease in level of alertness (consciousness) Inability to speak in full sentences Nasal flaring
up of body fluid is also seen in kidney failure. Exercising at very high altitudes can also cause pulmonary edema.Pulmonary ede

uish skin discoloration (cyanosis) Clammy skin Dizziness Leg pain, redness, and swelling Lightheadedness or fainting Low blood
ly history of blood clots Fractures of the hips or thigh bone Heart attack Heart surgery Long-term bed rest or staying in one pos
ntraceptive pills, tamoxifen, and hormone replacement therapy.

e that involves the right side of the heart is present. This is called cor pulmonale.Pumonary hypertension may be caused by:An
 a from blood loss) Covid-19

usions may be given for anemia. Antibiotics are used to prevent or fight infections.

as crying or inappropriate laughing.Diseases with similar symptoms:Reactive arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Myocarditis Scarlet

eeling the heart beat (palpitations).

rth (congenital), or it may develop later in life (acquired). Children with pulmonic stenosis may have other congenital condition

ds on a number of factors, including patient age, overall activity level, and presence of other medical conditions. As with any op

ver Joint pain Abdominal pain Weakness Diarrhea

ephrotic syndrome Kidney failure Liver enlargement Neuropathy (nerves that do not work properly) Orthostatic hypotension (a

s of OSA are usually associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, including falling asleep at inappropriate times. Most people
can pass through the airways. When the muscles in the narrower upper throat relax during sleep, the airway may completely c
ation are affected by OSA . Though it is hardly the only factor that has an effect, weight loss can alleviate some of the symptom

ache with no known causeOther diseases with similar symptoms are:Brain tumors Brain abscess Migraine headache Head trau
ers and Stroke (NINDS), five major signs of stroke are five “sudden”: sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg (es

g Headache Reddish face or cheeks Reddish palms Reddish mucus membranes (inside the nose, mouth, and other places) Redn
tion of a vein (thrombophlebitis) Lung infections (such as tuberculosis)Other causes of superior vena cava obstruction include:A
e lower heart chambers (ventricles).PSVT can occur with digitalis toxicity and with conditions such as Wolff-Parkinson-White sy

of Fallot will suddenly develop deep blue skin, nails and lips after crying, feeding, having a bowel movement, or kicking his or h
t ventricle and ventricular septal defect, instead of coming out only from the left ventricle A thickened muscular wall of the righ

ventricle and ventricular septal defect, instead of coming out only from the left ventricle A thickened muscular wall of the righ

yocardial stunning days Myocardial rupture weeks Aneurysm of heart / Ventricular aneurysm Dressler syndrome Layers Pericar

s heart and lead to congenital heart block.Congenital heart defects also may cause congenital heart block. These defects are pro

, acute myocardial infarction may present with third-degree AV block.An inferior wall myocardial infarction may cause damage
symptoms may include:Chest pain and / or back pain Clammy skin Nausea and vomiting Rapid heart rate Low blood pressure

ical rib (above the first rib) or an abnormal tight fibrous band connecting the spinal vertebra to the rib. Patients often have a hi

tanding others who are speaking Problems with eyesight (double vision, loss of all or part of vision) Changes in sensation, invol
caused by:A blood clot within an artery of the brain A blood clot that travels to the brain from somewhere else in the body (for

he body. In transposition of the great vessels, the blood goes to the lungs, picks up oxygen, and then goes right back to the lung

e, or continue after treatment.

cuspid atresia generally are cyanotic (bluish discoloration of skin) and easily become short of breath.

e the valve to slip out of place and not function properly.

e is rheumatic fever, which is a complication of untreated strep throat infections. Tricuspid regurgitation may be found in those

est pain:Occurs without cause (for example, it wakes you up from sleep) Lasts longer than 15 - 20 minutes Responds poorly to a

very slowly (less than 60 beats a minute) or very fast (more than 120 beats a minute), or it is not steady. You are having trouble

or a narrowed mitral valve. This is usually a congenital defect, which means that most people who have it were born with it.Use

me of the arches and vessels that should have changed into arteries or disappeared are still present when the baby is born. Th

e of VSD is not yet known. This defect often occurs along with other congenital heart defects.In adults, ventricular septal defec
rth defects.

ardia.Ventricular tachycardia can also be caused by:Anti-arrhythmic medications Changes in blood chemistry (such as a low pot

w in the back part of the brain to be reduced or stopped. The most common cause is a stroke due to hardening of the arteries

azol antifungal agents (such as itraconazole or ketoconazole) fibric acid derivatives (such as gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, or fenofib
esterol may rise again.
gic reactions including swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing (whic
HDL cholesterol is called “good” cholesterol because it keeps the bad cholesterol from building up in the arteries.Triglycerides a

sed by:Anti-arrhythmic medications Changes in blood chemistry (such as a low potassium level) Changes in pH (acid-base) Lack

arrhythmias associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can lead to cardiac arrest and sudden death. The most common

tate. It lowers blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily through the body.
of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.Swallow the extended-release tablets whole; do not split, chew, or c

wering blood levels of cholesterol and other fats may help to decrease your chances of getting heart disease, angina (chest pain)
to take pravastatin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking pravastatin without talking to your doctor.

ng rivaroxaban, your doctor may prescribe another blood thinner medicine to prevent a blood clot from forming.Rivaroxaban c
d lungs of people who have just had hip or knee replacement surgery.It is not known if rivaroxaban is safe and effective in child

ast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you will take rivaroxaban or breastfeed.Tell all of your doctors and dentists that y
lungs: Take rivaroxaban once or twice a day as prescribed by your doctor. Take rivaroxaban with food at the same time each da

ed by your doctor.Your doctor may start you on a low dose of valsartan and gradually increase your dose.Valsartan controls hig
bility of the blood.
arin and gradually increase or decrease your dose based on the results of your blood tests. Make sure you understand any new
supplements you are taking or plan to take, especially acyclovir (Zovirax); allopurinol (Zyloprim); alprazolam (Xanax); antibiotic
t juice while taking this medication.

diarrheaextreme tirednesslack of energyloss of appetitepain in the upper right part of the stomachyellowing of the skin or eyes

nter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should br

form. If the inflammation is deep in your skin, the pimples may enlarge to form firm, painful cysts.Acne is a problem of swelling

are large, painful, solid pimples that are deep in the skin.Cysts: These deep, painful, pus-filled pimples can cause scars.

pinch, or pick their pimples can get scars or dark spots on their skin. Shave carefully: If you shave, you can try both electric and

is disorder, zinc is poorly absorbed from the diet. Adding zinc supplements to the diet improves the condition. This form of the
es after trauma, surgery, or infection. A common triggering causes is dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection has also been
s after trauma, surgery, or infection. A common triggering causes is dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection has also been

es after trauma, surgery, or infection. A common triggering causes is dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection has also been
s after trauma, surgery, or infection. A common triggering causes is dental abscess or oral surgery. The infection has also been

It increases susceptibility to infection along with nerve defects and bleeding problems Ocular albinism; causes hypopigmentati

, sudden blood loss A number of medications, including retinoids, birth control pills, beta-blockers, certain antidepressants, NS
and most are either bald or have a balding pattern by age 60.

ind of shampoo, hair spray, gel, or other product do you put on your hair? Have you been under unusual stress lately? Do you
ngioma's have a high risk of rupturing and bleeding. If it bleeds, it is dangerous and can cause death. Dysfunction of the internal

allergic reaction to the fungus that usually develops in people who already have lung problems (such as asthma or cystic fibros

diation, including medical x-rays Severe respiratory infections that keep coming back (recurring)

contact with items such as shoes, stockings, and shower or pool surfaces.

nger than age 2, skin lesions begin on the face, scalp, hands, and feet. The rash is often itchy and bubble, ooze, or form crusts.I
positive to allergy skin tests.The following can make atopic dermatitis symptoms worse:Allergies to pollen, mold, dust mites, o

pears after age 50, but the sun damages the skin from an early age. UV radiation affects everyone. But people who have fair ski
our doctor's advice about how to reduce your risk of developing skin cancer again.
damage to the muscle and bone, and sometimes to tendons and joints.

er, disorientation, poor balance, even stroke. Digestive system: Patients with Behçet's disease may show symptoms such as ab
ces, such as germs, that enter the body. In an autoimmune reaction, the immune system mistakenly attacks and harms the bod

en the eyebrows, and on the back of the neck. Salmon patches may be more noticeable when the infant cries or during temper
eks after birth. Cavernous hemangiomas (angioma cavernosum, cavernoma) are similar to strawberry hemangiomas but they a

es school age. Port wine stains are often permanent. Salmon patches often fade as the infant grows. Patches on the back of the
n the nose or mouth
with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or who have had an organ transplant. Men are more likely to be affec

ral ill-feeling Itching before the boil develops Skin redness around the boil

ild climbing on top of a stove or grabbing a hot iron).Burns to your airways can be caused by inhaling smoke, steam, superheate
len lymph nodes, red streaks spreading from the burn, or fever.Also call immediately if there are signs of dehydration: thirst, d
tics used to treat other types of infections change the normal balance between organisms in the vagina by decreasing the num

over the joint Nausea and vomiting

cold urticaria can be said to go away. For some people, it will go away on its own after several months; however, other people m

lowing their infection.Underlying health conditions. Some individuals who experience cold urticaria may have an underlying he

er parts of the body are often very sick.Symptoms include:Bleeding easily Breathing difficulties Blue appearance (cyanosis) Flari
e have had herpes infections in the past, but were not aware of it. These people, not knowing that they have herpes, may pass

common type of contact dermatitis, is caused by exposure to a substance or material to which you have become extra sensitiv
ents, some perfumes, coal tar products, and oil from the skin of a lime. A few airborne allergens, such as ragweed or insecticid

ase of an allergic dermatitis, itching can be severe. Dermatitis caused by an irritant may also cause burning or pain. Allergic der
ashes or toupeesAntibiotics such as neomycin rubbed on the surface of the skinBalsam of Peru (used in many personal product

ns and small children up to age 3.Cradle cap is not contagious, nor is it caused by poor hygiene. It is not an allergy, and it is not

m of the infection may have no symptoms. In people with weakened immune systems, the cryptococcus organism may spread t
rm can spread easily from one person to another. You can catch ringworm if you touch someone who has the infection, or if yo

the larynx is involved, hoarseness. The hallmark of respiratory diphtheria is a pseudomembrane that appears within 2–3 days o

mole is larger than about 1/4 inch, although sometimes dysplastic nevi can be smaller. The mole is growing or changing in shape
ve factors: Clinical surveys suggest patients treated with Immunosuppressive medicines such as transplant patients, have an inc

t) Heat intolerance Inability to sweat Large forehead Lower than normal number of teeth Low nasal bridge Poor hearing Poor te

t patients are sometimes sick enough to see a doctor.

smosis (HGA). It is caused by the rickettsial bacteria called Anaplasma phagocytophilum (once called Ehrlichia equi or Ehrlichia

any subtypes. For example, Weber-Cockayne is the most common form of epidermolysis bullosa simplex. This type involves bli
itching, and discharge Eye pain Mouth sores Vision problems
mycoplasma infections. Erythema multiforme major is more severe, and is known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The more seve

se-like appearance.
ProgestinOther associated disorders include leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, rheumatic fever, Bechet's disease, and ulcerativ

dons, muscles, nerves, and bone.

blood pressure Persistent or severe pain

small, painful blisters filled with clear or straw-colored fluid. They are usually found:In women: on the outer vaginal lips (labia),
tact. You may be infected with herpes when your skin, vagina, penis, or mouth comes into contact with someone who already h

ma to the affected area, including sexual activityIn people with a normal immune system, genital herpes remains a localized and
lips, mouth, tongue, palate, or throat (larynx)Other symptoms are rare, but may include:Increased dampness or moisture in th
T have symptoms, however, you must be treated to prevent complications and spreading the condition to others. In women, HP

rvix and vulva. They are the main cause of cervical cancer. The types of HPV that can cause genital warts are not the same as th

, sudden blood loss A number of medications, including retinoids, birth control pills, beta-blockers, certain antidepressants, NS
and most are either bald or have a balding pattern by age 60.

ind of shampoo, hair spray, gel, or other product do you put on your hair? Have you been under unusual stress lately? Do you

yellow color in the skin or eyes)These symptoms may disappear within a few weeks, but this does not necessarily mean that th
eedlestick injuries in the health care setting In some countries, HCV is transmitted via the transfusion of unscreened blood and
transmission but now rare in the United States since blood screening became available in 1992) People who received a blood p

er disease 5–20 people will go on to develop cirrhosis over a period of 20–30 years 1–5 people will die from cirrhosis or liver ca

s include:Using intravenous (IV) or injection drugs Being infected while pregnant (the mother can pass the virus to the baby) Ca
one, the viral genome indeed replicates in a helper-independent manner, but virus particles are not releasedIndividuals who ar

on features include diarrhea, arthralgia, pruritus, and urticarial rashSome patients have asymptomatic infection.
munosuppressed people. Reactivation of hepatitis E infection has also been reported in immunocompromised people.

genes involved. However, they do not know exactly how the gene defects lead to the abnormal blood vessels seen in persons w

pain Chills Difficulty moving some of the muscles in the face Drooping eyelid (ptosis) Fever and chills General ill-feeling Genital
 chickens, bats, or blackbirds Pre-existing COPD Weakened immune system, such as in people who have AIDS

. People who have a suppressed immune system and very young children are more likely to develop this condition. If this occu

ns Pollen Shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, milk, and other foodsHives may also develop as a result of:Emotional stress Extreme cold or

olved in different types of cancer, with the following incidences: Cervical cancer: The most common HPV -associated cancer. Alm
artner who has had many partners.
r physician in order to detect abnormalities in their early stages, so that proper treatment may be started.
the prognosis will depend on the course of the infection, whether it is asymptomatic or it evolves into a cellular abnormality th

the sweating occurs as a result of another medical condition, it is called secondary hyperhidrosis. The sweating may be all over

to four weeks.

y than men, and is more common in children than adults. The disease affects boys and girls equally.

skin where there is no visible break. It is most common in children, particularly those in unhealthy living conditions. In adults, i

and visual problems.

ncy anemia Kidney disease Liver disease with jaundice Pregnancy Reactions to medications and substances such as antibiotics
t have an obvious cause, you have total body itching, or you have hives that keep returning. Unexplained itching may be a symp
d discomfort, even bowel obstruction.Lesions in lung: When Kaposi's sarcoma in lung, it can make coughing, bloody sputum, sh
ty.People who have kidney or other organ transplants are also at risk for Kaposi's sarcoma.African Kaposi's sarcoma is fairly com
more likely to get Kaposi's sarcoma than women in many places. But in Africa, men, women and children are all at risk of Kaposi

Frequent urination Headache Jaundice Limping Mental deterioration Rash (petechiae or purpura) Seborrheic dermatitis of the
aks among children ages 5 to10.Pulmonary histiocytosis X is a specific type of this disorder that involves swelling of the small ai

ness, and appetite loss. Weakness increases as the disease gets worse. Other symptoms of systemic visceral leishmaniasis may

stem by decreasing the numbers of disease-fighting cells. Cases of leishmaniasis have been reported on all continents except Au

tra caution is required to ensure your body is not injured. The disease may cause symptoms, such as: Skin lesions that may be f
g large, disfiguring lumps and bumps (nodules). Also, forms of the disease eventually cause nerve damage in the arms and legs,
since they may have been exposed to the leprosy bacteria. However, as soon as patients start treatment, they are no longer ab

ed into a large, flat-topped lesion Lesions have distinct, sharp borders Possibly covered with fine white streaks or scratch marks

nly located on the ankle, wrist, neck, rectum/anal area, forearms, thighs, lower leg, back of the knee, inner elbow Exaggerated

E) Rheumatoid arthritis AIDS - generalized lymphadenopathy is an early sign of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (H
 0 who get measles will develop encephalitis. (This is an inflammation of the brain that can lead to convulsions, and can leave y

ats when they breathe or put their fingers in their mouth or nose after handling an infected surface. The virus remains active an

arger than about 1/4 inch, although sometimes melanomas can be smaller.E volution over time: The mole is growing or changin
e factors: Clinical surveys suggest that patients treated with Immunosuppressive medication, such as transplant patients, have a

ity. Microsporidia can spread throughout the body causing disease in the brain, urinary system, gall bladder and blood.

bout 94%. 1. Modern frozen section method. Frozen section histology does not give the added margin of safety by the cytotox
or plug of white, cheesy or waxy material. In adults, the lesions are commonly seen on the genitals, abdomen, and inner thigh

ened area of skin that may have a blackened center.

pneumonia that gets worse quickly and may spread to the chest cavity, heart, and brain Mucormycosis of the gastrointestinal
ape of the nail or ingrown skin under the nail. Certain infections (especially of the heart valve) may cause red streaks in the nail

or 2 small café-au-lait spots, adults with 6 or more spots greater than 1.5 cm in diameter are likely to have neurofibromatosis. In

loping severe tumors. In rare cases, these can shorten a person's lifespan.
as possible.

mbers of plantar warts on the foot may cause difficulty walking or running. Some warts will disappear without treatment, althou

the future if they are not properly cleaned.

or chewingPain or weakness of arm on movement.Trouble in seeing.

ers or forms an open sore. The area around the sore may be red and irritated. Stage III: The skin breakdown now looks like a cr

ourishment (malnourishment)

ma or breast cancer. Disorders with body-wide effects, such as chronic renal failure, iron deficiency anemia or jaundice. Psycho
 or aching (psoriatic arthritis) Nail changes, including: Nail thickening Yellow-brown spots Indentation (pitting) on the nail surfac
ns, including strep throat and upper respiratory infections Dry air or dry skin Injury to the skin, including cuts, burns, and insect

ningococcemia

sh include:Eczema (atopic dermatitis) -- tends to happen in people with allergies or asthma. The rash is generally red, itchy, and

e you eaten anything unusual of late? Do you have any other symptoms like itching or scaling? What are your underlying medic
s. The pain is rarely severe. There may be ulcers on the affected fingers.
ndsystemic lupus erythematosus Repeated injury, particularly from vibrations such as those caused by typing or playing the pia

ours to 2 - 3 days. It usually does not itch.Other symptoms include:Irritability High fever that comes on quickly

w hours to 2 to 3 days. It usually does not itch.

d the lips; A red and sore throat that can have white or yellow patches; A fever of 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 degrees Celsius
ng utensils. It is especially important for anyone with a sore throat to wash his or her hands often and not share eating or drinki

urn blue or white in response to hot and cold temperatures (See: Raynaud's phenomenon) Hair loss Skin hardness Skin that is a
 ns and small children up to age 3.Cradle cap is not contagious, nor is it caused by poor hygiene. It is not an allergy, and it is not

pain Chills Difficulty moving some of the muscles in the face Drooping eyelid (ptosis) Fever and chills General ill-feeling Genital l

nless they are treated, and they may last for years. The sores may sometimes drain small amounts of pus.Body-wide (systemic)

as early as possible. Conditions with symptoms similar to sqaumous cell carcinoma are:EczemaCondyloma acuminata or genita
s who have been treated with immunosuppressive medications such as transplant patients, have an increased risk of developin

rance of the skin Dark brown colorSkin sores (ulcers) may develop (called a venous ulcer or stasis ulcer). These most often form

y extremely painful and reduce the patient's ability to eat or drink. Conjunctivitis of the eyes occurs in about 30% of children wh

ressed and have a different texture than normal skin.Striae may also occur as a result of abnormal collagen formation, or a resu

produce eggs, which hatch into tiny larvae and pass out of the body. Unlike other worms, these larvae can reenter the body thr

serious long-term health effects, including skin cancer. By the time the skin starts to become painful and red, the damage has b
s in adulthood, but is caused by sun exposure and sunburns that began as early as childhood. You can help prevent skin cancer
tibiotic doxycycline) can make you more susceptible to sunburn.
the sweating occurs as a result of another medical condition, it is called secondary hyperhidrosis. The sweating may be all over

to four weeks.
riaImage courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birm
use, see Drug-induced lupus erythematosus

condition also may be related to:Bone marrow transplantation Cancer Chemotherapy Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

ng) and minor injuries to your skin, scalp, or nails.

easing sense of tension before the hair pulling Other self-injury behaviors Sense of relief, pleasure, or gratification after the hair

ngual warts appear under and around the fingernails or toenails. Abnormally dark or light skin surrounding the lesion Numerou
mbers of plantar warts on the foot may cause difficulty walking or running. Some warts will disappear without treatment, althou

n (bite or scratch) Pain may occur in the area before the swelling appearsSymptoms appear suddenly, typically 2 - 3 days after
as into the home. Flea bite exposure may result in primary bubonic plague or septicemic plague.Contact with contaminated flu
ortly after, a plague epizootic People that visit places where rodents have recently died from plague, because of the risk of bein
of personal contact.

pearing more male than female: Deep voice, early appearance of pubic and armpit hair, excessive hair growth and facial hair Ea

e-pattern baldness.

s sound waves to create a picture of the internal organs. For patients with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, pelvis ultrasonography

er blood types. Being exposed to another type of blood can cause a reaction. This is important when a patient needs to receive

rasites, and foreign substances.Abscesses in the skin are easy to see. They are red, raised, and painful. Abscesses in other areas

ontractions are called peristalsis.)Achalasia is a rare disorder. It may occur at any age, but is most common in middle-aged or ol

hould tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

ss, often gradually - although in some cases occurs suddenly - and occurring on only one side or more pronounced on one side
o sided tumor.

fore its more likely to preserve hearing.

ay trap nerves, causing carpal tunnel syndrome, which results in numbness and weakness of the hands. Body organs, including
the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus makes hormones that regulate the pituitary. One of the hormones in the GH series, or “
Inflammatory conditions, such as those due to a virus or immune system problem In some cases, no cause can be identified.

textile manufacturing, or grain handling); infections.

nth, some doctors may issue a referral to an otorhinolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat doctor) to see if a condition other than
, kidneys, lungs, heart, or testes.Common symptoms of chronic or acute leukemia may include:-Swollen lymph nodes that usua

abdominal fullness Hiccups Skin rash or lesion Swollen abdomenDiseases with similar symptoms include:Gallstones Pancreatic
d levels in the blood (hypertriglyceridemia)What exactly causes pancreatitis is not well known. It is thought that enzymes the p

al medication.
tnasal drip Sore throat
e winter or rainy seasons.A cold virus would being spread through tiny air droplets, released when the sick person sneezes, cou

skin is most visible on scars; skin folds; pressure points such as the elbows, knees, knuckles, and toes; lips; and mucous membr
autoimmune disorders, in which the immune system makes antibodies that attack the body's own tissues or organs and slowly

use of extra medication during illness. Pregnancy is possible, but will require extra monitoring of the replacement medication.

may have thoughts of suicide or make a suicide attempt.

sceptibility to stress may be influenced by factors such as:Coping strategies Intelligence Flexibility Genetic factors Social skills

nclude:Increased thirst Muscle cramps Urination Weakness

his type of tumor.

ness Problems with thinking speed and visual memoryAdrenal gland failure (Addison type):Coma Decreased appetite Increased
hy -- occurs in men in their 20s or later in life Impaired adrenal gland function (called Addison disease or Addison-like phenotyp

that the environment is unreal Unusual temper or agitation

d cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced.

ght),Swollen glands, chills, weaknessWeight lossSore throatDiarrheaMouth sores including yeast infections.
blood clotting factor that you got before 1985. (But today it is unlikely you could get infected that way because all blood in the

ack, or tarry bowel movements (melena) Breast development in males Changing mood Confusion (encephalopathy)Changed le
to the development of alcoholic liver disease:Genetic factors Personal susceptibility to alcohol-induced liver disease Toxicity of

stones may be more common in people with alkaptonuria.

y days. On cool, damp, rainy days most pollen is washed to the ground.Allergies tend to run in families, although they are not in

patients can have higher levels of AAT in their blood, and therefore have a less severe condition.Persons with this deficiency m

ine, or to walk at all Shortness of breath at rest

cause confusion, coma, and, if untreated, death.Approximately 20% of people will develop mild symptoms at altitudes betwee

ular vision: Limited depth perception Difficulty seeing the three-dimensional images in hidden stereoscopic displays such as aut
5% of the population. Amblyopia is caused primarily by one of two factors: improper alignment of the eyes (known as strabism
son's ability to think or reason.Symptoms include:Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing Choking easily Drooling Gagging Hea

A lump or swelling near the anus

other digestive tract tumors, people occur in the age of 50 years or older. Cigarette smoking ：Like some cancer, smoking also
walls. An abundant of blood loss may lead to shock and death. You need to go to hospital as soon as possible.

d persons with Crohn's disease.

pubic area and under the arms. They do not menstruate and testes are undescended. At adult, they are unable to conceive a ch
italia, to a completely female external phenotype.

hemoglobin.Possible causes of anemia include:Certain medications Chronic diseases such as cancer, ulcerative colitis, or rheu

mpared to the risk in the general population.

hic personality is a similar but more severe disorder.

e of him like you want before.” As a result, it is often difficult to follow what the person is trying to say. People with Wernicke’s
m) uncompleted sentences inability to read inability to write
 weeks. Particularly large ulcers (greater than 1 cm in diameter) often take longer to heal (2 to 4 weeks). Occasionally, a severe

ea Vomiting Constipation or diarrhea Inability to pass gas Low-grade fever that follows other symptoms The feeling that passin
An inflamed appendix will likely burst if not removed. Bursting spreads infection throughout the abdomen—a potentially dange

edical evacuation. Appendectomies have occasionally been performed in emergency conditions (i.e. outside of a proper hospita

oint inflammation goes away after the cause goes away or is treated. Sometimes it does not. When this happens, you have chro
tis.Modifiable risk factorsOverweight and Obesity: Excess weight can contribute to both the onset and progression of knee oste
te treatment can make a difference in pain and joint damage. The earlier you understand your arthritis, the earlier you can star

h and reach the small intestine. During movement through the lungs the larvae may produce an uncommon form of pneumoni

ea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than its normal gradual curve.
tions at regular intervals in order to detect any astigmatism early on for children.

e estrogen levels in women, as part of the treatment for breast cancer, endometriosis, fibroids, or infertility Radiation treatmen

ot follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace Has difficulty organizing task
used with, or appear with, ADHD. Every child suspected of having ADHD should be carefully examined by a doctor to rule out po

or example, they may refuse to wear "itchy" clothes and become distressed if they are forced to wear the clothes) Have unusu
) problems are also more common in families with autism.A number of other possible causes have been suspected, but not pro
finitions of autism. The term "autism" now includes a wider spectrum of children. For example, a child who is diagnosed with hi
es, reproductive issues (hypogonadism), digestive issues (Celiac disease) and neuromuscular disease (myasthenia gravis). Type

virus ” refers to influenza A viruses found chiefly in birds, but infections with these viruses can occur in humans. The risk from a

difficult for the virus to spread to another person.

ack pain.Chronic pain, on the other hand, may come on either quickly or slowly, and it lingers a long time. In general, pain that
can lead to pain if the back is stressed. Other mechanical causes of back pain include spasms, muscle tension, and ruptured dis
e physical activity a daily habit. Studies show that low-impact aerobic exercise is good for the disks that cushion the vertebrae,
ou have pain along with any of the following problems: trouble urinating; weakness, pain, or numbness in your legs; fever; or u

wimming pools, or from touching objects around them. Women who have never had sexual intercourse may also be affected.

ngerous and requires immediate medical attention.

mptoms may include:Breathing problems Cognitive problems (these do not get worse over time) Fatigue Loss of balance and co

nly and reach their peak within 48 hours, lead to significant facial distortion.Other symptoms may include pain or discomfort a
nt blood and oxygen supply). In some mild cases (where recovery is rapid), there is damage only to the myelin sheath of the ner

he same or the opposite side of the face.

s of mania occur with bipolar disorder I. In people with bipolar disorder II, the symptoms of mania are similar but less intense.T
as extreme as mania (called hypomania). These periods alternate with episodes of depression. A mild form of bipolar disorder

acteristics of the bleeding can indicate its causes. These include:Length of bleeding Quality (light or heavy bleeding, with or wit

eting and overexercising Grooming to excess (for example, shaving the same patch of skin over and over) Avoiding any situation
ards of perfection judges some part of their body as ugly. Over time, this behaviour becomes more and more compulsive. West

oma occurs mainly in older adults (over age 40). The risk increases with advancing age. This disease rarely occurs in children and

rcoma, particularly if they are treated with radiation. Additionally, people who have hereditary defects of bones and people wi
tment is safe for patients and effective against the disease.People interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk with the
ate anger Impulsiveness with money, substance abuse, sexual relationships, binge eating, or shoplifting Intolerance of being alo

as'The Devil's grip' reflect this symptom.Once inside the body, the coxsackie viruses multiply in the throat and intestines then

e weakness
e eaten and grow within the baby's gastrointestinal tract. The most common cause of infant botulism is eating honey or corn sy

ery ischemia) Injury to the abdominal blood supply Intra-abdominal infection Kidney or lung disease Use of certain medications

can block the blood vessels of the brain.The germs that cause a brain abscess usually reach the brain through the blood. The so
can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
ypes:Astrocytic tumors include astrocytomas (less malignant), anaplastic astrocytomas, and glioblastomas (most malignant). Oli

be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

es up as a woman gets older. Most cases of breast cancer occur in women over 60. This disease is not common before menopau

ymph nodes in the US (The American Cancer Society) 76% of women survive breast cancer if it is detected even over 5cm in dia
ey do not become cancerous later. A doctor can feel during an exam whether a lump is a fibroadenoma. The only way to be sure
m in the past year

the muscles between the ribs retracting (intercostal retractions) as the child tries to breathe in air. This can be exhausting for th
e fall and winter months. It is a very common reason for infants to be hospitalized during winter and early spring. It is estimated

ders Headache Hot, cold, or sweet sensitivity in the teeth Insomnia Sore or painful jaw
misaligned Your posture Your ability to relax Your diet Your sleeping habits Each person is probably different.
or clinical massage.Dentists who have more experience in evaluating and treating TMJ disorders will typically take x-rays and pr

emic may be started this way. In the Middle Ages, massive plague epidemics killed millions of people. Today, plague is rare in th

with blood clotting Oral contraceptives PregnancyHepatic vein obstruction is the most common cause of Budd-Chiari syndrom

es as being overweight. Because the person's weight is often normal, other people may not notice this eating disorder.Symptom

ual on a hard surface, for example. It occurs more often with age.
cases, but byssinosis is still common in developing countries.

d has been vomiting for more than 12 hours (in a newborn under 3 months you should call as soon as vomiting or diarrhea begi

the hand Pain extending to the elbow Pain in the wrist or hand in one or both hands Problems with fine finger movements (co
s due to a congenital predisposition - some people have smaller carpal tunnels than other people do. Carpal tunnel syndrome i

mild vision changes.Other symptoms may include:Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription

ms, such as glaucoma. Cataracts also can develop in people who have other health problems, such as diabetes. Cataracts are so

to thrive in infants, delayed growth and short stature, delayed puberty, and dental enamel defects of the permanent teeth.Ad

n does not occur on its own. It is a complication of treatment for other conditions or from the other conditions themselves.

d May resemble a migraine headache in some cases Problems walking Seizures of all types and severity Symptoms caused by p

woman with any of these symptoms should tell her doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
t adults have been infected with HPV at some time in their lives, but most infections clear up on their own. Some types of HPV
tests are normal, your chance of getting cervical cancer in the next few years is very low. For that reason, your doctor may tell
such as poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, or mouth sores) can make it hard to eat well. Your doctor, a registered dietitian, or ano
inflammation and may lead to stiffness of the lungs, which decreases the ability of the lungs to get oxygen to the body. Unchec

ly formed blisters occur in groups. They are usually seen on the eyelids, in the mouth and in the vagina.Numerous blisters are o
e observed in children younger than ten years old. The disease is usually mild, although serious complications sometimes occur

ch)In addition, travelers to Africa, Asia, and islands in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific are also at risk, as the virus is prese

olangiocarcinoma is rare. It occurs in approximately 2 out of 100,000 people.

nt for x-rays until 1950s, was found to lead to hepatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma.Obesity: Epidemiological survey show be

ry biliary cirrhosis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Sarcoidosis Serious infections that have spread through the bloodstream (seps
gnancy, or genital tumor.

a childMany women (about 70%) who initially have a poor outlook go into remission (a disease-free state).
n with ejaculation Testicular pain

may have a lump in the same area of the breast that becomes larger before each period and shrinks afterward. This type of lum

serious complications.

for a proper amount of time Forgetfulness Concentration problems Confusion Joint pain but no swelling or redness Headaches

more common in North America and Europe than in Asia.

ent Fatigue Heat Stress

 of pleasure from activities that normally make you happy, including sex.Depressed children may not have the same symptoms
friend or girlfriend Certain types of cancer Death of a relative or friend Divorce, including a parent's divorce Failing a class Illnes
mber or friend has asked you to cut back, you feel guilty about the amount of alcohol you drink, or you drink alcohol first thing i

associated with this disease: Ankle or feet swelling Enlarged or draning lymph nodes Joint swelling
hronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis can develop 20 or more years after initial infection. Infections (lung abscesses) can form

ay occur in severe cases.

s and greens, too.Color blindness is often inherited genetically. It is most commonly inherited from mutations in a X-linked rece
rits a normal X chromosome in addition to the one which carries the mutation, she will not display the mutation. Men do not h

or so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

not clear in all cases. Inherited genes, shared environmental factors and some combination of these may contribute to the dev
m or colon walls. An abundant of blood loss may lead to shock and death. You need to go to hospital as soon as possible.

tnasal drip Sore throat

e winter or rainy seasons.A cold virus would being spread through tiny air droplets, released when the sick person sneezes, cou

etween warm or cold Faster growth of nails and hair Muscle spasms and joint pain Severe burning, aching pain that worsens wi
that control the blood vessels and sweat glands.The damaged nerves are no longer able to properly control blood flow, feeling

ng or destroying propertyThese children often make no effort to hide their aggressive behaviors. They may have a hard time ma
Both conditions carry a risk for alcohol or other drug addiction.Conduct disorder also can be an early sign of depression or bipo
e patches on the anus and outer vagina Joint swelling Refusal to move a painful arm or leg Saber shins (bone problem of the low

uently a sticky mucus discharge, and there is variable redness. Viral conjunctivitis: Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with an
rainage on them (e.g. eye makeup applicators, towels, shared eye medications). Contact with the infected person’s fingers or h
e exposed to the bacteria in the birth canal. It must be treated immediately to prevent blindness.

distress and cannot be turned on and off at will.The physical symptoms are thought to be an attempt to resolve the conflict the

ratches against the surface upon removal, thereby allowing easier bacterial penetration. Examples of viruses, fungi, and parasi

muscular jerks), Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).

curvature of the spine Assymetric rib cageIncreased heart tissue Heart defects present since birth Arrhythmia, abnormal electr
lead to the production of an HRAS protein that is permanently active. Instead of triggering cell growth in response to particula

r sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early

e condition, and children with craniosynostosis are otherwise healthy and have normal intelligence.There are different types of

distinguished by extremely rapid progression from onset of symptoms to disability and death.
65 Familial CJD results when a person inherited the abnormal prion (inherited CJD is rare) Classic CJD is not related to mad cow

rited. The deletion occurs most often as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or in early f

rents to develop the severe form of the condition. Parents who are carriers (with just one defective gene) have about half the e

es Liver inflammation Loss of appetite Pain with passing stool (tenesmus) Rectal bleeding and bloody stools Skin rash Swollen g
which leads to ulcerations and bowel injury.Scientists do not know if the abnormality in the functioning of the immune system
or to determine the cause.

ding to home treatmentDo NOT wait until morning to address the problem.

aches and rib or spinal column fractures. Women with Cushing’s syndrome usually have excess hair growth on their face, neck,
se their bodies produce too much cortisol. Normally, the production of cortisol follows a precise chain of events. First, the hypo

s to the "closed" deletion review, then don't allow people to close it 13 hours after it is opened, when their viewpint is losing. A

re more likely to get an infection after sexual intercourse or when using a diaphragm for birth control. Menopause also increase
a hip fracture)

es viruses remain in your body for the rest of your life. If your immune system becomes weakened in the future, this virus may
delirium began (anterograde amnesia) Unable to remember events before delirium (retrograde amnesia) Disrupted or wande

atigue Seizures Most common in first 12 - 48 hours after last drink Most common in people with past complications from alcoho
or alcoholism for more than 10 years.

outes Personality changes and loss of social skills Losing interest in things you previously enjoyed, flat mood Difficulty perform
ease Multiple sclerosis Huntington's disease Pick's disease Progressive supranuclear palsy Infections that can affect the brain, s

inopathies.DLB usually occurs sporadically, in people with no known family history of the disease. However, rare familial cases

without support from others Having problems expressing disagreements with others

elf-hatred Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once fun Thinking or talking about suicide or death Trouble sleepin
le control over negative eventsAdolescent girls are twice as likely as boys to experience depression. A family history of depress
or getting worse Side effects of medicationsNEVER IGNORE A SUICIDE THREAT OR ATTEMPT!

itors may notice smells of urine or stool. Clothes may be dirty and wrinkled. Not taking care of the home. Stopping medicines o
may make symptoms worse.Depression can be a sign of a physical illness. It can be a psychological reaction to the illness, or dir
rson should drink fluids only when thirsty and not at other times. The drug prevents water excretion, and water can build up no

ttack or stroke Medications that lower glucose tolerance or increase fluid loss (in people who are losing or not getting enough fl

ed, may reach a length of 30 feet. Eggs are formed in each segment of the worm and are passed in the stool. Sometimes, parts

-fiber diets.Fiber is the part of fruits, vegetables, and grains that the body cannot digest. Some fiber, called soluble fiber, dissol

xam usually involves a digital rectal exam. To perform this test, the doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to
ea is called the inguinal folds. The genitals and the skin around them lose skin color. In its early stages, it may be hard to tell the
20-40. The disease is rarely seen in children or the elderly.

ne (pyridium) QuinidineThere are other, rarer causes of drug-induced hemolytic anemia. This includes hemolytic anemia associ

a wheelchair.
fective gene but no symptoms themselves) each have a 50% chance of having the disease. The daughters each have a 50% chan

Other symptoms caused by changes in hormone levels are:Excessive growth of body hair in a male pattern (hirsutism) Hot flash
important hormones.Ovulation is the part of the normal menstrual cycle when an egg is released from the ovaries. The most c

nues after your period is over.

lves, their future, other people, and life events. Problems often seem more difficult to solve.

emselves Withdrawing from friends or being unwilling to go out anywhere

due to the excessive muscle contractionsThe initial symptoms can be very mild and may be noticeable only after prolonged exe
dystonia have no connection to disease or injury and are called primary or idiopathic dystonia. Of the primary dystonias, many c

om infected animals and animal materials. Ebola can also be spread between humans, by close contact with infected bodily flu
erson comes into contact with an animal that has Ebola, it can spread within the community from human to human.Infection o
feeling of pain in skin Rash over the entire body, often containing blood (hemorrhagic) Roof of mouth looks red Seizures, coma
ontacting the Ebola virus
tors and by other factors, such as smoking.Most cases of scarring are caused by:Past ectopic pregnancy Past infection in the fal

ain carbon dioxide have asterixis (metabolic flap) at the wrist.

ma typically affects the lower lungs, while centrilobular emphysema affects the upper lungs. A1AD causes about 2% of all emphy

he membrane covering the pituitary gland allows fluid in, which presses on the pituitary.Secondary empty sella syndrome occu

cognize:Body stiffness Irritability and crying more often (these symptoms may get worse when the baby is picked up) Poor feed
tis caused by the herpes simplex virus is the leading cause of more severe cases in all ages, including newborns.A number of vir

ay develop associated shame, guilt, or loss of self-esteem. The child may try to hide the discovery of the problem.

ot been shown to increase the risk of endometrial cancer.Beginning to have menstrual periods at an early age also increases the

and many sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

y at night. This may cause intense itching. The area can also be infected. When the child scratches the itching anal area, the egg
 ch as touching or shaking hands Touching objects or surfaces that have the virus on themIf you touch your eyes, nose, or mout

sion of epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR correlates with unfavorable outcome. Over-expression of kinetochore proteins

mumps is now rare in the United States. Orchitis may also occur along with infections of the prostate or epididymis.Epididymoor

in one eye Headache (severe) Head injury or trauma followed by loss of consciousness, an period of alertness, then rapid dete
ed by motorcycle or automobile accidents. Extradural hemorrhages can be caused by venous (from a vein) bleeding in young ch
g breathing difficulties, convulsions/seizures, decreased responsiveness, loss of consciousness, enlarged pupils, and uneven pup

weaken the immune system can make adults more prone to epiglottitis.Epiglottitis is most common in children between 2 and

or is large enough to block the esophagus. Some patients describe a feeling of pressure or burning in the chest.Hiccups: This ha
ctors for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus include:Male gender Obesity Smoking
the esophagus are replaced with glandular cells when reflux of stomach acid into the lower esophagus continues for a long per

er or drugs to suppress your immune system following an organ transplantation Being very old or very young Being in poor hea
mon in younger people. Gender Overall, the risk of NHL is higher in men than in women, but there are certain types of NHL that

e medical causes of failure to thrive. These include:Chromosome abnormalities such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome

hosis Hepatocellular carcinoma

mooth groove in upper lip Smooth and thin upper lip

ll amounts of alcohol.Timing of alcohol use during pregnancy is also important. Alcohol use appears to be the most harmful dur

nd treated as early as possible.

s, uterine artery embolization, and focused ultrasound treatment.

has the characteristic "slapped cheek" rash of fifth disease, for example, he or she is probably no longer contagious and may re

nce the infection is controlled, the anemia resolves. Furthermore, persons who have problems with their immune systems may

s vitamin through your diet to maintain normal levels.You can get folate by eating green leafy vegetables and liver.Causes of fo
ysts Chronic thyroiditis

such as Gardner syndrome, Cowden disease, and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at higher risk of developing follicula
 most animals eventually recover from FMD, the disease can lead to myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and death
xsackie A virus, is different from FMDV. Coxsackie A also belongs to the Picornaviridae family. Coxsackie viruses belong to the E
tor if you think you have experienced a gallbladder attack. Although these attacks often pass as gallstones move, your gallbladd

to high feverModerate to severe pain around a skin injuryPale skin color, later becoming dusky and changing to dark red or pur
cases occur without an irritating event. Patients most at risk for this usually have underlying blood vessel disease (atherosclero

nteritis usually appear within 4 - 48 hours after exposure to the contaminated food or water.Bacterial gastroenteritis Salmonell

posite sex Withdraw from social interaction

ss-dress, and some may seek sex-change surgery. Others are born with ambiguous genitalia, which can raise questions about th

n becoming startled very easilyAlong with the worries and anxieties, a number of physical symptoms may also be present, inclu

n becoming startled very easilyAlong with the worries and anxieties, a number of physical symptoms may also be present, inclu

mals can become contaminated with the Giardia parasite. People become infected when they swallow the parasite. It is not po
kpackers, hikers, and campers who drink unsafe water or who do not practice good hygiene (for example, proper handwashing)

rugs use, like abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban which all antagonize αIIbβ3 Platelet transfusions

e pressureCongenital glaucomaSymptoms are usually noticed when the child is a few months old Cloudiness of the front of the
ild up in the eye. This pressure is called intraocular pressure (IOP). In most cases of glaucoma, this pressure is high and causes d
in Caucasians. Fifteen times more likely to cause blindness in African Americans between the ages of 45-64 than in Caucasians

u have symptoms of an angle-closure attack, as blindness will occur in a few days if it is not treated.Congenital glaucoma Early
urpura IgA nephropathy Lupus nephritis Membranoproliferative GN

such as fava beans), and certain drugs, including:Antimalarial drugs Aspirin Nitrofurantoin Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

thmia and lithium for psychiatric disorders, may increase the risk of developing goitre. Radiation: Clinical surveys demonstrate t

me people inherit an immune system that can make antibodies against healthy cells, but predicting who will be affected is diffic

ill between birth and 6 days of life (most often in the first 24 hours). This is called early-onset GBS disease. The infant may also

me ill between birth and 6 days of life (most often in the first 24 hours). This is called early-onset GBS disease. The infant may a

ir peers. Growth hormone deficiency in adults More fat: With this deficiency, fat is deposited more easily around the middle of

d there is weakness in those muscles, the person may need breathing assistance.Typical symptoms include:Loss of reflexes in th
ge causes tingling, muscle weakness, and paralysis. The inflammation usually affects the nerve's covering (myelin sheath). Such

ental status (confusion) Meningitis (infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord) Fever Headache Stiff neck Nausea wi

ss Severe illness, including liver failure, kidney failure, AIDS, and brain cancer
oms. Other people have one or more of these common symptoms of hypothyroidism:Fatigue Weight gain Cold intolerance Join
other endocrine disorders caused by the immune system. Hashimoto's disease can occur with adrenal insufficiency and type 1 d
n susceptible individuals. Certain drugs or viral infections may also contribute to autoimmune thyroid diseases. People with oth
g through the nose, frequent headaches, swelling or other trouble with the eyes, pain in the upper teeth, or problems with de
un exposure (lip); possibly human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Salivary glands. Radiation to the head and neck. This exposur

ndardize clinical trial criteria for research studies, and attempt to define prognostic categories of disease. Squamous cell cance

gnosed as:Flu or other viral illness Gallbladder disease Hepatitis Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Lupus flare Thromb

owing symptoms:Fatigue (feeling very tired) Weakness Weight loss Abdominal pain Joint painAs iron builds up in the body orga
s of the mutated HFE gene develop the disease. Some studies have shown that as few as 1 in 100 people will develop symptom
a close relative (grandparent, mother, father, sibling, niece, nephew) who has hemochromatosis have a higher chance of havin

ften present at birth (hereditary). They include: Abnormalities in the proteins that build normal red blood cells Differences in the

cytopenic purpura (TTP).

nd urinary tract hemorrhage Nosebleeds Prolonged bleeding from cuts, tooth extraction, and surgery Spontaneous bleeding
, she is considered a carrier. This means the defective gene can be passed down to her children. In a woman who carries the de

urine or stool Bruising Excessive bleeding following circumcision Gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract hemorrhage Noseblee
dered a carrier. This means the defective gene can be passed down to her children.Boys born to a woman who carries the defe

nt of any inhibitors can be lifesaving in the event of an emergency situation.

f hands or arms Agitation, excitement, or seizures (occur rarely) Disorientation Drowsiness or confusion Inappropriate behavio
duced by the body when proteins are digested, is one of the harmful substances that is normally made harmless by the liver. M

nfants are usually diagnosed by the time they are 6 months old.
s Fatigue Fever, usually low-grade General itching Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes) Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting
e can also be caused by inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis, Wilson's disease or hemochromatosis, a condition that involv

get jaundiced, while more that 70% of older patients do. Adults have signs and symptoms of illness more often than children, a
cquiring Hepatitis A are:Direct Person-to-person transmission Eating food made by someone who has HAV who did not proper

may harm the liver. Hepatitis can cause liver failure and death, but this is rare and occurs mostly with people over the age of 50

e few or no symptoms. They may not even look sick. As a result, they may not know they are infected. However, they can still s
ring this time, the virus can still cause infection if it enters the body of a person who is not protected by the vaccine. The incuba
me chronically infected during childhood die from hepatitis B-related liver cancer or cirrhosisRisk factors for hepatitis B infectio

smit the infection. They are considered carriers of the disease, even if they do not have any symptoms.Liver cancer is almost alw

phene Familial adenomatous polyposis Vascular disorders such as portal vein agenesis, Budd-Chiari syndrome and hereditary h

hat increases pressure on the abdominal wall tissue and muscles may lead to a hernia, including:Chronic constipation, straining

lungs while sleeping.Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any

vomit.Milder cases may not be diagnosed until later ages. In older children, the disease may cause chronic constipation, abdom

fication Needing to be the center of attention (self-centeredness) Quickly changing emotions, which may seem shallow to other

ght),Swollen glands, chills, weaknessWeight lossSore throatDiarrheaMouth sores including yeast infections.
blood clotting factor that you got before 1985. (But today it is unlikely you could get infected that way because all blood in the
flushingNote: Symptoms caused by Hodgkin's lymphoma may also occur also with other conditions. Talk to your doctor about th
hey had found certain changes in the genes responsible for immunity in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma.Socioeconomic statu

r causes, including complications of the treatment, rather than from Hodgkin's disease.People with Hodgkin's lymphoma whos

tor-associated pneumonia.Hospital-acquired pneumonia can also be spread by health care workers, who can pass germs from t

a) Shortness of breath Stuffy nose Wheezing

virus You touch your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something contamined by the virus, such as a toy or doorkn

anges Disorientation or confusionAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:Anxiety, stress, and tension Di
the greater your chance of developing symptoms at an earlier age. Therefore, as the disease is passed along in families, it beco

d trimester. This is almost always a sign of a hydatidiform mole, because preeclampsia is extremely rare this early in a normal p
astic disease.

y also be caused by inflammation or injury of the testicle or epididymis, or by fluid or blood blockage within the spermatic cord

e coordinating motor movements Difficulty walking Slowed growth Trouble eating Muscle spasms Loss of bladder control Naus
) Tumors Genetic defects In-utero infections Bleeding in the brain in premature infants Meningitis Other infections contracted

art or lung problems, severe anemia (thalassemia), and genetic defects, including Turner syndrome. The number of babies who

mptoms of hypoglycemia. Patients are misdiagnosed with diabetes and given insulin when it is not needed. Obesity and consum
e production slows down.There are two main types of hyperparathyroidism.Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by enlarge

e higher the GH levels are, the worse of the prognosis will be. For hyperpituitariam resulting from corticotropinoma: The conce

levels of insulin are often also present and may cause even higher triglyceride levels. Familial hypertriglyceridemia occurs in ab

isease is unreasonable or unfounded.

e unable to control the symptoms.People who have a history of physical or sexual abuse are more likely to have this disorder. H

es.Headaches Visual loss Galactorrhea Anorexia nervosa Fatigue and weakness

as possible.

ed the strength of your bones.

foreskin that makes the penis look "hooded"

ailure Cushing's disease Hypoparathyroidism Iron deficiency anemia Obesity Onset of menstruation (menarche) Pregnancy

nlein purpura, a form of vasculitis that affects many parts of the body Caucasian or Asian ethnicity

e or medication.Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia: accounts for one-half of all immune hemolytic anemias.

hers with poorly controlled diabetes will have a miscarriage or stillborn child.If the mother was diagnosed with diabetes before

mon in infants born full-term (at 40 weeks).In addition to prematurity, the following increase the risk of Infant RDS:A brother or

er or tumor Clotting disorders Diabetes Growths (such as fibroids or polyps) in the uterus and cervix Birth defects that affect the

er Fatigue Persistent, watery diarrheaOther symptoms may include:Abdominal fullness and gas Clotting problems (deep vein th
ks, including respiratory infections or physical stress.Causes of Crohn's disease: While the exact cause of Crohn's disease is unk

ighter drug with fewer side effects. Every so often an acute resurgence of the original symptoms may appear: this is known as a
people also develop a sore throat and headache. Runny nose (nasal discharge) and sneezing are common.These symptoms (ex
 d sugar levels (hypoglycemia). Hypoglycemia may be mild, leading to symptoms such as anxiety and hunger. Or it can be severe

anced ILD may have:Abnormal enlargement of the base of the fingernails (clubbing). Blue color of the lips, skin, or fingernails du
or that occur along with other diseases.There are several types of idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most

.If the mother is small, it may be normal for her the baby to be small, but this is not due to IUGR.Depending on the cause of IUG

ut injury. IVH may develop in full-term babies, but this is very uncommon.IVH is rarely present at birth. If it occurs, it will usually

r blood Heavy menstrual bleeding (women) Pain in the upper belly (from ulcers) Weight loss (in people with cancer)
n stores run low. You can get iron deficiency if:You lose more blood cells and iron than your body can replace Your body does no

stored in their bodies. Because they grow rapidly, infants and children need to absorb an average of 1 mg of iron per day.Since

he performance of athletes with anemia and iron deficiency.

f a problem with the liver, gallbladder, or pancreas. Infections, use of certain drugs, cancer, blood disorders, gallstones, birth de

on of GnRH. Cranial MRI: This imaging in patients with Kallmann syndrome may show deficient of olfactory bulb.

velops in the first week of life, but may be seen up until the third week. Newborns with Hemolytic disease of the newborn (pati

Urinary calculiUrinary tract infectionBladder cancer and ureter cancerUrinary tract tuberculosis

ht. Workplace exposures: Clinical studies have suggested that workplace exposure to certain substances such as asbestos, cadm
ure. Kidney stones often occur in premature infants.Some types of stones tend to run in families. Certain kinds of stones can oc

about 1 out of every 500 - 1,000 newborn males. Women who have pregnancies after age 35 are slightly more likely to have a b

inability to understand language eventually affects the child's spoken language which may progress to a complete loss of the a

ve a hard time putting words together into sentences, or their sentences may be simple and short and the word order may be o
elopmental disorders.Language disorders may occur in children with other developmental problems, autistic spectrum disorde
amed by a parent or caregiver At 18 months: does not follow simple directions, such as "get your coat" At 24 months: is not ab

DEXA) scans can be used to determine bone age. Cranial MRI: The goal of cranial MRI is to rule out growth hormone deficiency

t can lead to dangerous or fatal respiratory blockage. These forms include:Croup Epiglottitis
 , canoeing, kayaking, and trail biking in warm areas Household exposure -- pet dogs, domesticated livestock, rainwater catchm
osal surfaces, such as the eyes or nose, or with broken skin. The disease is not known to be spread from person to person.

e most common cause of pneumonia.The most common pneumonia-causing germ in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pne
c conditions) Recent surgery or trauma Immune system problem

e Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin syndrome)Exposure to chemicals such as given below may increase the risk of developin
sy. In needle biopsy, the doctor usually performs a punch biopsy and removes a tiny round piece of tissue using needle or a sm

e infected. It may occur as meningitis, pneumonia, septicemia, and endocarditis, or in milder forms as abscesses, skin lesion, an
r processed foods, including certain soft cheeses, processed (or ready-to-eat) meats, and smoked seafoodListeria are killed by
preterm labor, and illness or death in newborn infants.Pregnant women are about 10 times more likely than the general popula

and treated as early as possible.

oked.Secondhand smoke (breathing the smoke of others) increases your risk of lung cancer. According to the American Cancer
Radon is a radioactive gas that you cannot see, smell, or taste. It forms in soil and rocks. People who work in mines may be expo
on can cause diarrhea and lower abdominal pain. Women may develop abnormal connections called fistulas between the vagin

in younger people. Gender Overall, the risk of NHL is higher in men than in women, but there are certain types of NHL that are
the macula are able to function, people will see details less clearly in front of them. Often objects in the central vision look dist

age macular degeneration to advanced macular degeneration. Race: Caucasians are much more likely to lose vision from macu

.Nearly everyone with macular degeneration can move around, eat, perform personal hygiene, and do other routine activities w
g withdrawn or isolated Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyedThoughts of death or suicideTrouble sle
rm pain Certain medications such as steroids Sleeping problems Stressful life events, such as: Breaking up with a boyfriend or g
ng side effects. Never change or stop any medications without consulting your doctor.

SSUE DISEASERheumatoid arthritis Sarcoidosis Systemic lupus erythematosusENDOCRINE or METABOLIC DISEASEAdrenal gland

"incubation period") passes before the first symptoms manifest. The incubation period in most cases varies from 7 to 30 days.
a).Falciparum malaria, one of the five different types of malaria, affects a greater proportion of the red blood cells than the oth
ple who live in African countries south of the Sahara desert, where P. falciparum is common People who have little or no immu

c.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm#whatsort

poor balance Headache Lethargy Common cold symptoms

ms are present.
without treatment.Untreated mastoiditis may lead to permanent hearing impairment due to persistent fluid in the middle ear r
ch as Gardner syndrome, Cowden disease, and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at higher risk of developing medullary

with imagined events (confabulation), and disorientation to time and place may occur.Memory loss may be for words and thou

ff neck Mental status changes, such as lethargy, irritability, confusion, difficulty to concentrate, sleepiness or difficulty waking u
he most common fungi for these patients. Other fungi caused meningitis include histoplasma and coccidioides. Brain tumor Bra

menopause may include:Decreased interest in sex, possibly decreased response to sexual stimulation Forgetfulness (in some wo
y adjust to the hormonal changes. Hot flashes and sweats are at their worst for the first 1 - 2 years after the last period. Menop

age or ectopic pregnancy (when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus) Changes in birth control pills or es
pple discharge, excessive hair growth, deepening voice, unintentional weight loss or gain, or new acne.

ble until school age or later.The degree of impairment from mental retardation varies widely, from profoundly impaired to mil

n Cough or hemoptysis dizziness or hypotension oedema in legs FatigueOther health problems may also cause these symptoms.

e deficiency) occurs when red blood cells lack the enzyme. Type 2 (also called generalized reductase deficiency) occurs when th
 Cancer or precancer of the cervix, uterus, or (very rarely) fallopian tube Cervical or endometrial biopsy or other procedures

additional conditions may indirectly cause microcephaly: Uncontrolled phenylketonuria in the mother Methylmercury poisoni

Arabia. Camels in a few other countries have also tested positive for antibodies to MERS-CoV, indicating they were previously i

y or severity of migraine. Some triggers include:Anxiety Stress Food: Some migraines can be triggered by certain foods, includin
fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, cramps, dry mouth, or extreme thirst You are pregnant or coul

ain the primary infection.Disseminated disease can occur within weeks of the primary infection. Sometimes, it does not occur u

n Airway obstruction PneumonitisCases are almost never fatal.

rs, depending on the environment. Persons who breathe in the air containing these bacteria can become infected.

name of familiar objects Losing interest in things you previously enjoyed, flat mood Misplacing items Personality changes and l
the brain cannot get oxygen. Brain cells can die, causing permanent damage. When these strokes affect a small area, there ma

blems Weakness

nting many different doctors, sometimes in other states Frequent presentation at emergency departments, usually at different

h groups of symptoms that don't quite fit any known disease. Frequently, the children are made to suffer through unnecessary

s, nerve gas) Paralytic shellfish poisoningAnemia Myasthenia gravis Poliomyelitis

lood cells, a process called'extramedullary hematopoiesis'. This causes these organs to swell.The disorder usually develops slow

ntil age 2 or 3.

t from minutes to hours. Other symptoms can last for longer.The symptoms of Ménière's disease occur suddenly and can arise
causing nerve receptors in the membranous labyrinth to send signals to the brain about the body's motion. An increase in endo

mptoms, the disease progresses rapidly and usually causes death within about 5 days (range 1 to 12 days).

d, and/or un-chlorinated Water heaters with temperatures less than 47°CNaegleria fowleri is not found in salt water, like the o

elfish goals

e to move when you first wake up. It may also happen when you first become drowsy.Cataplexy is a sudden loss of muscle ton

o are fed concentrated formulas Infants in a nursery where an outbreak has occurred Infants who have received blood exchan

ay lead to tissue death from lack of oxygen. This blocked blood flow can affect all organs, including the kidneys, lungs, and brain

mon in infants born full-term (at 40 weeks).In addition to prematurity, the following increase the risk of Infant RDS:A brother or

uid (chorioamnionitis)Babies with late-onset neonatal sepsis get infected after delivery. The following increase an infant's risk o
n and optic neuropathy have also been observed. Cerebral hemisphere manifestations are mostly vague and non-specific includ
leading to spillage of neoplastic cells to the Virchow-Robin spaces thereby providing access to the subarachnoid space. Infiltrati
n) particularly tumors located in the cerebellum. Other cranial surgeries done with involvement of ventricular system manipula

e and better performance status has been demonstrated to have better prognosis. For lung cancer, the use of epidermal growth
elop symptoms of acute kidney failure or end-stage renal disease.
r lupus nephritis Syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases Typhoid fever Vasculitis Viral diseases such as mononucleosis,

whose acute nephritic syndrome does return will eventually develop end-stage kidney disease.

are considered to be " diagnoses of exclusion," meaning they are diagnosed only after secondary causes have been excluded.S

Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms s

but the disease may occur any time between early infancy to adulthood. Symptoms may include:Difficulty moving limbs (dysto
he body cannot properly break down cholesterol and other fats (lipids). This leads to too much cholesterol in the liver and splee

nd preservatives Products using chloride and formaldehyde

er can be cured in some cases. Stage IV cancer that has returned is almost never cured. The goals of therapy are to extend and

g or shortness of breath may occur if the cancer affects the thymus gland or lymph nodes in the chest, which may put pressure
cancer may be low grade (slow growing), intermediate grade, or high grade (fast growing). Burkitt's lymphoma is an example o
ma virus (HTLV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Exposure of chemicals such as benzene, certain herbicides and insecticides, exposure

llenging. Noroviruses are not related to bacteria or parasites that also can cause gastrointestinal illnesses.
ration.A person with this personality disorder has symptoms of perfectionism that usually begin in early adulthood. This perfec
dequate breathing much worse.

morrhage (bleeding in the brain) TetanusDrugs such as phenothiazines and other antipsychotic medications, can cause a side e

significant problems in school or social activities.

rritation from direct contact with the mucous membranes. Heavy alcohol use is another activity associated with increased risk

our immune system following an organ transplantation Being very old or very young Being in poor health
o much. People with poorly fitting dentures are also more likely to get thrush.

yelid, bug bites, or a recent eyelid injury.Orbital cellulitis infections in children may get worse very quickly and can lead to blind

kes (multi-infarct dementia) Heart infections (endocarditis, myocarditis) Stroke Transient ischemic attack (TIA)Degenerative dis
r an injury or if metal rods or plates are placed in the bone. In children, the long bones are usually affected. In adults, the feet,

syndrome and retinoblastoma may increase the risk of developing osteosarcoma.

A weakened immune system in the case of malignant otitis externa.

o infection may run in families) Not being breastfed Pacifier use Recent ear infection Recent illness of any type (lowers resistan

child's hearing. Children who have early hearing impairment from frequent ear infections are likely to have speech and languag

e or both ears. Risks for this condition include pregnancy and a family history of hearing loss. Caucasians are more likely to deve

ave total hearing loss. Treatment then involves developing skills to cope with deafness, and using hearing aids to transmit soun

reast cancer has higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. The reason may be inherited a mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Famil

ing Sudden and severe pelvic pain, often with nausea and vomiting, may be a sign of torsion or twisting of the ovary on its bloo
s (from puberty to menopause). Ovarian cysts are less common after menopause.No known risk factors have been found.Functi

ne called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to help trigger ovulation. You may have an even greater risk of this syndrome if

ing in the womb, pancreas divisum results. Fluid from the two parts of the pancreas drains into separate areas of the upper po

ould see a doctor so that the doctor can treat any problem as early as possible.
ncreases with age. Most pancreatic cancers occur in people over the age of 60. Smoking -- Cigarette smokers are two or three ti
or bilirubin and other substances. Bilirubin is a substance that passes from the liver to the gallbladder to the intestine. If the com
pain or discomfort Dizziness or faintness Fear of dying Fear of losing control or impending doom Feeling of choking Feelings of

nt Hostility

anoid schizophrenia usually does not involve the disorganized speech and behavior that is seen in other types of schizophrenia.

e production slows down.There are two main types of Parathyroid adenoma.Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by enlarge

e can last for a month. The serious complications of paratyphoid fever generally occur after 2–3 weeks of illness and may includ

ons: This appearance is cause by loss of movement in the muscles in the face. Patients with Parkinsonism may feel it difficult to

used to help doctors confirm or exclude the brain disease causing Parkinsonism.
o has had liceHaving head lice does NOT mean the person has poor hygiene or low social status. Having head lice causes intense

ple who experience an ectopic pregnancy or infertility often have had silent PID, which is usually caused by chlamydia infection
carriage Therapeutic or elective abortionIn the United States, nearly 1 million women develop PID each year. About 1 in 8 sexu

o clean them

nd the teeth, which fills with plaque and tartar. Soft tissue swelling traps the plaque in the pocket. Continued inflammation lea

old, like the water in a bathtub. You may not know when you have a small blister or sore on your feet.Muscle ProblemsDamage
Underactive thyroid glandOther things that can lead to nerve damage are:Broken bone that affects a nerve Long-term, heavy al

mputation. There is no cure for most neuropathies passed down in families.

nced cases Depression Loss of balance Numbness and tingling of hands and feet
2.Very rarely, infants and children are born without the ability to produce enough intrinsic factor, or the ability to absorb the co

infants with pertussis get pneumonia (lung infection), and about 1 in 100 will have convulsions. In rare cases, pertussis can be

person may feel weak or cowardly and lose self-esteem when avoiding the object of the phobia.
 most disturbing symptoms of the disease. Some patients will have more prominent difficulty with decision making, complex ta
milies.Pick's disease is rare. It can occur in people as young as 20, but usually begins between ages 40 and 60. The average age a

p, causing symptoms of the following conditions:Growth hormone deficiency Fatigue Increased fat in the abdomen Lack of ene

centa previa:Marginal: The placenta is against the cervix but does not cover the opening. Partial: The placenta covers part of th

eaks before 37 weeks into the pregnancy) Uterine fibroids

United States with advanced AIDS would develop it.

e most common cause of pneumonia.The most common pneumonia-causing germ in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pne
c conditions) Recent surgery or trauma Immune system problem

very from a subclinical infection.Back pain or backache Diarrhea Excessive tiredness, fatigue Headache Irritability Leg pain (calf

tries. There have been very few cases of polio in the Western hemisphere since the late 1970s. Children in the United States ar
k brown or black skin on the neck, arms, breasts, or thighs Skin tags, or tiny excess flaps of skin in the armpits or neck area Pelv
duction of androgen. This hormone is made in fat cells, the ovaries, and the adrenal gland. Levels of androgen that are higher th

ncluding type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Recent studies found that:More than 50 percent of women

tal lung disorders Multiple gestation (for example, twins or triplets) Hydrops fetalisSometimes, no specific cause for polyhydram

causes of death among patients with portal hypertension.

owing less of your moods Avoiding places, people, or thoughts that remind you of the event Feeling like you have no futureAro
ss. It affects the stress hormones and chemicals that carry information between the nerves (neurotransmitters).It is not known
ms with sleep.

gA mother with postpartum depression may also:Be unable to care for herself or her baby Be afraid to be alone with her baby
led the postpartum or baby blues. These symptoms almost always go away soon, without the need for treatment.Postpartum
ergency delivery, premature delivery, or illness or birth defect in the baby Have a close family member who has had depression
erwhelmed and are afraid that you may hurt your baby.

obesity. Morbid obesity may lead to lung failure with low blood oxygen levels, right-sided heart failure, and death.

syndrome) or pneumonia Lower muscle tone and less activity than full-term infants Problems feeding due to difficulty sucking o
n of the amniotic membrane) Kidney disease
socioeconomic status) Age (younger than 16 or older than 35) Lack of prenatal care Low socioeconomic status Use of tobacco,

s impossible to predict a baby's long-term outcome based on gestational age or birth weight.
re. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as p
Autoimmune diseases may cause follicle dysfunction, which may produce antibodies against her own ovarian tissue and harm t

of tension or anxiety Feeling out of control Food cravings or binge eating Mood swings marked by periods of teariness Panic att

ommend appropriate treatment.The most common physical symptoms include:Abdominal fullness, feeling gaseous Bloating of
y of postpartum depression or an affective mood disorderThe symptoms typically get worse in a woman's late 30s and 40s as s

e currently pregnant and you develop fever, chills, or painful urination.Call you doctor immediately:It is urgent that you call you

arge role.The following factors contribute to age-related hearing loss:Family history (age-related hearing loss tends to run in fa

hes the brain and begins to destroy the brain tissue. The ameba has never been shown to have spread from one person to anot
of water activities (such as diving or watersports) that might be more common among young boys.

g or shortness of breath may occur if the cancer affects the thymus gland or lymph nodes in the chest, which may put pressure
may be low grade (slow-growing), intermediate grade, or high grade (fast-growing). Burkitt's lymphoma is an example of a high-
ma virus (HTLV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Exposure of chemicals such as benzene, certain herbicides, and insecticides, exposure

Losing a job, relationship, or educational or career opportunity due to gambling Lying about the amount of time or money spen

echStiffness and rigid movement in the neck, middle of the body, arms, legs Tremor Vision difficulty: unable to look up or down
deposits in brain tissues that look like those found in patients with Alzheimer's disease. There is a loss of tissue in most areas o

should tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.If cancer has spread, a man may expe

those who do not eat meat (vegetarians).A common problem in almost all men as they grow older is an enlarged prostate (ben

n the lower back, in the area between the genitals and anus, or in the testicles Pain with ejaculation or blood in the semen Pain
tis Urethritis Urinary tract infections
hronic prostatitis can be very similar to symptoms of an enlarged prostate gland.

nd evening and the morning level is not suppressed to less than 5 µg/dL by 1 mg dexamethasone administered at midnight. A m

n affected fingersDiseases with similar symptomsHypoparathyroidism Rickets

osomal dominant manner. That means only one parent needs to pass you the defective gene in order for you to develop the co

mmon in people who take antibiotics and who are not in the hospital.
 order (manic or depressed) Delusional disorder Depression with psychotic features Personality disorders (schizotypal, shizoid,

mptoms similar to the flu. If symptoms occur, they may last for several weeks. People at risk for infection include slaughterhouse

ption of water (hydrophobia); and delirium and convulsions can develop, followed rapidly by coma and death. Once clinical sig

n enteritis.When symptoms become long-term (chronic), other problems may include:Bloody diarrhea Greasy or fatty stools We

larly if they were removed from their birth parents during the first weeks of life.

rica. The bacteria species associated with LBRF is Borrelia recurrentis.Sudden fever occurs within 2 weeks of infection. In LBRF,
and groups of refugees often result in epidemics of LBRF. The largest recent epidemics of LBRF occurred during World Wars I an
y as possible.Diseases with similar symptoms are listed in the following:Urinary calculi Urinary tract infection Bladder cancer an
xposures: Clinical studies have suggested that workplace exposure to certain substances such as asbestos, cadmium, some herb

sual results are best if the retinal detachment is repaired before the macula (the center region of the retina responsible for fin

d motion abnormalities) Scoliosis Shaky, unsteady, or stiff gait; or toe walking Seizures Slowing head growth beginning at appro
rriage, stillbirth, or very early death.The condition affects about 1 out of 10,000 children. Groups of the disease have appeared

til late childhood or early adolescence. For those children who do learn to walk at the normal time, some keep that ability for th

l of bilirubin in the infant's bloodstream may range from mild to dangerously high.Because it takes time for the mother to deve

nfection- such as common cold. This is the second most common type of rhinitis in children. The most common type of rhinitis

of Rhinosinusitis in children include:Cold or respiratory illness that has been improving and then begins to get worse High fever
olds and allergies may cause too much mucus to be made or block the opening of the sinuses. A deviated nasal septum, nasal b

an be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

s than normal tissue, the doctor can locate a mass inside the body.X-ray: This test uses X-ray to demonstrate the image of the t

ay be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. In these patients, the Salmonella infection may spread from the intes
n of animal origin, such as beef, poultry, milk, or eggs, but any food, including vegetables, may become contaminated.Food ma

with Salmonella develop pain in their joints, irritation of the eyes, and painful urination. This is called Reiter's syndrome. It can l
m the intestines to liver), spleen, and lungs.Schistosomiasis is not usually seen in the United States. It is common in many tropic

s trying to harm you (paranoia) or thinking that special messages are hidden in common places (delusions of reference) Lack of

tion (flat affect) Strongly held beliefs that are not based on reality (delusions) Hearing or seeing things that are not there (halluc
gins after age 5. Childhood schizophrenia is rare and can be difficult to tell apart from other developmental disorders of childh

n if a person with schizophrenia does not take their medication.

fficulty in forming and keeping close relationships. This is different from people with schizoid personality disorder, who do not
symptoms.Between 30% and 50% of people with schizotypal personality disorder also have a major depressive disorder. A seco

nherited the disorder from an affected parent and half seem to have a mutation for the first time in their family. Each child of an
va maneuver) o With nausea or vomitingLoss of balance Numbness in the face or one ear Pain in the face or one ear Vision abn
tumors. In neurofibromatosis type 2 patients, the faulty gene on chromosome 22 is inherited. For individuals with unilateral ve

with the body's ability to break down and remove phosphate can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Too much phosphate

s that aren't there) Falling, loss of muscle control, occurs very suddenly Muscle twitching that may spread up or down an arm o
c post-traumatic seizures or post-traumatic epilepsy, in which the seizures chronically recur. Intoxication with drugs Drug toxici

age 5.This syndrome is not the same as mutism. In selective mutism, the child has the ability to both understand and speak, bu

nizes that something unusual is going on.From 8 - 14 months, children often become frightened when they meet new people o

f skin breakdown known as bedsores (decubitus ulcers).

 ls may occur, but are uncommon.

mon from age 3 to adolescence. Children with septic arthritis are more likely than adults to be infected with Group B streptoco

spread by hands and other objects the droplets had touched. Airborne transmission was a real possibility in some cases. Live v

ase under control. Viruses in the coronavirus family are known for their ability to change (mutate) in order to better spread am

e developement.

ems with the placenta, the organ that develops during pregnancy to feed the fetus.Sheehan's syndrome is very rare.

Getting just a little bit of the Shigella bacteria into your mouth is enough to cause symptoms.

ness Rapid heart rate Ulcers on the lower legs (in adolescents and adults) Yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice)Other sympt
m both parents. If you inherit the hemoglobin S gene from one parent and normal hemoglobin (A) from your other parent, you w

sis -- occurs after exposure to larger amounts of silica over a shorter period of time (5 - 15 years). Swelling in the lungs and sym
ansient), last as long as 2 to 3 weeks (be short-term), or be long-lasting (chronic).Common factors associated with insomnia incl

in caused by diseases such as arthritis Prescription drugs, recreational drugs, or alcohol Sedentary lifestyle Stimulants such as c

aumatic stress disorderRarely, it runs in families.

eurological phase, begins when the parasite invades the central nervous system by passing through the blood-brain barrier. The
dition to the bite of the tsetse fly, the disease can be transmitted in the following ways:Mother to child infection: the trypanos

r, and bone.

ated as early as possible.

ll carcinoma of the lung.

Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed
attack the lining of the intestines. Clinical survey show that patients with celiac disease have an increased risk of small intestin
apsule goes through the small intestine for a period of 8 hours. It takes thousands of pictures which can be downloaded onto a

re excessive or unreasonable, they are unable to overcome them on their own.Social phobia can be limited to one situation (su

conditions: Some inherited conditions may increase the risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas, such as neurofibromatosis, Gar
ment option. CT scans can also be used to guide biopsy and a biopsy sample is usually removed and looked at under a microscop

and body, there is more evidence that emotional well-being affects the way in which pain is perceived.

out of the child's back.Myelomeningocele may affect as many as 1 out of every 800 infants.The rest of spina bifida cases are m
rniation, you may have pain when moving your neck, deep pain near or over the shoulder blade, or pain that radiates to the up
om trauma or strain. When this happens, the spinal nerves may become compressed, resulting in pain, numbness, or weakness
n taller than 5 feet 7 inches (170 centimeters) appear to have a greater risk of a herniated disc. Occupations that strain your sp

stiff neck, confusion, disorientation, dizziness, tremors and unsteadiness. Coma can develop in severe cases. The disease is gen

unctions. Vomiting blood - Sometimes a massive hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract may occur. Vague abdominal fullness
ears, scientists point out that Helicobacter pylori infection is the main cause of stomach cancer. HP infection and other risk fac
od loss may lead to shock and death.

on the toothbrush and pose a risk of reinfection.

he most common cause of pneumonia.The most common pneumonia -causing germ in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pn
, or diabetes mellitus Recent surgery or trauma Recent cold, laryngitis, or flu

ms, such as:Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) from any cause Low blood pressure (hypotension) Lo

words (We went to the...uh...store) Repeating sounds, words, parts of words, or phrases (I want...I want my doll, I...I see you, o
tuttering may rarely be caused by emotional trauma (called psychogenic stuttering).Stuttering is more common in boys than gir

ntries like India, over 20 cases of SSPE per million people are reported each year.

l hematoma, tiny veins between the surface of the brain and its outer covering (the dura) stretch and tear, allowing blood to co
ere is a high frequency of seizures following a subdural hematoma, even after drainage, but these are usually well controlled wi
evidence of virus transmission from the patient to health care workers who had close contact with the patient.

ome infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.
ntact with the patient developed mild influenza-like illnesses with antibody evidence of swine flu infection.

g its spread and duration are unknown. The Fort Dix outbreak may have been caused by introduction of an animal virus into a st

oist, warty patches may develop in the genitals or skin folds. These are called condylomata lata. Other symptoms, such as fever
ance to syphilis.Because people may be unaware that they are infected with syphilis, many states require tests for syphilis befo

with pork tapeworm can infect themselves if they have poor hygiene. They can ingest tapeworm eggs they pick up on their han

developmental problems. Girls born to teen mothers are more likely to become teen mothers themselves, and boys born to te
ing gums Face pain Hearing loss Joint stiffness Joint pain Mouth soresAbout 40% of people will have other, nonspecific sympto
biotics.The disorder may develop along with or after polymyalgia rheumatica. Giant cell arteritis is almost always seen in people

ve pain by massaging their scalp, temples, or the bottom of the neck.

muscle contractions can be a response to stress, depression, a head injury, or anxiety.Any activity that causes the head to be h
nt cough, depression, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, cramps, dry mouth, or extreme thirst. Yo

ly as possible.

roin A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotumThese symptoms can be caused by cancer or by other conditions. It is important

o increase among black men. The reason for the racial differences in incidence is not known.The exact causes of testicular cance
CT scans or CAT scans (detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine). Men who h

rm called opisthotonos. Spasms continue for up to 4 weeks, and complete recovery may take months. Neonatal tetanus is a for
metabolize and cause infection once in an adequate environment. Because C. tetani is an anaerobic bacterium, it and its endosp
microscope), but no symptoms.
ta globin protein. Beta thalassemias occur in persons of Mediterranean origin, and to a lesser extent, Chinese, other Asians, an

blood cells or makes defective cells) Vitamin B12 deficiencyUse of certain drugs may also lead to a low production of platelets

rritation from direct contact with the mucous membranes. Heavy alcohol use is another activity associated with increased risk

times a day, but they tend to improve or get worse at different times. The tics may change with time. Symptoms usually get wo
ple have more severe forms of Tourette syndrome. Many people with very mild tics may not be aware of them and never seek m
th the condition, see congenital toxoplasmosis.

d do not occur during sleep.Sounds may also occur, such as:Clicking Grunting Hissing Moaning Sniffing Snorting Squealing Throa

ms, a general feeling of discomfort, headache, fever, and loss of appetite. Depending on which segment of the spinal cord is inv
nsverse myelitis include varicella zoster (the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles), herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, Epste

astic gait, sensory dysfunction, and prominent urinary urgency or incontinence. The remaining one-third show no recovery at a

al and South America.

arge (thin, greenish-yellow, frothy or foamy) Vaginal itching Vulvar itching or swelling of the labia Vaginal odor (foul or strong s

in other parts of the body will vary according to the affected area.
atment, the wrong dose, or duration for taking the drugs drugs are not always available drugs are of poor quality
HIV infections Increase in number of homeless people The appearance of drug-resistant strains of TBDrug resistance is more c
mes, but one of them is incomplete. Sometimes, a female has some cells with two X chromosomes, but other cells have only on

00 cases are reported in the U.S. each year. Most cases in the U.S. are brought in from overseas.

eads to the rest of the body (except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet) Severe headache Severe muscle pain (myalgia
phus include:Exposure to rat fleas or rat feces Exposure to other animals (such as cats, opossums, raccoons, skunks, and rats)Ric

order are missing a gene that makes the enzymes needed to break down ammonia in the body.These diseases include:Arginino

o avoid problems during such periods.

ess lump or swelling in the groin.
ct infections (UTIs)
ur at earlier stages in women, and they appear to have a better prognosis than proximal tumors.
reddened skin Mental changes or confusion (in the elderly, these symptoms often are the only signs of a UTI) Nausea and vomi
control. Menopause also increases the risk of a UTI. The following also increase your chances of developing a UTI:Diabetes Adv

k of endometrial cancer.Total number of menstrual cycles: Medical studies show that more menstrual cycles during a woman’s

ne estrogen. As long as a woman with fibroids is menstruating, a fibroid will probably continue to grow, usually slowly.Fibroids

tis Sarcoidosis Syphilis Toxoplasmosis Tuberculosis Ulcerative colitisAdditionally, the causes may vary depending on the form of

vision damage, even with treatment.Possible complications of uveitis include:Cataracts Fluid within the retina Glaucoma Retina
st Vaginal node of endometriosis Uterine fibroids
S): Clinical data show women whose mothers took Diethylstilbestrol (DES) develop clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina mo

having sex, and delicate skin inside the vagina. Your doctor may advice you to use dilators to stop the vagina shrinking and narr

ean the woman cannot become sexually aroused. Many women may have orgasms when the clitoris is stimulated.

he normal antifungal bacteria that live in the vagina. Yeast infections typically cause genital itching and a thick, white vaginal di

nteritis usually appear within 4 - 48 hours after exposure to the contaminated food or water.Those with the highest risk for seve

period may be as long as 21 days, patients may not develop illness until returning from travel; therefore, a thorough travel and
and all are covered, or enveloped, in a fatty coating The survival of the virus depends on an animal or insect host (natural reser
terials Mosquitos (RVF virus) or ticks bites (CCHF, Omsk, Kyasanur Forest disease, Alkhurma viruses) Other reservoir species - s

es are spread by hand-to-mouth contact and coughing. They also may be spread by contact with fecal matter. Other viruses tha

tia) in severe cases Depression Loss of balance Numbness and tingling of hands and feet
y Poor nutrition during pregnancyA number of problems can make it difficult for your body to absorb enough vitamin B12:Chro

reased risk of developing invasive vulvar cancer. Lichen sclerosus (LS): Epidemiological data show about 4% of women with LS d

having sex. Your doctor may advice you to use dilators to stop the vagina shrinking and narrowing and some gels and creams to
 and hypothalamus. Korsakoff psychosis results from damage to areas of the brain involved with memory.

k Feeling disorientated or confused Tremors or muscle jerks Seizures Coma Weakness or partial paralysisThese symptoms may
e decreases as the weather becomes colder and mosquitoes die off.Although many people are bitten by mosquitoes that carry

Fracture of the humerus (upper arm bone) Long-term or repeated constriction of the wrist (for example, from wearing a tight w

sIn the advanced stage, sores on the skin and bones can lead to severe disfigurement and disability. This occurs in up to 1 in 5 p

ntoxication stage) within 24 hours. Period of intoxication: Multi-organ dysfunction occurs. This may include heart, liver, and kid

ea of skin that may have a blackened center.

monia that gets worse quickly and may spread to the chest cavity, heart, and brain Zygomycosis of the gastrointestinal tract, sk

ally found near the site of an infection, tumor, or inflammation.Lymphadenitis may occur after skin infections or other infectio

include:Increased thirst Muscle cramps Urination Weakness

p this type of tumor.

lves throw up. Other behaviors include:Cutting food into small pieces or moving them around the plate instead of eating Exerc

e needed to stay at a healthy weight.

intestinal bleeding Right-sided heart failure

sugar can damage these structures, causing them to thicken and become scarred. Slowly, over time, more and more blood ves

causes. Even after dialysis or transplantation, persons with diabetes tend to do worse than those without diabetes.

lems may also cause these symptoms. Only an ophthalmologist or physician can provide diagnosis. It is important to tell the do

ctose, the sugar found in milk. The other sugar is glucose.If an infant with galactosemia is given milk, substances made from ga

pregnancy.There is a slightly increased risk of the baby dying when the mother has untreated gestational diabetes. Controlling
 eded to produce thyroid hormone).The use of iodized table salt in the United States today prevents iodine deficiency. Howeve

(male hormone) Marijuana use Hormone treatment for prostate cancer Radiation treatment of the testicles Side effects of som

ndary hyperaldosteronism is generally related to hypertension. It is also related to disorders such as:Cirrhosis of the liver Heart

ce the kidneys' ability to get rid of potassium.This may result from disorders such as:Acute kidney failure Chronic kidney failure
erone, tissue trauma alone rarely leads to hyperkalemia. A normally functioning kidney will remove the excess potassium that h

e problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

eatRelative hypoglycemia is a fairly common condition in which a newborn's blood sugar is low. Babies born to mothers with di

tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as

ms may include: Abdominal pain Diarrhea Ulcers in the stomach and small bowel Vomiting blood (occasionally)Glucagonomas m
 son syndrome) Glucagonomas Insulinomas

duce bones. If you do not get enough calcium, or if your body does not absorb enough calcium from the diet, bone production a

normalities such as Turner syndrome or Sawyer syndrome Congenital heart disease (cyanotic) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia C

aused by one of the following conditions:Congenital abnormalities of the upper genital system Craniopharyngioma Cystic fibros
osed and treated as early as possible. Diseases with similar symptoms are:Pituitary tumors that do not release prolactin Hypoth
s are the most common, but the normal physiological causes of pregnancy & breastfeeding should not be forgotten, nor the eff
nomas are more common in women. Many small tumors remain small and never get larger. Larger tumors, called macroprolacti

e problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

nly (for example, with a strict diet or after gastric bypass surgery)Other causes include:Brain (pituitary) tumors Polycystic ovari

rders, as well as pharmacotherapy with anticancer drugs like vincristine, cyclophosphamide; opioids like morphin, antiepileptic
mmatory drugs, nicotine, diuretics, chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhib
possible if you experience either of the following symptoms: Dehydration Consciousness disorders Confusion Hallucinations Stu

deractive thyroid, or low thyroid) Polycystic ovary syndrome MenopauseBloating, or swelling due to a buildup of fluid in the tiss

n your diet or appetite?How much weight have you gained?What medications do you take? What other symptoms do you have
creas is not able to make enzymes needed for digestion (pancreatic insufficiency)

nywhere in the abdomen. Diverticulitis can cause a mass that is usually located in the left-lower quadrant. Gallbladder tumor ca

eralized, meaning that you feel it in more than half of your belly. This is more typical for a stomach virus, indigestion, or gas. If t
n of the gallbladder) with or without gallstones Decreased blood supply to the intestines (ischemic bowel) Diverticulitis Heartbu
lly, or your belly is rigid and hard to the touchCall your doctor if you have:Abdominal discomfort that lasts 1 week or longer Abd

ctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

alk virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and viral hepatitis. Food intolerances. Some people are unable to digest food

m include:Disorders that may be associated with ascites include:Clots in the veins of the liver (portal vein thrombosis) Congestiv

many operations, including subtotal gastrectomy (surgical removal of part of the stomach), operations for extreme obesity, or

mia (when blood supply is cut off to part of the intestines) Colon polyps or colon cancer Diverticulosis (abnormal pouches in the
abdominal pain of pancreatitis.
y Hyperlipidemia Hyperparathyroidism

t and spreading, and is more likely to become a cancerWhen adenomas become cancerous, they are known as adenocarcinom

As a result, stools can become hard and dry. Common causes of constipation arenot enough fiber in the diet lack of physical ac

ng duration of symptoms, frequency of bowel movements, consistency of stools, presence of blood in the stool, and toilet habi
ediately if the child is vomiting or irritable A child is holding back bowel movements in order to resist toilet training
rb fats and proteins)Rectal prolapse (frequent coughing or problems passing stools may cause rectal tissue from inside to move

alk virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and viral hepatitis. Food intolerances. Some people are unable to digest food

n of a more serious health problem, unless other symptoms also occur, such as weight loss or trouble swallowing.Rarely, the di

ods? What medications are you taking? What other symptoms do you have? For example, stomach pain or vomiting.

xiety may cause some people to feel tightness in the throat, or feel as if something is stuck in the throat. This is called globus h
 stines eventually leaving the body in the stool. Once the common bile duct becomes blocked, bile can't reach the intestines, an
an 10 millimeters are likely to develop into cancer, surgeons often recommend removing the gallbladder.Family history. People

n diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer, consult your physician before starting or stopping any of these medications.
stines eventually leaving the body in the stool. Once the common bile duct becomes blocked, bile can't reach the intestines, an
an 10 millimeters are likely to develop into cancer, surgeons often recommend removing the gallbladder.Family history. People

n diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer, consult your physician before starting or stopping any of these medications.

more easily. A hiatal hernia can occur in people of any age and is most often a normal finding in otherwise healthy people over
on's disease Progestin for abnormal menstrual bleeding or birth control Sedatives for insomnia or anxiety Tricyclic antidepressa

s found, many therapies are available to stop the bleeding or treat the cause.
phageal varices Esophagitis Gastric (stomach) ulcer Intussusception (bowel telescoped on itself) Mallory-Weiss tear Meckel's d

not agree on whether these small tumors should be removed or whether they should be watched to see if they begin to grow
on in c-Kit and PDGFRA gene, mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gene have been reported. Rare genes involved inclu

these symptoms.The symptoms of gastroparesis may be mild or severe, depending on the person. Symptoms can happen frequ
disease Smooth muscle disorders, such as amyloidosis and scleroderma Nervous system diseases, including abdominal migraine

at the lining of the stomach to check for any abnormalities. Ultrasound. To rule out gallbladder disease and pancreatitis as sourc

kely if you have a hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia is when the top part of the stomach sticks up into the chest cavity. This weakens
ut talking to your doctor.
Your symptoms get worse with antacids or H2 blockers You think one of your medicines may be causing heartburn. DO NOT ch
e you eaten a spicy or fatty meal? Do you drink a lot of coffee, other drinks with caffeine, or alcohol? Do you smoke? Do you we

d any lump at the beginning of the disease. When the tumor begins to enlarge, the lump may be obvious in the abdominal regi

el sudden abdominal pain. Vomiting a lot of blood: This is the result of complications such as dysfunction of the liver or synthe

ohepatitis, or NASH) Tumor metastases

ubular necrosis (ATN): This can be difficult to confidently diagnose. It may be an inability to concentrate the urine, if any is bein

or so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

not clear in all cases. Inherited genes, shared environmental factors and some combination of these may contribute to the dev
m or colon walls. An abundant of blood loss may lead to shock and death. You need to go to hospital as soon as possible.

neck, some patients may be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the

unexplained weight loss You have sudden, severe abdominal pain You have trouble swallowing You have yellow coloring of the
ave you changed medications recently? What other symptoms do you have? For example, stomach pain or vomiting.
 may be responsible in some cases. Sometimes a lymph node, polyp, or tumor can trigger the problem. The older the child, the

diarrhea, usually accompanied by pain Emotional distress Depression Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting
ffected by the immune and nervous systems, regulates the flow of fluids in and out of the colon. In IBS, the epithelium appears t

ing lactase. In African Americans, the problem can occur as early as age 2. The condition is very common among adults with As

d any lump at the beginning of the disease. When the tumor begins to enlarge, the lump may be obvious in the abdominal regi

el sudden abdominal pain. Vomiting a lot of blood: This is the result of complications such as dysfunction of the liver or synthe

nastomosis Transgastric diaphragmatic pacing Transgastric distal pancreatectomy Transgastric fallopian tube ligation Transga
medical problems, such as:Appendicitis Blockage in the intestines Cancer or a tumor Ingesting a drug or poison, especially by chi
appear sunken. Skin changes -- for example, if you touch or squeeze the skin, it doesn't bounce back the way it usually does. U

bilirubin in the body can cause the skin to look yellow. This is called jaundice.
y last at low levels for a month or more. Breastfeeding jaundice is seen in breastfed babies in the first week of life, especially in
se healthy newborns. Call the infant's health care provider if:Jaundice is severe (the skin is bright yellow) Jaundice continues to

rsistent heartburn. It can also be hereditary. Candida infection: This is a type of fungal (yeast) infection that may occur in your m

ritonitis is almost always fatal.

r symptoms that can occur with this disorder include:Double vision Hearing loss Muscle function loss or paralysis of the arms or

asional episodes of neutropenia, which makes them more vulnerable to infections such as pneumonia, recurrent ear infections

oteins. It is unclear how SBDS mutations lead to the major signs and symptoms of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.In cases wh

ia Myelodysplastic syndrome Polycythemia vera ThalassemiaCancer Hodgkin's disease Leukemia LymphomaAutoimmune caus

nd osteoporosis. It is not known why these problems occur outside the colon. Scientists think these complications may be the re
orsening of symptoms.
e eye (icterus)
ut may occur in any group. Wilson's disease typically appears in people under 40 years old. In children, the symptoms begin to s

the belly button (umbilical hernia), delayed dental development, mildly sunken chest (pectus excavatum), mild to moderate sh

cott syndrome. Because it is unlikely that females will have two altered copies of this gene, males are affected by X-linked rece

the forehead is prominent The fingers and toes are of diminished in length Spinal stenosis may be present Kyphosis (convex cu
n so one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In the majority of cases, the parents do not car

lesion Toxins Infection such as HIV, syphilis, or prion disease Paraneoplastic syndrome Cerebellar form of multiple system atro

e crease in the palm of the hand Small ears Small mouth Upward slanting eyes Wide, short hands with short fingers White spot
check for Down syndrome. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends offering Down syndrome sc

ontact and poor memory. Child with Fragile X syndrome often presents with developmental delay (including delayed attainmen
ecause boys have only one X chromosome, a single fragile X is likely to affect them more severely. You can have Fragile X syndr

s in facial characteristics. Mental retardation is the hallmark of this condition and, in females, this may be the only sign of the d

d to rapid, early death. Type 3 disease may cause liver, spleen, and brain problems. Patients may live into adulthood.

th care team and act as a patient advocate as well as a genetic resource to physicians. Genetic counselors provide information

are present (especially changes in brain or nervous system functions)?The distance is measured in centimeters or inches and co

"mousy" or "musty" odor may be detected on the breath and skin and in urine. The unusual odor is due to a build up of pheny
harmful to the central nervous system and cause brain damage.

se are performed for other reasons.An autosomal recessive form of polycystic kidney disease also exists and appears in infancy

eoarthritis and stroke. Death occurs on average at age 13, usually from heart attack or stroke.
ressive weakness (older infant to toddler) Very weak infantSymptoms in a child:Frequent, increasingly severe respiratory infecti
f the disease.Rarely, SMA may begin in adulthood. This is usually a milder form of the disease.A family history of spinal muscula

erry-red spot, which can be identified with an eye examination, is characteristic of this disorder. Children with this severe infanti
ns responsible for this disease are also more common in certain French-Canadian communities of Quebec, the Old Order Amis

ne with MCI develops AD.Symptoms of mild cognitive impairment include:Forgetting recent events or conversations Difficulty p
ese people have a mutation, or permanent change, in one of three genes that they inherited from a parent. We know that thes
essure History of head trauma Female gender

the claims (and they live in cultures that give great status to the oldest). Centenarians have become so common, the newest ca
ehind the eardrum) Ringing or buzzing sound in the ears (tinnitus)
repeat infectionsSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when the tiny hair cells (nerve endings) that detect sound in the ear a

es feeling to the throat.

neck. Later, the patient can not move an arm or leg normally and feel pain in the limb. Masked face: This appearance is cause b

the colposcope at the opening of the vagina and examine the area. Photographs may be taken. The colposcope does not touch
olposcopy may be used to keep track of HPV, and to look for abnormal changes that can come back after treatment.
okay, and when and how much you should take.Tell your doctor before the test if you are pregnant or could be pregnant.
men to hold their breath during pelvic procedures because they expect pain. Concentrating on slow, regular breathing will help

he colposcopy or biopsy does not show why the Pap smear was abnormal, your health care provider may suggest that you have

h a more severe-grade 2-cystocele, the bladder sinks far enough to reach the opening of the vagina. The most advanced-grade 3

the endometrium. The tissue is collected for examination.

n order to help find, charge, and convict the suspect.
erine cavity.Gentle suction removes a sample of the lining. The tissue sample and instruments are removed. A specialist called a

nstrual cycles Digestive symptoms: Constipation Increased gas Indigestion Lack of appetite Nausea and vomiting Sense of pelvi

of ovarian cancer. Birth control pills, however, decrease the risk of ovarian cancer.Studies suggest that fertility drugs do not in

rual periods, trouble losing weight, a deeper voice similar to that of men, and diabetes. If these symptoms start suddenly, there

e as other vaccines. Girls as young as age 9 can receive the vaccine if their doctor recommends it.Girls and women ages 13 - 26

e as other vaccines. Girls as young as age 9 can receive the vaccine if their doctor recommends it.Girls and women ages 13 - 26

re many different ways to perform a hysterectomy. It may be done through a surgical cut in either the belly (abdomen) or vagin
s into the vagina (uterine prolapse) Tumors in the uterus, such as uterine fibroids Adenomyosis, which causes heavy, painful pe

lth care provider.Breastfeeding itself may also cause breast pain.Fibrocystic breast changes are a common cause of breast pain

of all fertilized eggs die and are lost (aborted) spontaneously, usually before the woman knows she is pregnant.Among those w

After age 65-70, most women can stop having Pap smears as long as they have had three negative tests within the past 10 years
e cases, however, portions of the duct may collect fluid and develop into a vaginal wall cyst later in life.Benign tumors of the va

exually transmitted. Cervical or vaginal cancer: rarely a cause of excess discharge Chlamydia Desquamative vaginitis and lichen
disease or you are unsure of possible exposure. Your symptoms worsen or last longer than 1 week despite home care measures

ting countries, place them in alphabetical order rather than, say, relative to population of OECD countries, or some random ord

e disease may be idiopathic (without a known cause).Another similarly named disease, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneum
ir knowledge and clinical experience. This project aims at improving the quality of making diagnoses and treating medical cond

es at the end of the article, when you use the WikiDoc reference manager, you insert code for the reference right after the mat
very manual reference will be viewed as a unique reference. This means that a reference used multiple times will show up as m

ng too quickly (hyperventilation) Sudden increase in bluish color to the skinInfants may get tired or sweat while feeding and ma
shunting.The blood that is pumped out to the body is lower in oxygen. Less oxygen delivered to the body can make the skin loo

rns, residents, attending physicians, hospitalists, specialists, nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants to contribute

es at the end of the article, when you use the WikiDoc reference manager, you insert code for the reference right after the mat
very manual reference will be viewed as a unique reference. This means that a reference used multiple times will show up as m

gh content to be put into microchapters. This can be done by following the instructions below to create a microchapter templa
k on the edit box, and paste all of the microchapter template information into the edit box. The top of the edit box has two bla
e. You will use the microchapter template in all of the subsequent microchapter pages you eventually make by typing into the
on this wiki!" Create the page using the appropriate template listed on the main page. Be sure to include the microchapter nav

'Muhammad Haisum Maqsood, MD'''Image:NameofYourPicture.jpg|right|frame|100px Title on WikiDoc <br />Contact:<br />

get page), edit the MI page and enter:To redirect a page A to a section C(target section) in page B, enter the following redirecti

net connection, the IP-address may be different each time. Therefore a username is better to maintain an identity. You will hav

men ratio, subendocardial ischemia and impaired coronary flow reserve.Use this code:

idits page as an example, the code would look like this:'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click Pericarditis|here'''In order to

temporal upper eyelid Visual impairment

o create a redirect. A new page ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction must be created first, and the contents from the old page m
es at the end of the article, when you use the WikiDoc reference manager, you insert code for the reference right after the mat
very manual reference will be viewed as a unique reference. This means that a reference used multiple times will show up as m

s sizes. However, because each element of a.SVG image is represented as a mathematical expression, these images are often la
ms and keywords appear as outlined below, and should be complete and exhaustive. A good example of a complete, exhaustive
nto the main search box on Wikidoc. If the page has not been created, it will say "There were no results matching this query". C

r versions of webpages are stored, and at any time, a page can be reverted to any of its previous states. The'Discussion' tab allo
opdia once your mom bought enough groceries. If just one young person is inspired by our blue medical textbook/encyclopedia

Program Director / Chairman of Medicine Resident Retired physician Specialist Doctor

od in the vomit (looks bright red, or brown like coffee-grounds) Vaginal bleeding (heavier than usual or after menopause)Skin c

cells, also called leukocytes, normally appear in the blood:Neutrophils Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) Monocytes Eosinophils

entage of neutrophils may be due to:Aplastic anemia Chemotherapy Influenza or other viral infection Widespread bacterial infe

, kidneys, lungs, heart, or testes.Common symptoms of chronic or acute leukemia may include:Swollen lymph nodes that usual

that workers in some oil-related industries may be at a higher risk. Family history: Some data suggest multiple myeloma seems

can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

bulinemia typeII Cryoglobulinemia type IIITypes II and III are also referred to as mixed cryoglobulinemia.

uncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture t
cells. The indirect Coombs' test is only rarely used to diagnose a medical condition. More often, it is used to determine whethe
 hemolytic anemia (many drugs have been associated with this complication). Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the
uncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture th

nous GN. It may rapidly worsen to kidney failure.Lupus nephritis affects approximately 3 out of every 10,000 people. In children

g diffuse lupus nephritis or high chronicity index suggest worse prognosis. Age onset of lupus nephritis: Young age onset carries

n type of antiserum injection if you have been exposed to tetanus or rabies. This is called passive immunization. It gives you imm

kidneys. This problem, which is called vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), happens when the valve mechanism that normally prevents b

s completely
injure the kidney, such as:Acute pyelonephritis SepticemiaPregnancy complications, including:Placenta abruptio Placenta prev

ncrease the risk of death.

ause is a brain infection, patients may show signs including headache, fever, or dizziness before the actual coma develops. In so

alt is caused by one of three conditions:Euvolemic hyponatremia -- total body water increases, but the body's sodium content
Cancer Exercising for a very long time Liver failure Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Medications such as salicylates Prolonged la

r failure Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) Medications such as salicylates Prolonged lack of oxygen from shock, heart failure, or

ere obesity, which limits lungs expansionChronic respiratory acidosis occurs over a long duration. This is a mild stable situation

hat results in damage to skeletal muscle, especially trauma.

ping Low blood pressure Nausea and vomiting Numbness Pain at site of bite Paralysis Rapid pulse Skin color changes Swelling T

ou should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can
al interest and impotence Menstrual periods stop (amenorrhea) Sleep problems, such as insomnia, restless leg syndrome, or o
es and high blood pressure.

ge but is more common after age 40.

 s and children are more likely to become dehydrated than adults because they weigh less and their bodies turn over water and
health care provider if you are not sure whether you are giving your child enough fluids.Also call your health care provider if:Y

nges. They may be disfiguring. Urine may turn red or brown after an attack.Other symptoms may include:Muscle pain Muscle w

Persons who share a bed with a someone who snores can develop sleep difficulties.
me Prominence of the area at the base of the tongue Large tongue size compared to the mouth Abnormalities in the bones of th
ave apnea, but a sleep study is the only reliable way to tell for sure

oximately one-third of children with Ewing's sarcoma. Rarely, Ewing's sarcoma can occur in adults.

location of the kneecap Iliotibial band syndrome -- a hip disorder from injury to the thick band that runs from your hip to the o

rolyte disorders or acid/base imbalanceUrologists are surgical specialists of the urinary tract - see Urology. They are involved in

omen over 30. The rate has decreased significantly since phenacetin is no longer widely available in OTC preparations.

s, aluminum workers, leather workers, truck drivers, and pesticide applicators are at the highest risk.ChemotherapyThe chemo

eriods of time. However, catheters called tunneled catheters can be used for weeks or even months.Permanent access is creat

emodialysis at home, avoiding having to travel back and forth to a dialysis center. Home dialysis is usually done using one of tw
n how to feel the access site for the "thrill." This indicates that the AV site is still functioning. If the thrill disappears, call your he

tis) Radiation cystitis - damage to the bladder lining from radiation therapy to the pelvis area

ns, sleeping pills, and *antidepressants Nerve damage from prostate surgery Nicotine, alcohol, or cocaine use Poor communica

edications without first talking to your doctor.Talk to your health care provider if your erection problems are related to fear of
ane are antibodies against this membrane. They can lead to kidney damage.Sometimes the disorder is triggered by a viral respir

ane are antibodies against this membrane. They can lead to kidney damage.Sometimes the disorder is triggered by a viral respir

roblems develop in many people with Wegener's granulomatosis. The eye problems range from mild conjunctivitis to severe sw

reproductive organs You have urine dribbling, nighttime urination, or difficulty starting your urinary flow -- the problem may be

er problem has been that in several of the trials done, IHDF was compared to dialysis using low-flux (small pore) membranes, a

troke recoveryDamage or disorders of the peripheral nerves can also cause neurogenic bladder. This can include:Alcoholic neu

e uropathy - Sudden uropathy that affects one kidney Acute bilateral obstructive uropathy - Sudden uropathy that affects both

fter the obstruction is repaired.

athyReflux can occur in people whose ureters do not attach properly to the bladder or whose valves do not work well. Children

che, nausea or vomiting, bad headache, confusion, changes in your vision, or nosebleeds you may have a severe and dangerou
e builds up on the inner lining of the arteries. The plaque may slowly narrow or even block the renal (kidney) artery.Risk factors

mon in women and the elderly.

sed to treat certain cancers Drinking too much before bedtime, especially caffeine or alcohol, can cause frequent urination at n

with imagined events (confabulation), and disorientation to time and place may occur.Memory loss may be for words and thoug

with imagined events (confabulation), and disorientation to time and place may occur.Memory loss may be for words and thoug

eral anesthesia Drowning Drug overdose Injuries to a newborn that occurred before, during, or soon after birth (cerebral palsy)

ery were only briefly unconscious. The longer a person is unconscious, the higher the risk for death or brain death, and the low
e and nose on the same side as the head pain may also be affected. Symptoms can include:Swelling under or around the eye (m
trigger cluster attacks:Alcohol and cigarette smoking High altitudes (trekking, air travel) Bright light (including sunlight) Exertion

cle weakness on one or both sidesPersistent confusionPersistent unconsciousness (coma)Repeated vomitingUnequal pupilsUnu

a long time, or does not get better with over-the-counter pain relieversProblems walking or talkingSeizuresVomiting more than

ehind the eardrum) Ringing or buzzing sound in the ears (tinnitus)

repeat infectionsSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when the tiny hair cells (nerve endings) that detect sound in the ear
thm or heart attack), stroke, and severe drop in blood pressure (shock). If any of these serious disorders is present, you will usu

ur daily activities). Medication is the suspected cause. Talk to your health care provider before making any changes to your me

r head and neck cancer, such as partial or total removal of the tongue or voice boxDysarthria may be caused by diseases that a

rove with therapy. The severity of dysarthria depends on what type and how much tissue was removed.
g or transposing letters, for example mistaking ”b” and “d.".In general, symptoms of DRD may include:Difficulty determining th
bols to convey information. These conditions may appear alone or in any combination.DRD often runs in families.

observe the event and be able to describe what happened before, during, and after the seizure to the coming ambulancemen

metimes, the reason your eyelid is twitching cannot be identified. This form of eyelid twitching lasts much longer, is often very u

rimary headaches include:Some headaches onset without aura. Certain food, emotion changes or environmental chages may b

s can be used to detect the structural problems in the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG): This test can demonstrate the elect
che in a person who was previously headache free Recurring headache in children

with a lack of color (pigmentation) of the iris (colored part of the eye).

rol which is part of narcolepsy, is NOT a symptom of idiopathic hypersomnia.

y beginning to urinate Frequent need to urinate Strong urge to urinate Urine leakage (incontinence)Eye symptoms:Double visio
are slightly more likely to develop this condition if you have a family history of MS or you live in a part of the world where MS is

s on:How often you have attacks How severe they are The part of the central nervous system that is affected by each attackMos

uring sleep hours, called periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD).All of these symptoms often disturb sleep. Symptoms can m
 lack of sleep can lead to daytime sleepiness, anxiety or depression, and confusion or slowed thought processes.

rove the ability to think and remember or slow the loss of these abilities, but does not cure Alzheimer's disease or dementia in
mines; aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen

en bending backwards or walking more than a few yards, especially if caused by spinal stenosis

us drugs You have had back pain before but this episode is different and feels worse This episode of back pain has lasted longer

ray.An eye doctor may find bleeding behind the baby's eye or retinal detachment. There are, however, other causes of bleedin
uscles and ligaments are weak, and their heads are large and heavy in proportion to their bodies. The result is a type of whiplas

k area, symptoms can affect the arms, legs, and middle of the body. The symptoms may occur on one or both sides of the body
articularly if the bones or the disks have been damaged. Fragments of bone (for example, from broken vertebrae, which are the

6 months or more. Losses that remain after 6 months are more likely to be permanent.Routine bowel care frequently takes on
le contractions Rashes Spasms in or tightness of the leg muscles Uncoordinated movement

s of tuberous sclerosis vary from person to person. Some people have normal intelligence and no seizures. Others have intellec
rous sclerosis. In that case, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease.

called the otolithic organs and are responsible for detecting linear acceleration, or movement in a straight line. The hair cells o
e and blood pressure, fear, anxiety, or panic. Some reactions to the symptoms are fatigue, depression, and decreased concentr
symptoms of motion sickness are dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and generalized discomfort. Balance disorders can be
d loss of balance.Ménière's disease: an inner ear fluid balance disorder that causes episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss
the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck, with expertise in balance disorders. He or she will usually obtain a detailed medical histo
r the patient. This form of therapy is thought to promote compensation for the disorder. Vestibular retraining programs are ad

syndrome and retinoblastoma may increase the risk of developing osteosarcoma.

n also be found in the shoulders, upper arm s, and thighs Desmoid tumor s are benign, which means they are not cancer While

your tumor regularly without treating it Surgery Surgery has been a standard treatment for desmoid tumor s in the past, but th

ancer, and scientists are trying to use this information to develop better cancer treatments, which will help people with desmo
are so few desmoid tumor patients these rates may not be very accurate They also don’t take into account newer treatments
ection with cancer -causing types of human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV type 16, is a risk factor for some types of head
es dentures to fit poorly or become uncomfortable; and unusual bleedin g or pain in the mouth.Pharynx. Trouble breathing or s

er clinical trials includes all NCI -supported clinical trials that are taking place across the United States and Canada, including the
of the body. Staging may involve an examination under anesthesia (in an operating room), x-rays and other imaging procedures
ve oropharyngeal tumors have a better prognosis and may do just as well on less intense treatment.
eck and throat may feel numb because nerves have been cut. If lymph nodes in the neck were removed, the shoulder and neck
her ways to search the list, see Help Finding NCI-Supported Clinical Trials. Alternatively, call NCI's Cancer Information Service at

nd preservatives Products using chloride and formaldehyde

er can be cured in some cases. Stage IV cancer that has returned is almost never cured. The goals of therapy are to extend and
d any lump at the beginning of the disease. When the tumor begins to enlarge, the lump may be obvious in the abdominal regi

el sudden abdominal pain. Vomiting a lot of blood: This is the result of complications such as dysfunction of the liver or synthe

and treated as early as possible.

oked.Secondhand smoke (breathing the smoke of others) increases your risk of lung cancer. According to the American Cancer
Radon is a radioactive gas that you cannot see, smell, or taste. It forms in soil and rocks. People who work in mines may be expo

es and are non-cancerous (benign).Most mediastinal tumors in adults occur in the anterior mediastinum and are usually cance
t, or poor control of urine. Muscle tumors may lead to a painful lump and are often thought to be an injury.

nd preservatives Products using chloride and formaldehyde

er can be cured in some cases. Stage IV cancer that has returned is almost never cured. The goals of therapy are to extend and

kers, truck drivers, and pesticide applicators are at the highest risk. Chemotherapy: The chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide

on the initial stage and response to treatment of the bladder cancer.The outlook for stage 0 or I cancers is fairly good. Although

BlindnessSymptoms may appear, disappear, and then reappear. The times when a person is having symptoms are called flares.

metimes, the reason your eyelid is twitching cannot be identified. This form of eyelid twitching lasts much longer, is often very u

varying degrees of vision loss.

ard eye exam Ultrasound to measure corneal thickness

varying degrees of vision loss.

ard eye exam Ultrasound to measure corneal thickness

er see well. This loss of vision is called amblyopia. Another name for amblyopia is "lazy eye." Sometimes amblyopia is present fi
easily? Have you noticed any drainage from your eyes? Does anything make your dry eyes worse? Does anything make your dry

arpened image the fibrous elements are more conspicuous. The presence of retinal tears with new onset of floaters was surpris
t.However, a sudden increase in floaters, possibly accompanied by light flashes or peripheral (side) vision loss, could indicate a

lly break, causing eye pain. Fuchs' dystrophy can also cause the shape of the cornea to change, causing further vision problems
affected persons at an earlier age, usually in their 30s and 40s.

eously rotating the axis drum and making its target lines contiguous. This is the first meridian. Note the position of the power d

yestrain Headaches (uncommon)

kely to develop it. Most eyes with nearsightedness are healthy, but a small number of people with severe myopia develop a for

uently a sticky mucus discharge, and there is variable redness. Viral conjunctivitis: Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with an
rainage on them (e.g. eye makeup applicators, towels, shared eye medications). Contact with the infected person’s fingers or h
e exposed to the bacteria in the birth canal. It must be treated immediately to prevent blindness.
that doesn't hurt, but just looks bad, don't worry. It should clear up on its own within a week or two.Eye infections or inflamma

er see well. This loss of vision is called amblyopia. Another name for amblyopia is "lazy eye." Sometimes amblyopia is present fi

ch as towels or clothes. Certain flies can also spread the bacteria.

ar abscess Retropharyngeal abscess Throat cancer Tracheomalacia Trauma Vocal cord problems

lar abscess Retropharyngeal abscess Throat cancer Tracheomalacia Trauma Vocal cord problems

orarily if a person has a tube placed through the nose or mouth to the stomach to drain the stomach contents (nasogastric tub
supplements (especially in large doses)Diseases that may be associated with breath odor (not presented in order of likelihood

t home care measures have you tried? How effective are they? Is there a recent sore throat, sinus infection, tooth abscess, or o
ems.Symptoms include:Chest retracts unless the child is breathing through mouth or crying Difficulty breathing following birth

ing Misaligned teeth Poor growth Recurrent ear infections Speech difficulties
or together.

esulting in gingivitis and ultimately periodontitis.Plaque begins to build up on teeth within 20 minutes after eating (the time wh

n reduce drooling by injecting botulism toxin, getting high-energy x-rays (radiation) to the glands in the mouth that make saliva
ngs that can cause drooling:Certain medications Nervous system (neurological) problems

eardrum.All acute ear infections include fluid behind the eardrum. You can use an electronic ear monitor, such as EarCheck, to
the eardrum. These causes include:Allergies Colds and sinus infections Excess mucus and saliva produced during teething Infect

ardrum that keeps rupturing, draining, or swelling in the middle ear or mastoid area and does not go away.
Arthritis of the jaw Acute ear infection Chronic ear infection Ear injury from pressure changes (from high altitudes and other cau

e base of the tooth. Plaque and tartar irritate and inflame the gums. Bacteria and the toxins they produce cause the gums to be

e base of the tooth. Plaque and tartar irritate and inflame the gums. Bacteria and the toxins they produce cause the gums to be

in supplements (especially in large doses)

nd falling behind in class work may be the result of an undiagnosed hearing loss problem.
outer or middle ear, such as wax buildup, rupture of the eardrum, or repeated infections. It is usually possible to treat conducti

mpacted teeth.Impacted wisdom teeth are very common. They are often painless and cause no apparent trouble. However, som

ear in other people whose immune system is not working well, such as after a bone marrow transplant. It is caused by the Epste

uth sore when something triggers it, such as:Another illness, especially if there is a fever Hormone changes (such as menstruati

may depend on the cause of the mouth sore.A topical anesthetic (applied to the skin) such as lidocaine or xylocaine may be used
ny red or purple spots on the skin (petechiae)? Are you taking blood thinners (Coumadin) or aspirin ?Diagnostic tests that may

Arthritis of the jaw Acute ear infection Chronic ear infection Ear injury from pressure changes (from high altitudes and other cau

r discharge include:Eczema and other skin irritations in the ear canal Swimmer's ear - with symptoms such as itching, scaling, a

e the risk of developing thyroid cancer.

the back of the mouth on both sides of the jaw. Two sublingual glands are under the floor of the mouth. There are also thousa

ay be due to:Allergic reaction to something placed in the ear Chronic skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis

less an abscess develops. This is especially true if the infection remains active and continues to spread and destroy tissue.

ude syndrome prevent one copy of the gene in each cell from making any functional protein. A shortage of the IRF6 protein affe

tional, or just a change in sleep.Children who have never been consistently dry at night have primary enuresis. This usually occ

which is caused by a vitamin D deficiency

nd the neck Cigarette burns on exposed areas or on the genitals Circular marks around the wrists or ankles (signs of twisting or
o poorly in school Have excessive fears Withdraw from normal activities
onomic classes of people. It has the same type of risk factors as physical child abuse, including:Alcohol and drug abuse Family tr

ticles and the small testicle size before puberty. The testicles will descend at puberty. Surgery is not needed.Testicles that do no

oking at light (photophobia) Vision changesMany other medical problems can cause symptoms similar to those of juvenile rheu
ally the hips, knees, or ankles.

ar of the dark, fear of being alone, fear of strangers) Clinging, unwilling to let you out of sight Questioning (may or may not ask
ren have few previous experiences from which to learn, even situations that require small changes can have enormous impact

to involve your child in situations where he or she can succeed. Try to use positive encouragement and reward instead of punis
rtsA severe form of alcohol withdrawal called delirium tremens can cause:Agitation Severe confusion Seeing or feeling things th

mens occurs.
time, or lose your temper more often. Stress may also cause sexual problems. It can also cause problems with falling or staying
and tobacco products may also cause or make symptoms of stress or anxiety worse.

e fear and extreme suspicion rather than joy (euphoria). Just the same, the cravings may remain powerful.
l symptoms like the vomiting and shaking that accompanies the withdrawal from heroin or alcohol.In the past, people underes

romocriptine may help to reduce patient's craving, increase energy, and normalize sleep, particularly among those with the mo
than these critics assert, and describe it as one form of a syndrome of "semen-loss anxiety" which also occurs in other Eastern
se Secretive behavior to hide drug use Using drugs even when alone
matic stress disorder, or another mental health problem.Children who grow up in an environment of illicit drug use may first se

sks, or implicit, in the form of a set of principles for escalating the exposure. The therapist will decide which of these will be mo
the day and gets worse at night. Some patients have pain all day long.Pain may get worse with activity, cold or damp weather,

r example, if the person who died had a chronic illness, the death may have been expected. The end of the person's suffering m
 ith new users or in those who already have a psychiatric disease.The amount and effect of these side effects varies from perso

en are unable to explain what happened the next morning. They often have no memory of the event when they wake up the n

al symptoms result. Withdrawal from opiates can occur whenever any chronic use is discontinued or reduced.Some people eve

nt or even unusual place.Symptoms of sleepwalking include:Acting confused or disoriented when they wake up Having blank lo
lack of sleep, and anxiety are all associated with sleepwalking.In adults, sleepwalking may occur with:Alcohol, sedatives, or oth

ysexecutive syndrome". She states:"Instructional methods that place heavy demands on working memory will disproportionate
most of the time, or lose your temper more often. Stress may also cause sexual problems. It can also cause problems with falling
and tobacco products may also cause or make symptoms of stress or anxiety worse.When these feelings happen often, a perso

having trouble in school or work Talking about death or suicide, or even saying that they want to hurt themselves Talking abou
ing, such as:Aging (the elderly have the highest rate of suicide) Death of a loved one Dependence on drugs or alcohol Emotiona

emens) Delirium Dementia Drug abuse monitoring Fetal alcohol syndrome Intentional overdose Seizures Stroke secondary to c

echanical ventilator) through a breathing tube (endotracheal tube). ARDS often occurs along with the failure of other organ sys

sbestos workers can also be exposed from particles brought home on the worker's clothing.Other asbestos-related diseases inc
is breathed into the lungs can cause severe lung injury. However, it may not necessarily lead to pneumonia.

nful breathing) Tumors that block an airway

gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough. Confusion, especially in older people or those with Legionella pneumonia. Head

hronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD for short. (Emphysema is another type of COPD.)The following things can make

tains sterile water. Suction is attached to the system for drainage. A stitch (suture) and adhesive tape keep the tube in place. Aft

d organ and bone marrow transplants, the risk of infection is greatest 5 - 13 weeks after the transplant.

e manufacturer, inhalers are sold as a complete unit or the individual canister as a refill prescription.
red drug delivery system. By inhaling tobacco smoke, the average smoker takes in 1 to 2 mg of nicotine per cigarette8. When to
r of effects. Of primary importance to its addictive nature are findings that nicotine activates reward pathways—the brain circu
e, history of not smoking, calcium in the lesion, and small lesion size are factors associated with a noncancerous diagnosis. Lung

Hair loss Raised, red, firm skin sores (erythema nodosum), almost always on the front part of the lower legs Rash Scars that bec

horacentesis needle is inserted above the rib into the pleural space.You will feel a stinging sensation when the local anesthetic

cough Fatigue
n the immune system. Organ transplant recipients

just after you lift a heavy object, move suddenly, sit in one position for a long time, or have an injury or accident. But before tha

onally You use steroids or intravenous drugs. You have had back pain before, but this episode is different and feels worse. This e

rthritis Osteomyelitis (bone infection) Septic arthritis (joint infection) Tendinitis Unusual exertion or overuse, including strains o

he muscles or ligaments supporting the back Degenerative disc disease Pelvic injury or fracture Piriformis syndrome (a pain dis
 rheumatoid arthritis. Rash: Red or reddish brown patches may appear over the knuckles.
ory of the condition. But the role of genetics in causing the disease remains unclear.

ms areRheumatoid arthritis Gout Joint tuberculosis

ed range of motion Red scaly skin patches Deformed nails Sausage shaped fingers Pain at the sites of ligament insertion (eg, hee

mes. Tha age of developing rheumatoid arthritis: If the patient develops rheumatoid arthritis at younger age, the prognosis see

su arteritis has many features that are similar to giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) in older people.
ou have diabetes, follow your diet and take your medicines as usual until the day of surgery.On the day of the surgery, most tim
d into the chair in your hospital room Keep your joints mobile Sit or lay in different positions to keep your joints from becoming
ays.The older method, called laparotomy, removes the appendix through a single incision in the lower right area of the abdome

omen.Imaging testsComputerized tomography (CT) scans, which create cross-sectional images of the body, can help diagnose a
egetables, beans, and whole grains; move your bowels as soon as you feel the urge.The same advice often applies in the case of
r the bone defect. The bone graft is shaped and inserted into and around the area. It is held in place with pins, plates, or screws

e of increased risk for development of breast cancer. Other major breast cancer risk factors include: prior history of breast ca, f
ecial x-ray called a cholangiogram will be done during the surgery. This involves squirting some dye into your common bile duc

madin), and any other drugs that make it hard for your blood to clot. Your doctor may ask you to "clean out" your colon or intes

sthesia (asleep and pain-free). Surgery usually takes 2 to 3 hours.Ways your doctor may do this surgery are:Open repair. Your su
re strictures (a narrowing of your esophagus), ulcers in your esophagus, and bleeding in your esophagus. You have reflux diseas

are. Respiratory complications, such as a collapsed lung. This is also rare. Recurrence of the hiatal hernia.
be asked to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), vitamin E, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), and any other dr

a known cause. Secondary varicose veins occur because of another condition, such as when a pregnant woman develops varic
lergic to can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, or a severe, life-threatening reaction. Allergens that
Allergic reactions can also be caused by insect bites, jewelry, cosmetics, spices, and other substances.Some people have allergy

re first exposed to them. Aspirin may also cause a reaction. These reactions are not the same as the immune system response t

dicines (ACE inhibitors). Pollen.Hives and angioedema may also occur after infections or with other illnesses (including autoimm

ng May go away on its own Gets better when using drugs that open the airways (bronchodilators) Gets worse when breathing in
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provoke asthma in some patients.

our allergy symptoms. A drug allergy may also occur without your body producing IgE, but this is not well understood.Most dru

hortness of breath. Stomach cramps. Vomiting.Symptoms of mouth (oral) allergy syndrome:Itchy lips, tongue, and throat. Swo
oods are the main culprits. In children, the most common food allergies are to:Eggs. Milk. Peanuts. Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobst

esponsible for hay fever include:Trees (deciduous and evergreen) Grasses RagweedThe amount of pollen in the air can play a ro

or bacteria in humidifiers, heating systems, and air Hypersensitivity pneumonitisers found in homes and offices. Exposure to ce

in 15-20 minutes. Several allergens can be tested at the same time.A similar method involves injecting a small amount of allerg
esults and the danger of causing a severe allergic reaction.

in persons who are not allergic.

motional stress Extreme cold or sun exposure Excessive perspiration Illness (including lupus, other autoimmune diseases, and le
 generic equivalents. It is sold over the counter, in a prescription-strength preparation, and in combination with codeine (also b

e Shortness of breath -- trouble breathing when lying flat (orthopnea)Other symptoms may include:Pain in the abdomen Stroke
narrow the other branches and reduce blood flow through them. An Acute aortic syndrome may also cause abnormal widening

olesterol buildup in arteries) may also lead to the formation of some aneurysms.Pregnancy is often linked to the formation and

ause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that prob
urthermore, cigarette smoking acts with other risk factors to greatly increase the hazard for coronary heart disease. People who

ause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that prob
urthermore, cigarette smoking acts with other risk factors to greatly increase the hazard for coronary heart disease. People who

factors of pregnancy, lack of movement (due to surgery or trauma), or use of oral birth control pills.

hich only one ventricle is present Ventricular septal defect

tness of breath -- trouble breathing when lying flat (orthopnea)Other symptoms may include:Pain in the abdomen Stroke symp
w the other branches and reduce blood flow through them. An aortic dissection may also cause abnormal widening or balloonin
in men ages 40 to 70.

cy may include:Ankylosing spondylitis Aortic dissection Congenital (present at birth) valve problems Endocarditis High blood pr
hers (in mild cases) Serious breathing problems that develop within days or weeks of birth (in severe cases) Extremely tired Sw
he United States.Aortic stenosis may be present from birth (congenital), or it may develop later in life (acquired). Children with

tions. As with any operation, aortic valve surgery has some risks, most of which occur during the first 1-2 days after surgery. The
re becoming stenotic, regurgitant, or both. People with a bicuspid aortic valve require antibiotic prophylaxis before dental pro
valve disease, a patient could experience shortness of breath with even light activity or at rest. Some patients will be unable to

There is also a small but definite risk of blood clots causing stroke.There are a variety of natural or biological valves that can be
harder to keep pumping blood out of the heart. At some point the heart can no longer compensate, resulting in episodes of low

ra to do the surgery. For robotically-assisted valve surgery, the surgeon makes two to four tiny cuts (about 1/2 to 3/4 inches) in
uloplasty is only done in patients who are too sick for major heart surgery. The results of percutaneous valvuloplasty are not lon

or clopidogrel (Plavix), talk with your surgeon before stopping or changing how you take these drugs.Prepare your house for wh
fluids. Nurses will closely watch monitors that display information about your vital signs (pulse, temperature, and breathing). Y
ment surgery. Your surgeon will remove your aortic valve and sew a new one into place. There are two main types of new valv

r clopidogrel (Plavix), talk with your surgeon before stopping or changing how you take these drugs.During the days before you
art and vital signs until you are stable enough to go home. You will receive pain medicine to control pain around your surgical c

n.In atrial fibrillation, the atria are stimulated to contract very quickly and differently from the normal pattern. The impulses are

) or sotalol (Betapace). Medicines that help prevent or treat heart rhythms.You may be taking aspirin or clopidogrel (Plavix), wa

n as you get older. Common causes of atrial fibrillation include:Alcohol use (especially binge drinking)Coronary artery disease H

hange color upon pressure or with cold or stress General discomfort (malaise) Involuntary weight loss Joint pain Swelling - any
that blood flows from right to left.{{#ev:youtube|e46jtin-H50}}
e children may be born with an atrial septal defect.Expectant mothers exposed to rubella may have an increased risk in having a

ay have other congenital heart conditions, such as a leaky valve.

tite Difficulty gaining weight Blue discoloring of the skin (cyanosis) Difficulty breathing/respiratory distress Heart failure (signs in

birth defects).

ects post-surgery. After surgery with an artificial valve repair. After surgical patching utilizing artificial materials.Often, adults m

mine from foods. This can happen slowly over time and symptoms occur when the person is an adult. However, because doctor

ms go away.

nd not open up as well, causing the heart to have to pump harder than usual to get blood past the valve (aortic stenosis). The a

ed in Southeast Asian populations, where it is a major cause of death. Researchers have determined that SUNDS and Brugada s
tic of Brugada syndrome.In affected people without an identified SCN5A mutation, the cause of Brugada syndrome is often unk

ke the place of normal heart muscle. It is the most typical form of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Cardiac amyloidosis may affect t

y occurElectrical signals may be blocked or slowedElectrical signals travel in new or different pathways through the heartSome

s taking any of your heart medicines. You have chills or a fever over 101 °F.
place of cake, pie or ice cream. When it seems that everything on the menu is “off limits,” ask if the chef will make you a fruit o
hange color upon pressure or with cold or stress General discomfort (malaise) Involuntary weight loss Joint pain Swelling - any

the muscles or tendons that support the heart valves, especially the mitral valve Tear or rupture of the wall (septum) between

d to cardiomyopathy, such as coronary heart disease, heart attack, or a viral infection that inflames the heart muscle Diabetes

Sudden cardiac arrest can lead to sudden cardiac death.

he CASQ2 gene account for 1 percent to 2 percent of cases. The RYR2 and CASQ2 genes provide instructions for making protein

he brain.Symptoms depend on the location of the aneurysm, whether it breaks open, and what part of the brain it is pushing o
t of a blood vessel. Such aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel that supplies the brain. Atherosclerosis, trauma, and infection

squeezing, or crushing pain. The pain may spread to the arm, shoulder, jaw, or back. Heart attack pain can be similar to the pai
of heart attack is greater if you have a family history of heart disease, you smoke, use cocaine, are overweight, or you have hig
arm, shoulder, back, neck or jaw.Shortness of breath: You may feel tired and be short of breath Sweaty Feeling Lightheaded Un

e as likely to develop heart disease and five times as likely to develop diabetes as someone without metabolic syndrome.
ocardial cushion defect)These problems may occur alone or together. The majority of congenital heart diseases occurs as an iso

night with shortness of breath Shortness of breath Syncope or passing out Weakness Wheezing or cardiac asthmaOther health
dy, especially when you exercise or are active.As the heart's pumping action is lost, blood may back up in other areas of the bod

ardless of your symptoms.The causes of heart failure: Heart failure associated with alcohol use or pregnancy may spontaneous

ea Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease Cystic fibrosis Interstitial lung di

en mucus. You have problems taking any of your heart medicines. You have chills or a fever over 101 °F.
ption if you have blockages in the heart that can't be treated with angioplasty. Your doctor will decide whether you're a candid
u to the hospital right away. You may have CABG that day or the day after.
esia for the surgery. The term "anesthesia" refers to a loss of feeling and awareness. General anesthesia temporarily puts you t
and other changes, such as problems concentrating or thinking clearly, may occur in some people. These changes are more lik
ontrol abnormal heart rhythms. Your doctor may recommend that you wear compression stockings on your legs as well. These
omen, elderly people, and people with diabetes are more likely to have symptoms other than chest pain, such as:Fatigue Shortn

esterol should be as low as possible, and your HDL ("good") cholesterol should be as high as possible to reduce your risk of CHD
s and mortality rate among those who received PCI than the CABG cohort. Two Studies reported that CABG is more effective i
ncet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a s

s are controlling high cholesterol.Screening for children is less agreed upon:Some experts recommend only screening children w
oratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.)

en mucus. You have problems taking any of your heart medicines. You have chills or a fever over 101 °F.
s, chest pain and shortness of breath are often not present when you walk or exercise.

lower than normalYou're also more likely to develop DVT if you have any of the following conditions:Blood that is more likely t

r DENV-3 strain. Diabetes and asthma are risk factors for fatal disease.

right. Some people with mirror-image dextrocardia have a problem with the fine hairs (cilia) that filter the air going into their n

the heart muscle Heart valves that are either too narrow or too leaky (regurgitant) Trace elements, such as lead, arsenic, or me

or without injury. This process may also break up healthy red blood cells.
 olitis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and other chronic lung problems Pneumonia Pulmonary hyperte

the right ventricle and are often larger than normal in cases of Ebstein's anomaly. Due to the defect, blood may go the wrong w

is causes high blood pressure in the lungs. As a result, the blood backs up and does not go to the lungs to pick up oxygen. Inste
elopment and result in potential birth defects.

ows with what amplitude a 1 mV signal is drawn. So the height and depth of these signals are a measurement for the voltage. If

ncrease your chances for developing this condition. Such procedures are especially risky for children with congenital heart cond

ncremental drug acquisition and monitoring costs of DabigatranDabigatran over Warfarin would be $2,884 - $1,761 per year o

dying.Given that the risk of dying is doubled in these patients, let’s assume that the survival of a 71-year old atrial fibrillation pa

nt reduction in mortality associated with Dabigatran therapy, there were also numerically (but not statistically significantly) few

USD. Thus, $16,000 to $33,000per year of life saved would fall within or even below this range.While estimates of what govern
myalgia Infection, especially one that takes a long time to recover from or treat, such as bacterial endocarditis (infection of the

tis)Symptoms in women can be very mild or nonspecific, and may be mistaken for another type of infection. They include:Vagin
ake sure the patient gets proper follow-up care and that their sexual partners are found and tested. More than 700,000 person

wer Ami0013.jpg Answer example 12

rt. Discomfort in the upper body. Upper body discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach. Nausea, vomitin
age, or if your mother or a sister was diagnosed with CAD before 65 years of age.Certain CAD risk factors tend to occur togethe

al heart defects also may cause congenital heart block. These defects are problems with the heart's structure that are present
ese defects.Heredity may play a role in certain heart defects. For example, a parent who has a congenital heart defect may be m

ices that have strong magnetic fields. These objects can keep your pacemaker from working properly. Let all of your doctors, de

genital heart valve abnormalities are present at birth, but sometimes aren't discovered until much later in life.In older children

and other organs that aren't working correctly Have kidney, lung, nerve, or liver disease Have no family support and do not follo

an an infection and fights it. For this reason, organ transplant patients must take drugs that suppress the body's immune respon

ually cause severe symptoms, while Seoul, Saaremaa, and Puumala virus infections are usually more moderate. Complete reco

velop Hurler syndrome.Hurler syndrome is a type of mucopolysaccharidosis called MPS I. Hurler syndrome is the most severe ty

rcholesterolemia Familial hypertriglyceridemiaAbnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels may also be caused by:Being overw

nditions. High fructose (sugar)corn syrup Metabolic syndrome -in which body develops insulin resistance due to obesity and ha
more common due toIncreased salt intake and cholesterol diet Lower socioeconomic status/stress
erves and arm/leg weakness.
 your doctor's advice concerning exercise and medical appointments. Patients are sometimes advised to avoid strenuous exerci

onism, Bartter syndrome, Fanconi syndrome) Diuretic medications, which can cause excess urination Eating disorders (such as

xygen in the blood. Central cyanosis often increases with crying.

most cases, the left ventricle and aorta are much smaller than normal.In patients with this condition, the left side of the heart is

m lying down to standing. This type of hypotension usually lasts only a few seconds or minutes. If this type of hypotension occu
r urinary symptoms Cough with phlegm Inability to eat or drink Prolonged diarrhea or vomiting

) Electric lawn mowers and leaf blowers Slot machines Stereo speakersTell all health care providers that you have an ICD. Some

s there any distal microvasculature perforation secondary to the guide wire manipulation?In addition to the angiographic interp
he brain. Symptoms depend on the location of the aneurysm, whether it breaks open, and what part of the brain it is pushing o
t of a blood vessel. Such aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel that supplies the brain. Atherosclerosis, trauma, and infection

et Skin rashes on the middle of the body, NOT blister-like Peeling skin in the genital area, hands, and feet (especially around th

olesterolemia Familial hypertriglyceridemiaAbnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels may also be caused by:Being overweigh
ay feel warm to the touch but is rarely itchy or painful. Sometimes, EM clears as it enlarges, resulting in a target or bullseye app
egions: About 95% of all reported cases are confined to 14 states including Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Min

e likely to develop this condition Hormone changes Lack of exercisePeople who have metabolic syndrome often have two othe

be caused by dysfunction or injury to the valve following a heart attack or infection of the heart valve (infective endocarditis).

erson with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possibl
enosis. Often, there are other heart defects present, along with the mitral stenosis. Mitral stenosis may run in families.

structurally abnormal can raise the risk for bacterial infection.Some forms of mitral valve prolapse seem to be passed down thr
surgery. For robotically-assisted valve surgery, the surgeon makes two to four tiny cuts (about ½ to ¾ inch) in your chest. Th
ailure. Tests show that the changes in your mitral valve are beginning to seriously affect your heart function. Your heart valve h

or clopidogrel (Plavix), talk with your surgeon before stopping or changing how you take these drugs.Prepare your house for wh
signs until you are stable enough to go home. You will receive pain medicine for pain in your chest.Your nurse will help you slow
may have:Ring annuloplasty -- The surgeon repairs the ring-like part around the valve by sewing a ring of metal, cloth, or tissue
y affect your heart function. Your doctor may want to replace or repair your mitral valve at the same time as you are having op

oumadin) or clopidogrel (Plavix), talk with your surgeon before stopping or changing how you take these drugs.Prepare your ho
art and vital signs until you are stable enough to go home. You will receive pain medicine to control pain around your surgical c

s a result, the heart can become thick, swollen, and weak. This leads to symptoms of heart failure.Other causes of myocarditis
n we eat, and how much we eat. We are surrounded by things that make it easy to overeat and hard to stay active: Many peopl

rills). Plug-in power tools (such as drills and table saws). Electric lawn mowers and leaf blowers. Slot machines. Stereo speakers

sk factors for heart disease An abnormal heart valve An electrolyte abnormality in your blood (for example, a low potassium lev

egnancy may be a sign of preeclampsia (also called toxemia), a serious condition that includes high blood pressure and swelling

won't be temporarily put to sleep during the procedure) Has a shorter recovery timePercutaneous coronary intervention also i
d vessels that lead to your heart.A guide wire is moved into and across the blockage. A balloon catheter is pushed over the guid

Damage to the kidneys caused by the dye used. Heart attack (3–5 percent of people). Stroke (less than 1 percent of people).Som
n to begin fasting (not eating or drinking) before the procedure. Often you have to stop eating and drinking by midnight the nig
get instructions to follow at home, such as:How much activity or exercise you can do. When you should follow up with your do
opnea) Dry cough Fatigue
surgery or trauma to the chest, esophagus, or heart Certain medications, such as procainamide, hydralazine, phenytoin, isonia

s in your body or are unable to get out of bed.

e feet or toes, which can be so severe that even the weight of clothes or bed sheets is painful Pain that is worse when you raise
 over age 50.

es and their relationships to one another. Cardiac catheterization: This is not a common diagnostic measure for persistent left

uch blood is sent to the lungs.If this condition is not treated, two problems occur:Too much blood circulation in the lungs may c

hea Bloating Nausea Vomiting Inappropriate levels of hormones Chills Fear Sweating Feeling nervous

ne output, not urinating very often Nausea and vomiting (worrisome sign) Vision changes: temporary loss of vision, sensations

ity of the preeclampsia and how prematurely the baby is born.

monary atresia with VSD. This is an extreme form of tetralogy of Fallot. Although both conditions are called pulmonary atresia, t

Nasal flaring
monary edema.Pulmonary edema may also be a complication of a heart attack, leaking or narrowed heart valves (mitral or aorti

dedness or fainting Low blood pressure Sweating Wheezing

m bed rest or staying in one position for a long time, such as a long plane or car ride Severe injury Stroke Surgery (especially orth

rtension may be caused by:Any condition that causes chronic low oxygen levels in the blood Autoimmune diseases that damag
oid arthritis Myocarditis Scarlet fever Congenital heart disease

ave other congenital conditions. Radiation treatment to the chest, and some medications may cause pulmonic stenosis. pulmo

dical conditions. As with any operation, aortic valve surgery has some risks, most of which occur during the first 1-2 days after s

erly) Orthostatic hypotension (abnormal drop in blood pressure with standing) Carpal tunnel syndrome Heart muscle damage (c

ppropriate times. Most people also report awakening unrefreshed in the morning.Other symptoms may include:Depression Me
p, the airway may completely close. This prevents air from getting into the lungs and loud snoring and labored breathing occur
alleviate some of the symptoms of OSA; losing 10 percent of body weight can reduce the number of apnea episodes throughou

Migraine headache Head trauma Meningitis Encephalitis Subarachnoid hemorrhage An overdose of certain medications An im
ness of the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body), sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech,

mouth, and other places) Redness changing to blueness later Sensation of head or ear "fullness" Vision changes
vena cava obstruction include:Aortic aneurysm Blood clots in the superior vena cava Constrictive pericarditis Enlargement of th
ch as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.The condition occurs most often in young people and infants.The following increase you

el movement, or kicking his or her legs upon awakening. These episodes are called "Tet spells" and are caused by a rapid drop in
kened muscular wall of the right ventricle (right ventricular hypertrophy) At birth, infants may not show signs of cyanosis. How

kened muscular wall of the right ventricle (right ventricular hypertrophy)At birth, infants may not show signs of cyanosis. Howe

essler syndrome Layers Pericardium Pericarditis Acute Chronic / Constrictive Pericardial effusion Cardiac tamponade Hemoperi

art block. These defects are problems with the heart's structure that are present at birth. Often, doctors don't know what caus

l infarction may cause damage to the AV node, causing third-degree heart block. In this case, the damage is usually transitory.
heart rate Low blood pressure

he rib. Patients often have a history of injury to the area or overuse of the shoulder.

on) Changes in sensation, involving touch, pain, temperature, pressure, hearing, and taste Change in alertness (sleepiness, less
mewhere else in the body (for example, the heart) An injury to blood vessels Narrowing of a blood vessel in the brain or leadin

hen goes right back to the lungs without ever going to the body. Blood from the body returns to the heart and goes back to the
gitation may be found in those with a type of congenital heart disease called Ebstein's anomaly.Other infrequent causes of tric

0 minutes Responds poorly to a medicine called nitroglycerin May occur along with a drop in blood pressure or significant shor

t steady. You are having trouble taking your heart medicines. You have any other unusual symptoms. If you think you are havin

ho have it were born with it.Use of the anti-obesity medicines fen-phen and Redux, which were removed from the market after

sent when the baby is born. These arches form a ring of blood vessels, which encircles and presses down on the windpipe (trac

adults, ventricular septal defects are a rare but serious complication of heart attacks. These holes are related to heart attacks a

od chemistry (such as a low potassium level) Changes in pH (acid-base) Lack of enough oxygenTorsade de pointes is a form of v

ue to hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).Vertebrobasilar vascular disorders may also be caused if a tear (dissection) in a

fibrozil, bezafibrate, or fenofibrate) the antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin HIV protease inhibitors (suc
n breathing or swallowing (which may require treatment right away), rash, hives; joint pain; muscle pain; alterations in some lab
p in the arteries.Triglycerides also are fats found in your body.

Changes in pH (acid-base) Lack of enough oxygen" Torsade de pointes " is a form of ventricular tachycardia that is often due to

den death. The most common arrhythmia associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is called paroxysmal supraventricu

rough the body.

whole; do not split, chew, or crush them.Your doctor will start you on a low dose of doxazosin and gradually increase your dos

art disease, angina (chest pain), strokes, and heart attacks. In addition to taking a cholesterol-lowering medication, making cert

lot from forming.Rivaroxaban can cause bleeding which can be serious, and rarely may lead to death. This is because rivaroxab
an is safe and effective in children.

our doctors and dentists that you are taking rivaroxaban. They should talk to the doctor who prescribed rivaroxaban for you be
food at the same time each day. If you miss a dose of rivaroxaban: And take rivaroxaban 2 times a day: Take rivaroxaban as so

our dose.Valsartan controls high blood pressure and heart failure but does not cure them. Continue to take valsartan even if yo

e sure you understand any new dosing instructions from your doctor.Continue to take warfarin even if you feel well. Do not sto
; alprazolam (Xanax); antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), clarithromycin (Biaxin, in Prevpac), erythromycin (E.E.S., Eryc, Ery

chyellowing of the skin or eyesflu-like symptomsYou should know that warfarin may cause necrosis or gangrene (death of skin

ry supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also im

s.Acne is a problem of swelling and inflammation, not a problem caused by bacteria.Acne tends to run in families and can be tr

mples can cause scars.

e, you can try both electric and safety razors to see which works best. With safety razors, use a sharp blade. Also, it helps to soft

the condition. This form of the disorder can be associated with other abnormalities and development delays.
ry. The infection has also been seen in certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Once i
y. The infection has also been seen in certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Once in

ry. The infection has also been seen in certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Once i
y. The infection has also been seen in certain women who have had an intrauterine device (IUD) to prevent pregnancy. Once in

binism; causes hypopigmentation of eyes, nystagmus, strabismus, decreased visual acuity, and photophobia

rs, certain antidepressants, NSAIDs (including iburpofen) and calcium channel blockers Severe emotional stressOther possible c

unusual stress lately? Do you have nervous habits that include hair pulling or scalp rubbing? Do you have any other symptoms
ath. Dysfunction of the internal organs: In the liver, the angioma can cause liver dysfunction and appear as jaundice and dyspep

such as asthma or cystic fibrosis). Aspergilloma is a growth (fungus ball) that develops in an area of past lung disease or lung sc

d bubble, ooze, or form crusts.In older children and adults, the rash is more often seen on the inside of the knees and elbow. It
s to pollen, mold, dust mites, or animals Cold and dry air in the winter Colds or the flu Contact with irritants and chemicals Con

e. But people who have fair skin that freckles or burns easily are at greater risk. These people often also have red or blond hair
may show symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea or bleeding. Eyes: Behçet's disease may cause inflammation in the eye, su
enly attacks and harms the body's own tissues.Behçet's disease is not contagious; it is not spread from one person to another. R

e infant cries or during temperature changes. Strawberry hemangiomas may appear anywhere on the body, but are most comm
berry hemangiomas but they are deeper. Salmon patches (stork bites) are extremely common, appearing on 30-50% of newbo

ws. Patches on the back of the neck may not fade, but are usually not noticeable as the hair grows.

Men are more likely to be affected than women.

aling smoke, steam, superheated air, or toxic fumes, often in a poorly ventilated space.Burns in children are sometimes traced
e signs of dehydration: thirst, dry skin, dizziness, lightheadedness, or decreased urination. Children, elderly, and anyone with a
e vagina by decreasing the number of protective bacteria. Being pregnant, having diabetes, or being obese all create conditions
onths; however, other people may experience cold urticaria for years before seeing an improvement.Some signs and symptom

aria may have an underlying health problem, like rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis or cancer. This type of cold urticaria is known a

lue appearance (cyanosis) Flaring of the nostrils Grunting Rapid breathing (tachypnea) Short periods without breathing (apneic
hat they have herpes, may pass it to their baby.Herpes type 2 (genital herpes) is the most common cause of herpes infection in

you have become extra sensitive or allergic. The allergic reaction is often delayed, with the rash appearing 24 - 48 hours after ex
, such as ragweed or insecticide spray, can cause contact dermatitis.

se burning or pain. Allergic dermatitis often causes a red, streaky, or patchy rash where the substance touched the skin. The al
used in many personal products and cosmetics, as well as in many foods and drinks)Fabrics and clothingFragrances in perfume

It is not an allergy, and it is not dangerous. Cradle cap may or may not itch. If it itches, excessive scratching of the area may cau

ococcus organism may spread to the brain. Neurological (brain) symptoms begin gradually. Most people with this infection have
e who has the infection, or if you come into contact with items contaminated by the fungus, such as combs, unwashed clothing

that appears within 2–3 days of illness over the mucous lining of the tonsils, pharynx, larynx, or nares and that can extend into

is growing or changing in shape or colorSome dysplastic nevi do not fit the "rules" above and may be hard to tell if the mole is
transplant patients, have an increased risk of developing dysplastic nevus. Previous melanoma: A person with previous history o

sal bridge Poor hearing Poor temperature regulation Poor vision Thin, sparse hair Thin skin

alled Ehrlichia equi or Ehrlichia phagocytophila).Ehrlichia bacteria can be carried by the Lone Star tick, the American dog tick, an

a simplex. This type involves blistering of the palms and soles and may include excess sweating.Epidermolysis bullosa can vary f
nson syndrome. The more severe form is usually caused by reactions to medications, rather than infections.

Bechet's disease, and ulcerative colitis.

on the outer vaginal lips (labia), vagina, cervix, around the anus, and on the thighs or buttocks In men: on the penis, scrotum, ar
 ct with someone who already has herpes.Herpes is most likely to be transmitted by contact with the skin of an infected person

herpes remains a localized and bothersome infection, but is rarely life-threatening.

ed dampness or moisture in the area of the growths Increased vaginal discharge Itching of the penis, scrotum, anal area, or vul
ndition to others. In women, HPV can invade the walls of the vagina and cervix. These warts are flat and not easy to see withou

tal warts are not the same as the types that can cause penile or anal cancer. The warts may become numerous and quite large,

rs, certain antidepressants, NSAIDs (including iburpofen) and calcium channel blockers Severe emotional stressOther possible c

unusual stress lately? Do you have nervous habits that include hair pulling or scalp rubbing? Do you have any other symptoms

es not necessarily mean that the infection has also gone.If you have hepatitis symptoms, or think you have been put at risk, you
usion of unscreened blood and blood products;Mothers with hepatitis C may on rare occasions pass the virus to their babies du
People who received a blood product for clotting problems made before 1987 Hemodialysis patients or persons who spent ma

will die from cirrhosis or liver cancerSome people who have hepatitis C choose to make changes to their lives, such as reducing

n pass the virus to the baby) Carrying the hepatitis B virus Men having sexual intercourse with other men Receiving many blood
not releasedIndividuals who are not infected with HBV, and have not been immunized against HBV, are at risk of infection with

omatic infection.
ompromised people.

blood vessels seen in persons with this syndrome.

hills General ill-feeling Genital lesions Headache Hearing loss Joint pain Loss of eye motion Swollen glands (lymph nodes) Taste
 ho have AIDS

elop this condition. If this occurs, the prognosis is less favorable.

motional stress Extreme cold or sun exposure Excessive perspiration Illness (including lupus, other autoimmune diseases, and le

mon HPV -associated cancer. Almost all cervical cancers are caused by HPV. Vulvar cancer: About 50% are linked to HPV. Vagina

es into a cellular abnormality that may lead to cancer. The prognosis will therefore depend on the condition resulting from the

s. The sweating may be all over the body, or it may be in one area. Conditions that cause second hyperhidrosis include:Acromeg

hy living conditions. In adults, it may follow other skin disorders or a recent upper respiratory infection such as a cold or other v

substances such as antibiotics (penicillin, sulfonamides), gold, griseofulvin, isoniazid, opiates, phenothiazines, or vitamin A
xplained itching may be a symptom of a disease that could be serious.
 e coughing, bloody sputum, shortness of breath, and fever.Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doc
an Kaposi's sarcoma is fairly common in young adult males living near the equator. One form is also common in young African c
children are all at risk of Kaposi's sarcomaSexual activity: Scientists have found faggotry are more likely to get Kaposi's sarcoma

a) Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp Seizures Short stature Swollen lymph glands Thirst Vomiting Weight lossNote: Children ove
nvolves swelling of the small airways (bronchioles) and small blood vessels in the lungs. It is most common in adults. The inflam

mic visceral leishmaniasis may include:Belly area (abdominal) discomfort Cough (children) Diarrhea (children) Fever that lasts fo

rted on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. In the Americas, leishmaniasis can be found in Mexico and South Americ

ch as: Skin lesions that may be faded/discolored, than your normal skin tone. These lesions commonly have decreased sensatio
e damage in the arms and legs, which causes sensory loss in the skin and muscle weakness. People with long-term leprosy may
eatment, they are no longer able to spread the disease.Yet, according to the CDC, most adults around the world might face ver

white streaks or scratch marks called Wickham's striae Shiny or scaly appearance Dark colored - reddish-purple (skin) or gray-w

knee, inner elbow Exaggerated skin lines over the lesion Distinct borders to the lesion Becomes leathery in texture (lichenificati

man immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). "Lymphadenopathy syn
to convulsions, and can leave your child deaf or mentally retarded.) For every 1,000 children who get measles, one or two will d

ace. The virus remains active and contagious on infected surfaces for up to 2 hours. Measles spreads so easily that anyone who

The mole is growing or changing in shape or color.Some melanomas do not fit the above mentioned "rules" and may be hard t
h as transplant patients, have an increased risk of developing melanoma.Previous melanoma: A person with previous history o

gall bladder and blood.

margin of safety by the cytotoxic Mohs paste, originally used by Dr. Mohs. This paste might have destroyed any residual cancer
tals, abdomen, and inner thigh.

mycosis of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and kidneys

ay cause red streaks in the nail bed (splinter hemorrhages).Diseases:Disorders that affect the amount of oxygen in the blood (s

y to have neurofibromatosis. In most people with the condition, these spots may be the only symptom.Other symptoms may in

pear without treatment, although it can sometimes take a couple of years. Treated or not, warts that go away often reappear.

breakdown now looks like a crater. There is damage to the tissue below the skin. Stage IV: The pressure ulcer has become so d

cy anemia or jaundice. Psychological causes, including anxiety, psychosis or cocaine withdrawa. Drugs causes: Common drugs t
 ation (pitting) on the nail surface Separation of the nail from the base Severe dandruff on the scalpPsoriasis may affect any or a
cluding cuts, burns, and insect bites Some medicines, including antimalarial drugs, beta-blockers, and lithium Stress Too little s

rash is generally red, itchy, and scaly. Psoriasis -- tends to occur as red, scaly, itchy patches over joints and along the scalp. Fing

What are your underlying medical problems? Do you have, for example, asthma or allergies?Tests may include:Allergy testing Bl

sed by typing or playing the piano Smoking Frostbite Thoracic outlet syndrome

es on quickly

ahrenheit (38.3 degrees Celsius) or higher; Swollen glands in the neck; and A whitish coating can appear on the surface of the to
n and not share eating or drinking utensils.

oss Skin hardness Skin that is abnormally dark or light Skin thickening, stiffness, and tightness of fingers, hands, and forearm Sm
It is not an allergy, and it is not dangerous. Cradle cap may or may not itch. If it itches, excessive scratching of the area may cau

hills General ill-feeling Genital lesions Headache Hearing loss Joint pain Loss of eye motion Swollen glands (lymph nodes) Taste

ts of pus.Body-wide (systemic) sporotrichosis can cause lung and breathing problems, bone infection, arthritis, and infection of

Condyloma acuminata or genital wartsSkin ulcerKeratoacanthoma

an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP): Patients with XP are at higher risk of

s ulcer). These most often form on the inside of the ankle.

urs in about 30% of children who develop SJS. A rash of round lesions about an inch across arises on the face, trunk, arms and l

al collagen formation, or a result of medications or chemicals that interfere with collagen formation. They may also be associat

arvae can reenter the body through the skin around the anus, which allows an infection to grow. Areas where the worms go th

nful and red, the damage has been done. The pain is worst between 6 and 48 hours after sun exposure.In severe sunburns, blis
u can help prevent skin cancer by protecting your skin and your children's skin from the harmful rays of the sun.
s. The sweating may be all over the body, or it may be in one area. Conditions that cause second hyperhidrosis include:Acromeg

, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of PathologySkin: Lupus, systemic erythematosus; Discoid skin lesion in pa

oietic stem cell transplantation HIV infection Hormone replacement therapy and estrogens Medications (including ticlopidine, c

e, or gratification after the hair pullingMost people with this disorder also have problems with:Feeling sad or depressed Anxiet

rrounding the lesion Numerous small, smooth, flat (pinhead sized) lesions on forehead, cheeks, arms, or legs Rough growths ar
pear without treatment, although it can sometimes take a couple of years. Treated or not, warts that go away often reappear.

denly, typically 2 - 3 days after exposure, and may include:Fever Headache Weakness Rapidly developing pneumonia, with:Sho
 Contact with contaminated fluids or tissuesHumans can become infected when handling tissue or body fluids of a plague - infe
gue, because of the risk of being bitten by an infected flea People who have cats that have the plague

ve hair growth and facial hair Early appearance of masculine characteristics in boys: Deep voice, early appearance of pubic and

ficiency, pelvis ultrasonography may be for differential diagnosis. Vaginogram: In patients with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, va

when a patient needs to receive blood (transfusion) or have an organ transplant. The blood types must be matched to avoid an

ainful. Abscesses in other areas of the body may not be obvious, but they may cause significant organ damage. Some specific ty

t common in middle-aged or older adults.

more pronounced on one side Ringing (tinnitus) in the affected ear Unsteadiness, loss of balance Dizziness (vertigo) Facial numb

hands. Body organs, including the heart, may enlarge. Other symptoms of acromegaly includejoint aches thick, coarse, oily skin
hormones in the GH series, or “axis,” is growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to pro
, no cause can be identified.

to see if a condition other than bronchitis is causing the irritation. It is possible that having irritated bronchial tubes for as long
Swollen lymph nodes that usually don't hurt (especially lymph nodes in the neck or armpit)- Fever or night sweat-Frequent infe

s include:Gallstones Pancreatic cysts Pseudocysts Chronic pancreatitis

t is thought that enzymes the pancreas normally releases in an inactive form become activated inside the pancreas and start to

en the sick person sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose.You can catch a cold if:A person with a cold sneezes, coughs, or blows

toes; lips; and mucous membranesAddison's disease can cause irritability and depression. Because of salt loss, a craving for sa
wn tissues or organs and slowly destroy them. Adrenal insufficiency occurs when at least 90 percent of the adrenal cortex has b

of the replacement medication. Every Addisonian should wear an identification bracelet or preferably a necklace stating that he

ty Genetic factors Social skills

Decreased appetite Increased skin color (pigmentation) Loss of weight, muscle mass (wasting) Muscle weakness Vomiting
ease or Addison-like phenotype) -- adrenal gland does not produce enough steroid hormones

t infections.
at way because all blood in the United States has been tested for HIV since 1985.) Babies born to women with HIV also can bec

n (encephalopathy)Changed level of consciousness Hallucinations Impaired short- or long-term memoryDifficulty paying attenti
duced liver disease Toxicity of alcohol (ethanol) to the liverAlcoholic liver disease does not affect all heavy drinkers. Women m

amilies, although they are not inherited in any obvious way. It is hard to know exactly how many people have allergies, because

.Persons with this deficiency may also develop liver disease.

symptoms at altitudes between 6,300 to 9,700 feet, but pulmonary and cerebral edema are extremely rare at these heights. H

ereoscopic displays such as autostereograms. Some "higher-level" vision problems, such as reduced sensitivity to motion
of the eyes (known as strabismus), or unequal refractive power. If the child's eyes are not properly aligned, the brain will receiv
ing easily Drooling Gagging Head drop due to weakness of the neck muscles Muscle cramps Muscle contractions called fascicul

Like some cancer, smoking also increases the risk of anal cancer.
n as possible.

hey are unable to conceive a child for without uterus. Undescended testes can become cancerous later in life if they are not sur

ncer, ulcerative colitis, or rheumatoid arthritis Genetis: Some forms of anemia, such as thalassemia, can be inherited Kidney fai

to say. People with Wernicke’s aphasia usually have great difficulty understanding speech, and they are often unaware of their
 weeks). Occasionally, a severe occurrence may be accompanied by nonspecific symptoms of illness, such as fever. Canker sore

mptoms The feeling that passing stool will relieve discomfortSymptoms vary and can mimic other sources of abdominal pain, in
abdomen—a potentially dangerous condition called peritonitis.

(i.e. outside of a proper hospital), when a timely medical evaluation was impossible.Typical acute appendicitis responds quickly

en this happens, you have chronic arthritis. Arthritis may occur in men or women. Osteoarthritis is the most common type. See
t and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Joint Injuries: Damage to a joint can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis in
rthritis, the earlier you can start managing your disease and making healthy lifestyle changes to help your arthritis.

uncommon form of pneumonia called eosinophilic pneumonia. Once they are back in the small intestine, the larvae mature in

or infertility Radiation treatment to the pelvic area or chemotherapy Severe stress, depression, or rigorous exerciseAtrophic vag

ce Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities Avoids or dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork
mined by a doctor to rule out possible other conditions or reasons for the behavior.Most children with ADHD also have at least o

wear the clothes) Have unusual distress when routines are changed Perform repeated body movements Show unusual attachm
ve been suspected, but not proven. They involve:Diet Digestive tract changes Mercury poisoning The body's inability to properl
child who is diagnosed with high-functioning autism today may have been thought to simply be odd or strange 30 years ago.
ease (myasthenia gravis). Type III: digestive issues (Celiac disease and gastric carcinoid tumors), reproductive issues (hypogonad

ccur in humans. The risk from avian influenza is generally low to most people, because the viruses do not usually infect human

ong time. In general, pain that lasts longer than 3 months is considered chronic. Chronic pain is much less common than acute
uscle tension, and ruptured disks, which are also called herniated disks.Injuries: Spine injuries such as sprains and fractures can
ks that cushion the vertebrae, the individual bones that make up the spine.Diet: A diet high in calories and fat, combined with
mbness in your legs; fever; or unintentional weight loss. Such symptoms could signal a serious problem that requires treatment

ercourse may also be affected.

Fatigue Loss of balance and coordination

ay include pain or discomfort around the jaw and behind the ear, ringing in one or both ears, headache, loss of taste, hypersens
to the myelin sheath of the nerve. The myelin sheath is the fatty covering-which acts as an insulator-on nerve fibers in the brain
ia are similar but less intense.The depressed phase of both types of bipolar disorder includes the following symptoms:Daily low
A mild form of bipolar disorder called cyclothymia involves less severe mood swings. People with this form alternate between h

or heavy bleeding, with or without pain) What makes the bleeding better What makes the bleeding worse

nd over) Avoiding any situation they feel will call attention to their defect. In extreme cases, this can mean never leaving home
ore and more compulsive. Western society’s narrow standards of beauty may trigger BDD in vulnerable people.

ase rarely occurs in children and adolescents.ESFTs occur most often in children and adolescents under 19 years of age. Boys ar

defects of bones and people with metal implants, which doctors sometimes use to repair fractures, are more likely to develop o
linical trial should talk with their doctor. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI’s Cancer Information Service
oplifting Intolerance of being alone Repeated crises and acts of self-injury, such as wrist cutting or overdosing

the throat and intestines then spread into the bloodstream. At this point, the body's immune defenses often can limit the infec

ulism is eating honey or corn syrup. Clostridium botulinum also occurs normally in the stool of some infants. Approximately 110

ase Use of certain medications, especially narcoticsIn older children, paralytic ileus may be due to bacterial, viral, or food poiso

brain through the blood. The source of the infection is often not found. However, the most common source is a lung infection. L
lastomas (most malignant). Oligodendroglial tumors also can vary from less malignant to very malignant. Some primary brain t

s not common before menopause.Personal history of breast cancer: A woman who had breast cancer in one breast has an incre

detected even over 5cm in diameter if it hasn’t spread to axillary lymph nodes in the US (The American Cancer Society) 76% of
enoma. The only way to be sure, however, is to remove or biopsy the lump.Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that often feel like soft gra

ir. This can be exhausting for the child, and very young infants may become so tired that they have difficulty maintaining breath
and early spring. It is estimated that by their first year, more than half of all infants have been exposed to RSV.Risk factors inclu

ly different.
will typically take x-rays and prescribe a mouth guard. Surgery is now considered a last resort for TMJ.

ople. Today, plague is rare in the United States, but has been known to occur in parts of California, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and

cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

ce this eating disorder.Symptoms can include:Compulsive exercise Throwing away packages of laxatives, diet pills, emetics (dru
on as vomiting or diarrhea begins)

with fine finger movements (coordination) in one or both hands Wasting away of the muscle under the thumb (in advanced or l
e do. Carpal tunnel syndrome is common in people who perform repetitive motions of the hand and wrist.Typing on a compute

ch as diabetes. Cataracts are sometimes linked to use of corticosteroids and certain other medications, such as cortisone. Traum

ects of the permanent teeth.Adults are less likely to have digestive symptoms and may have one or more of the following, inste

ther conditions themselves.

everity Symptoms caused by pressure on one area of the brain Blurred, decreased, or double vision Dizziness Muscle weakness

d treated as early as possible.

their own. Some types of HPV can cause changes to cells in the cervix. If these changes are found early, cervical cancer can be
at reason, your doctor may tell you that you will not need another screening test for up to three years. But you should still go to
or, a registered dietitian, or another health care provider can suggest ways to cope with these problems. Research shows that p
et oxygen to the body. Unchecked, this condition may ultimately lead to respiratory failure and death. Chronic aspiration of aci

vagina.Numerous blisters are observed in children suffering from eczema.Scars are usually not formed unless the pox is infecte
complications sometimes occur. Older children and adolescents usually get sicker than younger children.Children born to moth

also at risk, as the virus is present in many of these areas. The mosquito that carries Chikungunya virus can bite during the day a

pidemiological survey show being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing cancers of cholangiocarcinoma.Age:

through the bloodstream (sepsis) Tuberculosis Viral hepatitis Sjogren syndromeCertain medications can also cause cholestasis.
free state).

rinks afterward. This type of lump moves when it is pushed with your fingers. It does not feel stuck or fixed to the tissue around

swelling or redness Headaches that differ from those you have had in the past Irritability Mild fever (101 degrees F or less) Mu
y not have the same symptoms as adult depression. Watch for changes in school work, sleep, and behavior. If you wonder whe
nt's divorce Failing a class Illness in the family Job loss Long-term pain Social isolation (common cause of depression in the elde
or you drink alcohol first thing in the morning

ons (lung abscesses) can form and rupture, releasing pus (empyema) between the lungs and ribs (pleural space). Disseminated

m mutations in a X-linked recessive fashion, but the mapping of the human genome has shown there are many causative muta
ay the mutation. Men do not have a second X chromosome to override the chromosome which carries the mutation. If 5% of va

hese may contribute to the development of colorectal cancer.Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): FAP is caused by changes (
pital as soon as possible.

en the sick person sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose.You can catch a cold if:A person with a cold sneezes, coughs, or blows

g, aching pain that worsens with the slightest touch or breeze Skin that slowly becomes blotchy, purple, pale, or red; thin and s
erly control blood flow, feeling (sensation), and temperature to the affected area. This leads to medical problems in the:Blood v

They may have a hard time making real friends.

early sign of depression or bipolar disorder.
 shins (bone problem of the lower leg) Scarring of the skin around the mouth, genitalia, and anus

vitis is often associated with an infection of the upper respiratory tract, a common cold, and/or a sore throat. Its symptoms inc
e infected person’s fingers or hands which may contain the virus or bacteria.Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth

mpt to resolve the conflict the person feels inside. For example, a woman who believes it is not acceptable to have violent feel

les of viruses, fungi, and parasites that can cause corneal ulcers are:Herpes simplex - This virus can lead to herpes simplex kera

h Arrhythmia, abnormal electrical activity of the heart, causing irregular heart beats, faster or slower than normalHydrocephal
growth in response to particular signals from outside the cell, the overactive protein directs cells to grow and divide constantly.

diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

ce.There are different types of craniosynostosis. Sagittal synostosis (scaphocephaly) is the most common type. It affects the ma

CJD is not related to mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalitis).New variant CJD (nvCJD):New variant CJD is an infectio

lls (eggs or sperm) or in early fetal development. Affected people typically have no history of the disorder in their family.About

tive gene) have about half the enzyme activity of a normal adult.

oody stools Skin rash Swollen gums Unintentional weight loss

tioning of the immune system in people with Crohn’s disease is a cause, or a result, of the disease. Research shows that the infl
hair growth on their face, neck, chest, abdomen, and thighs. Their menstrual periods may become irregular or stop. Men may h
chain of events. First, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain about the size of a small sugar cube, sends corticotropin-releasing

when their viewpint is losing. Allow editors such as myself a chance to add our views. Did the owner of the Super Secret Numb

ntrol. Menopause also increases the risk for a urinary tract infection.Most cases are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), a type o

ed in the future, this virus may have the chance to reactivate, causing symptoms.
e amnesia) Disrupted or wandering attention Inability to think or behave with purpose Problems concentrating Disorganized thi

past complications from alcohol withdrawal Usually generalized tonic-clonic seizuresSymptoms of alcohol withdrawal:Anxiety D

d, flat mood Difficulty performing tasks that take some thought, but that used to come easily, such as balancing a checkbook, p
ons that can affect the brain, such as HIV / AIDS and Lyme diseaseSome causes of dementia may be stopped or reversed if they

e. However, rare familial cases have occasionally been reported.

suicide or death Trouble sleeping, too much sleeping, or daytime sleepinessSometimes a person's behavior may change, or the
on. A family history of depression also puts teenagers at greater risk.The following events or situations can cause depression:B

he home. Stopping medicines or not taking them correctly. Withdrawing from others. Not talking as much, and not answering t
al reaction to the illness, or directly caused by the physical illness.Physical illnesses that increase the risk for depression include
tion, and water can build up now that the kidneys are making less urine and are less responsive to changes in body fluids.Neph

losing or not getting enough fluid)Normally, the kidneys try to make up for high glucose levels in the blood by allowing the ext

in the stool. Sometimes, parts of the worm may also be passed in the stool. Fish tapeworm infection may lead to vitamin B12 d

ber, called soluble fiber, dissolves easily in water. It takes on a soft, jelly-like texture in the intestines. Insoluble fiber passes alm

cated finger into the rectum to detect tenderness, blockage, or blood. The doctor may check stool for signs of bleeding and tes
tages, it may be hard to tell the difference between donovanosis and chancroid. In the later stages, donovanosis may look like

ludes hemolytic anemia associated with glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. In this case, the breakdown o

aughters each have a 50% chance of being carriers.Duchenne muscular dystrophy occurs in approximately 1 out of every 3,600

le pattern (hirsutism) Hot flashes Mood swings Tenderness and dryness of the vaginaA woman may feel tiredness or fatigue if s
ed from the ovaries. The most common cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is when your ovaries do not release an egg. Wh

ceable only after prolonged exertion, stress, or fatigue. Over a period of time, the symptoms may become more noticeable and
f the primary dystonias, many cases appear to be inherited in a dominant manner; i.e., only one carrier parent need contribute

contact with infected bodily fluids, or through infected needles at the hospital. A person infected with Ebola is contagious from
m human to human.Infection occurs from direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes with the blood, or other b
mouth looks red Seizures, coma, deliriumAs many as 90% of patients die from the disease. Patients usually die from shock rathe
gnancy Past infection in the fallopian tubes Surgery of the fallopian tubesUp to 50% of women who have ectopic pregnancies h

D causes about 2% of all emphysema. Smokers with A1AD are at the greatest risk for emphysema. Mild emphysema can often d

ary empty sella syndrome occurs when the sella is empty because the pituitary gland has been damaged by:A tumor Radiation

he baby is picked up) Poor feeding Soft spot on the top of the head may bulge out more VomitingEmergency symptoms:Loss of
ding newborns.A number of viruses for which there is now a vaccine may also cause encephalitis. These include:Measles Mump

ry of the problem.

t an early age also increases the number of years the body is exposed to estrogen and increases a woman's risk of endometrial

s the itching anal area, the eggs can get under the fingernails. These eggs can be transferred to other children, family members
 ouch your eyes, nose, or mouth with contaminated hands, you can get infected with the virus. It is very important to practice g

ession of kinetochore proteins and down-regulation of metallothioneins are associated with recurrence of ependymomas.

tate or epididymis.Epididymoorchitis is often spread of infection from isolated orchitis or isolated epididymitis and may be caus

od of alertness, then rapid deterioration back to unconsciousness Nausea and/or vomiting Weakness of part of the body, usuall
om a vein) bleeding in young children.Rapid bleeding causes a collection of blood (hematoma) that presses on the brain, causin
nlarged pupils, and uneven pupil size.

mon in children between 2 and 6 years old. Rarely, epiglottitis can occur in adults, and it may be easily overlooked in such patien

ng in the chest.Hiccups: This happens because of digestive dysfunction of the esophagus.Vomiting blood: When a tumor invade

phagus continues for a long period of time.Achalasia: This is a disease in which the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus do

or very young Being in poor health

e are certain types of NHL that are more common in women. The reasons for this are not known. Race, Ethnicity, and Geograph

ndrome and Turner syndrome Defects in major organ systems Problems with the endocrine system, such as thyroid hormone d

ars to be the most harmful during the first 3 months of pregnancy. However, drinking alcohol anytime during pregnancy can be

o longer contagious and may return to school or child care center. This contagious period is different than that for many other r

with their immune systems may also develop a chronic anemia with parvovirus B19 infection that requires medical treatment. P

getables and liver.Causes of folate deficiency are:Certain medications, such as phenytoin (Dilantin) Diseases in which folic acid

gher risk of developing follicular thyroid cancer. Gender: Contrary to other cancers, follicular thyroid cancers occur more often
of the heart muscle) and death, especially in newborn animals. Some infected animals remain asymptomatic, but they nonethe
xsackie viruses belong to the Enteroviruses within the Picornaviridae. Because FMD rarely infects humans, but spreads rapidly
gallstones move, your gallbladder can become infected and rupture if a blockage remains.People with any of the following sym

and changing to dark red or purpleProgressive swelling around a skin injurySweatingVesicle formation, combining into large bli
od vessel disease (atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries), diabetes, or colon cancer.

terial gastroenteritis Salmonella Shigella Staphylococcus Campylobacter jejuni Clostridium E. coli Yersinia

ch can raise questions about their gender.The cause is unknown, but hormones in the womb, genes, and environmental factors

oms may also be present, including muscle tension (shakiness, headaches) and stomach problems, such as nausea or diarrhea.

oms may also be present, including muscle tension (shakiness, headaches) and stomach problems, such as nausea or diarrhea.

wallow the parasite. It is not possible to become infected through contact with blood.
example, proper handwashing) People who swallow water while swimming and playing in recreational water where Giardia ma

d Cloudiness of the front of the eye Enlargement of one eye or both eyes Red eye Sensitivity to light Excessive Tearing
is pressure is high and causes damage to the major nerve in the eye, called the optic nerve.More specific causes by each major
es of 45-64 than in Caucasians of the same age group.A comprehensive dilated eye exam can reveal more risk factors, such as:

ed.Congenital glaucoma Early diagnosis and treatment is important. If surgery is done early enough, many patients will have no
 eroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Quinidine Quinine Sulfa drugs Other chemicals, such as those in mothballs, can also t

: Clinical surveys demonstrate the risk increases when patients have been treated with radiation to the neck or chest area, even

ng who will be affected is difficult.People with other autoimmune diseases have an increased chance of developing Graves’ dis

BS disease. The infant may also become infected after delivery by coming into contact with people who carry the GBS germ. In t

GBS disease. The infant may also become infected after delivery by coming into contact with people who carry the GBS germ.

ore easily around the middle of the abdomen. Less muscle: Since growth hormone affects muscles, patients with growth hormo

ms include:Loss of reflexes in the arms and legs Muscle weakness or loss of muscle function (paralysis) In mild cases, there may
covering (myelin sheath). Such damage is called demyelination. Demyelination slows nerve signaling. Damage to other parts of

Headache Stiff neck Nausea with or without vomiting Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) Altered mental status (confus
eight gain Cold intolerance Joint and muscle pain Constipation Dry, thin hair Heavy or irregular menstrual periods and impaired
drenal insufficiency and type 1 diabetes. In these cases, the condition is called type 2 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PG
yroid diseases. People with other autoimmune disorders are more likely to develop Hashimoto’s disease and vice versa. These
per teeth, or problems with dentures. Salivary glands. Swelling under the chin or around the jawbone; numbness or paralysis o
he head and neck. This exposure can come from diagnostic x-rays or from radiation therapy for noncancerous conditions or can

f disease. Squamous cell cancers of the head and neck are staged according to the TNM classification system, where T is the siz

rpura (ITP) Lupus flare Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

iron builds up in the body organs, hemochromatosis may also produce the following symptoms:Loss of menstrual periods or e
0 people will develop symptoms. Other studies have shown that as many as 50 in 100 people may develop symptoms. A person
s have a higher chance of having the HFE gene mutation.There are other factors which influence the rate at which iron is absor

ed blood cells Differences in the protein inside a red blood cell that carries oxygen (hemoglobin)Extrinsic factors include: Abnor

rgery Spontaneous bleeding

In a woman who carries the defective gene, any of her male children will have a 50% chance of having hemophilia A, while any

ary tract hemorrhage Nosebleeds Prolonged bleeding from cuts, tooth extraction, and surgery Spontaneous bleeding
a woman who carries the defective gene have a 50% chance of having hemophilia B, while their daughters have a 50% chance

nfusion Inappropriate behavior or severe personality changes Slurred speech Slowed or sluggish movementPatients with hepa
made harmless by the liver. Many other substances may also build up in the body if the liver is not working well. They can cau
f appetite Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Weight lossMany people with hepatitis B or C do not have symptoms when they are fi
matosis, a condition that involves having too much iron in your body (the excess iron deposits in the liver).For more information

ess more often than children, and the severity of disease and mortality increase in older age groups.Symptoms typically last les
ho has HAV who did not properly wash their hands after using the bathroom. Not washing hands after changing a diaper (young

y with people over the age of 50 and have other liver diseases as well.

ected. However, they can still spread the virus to other people. Symptoms may not appear for up to 6 months after the time of
cted by the vaccine. The incubation period of the hepatitis B virus is 75 days on average, but can vary from 30 to 180 days. The
k factors for hepatitis B infection include:Being born, or having parents who were born in regions with high infection rates (inclu

ptoms.Liver cancer is almost always fatal and often develops in people at an age when they are most productive and have fami

iari syndrome and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Chronic constipation, straining to have bowel movements. Chronic cough. Cystic fibrosis. Enlarged prostate, straining to urinate

tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated a

use chronic constipation, abdominal swelling, and decreased growth.Hirschsprung's disease causes about 25% of all newborn in

ich may seem shallow to others

t infections.
at way because all blood in the United States has been tested for HIV since 1985.) Babies born to women with HIV also can bec
ns. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific symptoms.
ymphoma.Socioeconomic status: Clinical survey shows patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma posses higher socioeconomic backgr

with Hodgkin's lymphoma whose disease returns within a year after treatment or who do not respond to the first treatment hav

ers, who can pass germs from their hands or clothes from one patient to another. That is why hand-washing, wearing gowns, a

e virus, such as a toy or doorknob.RSV often spreads very rapidly in crowded households and day care centers. The virus can liv

:Anxiety, stress, and tension Difficulty swallowing Speech impairmentSymptoms in children:Rigidity Slow movements Tremor
assed along in families, it becomes evident at younger and younger ages.There are two forms of Huntington's disease. The mos

ely rare this early in a normal pregnancyHigh blood pressure Swelling in feet, ankles, legs

kage within the spermatic cord. This type of hydrocele is more common in older men.

ms Loss of bladder control Nausea

tis Other infections contracted after birth

me. The number of babies who develop immune hydrops fetalis has dramatically decreased since the introduction of the medi

ot needed. Obesity and consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates are risk factors for this disease.
hyroidism is caused by enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands. This leads to too much parathyroid hormone, wh

m corticotropinoma: The concentration of plasma cortisol concentration in the morning and corticotropin concentration over 24

pertriglyceridemia occurs in about 1 in 500 individuals in the United States. Risk factors are a family history of hypertriglyceride

re likely to have this disorder. However, this does not mean that every person with a hypochondria disorder has a history of abu
on (menarche) Pregnancy

hemolytic anemias.

iagnosed with diabetes before the pregnancy, her infant also has an increased risk of having birth defects if the disease is not w

risk of Infant RDS:A brother or sister who had RDS. Diabetes in the mother. Cesarean delivery. Delivery complications that red

vix Birth defects that affect the reproductive tract Excessive exercising Eating disorders or poor nutrition Use of certain medica

Clotting problems (deep vein thrombosis) Constipation Eye inflammation Fistulas (usually around the rectal area, may cause dra
cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, the condition is linked to a problem with the body's immune system response.Normally, t

may appear: this is known as a flare-up. Depending on the circumstances, it may go away on its own or require medication. Th
common.These symptoms (except the cough) usually disappear within 4 - 7 days. Sometimes, the fever returns. The cough an
 and hunger. Or it can be severe, leading to seizures, coma, and even death.Insulinomas are rare tumors. They usually occur as

of the lips, skin, or fingernails due to low blood oxygen levels (cyanosis).
monary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type. Less common types include:Acute interstitial pneumonitis (AIP). Cryptogenic org

.Depending on the cause of IUGR, the developing baby may be symmetrically small, or have a head that is normal size for gesta

birth. If it occurs, it will usually be in the first several days of life. The condition is quite rare after 1 month of age, no matter ho

people with cancer)

can replace Your body does not do a good job of absorbing iron Your body is able to absorb iron, but you are not eating enoug

ge of 1 mg of iron per day.Since children only absorb about 10% of the iron they eat, most children need to receive 8-10 mg of i

d disorders, gallstones, birth defects and a number of other medical conditions can lead to jaundice. For more information on t

f olfactory bulb.

tic disease of the newborn (patient information)Rh hemolytic disease that may lead to hydrops fetalis are at high risk for severe

stances such as asbestos, cadmium, some herbicides, benzene, and organic solvents, particularly trichloroethylene, may increa
 Certain kinds of stones can occur with bowel disease, ileal bypass for obesity, or renal tubule defects.There are different types

e slightly more likely to have a boy with this syndrome than younger women.

ess to a complete loss of the ability to speak (mutism). Children who have learned to read and write before the onset of audito

t and the word order may be off Have difficulty finding the right words when talking, and often use placeholder words such as
ems, autistic spectrum disorders, hearing loss, and learning disabilities.A language disorder may also be caused by damage to t
r coat" At 24 months: is not able to point to a picture or a part of the body when it is named At 30 months: does not respond o

ut growth hormone deficiency caused by other damages, such as tumor or injure in hypothalamus and pituitary glands.
 ed livestock, rainwater catchment systems, and infected rodentsLeptospirosis is rare in the continental United States. Hawaii h
d from person to person.

reptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Atypical pneumonia, often called walking pneumonia, is caused by bacteria such as

y increase the risk of developing liposarcoma.Vinyl chloride Arsenic Thorium dioxide(Thorotrast)

e of tissue using needle or a small tool. For bigger tissues, an incision may be made and surgical biopsy is used. The sample is se

ms as abscesses, skin lesion, and conjunctivitis. Symptoms, in addition to fever and muscle aches, can include headache, stiff ne
d seafoodListeria are killed by cooking and pasteurization. However, in some ready-to-eat meats, such as hot dogs and deli me
e likely than the general population to get Listeria infection.Pregnant Hispanic women are about 24 times more likely than the

ording to the American Cancer Society, an estimated 3,000 nonsmoking adults will die each year from lung cancer related to bre
who work in mines may be exposed to radon. In some parts of the country, radon is found in houses. Radon damages lung cells,
alled fistulas between the vagina and rectum.

e certain types of NHL that are more common in women. The reasons for this are not known. Race, Ethinicity and Geography In
ts in the central vision look distorted and dim, and colors look faded. Often this blurred vision will go away in brighter light. A p

likely to lose vision from macular degeneration than African Americans. Family history: Those with immediate family members

and do other routine activities without too much difficulty.

s of death or suicideTrouble sleeping or excessive sleepingDepression can appear as anger and discouragement, rather than fee
eaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend Failing a class Death or illness of someone close to you Divorce Childhood abuse or neg

TABOLIC DISEASEAdrenal gland dysfunction Diabetes Pituitary gland dysfunction (rare) Thyroid diseaseCANCERLeukemia Lymph

cases varies from 7 to 30 days.

he red blood cells than the other types, making it significantly more serious. It can be fatal within a few hours of the manifesta
ple who have little or no immunity to malaria, such as young children, pregnant women, and travelers coming from areas witho

sistent fluid in the middle ear reducing a child's hearing.Children who have early hearing impairment from frequent ear infectio
er risk of developing medullary thyroid cancer Gender: Contrary to other cancers, follicular thyroid cancers occur more often in

oss may be for words and thoughts only, or for motor memory (the body can no longer perform specific actions). Memory loss

sleepiness or difficulty waking up Skin rashes

d coccidioides. Brain tumor Brain surgery Head injury Systemic lupus erythematosus (Lupus)

ation Forgetfulness (in some women) Headaches Irregular menstrual periods Mood swings including irritability, depression, and
rs after the last period. Menopause symptoms may last 5 or more years.Estrogen levels may drop suddenly after some medica

nges in birth control pills or estrogens that you take Use of certain drugs such as steroids or blood thinners (for example, warfa

om profoundly impaired to mild or borderline retardation. Less emphasis is now placed on the degree of retardation and more

ay also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so t

tase deficiency) occurs when the enzyme doesn't work anywhere in the body.The second form of inherited methemoglobinem
biopsy or other procedures

mother Methylmercury poisoning Congenital rubella Congenital toxoplasmosis Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) Use of certai

dicating they were previously infected with MERS-CoV or a closely related virus. However, we don’t know whether camels are

gered by certain foods, including beer and red wine, aged cheeses, chocolate, aspartame, caffeine, monosodium glutamate, sa
thirst You are pregnant or could become pregnant -- some medications should not be taken when pregnant

Sometimes, it does not occur until years after you become infected. You are more likely to get this type of TB if you have a wea
become infected.

tems Personality changes and loss of social skillsAs the dementia becomes worse, symptoms are more obvious and interfere wi
es affect a small area, there may be no symptoms of a stroke. These are often called silent strokes. Over time, as more areas of

partments, usually at different hospitals Requests for invasive medical procedures or surgeries Failure to improve despite med

to suffer through unnecessary tests, surgeries, or other uncomfortable procedures.The parent is usually very helpful in the hos
e disorder usually develops slowly in people over age 50.Diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma may also cause bone marrow

e occur suddenly and can arise daily or as infrequently as once a year. Vertigo, often the most debilitating symptom of Ménière
y's motion. An increase in endolymph, however, can cause the membranous labyrinth to balloon or dilate, a condition known a

t found in salt water, like the ocean

is a sudden loss of muscle tone while awake, resulting in the inability to move. Strong emotions, such as laughter or anger, wil

ho have received blood exchange transfusions

ng the kidneys, lungs, and brain.

risk of Infant RDS:A brother or sister who had RDS. Diabetes in the mother. Cesarean delivery. Delivery complications that red

wing increase an infant's risk of sepsis after delivery:Having a catheter in a blood vessel for a long time Staying in the hospital f
y vague and non-specific includes headache and mental status changes. Symptoms are often multifocal and neuraxal. The most
e subarachnoid space. Infiltration to the spinal cord - Cancer cells gain access to the subarachnoid space through this route via
of ventricular system manipulation in a patient with known brain metastasis increases the risk. Furthermore, the incidence of

er, the use of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) inhibitors confers durable responses without the need for intra-CSF chemotherap

seases such as mononucleosis, measles, mumpsThe inflammation disrupts the functioning of the glomerulus, which is the part

ry causes have been excluded.Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome is nephrotic syndrome that is associated with well-known kidney

with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

e:Difficulty moving limbs (dystonia) Enlarged spleen Enlarged liver Jaundice at (or shortly after) birth Learning difficulties and in
holesterol in the liver and spleen and excessive amounts of other lipids in the brain.There may be reduced ASM activity in some

s of therapy are to extend and improve quality of life.

chest, which may put pressure on the windpipe (trachea) or other airways.Some patients may have abdominal pain or swelling
tt's lymphoma is an example of a high-grade lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma is a low-grade lymphoma. The cancer is further g
ides and insecticides, exposure to radiation Bad life-style: Overweight, obese, diet poor in vegetables. Age: Most cases of Non-

in early adulthood. This perfectionism may interfere with the person's ability to complete tasks, because their standards are so
medications, can cause a side effect called acute dystonic reaction. Opisthotonos may be part of this reaction.In rare cases, infa

associated with increased risk for oral cancer.Other factors that increase the risk of oral cancer include poor dental and oral hy

ry quickly and can lead to blindness. Immediate medical attention is needed

ic attack (TIA)Degenerative disorders:Alzheimer's disease (also called senile dementia, Alzheimer's type) Creutzfeldt-Jacob dise
ly affected. In adults, the feet, spine bones (vertebrae), and the hips (pelvis) are most commonly affected.

ess of any type (lowers resistance of the body to infection)

ely to have speech and language disabilities.

ucasians are more likely to develop this condition than people of other racess

g hearing aids to transmit sounds from the non-hearing ear to the good ear.

d BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or colorectal cancer: Clinical data show the person wh

wisting of the ovary on its blood supply, or rupture of a cyst with internal bleedingChanges in menstrual periods are not comm
factors have been found.Functional ovarian cysts are not the same as ovarian tumors (including ovarian cancer) or cysts due to

greater risk of this syndrome if you receive more than one dose of hCG after ovulation and if you become pregnant during this

separate areas of the upper portion of the small intestine (duodenum).If the pancreatic ducts become blocked, swelling and tis

ette smokers are two or three times more likely than nonsmokers to develop pancreatic cancer. Diabetes -- Pancreatic cancer o
dder to the intestine. If the common bile duct is blocked by a tumor, the bilirubin cannot pass through normally. Blockage may
m Feeling of choking Feelings of detachment Feelings of unreality Nausea or upset stomach Numbness or tingling in the hands, f

n other types of schizophrenia.

thyroidism is caused by enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands. This leads to too much parathyroid hormone, w

weeks of illness and may include intestinal hemorrhage or perforation, which can be life threatening.

insonism may feel it difficult to speak and swallow. Bradykinesia: Slowness of movement and impaired balance occur in the late
Having head lice causes intense itching, but does not lead to serious medical problems. Unlike body lice, head lice never carry o

caused by chlamydia infection.

ID each year. About 1 in 8 sexually active adolescent girls will develop PID before age 20.

et. Continued inflammation leads to damage of the tissues and bone surrounding the tooth. Because plaque contains bacteria,

feet.Muscle ProblemsDamage to the nerves can make it harder to control muscles. It can also cause weakness. You may notice
cts a nerve Long-term, heavy alcohol use Glue, lead, mercury, and solvent poisoning Drugs that treat infections, cancer, seizure

r, or the ability to absorb the combination of intrinsic factor and vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Pernicious anemia that occu

In rare cases, pertussis can be deadly, especially in infants.

th decision making, complex tasks, or language (trouble finding or understanding words or writing).General symptoms are liste
s 40 and 60. The average age at which it begins is 54.

fat in the abdomen Lack of energy Hypoadrenalism (if not already present or treated) Inability to deal with physical stress Naus

The placenta covers part of the cervical opening. Complete: The placenta completely covers the cervical opening.Placenta pre

reptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Atypical pneumonia, often called walking pneumonia, is caused by bacteria such as

adache Irritability Leg pain (calf muscles) Moderate fever Muscle stiffness Muscle tenderness and spasm in any area of the bod

Children in the United States are now routinely vaccinated against the disease. Outbreaks still occur in the developed world, us
n the armpits or neck area Pelvic pain Anxiety or depression due to appearance and/or infertility Sleep apnea (excessive snorin
s of androgen that are higher than normal can lead to acne, excessive hair growth, weight gain, and problems with ovulation.<fi

ore than 50 percent of women with PCOS will have diabetes or pre-diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance) before the age of 40.

no specific cause for polyhydramnios is found.

ing like you have no futureArousalDifficulty concentrating Startling easily Having an exaggerated response to things that startle
rotransmitters).It is not known why traumatic events cause PTSD in some people but not others. Having a history of trauma ma

raid to be alone with her baby Have negative feelings toward the baby or even think about harming the baby (Although these f
eed for treatment.Postpartum depression may occur when the baby blues do not fade away or when signs of depression start 1
ember who has had depression or anxiety Have a poor relationship with your significant other or are single Have financial prob

failure, and death.

eding due to difficulty sucking or coordinating swallowing and breathing Less body fat Small scrotum, smooth without ridges, a

conomic status Use of tobacco, cocaine, or amphetamines

nosed and treated as early as possible.

own ovarian tissue and harm the egg-containing follicles, then result in premature ovarian failure. Age: The risk of ovarian failu

y periods of teariness Panic attack Persistent irritability or anger that affects other people Physical symptoms, such as bloating,

ess, feeling gaseous Bloating of the abdomen Breast tenderness Clumsiness Constipation or diarrhea Food cravings Headache L
woman's late 30s and 40s as she approaches the transition to menopause.As many as 50% - 60% of women with severe PMS h

ely:It is urgent that you call your health care provider if you are currently pregnant and you have any amount of vaginal bleedin

d hearing loss tends to run in families) Repeated exposure to loud noises Smoking (smokers are more likely to have such hearin

pread from one person to another.

chest, which may put pressure on the windpipe (trachea) or other airways.Some patients may have abdominal pain or swelling
phoma is an example of a high-grade lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma is a low-grade lymphoma. The cancer is further grouped
ides, and insecticides, exposure to radiation Bad life-style: Overweight, obese, diet poor in vegetables. Age: Most cases of Non-

amount of time or money spent gambling Needing to borrow money due to gambling losses Needing to gamble larger amount

ulty: unable to look up or down without bending the neck

a loss of tissue in most areas of the brain and in some parts of the spinal cord.The disorder is most often seen in people over 6

er has spread, a man may experience:Bone pain in the back, hips, thighs, shoulders, or in other bones Unexplained weight loss

er is an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH). This problem does not raise your risk of prostate cancer.Many

tion or blood in the semen Pain with bowel movementsIf prostatitis occurs with an infection in or around the testicles (epididym

e administered at midnight. A midnight cortisol level of less than 7.5 µg/dL is an important difference between pseudo-Cushing

order for you to develop the condition. The condition causes short stature, round face, and short hand bones, and is also called
disorders (schizotypal, shizoid, paranoid, and sometimes borderline) Schizoaffective disorder Schizophrenia

nfection include slaughterhouse workers, veterinarians, researchers, food processors, and sheep and cattle workers. Men are in

ma and death. Once clinical signs manifest, most patients die in 7–14 days.

rrhea Greasy or fatty stools Weight loss

n 2 weeks of infection. In LBRF, the fever usually lasts 3-6 days and is usually followed by a single, milder episode. In TRBF, multi
ccurred during World Wars I and II. At least 1 million people died during these epidemics.
 ract infection Bladder cancer and ureter cancer Urinary tract tuberculosis
asbestos, cadmium, some herbicides, benzene, and organic solvents, particularly trichloroethylene, may increase the risk for re

of the retina responsible for fine, detailed vision) detaches. That is why it is important to contact an eye care professional imme

ead growth beginning at approximately 5 - 6 months of age Loss of normal sleep patterns Loss of purposeful hand movements;
s of the disease have appeared within families and certain geographic regions, including Norway, Sweden, and northern Italy.

me, some keep that ability for their lifetime, while other children lose the skill.Life expectancies are not well studied, although su

es time for the mother to develop antibodies, first born infants are often not affected unless the mother had past miscarriages

e most common type of rhinitis is the allergic type.

begins to get worse High fever, along with a darkened nasal discharge, for at least 3 days Nasal discharge, with or without a co
deviated nasal septum, nasal bone spur, or nasal polyps may block the opening of the sinuses.Rhinosinusitis can be:Acute -- sy

demonstrate the image of the tumor. Sometimes the doctor may see the shadow of teeth and bones.Computed tomography (C

tion may spread from the intestines to the blood stream, and then to other body sites. Unless the person is treated promptly w
ecome contaminated.Food may become contaminated by the hands of an infected food handler who did not wash hands with

lled Reiter's syndrome. It can last for months or years, and can lead to chronic arthritis which is difficult to treat. Antibiotic trea
es. It is common in many tropical and subtropical areas worldwide.

delusions of reference) Lack of concern with hygiene or grooming Mood that is either too good, or depressed or irritable Proble

hings that are not there (hallucinations) Problems paying attention Thoughts "jump" between unrelated topics (“loose associati
elopmental disorders of childhood, such as autism.

rsonality disorder, who do not want to form relationships.

ajor depressive disorder. A second personality disorder, such as paranoid personality disorder, is also common with this conditi

in their family. Each child of an affected parent has a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disorder. Unlike those with a unilater
the face or one ear Vision abnormalities that are temporary Weakness of the face
or individuals with unilateral vestibular schwannoma, however, some scientists hypothesize that this gene somehow loses its ab

yroidism. Too much phosphate causes changes in calcium levels.Kidney failure is a common cause of secondary hyperparathyro

ay spread up or down an arm or leg Muscle tension or tightening that causes twisting of the body, head, arms, or legs Shaking
oxication with drugs Drug toxicity, for example aminophylline or local anaesthetics Normal doses of certain drugs that lower the

both understand and speak, but fails to speak in certain settings or environments. Children with mutism never speak.

when they meet new people or visit new places. They recognize their parents as familiar and safe. When separated from their
nfected with Group B streptococcus or Haemophilus influenza, if they have not been vaccinated.

possibility in some cases. Live virus had even been found in the stool of people with SARS, where it has been shown to live for u

e) in order to better spread among humans.

ndrome is very rare.

nd skin (jaundice)Other symptoms include:Chest pain Excessive thirst Frequent urination Painful and prolonged erection (priap
) from your other parent, you will have sickle cell trait. People with sickle cell trait do not have the symptoms of sickle cell anem

. Swelling in the lungs and symptoms occur faster than in simple silicosis.Acute silicosis -- results from short-term exposure to v
s associated with insomnia include:Physical illness Depression Anxiety or stress Poor sleeping environment such as excessive no

ry lifestyle Stimulants such as caffeine Urination at night

ugh the blood-brain barrier. The term'sleeping sickness' comes from the symptoms of the neurological phase. The symptoms in
to child infection: the trypanosome can sometimes cross the placenta and infect the fetus. Laboratories: accidental infections,

at problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

increased risk of small intestine cancers. Some inherited causes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary nonp
hich can be downloaded onto a computer for the doctor to analyze. Double balloon enteroscopy and biopsy: This is a newer wa

n be limited to one situation (such as talking to people, eating or drinking, or writing on a blackboard in front of others). Or, it m

uch as neurofibromatosis, Gardner syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Retinoblastoma, Werner syndrome, etc.
nd looked at under a microscope.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): An MRI uses magnetic fields but it is a different type of im

rest of spina bifida cases are most commonly:Spina bifida occulta, a condition in which the bones of the spine do not close but
 or pain that radiates to the upper arm, forearm, or (rarely) fingers.The pain often starts slowly. It may get worse:After standing
n pain, numbness, or weakness. The lower back (lumbar area) of the spine is the most common area for a slipped disc. The cerv
Occupations that strain your spine. People with physically demanding jobs have a greater risk of back problems. Repetitive liftin

severe cases. The disease is generally milder in children than in older adults. About 40% of children and young adults with SLEV

ccur. Vague abdominal fullness - This is because of the development of the lump. Premature abdominal fullness after meals: Th
HP infection and other risk factors may act together to increase the risk even more.Have had a Helicobacter pylori (HP) infectio

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Atypical pneumonia, often called walking pneumonia, is caused by bacteria such a

blood pressure (hypotension) Low sodium levels in the blood Severe heart failure Severe lung diseases Very high blood pressure

...I want my doll, I...I see you, or Ca-ca-ca-can) Tension in the voice Very long sounds within words (I am Booooobbbby Jones or
more common in boys than girls. It also tends to persist into adulthood more often in boys than in girls.

h and tear, allowing blood to collect. In the elderly, the veins are often already stretched because of brain atrophy (shrinkage) a
e are usually well controlled with medication. Seizures may occur at the time the hematoma forms, or up to months or years aft
ith the patient.

u infection.

tion of an animal virus into a stressed human population in close contact in crowded facilities during the winter. The swine infl

Other symptoms, such as fever, general ill feeling, loss of appetite, muscle aches, joint pain, enlarged lymph nodes, vision chan
es require tests for syphilis before marriage. All pregnant women who receive prenatal care should be screened for syphilis to p

m eggs they pick up on their hands while wiping or scratching their anus or the skin around it.Those who are infected can expos

hemselves, and boys born to teen mothers have a higher than average rate of being arrested and jailed.
have other, nonspecific symptoms such as respiratory complaints (most frequently dry cough) or weakness or pain along many
s almost always seen in people over age 50, but it may sometimes occur in younger people. It is rare in people of African desce

ty that causes the head to be held in one position for a long time without moving can cause a headache. Such activities include
ry mouth, or extreme thirst. You are pregnant or could become pregnant -- some medications should not be taken when pregn

ther conditions. It is important to see a doctor to determine the cause of any of these symptoms.

exact causes of testicular cancer are not known. However, studies have shown that several factors increase a man's chance of d
an x-ray machine). Men who have had testicular cancer have an increased likelihood of developing cancer in the remaining tes

onths. Neonatal tetanus is a form of generalized tetanus that occurs in newborns.

bic bacterium, it and its endospores survive well in an environment that lacks oxygen. Hence, stepping on a nail (rusty or not) m
tent, Chinese, other Asians, and African Americans.There are many forms of thalassemia. Each type has many different subtype

o a low production of platelets in the bone marrow. The most common example is chemotherapy treatment.The following heal

associated with increased risk for oral cancer.Other factors that increase the risk of oral cancer include poor dental and oral hy

time. Symptoms usually get worse before the mid-teen years.Contrary to popular belief, only a small number of patients use cu
aware of them and never seek medical help.Tourette syndrome is four times as likely to occur in boys as in girls.
niffing Snorting Squealing Throat clearing

egment of the spinal cord is involved, some patients may experience respiratory problems as well.Initially, people with transver
implex, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, influenza, echovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis A, and rubella. Bac

ne-third show no recovery at all, remaining wheelchair-bound or bedridden with marked dependence on others for basic functi

a Vaginal odor (foul or strong smell)Men:Burning after urination or ejaculation Itching of urethra Slight discharge from urethraO

e of poor quality
of TBDrug resistance is more common in people who: Do not take their TB medicine regularly and are non-compliant. Do not t
 es, but other cells have only one.Turner syndrome occurs in about 1 out of 2,000 live births.

he Severe muscle pain (myalgia) StuporThe early rash is a light rose color and fades when you press on it. Later, the rash becom
, raccoons, skunks, and rats)Rickettsia prowazekii causes epidemic typhus and Brill-Zinsser disease. Brill-Zinsser disease is a mil

These diseases include:Argininosuccinic aciduria Arginase deficiency Carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) deficiency Citrulline

igns of a UTI) Nausea and vomiting Severe abdominal pain (sometimes)

developing a UTI:Diabetes Advanced age (especially people in nursing homes) Problems emptying your bladder completely (ur

nstrual cycles during a woman’s lifetime raises her risk of endometrial cancer.Pregnancy: Studies show that a higher number of

o grow, usually slowly.Fibroids can be so tiny that you need a microscope to see them. However, they can grow very large. The

vary depending on the form of uveitis:Anterior uveitis may be associated with autoimmune diseases, but most cases occur in h

hin the retina Glaucoma Retinal detachment Vision loss

enocarcinoma of the vagina more often than would normally be expected. These women are called "DES daughters". Human pa

p the vagina shrinking and narrowing and some gels and creams to moisturise the vagina and prevent soreness.

toris is stimulated.

ng and a thick, white vaginal discharge, and other symptoms.Another cause of vulvovaginitis is bacterial vaginosis, an overgrow

se with the highest risk for severe gastroenteritis include the young, the elderly, and people who have suppressed immune syst

herefore, a thorough travel and exposure history are critical.

mal or insect host (natural reservoir) The viruses are restricted to their hosts' area The virus has human and animal hosts Human
ses) Other reservoir species - such as bats (Ebola, Marburg viruses)

fecal matter. Other viruses that cause this condition include:Chickenpox (varicella virus) Other enteroviruses Herpes simplex vi

bsorb enough vitamin B12:Chronic alcoholism Crohn's disease, celiac disease, infection with the fish tapeworm, or other proble

w about 4% of women with LS develope vulvar cancer later. Melanoma or atypical moles: Epidemiological data have verified tha

g and some gels and creams to moisturise the vagina and vulva and prevent soreness.
paralysisThese symptoms may last for several weeks. Contact your doctor if you have any of these symptoms and have recentl
itten by mosquitoes that carry West Nile virus, most do not know they've been exposed. Few people develop severe disease or

example, from wearing a tight watch strap) Pressure caused by hanging the arm over the back of a chair ("Saturday night palsy"

lity. This occurs in up to 1 in 5 people who do not get antibiotic treatment.

may include heart, liver, and kidney failure, bleeding disorders, hemorrhage, and brain dysfunction including delirium, seizures,

of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and kidneys

kin infections or other infections caused by bacteria such as streptococcus or staphylococcus. Sometimes it is caused by rare in

e plate instead of eating Exercising all the time, even when the weather is bad, they are hurt, or their schedule is busy Going to
time, more and more blood vessels are destroyed. The kidney structures begin to leak and protein (albumin) begins to pass into

e without diabetes.

is. It is important to tell the doctor of these symptoms as soon as possible so that the problems can be treated as early as poss

milk, substances made from galactose build up in the infant's system. These substances damage the liver, brain, kidneys, and e

estational diabetes. Controlling blood sugar levels reduces this risk.High blood sugar (glucose) levels often go back to normal aft
ents iodine deficiency. However, the Great Lakes, Midwest, and inner mountain areas of the United States were once called the

the testicles Side effects of some medications (ketoconazole, spironolactone, cimetidine etc) Overactive thyroidGenetic defect

h as:Cirrhosis of the liver Heart failure Nephrotic syndrome

y failure Chronic kidney failure Glomerulonephritis Obstructive uropathy Rejection of a kidney transplantThe hormone aldoster
ove the excess potassium that has been released from the cells.Increased intake of potassium can cause hyperkalemia if kidney

Babies born to mothers with diabetes may have severe hypoglycemia.Idiopathic hypoglycemia is hypoglycemia that occurs with

an be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

(occasionally)Glucagonomas make the hormone glucagon, which helps the body raise blood sugar levels. Symptoms can includ
om the diet, bone production and bone tissues may suffer.As you age, calcium and phosphate may be reabsorbed back into th

ongenital adrenal hyperplasia Craniopharyngioma Chronic (long-term) illnesses Cushing's disease Cystic fibrosis Gonadal dysgen

raniopharyngioma Cystic fibrosis Gonadal dysgenesis Prader-Willi syndrome Testicular feminization syndrome True hermaphro
do not release prolactin Hypothalamus tumor
ld not be forgotten, nor the effects of other pituitary tumours. This is discussed more under Hyperprolactinaemia.
er tumors, called macroprolactinomas, are more common in men. Prolactinomas in men tend to occur at an older age and can

uitary) tumors Polycystic ovarian syndrome Premature ovarian failure Thyroid dysfunctionThe following drugs may also cause m

oids like morphin, antiepileptics, and some antidepressants medications.

ective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, vincristine, thioridazine, cyclophosphamide, clofibrate, bromocriptine, haloperidol, thioth
rs Confusion Hallucinations Stupor Coma

e to a buildup of fluid in the tissues can cause weight gain. This may occur with menstruation, heart or kidney failure, preeclamp

at other symptoms do you have? When did the weight gain begin?Tests that may be done include:Blood tests including chemis
 quadrant. Gallbladder tumor can cause a tender, irregularly shaped mass in the right-upper quadrant. Hydronephrosis (fluid-fil

ch virus, indigestion, or gas. If the pain becomes more severe, it may be caused by a blockage of the intestines. Pain that is loca
mic bowel) Diverticulitis Heartburn, indigestion, or gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease
that lasts 1 week or longer Abdominal pain that does not improve in 24 - 48 hours, or becomes more severe and frequent and

ople are unable to digest food components such as artificial sweeteners and lactose—the sugar found in milk. Parasites. Parasit

rtal vein thrombosis) Congestive heart failure Pancreatitis Thickening and scarring of the sac like covering of the heartKidney di

rations for extreme obesity, or as a complication of inflammatory bowel disease or scleroderma.

losis (abnormal pouches in the colon) Hemorrhoids (common cause) Inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease or u
y are known as adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinomas are cancers that originate in glandular tissue cells. Adenocarcinoma is the

er in the diet lack of physical activity medications milk irritable bowel syndrome changes in life or routine such as pregnancy, ag

ood in the stool, and toilet habits—how often and where one has bowel movements. A record of eating habits, medication, and
esist toilet training
ectal tissue from inside to move out of rectum)

ople are unable to digest food components such as artificial sweeteners and lactose—the sugar found in milk. Parasites. Parasit

ouble swallowing.Rarely, the discomfort of a heart attack is mistaken for indigestion.

ach pain or vomiting.

e throat. This is called globus hystericus.Problems that involve the esophagus often cause swallowing problems, including:An a
le can't reach the intestines, and the level of bilirubin builds up. If the bile duct is blocked, bilirubin cannot get through to the in
lbladder.Family history. People with family history of gallbladder cancer have a higher probability of developing gallbladder can

ese medications.
le can't reach the intestines, and the level of bilirubin builds up. If the bile duct is blocked, bilirubin cannot get through to the in
lbladder.Family history. People with family history of gallbladder cancer have a higher probability of developing gallbladder can

ese medications.

otherwise healthy people over age 50. Most of the time, a hiatal hernia produces no symptoms.Other factors that may contrib
r anxiety Tricyclic antidepressantsIf you suspect that one of your medications may be causing heartburn, talk to your doctor. Ne

Mallory-Weiss tear Meckel's diverticulum Radiation injury to the bowel

ed to see if they begin to grow.

orted. Rare genes involved include mutation in BRAF kinase and protein kinase C.

on. Symptoms can happen frequently in some people and less often in others. Many people with gastroparesis experience a wid
s, including abdominal migraine and Parkinson’s disease Metabolic disorders, including hypothyroidismMany people have what

isease and pancreatitis as sources of the problem, you may have an ultrasound test, which uses harmless sound waves to outlin

the chest cavity. This weakens the LES and makes it easier for acid to back up from the stomach into the esophagus.Pregnancy
causing heartburn. DO NOT change or stop taking your medicine on your own, without talking to your doctor first
hol? Do you smoke? Do you wear clothing that is tight in the chest or belly? Do you also have pain in the chest, jaw, arm, or som

e obvious in the abdominal region. Jaundice and itching: This is caused by hepatocellular necrosis and obstruction of bile in the

sfunction of the liver or synthetic blood coagulation factors and esophagogastric fundus vein rupture. An abundant amount of b

entrate the urine, if any is being produced. The urine sediment should be bland, microscopy may show hyaline casts. ATN may

hese may contribute to the development of colorectal cancer.Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): FAP is caused by changes (
pital as soon as possible.

outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life. Patient

You have yellow coloring of the skin and eyes (jaundice) You vomit blood or pass blood in the stool
ach pain or vomiting.
oblem. The older the child, the more likely such a trigger will be found.

nd vomiting
In IBS, the epithelium appears to work properly. However, when the contents inside the colon move too quickly, the colon lose

common among adults with Asian, African, or Native American heritage. It is less common in people of northern or western Eu

e obvious in the abdominal region. Jaundice and itching: This is caused by hepatocellular necrosis and obstruction of bile in the

sfunction of the liver or synthetic blood coagulation factors and esophagogastric fundus vein rupture. An abundant amount of b

fallopian tube ligation Transgastric gastrojejunostomy Transgastric intraperitoneal pressure measurement Transgastric liver b
rug or poison, especially by children Ulcers in the lining of the stomach or small intestine
back the way it usually does. Urinating less often or having dark yellow urine.

e first week of life, especially in babies who are not nursing often enough. Breastfeeding jaundice is different than breast milk ja
t yellow) Jaundice continues to increase after the newborn visit, lasts longer than 2 weeks, or other symptoms develop The fee

ection that may occur in your mouth. It can spread and cause esophageal symptoms like painful swallowing. Gastroesophagea
 loss or paralysis of the arms or legs Speech difficulties Weakness in the arms or legs

monia, recurrent ear infections (otitis media), and skin infections. Less commonly, bone marrow abnormalities lead to a shorta

iamond syndrome.In cases where no SBDS mutation is found, the cause of this disorder is unknown.

a LymphomaAutoimmune causes Felty syndrome (Rheumatoid Arthritis with splenomegaly and neutropenia) Lupus (systemic lu

se complications may be the result of inflammation triggered by the immune system. Some of these problems go away when t
ldren, the symptoms begin to show by age 4.

cavatum), mild to moderate short stature which may not be obvious until the child is 1 - 3 years old, short fingers and toes with

es are affected by X-linked recessive disorders much more frequently than females. Females who carry one altered copy of the

be present Kyphosis (convex curvature of the spine) may be present Lordosis (concave curvature of the spine) may be present N
f cases, the parents do not carry the mutation, and the mutation occurs spontaneously in the child.Individuals who inherit two

ar form of multiple system atrophy

s with short fingers White spots on the colored part of the eye (Brushfield spots)Physical development is often slower than nor
ds offering Down syndrome screening tests to all pregnant women, regardless of age.

y (including delayed attainment of motor and language milestones). Approximately, 20% of boy with Fragile X syndrome develo
y. You can have Fragile X syndrome even if your parents do not have it.

is may be the only sign of the disease. A specific genetic test called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to diagnose this dis

y live into adulthood.

ounselors provide information and support to families who have members with birth defects or genetic disorders, and to famili

n centimeters or inches and compared with: Past measurments of a child's head circumference Normal ranges for a child's sex

or is due to a build up of phenylalanine substances in the body.

o exists and appears in infancy or childhood. This type tends to be very serious and progresses rapidly, resulting in end-stage ki
 singly severe respiratory infections Nasal speech Worsening posture
family history of spinal muscular atrophy is a risk factor for all types of the disorder.

Children with this severe infantile form of Tay-Sachs disease usually live only into early childhood.Other forms of Tay-Sachs dise
of Quebec, the Old Order Amish community in Pennsylvania, and the Cajun population of Louisiana.

nts or conversations Difficulty performing more than one task at a time Difficulty solving problems Taking longer than normal to
m a parent. We know that these gene mutations cause Alzheimer’s in these “early-onset” familial cases. Not all early-onset cas

me so common, the newest category is “Super Centenarians,” those 110+ years old.The most definitive research on centenaria

s) that detect sound in the ear are injured, diseased, do not work correctly, or have died. This type of hearing loss often cannot

ace: This appearance is cause by loss of movement in the muscles in the face. Patients with Parkinson's disease may feel it diffi

The colposcope does not touch you.If any areas look abnormal, a small sample of the tissue will be removed (biopsy) using sma
ack after treatment.
nt or could be pregnant.
ow, regular breathing will help you relax and relieve pain. Ask your doctor or nurse about bringing a support person with you if

ider may suggest that you have a more extensive biopsy.

na. The most advanced-grade 3-cystocele occurs when the bladder bulges out through the opening of the vagina.
e removed. A specialist called a pathologist examines the sample under a microscope.

ea and vomiting Sense of pelvic heaviness Swollen abdomen or belly Unexplained back pain that worsens over time Vaginal ble

est that fertility drugs do not increase the risk for ovarian cancer.Older women are at highest risk for developing ovarian cancer

symptoms start suddenly, there may be a tumor that releases male hormones.The following other causes of unwanted hair gro

t.Girls and women ages 13 - 26:Those who have not received the HPV vaccine in the past should get a series of three vaccines.

t.Girls and women ages 13 - 26:Those who have not received the HPV vaccine in the past should get a series of three vaccines.

er the belly (abdomen) or vagina.Your doctor will help you decide which type of hysterectomy is best for you. The specific proc
which causes heavy, painful periodsHysterectomy is a major surgery. It is possible that your condition may be treated without

a common cause of breast pain. Fibrocystic breast tissue contains lumps that tend to be more tender just before your menstrua

she is pregnant.Among those women who know they are pregnant, the miscarriage rate is about 15-20%. Most miscarriages oc

e tests within the past 10 years. If you have a new sexual partner after age 65, you should begin having Pap smear screening ag
 in life.Benign tumors of the vagina are uncommon and are usually made up of cysts.

quamative vaginitis and lichen planus Forgotten tampon or foreign body Gonorrhea Other infections and sexually transmitted d
ek despite home care measures. You have blisters or other lesions on your vagina or vulva (exterior genitalia). You have burning

countries, or some random order. ==New section== ===Subsection=== ====Sub-subsection==== A single newline generally has

itis obliterans organizing pneumonia, is a completely different disease.

oses and treating medical conditions, reducing the variability in treatment, and to improve the overall quality of patient care. W

he reference right after the material you want to add a reference to. You use a software program to add in the references. The n
ultiple times will show up as multiple references instead of just the one.

or sweat while feeding and may not gain as much weight as they should.Fainting (syncope) and chest pain may occur.Other sym
the body can make the skin look blue (cyanosis)Many of these heart defects involve the heart valves. Heart valves are found be

ysician assistants to contribute their knowledge and clinical experience. This project aims at improving the quality of making dia

he reference right after the material you want to add a reference to. You use a software program to add in the references. The n
ultiple times will show up as multiple references instead of just the one.

o create a microchapter template, and then simply copying and pasting the information you are re-organizing into the standard
top of the edit box has two blank boxes, the top one with binocular icons next to it, and the bottom one with red arrows next t
 tually make by typing into the edit box {{jaundice}}. This leads to ease of navigation, as regardless of which microchapter page
o include the microchapter navigation template {{jaundice}} on each microchapter page.

WikiDoc <br />Contact:<br /> Email: mailto:haisumbajwa@live.com insertyournamehere@whateverserver.com<br /> ==Curre

B, enter the following redirecting command at the top of redirecting page.For example, to redirect the Holosystolic Murmur pa

aintain an identity. You will have your own user page where you can write a bit about yourself, and a user talk page which you

k Pericarditis|here'''In order to promote consistency, the following topics are generally covered on each patient information pa

e contents from the old page must be copied manually. Then the old page STElevation Myocardial Infarction must be edited and
he reference right after the material you want to add a reference to. You use a software program to add in the references. The n
ultiple times will show up as multiple references instead of just the one.

ssion, these images are often larger in size than corresponding raster images.
mple of a complete, exhaustive list of synonyms and keywords is for Premature Ventricular Complex:Synonyms and keywords:
results matching this query". Click where it says "create the page Alport syndrome on this Wiki!", which will take you directly to

states. The'Discussion' tab allows the community of users to discuss rapidly evolving issues so that a consensus can be reached
medical textbook/encyclopedia like I was by an outdated encyclopedia, it will have been worth the effort.Please read "The Wor

sual or after menopause)Skin color changes that occur several days after an injury (skin may black, blue, purple, yellowish green

T cells) Monocytes Eosinophils BasophilsA computer or the health care provider counts the number of each type of cell. The tes

ction Widespread bacterial infection Radiation therapy or exposureAn increased percentage of lymphocytes may be due to:Chr

wollen lymph nodes that usually don't hurt (especially lymph nodes in the neck or armpit) Fever or night sweat Frequent infecti

ggest multiple myeloma seems to run in some families. But most patients have no other relatives with the disease. Life-style: A

ncet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a sl
it is used to determine whether a person might have a reaction to a blood transfusion.
etalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn). Infectious mononucleosis. Mycoplasmal infection. Syphilis. Systemic lupus erythema
cet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a sli

very 10,000 people. In children with SLE, about half will have some form or degree of kidney involvement.More than half of pa

phritis: Young age onset carries worse prognosis. Male gender have poorer outcomes than female. Black race have worse outco

immunization. It gives you immediate, but temporary, protection while your body develops an active immune response agains

anism that normally prevents backward flow of urine is not working properly. VUR is most commonly diagnosed during childho

lacenta abruptio Placenta previa Urinary tract obstruction

the actual coma develops. In some cases, coma may happen so quickly that patients or their families don't have time to notice.

but the body's sodium content stays the same Hypervolemic hyponatremia -- both sodium and water content in the body incre
such as salicylates Prolonged lack of oxygen from shock, heart failure, or severe anemia SeizuresOther causes of metabolic acid

en from shock, heart failure, or severe anemia SeizuresOther causes of acidosis include:Poisoning by aspirin, ethylene glycol (fo

n. This is a mild stable situation because the kidneys have had enough time to compensate and restore the body's acid-base bal

e Skin color changes Swelling Tingling Tissue damage Thirst Tiredness Weakness Weak pulseCottonmouth and copperhead bite

d to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
nia, restless leg syndrome, or obstructive sleep apnea Swelling of the feet and hands (edema) Vomiting, especially in the morni
heir bodies turn over water and electrolytes more quickly. The elderly and people with illnesses are also at higher risk.
ll your health care provider if:You or your child cannot keep down fluids during an illness Vomiting has been going on for longe

y include:Muscle pain Muscle weakness or paralysis Numbness or tingling Pain in the arms or legs Pain in the back Personality c

bnormalities in the bones of the face

hat runs from your hip to the outside of your knee Infection in the joint Knee injuries -- an anterior cruciate ligament injury or m

e Urology. They are involved in renal diseases that might be amenable to surgery:Diseases of the Bladder and prostate such as

e in OTC preparations.

risk.ChemotherapyThe chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) may increase the risk of bladder cancer.Radiation trea

nths.Permanent access is created by surgically joining an artery to a vein, usually in the arm. This vein becomes thickened over

s usually done using one of two schedules:Shorter (2 - 3 hours) treatments done at least 5 - 7 days per week Longer nightly tre
he thrill disappears, call your health care provider immediately.Do not miss or skip any dialysis sessions.Observe the access site

or cocaine use Poor communication with your partner Repeated feelings of doubt and failure or negative communication that r

problems are related to fear of recurring heart problems. Sexual intercourse is usually safe in these circumstances.Call your doc
der is triggered by a viral respiratory infection or by breathing in hydrocarbon solvents. In such cases, the immune system may

der is triggered by a viral respiratory infection or by breathing in hydrocarbon solvents. In such cases, the immune system may

mild conjunctivitis to severe swelling of the eye. Other symptoms include:Chest pain Cough, with or without blood Joint pain Sh

ary flow -- the problem may be related to your prostate

flux (small pore) membranes, and the benefit found may have been due more to the use of a high-flux membrane than to the a

This can include:Alcoholic neuropathy Diabetic neuropathy Nerve damage due to pelvic surgery Nerve damage from a herniate

den uropathy that affects both kidneysCommon causes of obstructive uropathy include the following:Urinary tract stones Urete
ves do not work well. Children may be born with this problem or may have other birth defects of the urinary system that cause

ay have a severe and dangerous form of high blood pressure called malignant hypertension.
enal (kidney) artery.Risk factors for atherosclerosis include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, heavy alco

n cause frequent urination at nighttime. Frequent urination may also simply just be a habit.Home Care Follow the therapy reco

oss may be for words and thoughts only, or for motor memory (the body can no longer perform specific actions). Memory loss

oss may be for words and thoughts only, or for motor memory (the body can no longer perform specific actions). Memory loss

oon after birth (cerebral palsy) Stroke Very low blood pressureBrain cells are extremely sensitive to a lack of oxygen. Some brai

ath or brain death, and the lower the chances of recovery.

ling under or around the eye (may affect both eyes) Excessive tearing Red eye Rhinorrhea (runny nose) or one-sided stuffy nose
ght (including sunlight) Exertion Heat (hot weather, hot baths) Foods high in nitrites (such as bacon and preserved meats) Certa

ted vomitingUnequal pupilsUnusual eye movementsWalking problemsHead injuries that result in concussion often are associat

ngSeizuresVomiting more than three times

gs) that detect sound in the ear are injured, diseased, do not work correctly, or have died. This type of hearing loss often canno
 sorders is present, you will usually have additional symptoms like chest pain, a feeling of a racing heart, loss of speech, change

making any changes to your medication. You have any hearing loss.

ay be caused by diseases that affect nerves and muscles (neuromuscular diseases):Cerebral palsyMultiple sclerosisMuscular dys

nclude:Difficulty determining the meaning (idea content) of a simple sentenceDifficulty learning to recognize written wordsDiffi
runs in families.

to the coming ambulancemen.

sts much longer, is often very uncomfortable, and can also cause your eyelids to close completely.

or environmental chages may be the auras for other headaches. A pain that begins in the back of the head and upper neck, as a

test can demonstrate the electrical activity in the brain and be helpful for the diagnosis.

nce)Eye symptoms:Double vision Eye discomfort Uncontrollable eye movements Vision loss (usually affects one eye at a time)N
a part of the world where MS is more common.

t is affected by each attackMost people return to normal or near-normal function between attacks. Slowly, there is a greater lo

disturb sleep. Symptoms can make it difficult to sit during air or car travel, or through classes or meetings.Note: Symptoms may
ought processes.

eimer's disease or dementia in people with Parkinson's disease. Continue to take rivastigmine even if you feel well. Do not stop
(Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn); bethanechol (Duvoid, Urabeth, Urecholine); ipratropium (Atrovent); and med

e of back pain has lasted longer than 4 weeksIf any of these symptoms are present, your doctor will carefully check for any sign

wever, other causes of bleeding behind the eye and they should be ruled out before diagnosing shaken baby syndrome. Other
. The result is a type of whiplash, similar to what occurs in some auto accidents.Shaken baby syndrome does not result from ge

n one or both sides of the body. Symptoms can include:Breathing difficulties (from paralysis of the breathing muscles, if the inj
roken vertebrae, which are the spine bones) or fragments of metal (such as from a traffic accident or gunshot) can cut or dama

bowel care frequently takes one hour or more on a daily basis.A majority of people with spinal cord injury must perform bladd

o seizures. Others have intellectual disabilities or difficult-to-control seizures.

n a straight line. The hair cells of the otolithic organs are blanketed with a jelly-like layer studded with tiny calcium stones called
ession, and decreased concentration. The symptoms may appear and disappear over short time periods or may last for a longer
mfort. Balance disorders can be due to problems in any of four areas:Peripheral vestibular disorder, a disturbance in the labyrint
ertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus (a ringing or roaring in the ears), and the sensation of fullness in the ear. The cause of M
obtain a detailed medical history and perform a physical examination to start to sort out possible causes of the balance disorde
ular retraining programs are administered by professionals with knowledge and understanding of the vestibular system and its

eans they are not cancer While the cells of the desmoid tumor do not travel to parts the body like cancer can, they can invade

moid tumor s in the past, but this may be changing Because the tumor often returns to the same location after surgery, doctors

ch will help people with desmoid tumor s

nto account newer treatments being developed Most desmoid tumor s don’t change how long you will live, but they are very d
k factor for some types of head and neck cancers, particularly oropharyngeal cancers that involve the tonsils or the base of the
Pharynx. Trouble breathing or speaking; pain when swallowing; pain in the neck or the throat that does not go away; frequent

tates and Canada, including the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD. For information about other ways to search the list, see He
and other imaging procedures, and laboratory tests. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan treatment.

moved, the shoulder and neck may become weak and stiff.Patients who receive radiation to the head and neck may experience
s Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) for information about clinical trials for individuals with head

s of therapy are to extend and improve quality of life.

e obvious in the abdominal region. Jaundice and itching: This is caused by hepatocellular necrosis and obstruction of bile in the

sfunction of the liver or synthetic blood coagulation factors and esophagogastric fundus vein rupture. An abundant amount of b

ording to the American Cancer Society, an estimated 3,000 nonsmoking adults will die each year from lung cancer related to bre
who work in mines may be exposed to radon. In some parts of the country, radon is found in houses. Radon damages lung cells,

astinum and are usually cancerous (malignant) lymphomas or thymomas. These tumors are most common in people ages 30 -
 e an injury.

s of therapy are to extend and improve quality of life.

herapy drug cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) may increase the risk of bladder cancer. Radiation treatment: Women who had radia

cancers is fairly good. Although the risk of the cancer returning is high, most bladder cancers that return can be surgically remo

ing symptoms are called flares.

sts much longer, is often very uncomfortable, and can also cause your eyelids to close completely.

metimes amblyopia is present first, and it causes strabismus.In most children with strabismus, the cause is unknown. In more th
 ? Does anything make your dry eyes better? Have you tried artificial tears? Do they help? Are you taking any medications? Wh

ew onset of floaters was surprisingly high (14%; 95% confidence interval, 12%-16%) as reported in a meta-analysis published as
de) vision loss, could indicate a retinal detachment. If left untreated, a retinal detachment can lead to permanent visual impairm

ausing further vision problems.

ote the position of the power drum.Continue rotating the power drum until the second meridian comes into sharp, contiguous

th severe myopia develop a form of retinal degeneration.

vitis is often associated with an infection of the upper respiratory tract, a common cold, and/or a sore throat. Its symptoms inc
e infected person’s fingers or hands which may contain the virus or bacteria.Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth
 two.Eye infections or inflammation can occur, causing redness as well as possibly itching, discharge, pain, or vision problems.Bl

metimes amblyopia is present first, and it causes strabismus.In most children with strabismus, the cause is unknown. In more th

mach contents (nasogastric tube) in place.The breath may have an ammonia-like odor (also described as urine-like or "fishy") in
resented in order of likelihood -- some are extremely unlikely):Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Acute necrotizing ulcerativ

us infection, tooth abscess, or other illness? What other symptoms do you have?The physical examination will include a thorou
culty breathing following birth, which may result in cyanosis (bluish discoloration), unless infant is crying Inability to nurse and

inutes after eating (the time when most bacterial activity occurs). If this plaque is not removed thoroughly and routinely, tooth

in the mouth that make saliva (salivary glands), and other methods.

r monitor, such as EarCheck, to detect this fluid at home. The device is available at pharmacies, but you still need to see your d
produced during teething Infected or overgrown adenoids Tobacco smoke or other irritantsEar infections are also more likely if

ot go away.
om high altitudes and other causes) Object stuck in the ear or severely impacted ear wax Ruptured or perforated eardrum Sinu

produce cause the gums to become infected, swollen, and tender.Injury to the gums from any cause, including overly vigorous

produce cause the gums to become infected, swollen, and tender.Injury to the gums from any cause, including overly vigorous

sually possible to treat conductive hearing loss with medication or surgery.Causes of conductive hearing loss in infants include:

apparent trouble. However, some professionals believe an impacted tooth pushes on the next tooth, which pushes the next too

splant. It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, but is not harmful by itself. The most common symptoms of hairy leukoplakia are

ne changes (such as menstruation) Stress Sun exposureCanker sores are NOT contagious. They can appear as a single pale or ye

caine or xylocaine may be used to relieve pain (but should be avoided in children). An antifungal medication may be prescribed
irin ?Diagnostic tests that may be done include:Complete blood count Nasal endoscopy (examination of the nose using a came

om high altitudes and other causes) Object stuck in the ear or severely impacted ear wax Ruptured or perforated eardrum Sinu

toms such as itching, scaling, a red or moist ear canal, and pain that increases when you move the earlobe

e mouth. There are also thousands of minor salivary glands around the rest of the mouth.All of the salivary glands empty saliva

ema or psoriasis

spread and destroy tissue.

hortage of the IRF6 protein affects the development and maturation of tissues in the face, resulting in the signs and symptoms

mary enuresis. This usually occurs when the body makes more urine overnight than the bladder can hold and the child does no

s or ankles (signs of twisting or tying up)' Human bite marks Lash marks Unexplained unconsciousness in an infant
cohol and drug abuse Family troubles PovertyAbusers often have a history of physical or sexual abuse themselves.A small grou

not needed.Testicles that do not descend by the time the child is 1 year old should be evaluated. Studies suggest that surgery s

similar to those of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, including:Lyme disease rheumatic fever bone infections (osteomyelitis) Sarcoid

estioning (may or may not ask questions) Anger Crying Whining Inability to control emotions Aggressive behavior Stubborn beh
ges can have enormous impacts on a child's feelings of safety and security.Pain, injury, and illness are major stressors for childr

nt and reward instead of punishment. Allow the child opportunities to make choices and have some control in his or her life. T
usion Seeing or feeling things that aren't there (hallucinations) Fever Seizures

roblems with falling or staying asleep and nightmares

powerful.
hol.In the past, people underestimated the how addictive cocaine can be. However, cocaine is addictive when addiction is defin

ularly among those with the most seriously addicted.

ch also occurs in other Eastern cultures as jiryan and shen-k'uei, as well as in Western cultures.

nt of illicit drug use may first see their parents using drugs. This may put them at a higher risk for developing an addiction later i

cide which of these will be more useful for the subject. (A useful way of constructing such a hierarchy is the Method of Factors
ctivity, cold or damp weather, anxiety, and stress.Fatigue, depressed mood, and sleep problems are seen in almost all patients

end of the person's suffering might even have come as a relief. If the death was accidental or violent, coming to a stage of acce
e side effects varies from person to person, as well as with the amount of marijuana used.Marijuana is often cut with hallucinog

vent when they wake up the next day.Children with night terrors may also sleep walk.In contrast, nightmares are more commo

ed or reduced.Some people even withdraw from opiates after being given such drugs for pain while in the hospital without real

n they wake up Having blank look on face Opening eyes during sleep Not remembering the sleep walking episode when they w
with:Alcohol, sedatives, or other medication Medical conditions, such as partial complex seizures Mental disordersIn the elder

g memory will disproportionately disadvantage individuals with ADD". "language problems often co-occur with ADD, and it is su
also cause problems with falling or staying asleep and nightmares
e feelings happen often, a person may have an anxiety disorder. Other problems where stress may be present are:Obsessive-co

o hurt themselves Talking about feeling hopeless or guilty Changing sleep or eating habits
e on drugs or alcohol Emotional trauma Serious physical illness Unemployment or money problemsMost suicide attempts do n

Seizures Stroke secondary to cocaine Suspected sexual assault UnconsciousnessIf the test is used as a drug screen, it must be

h the failure of other organ systems, such as the liver or the kidneys. Cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol use may be risk facto

r asbestos-related diseases include:Pleural plaques (calcification) Malignant mesothelioma -- can develop 20-40 years after exp
 pneumonia.

h Legionella pneumonia. Headache. Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue. Muscle aches and joint stiffness. Sweating and cl

)The following things can make bronchitis worse:Air pollution Allergies Certain occupations (such as coal mining, textile manufa

tape keep the tube in place. After every chest tube insertion, a chest x-ray is done to make sure it is in the right place.The ches

icotine per cigarette8. When tobacco is smoked, nicotine rapidly reaches peak levels in the bloodstream and enters the brain.
ward pathways—the brain circuitry that regulates feelings of pleasure. A key brain chemical involved in mediating the desire to
a noncancerous diagnosis. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancerous (malignant) pulmonary nodules.

lower legs Rash Scars that become raised or inflamedNervous system symptoms may include:Headache Seizures Weakness on

tion when the local anesthetic is injected. You may feel pain or pressure when the needle is inserted into the pleural space.Tell

jury or accident. But before that injury or accident, the structures in your back were losing strength or changing.Acute low back

different and feels worse. This episode of back pain has lasted longer than 4 weeks.

n or overuse, including strains or sprain.

Piriformis syndrome (a pain disorder involving a narrow muscle in the buttocks) Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) S
es of ligament insertion (eg, heel pain) Fatigue When heart is affected, patient may show signs of chest pain, shortness of breath

younger age, the prognosis seems poor.

he day of the surgery, most times you will be asked not to drink or eat anything for 8 to 12 hours before your surgery.Take you
eep your joints from becoming stiff Control swelling in the area around your amputation Properly put weight on your leg. You'l
lower right area of the abdomen. The newer method, called laparoscopic surgery, uses several smaller incisions and special sur

f the body, can help diagnose appendicitis and other sources of abdominal pain. Ultrasound is sometimes used to look for signs
vice often applies in the case of a ruptured appendix, but over a longer time period. Be sure to call your doctor immediately if y
ace with pins, plates, or screws. Stitches are used to close the wound.A splint or cast is usually used to prevent injury or movem

ude: prior history of breast ca, family history in 1st degree relative (particularly if at a young age), increasing patient age and fea
dye into your common bile duct. This duct will be left inside you after your gallbladder has been removed. The dye helps locate

"clean out" your colon or intestines. Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery.On the day o

urgery are:Open repair. Your surgeon will make an incision (cut) in your belly area (abdomen). Sometimes the surgeon will plac
phagus. You have reflux disease and aspiration pneumonia (a lung infection caused by inhaling contents of the stomach into th

n (Coumadin), and any other drugs or supplements that affect blood clotting several days to a week before surgery. Ask your do

regnant woman develops varicose veins.

ening reaction. Allergens that touch the skin can cause a skin rash, hives, itching, blisters, or even skin peeling. Drug allergies u
nces.Some people have allergy-like reactions to hot or cold temperatures, sunlight, or other environmental triggers.Sometimes

the immune system response that occurs with "true" anaphylaxis. However, the symptoms, risk for complications, and treatme

er illnesses (including autoimmune disorders such as lupus, and leukemia and lymphoma). A form of angioedema runs in famili

) Gets worse when breathing in cold air Gets worse with exercise Gets worse with heartburn (reflux) Usually begins suddenlyBl

not well understood.Most drug allergies cause minor skin rashes and hives. Serum sickness is a delayed type of drug allergy th

y lips, tongue, and throat. Swollen lips (sometimes).

ts. Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster). Soy. Tree nuts. Wheat.A food allergy frequently starts in childhood, but it can begin at any a

of pollen in the air can play a role in whether hay fever symptoms develop. Hot, dry, windy days are more likely to have increas

mes and offices. Exposure to certain chemicals, such as isocyanates or acid anhydrides, can also lead to hypersensitivity pneum

ecting a small amount of allergen into the skin and watching for a reaction at the site. This is called an intradermal skin test. It i

r autoimmune diseases, and leukemia Infections such as mononucleosis

 mbination with codeine (also by prescription).Acupuncture dates back 2,500 years and involves the application of needles to p

ude:Pain in the abdomen Stroke symptoms Swallowing difficulties from pressure on the esophagus
also cause abnormal widening or ballooning of the aorta (aneurysm).

ften linked to the formation and rupture of splenic artery aneurysms.

uld tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
nary heart disease. People who smoke seem to have a higher risk of death from coronary heart diseases (and possibly stroke) b

uld tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
nary heart disease. People who smoke seem to have a higher risk of death from coronary heart diseases (and possibly stroke) b

in in the abdomen Stroke symptoms Swallowing difficulties from pressure on the esophagus
bnormal widening or ballooning of the aorta (aneurysm).

ems Endocarditis High blood pressure Marfan syndrome Reiter syndrome Syphilis Systemic lupus erythematosus
vere cases) Extremely tired Sweaty Pale skin Fast breathing They may also be smaller than other children their ageChildren wit
n life (acquired). Children with aortic stenosis may have other congenital conditions. Radiation treatment to the chest, and som

first 1-2 days after surgery. These include an irregular heart rhythm and blood clots in the legs. There is also a chance that the n
prophylaxis before dental procedures but generally no other special precautions are required other than regular follow up wit
ome patients will be unable to sleep flat in bed or may awaken from sleep short of breath. Another sign of heart failure that m

or biological valves that can be used to replace an abnormal valve. They all share a reduced risk of blood clots forming but all ar
ate, resulting in episodes of low blood pressure or hypotension or even syncope. As the heart fails to compensate, fluid will bu

uts (about 1/2 to 3/4 inches) in your chest. The surgeon uses a special computer to control robotic arms during the surgery. Th
neous valvuloplasty are not long-lasting.

ugs.Prepare your house for when you get home from the hospital.The day before your surgery. Shower and shampoo well. You
temperature, and breathing). You will have daily blood tests and EKGs to test your heart function until you are well enough to
are two main types of new valves:Mechanical: Made of man-made materials, such as titanium or ceramic. These valves last the

ugs.During the days before your surgery:Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery. If you sm
trol pain around your surgical cut.Your nurse will help you slowly resume some activity. You may begin a program to make your

ormal pattern. The impulses are sent to the ventricles in an irregular pattern. This makes the ventricles beat abnormally, leadin

pirin or clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, or another blood thinner to help keep your blood from clotting. See

king)Coronary artery disease Heart attack or heart bypass surgery Heart failure or an enlarged heart Heart valve disease (most

ht loss Joint pain Swelling - any part of the bodyThese general symptoms may also mimic those of infective endocarditis.
ave an increased risk in having a baby with a heart defect. Drug and alcohol use during pregnancy can harm fetal development.

y distress Heart failure (signs include: wheezing, swelling of the legs, ankles, and feet, excessive sweating, sudden gaining of eig

ficial materials.Often, adults may not need any additional surgery. Women anticipating childbearing must have an atrioventricu

adult. However, because doctors may not consider beriberi in nonalcoholics, this diagnosis is often missed.Beriberi can occur in

he valve (aortic stenosis). The aorta may become enlarged with this condition.This condition is more common among males tha

ined that SUNDS and Brugada syndrome are the same disorder.
Brugada syndrome is often unknown. In some cases, certain drugs may cause a nongenetic (acquired) form of the disorder. Dru

ardiac amyloidosis may affect the way electrical impulses move through the heart (electrical conduction system). This can lead

hways through the heartSome common causes of abnormal heartbeats are:Abnormal levels of potassium or other substancesH

the chef will make you a fruit or vegetable platter. Most chefs are happy to do so.
ht loss Joint pain Swelling - any part of the bodyThese general symptoms may also mimic those of infective endocarditis.

e of the wall (septum) between the left and right ventricles (lower heart chambers) Very slow heart rhythm (bradycardia) or pro

mes the heart muscle Diabetes or other metabolic diseases, or severe obesity Diseases that can damage the heart, such as hem

instructions for making proteins that help maintain a regular heartbeat. For the heart to beat normally, heart muscle cells calle

part of the brain it is pushing on, but may include:Double vision Loss of vision Headaches Eye pain Neck pain Stiff neckA sudden
sclerosis, trauma, and infection, which can injure the blood vessel wall, can cause cerebral aneurysms.

k pain can be similar to the pain of unstable angina, but more severe. Aortic dissection causes sudden, severe pain in the chest
are overweight, or you have high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes.Call your doctor if:You have a fever or a cough th
Sweaty Feeling Lightheaded Unexplained tiredness after activity You may also have indigestion or be sick to your stomach A se

out metabolic syndrome.

 heart diseases occurs as an isolated defect and is not associated with other diseases. However, they can also be a part of vario

or cardiac asthmaOther health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of t
ack up in other areas of the body. Fluid builds up in the lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and the arms and legs. This is called co

r pregnancy may spontaneously recover itself over time. Heart failure can be caused by treatable conditions such as hyperthyr

ystic fibrosis Interstitial lung disease Kyphoscoliosis Obstructive sleep apnea Pneumoconiosis Primary pulmonary hypertension

decide whether you're a candidate for CABG based on a number of factors, including:The presence and severity of CHD sympto

esthesia temporarily puts you to sleep. During the surgery, the anesthesiologist checks your heartbeat, blood pressure, oxygen
ple. These changes are more likely to occur in people who are older, who have high blood pressure or lung disease, or who drin
ngs on your legs as well. These stockings are tight at the ankle and become looser as they go up the leg. This creates gentle pre
est pain, such as:Fatigue Shortness of breath Weakness

sible to reduce your risk of CHD.Metabolic syndrome refers to high triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, excess body fat arou
d that CABG is more effective in prevention of late spontaneous MI when compared to PCI. ACA 2021 revascularization guidel
ube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.The blood is sen

mend only screening children with risk factors, such as a family history of high cholesterol or early heart disease (a history of h

tions:Blood that is more likely to clot (hypercoagulability) Cancer Taking estrogens or birth control pills. This risk is even higher

t filter the air going into their nose and air passages. This condition is called Kartagener syndrome. In the more common types

nts, such as lead, arsenic, or mercuryThis condition can affect anyone at any age. However, it is most common in adult men.
Pneumonia Pulmonary hypertensionProblems with the airways leading to the lungs: Choking on something stuck in the airways

fect, blood may go the wrong way back into the right atrium, when it should be flowing to the right ventricle. When the blood

e lungs to pick up oxygen. Instead, the blood goes from the right side to the left side of the heart, allowing oxygen-poor blood t

measurement for the voltage. If this is not the set at 10 mm, there is something wrong with the machine setting. further we hav

dren with congenital heart conditions. As a result, it is common practice for children with some forms of congenital heart diseas

d be $2,884 - $1,761 per year or $1,123 per year.

71-year old atrial fibrillation patient is cut in half to 6.75 years. Using this number will yield a conservative estimate of cost effe

ot statistically significantly) fewer major bleeds (3.4% vs 3.1% per year). The cost of a major bleed is estimated to be $8000 (per

While estimates of what governments are willing to pay for are generally about $50,000 per year of life saved, hemodialysis cos
al endocarditis (infection of the heart muscle or valves), parasitic infections, AIDS, tuberculosis, and mononucleosis Kidney dise

of infection. They include:Vaginal discharge Burning and pain while urinating Increased urination Sore throat Painful sexual inte
ed. More than 700,000 persons in the United States get gonorrhea every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and

w, or stomach. Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lightheadedness, sweatingNot all heart attacks begin with a sudden, crushing pain t
k factors tend to occur together. When they do, it’s called metabolic syndrome. In general, a person with metabolic syndrome

art's structure that are present at birth. Often, doctors don't know what causes these defects.Many factors can cause acquired
ngenital heart defect may be more likely than other people to have a child with the condition.Acquired heart block can occur in

perly. Let all of your doctors, dentists, and medical technicians know that you have a pacemaker. You also should notify airport

ch later in life.In older children or adults causes of abnormal heart murmurs include infections or conditions that damage the st

family support and do not follow their treatment Have other diseases that affect the blood vessels of the neck and leg Have pu

ress the body's immune response. Taking medicines and following your doctor's instructions carefully is very important to prev

more moderate. Complete recovery can take weeks or months.

syndrome is the most severe type. It is categorized as MPS I H.The other subtypes of MPS I are:MPS I H-S (Hurler-Scheie syndro

also be caused by:Being overweight or obese. (See: Metabolic syndrome) Certain medications, including birth control pills, estr

esistance due to obesity and has high blood pressure, sugar,cholesterol and increased waist circumference.Secondary hyperten
vised to avoid strenuous exercise.

ation Eating disorders (such as bulimia) Eating large amounts of licorice or using products such as herbal teas and chewing toba

on, the left side of the heart is unable to send enough blood to the body. As a result, the right side of the heart must maintain

If this type of hypotension occurs after eating, it is called postprandial orthostatic hypotension. This form most commonly affec

ers that you have an ICD. Some medical equipment may harm your ICD. Because MRI machines have powerful magnets, talk to

ition to the angiographic interpretation, clinical assessment is very important. Chest discomfort, arrhythmia, ischemic ECG cha
part of the brain it is pushing on, but may include:Double vision Loss of vision Headaches Eye pain Neck pain Stiff neckA sudde
sclerosis, trauma, and infection, which can injure the blood vessel wall, can cause cerebral aneurysms.

and feet (especially around the nails, palms, and soles) Swollen lymph nodes (frequently only one lymph node is swollen), parti

o be caused by:Being overweight or obese. See: Metabolic syndrome Certain medications, including birth control pills, estrogen
lting in a target or bullseye appearance. EM may appear on any area of the body but is usually present on areas including the a
re, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia,

syndrome often have two other problems that can either cause the condition or make it worse:Excess blood clotting Low levels

valve (infective endocarditis). These conditions may rupture the valve or surrounding structures, leaving an opening for blood

and treated as early as possible. Among infants and children, symptoms may be present from birth (congenital), and almost al
sis may run in families.

se seem to be passed down through families (inherited). Mitral valve prolapse has been associated with Graves disease.Mitral
½ to ¾ inch) in your chest. The surgeon uses a special computer to control robotic arms during the surgery. The surgeon sees
art function. Your heart valve has been damaged by infection (endocarditis).A minimally invasive procedure has many benefits.

ugs.Prepare your house for when you get home from the hospital.The day before your surgery, shower and shampoo well. You
st.Your nurse will help you slowly resume some activity. You may begin a program to make your heart and body stronger.A tem
a ring of metal, cloth, or tissue around the valve. Valve repair -- The surgeon trims, shapes, or rebuilds one or more of the three
ame time as you are having open-heart surgery for another reason. Your heart valve has been damaged by endocarditis (infecti

ke these drugs.Prepare your house for when you get home from the hospital.The day before your surgery, shower and shampo
trol pain around your surgical cut.Your nurse will help you slowly resume some activity. You will be asked to begin a physical th

re.Other causes of myocarditis may include:Allergic reactions to certain medications or toxins (alcohol, cocaine, certain chemot
ard to stay active: Many people do not have time to plan and make healthy meals. More people today work desk jobs compare

Slot machines. Stereo speakers.Tell all health care providers that you have a pacemaker before any tests are done. Some medic

r example, a low potassium level)

gh blood pressure and swelling.Swollen legs may be a sign of heart failure, kidney failure, or liver failure. In these conditions, th

us coronary intervention also is used as an emergency procedure during a heart attack. As plaque builds up in the coronary art
atheter is pushed over the guide wire and into the blockage. The balloon on the end is blown up (inflated). This opens the bloc

s than 1 percent of people).Sometimes chest pain can occur during percutaneous coronary intervention because the balloon b
nd drinking by midnight the night before the procedure. What medicines you should and shouldn't take on the day of the percu
u should follow up with your doctor. What medicines you should take. What you should look for daily when checking for signs o

hydralazine, phenytoin, isoniazid, and some drugs used to treat cancer or suppress the immune system Swelling or inflammati

n that is worse when you raise the leg and improves when you dangle your legs over the side of the bed Skin that looks dark an
tic measure for persistent left superior vena cava. In a catheter room, the doctor threads a thin tube through a blood vessel in

d circulation in the lungs may cause extra fluid to build up in and around them, making it difficult to breathe. The blood vessels

orary loss of vision, sensations of flashing lights, auras, light sensitivity, spots, and blurry vision

are called pulmonary atresia, they are actually different defects.

wed heart valves (mitral or aortic valves), or any disease of the heart that results in weakening or stiffening of the heart muscle

Stroke Surgery (especially orthopedic or neurological surgery) Use of birth control pills or estrogen therapyPeople with certain

toimmune diseases that damage the lungs, such as scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis Certain birth defects of the heart Cert
ause pulmonic stenosis. pulmonic stenosis is not common. It occurs more often in men than in women. As the pulmonic valve b

during the first 1-2 days after surgery.These include an irregular heart rhythm and blood clots in the legs. There is also a chance

drome Heart muscle damage (cardiomyopathy) leading to congestive heart failure Intestinal malabsorptionThe deposits build u

ms may include:Depression Memory difficulties Morning headaches Personality changes Poor concentration Restless and fitful
ng and labored breathing occur. During deep sleep, breathing can stop for a period of time (often more than 10 seconds). This i
r of apnea episodes throughout the night. Diabetes: Diabetes has also been associated with OSA independently from obesity. S

se of certain medications An imbalance of electrolyte or glucose in the body, such as hyponatremia, hypoglycemia
king or understanding speech, sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes ， sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance

Vision changes
e pericarditis Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter) Catheters placed in the large veins of the upper arm and neck may cause
ants.The following increase your risk for PSVT:Alcohol use Caffeine use Illicit drug use Smoking

nd are caused by a rapid drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood. Toddlers or older children may instinctively squat when the
ot show signs of cyanosis. However, later they may develop sudden episodes (called "Tet spells") of bluish skin from crying or fe

t show signs of cyanosis. However, later they may develop sudden episodes (called "Tet spells") of bluish skin from crying or fe

Cardiac tamponade Hemopericardium Myocardium Myocarditis Chagas disease Cardiomyopathy Dilated Alcoholic Hypertroph

doctors don't know what causes these defects.Many factors can cause acquired heart block. Examples include:Damage to the

e damage is usually transitory. Studies have shown that third-degree heart block in the setting of an inferior wall myocardial inf

ge in alertness (sleepiness, less responsive, unconscious, or coma) Personality, mood, or emotional changes Confusion or loss o
od vessel in the brain or leading to the brainFor instance, the temporary disruption in blood flow could be due to a blood clot t

the heart and goes back to the body without ever picking up oxygen in the lungs. Symptoms appear at birth or very soon after
Other infrequent causes of tricuspid regurgitation include:Carcinoid tumors, which release a hormone that damages the valve M

od pressure or significant shortness of breath People with unstable angina are at increased risk of having a heart attack.Corona

oms. If you think you are having a heart attack, seek immediate medical treatment.

emoved from the market after being linked to heart valve disease.An infection in the lining of the heart's walls and valves (the

es down on the windpipe (trachea) and esophagus.Several different types of vascular ring exist. In some types, the vascular ring

s are related to heart attacks and do not result from a birth defect.

rsade de pointes is a form of ventricular tachycardia that is often due to congenital heart disease or the use of certain medicati

aused if a tear (dissection) in an artery wall leads to the release of a clot that blocks blood flow. Dissection can be caused by clo

cin HIV protease inhibitors (such as indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir) the antidepressant nefazodone amiodarone
 cle pain; alterations in some laboratory blood tests; liver problems (sometimes serious); inflammation of the pancreas; nausea;

achycardia that is often due to congenital heart disease or the use of certain medications.

alled paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

nd gradually increase your dose, not more than once every 1 to 2 weeks. If you stop taking doxazosin for a few days or longer,

wering medication, making certain changes in your daily habits can also lower your cholesterol blood levels. You should eat a d

eath. This is because rivaroxaban is a blood thinner medicine that reduces blood clotting. While you take rivaroxaban you are l

escribed rivaroxaban for you before you have any surgery, medical or dental procedure.Tell your doctor about all the medicines
s a day: Take rivaroxaban as soon as you remember on the same day. You may take 2 doses at the same time to make up for th

nue to take valsartan even if you feel well. Do not stop taking valsartan without talking to your doctor.

ven if you feel well. Do not stop taking warfarin without talking to your doctor.Other uses for this medicineThis medication ma
, erythromycin (E.E.S., Eryc, Ery-Tab), nafcillin, norfloxacin (Noroxin), sulfinpyrazone, telithromycin (Ketek), and tigecycline (Tyg

osis or gangrene (death of skin or other body tissues). Call your doctor immediately if you notice a purplish or darkened color to

mitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.

to run in families and can be triggered by:Hormonal changes related to menstrual periods, pregnancy, birth control pills, or str

harp blade. Also, it helps to soften your beard with soap and water before putting on shaving cream. Shave lightly and only wh

ment delays.
 ) to prevent pregnancy. Once in the tissue, it forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw
) to prevent pregnancy. Once in the tissue, it forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw,

) to prevent pregnancy. Once in the tissue, it forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw
) to prevent pregnancy. Once in the tissue, it forms an abscess, producing a hard, red to reddish-purple lump, often on the jaw,

hotophobia

motional stressOther possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:Alopecia areata -- bald patches

you have any other symptoms like itching, flaking, or redness of your scalp? What medications do you take, including over-the
appear as jaundice and dyspepsia. In the brain, large angiomas can actually compress important nerves and may cause feeling

a of past lung disease or lung scarring (such as tuberculosis or lung abscess). Pulmonary aspergillosis - invasive type is a serious

ide of the knees and elbow. It can also appear on the neck, hands, and feet. Rashes may occur anywhere on the body during a
with irritants and chemicals Contact with rough materials, such as wool Dry skin Emotional stress Drying out of the skin from tak

ften also have red or blond hair and light -colored eyes. But even people who tan can get skin cancer. People who live in areas t
 use inflammation in the eye, such as uveitis. Joints: Patients with Behçet's disease may have joint swelling and joint pain when
d from one person to another. Researchers think that two factors are important for a person to get Behçet's disease. First, it is b

n the body, but are most common on the neck and face. They consist of small, closely packed blood vessels.
appearing on 30-50% of newborns. A port-wine stain is a flat hemangioma made of dilated blood capillaries. Port wine stains on

children are sometimes traced to parental abuse.

en, elderly, and anyone with a weakened immune system (for example, HIV) should be seen right away.
ing obese all create conditions that help yeast grow more easily.Vaginal candidiasis is not a sexually transmitted disease. Howe
ment.Some signs and symptoms of cold urticaria include:Hives that are red and itchy. These hives result from exposing the skin

ype of cold urticaria is known as secondary acquired urticaria, which is less common.Inherited traits. In rare cases, individuals c

iods without breathing (apneic episodes) Coma Neonatal jaundice Lethargy Low body temperature (hypothermia) Poor feeding
on cause of herpes infection in newborn babies, but herpes type 1 (oral herpes) can also occur.

appearing 24 - 48 hours after exposure. The skin inflammation varies from mild irritation and redness to open sores, depending

stance touched the skin. The allergic reaction is often delayed, with the rash appearing 24 - 48 hours after exposure. The rash m
clothingFragrances in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, and moisturizersNail polish, hair dyes, and permanent wave solutionsNickel

scratching of the area may cause additional inflammation, and breaks in skin may cause mild infections or bleeding.In general,

people with this infection have meningoencephalitis (swelling and irritation of the brain and spinal cord) when they are diagno
h as combs, unwashed clothing, and shower or pool surfaces. You can also catch ringworm from pets that carry the fungus. Cat

nares and that can extend into the trachea. The pseudomembrane is firm, fleshy, grey, and adherent, and it will bleed after atte

ay be hard to tell if the mole is normal or not. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell t
A person with previous history of melanoma has a higher risk of getting another dysplastic nevus. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP

tick, the American dog tick, and the deer tick, which can also cause Lyme disease.In the United States, HME is found mainly in

pidermolysis bullosa can vary from minor blistering of the skin to a lethal form involving other organs. The condition generally s
n infections.

men: on the penis, scrotum, around the anus, on the thighs or buttocks In both sexes: on the tongue, mouth, eyes, gums, lips,
h the skin of an infected person who has visible sores, blisters, or a rash (an active outbreak), but you can also catch herpes from

enis, scrotum, anal area, or vulva Vaginal bleeding, with or after sexual intercourse
flat and not easy to see without special procedures. Certain types of HPV can lead to precancerous changes in the cervix, cervic

me numerous and quite large, requiring more extensive treatment and follow-up procedures. When to Contact a Medical Prof

motional stressOther possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:Alopecia areata -- bald patches

you have any other symptoms like itching, flaking, or redness of your scalp? What medications do you take, including over-the

you have been put at risk, you should consult your doctor. A blood test can determine if you have hepatitis C. When a person
ass the virus to their babies during pregnancy, or at the time of birth. Breastfeeding is considered safe and only cracked or blee
ents or persons who spent many years on dialysis for kidney failure People who received body piercing or tattoos done with no

to their lives, such as reducing alcohol intake, maintaining a well balanced diet that is low in fat and considering overall health m

her men Receiving many blood transfusionsTransmission is similar to that of HBV:Bloodborne and sexual Percutaneous (injectin
HBV, are at risk of infection with HBV with simultaneous or subsequent infection with HDV.

len glands (lymph nodes) Taste problems Vision problems

r autoimmune diseases, and leukemia Infections such as mononucleosis

50% are linked to HPV. Vaginal cancer: About 65% are linked to HPV. Penile cancer: About 35% are linked to HPV. Anal cancer:

he condition resulting from the cellular abnormalities and how early this is diagnosed, since for instance, a cervical cancer may

hyperhidrosis include:Acromegaly Anxiety conditions Cancer Carcinoid syndrome Certain medications and substances of abuse

ection such as a cold or other virus. It is similar to cellulitis, but it only involves the top layers of the skin. Impetigo is contagiou

enothiazines, or vitamin A
se these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the prob
lso common in young African children.
e likely to get Kaposi's sarcoma than Lesbian.

g Weight lossNote: Children over 5 years old often have only bone involvement.Symptoms in adults may include:Bone pain Che
t common in adults. The inflammation leads to lung stiffening and damage. The cause is unknown. It most often affects those a

hea (children) Fever that lasts for weeks; may come and go in cycles Night sweats Scaly, gray, dark, ashen skin Thinning hair Vom

nd in Mexico and South America. Leishmaniasis has been reported in military personnel returning from the Persian Gulf.

monly have decreased sensation to touch, heat, or pain and do not heal after several weeks to months. Growths on the skin. Th
le with long-term leprosy may lose the use of their hands or feet due to repeated injury resulting from lack of sensation.The di
round the world might face very little risk of contracting leprosy, since evidence shows that 95% of all adults are naturally unab

- reddish-purple (skin) or gray-white (mouth) Possibility of developing blisters or ulcersOther symptoms include:Dry mouth Hai

eathery in texture (lichenification) Darkened (hyperpigmented) or reddened skin Raw areas Scratch marks Scaling

(AIDS). "Lymphadenopathy syndrome" has been used to describe the first symptomatic stage of HIV progression, preceding AID
o get measles, one or two will die from it. Measles can also make a pregnant woman have a miscarriage, give birth prematurely

eads so easily that anyone who is not immunized will probably get it, eventually.

oned "rules" and may be hard to tell if the mole is normal or not. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these sym
person with previous history of melanoma has a higher risk of developing melanoma.Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP): Patients w

destroyed any residual cancer cells not detected by the pathologist.2. Missing epidermal margins. Ideally, the Mohs section sh
mount of oxygen in the blood (such as abnormal heart anatomy and lung diseases including cancer or infection) may cause clubb

mptom.Other symptoms may include:Blindness Convulsions Freckles in the underarm or groin Large, soft tumors called plexifor

s that go away often reappear. All warts can spread from one part of your own body to another. Unsightly or painful warts can

pressure ulcer has become so deep that there is damage to the muscle and bone, and sometimes to tendons and joints.

Drugs causes: Common drugs that cause itching include penicillin and sulfa antibiotics.
alpPsoriasis may affect any or all parts of the skin. There are five main types of psoriasis:Erythrodermic: The skin redness is very
s, and lithium Stress Too little sunlight Too much sunlight (sunburn) Too much alcoholIn general, psoriasis may be severe in peo

joints and along the scalp. Fingernails may be affected. Impetigo -- common in children, this infection is from bacteria that live

s may include:Allergy testing Blood tests Skin biopsy Skin scrapingsDepending on the cause of your rash, treatments may includ

appear on the surface of the tongue. The tongue itself looks like a strawberry because the normal bumps on the tongue look b

fingers, hands, and forearm Small white lumps beneath the skin, sometimes oozing a white substance that looks like toothpas
scratching of the area may cause additional inflammation, and breaks in skin may cause mild infections or bleeding.In general,

en glands (lymph nodes) Taste problems Vision problemsYou may also have pain, muscle weakness, and a rash involving differe

ction, arthritis, and infection of the nervous system.

ts with XP are at higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma because thay cannot repair the damage caused by sunlight.Chemical e

s on the face, trunk, arms and legs, and soles of the feet, but usually not the scalp.

tion. They may also be associated with longtime use of cortisone compounds, diabetes, Cushing disease, and post-pregnancy.

Areas where the worms go through the skin may become red and painful. This infection is uncommon in the United States. M

posure.In severe sunburns, blistering of the skin may occur. Deaths have resulted from acute sun exposure, and significant tem
rays of the sun.
hyperhidrosis include:Acromegaly Anxiety conditions Cancer Carcinoid syndrome Certain medications and substances of abuse

atosus; Discoid skin lesion in patient with SLE Skin: ulcer, necrotic; lupus anticoagulant in thigh Skin: lupus, erythematosus, suba

cations (including ticlopidine, clopidogrel, guinine, and cyclosporine A)

eeling sad or depressed Anxiety Poor self image

arms, or legs Rough growths around or under fingernails or toenails Rough, round, or oval lesions on soles of feet -- flat to sligh
s that go away often reappear. All warts can spread from one part of your own body to another. Unsightly or painful warts can

veloping pneumonia, with:Shortness of breath Chest pain Cough Bloody or watery mucousThis type may cause death even bef
or body fluids of a plague - infected animal.Infectious dropletsWhen a person has plague pneumonia, they may cough droplets

early appearance of pubic and armpit hair, enlarged penis, small testes, well-developed muscles Rapid growth during childhood

-alpha-reductase deficiency, vaginogram may be used to measure vaginal length and show no fistulous connections between th

must be matched to avoid an ABO incompatibility reaction. For example:A patient with type A blood will react against type B o

organ damage. Some specific type of abscesses are:Abdominal abscess Amebic liver abscess Anorectal abscess Bartholin's absce

e Dizziness (vertigo) Facial numbness Weakness or loss of facial muscle movement

int aches thick, coarse, oily skin skin tags enlarged lips, nose, and tongue deepening of the voice due to enlarged sinuses and vo
ulates the pituitary gland to produce GH. Secretion of GH by the pituitary into the bloodstream stimulates the liver to produce a
ated bronchial tubes for as long as a few months may inspire asthmatic conditions in some patients.In addition, if one starts cou
er or night sweat-Frequent infections-Feeling weak or tired- Bleeding and bruising easily (bleeding gums, purplish patches in th

nside the pancreas and start to digest the pancreatic tissue. This process is called autodigestion. It causes swelling, bleeding (he

old sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose near you. You touch your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something con

use of salt loss, a craving for salty foods also is common. Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, is more severe in children than in
ent of the adrenal cortex has been destroyed. As a result, often both glucocorticoid (cortisol) and mineralocorticoid (aldosterto

rably a necklace stating that he or she has the disease, to insure proper emergency treatment. An identification card outlining t

Muscle weakness Vomiting

o women with HIV also can become infected during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding.You cannot get HIV:By working with or

memoryDifficulty paying attention (attention deficit) Impaired ability to concentrate Impaired judgment Light-headedness or fa
t all heavy drinkers. Women may be more susceptible than men. It is not necessary to get drunk for the disease to develop.

people have allergies, because many different conditions are often lumped under the term allergy.

remely rare at these heights. However, above 14,000 feet, a majority of people will experience at least mild symptoms. Some p

ced sensitivity to motion

rly aligned, the brain will receive two different images from the eyes. Perceiving double vision, the brain will not use the image
 cle contractions called fasciculations Muscle weakness that slowly gets worse Commonly involves one part of the body first, su

us later in life if they are not surgically removed.Incomplete androgen insensitivity syndromeAt birth, they may have normal fem

mia, can be inherited Kidney failure Blood loss (for example, from heavy menstrual periods or stomach ulcers) Poor diet Pregna

hey are often unaware of their mistakes. These individuals usually have no body weakness because their brain injury is not nea
ess, such as fever. Canker sores often return.

r sources of abdominal pain, including:Intestinal obstruction Inflammatory bowel disease Pelvic inflammatory disease and othe

e appendicitis responds quickly to appendectomy and occasionally will resolve spontaneously. If appendicitis resolves spontane

s is the most common type. See: OsteoarthritisOther, more common types of arthritis include:Ankylosing spondylitis Gonococca
development of osteoarthritis in that joint. Infection: Many microbial agents can infect joints and potentially cause the develop
help your arthritis.

intestine, the larvae mature into adult roundworms. Adult worms live in the small intestine where they lay eggs that are prese

r rigorous exerciseAtrophic vaginitis may occur in younger women who have had surgery to remove their ovaries.Some women

ntal effort (such as schoolwork) Often loses toys, assignments, pencils, books, or tools needed for tasks or activities Is easily dis
with ADHD also have at least one other developmental or behavioral problem. They may also have a psychiatric problem, such

vements Show unusual attachments to objectsThe symptoms may vary from moderate to severe.Communication problems ma
g The body's inability to properly use vitamins and mineralsAutism and Vaccines:Many parents are worried that some vaccines a
odd or strange 30 years ago.
eproductive issues (hypogonadism), autoimmune disorders (sarcoidosis), and rheumatoid arthritis.

es do not usually infect humans. However, confirmed cases of human infection from several subtypes of avian influenza infecti

much less common than acute pain.

uch as sprains and fractures can cause either short-lived or chronic pain. Sprains are tears in the ligaments that support the spin
alories and fat, combined with an inactive lifestyle, can lead to obesity, which can put stress on the back.Heredity: Some causes
oblem that requires treatment soon.

adache, loss of taste, hypersensitivity to sound on the affected side, impaired speech, dizziness, and difficulty eating or drinking
ator-on nerve fibers in the brain.The disorder has also been associated with influenza or a flu-like illness, headaches, chronic m
e following symptoms:Daily low mood or sadness Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions Eating problems L
h this form alternate between hypomania and mild depression. People with bipolar disorder type II or cyclothymia may be wron

ding worse

can mean never leaving home Taking great pains to hide or camouflage the defect Squeezing or picking at skin blemishes for h
erable people.

under 19 years of age. Boys are affected more often than girls. These tumors are extremely rare in African American children.

es, are more likely to develop osteosarcoma (4). Ewing sarcoma is not strongly associated with any heredity cancer syndromes,
CI’s Cancer Information Service (CIS) (see below) at 1–800–4–CANCER and in the NCI booklet Taking Part in Cancer Treatment R
r overdosing

fenses often can limit the infection and prevent the person from developing symptoms. If the immune defenses are less succes

me infants. Approximately 110 cases of botulism occur in the U.S. per year. The majority are in infants.

o bacterial, viral, or food poisoning (gastroenteritis), which is sometimes associated with secondary peritonitis and appendiciti

mon source is a lung infection. Less often, a heart infection is to blame. Germs may also travel from a nearby infected area (for e
 alignant. Some primary brain tumors are made up of both astrocytic and oligodendrocytic tumors. These are called mixed gliom

ancer in one breast has an increased risk of getting cancer in her other breast.Family history: A woman's risk of breast cancer is

merican Cancer Society) 76% of women survive breast cancer if it is detected while it is 2-5cm in diameter and has spread to axi
sacs that often feel like soft grapes. These can sometimes be tender, especially just before your menstrual period.Other causes

ve difficulty maintaining breathing.Symptoms include:Bluish skin due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis) Cough, wheezing, shortness o
xposed to RSV.Risk factors include:Exposure to cigarette smoke Age younger than 6 months old Living in crowded conditions La

ia, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and New Mexico. The time between being infected and developing symptoms is typically 2 to 10 day

axatives, diet pills, emetics (drugs that cause vomiting), or diuretics Regularly going to the bathroom right after meals Suddenly
der the thumb (in advanced or long-term cases) Weakness in one or both hands
and wrist.Typing on a computer keyboard is probably the most common cause of carpal tunnel. Other causes include:performi

ations, such as cortisone. Traumatic cataract: Cataracts can develop after an eye injury, sometimes years later. Congenital cata

or more of the following, instead:Unexplained iron-deficiency anemia Fatigue Bone or joint pain Arthritis Bone loss or osteopo

sion Dizziness Muscle weakness in any part of the body or face Numbness in any part of the body

d early, cervical cancer can be prevented by removing or killing the changed cells before they can become cancer cells. A vaccin
years. But you should still go to the doctor regularly for a check-up that may include a pelvic exam. It also is important for you t
roblems. Research shows that people with cancer feel better when they stay active. Walking, yoga, swimming, and other activiti
death. Chronic aspiration of acid from the stomach can also lead to chemical pneumonitis.

ormed unless the pox is infected with bacteria from scratching.Despite receiving a vaccine, some children may still develop a m
children.Children born to mothers who have had chickenpox or who have received the chickenpox vaccine are not very likely to

a virus can bite during the day and night, both indoors and outdoors, and often lives around buildings in urban areas.

ers of cholangiocarcinoma.Age: Clinical data show old people are more likely to developing cholangiocarcinoma.

ons can also cause cholestasis.

ck or fixed to the tissue around it. This lump is common with fibrocystic breasts.You may have discharge from the nipple. If the

ver (101 degrees F or less) Muscle aches (myalgias) Muscle weakness, all over or multiple locations, not explained by any know
d behavior. If you wonder whether your child might be depressed, it's worth talking to a health care provider.
cause of depression in the elderly)

s (pleural space). Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a widespread form of the disease. Infection spreads to other parts of the

there are many causative mutations – mutations capable of causing color blindness originate from at least 19 different chromo
carries the mutation. If 5% of variants of a given gene are defective, the probability of a single copy being defective is 5%, but th

AP): FAP is caused by changes (mutations) in the APC gene that a person inherits from his or her parents. About 1% of all colore

old sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose near you. You touch your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something con

, purple, pale, or red; thin and shiny; swollen; more sweatyStage 2 (lasts 3 - 6 months):Continued changes in the skin Nails that
medical problems in the:Blood vessels Bones Muscles Nerves SkinPossible causes of CRPS:Injury directly to a nerve Injury or infe
a sore throat. Its symptoms include watery discharge and variable itch. The infection usually begins with one eye, but may spre
fected by bacteria in the birth canal. This condition is called ophthalmia neonatorum, and it must be treated immediately to pr

acceptable to have violent feelings may suddenly feel numbness in her arms after becoming so angry that she wanted to hit so

an lead to herpes simplex keratitis, which is a serious viral infection that may cause repeated attacks that are triggered by stres

ower than normalHydrocephalus, an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain SeizuresIn addition, there is a 1
to grow and divide constantly. This unchecked cell division may predispose to the development of benign and malignant tumo

common type. It affects the main (sagittal) suture on the very top of the head. The early closing forces the head to grow long an

):New variant CJD is an infectious form that is related to mad cow disease. The infection responsible for the disease in cows is b

e disorder in their family.About 10 percent of people with cri-du-chat syndrome inherit the chromosome abnormality from an u

se. Research shows that the inflammation seen in the GI tract of people with Crohn’s disease involves several factors: the gene
me irregular or stop. Men may have decreased fertility with diminished or absent desire for sex and, sometimes, erectile dysfun
, sends corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) to the pituitary gland. CRH causes the pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotropin h

wner of the Super Secret Number the Wikipedia Foundation and demand that all traces of it be removed? Did the Wikipedia leg

scherichia coli (E. coli), a type of bacteria found in the intestines.

concentrating Disorganized thinking Speech that doesn't make sense (incoherent) Inability to stop speech patterns or behavior

of alcohol withdrawal:Anxiety Depression Difficulty thinking clearly Fatigue Feeling jumpy or nervous Feeling shaky Headache In

ch as balancing a checkbook, playing games (such as bridge), and learning new information or routinesAs the dementia becom
be stopped or reversed if they are found soon enough, including:Brain tumors Changes in blood glucose, sodium, and calcium

s behavior may change, or there may be problems at home or school without any symptoms of depression:Acting-out behavio
uations can cause depression:Bullying or harassment at school or somewhere else Child abuse: both physical and sexual Lack of

g as much, and not answering the phone or returning phone calls.

the risk for depression include: thyroid disorders, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Symptoms of depress
to changes in body fluids.Nephrogenic DI results when the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH. The kidneys ’ ability to respo

n the blood by allowing the extra glucose to leave the body in the urine. If you do not drink enough fluids, or you drink fluids th

tion may lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and megaloblastic anemia.

tines. Insoluble fiber passes almost unchanged through the intestines. Both kinds of fiber help prevent constipation by making

ol for signs of bleeding and test blood for signs of infection. If diverticulitis is suspected, the doctor may order one of the follow
 es, donovanosis may look like advanced genital cancers, lymphogranuloma venereum, and anogenital cutaneous amebiasis.

. In this case, the breakdown of red blood cells is due to a certain type of stress in the cell, rather than the body's immune syste

roximately 1 out of every 3,600 male infants. Because this is an inherited disorder, risks include a family history of Duchenne m

may feel tiredness or fatigue if she is losing too much blood over time and becomes anemic.
ries do not release an egg. When this occurs, the hormone levels in your body are not the same, causing your period to be late

y become more noticeable and widespread and be unrelenting. Sometimes, however, there is little or no progression.Dystonias
carrier parent need contribute the dystonia gene for the disease to occur, each child having a 50% chance of being a carrier. In

d with Ebola is contagious from the moment he/she begins to show symptoms.
ranes with the blood, or other bodily fluids or secretions (stool, urine, saliva, semen) of infected people. Infection can also occu
nts usually die from shock rather than from blood loss.
who have ectopic pregnancies have had swelling (inflammation) of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) or pelvic inflammatory diseas

a. Mild emphysema can often develop into a severe case over a short period of time (1–2 weeks).

amaged by:A tumor Radiation therapy Surgery

gEmergency symptoms:Loss of consciousness, poor responsiveness, stupor, coma Muscle weakness or paralysis Seizures Sever
s. These include:Measles Mumps Polio Rabies Rubella Varicella (chickenpox)Other viruses that cause encephalitis include:Aden

a woman's risk of endometrial cancer. Similarly, women who reach menopause at an older age are exposed to estrogen for a lo

other children, family members, and items in the house.

t is very important to practice good hand hygiene around people with enterovirus 68 infection.

urrence of ependymomas.

d epididymitis and may be caused by sexually transmitted diseases (STD), such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. The rate of sexually

ness of part of the body, usually on the opposite side from the side with the enlarged pupilThe symptoms usually occur within
hat presses on the brain, causing a rapid increase of the pressure inside the head (intracranial pressure). This pressure may resu

easily overlooked in such patients.The occurrence of epiglottitis has decreased dramatically in the United States since the H. infl

g blood: When a tumor invades a blood vessel, vomiting up blood occurs. This may be the first symptom in some patients.Weig

lower end of the esophagus does not relax properly. As the result, food has trouble in passing into the stomach and tends to c
 . Race, Ethnicity, and Geography In the United States, whites are more likely than African Americans and Asian Americans to de

em, such as thyroid hormone deficiency, growth hormone deficiency, or other hormone deficiencies Damage to the brain or ce

nytime during pregnancy can be harmful.

rent than that for many other rash illnesses, such as measles, for which the child is contagious while he or she has the rash.

t requires medical treatment. People who have leukemia or cancer, who are born with immune deficiencies, who have received

tin) Diseases in which folic acid is not absorbed as well, such as celiac disease (sprue) or alcoholism Eating overcooked food Poo

roid cancers occur more often in women than in men. Age: Clinical data show that papillary and follicular thyroid cancer are us
 ymptomatic, but they nonetheless carry FMD and can transmit it to others.
ts humans, but spreads rapidly among animals, it is a much greater threat to the agriculture industry than to human health. Far
e with any of the following symptoms should see a doctor immediately:Prolonged pain —more than 5 hours Nausea and vomiti

mation, combining into large blistersYellow color to the skin (jaundice)Note: Symptoms usually begin suddenly and quickly wors

nes, and environmental factors (such as parenting) may be involved. This rare disorder may occur in children or adults.

ms, such as nausea or diarrhea.

ms, such as nausea or diarrhea.

ational water where Giardia may live, especially in lakes, rivers, springs, ponds, and streams International travelers People expo

ght Excessive Tearing

e specific causes by each major type of glaucoma are:Open-angle (chronic) glaucomaThe cause is unknown. An increase in eye
veal more risk factors, such as:High eye pressure Thinness of the cornea Abnormal optic nerve anatomy.In some people with ce

ugh, many patients will have no future problems.

s those in mothballs, can also trigger an episode.In the United States, G6PD deficiency is more common among blacks than wh

to the neck or chest area, even when they have been exposed to radiation in a nuclear facility, test or accident.

ance of developing Graves’ disease. Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and vitiligo—a disorder in which some parts of the s

e who carry the GBS germ. In this case symptoms appear later, when the baby is 7 days to 3 months or more old. This is called

ople who carry the GBS germ. In this case symptoms appear later, when the baby is 7 days to 3 months or more old. This is call

es, patients with growth hormone deficiency may feel less muscle and less ability to exercise. Less bone structure: Patients with

alysis) In mild cases, there may be no weakness or paralysis May begin in the arms and legs at the same time May get worse ov
aling. Damage to other parts of the nerve can cause the nerve to stop working.Guillain-Barré syndrome may occur along with vi

) Altered mental status (confusion)

menstrual periods and impaired fertility Depression A slowed heart rate
ar autoimmune syndrome (PGA II). Less commonly, Hashimoto's disease occurs as part of a condition called type 1 polyglandul
disease and vice versa. These disorders include:Vitiligo, a condition in which some areas of the skin lose their natural color Rhe
bone; numbness or paralysis of the muscles in the face; or pain that does not go away in the face, chin, or neck. Oropharynx an
oncancerous conditions or cancer. Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Certain industrial exposures, such as wood or nickel dust

ation system, where T is the size and configuration of the tumor, N is the presence or absence of lymph node metastases, and M

:Loss of menstrual periods or early menopause Loss of sex drive (libido) or impotence Loss of body hair Shortness of breathAlth
y develop symptoms. A person with only one copy of the mutated HFE gene is usually healthy and is said to be a “carrier” of th
the rate at which iron is absorbed by the body:Dietary supplements: Taking iron supplements or multivitamins with iron can sp

Extrinsic factors include: Abnormal immune system responses Blood clots in small blood vessels Certain infections Side effects f

having hemophilia A, while any of her female children will have a 50% chance of being a carrier. All female children of men with

pontaneous bleeding
daughters have a 50% chance of being a carrier.All female children of men with hemophilia carry the defective gene.

movementPatients with hepatic encephalopathy can become unconscious, unresponsive, and possibly enter a coma.Patients
not working well. They can cause damage to the nervous system.Hepatic encephalopathy may occur suddenly in people who p
ave symptoms when they are first infected. They can still develop liver failure later. If you have any risk factors for either type o
the liver).For more information about the causes and risk factors for different types of hepatitis, see also:Hepatitis A Hepatitis B

ups.Symptoms typically last less than 2 months, but 10-15% of patients still have symptoms or have relapses up to 6 months aft
after changing a diaper (young children often are asymptomatic). Having anal or oral sex with someone who has HAV. Indirect

p to 6 months after the time of infection. Early symptoms may include:Appetite loss Abdominal pain Extreme fatigue Fever, low
vary from 30 to 180 days. The virus may be detected 30 to 60 days after infection and persists for variable periods of time.Hep
s with high infection rates (including Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean) Being infected with HIV Being on hemodialysis Having mul

most productive and have family responsibilities.In developing countries, most people with liver cancer die within months of di

ed prostate, straining to urinate. Extra weight. Heavy lifting. Poor nutrition. Smoking. Overexertion. Undescended testicles.

an be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

es about 25% of all newborn intestinal obstructions. It occurs five times more frequently in males than in females. Hirschsprun

o women with HIV also can become infected during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding.You cannot get HIV:By working with or
es higher socioeconomic background. The reason is not clear.Geography: Epidemiological data demonstrates that Hodgkin's lym

pond to the first treatment have a poorer outlook.You will need to have regular exams and imaging tests for years after your tr

and-washing, wearing gowns, and using other safety measures is so important in the hospital.Patients who are more prone to g

y care centers. The virus can live for a half an hour or more on hands. The virus can also live for up to 5 hours on countertops an

dity Slow movements Tremor

Huntington's disease. The most common is adult-onset Huntington's disease. Persons with this form usually develop symptom

e the introduction of the medicine RhoGAM, which is used to treat pregnant mothers at risk for Rh incompatibility.
much parathyroid hormone, which raises the level of calcium in the blood. The term "hyperparathyroidism" generally refers to

ticotropin concentration over 24 consecutive hours measured 4-7 days after surgery may demonstrate the prognosis. The lower

mily history of hypertriglyceridemia or a family history of heart disease before the age of 50.

ria disorder has a history of abuse.

 h defects if the disease is not well controlled.

Delivery complications that reduce blood flow to the baby. Multiple pregnancy (twins or more). Rapid labor.The risk of Infant RD

nutrition Use of certain medications, including chemotherapy drugs Drinking too much alcohol Obesity Older age Ovarian cysts

d the rectal area, may cause draining of pus, mucus, or stools) Gastrointestinal bleeding Joint pain Kidney stones Liver inflamma
ne system response.Normally, the immune system helps protect the body, but with Crohn's disease the immune system can't t

own or require medication. The time between flare-ups may be anywhere from weeks to years, and varies wildly between pati
he fever returns. The cough and tiredness usually last for weeks after the rest of the illness is over.Other symptoms may includ
 tumors. They usually occur as single, small tumors in adults.These tumors are very rare in children. Most children with high blo

umonitis (AIP). Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia or bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Desquamative inte

ead that is normal size for gestational age, while the remainder of it's body is small.

r 1 month of age, no matter how early the baby was born.IVH falls into four groups, called grades. The higher the grade, the mo

n, but you are not eating enough foods with iron in them Your body needs more iron than normal (such as if you are pregnant o

en need to receive 8-10 mg of iron per day. Breastfed babies need less, because iron is absorbed 3 times better when it is in bre

dice. For more information on the causes of jaundice see: jaundice causes

etalis are at high risk for severe jaundice that leads to this condition. However, kernicterus has been seen in apparently healthy

y trichloroethylene, may increase the risk for kidney cancer.Drugs: Some studies have suggested that phenacetin (non-prescrip
efects.There are different types of kidney stones. The exact cause depends on the type of stone.Calcium stones are most comm

write before the onset of auditory agnosia can often continue communicating through written language. Some children develop

use placeholder words such as "um" Have a vocabulary that is below the level of other children the same age Leave words out o
also be caused by damage to the central nervous system, which is called aphasia.Language disorders are rarely caused by a lac
30 months: does not respond out loud or by nodding or shaking the head and asking questions At 36 months: does not follow 2

us and pituitary glands.

tinental United States. Hawaii has the highest number of cases in the United States. Recent out break of leptospirosis is reporte

a, is caused by bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Pneumoc

biopsy is used. The sample is sent to a lab where the pathologists can detect the tissues under the microscope and identify the t

s, can include headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, and convulsions. A person with listeriosis usually has fever and m
s, such as hot dogs and deli meats, contamination may occur after factory cooking but before packaging or even at the deli cou
24 times more likely than the general population to get Listeria infectionOlder adults: More than half (58%) of Listeria infectio

from lung cancer related to breathing secondhand smoke.The following may also increase one's risk of lung cancer:High levels
ses. Radon damages lung cells, and people exposed to radon are at increased risk of lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer from r
ace, Ethinicity and Geography In the United States, whites are more likely than African Americans and Asian Americans to deve
ll go away in brighter light. A patient may have trouble reading print or seeing other details, but can generally see well enough

ith immediate family members who have macular degeneration are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Gender: Women

iscouragement, rather than feelings of sadness.If depression is very severe, there may also be psychotic symptoms, such as hal
ivorce Childhood abuse or neglect Job loss Social isolation (common in the elderly)

iseaseCANCERLeukemia Lymphoma (cancer that starts in the lymph system) Solid tumor cancers, such as colon cancerBLOOD D

n a few hours of the manifestation of the primary symptoms.Malaria can also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn bab
velers coming from areas without endemic malaria Individuals in poverty who live in rural areas and lack access to health care

ment from frequent ear infections are likely to have speech and language disabilities.
oid cancers occur more often in women than in men. Age: Clinical data show that papillary and follicular thyroid cancer is usuall

specific actions). Memory loss may also be partial, meaning failing to remember only a selected group of items.Memory loss m

ding irritability, depression, and anxiety Urine leakage Vaginal dryness and painful sexual intercourse Vaginal infections Joint ac
p suddenly after some medical treatments, as is seen when the ovaries are removed surgically (called surgical menopause). Ch

od thinners (for example, warfarin or Coumadin) Use of an intrauterine device (IUD) for birth control Recent trauma, surgery, o

egree of retardation and more on the amount of intervention and care needed for daily life.Causes of mental retardation can b

oms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

of inherited methemoglobinemia is called hemoglobin M disease. It is caused by defects in the hemoglobin protein itself. Only o
egalovirus (CMV) Use of certain drugs during pregnancy, especially alcohol and phenytoin

on’t know whether camels are the source of the virus. More information is needed to identify the possible role that camels, ba

ne, monosodium glutamate, salty foods, and processed foods. Changes in the weather Lack of sleep or too much sleep Sensory
en pregnant

his type of TB if you have a weaken immune system due to disease (such as AIDS) or certain medications. Infants and the elderl
 more obvious and interfere with the ability to take care of yourself. The symptoms may include:Change in sleep patterns, ofte
es. Over time, as more areas of the brain are damaged, the symptoms of MID begin to appear. Not all strokes need to be "silent

Failure to improve despite medical treatment, including relapsing for unknown reasons.

s usually very helpful in the hospital setting and is often appreciated by the nursing staff for the care she gives her child. She is o
ma may also cause bone marrow scarring. This is called secondary myelofibrosis.

ebilitating symptom of Ménière's disease, typically involves a whirling dizziness that forces the sufferer to lie down. Vertigo atta
or dilate, a condition known as endolymphatic hydrops.Meniere's disease occurs when a part of the canal, called the endolym

, such as laughter or anger, will often bring on cataplexy.Most attacks last for less than 30 seconds and can be missed. Your hea

Delivery complications that reduce blood flow to the baby. Multiple pregnancy (twins or more). Rapid labor.The risk of Infant RD

ng time Staying in the hospital for an extended period of time

ltifocal and neuraxal. The most common presenting symptom of neoplastic meningitis is pain or seizure.
id space through this route via the perivascular tissues the surround the blood vessels at the brain entrance. Direct infiltration
Furthermore, the incidence of neoplastic meningitis seem higher in patient treated with surgery followed by stereotactic radio

need for intra-CSF chemotherapy administration. Lastly, for melanoma, primary tumors located in the trunk has been documen

e glomerulus, which is the part of the kidney that controls filtering and getting rid of wastes. This disruption results in blood and

ciated with well-known kidney diseases like autoimmune disease like Henoin Scholein purpura, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephri

reated as early as possible.

birth Learning difficulties and intellectual decline (dementia) Seizures Slurred, irregular speech Sudden loss of muscle tone whic
e reduced ASM activity in some cells. Type C Niemann-Pick disease has been reported in all ethnic groups but it is most commo

ave abdominal pain or swelling, which may lead to a loss of appetite, constipation, nausea, and vomiting.If the cancer affects ce
phoma. The cancer is further grouped by how the cells look under the microscope, for example, if there are certain proteins or
ables. Age: Most cases of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma occur in people older than 60. Gender: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs sligh

because their standards are so rigid.People with this disorder may emotionally withdraw when they are not able to control a s
this reaction.In rare cases, infants born to women who drink large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy may have opisthotonu

include poor dental and oral hygiene and chronic irritation (such as from rough teeth, dentures, or fillings). Some oral cancers b

r's type) Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease Diffuse Lewy Body disease Huntington's disease Multiple sclerosis Normal pressure hydroce
inical data show the person who has the family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or colorectal cancer has higher risk of

enstrual periods are not common with follicular cysts, and are more common with corpus luteum cysts. Spotting or bleeding m
ovarian cancer) or cysts due to hormone-related conditions such as polycystic ovary disease.Taking fertility drugs can cause a c

u become pregnant during this cycle. OHSS rarely, if ever, occurs in women who only take fertility medicines by mouth.OHSS aff

come blocked, swelling and tissue damage (pancreatitis) may develop.

Diabetes -- Pancreatic cancer occurs more often in people who have diabetes than in people who do not. Being male -- More m
rough normally. Blockage may cause the level of bilirubin in the blood, stool, or urine to become very high. High bilirubin levels
bness or tingling in the hands, feet, or face Palpitations, fast heart rate, or pounding heart Sensation of shortness of breath or s

much parathyroid hormone, which raises the level of calcium in the blood. The term "hyperparathyroidism" generally refers to

paired balance occur in the later in the patients with Parkinsonism. They are likely to take small steps and shuffle with the feet
ody lice, head lice never carry or spread diseases.

ause plaque contains bacteria, infection is likely and a tooth abscess may also develop, which increases the rate of bone destru

ause weakness. You may notice problems moving a part of your body. You may fall because your legs buckle. You may trip over
reat infections, cancer, seizures, and high blood pressure Pressure on a nerve, such as carpal tunnel syndrome Being exposed t

ne. Pernicious anemia that occurs at birth (congenital) is inherited. You need the defective gene from each parent to get it.Com
ng).General symptoms are listed below.Behavioral changes: Can't keep a job Compulsive behaviors Inappropriate behavior Inab

o deal with physical stress Nausea Hypogonadism Absent periods (amenorrhea) in women Sexual dysfunction and loss of muscle

e cervical opening.Placenta previa occurs in 1 out of 200 pregnancies.It is more common in women who have:Abnormally deve

a, is caused by bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Pneumoc

d spasm in any area of the body Neck pain and stiffness Pain in the front part of neck Pain or stiffness of the back, arms, legs, ab

cur in the developed world, usually in groups of people who have not been vaccinated. Polio often occurs after someone trave
y Sleep apnea (excessive snoring and times when breathing stops while asleep)
and problems with ovulation.<figure-inline class="mw-default-size"> </figure-inline>What causes the symptoms of PCOS? The o

olerance) before the age of 40. Women with PCOS have a four to seven times higher risk of heart attack than women of the sam

d response to things that startle you Feeling more aware (hypervigilance) Feeling irritable or having outbursts of anger Having t
Having a history of trauma may increase your risk for getting PTSD after a recent traumatic event.

ing the baby (Although these feelings are scary, they are almost never acted on. Still you should tell your doctor about them rig
when signs of depression start 1 or more months after childbirth.
r are single Have financial problems (low income, inadequate housing) Have little support from family, friends, or your significa

tum, smooth without ridges, and undescended testicles (male infant) Soft, flexible ear cartilage Thin, smooth, shiny skin, which

e. Age: The risk of ovarian failure rises as you age. Genentic factors: Having a family history of premature ovarian failure increa

al symptoms, such as bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, and joint or muscle pain Problems sleeping Trouble concentratin

rhea Food cravings Headache Less tolerance for noises and lightsOther symptoms include:Confusion Difficulty concentrating Fa
% of women with severe PMS have a premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

any amount of vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, physical or severe emotional trauma, or your water breaks (membran

more likely to have such hearing loss than nonsmokers) Certain medical conditions such as diabetes Certain medicines
ave abdominal pain or swelling, which may lead to a loss of appetite, constipation, nausea, and vomiting.If the cancer affects ce
The cancer is further grouped by how the cells look under the microscope, for example, if there are certain proteins or genetic
tables. Age: Most cases of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma occur in people older than 60. Gender: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs sligh

eding to gamble larger amounts of money in order to feel excitement Spending a lot of time thinking about gambling, such as r

ost often seen in people over 60 years old, and is somewhat more common in men.

bones Unexplained weight loss Fatigue Other symptoms, depending on the location

ur risk of prostate cancer.Many studies have indicated bad diet habits are associated with prostate cancer. Although there is no

r around the testicles (epididymitis or orchitis), you may also have symptoms of that condition.

ence between pseudo-Cushing and true Cushing's syndrome. Liver function: Elevation of serum transaminase levels suggest alc

t hand bones, and is also called Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy.Type Ib involves resistance to PTH only in the kidneys. Typ
izophrenia

and cattle workers. Men are infected more often than women, and most people who get Q fever are between 30 and 70 years

, milder episode. In TRBF, multiple episodes of fever occur and each may last up to 3 days. Individuals may be free of fever for u
ene, may increase the risk for renal cell carcinoma.Drugs: Some studies have suggested that phenacetin (non-prescription pain

an eye care professional immediately if you see a sudden or gradual increase in the number of floaters and/or light flashes, or

f purposeful hand movements; for example, the grasp used to pick up small objects is replaced by repetitive hand motions like
, Sweden, and northern Italy.

re not well studied, although survival at least until the mid-20s is likely. The average life expectancy of a girl with Rett syndrom

mother had past miscarriages or abortions that sensitized her immune system. However, all children she has afterwards who a

discharge, with or without a cough, that has been present for more than 10 days and is not improving
hinosinusitis can be:Acute -- symptoms last 2 - 8 weeks Chronic -- symptoms last much longerAcute sinusitis is caused by dama

ones.Computed tomography (CT) scan and biopsy: CT scans are often used to diagnose sacrococcygeal teratoma. It can confirm

e person is treated promptly with antibiotics, death may occur.

who did not wash hands with soap after using the bathroom.Salmonella may also be found in the feces of some pets, especial

difficult to treat. Antibiotic treatment does not make a difference in whether or not the person develops arthritis. Other possib
or depressed or irritable Problems sleeping Problems with concentration Sadness or hopelessness Seeing or hearing things tha

nrelated topics (“loose associations”) Bizarre behaviors Social isolationSymptoms can vary, depending on the type of schizophre

also common with this condition.

er. Unlike those with a unilateral vestibular schwannoma, individuals with NF2 usually develop symptoms in their teens or earl

this gene somehow loses its ability to function properly.These tumors are thought to occur when there is a defect in a gene th

se of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney failure can interfere with the body's ability to remove phosphate.Other causes of

y, head, arms, or legs Shaking of the entire body Tasting a bitter or metallic flavorSymptoms may stop after a few minutes, or c
of certain drugs that lower the seizure threshold, such as tricyclic antidepressants Infection, such as encephalitis or meningitis

mutism never speak.

e. When separated from their parents, particularly when away from home, they feel threatened and unsafe.Separation anxiety
e it has been shown to live for up to four days. And the virus may be able to live for months or years when the temperature is b

l and prolonged erection (priapism - occurs in 10 - 40% of men with the disease) Poor eyesight/blindness Strokes Skin ulcers
he symptoms of sickle cell anemia. In order to get sickle cell disease, both of your parents must have at least 1 defective gene.

from short-term exposure to very large amounts of silica. The lungs become very inflamed and can fill with fluid, causing sever
vironment such as excessive noise or light Caffeine Alcohol or other drugs Use of certain medications Heavy smoking Physical d

ogical phase. The symptoms include confusion, reduced coordination, and disruption of the sleep cycle, with bouts of fatigue p
ratories: accidental infections, for example, through the handling of blood of an infected person and organ transplantation, alth

olyposis (FAP), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and cystic fibrosis (CF) Smoki
and biopsy: This is a newer way of looking at the small intestine. At first the patient need to anesthesia. This technology makes

oard in front of others). Or, it may be so broad (such as in generalized social phobia) that the person experiences anxiety aroun

syndrome, etc.
ds but it is a different type of image than what is produced by computed tomography (CT) and produces detailed images of the

s of the spine do not close but the spinal cord and meninges remain in place and skin usually covers the defect Meningoceles, a
It may get worse:After standing or sitting At night When sneezing, coughing, or laughing When bending backwards or walking m
area for a slipped disc. The cervical (neck) discs are affected 8% of the time. The upper-to-mid-back (thoracic) discs are rarely in
back problems. Repetitive lifting, pulling, pushing, bending sideways and twisting also may increase your risk of a herniated dis

en and young adults with SLEV disease develop only fever and headache or aseptic meningitis; almost 90% of elderly persons w

dominal fullness after meals: This is induced by the decreased amount of gastric space with the growth of the lump.Abdominal
Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection Have gastric inflammation Male Eat lots of smoked, salted, or pickled food Smoke cigarettes H

nia, is caused by bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Pneumo

eases Very high blood pressureToxins and drugs, such as:Alcohol abuse (binge drinking or damage from long-term alcohol use)

ds (I am Booooobbbby Jones or Llllllllike)Other symptoms that might be seen with stuttering include:Eye blinking Jerking of the

e of brain atrophy (shrinkage) and are more easily injured.Some subdural hematomas occur without cause (spontaneously).
ms, or up to months or years afterward.

uring the winter. The swine influenza A virus collected from a Fort Dix soldier was named A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1).

rged lymph nodes, vision changes, and hair loss may occur.Symptoms of tertiary syphilis depend on which organs have been aff
uld be screened for syphilis to prevent the infection from passing to their newborn (congenital syphilis).Syphilis has three stages

ose who are infected can expose other people to T. solium eggs, usually through food handling.

weakness or pain along many nerve areas. Rarely, paralysis of eye muscles may occur. A persistent fever may be the only symp
rare in people of African descent. There is some evidence that it runs in families.

eadache. Such activities include typing or other computer work, fine work with the hands, and using a microscope. Sleeping in a
hould not be taken when pregnant.

ors increase a man's chance of developing this disease.Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism): Normally, the testicles descend f
ping cancer in the remaining testicle. Patients treated with chemotherapy may have an increased risk of certain types of leukem

epping on a nail (rusty or not) may result in a tetanus infection, as the low-oxygen (anaerobic) environment is provided by the s
ype has many different subtypes. Both alpha and beta thalassemia include the following two forms:Thalassemia major Beta tha

y treatment.The following health conditions cause increased breakdown of platelets:Disseminated intravascular coagulation (D

include poor dental and oral hygiene and chronic irritation (such as from rough teeth, dentures, or fillings). Some oral cancers b

mall number of patients use curse words or other inappropriate words or phrases (coprolalia).Tourette syndrome is different fr
boys as in girls.
 ll.Initially, people with transverse myelitis may notice that they are stumbling or dragging one foot or that their legs seem heav
V), hepatitis A, and rubella. Bacterial skin infections, middle-ear infections (otitis media), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (bacteri

dence on others for basic functions of daily living. Unfortunately, making predictions about individual cases is difficult. Howeve

a Slight discharge from urethraOccasionally, some men with trichomoniasis may develop prostatitis or epididymitis from the inf

nd are non-compliant. Do not take all of their TB medication as prescribed by their doctors or nurses. Develop TB disease again
ess on it. Later, the rash becomes dull and red and does not fade. People with severe typhus may also develop small areas of b
se. Brill-Zinsser disease is a mild form of epidemic typhus. It occurs when the disease re-activates in a person who was previou

tase (CPS) deficiency Citrullinemia N-acetyl glutamate synthetase deficiency (NAGS) Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OT

ng your bladder completely (urinary retention) A tube called a urinary catheter inserted into your urinary tract Bowel incontine

show that a higher number of pregnancies may protect against endometrial cancer because of the the shift towards more pro

, they can grow very large. They may fill the entire uterus, and may weigh several pounds. Although it is possible for just one fib

eases, but most cases occur in healthy people for unapparent reasons. The disorder may affect only one eye. It is most common
 ed "DES daughters". Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: Certain types of HPV (type 16 and 18) have been strongly associate

event soreness.

acterial vaginosis, an overgrowth of certain types of bacteria in the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis may cause a thin, grey vaginal di

o have suppressed immune systems.

human and animal hosts Humans can transmit the virus among them Outbreaks of theses viruses occur rarely and are not possi

nteroviruses Herpes simplex viruses, usually type 2 HIV (especially acute HIV syndrome) Mumps Rabies virus West Nile virusRis

fish tapeworm, or other problems that make it difficult for your body to digest foods Pernicious anemia, which occurs when you

miological data have verified that melanoma or atypical moles increase the risk of developing vulvar cancer. Smoking: Smoking c
se symptoms and have recently been bitten by a mosquito.In rare cases, West Nile virus causes a disease such as a swelling of t
ople develop severe disease or even notice any symptoms at all.West Nile virus may also be spread through blood transfusions

f a chair ("Saturday night palsy" if caused by drinking too much alcohol and falling asleep in that position) Pressure to the upper

on including delirium, seizures, coma, shock, and death.

ometimes it is caused by rare infections such as tuberculosis or cat scratch disease (Bartonella).

their schedule is busy Going to the bathroom right after meals Refusing to eat around other people Using pills to make themse
n (albumin) begins to pass into the urine. Diabetic nephropathy generally goes along with other diabetes complications includi

can be treated as early as possible.

the liver, brain, kidneys, and eyes.Persons with galactosemia cannot tolerate any form of milk (human or animal). They must b

vels often go back to normal after delivery. However, women with gestational diabetes should be watched closely after giving b
ted States were once called the "goiter belt," because a high number of goiter cases occurred there. A lack of enough iodine is

eractive thyroidGenetic defects TumorsOne-sided breast growth Firm or hard breast lump that feels like it is attached to the ti

ansplantThe hormone aldosterone regulates kidney removal of sodium and potassium. Lack of aldosterone can result in hyper
n cause hyperkalemia if kidney function is poor. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, as do many "low-salt" packaged food

hypoglycemia that occurs without a known cause. People with this type of hypoglycemia do not have diabetes.Hypoglycemia m

ar levels. Symptoms can include: Diabetes Red, blistery rash in the groin or buttocks Weight loss
may be reabsorbed back into the body from the bones, which makes the bone tissue weaker. This can result in brittle, fragile bo

e Cystic fibrosis Gonadal dysgenesis Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Hyperprolactinemi

tion syndrome True hermaphroditism Turner syndrome (XO)If the amenorrhea cannot be corrected, it is sometimes possible to

erprolactinaemia.
o occur at an older age and can grow to a large size before any symptoms appear.

ollowing drugs may also cause missed periods:Busulfan Chemotherapy drugs for cancer Chlorambucil Cyclophosphamide Pheno

mocriptine, haloperidol, thiothixene, exogenous oxytocin. Surgery: Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during or aft

art or kidney failure, preeclampsia, or certain medications.If you quit smoking, you might gain weight. Most people who quit sm

de:Blood tests including chemistry profile Measurement of hormone levels Nutritional assessmentWeight gain caused by emoti
drant. Hydronephrosis (fluid-filled kidney) can cause a smooth, spongy-feeling mass in one or both sides or toward the back (fla

the intestines. Pain that is localized is found in only one area of your belly. This type of pain is more likely to be a sign of a prob
bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Kidney stones Pancreatitis (swelling or infection of the pancreas) UlcersSom
more severe and frequent and occurs with nausea and vomiting Bloating that persists for more than 2 days Burning sensation w

found in milk. Parasites. Parasites can enter the body through food or water and settle in the digestive system. Parasites that ca

covering of the heartKidney dialysis may also be associated with ascites.

e (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Intestinal infection (such as bacterial enterocolitis) Small bowel tumor Trauma o
e cells. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of colorectal cancer.Other types of polyps are:Hyperplastic polyp, which rare

r routine such as pregnancy, aging, and travel abuse of laxatives ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement dehydration spec

eating habits, medication, and level of physical activity will also help the doctor determine the cause of constipation.The clinic

found in milk. Parasites. Parasites can enter the body through food or water and settle in the digestive system. Parasites that ca

owing problems, including:An abnormal ring of tissue that forms where the esophagus and stomach meet (called Schatzki's ring
bin cannot get through to the intestines then stools may become lighter in color. Abdominal pain: Experiencing abdominal pain
y of developing gallbladder cancer.Ethnicity: Epidemiology data demonstrates that Mexican Americans and Native Americans,

bin cannot get through to the intestines then stools may become lighter in color. Abdominal pain: Experiencing abdominal pain
y of developing gallbladder cancer.Ethnicity: Epidemiology data demonstrates that Mexican Americans and Native Americans,

Other factors that may contribute to GERD include:Obesity Pregnancy SmokingCommon foods that can worsen reflux symptom
artburn, talk to your doctor. Never change or stop medication you take regularly without talking to your doctor.

gastroparesis experience a wide range of symptoms, and sometimes the disorder is difficult for the physician to diagnose.
oidismMany people have what is called idiopathic gastroparesis, meaning the cause is unknown and cannot be found even afte

harmless sound waves to outline and define the shape of the gallbladder and pancreas. Barium x ray. After fasting for 12 hours

into the esophagus.Pregnancy and many medications can bring on heartburn or make it worse.
o your doctor first
in in the chest, jaw, arm, or somewhere else? What medications are you taking? Are you vomiting blood or black material? Do

s and obstruction of bile in the bile ducts. Nausea and vomiting: Hepatocellular carcinoma disturbs the normal functions of dige

pture. An abundant amount of blood loss due to vomiting may lead to shock and even death.

y show hyaline casts. ATN may recover with supportive treatment only or progress to end-stage renal failure. In cirrhosis, urina

AP): FAP is caused by changes (mutations) in the APC gene that a person inherits from his or her parents. About 1% of all colore

mproving quality of life. Patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing after the treatment. If the person
move too quickly, the colon loses its ability to absorb fluids. The result is too much fluid in the stool. In other people, the movem

ople of northern or western European background, but still may occur.An illness that involves or injures your small intestine ma

s and obstruction of bile in the bile ducts. Nausea and vomiting: Hepatocellular carcinoma disturbs the normal functions of dige

pture. An abundant amount of blood loss due to vomiting may lead to shock and even death.

easurement Transgastric liver biopsy Transgastric lymphadenectomy Transgastric oophorectomy Transgastric partial hysterec

e is different than breast milk jaundice.Babies who are born too early (premature) are more likely to develop jaundice than full-
her symptoms develop The feet, especially the soles, are yellow

swallowing. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): This develops from the lower sphincter in the esophagus not closing pro
 abnormalities lead to a shortage of red blood cells (anemia), which causes fatigue and weakness, or a reduction in the amount

neutropenia) Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus) Sarcoidosis Sickle cell splenic crisis

hese problems go away when the colitis is treated.

old, short fingers and toes with mild webbing (syndactyly), single crease in palm of hand (simian crease), small, broad hands an

o carry one altered copy of the FGD1 gene may show mild signs of the condition, such as hypertelorism, short stature, or a wido

of the spine) may be present Normal intelligence is generally present

ild.Individuals who inherit two altered copies of this gene typically have very severe problems with bone growth, and are usua

pment is often slower than normal. Most children with Down syndrome never reach their average adult height.Children may al

with Fragile X syndrome develops seizures (mostly simple or complex partial seizures)

PCR) is used to diagnose this disease. This test looks for an expanded mutation (called a triplet repea t) in the FMR1 gene.

genetic disorders, and to families who may be at risk for a variety of inherited conditions. They identify families at risk, investig

Normal ranges for a child's sex and age (weeks, months) -- based on normal growth rates of infants' and children's headsA care

apidly, resulting in end-stage kidney failure and generally causing death in infancy or childhood.Persons with PKD have multiple
d.Other forms of Tay-Sachs disease are very rare. Signs and symptoms can appear in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood and

ms Taking longer than normal to perform more difficult activitiesThe early symptoms of AD can include:Language problems, such
al cases. Not all early-onset cases are caused by such mutations. Most people with Alzheimer’s disease have “late-onset” Alzhei

efinitive research on centenarians is Thomas Perls, MD and Margery’s Living to 100 study of New England centenarians. Intervie

pe of hearing loss often cannot be reversed.Sensorineural hearing loss is commonly caused by:Acoustic neuroma Age-related he

inson's disease may feel it difficult to speak and swallow. Slowness of movement (bradykinesia) and impaired balance: In the la

be removed (biopsy) using small biopsy forceps. Many samples may be taken, depending on the size and location of the area. S

ng a support person with you if that will help.

ing of the vagina.

t worsens over time Vaginal bleeding Vague lower abdominal discomfort Weight gain or lossOther symptoms that can occur wi

k for developing ovarian cancer. Most deaths from ovarian cancer occur in women age 55 and older.

er causes of unwanted hair growth are rare:Tumor or cancer of the adrenal gland Tumor or cancer of the ovary Cushing's syndr

get a series of three vaccines. Those who have not completed the full vaccine series should catch up on missed doses. (Note: S

get a series of three vaccines. Those who have not completed the full vaccine series should catch up on missed doses. (Note: S

best for you. The specific procedure depends on your medical history and reason for the surgery.
dition may be treated without this major surgery. Talk with your doctor about all your treatment options. Less invasive procedu

nder just before your menstrual period.Certain medications may also cause breast pain, including:Anadrol Chlorpromazine Diu

t 15-20%. Most miscarriages occur during the first 7 weeks of pregnancy. The rate of miscarriage drops after the baby's heart b

having Pap smear screening again.You may not need to have a Pap smear if you have had a total hysterectomy (uterus and cer
tions and sexually transmitted diseases Trichomoniasis Vaginal yeast infection
ior genitalia). You have burning with urination or other urinary symptoms. You may have a urinary tract infection.

A single newline generally has no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. Some edi

verall quality of patient care. WikiDoc welcomes your involvement in contributing to this project.

to add in the references. The next section describes how to use the software program.

chest pain may occur.Other symptoms depend on the type of cyanotic heart disease, and may include:Feeding problems or red
alves. Heart valves are found between the heart and the large blood vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. These valve

oving the quality of making diagnoses and treating medical conditions, reducing the variability in treatment, and to improve th

to add in the references. The next section describes how to use the software program.

re-organizing into the standardized microchapters.

ttom one with red arrows next to it. In the top box put "type page name here", and in the bottom box type the name of the dise
ss of which microchapter page you are viewing, you can easily click back to the home page or to other microchapter pages.The

teverserver.com<br /> ==Current Position== * Your Role in WikiDoc (list chapters here)<br /> ==Professional Background== ==
ect the Holosystolic Murmur page (redirecting page) to the Holosystolic (Pansystolic) Murmurs section (target section) in page H

and a user talk page which you can use to communicate with other users. You will be able to mark an edit as minor, which avoid

on each patient information page. Again we use the example from pericarditis to show the coding that you would use to create

al Infarction must be edited and its source code replaced by:Don't make a redirect that points to another redirect. This is called
to add in the references. The next section describes how to use the software program.
 plex:Synonyms and keywords: Premature ventricular beat; premature ventricular beats; premature ventricular complex; prem
", which will take you directly to the edit box. Type in the edit box #redirectHereditary nephritis Click the save button at the bott

hat a consensus can be reached regarding WikiDoc content. WikiDoc members can choose to be alerted by email when change
he effort.Please read "The World is Flat" by Thomas L. Friedman. One of the premises of this book is that information technolog

k, blue, purple, yellowish green)

ber of each type of cell. The test shows if the number of cells are in proper proportion with one another, and if there is more o

ymphocytes may be due to:Chronic bacterial infection Infectious hepatitis Infectious mononucleosis Lymphocytic leukemia Mu

or night sweat Frequent infections Feeling weak or tired Bleeding and bruising easily (bleeding gums, purplish patches in the s

es with the disease. Life-style: A study by the American Cancer Society found that being overweight increases a person's risk of

be called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.
philis. Systemic lupus erythematosus or another rheumatologic condition. Transfusion reaction, such as one due to improperly m
be called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.The sample is se

olvement.More than half of patients have not had other symptoms of SLE when they are diagnosed with lupus nephritis.SLE is

le. Black race have worse outcomes than other races.

active immune response against the toxin or microorganism.During serum sickness, the immune system falsely identifies a prot

monly diagnosed during childhood. Pregnant women and people with diabetes or a weakened immune system are also at incre

milies don't have time to notice. Signs of comaLoss of consciousness Some spontaneously movements, including shaking, tremo

water content in the body increase, but the water gain is greater Hypovolemic hyponatremia -- water and sodium are both lost
 Other causes of metabolic acidosis include:Kidney disease (distal tubular acidosis and proximal renal tubular acidosis) Poisonin

g by aspirin, ethylene glycol (found in antifreeze), or methanol Severe dehydration

estore the body's acid-base balance by rising body chemicals, such as bicarbonate.Acute respiratory acidosis is a severe situatio

onmouth and copperhead bites are painful right when they occur. Symptoms, which usually begin right away, may include:Ble

omiting, especially in the morning

are also at higher risk.
ng has been going on for longer than 24 hours in an adult or longer than 12 hours in a child Diarrhea has lasted longer than 5 da

s Pain in the back Personality changesAttacks can sometimes be life threatening, producing:Low blood pressure Severe electro

or cruciate ligament injury or medial collateral ligament injury may cause bleeding into your knee, which makes the pain worse

e Bladder and prostate such as malignancy, stones, or obstruction of the urinary tract.

of bladder cancer.Radiation treatmentWomen who had radiation therapy to treat cervical cancer have an increased risk of deve

vein becomes thickened over time. To perform the dialysis, blood is removed and returned through the vein. There are two m

ays per week Longer nightly treatments done 3 - 6 nights per week while you are sleeping Home hemodialysis treatments help
essions.Observe the access site after dialysis, watching for swelling, infection, or bleeding. Call your health care provider immed

negative communication that reinforce the erection problems Spinal cord injury Stress, fear, anxiety, or anger Unrealistic sexua

se circumstances.Call your doctor immediately or go to an emergency room if medication for erection problems give you an un
ases, the immune system may attack organs or tissues because it mistakes them for these viruses or foreign chemicals.The imm

ases, the immune system may attack organs or tissues because it mistakes them for these viruses or foreign chemicals.The imm

h or without blood Joint pain Shortness of breath Weakness Wheezing

h-flux membrane than to the addition of convective transport (filtration) to dialysis. A recent Cochrane database review of ava

Nerve damage from a herniated disc Vitamin B12 deficiency

wing:Urinary tract stones Ureteral stones Bladder stones Urinary tract tumors Retroperitoneal fibrosis Benign prostatic hyperp
f the urinary system that cause reflux nephropathy.Reflux nephropathy can occur with other conditions that lead to a blockage

es, high cholesterol, heavy alcohol use, cocaine abuse, and increasing age.Fibromuscular dysplasia is another cause of renal arte

e Care Follow the therapy recommended by your doctor to treat the underlying cause of your urinary frequency or urgency. It

specific actions). Memory loss may also be partial, meaning failing to remember only a selected group of items.Memory loss m

specific actions). Memory loss may also be partial, meaning failing to remember only a selected group of items.Memory loss m

to a lack of oxygen. Some brain cells start dying less than 5 minutes after their oxygen supply disappears. As a result, brain hyp

y nose) or one-sided stuffy nose (same side as the head pain) Red, flushed faceCluster headaches may occur daily for months, a
on and preserved meats) Certain medications Cocaine

n concussion often are associated with injury to the neck and spine. Take particular care when moving patients who have had a

pe of hearing loss often cannot be reversed.Sensorineural hearing loss is commonly caused by:Acoustic neuroma Age-related h
g heart, loss of speech, change in vision, or other symptoms.The most common causes of vertigo are benign positional vertigo a

yMultiple sclerosisMuscular dystrophyMyasthenia gravisParkinson's diseaseOther causes may include:Alcohol intoxicationPoor

o recognize written wordsDifficulty rhymingDRD may occur in combination with writing or math learning problems.

the head and upper neck, as a tightness or pressure. The pain is usually mild and bilateral Not accompanied with nausea or vo

ally affects one eye at a time)Numbness, tingling, or pain:Facial pain Painful muscle spasms Tingling or burning feeling in the ar

cks. Slowly, there is a greater loss of function with less improvement between attacks. Over time, many require a wheelchair to

meetings.Note: Symptoms may be worse during stress or emotional upset.

ven if you feel well. Do not stop taking rivastigmine without talking to your doctor.If you are taking rivastigmine oral solution, a
ratropium (Atrovent); and medications for Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, irritable bowel disease, motion sickness, myasthenia

will carefully check for any sign of infection (such as meningitis, abscess, or urinary tract infection), ruptured disk, spinal stenos

shaken baby syndrome. Other factors must be considered.

drome does not result from gentle bouncing, playful swinging or tossing the child in the air, or jogging with the child. It also is v

he breathing muscles, if the injury is high up in the neck) Loss of normal bowel and bladder control (may include constipation, i
nt or gunshot) can cut or damage the spinal cord.Direct damage can also occur if the spinal cord is pulled, pressed sideways, or

cord injury must perform bladder catheterization from time to time.Modifications of the person's living environment are usuall

with tiny calcium stones called otoconia. When the head is tilted or the body position is changed with respect to gravity, the d
periods or may last for a longer period of time.
er, a disturbance in the labyrinth. Central vestibular disorder, a problem in the brain or its connecting nerves. Systemic disorder
llness in the ear. The cause of Ménière's disease is unknown.Vestibular neuronitis: an infection of the vestibular nerve, general
e causes of the balance disorder. The physician may require tests to assess the cause and extent of the disruption of balance. T
f the vestibular system and its relationship with other systems in the body.For people diagnosed with Ménière's disease, dietar

ke cancer can, they can invade nearby tissue and are often very painful Desmoid tumor s can grow slowly or very quickly The qu

location after surgery, doctors are looking for other treatment options Radiation therapy Radiation therapy is a treatment opti

ou will live, but they are very difficult to get rid of and can be painful to live with Desmoid tumor s growing in the abdomen can
ve the tonsils or the base of the tongue. In the United States, the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer s caused by HPV infectio n
at does not go away; frequent headaches, pain, or ringing in the ears; or trouble hearing.Larynx. Pain when swallowing or ear p

r ways to search the list, see Help Finding NCI -Supported Clinical trials.Information specialists from NCI ’s Cancer Information S
doctor plan treatment.

head and neck may experience redness, irritation, and sores in the mouth; a dry mouth or thickened saliva; difficulty in swallow
trials for individuals with head and neck cancer, or chat with a cancer information specialist online through LiveHelp.People in

s and obstruction of bile in the bile ducts. Nausea and vomiting: Hepatocellular carcinoma disturbs the normal functions of dige

pture. An abundant amount of blood loss due to vomiting may lead to shock and even death.

from lung cancer related to breathing secondhand smoke.The following may also increase one's risk of lung cancer:High levels
ses. Radon damages lung cells, and people exposed to radon are at increased risk of lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer from r

st common in people ages 30 - 50.

tment: Women who had radiation therapy to treat cervical cancer have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. Bladde

t return can be surgically removed and cured.The cure rates for people with stage III tumors are less than 50%. Patients with st

e cause is unknown. In more than half of these cases, the problem is present at or shortly after birth (congenital strabismus).Mo
ou taking any medications? Which ones? Have you had surgery or an injury to your eyes or nose? Do you have allergies? Have y

n a meta-analysis published as part of the Rational Clinical Examination Series in the Journal of the American Medical Associati
ad to permanent visual impairment within two or three days or even blindness in the eye.

n comes into sharp, contiguous focus. This is the second meridian. Note the position of thepower and axis drums.If both meridi

a sore throat. Its symptoms include watery discharge and variable itch. The infection usually begins with one eye, but may spre
fected by bacteria in the birth canal. This condition is called ophthalmia neonatorum, and it must be treated immediately to pr
rge, pain, or vision problems.Blepharitis: Swelling of the eyelash along the edge of the eyelid.Conjunctivitis: Swelling or infectio

e cause is unknown. In more than half of these cases, the problem is present at or shortly after birth (congenital strabismus).Mo

ribed as urine-like or "fishy") in people with chronic kidney failure.

vitis Acute necrotizing ulcerative mucositis Acute renal failure Bowel obstruction (can cause breath to smell like feces) Bronchie

amination will include a thorough examination of the mouth and the nose. A throat culture may be taken if you have a sore thr
 is crying Inability to nurse and breathe at same time Inability to pass a catheter through each side of the nose into the throat P

horoughly and routinely, tooth decay will not only begin, but flourish.The acids in plaque dissolve the enamel surface of the too

but you still need to see your doctor to confirm any possible ear infection.
nfections are also more likely if a child spends a lot of time drinking from a sippy cup or bottle while lying on his or her back. Ho
ed or perforated eardrum Sinus infection Sore throat with referred pain to the ears Temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ)

ause, including overly vigorous brushing or flossing of the teeth, can cause gingivitis.The following raise your risk for developin

ause, including overly vigorous brushing or flossing of the teeth, can cause gingivitis.The following raise your risk for developin

hearing loss in infants include:Abnormalities in the structure of the ear canal or middle ear Buildup of ear wax Ear infections (e

ooth, which pushes the next tooth, eventually causing a misalignment of the bite. A partially emerged tooth can trap food, plaq

ptoms of hairy leukoplakia are painless, fuzzy white patches on the side of the tongue.

an appear as a single pale or yellow ulcer with a red outer ring, or as a cluster of these sores. The cause of canker sores is not cl

medication may be prescribed for oral thrush (a yeast infection). An antiviral medication may be prescribed for herpes sores (a
ation of the nose using a camera) Partial thromboplastin time measurements Prothrombin (PT) CT scan of the nose and sinuses

ed or perforated eardrum Sinus infection Sore throat with referred pain to the ears Temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ)

he salivary glands empty saliva into the mouth through ducts that open at various locations in the mouth.Swelling of the salivar

ting in the signs and symptoms of van der Woude syndrome.

can hold and the child does not wake up when the bladder is full. The child's brain has not learned to respond to the signal tha

sness in an infant
abuse themselves.A small group of repeated abusers have the psychiatric disorder, pedophilia. Their preferred sexual contact is

. Studies suggest that surgery should be done by this age. Surgery can reduce the chances of permanent damage to the testicle

fections (osteomyelitis) Sarcoidosis psoriatic arthritis vasculitis Inflammatory bowel disease

gressive behavior Stubborn behavior Regression to behaviors that are typical of an earlier developmental stage Unwillingness t
s are major stressors for children. Medical treatments produce even greater stress. Recognition of parental stress (such as that

ome control in his or her life. This is particularly important, because research shows that the more people feel they have contro

ddictive when addiction is defined as a desire for more of the drug, despite negative consequences.The level of craving, irritabil

developing an addiction later in life for both environmental and genetic reasons.People who are more likely to abuse or becom

archy is the Method of Factors. At every stage the subjects self-exposure should be completely voluntary - a criterion that may
are seen in almost all patients with fibromyalgia. Many say that they can't get to sleep or stay asleep, and they feel tired when

olent, coming to a stage of acceptance might take longer.

ana is often cut with hallucinogens and other, more dangerous drugs that have more serious side effects than marijuana. These

t, nightmares are more common in the early morning. They may occur after someone watches frightening movies or TV shows,

hile in the hospital without realizing what is happening to them. They think they have the flu, and because they don't know that

p walking episode when they wake up Performing detailed activity of any type during sleep Rarely, showing aggressive behavio
es Mental disordersIn the elderly, sleepwalking may be a symptom of an organic brain syndrome or REM behavior disorders.Sle

co-occur with ADD, and it is suggested that part of the reason might be that linguistic tasks, especially verbal ones, tax working

ay be present are:Obsessive-compulsive disorder Panic disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

msMost suicide attempts do not result in death. Many of these attempts are done in a way that makes rescue possible. These

ed as a drug screen, it must be done during a certain time period after the drug has been taken or while forms of the drug can s

vy alcohol use may be risk factors.

n develop 20-40 years after exposure Pleural effusion -- a collection that develops around the lung a few years after asbestos e
 joint stiffness. Sweating and clammy skin.Less common symptoms include:Diarrhea (especially with Legionella pneumonia). Ea

h as coal mining, textile manufacturing, or grain handling) Infections

it is in the right place.The chest tube usually stays in place until x-rays show that all the blood, fluid, or air has drained from the

dstream and enters the brain. A typical smoker will take 10 puffs on a cigarette over a period of 5 minutes that the cigarette is
ved in mediating the desire to consume drugs is the neurotransmitter dopamine, and research has shown that nicotine increas
monary nodules.

eadache Seizures Weakness on one side of the faceEye symptoms include:Burning Discharge from the eye Dry eyes Itching Pain

rted into the pleural space.Tell your health care provider if you feel shortness of breath or chest pain.

gth or changing.Acute low back pain is most often caused by a sudden injury to the muscles, ligaments, bones, and nerves in th

narrowing of the spinal canal) Small fractures to the spine from osteoporosis Spine curvatures (such as scoliosis or kyphosis), w
chest pain, shortness of breath or edema of feet.
s before your surgery.Take your drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water. If you have diabetes, follow the dir
y put weight on your leg. You'll be told how much weight to put on your leg. You may not be allowed to put weight on your leg
maller incisions and special surgical tools fed through the incisions to remove the appendix. Laparoscopic surgery leads to fewe

metimes used to look for signs of appendicitis, especially in people who are thin or young. An abdominal x-ray is rarely helpful
all your doctor immediately if you notice:Signs of infection, such as fever and chills, redness, swelling, increased pain, excessive
sed to prevent injury or movement while healing.

, increasing patient age and features that result in prolonged/uninterrupted exposure to estrogen (e.g. early age at onset mens
removed. The dye helps locate other stones that may be outside your gallbladder. If any are found, the surgeon may be able to

ay of your surgery.On the day of your surgery:Do not eat or drink anything after midnight the night before your surgery. Take th

ometimes the surgeon will place a tube from your stomach through the abdominal wall to keep your stomach in place. This tub
contents of the stomach into the lungs), a chronic cough, or hoarseness.

eek before surgery. Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery.On the day of your surgery:Do
 n skin peeling. Drug allergies usually involve the whole body and can lead to a variety of symptoms.
ironmental triggers.Sometimes, friction (rubbing or roughly stroking the skin) will cause symptoms.A specific allergy is not usua

for complications, and treatment are the same for both types of reactions.Anaphylaxis can occur in response to any allergen. C

m of angioedema runs in families and has different triggers, complications, and treatments. This is called hereditary angioedem

flux) Usually begins suddenlyBluish color to the lips and face Decreased level of alertness such as severe drowsiness or confusio

delayed type of drug allergy that occurs a week or more after exposure to a medication or vaccine.Penicillin and related antibio

dhood, but it can begin at any age. Fortunately, many children will outgrow their allergy to milk, egg, wheat, and soy by the tim

are more likely to have increased amounts of pollen in the air than cool, damp, rainy days when most pollen is washed to the g

lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

ed an intradermal skin test. It is more likely to be used when testing is being done to find out if you are allergy to something sp
the application of needles to precise points on the body. It is part of a general category of healing called traditional Chinese or

diseases (and possibly stroke) but these risk isn't as great as cigarette nonsmokers'. High blood cholesterol: As blood cholestero

diseases (and possibly stroke) but these risk isn't as great as cigarette nonsmokers'. High blood cholesterol: As blood cholestero

s erythematosus
 children their ageChildren with mild or moderate aortic stenosis may get worse as the get older. They also run the risk of deve
reatment to the chest, and some medications may cause aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis is not common. It occurs more often in

There is also a chance that the new or repaired valve may stop working which might require another surgery.
ther than regular follow up with a qualified cardiologist.The most common cause of aortic valve disease requiring surgery is cal
her sign of heart failure that may occasionally occur is swelling of your feet, particularly prominent later in the afternoon or eve

of blood clots forming but all are less durable than mechanical valves. Given enough time, they will probably all wear out. The o
ils to compensate, fluid will build up in the lungs creating congestion.When the aortic valve leaks, the heart has to work harder

tic arms during the surgery. The surgeon sees a three-dimensional view of the heart and aortic valve on the computer. This me

Shower and shampoo well. You may be asked to wash your whole body below your neck with a special soap. Scrub your chest t
n until you are well enough to go home.A temporary pacemaker may be placed in your heart if your heart rhythm becomes too
ceramic. These valves last the longest, but you will need to take blood-thinning medicine, such as warfarin (Coumadin) or aspi

day of your surgery. If you smoke, you must stop. Ask your doctor for help. Always let your doctor know if you have a cold, flu
begin a program to make your heart and body stronger.A temporary pacemaker may be placed in your heart if your heart rate

tricles beat abnormally, leading to an irregular (and usually fast) pulse. In atrial flutter, the ventricles may beat very fast, but in

p your blood from clotting. See also:Aspirin and heart disease. Clopidogrel (Plavix). Taking warfarin (Coumadin).If you are taking

eart Heart valve disease (most often the mitral valve) Medications Overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) Pericarditis Sick

f infective endocarditis.
y can harm fetal development. Alcohol use during pregnancy nearly doubles the likelihood of an atrial septal defect.

sweating, sudden gaining of eight, irregular/fast heartbeat)Partial atrioventricular canal defect: Signs/symptoms of a partial de

ring must have an atrioventricular canal defect evaluated by a cardiologist prior to pregnancy.

en missed.Beriberi can occur in breast-fed infants when the mother's body is lacking in thiamine. The condition can also affect i

more common among males than females.A bicuspid aortic valve often exists in babies with coarctation of the aorta and other d

uired) form of the disorder. Drugs that can induce an altered heart rhythm include medications used to treat some forms of arr

duction system). This can lead to irregular heart beating also known as arrhythmias and failure of the electrical impulses to con

otassium or other substancesHeart attack, or a damaged heart muscle from a past heart attackHeart disease that is present at
f infective endocarditis.

art rhythm (bradycardia) or problem with the electrical system of the heart (heart block)

damage the heart, such as hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, or amyloidosis Long-term alcoholism Long-term high blood pressureS

ormally, heart muscle cells called myocytes must tense (contract) and relax in a coordinated way. Both the RYR2 and CASQ2 pro

in Neck pain Stiff neckA sudden, severe headache is one symptom of an aneurysm that has ruptured. Other symptoms of an an

udden, severe pain in the chest and upper back. Inflammation or infection in the tissue around the heart (pericarditis) causes p
:You have a fever or a cough that produces yellow-green phlegm. You have chest pain that is severe and does not go away. You
or be sick to your stomach A sensation in which you can feel your heart beating irregularly or too fast: palpitations
 they can also be a part of various genetic and chromosomal syndromes such as Down syndrome, trisomy 13, Turner syndrome

for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as ear
e arms and legs. This is called congestive heart failure.The most common cause of heart failure is coronary artery disease (CAD)

e conditions such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, anemia, or vitamin deficiency. The prognosis of these conditions are g

mary pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary vascular disease Secondary pulmonary hypertension

ce and severity of CHD symptoms.The severity and location of blockages in your coronary arteries.Your response to other treat

rtbeat, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and breathing. A breathing tube is placed in your lungs through your throat. The tube is c
re or lung disease, or who drink excessive amounts of alcohol. These side effects often improve several months after surgery. U
the leg. This creates gentle pressure up the leg. The pressure keeps blood from pooling and clotting. While in the ICU, you'll als

d pressure, excess body fat around the waist, and increased insulin levels. People with this group of problems have an increased
A 2021 revascularization guideline recommends to consider the following factors to decide whether to chose PCI or CABG: SYN
is any bleeding.The blood is sent to a laboratory, where the following are measured:Low density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad" chol

rly heart disease (a history of heart attacks before age 55 in men, and before age 65 in women). Some experts recommend scre

ol pills. This risk is even higher if you smoke.

me. In the more common types of dextrocardia, heart defects are present in addition to the abnormal location of the heart. The

most common in adult men.

something stuck in the airways Croup EpiglottitisProblems with the heart: Heart attack or angina Heart defects from birth (cong

ght ventricle. When the blood gets backed up it can lead to heart swelling and fluid buildup in the lungs or liver. Sometimes, bl

, allowing oxygen-poor blood to travel to the rest of the body. Eisenmenger syndrome usually develops before a child reaches p

machine setting. further we have the ECG leads themselves of course, these will be discussed below.Note that the lay-out is diff

orms of congenital heart disease and adults with certain heart-valve conditions to take antibiotics before any dental work. Othe

nservative estimate of cost effectiveness.

d is estimated to be $8000 (personal communication, Dr. David Cohen). The cost of treating 200 patients with dabigatran woul

r of life saved, hemodialysis costs approximately $129,000 per year of life saved. (http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8
and mononucleosis Kidney disease Liver disease MalnutritionCertain medications may also cause drowsiness or fatigue, includin

n Sore throat Painful sexual intercourse Severe pain in lower abdomen (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stoma
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Gonorrhea is more common in large cities, inner-city areas, populations with

n with a sudden, crushing pain that is often shown on TV or in the movies. The warning signs and symptoms of a heart attack ar
 son with metabolic syndrome is twice as likely to develop heart disease and five times as likely to develop diabetes as someon

ny factors can cause acquired heart block. Examples include:Damage to the heart from a heart attack. This is the most common
cquired heart block can occur in people of any age. However, most types of the disorder are more common in older people. Thi

. You also should notify airport screeners. Your doctor can give you a card that states what kind of pacemaker you have. Carry t

conditions that damage the structures of the heart for example: Hardening or thickening of valves, as in mitral stenosis or aor

els of the neck and leg Have pulmonary hypertension (thickening of blood vessels in the lung) Smoke or abuse alcohol or drugs

efully is very important to preventing rejection.Biopsies of the heart muscle are often done every month during the first 6 to 12

MPS I H-S (Hurler-Scheie syndrome) MPS I S (Scheie syndrome)

ncluding birth control pills, estrogen, corticosteroids, certain diuretics, beta blockers, and certain anti-depressants Diseases suc

umference.Secondary hypertension by definition results from an identifiable cause. This type is important to recognize since it's
 s herbal teas and chewing tobaccos that contain licorice made with glycyrrhetinic acid (this substance is no longer used in licor

de of the heart must maintain the circulation for both the lungs and the body. The right ventricle can support the circulation to

This form most commonly affects older adults, those with high blood pressure, and persons with Parkinson's disease. NMH mos

have powerful magnets, talk to your doctor before having an MRI. Stay away from large motors, generators, and equipment. D

arrhythmia, ischemic ECG changes, and hypotension may all result following stent deployment.
ain Neck pain Stiff neckA sudden, severe headache is one symptom of an aneurysm that has ruptured. Other symptoms of an an

ne lymph node is swollen), particularly in the neck area Joint pain and swelling, frequently on both sides of the bodyAdditional

ding birth control pills, estrogen, corticosteroids, certain diuretics, beta blockers, and certain antidepressants Diseases such as d
resent on areas including the axilla, inguinal region, popliteal fossa, or along belt line. The rash may or may not be associated w
ode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Any individual traveling or living within these five geographic areas including New

Excess blood clotting Low levels of inflammation throughout the body

s, leaving an opening for blood to move backwards.Mitral valve prolapse is a relatively common cause of chronic mitral regurgi

irth (congenital), and almost always develop within the first 2 years of life. Symptoms include: Bluish discoloration of the skin o

ed with Graves disease.Mitral valve prolapse often affects thin women who may have minor chest wall deformities, scoliosis, o
the surgery. The surgeon sees a three-dimensional view of the heart and mitral valve on the computer. This method is very pr
procedure has many benefits. There is less pain, blood loss, and risk of infection. You will also recover faster than you would fr

shower and shampoo well. You may be asked to wash your whole body below your neck with a special soap. Scrub your chest t
heart and body stronger.A temporary pacemaker may be placed in your heart if your heart rate becomes too slow after surger
builds one or more of the three leaflets of the valve. The leaflets are flaps that open and close the valve.If your mitral valve is to
amaged by endocarditis (infection of the heart valve). You have received a new heart valve in the past, and it is not working we

ur surgery, shower and shampoo well. You may be asked to wash your whole body below your neck with a special soap. Scrub y
be asked to begin a physical therapy program to make your heart and body stronger.

cohol, cocaine, certain chemotherapy drugs, heavy metals, and catecholamines) Being around certain chemicals Certain diseas
 today work desk jobs compared to more active jobs in the past. People with less free time have less time to exercise.The term

any tests are done. Some medical equipment may interfere with your pacemaker. Stay away from large motors, generators, and

r failure. In these conditions, there is too much fluid in the body.Certain medications may also cause your legs to swell:Antidepr

e builds up in the coronary arteries, it can rupture. This can cause a blood clot to form on the plaque's surface and block blood
p (inflated). This opens the blocked vessel and restores proper blood flow to the heart.A wire mesh tube (stent) may then be pla

vention because the balloon briefly blocks blood supply to the heart.As with any procedure involving the heart, complications
n't take on the day of the percutaneous coronary intervention. When to arrive at the hospital and where to go.Even though per
daily when checking for signs of infection around the area where the tube was inserted. Signs of infection may include redness

e system Swelling or inflammation of the heart muscle Radiation therapy to the chest

the bed Skin that looks dark and blue Sores that do not heal
tube through a blood vessel in the patient's arm or groin to an artery in the heart and injects dye to see great vessles, atria and

t to breathe. The blood vessels to the lungs become permanently damaged. Over time, it becomes very hard for the heart to fo

r stiffening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy).

gen therapyPeople with certain clotting disorders also have a higher risk for developing a pulmonary embolism.

n birth defects of the heart Certain diet medications Congestive heart failure History of a blood clot in the lung (pulmonary emb
women. As the pulmonic valve becomes more narrow, the pressure increases inside the lower chamber of the heart (the right v

the legs. There is also a chance that the new or repaired valve may stop working which might require another surgery.

labsorptionThe deposits build up in the affected organs, causing them to become stiff, which decreases their ability to function

ncentration Restless and fitful sleep Frequent waking up during the night to urinate InsomniaIt is not uncommon for children w
n more than 10 seconds). This is called apnea.
A independently from obesity. Studies have shown that both obese and slender people with diabetes have reported difficulty br

mia, hypoglycemia
lking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, sudden severe headache with no known cause. Nervous system physical exam

upper arm and neck may cause blood clots in the superior vena cava.
may instinctively squat when they are short of breath. Squatting increases blood flow to the lungs. Tet spells are more common
) of bluish skin from crying or feeding.Tetralogy of Fallot is rare, but it is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart di

of bluish skin from crying or feeding.Tetralogy of Fallot is rare, but it is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart dis

y Dilated Alcoholic Hypertrophic Tachycardia-induced Restrictive Loeffler endocarditis Cardiac amyloidosis Endocardial fibroela

amples include:Damage to the heart from a heart attack. This is the most common cause of acquired heart block. Coronary hea

an inferior wall myocardial infarction typically resolves within 2 weeks. The escape rhythm typically originates in the AV juncti

nal changes Confusion or loss of memory Difficulty swallowing Difficulty writing or reading Lack of coordination and balance, clu
w could be due to a blood clot that occurs and then dissolves. The blockage breaks up quickly and dissolves.Less common cause

pear at birth or very soon afterward. How bad the symptoms are depends on the type and size of heart defects (such as atrial s
mone that damages the valve Marfan syndrome Injury Rheumatoid arthritis Radiation therapyAnother important risk factor for

of having a heart attack.Coronary artery spasm is a rare cause of angina.

e heart's walls and valves (the endocardium). This is called infective endocarditis.Coronary artery disease.Heart attack.

In some types, the vascular ring only partially encircles the trachea and esophagus, but it still can cause symptoms.

e or the use of certain medications such as clarithromycin, erythromycin and claritin.

Dissection can be caused by clogged arteries, conditions such as fibromuscular dysplasia, or injuries such a car accident. It may

ssant nefazodone amiodarone (a drug used to treat an irregular heartbeat) verapamil (a drug used to treat high blood pressure
mation of the pancreas; nausea; dizziness; tingling sensation; depression; gallstones; inflammation of the gallbladder.Tell your d

zosin for a few days or longer, call your doctor. Your doctor will have to start you again on the lowest dose of doxazosin and gr

lood levels. You should eat a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol (see SPECIAL DIETARY), exercise 30 minutes on mo

you take rivaroxaban you are likely to bruise more easily and it may take longer for bleeding to stop.You may have a higher risk

doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal suppleme
he same time to make up for the missed dose. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time. And take rivaroxaban 1 tim

is medicineThis medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
cin (Ketek), and tigecycline (Tygacil); anticoagulants such as argatroban (Acova), dabigatran (Pradaxa), bivalirudin (Angiomax), d

a purplish or darkened color to your skin, skin changes, ulcers, or an unusual problem in any area of your skin or body, or if you

nancy, birth control pills, or stress Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products Certain drugs (such as steroids, testosterone, estro

eam. Shave lightly and only when you have to. Stay out of the sun: Many acne medicines can make people more likely to sunbu
-purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." Eventually, the abscess breaks
purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." Eventually, the abscess breaks t

-purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." Eventually, the abscess breaks
purple lump, often on the jaw, from which comes the condition's common name, "lumpy jaw." Eventually, the abscess breaks t

Alopecia areata -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well. Anem

do you take, including over-the-counter drugs?Tests that may be performed (but are rarely needed) include:Blood tests to rule
nerves and may cause feeling disorders, movements disorders and even hemiplegia.

osis - invasive type is a serious infection with pneumonia that can spread to other parts of the body. This infection almost alway

nywhere on the body during a bad outbreak. Intense itching is common. Itching may start even before the rash appears. Atopic
Drying out of the skin from taking too many baths or showers and swimming too often Getting too hot or too cold, as well as s

ncer. People who live in areas that get high levels of UV radiation have a higher risk of skin cancer. In the United States, areas in
nt swelling and joint pain when joints are affected with inflammination. Vascular system: Inflammination may occur on veins an
get Behçet's disease. First, it is believed that abnormalities of the immune system make some people susceptible to the disease

ood vessels.
capillaries. Port wine stains on the face may be associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

ally transmitted disease. However, a small number of men will develop symptoms such as itching and a rash on the penis after
s result from exposing the skin to cold and typically last for half an hour Swelling of the hands when holding cold objects Swellin

aits. In rare cases, individuals can inherit a condition called familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome. After exposure to cold, p

ure (hypothermia) Poor feeding Seizures Shock Skin lesions, fluid-filled blistersHerpes that is caught in the period shortly after b

ness to open sores, depending on the type of irritant, the body part affected, and your sensitivity.Overtreatment dermatitis is

ours after exposure. The rash may:Have red bumps that may form moist, weeping blisters Feel warm and tender Ooze, drain, o
rmanent wave solutionsNickel or other metals (found in jewelelry, watch straps, metal zips, bra hooks, buttons, pocketknives, l

ections or bleeding.In general, symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis include:Skin lesions Plaques over large area Greasy, oily area

nal cord) when they are diagnosed. Cryptococcus is one of the most common life-threatening fungal infections in people with A
 pets that carry the fungus. Cats are common carriers.The fungus that causes ringworm thrive in warm, moist areas. Ringworm

erent, and it will bleed after attempts to remove or dislodge it. Fatal airway obstruction can result if the pseudomembrane exte

f these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP): Patients with XP are at higher risk of dysplastic nevus because they can not repair damage cau

States, HME is found mainly in the southern central states and the Southeast. HGE is found mainly in the Northeast and upper

rgans. The condition generally starts at birth or soon after.Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita usually appears in adults over age 50
ngue, mouth, eyes, gums, lips, fingers, and other parts of the body Before the blisters appear, the person may feel the skin ting
 you can also catch herpes from an infected person's skin when they have NO visible sores present (and the person may not ev

us changes in the cervix, cervical cancer, or anal cancer. These are called high-risk types of HPV. The following are important fa

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Alopecia areata -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well. Anem

do you take, including over-the-counter drugs?Tests that may be performed (but are rarely needed) include:Blood tests to rule

ve hepatitis C. When a person has the virus for more than six months the illness is called chronic hepatitis C.Most people with c
d safe and only cracked or bleeding nipples may be a problem.Sexual transmission rates of hepatitis C are very low, but the risk
piercing or tattoos done with non-sterile instruments People with known exposures to the hepatitis C virus, such as healthcare w

and considering overall health maintenance.You should also:Consult your doctor who will monitor your condition and, if necess

nd sexual Percutaneous (injecting drug use, haemophiliacs) Permucosal (sexual) Rare perinatalHDV is transmitted percutaneous
are linked to HPV. Anal cancer: About 95% are linked to HPV. Oropharyngeal cancer: About 60% are linked to HPV.

nstance, a cervical cancer may be cured if diagnosed and operated on early, while if it is only caught late in its course, it may ha

ations and substances of abuse Glucose control disorders Heart disease Hyperthyroidism Lung disease Menopause Parkinson’s

the skin. Impetigo is contagious, meaning it can spread to others. You can catch this infection if the fluid that oozes from the bl
 tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

ults may include:Bone pain Chest pain Cough Fever General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Increased amount of
n. It most often affects those ages 30 to 40, usually cigarette smokers.

k, ashen skin Thinning hair Vomiting (children) Weight loss

g from the Persian Gulf.

onths. Growths on the skin. Thick, stiff or dry skin. Severe pain. Numbness on affected areas of the skin. Muscle weakness or p
g from lack of sensation.The disease is common in many countries worldwide, and in temperate, tropical, and subtropical clima
of all adults are naturally unable to get the disease, even if they’ve been exposed to the bacteria that causes it. In the southern

mptoms include:Dry mouth Hair loss Metallic taste in the mouth Ridges in the nails (nail abnormalities)

tch marks Scaling

HIV progression, preceding AIDS-related complex and full-blown AIDS.

carriage, give birth prematurely, or have a low-birth-weight baby. In developing countries, where malnutrition and vitamin A de

A person with any of these symptoms should seek medical care as early as possible.
a pigmentosum (XP): Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are at a higher risk of developing melanoma because they can

ns. Ideally, the Mohs section should include 100% of the epidermal margin, but greater than 95% is often accepted. Unfortuna
er or infection) may cause clubbing. Kidney disease can cause a build-up of nitrogen waste products in the blood, which can dam

arge, soft tumors called plexiform neurofibromas, which may have a dark color and may spread under the surface of the skin Pa

Unsightly or painful warts can be treated. Warts around and under your nails are much more difficult to cure than warts in oth

s to tendons and joints.

dermic: The skin redness is very intense and covers a large area. Guttate: Small, pink-red spots appear on the skin. Inverse: Skin
psoriasis may be severe in people who have a weakened immune system. This may include persons who have:AIDS Autoimmu

ection is from bacteria that live in the top layers of the skin. Appears as red sores that turn into blisters, ooze, then crust over. S

ur rash, treatments may include medicated creams or lotions, medications taken by mouth, or skin surgery.Many primary care

al bumps on the tongue look bigger.Other less common signs of illness include:Feeling sick to your stomach (nausea) and throw

stance that looks like toothpaste Sores (ulcers) on the fingertips or toes Tight and mask-like skin on the faceBone and muscle sy
ections or bleeding.In general, symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis include:Skin lesions Plaques over large area Greasy, oily area

ess, and a rash involving different parts of your face if shingles affects a nerve in your face.

caused by sunlight.Chemical exposure: Work exposure to large amounts of arsenic, tar, coal, or paraffin increases the risk of sq

disease, and post-pregnancy.

mmon in the United States. Most cases seen in North America are brought by travelers who have visited or lived in South Ame

n exposure, and significant temporary disability is experienced by millions of sunburned people each year.
ations and substances of abuse Glucose control disorders Heart disease Hyperthyroidism Lung disease Menopause Parkinson’s

kin: lupus, erythematosus, subacute; Papulosquamous diseases Skin: lupus, erythematosus; Papulosquamous diseases Skin: lup

ns on soles of feet -- flat to slightly raised -- painful to pressure Small, hard, flat or raised skin lesion or lump
Unsightly or painful warts can be treated. Warts around and under your nails are much more difficult to cure than warts in oth

ype may cause death even before its symptoms occur. Symptoms may include:Fever Chills Nausea Vomiting Extreme weakness
 onia, they may cough droplets containing the plague bacteria into the air. If these bacteria -containing droplets are breathed in

Rapid growth during childhood, but shorter than average final height Infertility Low bone density

stulous connections between the urinary tract and vagina.

blood will react against type B or type AB blood A patient with type B blood will react against type A or type AB blood A patient

rectal abscess Bartholin's abscess Brain abscess Epidural abscess Peritonsillar abscess Pyogenic liver abscess Skin abscess Spina

due to enlarged sinuses and vocal cords sleep apnea—breaks in breathing during sleep due to obstruction of the airway excess
timulates the liver to produce another hormone called insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). IGF-I is what actually causes tissue gro
nts.In addition, if one starts coughing mucus tinged with blood, one should see a doctor. In rare cases, doctors may conduct tes
ng gums, purplish patches in the skin, or tiny red spots under the skin)-Swelling or discomfort in the abdomen (from a swollen s

It causes swelling, bleeding (hemorrhage), and damage to the blood vessels.In children, this disorder may be associated with:A

u have touched something contaminated by the virus, such as a toy or doorknob.The disease is most contagious for the first 2-

more severe in children than in adults. In women, menstrual periods may become irregular or stop. Because the symptoms pro
d mineralocorticoid (aldostertone) hormones are lacking. Sometimes only the adrenal gland is affected, as in idiopathic adrenal

n identification card outlining treatment is also suggested.

not get HIV:By working with or being around someone who has HIV. From sweat, spit, tears, clothes, drinking fountains, phones

dgment Light-headedness or fainting, especially when standing Paleness Rapid heart rate (tachycardia) when rising to standing
for the disease to develop.

at least mild symptoms. Some people who stay at this height can develop pulmonary or cerebral edema.

he brain will not use the image from the weaker eye. This eye, through lack of use, gradually loses its ability to function.The sec
es one part of the body first, such as the arm or hand Eventually leads to difficulty lifting, climbing stairs, and walking Paralysis S

irth, they may have normal female sex characteristics, both male and female sex characteristics, or normal male sex characteri

omach ulcers) Poor diet Pregnancy Problems with bone marrow such as lymphoma, leukemia, or multiple myeloma Problems w

use their brain injury is not near the parts of the brain that control movement.2. Broca’s aphasia: A type of non-fluent aphasia
 inflammatory disease and other gynecological disorders Intestinal adhesions ConstipationDiseases with similar symptomsAcco

appendicitis resolves spontaneously, it remains controversial whether an elective interval appendectomy should be performed

nkylosing spondylitis Gonococcal arthritis Gout Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (in children) Other bacterial infections (nongonoco
potentially cause the development of various forms of arthritis. Occupation: Certain occupations involving repetitive knee ben

re they lay eggs that are present in feces. They can live 10 – 24 months. It is estimated that 1 billion people are infected worldw

move their ovaries.Some women develop the condition immediately after childbirth or while breastfeeding, since estrogen level

r tasks or activities Is easily distracted Is often forgetful in daily activitiesHyperactivity symptoms:Fidgets with hands or feet or
ave a psychiatric problem, such as depression or bipolar disorder.

e.Communication problems may include:Cannot start or maintain a social conversation Communicates with gestures instead of
re worried that some vaccines are not safe and may harm their baby or young child. They may ask their doctor or nurse to wait
types of avian influenza infection have been reported since 1997. Most cases of avian influenza infection in humans have resul

ligaments that support the spine, and they can occur from twisting or lifting improperly. Fractured vertebrae are often the resu
he back.Heredity: Some causes of back pain, such as ankylosing spondylitis, a form of arthritis that affects the spine, have a gen

and difficulty eating or drinking.

e illness, headaches, chronic middle ear infection, high blood pressure, diabetes, sarcoidosis, tumors, Lyme disease, and trauma
ng decisions Eating problems Loss of appetite and weight loss Overeating and weight gain Fatigue or lack of energy Feeling wor
e II or cyclothymia may be wrongly diagnosed as having depression.In most people with bipolar disorder, there is no clear cause

r picking at skin blemishes for hours on end Wanting dermatological treatment or cosmetic surgery, even when professionals b

in African American children.

ny heredity cancer syndromes, congenital childhood diseases, or previous radiation exposure (2).
ing Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies, which can be found at http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/Taking-Part-in-Canc

mmune defenses are less successful, the person develops a fever or other symptoms, such as headache, nausea and vomiting, a

dary peritonitis and appendicitis.Mechanical causes of a bowel obstruction may include:Abnormal tissue growth Adhesions or s

om a nearby infected area (for example, an ear infection) or enter the body during an injury (such as a gun or knife wound) or su
 rs. These are called mixed gliomas. Glioblastomas are the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor.Meningiomas are anoth

woman's risk of breast cancer is higher if her mother, sister, or daughter had breast cancer. The risk is higher if her family memb

diameter and has spread to axillary lymph nodes in the US (The American Cancer Society) 56% of women survive breast cancer
menstrual period.Other causes of breast lumps include:Breast cancerInjury -- sometimes if your breast is badly bruised, there w

) Cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing Fever Intercostal retractions Nasal flaring in infants Rapid breath
Living in crowded conditions Lack of breast-feeding Prematurity (being born before 37 weeks gestation)

mptoms is typically 2 to 10 days, but may be as short as a few hours for pneumonic plague.

om right after meals Suddenly eating large amounts of food or buying large amounts of food that disappear right away
 Other causes include:performing assembly line work Sewing Driving Assembly line work Painting Writing Use of tools (especial

mes years later. Congenital cataract Some babies are born with cataracts or develop them in childhood, often in both eyes. Thes

n Arthritis Bone loss or osteoporosis Depression or anxiety Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet Seizures Missed menstru

n become cancer cells. A vaccine for females ages 9 to 26 protects against two types of HPV infection that cause cervical cance
m. It also is important for you to continue getting a Pap test regularly, even if you think you are too old to have a child, or are n
ga, swimming, and other activities can keep you strong and increase your energy. Exercise may reduce nausea and pain and ma
e children may still develop a mild case of chickenpox. Recovery is usually much quicker and they are left with only a few pox (f
ox vaccine are not very likely to get chickenpox before they are 1 year old. If in case the children get chickenpox, it's often a mil

dings in urban areas.

ngiocarcinoma.
ischarge from the nipple. If the discharge is clear, red, or bloody, talk to your health care provider right away.

ons, not explained by any known disorder Sore throat Sore lymph nodes in the neck or under the arms
care provider.

n spreads to other parts of the body, including the skin, brain, bones, and heart. Meningitis occurs in up to half of all people wit

m at least 19 different chromosomes and many different genes (as shown online at the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (
py being defective is 5%, but the probability that two copies are both defective is 0.05 × 0.05 = 0.0025, or just 0.25%.In additio

parents. About 1% of all colorectal cancers are due to FAP.Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC): Clinical survey sugg

u have touched something contaminated by the virus, such as a toy or doorknob.The disease is most contagious for the first 2-

d changes in the skin Nails that are cracked and break more easily Pain that is becoming worse Slower hair growth Stiff joints an
directly to a nerve Injury or infection in an arm or legRarely, sudden illnesses such as a heart attack or stroke can cause CSPS. Th
ins with one eye, but may spread easily to the other. Viral conjunctivitis is commonly known as "pink eye." Bacterial conjunctiv
t be treated immediately to preserve eyesight. Additionally, neonatal conjunctivitis is a red eye in a newborn caused by irritatio

angry that she wanted to hit someone. Instead of allowing herself to have violent thoughts about hitting someone, she may exp

acks that are triggered by stress, exposure to sunlight, or any condition that impairs the immune system.Fusarium - These fung

SeizuresIn addition, there is a 15% chance that children and young adults with Costello syndrome suffer from malignant, solid tu
of benign and malignant tumors. It remains unclear how mutations in the HRAS gene cause the other features of Costello synd

forces the head to grow long and narrow, instead of wide. Babies with this type of craniosynostosis tend to have a broad foreh

sible for the disease in cows is believed to be the same one responsible for vCJD in humans.New variant CJD accounts for less th

mosome abnormality from an unaffected parent. In these cases, the parent carries a chromosomal rearrangement called a bala

olves several factors: the genes the patient has inherited, the immune system itself, and the environment. Foreign substances,
nd, sometimes, erectile dysfunction. Other common signs and symptoms include:Severe fatigue Weak muscles Hypertension H
secrete adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands. When the adrenals, which are located just

emoved? Did the Wikipedia legal counsel ask that oversight be applied? Is there any log to show when oversight actions are tak

op speech patterns or behaviors Emotional or personality changes Anger Agitation Anxiety Apathy Depression Euphoria Irritabi

vous Feeling shaky Headache Insomnia (difficulty falling and staying asleep) Irritability or excitability Loss of appetite Nausea Pa

outinesAs the dementia becomes worse, symptoms are more obvious and interfere with the ability to take care of yourself. The
d glucose, sodium, and calcium levels Low vitamin B12 levels Normal pressure hydrocephalus Use of certain medications, includ

depression:Acting-out behaviors (missing curfews, unusual defiance) Criminal behavior (such as shoplifting) Irresponsible beha
oth physical and sexual Lack of social skills Learning disabilities Long-term illness Poor parenting or caregiving Stressful life eve

d stroke. Symptoms of depression may occur as part of dementia (Alzheimer's disease). Symptoms of depression are also a side
H. The kidneys ’ ability to respond to ADH can be impaired by drugs —like lithium, for example—and by chronic disorders includ

gh fluids, or you drink fluids that contain sugar, the kidneys can no longer get rid of the extra glucose. Glucose levels in the bloo

revent constipation by making stools soft and easy to pass.Constipation —or hard stool—may cause people to strain when pass

tor may order one of the following radiologic tests:Abdominal ultrasound. Sound waves are sent toward the colon through a ha
genital cutaneous amebiasis.

r than the body's immune system.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is rare in children.

a family history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

, causing your period to be later or earlier and heavier than normal.Other changes in hormones may also cause changes in your

ttle or no progression.Dystonias are sometimes classified according to the parts of the body they affect:Generalized dystonia aff
0% chance of being a carrier. In dystonia, however, a carrier may or may not develop a dystonia and the symptoms may vary wi

people. Infection can also occur if broken skin or mucous membranes of a healthy person come into contact with environment
) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).Some ectopic pregnancies can be due to:Birth defects of the fallopian tubes Complication

ness or paralysis Seizures Severe headache Sudden change in mental functions: "Flat" mood, lack of mood, or mood that is inap
ause encephalitis include:Adenovirus Coxsackievirus Cytomegalovirus Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Echovirus West Nile vir

are exposed to estrogen for a longer time and have an increased risk of endometrial cancer.Never being pregnant is also a risk f
hlamydia. The rate of sexually transmitted orchitis or epididymitis is higher in men ages 19 - 35. It is a major cause of hospital a

ymptoms usually occur within minutes to hours after a head injury and indicate an emergency situation.
essure). This pressure may result in additional brain injury.An extradural hemorrhage is an emergency because it may lead to p

e United States since the H. influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine became a routine childhood immunization in the late 1980s.

ymptom in some patients.Weight loss: This occurs because swallowing problems prevent patients from eating enough to maint

nto the stomach and tends to collect in the esophagus, causing the esophagus above this muscle to become dilated. People wit
cans and Asian Americans to develop NHL. Worldwide, NHL is more common in developed countries, with the United States an

ncies Damage to the brain or central nervous system, which may cause feeding difficulties in an infant Heart or lung problems,

hile he or she has the rash.

deficiencies, who have received an organ transplant, or who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at risk for

m Eating overcooked food Poor diet (often seen in the poor, the elderly, and people who do not eat fresh fruits or vegetables)

follicular thyroid cancer are usually found in people between the ages of 20 and 60 years.
stry than to human health. Farmers around the world can lose huge amounts of money during a foot-and-mouth epizootic, wh
han 5 hours Nausea and vomiting Fever —even low-grade—or chills Yellowish color of the skin or whites of the eyes Clay-color

egin suddenly and quickly worsen.If the condition is not treated, the person can develop shock with decreased blood pressure (

ur in children or adults.

rnational travelers People exposed to human feces (poop) through sexual contact

s unknown. An increase in eye pressure occurs slowly over time. The pressure pushes on the optic nerve and the retina at the b
natomy.In some people with certain combinations of these high-risk factors, medicines in the form of eye drops reduce the risk
ommon among blacks than whites. Men are more likely to have this disorder than women.A form of this disorder is common in

test or accident.

er in which some parts of the skin are not pigmented—are among the conditions associated with Graves’ disease.

nths or more old. This is called late-onset GBS disease.GBS now occurs less often, because methods to screen and treat pregna

months or more old. This is called late-onset GBS disease.GBS now occurs less often, because methods to screen and treat preg

ss bone structure: Patients with growth hormone deficiency may occur weakening osteoporosis. Less mental functions and soc

e same time May get worse over 24 to 72 hours May occur in the nerves of the head only May start in the arms and move dow
drome may occur along with viral infections such as:AIDS Herpes simplex MononucleosisIt may also occur with other medical c
dition called type 1 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA I), along with:Adrenal insufficiency Fungal infections of the mou
skin lose their natural color Rheumatoid arthritis Addison’s disease, in which the adrenal glands are damaged and cannot produ
e, chin, or neck. Oropharynx and hypopharynx. Ear pain. Nasopharynx. Trouble breathing or speaking, frequent headaches, pain
es, such as wood or nickel dust inhalation. Tobacco and alcohol use may play less of a role in this type of cancer. Nasopharynx.

lymph node metastases, and M is the presence or absence of distant metastases. The T, N, and M characteristics are combine

dy hair Shortness of breathAlthough not a physical symptom, another possible indication of hemochromatosis is having an elev
nd is said to be a “carrier” of the genetic condition. Although a carrier usually does not have hemochromatosis, if both a mothe
r multivitamins with iron can speed up the rate at which iron builds up in the body. Persons with hemochromatosis should not

Certain infections Side effects from medicationsTypes of hemolytic anemia:Secondary immune hemolytic anemia Idiopathic au

All female children of men with hemophilia carry the defective gene. Genetic testing is available for concerned parents.Rarely,

y the defective gene.

possibly enter a coma.Patients with hepatic encephalopathy are often not able to care for themselves because of these sympto
ccur suddenly in people who previously had no liver problems when damage occurs to the liver. More often, the condition is se
ny risk factors for either type of hepatitis, you should be tested regularly.
see also:Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Drug-induced hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hep

ave relapses up to 6 months after the onset of the disease. Unlike other instances of hepatitis (such as Hepatitis C), HAV is alwa
omeone who has HAV. Indirect transmission Eating uncooked food that is HAV -contaminated. Cooked food can also cause hepa

pain Extreme fatigue Fever, low-grade Muscle and joint pain Nausea and vomiting Dark urine Yellowing of the skin and eyes (ja
or variable periods of time.Hepatitis B infection can be spread through having contact with the blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and
ng on hemodialysis Having multiple sex partners Men having sex with menMost of the damage from the hepatitis B virus occur

cancer die within months of diagnosis. In high-income countries, surgery and chemotherapy can prolong life for up to a few ye

on. Undescended testicles.

es than in females. Hirschsprung's disease is sometimes associated with other inherited or congenital conditions such as Down s

not get HIV:By working with or being around someone who has HIV. From sweat, spit, tears, clothes, drinking fountains, phones
emonstrates that Hodgkin's lymphoma is most common in western countries such as the United States, Canada and northern E

ing tests for years after your treatment. This helps your doctor check for signs of the cancer returning, and for any long-term tr

tients who are more prone to getting hospital-acquired pneumonia:Are alcoholicHave had chest surgery or other major surgery

up to 5 hours on countertops and for several hours on used tissues.

form usually develop symptoms in their mid 30s and 40s.An early-onset form of Huntington's disease accounts for a small num

Rh incompatibility.
thyroidism" generally refers to primary hyperparathyroidism.Secondary hyperparathyroidism is when the body produces extra

strate the prognosis. The lower the concentrations are, the better outcomes will be.Template:WH Template:WS
Rapid labor.The risk of Infant RDS may be decreased if the pregnant mother has chronic, pregnancy-related high blood pressure

Obesity Older age Ovarian cysts and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Pelvic infection or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Scar

n Kidney stones Liver inflammation Loss of appetite Pain with passing stool (tenesmus) Rectal bleeding and bloody stools Skin r
ase the immune system can't tell the difference between good substances and foreign invaders. The result is an overactive imm

and varies wildly between patients - a few have never experienced a flare-up.
er.Other symptoms may include:Loss of appetite Muscle aches and stiffness Stuffy, congested nose Sweating Worsening of und
en. Most children with high blood insulin levels have many areas of overactive insulin-releasing cells in the pancreas, instead o

nia (BOOP). Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP). Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP). Nonspecific interstitial pneum

s. The higher the grade, the more severe the bleeding.Grades 1 and 2 involve a small amount of bleeding and do not usually ca

al (such as if you are pregnant or breastfeeding)Iron loss can be due to bleeding. Common causes of bleeding are:Heavy, long, o

3 times better when it is in breast milk.Cow’s milk is a common cause of iron deficiency. It contains less iron than many other f

een seen in apparently healthy babies.

that phenacetin (non-prescription pain reliever) and diuretics (medicines uesd to treat hypertension or heart failure by causin
Calcium stones are most common. They occur more often in men than in women, and usually appear between ages 20 - 30. The

nguage. Some children develop a type of gestural communication or sign-like language. The communication problems may lead

he same age Leave words out of sentences when talking Use certain phrases over and over again, and repeat (echo) parts or al
rders are rarely caused by a lack of intelligence.Language disorders are different than delayed language.With delayed language
t 36 months: does not follow 2-step directions, and does not understand action wordsAlso call if you notice these signs that yo
reak of leptospirosis is reported in Bronx, New York and found 3 cases in the months January and February, 2017.

dophila pneumoniae. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is sometimes seen in people whose immune system is impaired (due to

e microscope and identify the type.Computed tomography CT scan and biopsy: Local CT scans are often used to diagnose soft ti

eriosis usually has fever and muscle aches, often preceded by diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms. Almost everyone w
ckaging or even at the deli counter.Also, be aware that Mexican-style cheeses (such as queso fresco) made from pasteurized m
n half (58%) of Listeria infections occur among adults 65 and older.Adults 65 years and older are about 4 times more likely than

risk of lung cancer:High levels of air pollution High levels of arsenic in drinking water Radon gas Asbestos Family history of lung
. The risk of lung cancer from radon is even higher for smokers. For more information, see the NCI fact sheet Radon and Cancer
s and Asian Americans to develop NHL. Worldwide, NHL is more common in developed countries, with the United States and E
can generally see well enough to walk and perform most routine activities. If the loss of these light-sensing cells becomes grea

g the disease. Gender: Women appear to be at greater risk than men. Diet: Diets high in fat may increase the risk of macular de

sychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions.

s, such as colon cancerBLOOD DISORDERSSevere anemiaPSYCHIATRICDepression DysthymiaMEDICATIONSAnticonvulsant (antis

m a mother to her unborn baby (congenitally) and by blood transfusions.Malaria can be carried by mosquitoes in temperate cl
and lack access to health care
ollicular thyroid cancer is usually found in people between the ages of 20 and 60 years.

group of items.Memory loss may be short-term (called transient).Causes of memory loss include:Alcohol or ilicit drug intoxicati

urse Vaginal infections Joint aches (joint pains) Irregular heartbeat (palpitations) Pain, discomfort, or burning sensation when p
called surgical menopause). Chemotherapy and anti-estrogen treatment for breast cancer are other examples. Symptoms can b

ntrol Recent trauma, surgery, or other uterine procedure Infection in the uterus (pelvic inflammatory disease) Bleeding disorde

ses of mental retardation can be roughly broken down into several categories:Infections (present at birth or occurring after birt

emoglobin protein itself. Only one parent needs to pass on the abnormal gene for the child to inherit the disease.Acquired met
 e possible role that camels, bats, and other animals may play in the transmission of MERS-CoV.

eep or too much sleep Sensory stimuli, including bright lights, sun glare, loud sounds, unusual smells such as perfume, paint thi

dications. Infants and the elderly are also at higher risk.Your risk for catching TB increases if you:Are around people who have th
:Change in sleep patterns, often waking up at night Difficulty doing basic tasks, such as preparing meals, choosing proper clothi
ot all strokes need to be "silent." Larger strokes that have clear affects on strength, sensation, or other brain and nervous syste

care she gives her child. She is often seen as devoted and self-sacrificing, which can make medical professionals unlikely to susp
ufferer to lie down. Vertigo attacks can lead to severe nausea, vomiting, and sweating and often come with little or no warning.
f the canal, called the endolymphatic sac, becomes swollen. This sac helps filter and remove fluid in the semicircular canals.The

ds and can be missed. Your head will suddenly fall forward, your jaw will become slack, and your knees will buckle. In severe ca

Rapid labor.The risk of Infant RDS may be decreased if the pregnant mother has chronic, pregnancy-related high blood pressure
 in entrance. Direct infiltration of the spinal nerve roots (dorsal and ventral) has also been documented. Cancer spread a neural
followed by stereotactic radiosurgery compared with radiosurgery alone. Primary brain cancer always poses a risk for the deve

n the trunk has been documented to have a poor prognosis, but intra-CSF administration of chemotherapy significantly improv

s disruption results in blood and protein appearing in the urine, and the buildup of excess fluid in the body. Swelling occurs whe

IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis etc. Secondary Nephrotic syndrome is also associated with post streptococcal glomeruloneph

udden loss of muscle tone which may lead to falls (cataplexy) Tremors Trouble moving the eyes up and down (vertical supranuc
ic groups but it is most common among Puerto Ricans of Spanish descent.Type D Niemann-Pick involves a defect that interfere

omiting.If the cancer affects cells in the brain, the person may have a headache, concentration problems, personality changes,
if there are certain proteins or genetic markers present.According to the American Cancer Society, a person has a 1 in 50 chan
Hodgkin lymphoma occurs slightly more often in men than in women. Geography: Worldwide, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more

they are not able to control a situation. This can interfere with their ability to solve problems and form close relationships.Som
egnancy may have opisthotonus due to alcohol withdrawal.

or fillings). Some oral cancers begin as a white plaque (leukoplakia) or as a mouth ulcer. Recently, an infection with HPV (huma

rosis Normal pressure hydrocephalus Parkinson's disease Pick's diseaseDementia due to metabolic causesDrug and alcohol-rel
ectal cancer has higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. These may also be inherited mutated of some gene. Talcum powder:

m cysts. Spotting or bleeding may occur with some cysts.

king fertility drugs can cause a condition called ovarian hyperstimulation, in which multiple large cysts are formed on the ovarie

y medicines by mouth.OHSS affects up to 10% of women who go through in vitro fertilization. In most cases the condition is mi

o do not. Being male -- More men than women are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Being African American -- African Americ
e very high. High bilirubin levels can result from cancer or from noncancerous conditions. CT scan (Computed tomography) -- An
tion of shortness of breath or smothering Sweating, chills, or hot flashes Trembling or shakingPanic attacks may change behavio

athyroidism" generally refers to primary hyperparathyroidism.Secondary hyperparathyroidism is when the body produces extra

steps and shuffle with the feet close together. They also have trouble in turning around and keeping balance. These abnormitie
 reases the rate of bone destruction.

legs buckle. You may trip over your toes. Doing tasks such as buttoning a shirt may be harder. You may also notice your muscle
nnel syndrome Being exposed to cold temperatures for a long period of time Pressure from bad-fitting casts, splints, a brace, or

rom each parent to get it.Common causes of pernicious anemia include:Weakened stomach lining (atrophic gastritis) The body
ors Inappropriate behavior Inability to function or interact in social or personal situations Problems with personal hygiene Repe

l dysfunction and loss of muscle mass in men Hypothyroidism Cold intolerance Constipation Depressed mood Dry skin Fatigue H

en who have:Abnormally developed uterus Many previous pregnancies Multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.) Scarring of the

dophila pneumoniae. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is sometimes seen in people whose immune system is impaired (due to

ffness of the back, arms, legs, abdomen Skin rash or lesion with pain VomitingSymptoms usually last 1 - 2 weeks.Fever 5 - 7 days

en occurs after someone travels to a region where the disease is common. Thanks to a massive, global, vaccination campaign o
s the symptoms of PCOS? The ovaries are two small organs, one on each side of a woman's uterus. A woman's ovaries have fol

t attack than women of the same age without PCOS. Women with PCOS are at greater risk of having hypertension. Women with

ng outbursts of anger Having trouble falling or staying asleepYou might feel guilt about the event (including survivor guilt). You

tell your doctor about them right away.) Worry intensely about the baby, or have little interest in the baby

amily, friends, or your significant other

Thin, smooth, shiny skin, which is often transparent (can see veins under skin)Not all premature babies will have these charact

remature ovarian failure increases your risk of developing this disorder.

s sleeping Trouble concentrating

sion Difficulty concentrating Fatigue Feelings of sadness or hopelessness Feelings of tension, anxiety, or edginess Forgetfulness

r your water breaks (membranes rupture).Also call if you are in the last half of your pregnancy and notice the baby is moving le

tes Certain medicines

 omiting.If the cancer affects cells in the brain, the person may have a headache, concentration problems, personality changes,
are certain proteins or genetic markers present.According to the American Cancer Society, a person has a 1 in 50 chance of de
Hodgkin lymphoma occurs slightly more often in men than in women. Geography: Worldwide, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more

king about gambling, such as remembering past experiences or ways to get more money with which to gamble

ate cancer. Although there is not enough data yet to make clear recommendations on the role diet plays in prostate cancer, the

transaminase levels suggest alcohol-induced hepatitis. Blood alcohol level: Because many patients of pseudo-Cushing's syndrom

to PTH only in the kidneys. Type Ib is less understood than type Ia. Type II is very similar to type I in its clinical features, but the
er are between 30 and 70 years old. This disease is occasionally seen in children, especially those who live on a farm. In infected

duals may be free of fever for up to 2 weeks before it returns.In both forms, the fever episode may end in "crisis." This consists
nacetin (non-prescription pain reliever) and diuretics (medicines uesd to treat hypertension or heart failure by causing the kidn

floaters and/or light flashes, or a dark curtain over the field of vision.

by repetitive hand motions like hand wringing or constant placement of hands in mouth Loss of social engagement Ongoing, sev

ncy of a girl with Rett syndrome may be mid-40s. Death is often related to seizure, aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and acc

ldren she has afterwards who are also Rh-positive may be affected.Rh incompatibility develops only when the mother is Rh-ne

ute sinusitis is caused by damage to the lining of the sinuses from surgery or infections. Chronic sinusitis may be caused by bac

cygeal teratoma. It can confirm the location of the tumor and show the organs nearby. These are helpful for determining the st

he feces of some pets, especially those with diarrhea, and people can become infected if they do not wash their hands after co

develops arthritis. Other possible complication is typhoid fever, a more serious disease caused by a certain strain of Salmonella
ss Seeing or hearing things that aren't there (hallucinations) Social isolation Speaking so quickly that others cannot interrupt yo

nding on the type of schizophrenia you have.Paranoid schizophrenia symptoms may include:Anxious Angry or argumentative Fa

ymptoms in their teens or early adulthood. In addition, patients with NF2 usually develop multiple brain and spinal cord relate

n there is a defect in a gene that normally prevents tumors from forming. The cause of the genetic defect is not known. Howev

ove phosphate.Other causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism may include:Calcium deficiencyNot enough calcium in the diet

y stop after a few minutes, or continue for 15 minutes. They rarely continue longer.
h as encephalitis or meningitis Fever leading to febrile convulsions (but see above) Metabolic disturbances, such as hypoglycae

and unsafe.Separation anxiety is a normal developmental stage. It helped keep our ancestors alive and helps children learn ho
ears when the temperature is below freezing.With other coronaviruses, re-infection (becoming infected and falling ill again) is c

blindness Strokes Skin ulcers

have at least 1 defective gene. If both of your parents have sickle cell trait, then there is a 25% chance that you will get sickle ce

can fill with fluid, causing severe shortness of breath and low blood oxygen levels.Progressive massive fibrosis can occur in eith
tions Heavy smoking Physical discomfort Daytime napping Counterproductive sleep habits: Early bedtimes Excessive time spen

p cycle, with bouts of fatigue punctuated with manic periods leading to daytime slumber and night-time insomnia. Without tre
and organ transplantation, although this is uncommon. Blood transfusion Sexual contact (might be possible, but happens rarel

) and cystic fibrosis (CF) Smoking and alcohol abuse Age: Small intestinal cancer becomes more common as people get older. G
sthesia. This technology makes the doctor to see the intestine a foot at a time and even take a biopsy if something abnormal. B

son experiences anxiety around almost everyone other than family members.Physical symptoms that often occur with social p

oduces detailed images of the body. Like computed tomography (CT), a contrast agent may be injected into a patient’s vein to

vers the defect Meningoceles, a condition where the tissue covering the spinal cord sticks out of the spinal defect but the spina
ending backwards or walking more than a few yards, especially if it is caused by spinal stenosisYou may also have weakness in
ack (thoracic) discs are rarely involved.Radiculopathy refers to any disease that affects the spinal nerve roots. A herniated disc
ase your risk of a herniated disc. Jobs that require prolonged sitting or standing in one position also may increase your risk of d

lmost 90% of elderly persons with SLEV disease develop encephalitis. The overall case-fatality ratio is 5 to 15%. The risk of fata

rowth of the lump.Abdominal lump - People can not find any lump at the beginning of the disease. When the cancer enlarges,
pickled food Smoke cigarettes Have a family history of stomach cancer

ydophila pneumoniae. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is sometimes seen in people whose immune system is not working we

ge from long-term alcohol use) Exposure to heavy metals, hydrocarbons, or toxic gases Overuse of drugs such as opiates, narco

ude:Eye blinking Jerking of the head or other body parts Jaw jerkingChildren with mild stuttering are often unaware of their stu

hout cause (spontaneously).

 Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1).

d on which organs have been affected. They vary widely and are difficult to diagnose. Symptoms of tertiary syphilis include:Card
philis).Syphilis has three stages:Primary syphilis Secondary syphilis Tertiary syphilis (the late phase of the illness)Secondary syp

ent fever may be the only symptom.

sing a microscope. Sleeping in a cold room or sleeping with the neck in an abnormal position may also trigger a tension headach

ormally, the testicles descend from inside the abdomen into the scrotum before birth. The risk of testicular cancer is increased
d risk of certain types of leukemia, as well as other types of cancer. Regular follow-up care ensures that changes in health are di

nvironment is provided by the same object which causes a puncture wound, delivering endospores to a suitable environment fo
ms:Thalassemia major Beta thalassemia major is also called Cooley's anemia. Thalassemia minor: You must inherit the defectiv

ed intravascular coagulation (DIC) Drug-induced nonimmune thrombocytopenia Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia Hyp

or fillings). Some oral cancers begin as a white plaque (leukoplakia) or as a mouth ulcer. Recently, infection with HPV (human p

ourette syndrome is different from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). People with OCD feel as though they have to do the b
ot or that their legs seem heavier than normal. Coordination of hand and arm movements, as well as arm and hand strength m
coplasma pneumoniae (bacterial pneumonia) have also been associated with the condition.In post-infectious cases of transver

idual cases is difficult. However, research has shown that a rapid onset of symptoms generally results in poorer recovery outco

titis or epididymitis from the infection.

rses. Develop TB disease again, after having taken TB medication previously. Immigrate from regions of the world where drug-r
 y also develop small areas of bleeding into the skin (petechiae).
es in a person who was previously infected. It is more common in the elderly. Lice and fleas of flying squirrels spread the bacter

anscarbamylase deficiency (OTC)As a group, these disorders occur in 1 in 30,000 newborns. Ornithine transcarbamylase deficie

r urinary tract Bowel incontinence Enlarged prostate, narrowed urethra, or anything that blocks the flow of urine Kidney stone

the the shift towards more progesterone during the pregnancy period.Obesity: Besides ovaries, estrogen can also be produced

ugh it is possible for just one fibroid to develop, usually there are more than one.Fibroids are often described by their location i

nly one eye. It is most common in young and middle-aged people.Intermediate uveitis usually occurs in young men and is gene
8) have been strongly associated with vaginal cancers. HIV infection: Clinical studies show human immunodeficiency virus (HIV

ay cause a thin, grey vaginal discharge and a fishy odor. An STI called trichomonas vaginitis infection is another common cause

s occur rarely and are not possible to predict There is generally no cure or established treatment for VHFs Seldom other viruses

Rabies virus West Nile virusRisk factors for aseptic meningitis include:Being a health care worker Having a weakened immune

anemia, which occurs when your body destroys cells that make intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin B12

var cancer. Smoking: Smoking can further increases the risk of developing vulvar cancer. Age: The risk of vulvar cancer goes up
a disease such as a swelling of the brain called encephalitis (say: en-seff-uh-lie-tuss) or swelling of the membrane around the br
ead through blood transfusions and organ transplants. It is possible for an infected mother to spread the virus to her child thro

position) Pressure to the upper arm from arm positions during sleep or coma Pinching of the nerve during deep sleep, such as w

ople Using pills to make themselves urinate (water pills or diuretics), have a bowel movement (enemas and laxatives), or to dec
diabetes complications including hypertension, retinopathy, and blood vessel changes.

human or animal). They must be careful about eating other foods containing galactose.

e watched closely after giving birth and at regular doctor's appointments to screen for signs of diabetes. Many women with ge
ere. A lack of enough iodine is still common in central Asia, the Andes region of South America, and central Africa.In most cases

feels like it is attached to the tissue Skin sore over the breast Bloody discharge from the nipple

aldosterone can result in hyperkalemia with an increase in total body potassium. Addison's disease is one disorder that causes r
many "low-salt" packaged foods.Hyperkalemia may be caused by medications, including medications that affect kidney functio

have diabetes.Hypoglycemia may also be caused by:Ingestion of alcohol Insulin-secreting tumor of the pancreas Liver disease
s can result in brittle, fragile bones that are more prone to fractures, even without injury. Usually, the loss occurs gradually ove

pogonadism Hyperprolactinemia Obesity Prader-Willi syndrome Polycystic ovarian disease Testicular feminization True hermap

ed, it is sometimes possible to create a menstrual-like situation (pseudomenstruation) with medications. Medicines can help yo

bucil Cyclophosphamide Phenothiazines

s or pituitary gland during or after surgery Idiopathic

eight. Most people who quit smoking gain 4 - 10 pounds in the first 6 months after quitting. Some gain as much as 25 - 30 poun

ntWeight gain caused by emotional problems may require psychological counseling. Talk to your health care provider about an
th sides or toward the back (flank area). Kidney cancer can sometimes cause a mass in the abdomen. Liver cancer can cause a fi

ore likely to be a sign of a problem in an organ, such as the appendix, gallbladder, or stomach. Cramp like pain is usually not se
tion of the pancreas) UlcersSometimes abdominal pain may be due to a problem somewhere else in your body, such as your ch
than 2 days Burning sensation when you urinate or frequent urination Diarrhea for more than 5 days Fever (over 100°F for adul

estive system. Parasites that cause diarrhea include Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium. Reaction to

s) Small bowel tumor Trauma or foreign body Vascular malformation (abnormal collections of blood vessels called arteriovenou
:Hyperplastic polyp, which rarely, if ever, develop into cancer Serrated polyp, which is less common, but may develop into canc

el movement dehydration specific diseases or conditions, such as stroke (most common) problems with the colon and rectum

cause of constipation.The clinical definition of constipation is having any two of the following symptoms for at least 12 weeks—

estive system. Parasites that cause diarrhea include Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium. Reaction to

ach meet (called Schatzki's ring) Abnormal spasms of the esophagus muscles Cancer of the esophagus Failure of the muscle ring
n: Experiencing abdominal pain due to gallbladder cancer is because advanced gallbladder cancer start to compress other nearb
ericans and Native Americans, particularly in the southwestern United States, are more likely to develop gallbladder cancer tha

n: Experiencing abdominal pain due to gallbladder cancer is because advanced gallbladder cancer start to compress other nearb
ericans and Native Americans, particularly in the southwestern United States, are more likely to develop gallbladder cancer tha

hat can worsen reflux symptoms include:Citrus fruits Chocolate Drinks with caffeine or alcohol Fatty and fried foods Garlic and
to your doctor.

the physician to diagnose.

and cannot be found even after medical tests.

x ray. After fasting for 12 hours, you will drink a thick liquid called barium, which coats the stomach, making it show up on the x
ng blood or black material? Do you have blood in your stools? Do you have black, tarry stools? Are there other symptoms with y

bs the normal functions of digestion. Vomiting blood: This symptom is attributed to many factors such as dysfunction of the liv

renal failure. In cirrhosis, urinary sodium is not a reliable guide to the development of ATN, as fractional sodium excretion may

parents. About 1% of all colorectal cancers are due to FAP.Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC): Clinical survey sugg

er the treatment. If the person is not able to swallow, a feeding tube will be needed. The recurrence risk in throat cancer is high
 ol. In other people, the movement inside the colon is too slow, which causes extra fluid to be absorbed. As a result, a person de

injures your small intestine may cause less of the lactase enzyme to be made. Treatment of these illnesses may improve the sy

bs the normal functions of digestion. Vomiting blood: This symptom is attributed to many factors such as dysfunction of the liv

my Transgastric partial hysterectomy Transgastric peritoneoscopy and staging Transgastric splenectomy Transrectal appendec

y to develop jaundice than full-term babies.Conditions that increase the number of red blood cells that need to be broken dow

the esophagus not closing properly. As a result, stomach acid leaks back into the esophagus. You might have GERD if you expe
s, or a reduction in the amount of platelets (thrombocytopenia), which can result in easy bruising and abnormal bleeding.Shwa
 crease), small, broad hands and feet with short fingers (brachydactyly) and curved-in 5th finger (fifth finger clinodactyly), and t

lorism, short stature, or a widow's peak hairline. A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked tra

ith bone growth, and are usually stillborn or die shortly after birth from respiratory failure.

ge adult height.Children may also have delayed mental and social development. Common problems may include:Impulsive beh

pea t) in the FMR1 gene.

dentify families at risk, investigate the problems present in the family, interpret information about the disorder, analyze inherit

nts' and children's headsA careful physical exam will be done. Other milestones for growth and development will be checked.In

Persons with PKD have multiple clusters of cysts form on the kidneys. The exact action that triggers cyst formation is unknown.
adolescence, or adulthood and are usually milder than those seen with the infantile form. Characteristic features include muscl

clude:Language problems, such as trouble finding the name of familiar objects Misplacing items Getting lost on familiar routes
isease have “late-onset” Alzheimer’s, which usually develops after age 60. Many studies have linked a gene called APOE to late

England centenarians. Interviews with centenarians include Lynn Adler ’s Centenarians: The Bonus Years and photographer Lia

coustic neuroma Age-related hearing loss Childhood infections, such as meningitis, mumps, scarlet fever, and measles Meniere

and impaired balance: In the later course of the disease, patients with Parkinson's disease are likely to take small steps and shu

size and location of the area. Sometimes a tissue sample from inside the cervix is removed. This is called endocervical curettag
er symptoms that can occur with this disease:Excessive hair growth Increased urinary frequency or urgency

er of the ovary Cushing's syndrome Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Hyperthecosis (a condition in which the ovaries produce to

h up on missed doses. (Note: Some experts do not recommend that women between ages 19 and 26 receive catch-up doses o

h up on missed doses. (Note: Some experts do not recommend that women between ages 19 and 26 receive catch-up doses o

t options. Less invasive procedures include:Uterine artery embolization Pelvic laparoscopy Endometrial ablation

g:Anadrol Chlorpromazine Diuretics Digitalis preparations Methyldopa (Aldomet) Spironolactone (Aldactone)Shingles can lead

drops after the baby's heart beat is detected.

hysterectomy (uterus and cervix removed) and do not have a history of cervical dysplasia (abnormal cells), cervical cancer, or
 ry tract infection.

s within a paragraph. Some editors find that this aids editing and improves the function diff (used internally to compare differen

clude:Feeding problems or reduced appetite, leading to poor growth Grayish skin Puffy eyes or face Tiredness all the time
and from the heart. These valves open up enough for blood to flow through. Then they close, keeping blood from flowing backw

n treatment, and to improve the overall quality of patient care. WikiDoc welcomes your involvement in contributing to this pro

m box type the name of the disease page you are creating. Click on the red arrows at the right side of the bottom box, and conti
other microchapter pages.The home page also contains links to the individual microchapter pages, in the appropriate order, as

Professional Background== ==Education== Medical Degree (MD) from King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan ==Brie
ection (target section) in page Heart murmur, edit the Holosystolic Murmur page and enter:If a spelling mistake occurs in a title

rk an edit as minor, which avoids inconvenience for other users. You will be able to keep track of changes to pages you are inte

ng that you would use to create these traditional sections:==What is pericarditis?== ==What are the symptoms of pericarditis?=

another redirect. This is called a double redirect. These redirects don't work, and they can create a slow, unpleasant experienc
ure ventricular complex; premature ventricular complexes; premature ventricular contraction; premature ventricular contracti
Click the save button at the bottom of the edit box.After you have created the redirect, test it out by searching for the redirect

alerted by email when changes are made to a topic they are interested in by clicking on the'Watch' tab.
ok is that information technology has leveled the playing field of knowledge workers. Silos of knowledge are coming down. Kno

another, and if there is more or less of one cell type.

osis Lymphocytic leukemia Multiple myeloma Viral infection (such as infectious mononucleosis, mumps, measles)A decreased p

gums, purplish patches in the skin, or tiny red spots under the skin) Swelling or discomfort in the abdomen (from a swollen sple

ght increases a person's risk of developing multiple myeloma. Race: Epidemiological data show multiple myeloma is almost twic

s any bleeding.
such as one due to improperly matched units of blood.The test is also abnormal in some people without any clear cause, especi
s any bleeding.The sample is sent to a laboratory where the targeted antibody (or antigen) is linked to an enzyme. If the target s

sed with lupus nephritis.SLE is most common in women ages 20 - 40.

system falsely identifies a protein in antiserum as a potentially harmful substance (antigen). The result is a faulty immune syst

mmune system are also at increased risk of pyelonephritis.

ents, including shaking, tremors, and jerking movements. Eyes' abnormal movement If the breathing muscles are affected, the

ater and sodium are both lost from the body, but the sodium loss is greaterHyponatremia is the most common electrolyte diso
renal tubular acidosis) Poisoning by aspirin, ethylene glycol (found in antifreeze), or methanol Severe dehydration

ory acidosis is a severe situation in which carbon dioxide levels increase very quickly and before the kidneys can restore the bo

gin right away, may include:Bleeding Breathing difficulty Low blood pressure Nausea and vomiting Numbness and tingling Pain
hea has lasted longer than 5 days in an adult or child Your infant or child is much less active than usual or is irritable You or you

blood pressure Severe electrolyte imbalances Shock

e, which makes the pain worse Osgood-Schlatter disease Tendinitis -- a pain in the front of your knee that gets worse when goi

r have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer.Bladder infectionA long-term (chronic) bladder infection or irritation may

ough the vein. There are two methods to create this access:An artery and a vein are directly connected to each other. Then, ove

hemodialysis treatments help keep blood pressure lower. Many patients no longer need blood pressure medicines. The longer
our health care provider immediately if you have a fever or other sign of infection.

xiety, or anger Unrealistic sexual expectations, which make sex a task rather than a pleasure

ection problems give you an unwanted erection that lasts more than 4 hours. Permanent impotence or other lasting damage to
es or foreign chemicals.The immune system's faulty response causes bleeding in the air sacs and inflammation in the kidney's fi

es or foreign chemicals.The immune system's faulty response causes bleeding in the air sacs and inflammation in the kidney's fi

chrane database review of available trials could not find a definite benefit of either IHF or IHDF vs. hemodialysis in terms of ou

brosis Benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) Tumors of nearby organs Bladder or ureteral cancer Colon cancer Cervi
nditions that lead to a blockage of urine flow, including:Bladder outlet obstruction, such as an enlarged prostate in men Bladde

ia is another cause of renal artery stenosis. It is often seen in women under age 50 and tends to run in families. It is caused by a

rinary frequency or urgency. It may help to keep a diary of times and amounts of urine voided to bring with you to the doctor.In

group of items.Memory loss may be short-term (called transient).Causes of memory loss include:Alcohol or ilicit drug intoxicati

group of items.Memory loss may be short-term (called transient).Causes of memory loss include:Alcohol or ilicit drug intoxicati

sappears. As a result, brain hypoxia can rapidly cause severe brain damage or death.

s may occur daily for months, alternating with periods without headaches (episodic), or they can recur for a year or more witho

moving patients who have had a head injury.While recovering from a concussion, you may:Be withdrawn, easily upset, or confus

Acoustic neuroma Age-related hearing loss Childhood infections, such as meningitis, mumps, scarlet fever, and measles Menier
o are benign positional vertigo and labyrinthitis. Benign positional vertigo is vertigo that happens when you change the position

clude:Alcohol intoxicationPoorly fitting denturesSide effects of medications that act on the central nervous system, such as nar

learning problems.

ccompanied with nausea or vomiting Usually occur sporadically No function damageSymptoms in secondary headaches depend

ing or burning feeling in the arms and legsOther brain and nerve symptoms:Decreased attention span, poor judgment, and me

, many require a wheelchair to get around and have a more difficult time transferring out of the wheelchair.Those with a suppo
ng rivastigmine oral solution, ask your pharmacist or doctor for a copy of the manufacturer's instructions for use. Carefully read
e, motion sickness, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, ulcers, or urinary problems. Your doctor may need to change the do

n), ruptured disk, spinal stenosis, hernia, cancer, kidney stone, twisted testicle, or other serious problem.

ogging with the child. It also is very unlikely to occur from accidents such as falling off chairs or down stairs, or accidentally bein

rol (may include constipation, incontinence, bladder spasms) Numbness Sensory changes Spasticity (increased muscle tone) Pa
is pulled, pressed sideways, or compressed. This may occur if the head, neck, or back are twisted abnormally during an accide

s living environment are usually required.Most people with spinal cord injury are wheelchair- or bed-bound, or have impaired m

d with respect to gravity, the displacement of the stones causes the hair cells to bend.The balance system works with the visua
 cting nerves. Systemic disorder, a problem of the body other than the head and brain. Vascular disorder, or blood flow problem
of the vestibular nerve, generally viral.Perilymph fistula: a leakage of inner ear fluid to the middle ear. It can occur after head in
of the disruption of balance. The kinds of tests needed will vary based on the patient's symptoms and health status. Because th
with Ménière's disease, dietary changes such as reducing intake of sodium may help. For some people, reducing alcohol, caffe

w slowly or very quickly The quicker they grow the more serious they are Desmoid tumor s can be difficult to completely remo

tion therapy is a treatment option for some desmoid tumor s Because radiation therapy can cause other cancers in the future,

s growing in the abdomen can cause problems, such as blocking your intestines It is important that your doctor monitor the gr
cer s caused by HPV infectio n is increasing, while the incidenc e of oropharyngeal cancer s related to other causes is falling.Oth
Pain when swallowing or ear pain.Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Sinuses that are blocked and do not clear; chronic sinus i

om NCI ’s Cancer Information Service (CIS) can also help people find clinical trials for the prevention of head and neck cancers.

ened saliva; difficulty in swallowing; changes in taste; or nausea. Other problems that may occur during treatment are loss of ta
ine through LiveHelp.People interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk with their doctor. Information about clinical t

bs the normal functions of digestion. Vomiting blood: This symptom is attributed to many factors such as dysfunction of the liv

risk of lung cancer:High levels of air pollution High levels of arsenic in drinking water Radon gas Asbestos Family history of lung
. The risk of lung cancer from radon is even higher for smokers. For more information, see the NCI fact sheet Radon and Cancer
eloping bladder cancer. Bladder infection: A long-term (chronic) bladder infection or irritation may lead to a certain type of blad

less than 50%. Patients with stage IV bladder cancer are rarely cured.

irth (congenital strabismus).Most of the time, the problem has to do with muscle control, and not with muscle strength.Less oft
 Do you have allergies? Have you been using any new cosmetics? Do you have any other symptoms like dry mouth or joint disc

he American Medical Association. Patients with new onset flashes and/or floaters, especially when associated with visual loss

r and axis drums.If both meridians come to a sharp focus simultaneously, the lens is spherical. If there are two distinctly differe

ins with one eye, but may spread easily to the other. Viral conjunctivitis is commonly known as "pink eye." Bacterial conjunctiv
t be treated immediately to preserve eyesight. Additionally, neonatal conjunctivitis is a red eye in a newborn caused by irritatio
njunctivitis: Swelling or infection of the tissue that lines the eyelids and coats the surface of the eye (the conjunctiva). This is oft

irth (congenital strabismus).Most of the time, the problem has to do with muscle control, and not with muscle strength.Less oft

ath to smell like feces) Bronchiectasis Chronic renal failure (can cause breath to smell like ammonia) Diabetes (fruity or sweet c

be taken if you have a sore throat or mouth sores.In rare cases, diagnostic tests that may be performed include:Blood tests to
de of the nose into the throat Persistent one-sided nasal blockage or discharge

e the enamel surface of the tooth and create holes in the tooth (cavities). Cavities are usually painless until they grow very larg

hile lying on his or her back. However, getting water in the ears will not cause an acute ear infection, unless the eardrum has a h
ndibular joint syndrome (TMJ) Tooth infectionEar pain in a child or infant may be due to infection, or the following causes:Ear c

ng raise your risk for developing gingivitis:General illness Poor dental hygiene Pregnancy (hormonal changes increase the sensi

ng raise your risk for developing gingivitis:General illness Poor dental hygiene Pregnancy (hormonal changes increase the sensi

dup of ear wax Ear infections (especially repeated infections) Foreign objects in the ear Injury Rupture of the eardrum TumorsS

erged tooth can trap food, plaque, and other debris in the soft tissue around it, leading to inflammation and tenderness of the g

cause of canker sores is not clear, but may be related to:A virus A temporary weakness in your immune system (for example, f

e prescribed for herpes sores (although some experts don't believe medication will make the sores go away sooner) Anti-inflam
CT scan of the nose and sinusesTreatment is usually focused on the cause of the nosebleeds, and may include:Controlling blood

ndibular joint syndrome (TMJ) Tooth infectionEar pain in a child or infant may be due to infection, or the following causes:Ear c

e mouth.Swelling of the salivary glands is most commonly due to:Abdominal surgery Cirrhosis of the liver Infections Other can

ed to respond to the signal that the bladder is full. It is not the child's or the parent's fault.Physical causes are rare, but may inc
heir preferred sexual contact is with children.

manent damage to the testicles, which can lead to fertility problems later in life.Testicles that do not naturally descend into the

opmental stage Unwillingness to participate in family or school activities

of parental stress (such as that seen in divorce or financial crisis) is a severe stressor for children, as is death or loss of a loved o

re people feel they have control over a situation, the better their response to stress will be. Encourage physical activity. Develo

es.The level of craving, irritability, delayed depression, and other symptoms produced by cocaine withdrawal rivals or exceeds

e more likely to abuse or become dependent on drugs include those who:Have depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders,

voluntary - a criterion that may be derived from the theory of cognitive dissonance. One important corollary of this principle is
sleep, and they feel tired when they wake up.Other symptoms of fibromyalgia may include:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Mem
e effects than marijuana. These side effects may include:Acute high blood pressure with headache Chest pain and heart rhythm

rightening movies or TV shows, or has an emotional experience. A person may remember the details of a dream when he or sh

d because they don't know that opiates would fix the problem, they don't crave the drugs.

ly, showing aggressive behavior when they are woken up by someone else Sitting up and appearing awake during sleep Taking
e or REM behavior disorders.Sleepwalking can occur at any age, but it happens most often in children ages 5 - 12. It appears to

ecially verbal ones, tax working memory so heavily. Spatial and artistic skills, however, are often preserved or superior in indivi

makes rescue possible. These attempts are often a cry for help.Some people attempt suicide in a way that is somewhat non-vio

r while forms of the drug can still be detected in the body. Examples are below:Alcohol: 3 to 10 hours Amphetamines: 24 to 48

ng a few years after asbestos exposureWorkers today are less likely to get asbestos-related diseases because of government re
with Legionella pneumonia). Ear pain (with mycoplasma pneumonia). Eye pain or soreness (with mycoplasma pneumonia). Nec

uid, or air has drained from the chest and the lung has fully re-expanded. When the chest tube is no longer needed, it can be e

5 minutes that the cigarette is lit. Thus, a person who smokes about 1-1/2 packs (30 cigarettes) daily gets 300 “hits” of nicotine
as shown that nicotine increases levels of dopamine in the reward circuits. This reaction is similar to that seen with other drug
m the eye Dry eyes Itching Pain Vision lossOther symptoms of this disease:Dry mouth Fainting spells if the heart is involved No

ments, bones, and nerves in the spine. The source of the pain may be:Compression fractures to the spine from osteoporosis M

uch as scoliosis or kyphosis), which may be inherited and seen in children and teens
ou have diabetes, follow the directions your doctor gave you.Prepare your home before surgery:What help will you need when
owed to put weight on your leg until the stump is fully healed.Fitting for prosthesis, a manmade part to replace your limb, may
aroscopic surgery leads to fewer complications, such as hospital-related infections, and has a shorter recovery time.Surgery occ

bdominal x-ray is rarely helpful in diagnosing appendicitis but can be used to look for other sources of abdominal pain. Women
lling, increased pain, excessive bleeding, or discharge from the incision sites. Difficulty urinating, nausea or vomiting, constipati

n (e.g. early age at onset menstruation, never having been pregnant, older age at first pregnancy, older age at menopause). SB
nd, the surgeon may be able to remove these other stones with a special medical instrument. Open gallbladder removal surger

ht before your surgery. Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water. Shower the night before or the m

your stomach in place. This tube will be removed when you no longer need it. Laparoscopic repair: Your surgeon will make 3 to

On the day of your surgery:Do not eat or drink anything after midnight the night before your surgery. Take your drugs your doc
ms.A specific allergy is not usually passed down through families (inherited). However, if both your parents have allergies, you a

r in response to any allergen. Common causes include:Drug allergies Food allergies Insect bites/stingsPollens and other inhaled

is called hereditary angioedema, and it is not discussed in this article.

s severe drowsiness or confusion, during an asthma attack Extreme difficulty breathing Rapid pulse Severe anxiety due to short

ne.Penicillin and related antibiotics are the most common cause of drug allergies. Other common allergy-causing drugs include:

egg, wheat, and soy by the time they are 5 years old if they avoid the offending foods when they are young. Allergies to peanut

most pollen is washed to the ground.Some disorders may be associated with allergies. These include eczema and asthma.Aller

you are allergy to something specific, such as bee venom or penicillin.Patch testing is a method to diagnose allergic reactions on
g called traditional Chinese or Oriental medicine. Acupuncture remains controversial but is quite popular and may one day pro

holesterol: As blood cholesterol rises, so does risk of coronary heart disease. A person's cholesterol level is greatly affected by

holesterol: As blood cholesterol rises, so does risk of coronary heart disease. A person's cholesterol level is greatly affected by
r. They also run the risk of developing an infection of the heart valves (bacterial endocarditis).
ommon. It occurs more often in men than in women.As the aortic valve becomes more narrow, the pressure increases inside th

ther surgery.
disease requiring surgery is called "senile aortic calcification," meaning that the valve has worn out with age. When a valve bec
nt later in the afternoon or evening although other conditions, such as varicose veins, can also cause this to occur.The extra wo

will probably all wear out. The options in this category include "xenograft" valves made from animal tissues (most often pig aorti
s, the heart has to work harder and similar problem occur. The ventricle must pump more blood with each contraction to prod

valve on the computer. This method is very precise.You will need to be on a heart-lung machine for all of these surgeries.If your

special soap. Scrub your chest two or three times with this soap. You also may be asked to take an antibiotic to guard against in
your heart rhythm becomes too slow after surgery.Once you are home, recovery takes time. Take it easy, and be patient with y
as warfarin (Coumadin) or aspirin, for the rest of your life. Biological: Made of human or animal tissue. These valves last 10 to 1

tor know if you have a cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or any other illness in the time leading up to your surgery.Prepare your
in your heart if your heart rate becomes too slow after surgery.

icles may beat very fast, but in a regular pattern. If the atrial fibrillation / flutter is part of a condition called sick sinus syndrome

rin (Coumadin).If you are taking warfarin:You will need to have extra blood tests to make sure your dose is correct. You need to

erthyroidism) Pericarditis Sick sinus syndrome

 atrial septal defect.

Signs/symptoms of a partial defect usually are asymptomatic (meaning without symptoms) until much later in life into adulthoo

. The condition can also affect infants who are fed unusual formulas that don't have enough thiamine.Getting dialysis and takin

ctation of the aorta and other diseases in which there is a blockage to blood flow on the left side of the heart.

used to treat some forms of arrhythmia, a condition called angina (which causes chest pain), high blood pressure, depression, a

of the electrical impulses to conduct through the heart (heart block). Secondary amyloidosis (AA type amyloidosis) rarely affects

Heart disease that is present at birth (congenital)Heart failure or an enlarged heartOveractive thyroid glandArrhythmias may als
 ong-term high blood pressureSome people who have cardiomyopathy never have signs or symptoms. Thus, it's important to id

. Both the RYR2 and CASQ2 proteins are involved in handling calcium within myocytes, which is critical for the regular contracti

ured. Other symptoms of an aneurysm rupture may include:Confusion, lethargy, sleepiness, or stupor Eyelid drooping Headach

he heart (pericarditis) causes pain in the center part of the chest.Lung problems that can cause chest pain:Pneumonia, which ca
vere and does not go away. You are having problems swallowing. Chest wall pain persists for longer than 3 to 5 days.
o fast: palpitations
e, trisomy 13, Turner syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and DiGeorge syndrome. Drugs such as retinoic acid for

e diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

coronary artery disease (CAD), a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart.Heart failure

gnosis of these conditions are generally excellent. Heart failure as a result of a valve condition may also be reversible if the valv

es.Your response to other treatments.Your quality of life.Any other medical problems you have.CABG may be done on an emer

ough your throat. The tube is connected to a ventilator (a machine that helps you breathe). An incision is made down the cent
several months after surgery. Use of a heart-lung bypass machine increases the risk of blood clots forming in your blood vessels
tting. While in the ICU, you'll also have bandages on your chest incision (cut) and on the areas where an artery or vein was remo

of problems have an increased chance of getting heart disease.Smokers have a much higher risk of heart disease than nonsmo
her to chose PCI or CABG: SYNTAX Score SYNTAX score derived from a clinical trial with the same name which predicts the gra
lipoprotein (LDL or "bad" cholesterol) High density lipoprotein (HDL or "good" cholesterol) Total cholesterol Triglycerides Very

Some experts recommend screening all children, but according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, there is not enough

rmal location of the heart. The most common heart defects seen with dextrocardia include:Double outlet right ventricle Endoc
 Heart defects from birth (congenital heart disease) Heart failure Heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias)Other problems: Alle

he lungs or liver. Sometimes, blood can't get out of the heart into the lungs and the person may appear blue. However in most c

evelops before a child reaches puberty. However, it also can develop in young adulthood.

ow.Note that the lay-out is different for every machine, but most machines will show the information above somewhere.

cs before any dental work. Other common culprits include Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus. Staphylococcus aureus can

patients with dabigatran would be reduced slightly by 0.6 bleeds or $4,800 dollars.There was an increased risk of MI of 0.21%

me.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1808049,00.html)
e drowsiness or fatigue, including antihistamines for allergies, blood pressure medicines, sleeping pills, steroids, and diuretics.C

o the fallopian tubes and stomach area) Fever (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area)If the infection
ner-city areas, populations with lower overall levels of education and people with lower socioeconomic status.

symptoms of a heart attack aren’t the same for everyone. Many heart attacks start slowly as mild pain or discomfort. Some pe
o develop diabetes as someone without metabolic syndrome.

attack. This is the most common cause of acquired heart block. Coronary heart disease, also called coronary artery disease. Myo
e common in older people. This is because many of the risk factors are more common in older people.People who have a histo

of pacemaker you have. Carry this card in your wallet. You may want to consider wearing a medical ID bracelet or necklace that

ves, as in mitral stenosis or aortic valve stenosis, can occur as you age. Endocarditis. This infection of the inner lining of your he

moke or abuse alcohol or drugs, or have other lifestyle habits that may damage the new heartThe doctor may not recommend a

y month during the first 6 to 12 months after transplant, and then less often after that. This helps the doctor determine if your

n anti-depressants Diseases such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and kidney disea

mportant to recognize since it's treated differently than essential hypertension, by treating the underlying cause of the elevate
tance is no longer used in licorice made in the United States) Magnesium deficiency Sweating Vomiting

e can support the circulation to both the lungs and the body for a while, but this extra workload eventually causes the right side

Parkinson's disease. NMH most often affects young adults and children. It occurs when a person has been standing for a long ti

generators, and equipment. Do not lean over the open hood of a running car. Also stay away from:Radio transmitters and high

ured. Other symptoms of an aneurysm rupture may include:Confusion, lethargy, sleepiness, or stupor Eyelid drooping Headach

th sides of the bodyAdditional symptoms may include:Irritability Diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain Cough and runny nos

depressants Diseases such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and kidney disease Exc
may or may not be associated with flu-like symptoms including: Fever and/or chills Headache Body aches Joint aches Stiff neck F
geographic areas including New England, Mid-Atlantic, East-North Central, South Atlantic, and West North-Central is at a heigh

cause of chronic mitral regurgitation.About one-third of all cases of chronic mitral regurgitation are caused by rheumatic heart

uish discoloration of the skin or mucus membranes (cyanosis). Poor growth. Shortness of breath.

est wall deformities, scoliosis, or other disorders.Mitral valve prolapse is associated with some connective tissue disorders, espe
mputer. This method is very precise.You may or may not need to be on a heart lung machine for these types of surgery, but if n
ecover faster than you would from open heart surgery.Percutaneous valvoplasty is a procedure that is only done in people who

special soap. Scrub your chest two or three times with this soap. You also may be asked to take an antibiotic to guard against in
becomes too slow after surgery.
he valve.If your mitral valve is too damaged, you will need a new valve. This is called valve replacement surgery. Your surgeon w
e past, and it is not working well, or you have other problems such as blood clots, infection, or bleeding.

eck with a special soap. Scrub your chest two or three times with this soap. You also may be asked to take an antibiotic to guar

ertain chemicals Certain diseases that cause inflammation throughout the body (rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis)
 less time to exercise.The term "eating disorder" means a group of medical conditions that have an unhealthy focus on eating,

m large motors, generators, and equipment. Do not lean over the open hood of a car that is running. Also stay away from:Radio

use your legs to swell:Antidepressants, including MAO inhibitors (such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine) and tricyclics (such

aque's surface and block blood flow. The lack of oxygen-rich blood to the heart can damage the heart muscle.Quickly opening a
sh tube (stent) may then be placed in this blocked area. The stent is inserted along with the balloon catheter. It expands when

lving the heart, complications can sometimes, though rarely, cause death. Less than 2 percent of people die during percutaneo
d where to go.Even though percutaneous coronary intervention takes only 1 to 2 hours, you'll likely need to stay in the hospita
f infection may include redness, swelling, or drainage. When you should call your doctor. For example, you may need to call if y
e to see great vessles, atria and ventricles on an x-ray. Cardiac catheterization can reveal associated cardiac abnormalities are k

mes very hard for the heart to force blood to them. This is called pulmonary hypertension and it can be life-threatening.

nary embolism.

lot in the lung (pulmonary embolism) HIV infection Lung or heart valve disease Obstructive sleep apneaIn many cases the cause
amber of the heart (the right ventricle). This causes the right ventricle to become thicker, decreasing blood flow and can lead t

quire another surgery.

creases their ability to function.

s not uncommon for children with OSA to display hyperactive behavior. Leg swelling has also been linked to severe OSA.

etes have reported difficulty breathing while sleeping . The causal relationship, however, has not yet been established.Hyperte

Nervous system physical examination and head images may help diagnose. Treatment of ischemic stroke includes anti-platelet
s. Tet spells are more common in young infants, around 2 to 4 months old.
of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Patients with tetraology of Fallot have a higher incidence of major non-heart congenital d

of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Patients with tetraology of Fallot have a higher incidence of major non-heart congenital de

myloidosis Endocardial fibroelastosis Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Endocardium / valves Endocarditis infective en

uired heart block. Coronary heart disease, also called coronary artery disease. Myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle

cally originates in the AV junction, producing a narrow complex escape rhythm.An anterior wall myocardial infarction may dam

of coordination and balance, clumsiness, or trouble walking Abnormal sensation of movement (vertigo) or dizziness Lack of con
d dissolves.Less common causes of TIA include:An irregular heart rhythm called atrial fibrillation Certain blood disorders, includ

f heart defects (such as atrial septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus) and how much oxygen moves through the body's gene
nother important risk factor for tricuspid regurgitation is use of the diet medications called "Fen-Phen" (phentermine and fenfl

y disease.Heart attack.

n cause symptoms.

ries such a car accident. It may even be caused by manipulations of the neck by a chiropractor, or during massage. However, m

ed to treat high blood pressure, chest pain associated with heart disease, or other heart conditions) large doses (≥1 g/day) of ni
n of the gallbladder.Tell your doctor if you are having these or any other medical problems while on Vytorin. This is not a comp

owest dose of doxazosin and gradually increase your dose.Doxazosin controls high blood pressure and the symptoms of BPH bu

RY), exercise 30 minutes on most, if not all days, and lose weight if you are overweight.

stop.You may have a higher risk of bleeding if you take rivaroxaban and take other medicines that increase your risk of bleeding

vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some of your other medicines may affect the way rivaroxaban works. Certain medicines ma
me. And take rivaroxaban 1 time a day: Take rivaroxaban as soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at yo

more information.
daxa), bivalirudin (Angiomax), desirudin (Iprivask), heparin, and lepirudin (Refludan); antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan),

a of your skin or body, or if you have a severe pain that occurs suddenly, or color or temperature change in any area of your bo

as steroids, testosterone, estrogen, and phenytoin) High levels of humidity and sweatingDespite the popular belief that chocol

ke people more likely to sunburn. Being in the sun a lot can also make skin wrinkle and raise the risk of skin cancer. Choose ma
Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract.
Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract.

Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract.
Eventually, the abscess breaks through the skin surface to produce a draining sinus tract.

shes may fall out as well. Anemia Autoimmune conditions such as lupus Burns Certain infectious diseases such as syphilis Exces

ded) include:Blood tests to rule out disease Microscopic examination of a plucked hair Skin biopsyRingworm on the scalp may r

ody. This infection almost always occurs in people with a weakened immune system due to cancer, AIDS, leukemia, an organ tra

before the rash appears. Atopic dermatitis is often called the "itch that rashes" because the itching starts, and then the skin ras
oo hot or too cold, as well as sudden changes of temperature Perfumes or dyes added to skin lotions or soaps

r. In the United States, areas in the south (such as Texas and Florida) get more UV radiation than areas in the north (such as Mi
mination may occur on veins and large arteries, leading redness, pain and swelling in the arms or legs, even aneurysms and narr
ople susceptible to the disease. Scientists think that this susceptibility may be inherited; that is, it may be due to one or more s

g and a rash on the penis after having sexual contact with an infected partner. Having many vaginal yeast infections may be a s
hen holding cold objects Swelling of the lips when eating cold foods In severe cases, the tongue and throat may swelland inhibi

ome. After exposure to cold, people who inherit this condition experience painful, itchy hives and flu-like symptoms.

ght in the period shortly after birth has symptoms similar to those of birth-acquired herpes.Intrauterine herpes can cause:Eye d

y.Overtreatment dermatitis is a form of contact dermatitis that occurs when treatment for another skin disorder causes irritati

warm and tender Ooze, drain, or crust Become scaly, raw, or thickened Irritant dermatitis often shows as dry, red, and rough ski
hooks, buttons, pocketknives, lipstick holders, and powder compacts)Poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and other plantsRu

over large area Greasy, oily areas of skin Skin scales -- white and flaking, or yellowish, oily, and adherent -- "dandruff" Itching --

ngal infections in people with AIDS.

 warm, moist areas. Ringworm is more likely when you are often wet (such as from sweating) and from minor injuries to your s

t if the pseudomembrane extends into the larynx or trachea, or if a piece of it becomes dislodged. In severe respiratory diphth

early as possible.
hey can not repair damage caused by sunlight. Age: Epidemiological data suggest that dysplastic nevus can be found both in old

nly in the Northeast and upper Midwest.

y appears in adults over age 50, although it can occur in children. It is linked to Crohn's disease (an inflammatory bowel disease
e person may feel the skin tingling, burning, itching, or have pain at the site where the blisters will appear When the blisters br
ent (and the person may not even know that he or she is infected), or from an infected persons mouth (saliva) or vaginal fluids.B

The following are important facts about how HPV and genital warts can be spread:HPV infection is passed from one person to

shes may fall out as well. Anemia Autoimmune conditions such as lupus Burns Certain infectious diseases such as syphilis Exces

ded) include:Blood tests to rule out disease Microscopic examination of a plucked hair Skin biopsyRingworm on the scalp may r

hepatitis C.Most people with chronic hepatitis C do not have any symptoms. However, if a person has been infected for many
atitis C are very low, but the risk is increased with certain sexual practices or circumstances where there is the possibility of bloo
titis C virus, such as healthcare workers HIV -infected persons Children born to mothers infected with the hepatitis C virus Havin

or your condition and, if necessary, refer you to a specialist. Consider being immunized against other hepatitis viruses for which

DV is transmitted percutaneously or sexually through contact with infected blood or blood products.Blood is potentially infectio
are linked to HPV.

ght late in its course, it may have a fatal outcome.

isease Menopause Parkinson’s disease Pheochromocytoma Spinal cord injury Stroke Tuberculosis or other infections

the fluid that oozes from the blisters touches an open area on your skin.
(malaise) Increased amount of urine Rash Shortness of breath Thirst and increased drinking of fluids Weight loss

he skin. Muscle weakness or paralysis (especially in the hands and feet). Eye problems that may lead to blindness. Enlarged ne
, tropical, and subtropical climates. Approximately 100 cases per year are diagnosed in the United States. Most cases are limite
a that causes it. In the southern areas of the United States some armadillos are infected with leprosy. Despite the low risk of co
e malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency are prevalent, measles has been known to kill as many as one out of four people. It is th

ng melanoma because they can not repair cell damage caused by sunlight.Age: Epidemiological data suggest that melanoma ca

% is often accepted. Unfortunately, vigorous scrubbing, poorly controlled initial curettage, poor tissue health, technician's error
ucts in the blood, which can damage nails. Liver disease can damage nails. Thyroid diseases such as hyperthyroidism or hypothy

under the surface of the skin Pain (from affected peripheral nerves) Small, rubbery tumors of the skin called nodular neurofibro

fficult to cure than warts in other places.

ppear on the skin. Inverse: Skin redness and irritation occurs in the armpits, groin, and in between overlapping skin. Plaque: Thi
ons who have:AIDS Autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis) Cancer chemotherapyUp to one-third of people with

listers, ooze, then crust over. Shingles -- a painful blistered skin condition caused by the same virus as chickenpox. The virus ca

kin surgery.Many primary care providers are comfortable dealing with common rashes, but for more complicated skin disorder

ur stomach (nausea) and throwing up (vomiting); Having a headache; and Having body aches.

on the faceBone and muscle symptoms may include:Joint pain Numbness and pain in the feet Pain, stiffness, and swelling of fin
over large area Greasy, oily areas of skin Skin scales -- white and flaking, or yellowish, oily, and adherent -- "dandruff" Itching --

paraffin increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma.Radiation exposureAge: Epidemiological data suggests that the risk of sq

e visited or lived in South America or Africa.

each year.
isease Menopause Parkinson’s disease Pheochromocytoma Spinal cord injury Stroke Tuberculosis or other infections

ulosquamous diseases Skin: lupus, erythematosus; papulosquamous diseases Skin: alopecia, secondary lupus erythematosus; h

on or lump
fficult to cure than warts in other places.

ea Vomiting Extreme weakness Abdominal pain Bleeding into the skin and other organs (due to blood clotting problems) Diarrh
aining droplets are breathed in by another person, they can cause pneumonic plague. Typically this requires direct and close co

e A or type AB blood A patient with type O blood will react against type A, type B, or type AB bloodBecause type O lacks any su

iver abscess Skin abscess Spinal cord abscess Subcutaneous abscess Tooth abscess

bstruction of the airway excessive sweating and skin odor fatigue and weakness headaches impaired vision abnormalities of th
what actually causes tissue growth in the body. High levels of IGF-I, in turn, signal the pituitary to reduce GH production. The h
cases, doctors may conduct tests to see if the cause is a serious condition such as tuberculosis or lung cancer.
the abdomen (from a swollen spleen or liver)- Weight loss for no known reason- Pain in the bones or joints

order may be associated with:Abdominal trauma Cystic fibrosis Hemolytic uremic syndrome Kawasaki disease Mumps Reye syn

most contagious for the first 2-3 days; however, not contagious after the first week.

op. Because the symptoms progress slowly, they are usually ignored until a stressful event like an illness or an accident causes
ffected, as in idiopathic adrenal insufficiency; sometimes other glands also are affected, as in the polyendocrine deficiency synd
hes, drinking fountains, phones, toilet seats, or through everyday things like sharing a meal. From insect bites or stings. From d

cardia) when rising to standing position Redness on feet or hands Slow, sluggish, lethargic movement Vomiting blood or materi

es its ability to function.The second primary cause of amblyopia is significantly unequal refractive power in the two eyes. For ex
 g stairs, and walking Paralysis Speech problems, such as a slow or abnormal speech pattern (slurring of words) Voice changes,

or normal male sex characteristics. They may be raised as males or as females, and may have a male or a female gender identi

multiple myeloma Problems with the immune system that cause the destruction of blood cells (hemolytic anemia) Surgery to

a: A type of non-fluent aphasia is Broca’s aphasia. People with Broca’s aphasia have damage to the frontal lobe of the brain. The
 es with similar symptomsAccording to age group:Gastroenteritis Mesenteric adenitis Meckel's diverticulum Intussusception He

ndectomy should be performed to prevent a recurrent episode of appendicitis. Atypical appendicitis (associated with suppurati

bacterial infections (nongonococcal bacterial arthritis) Psoriatic arthritis Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome) Rheumatoid arthriti
ns involving repetitive knee bending and squatting are associated with osteoarthritis of the knee.

lion people are infected worldwide. Ascariasis occurs in people of all ages, though children are affected more severely than adu

astfeeding, since estrogen levels are lower at these times.The vagina can also become further irritated from soaps, laundry dete

s:Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat Leaves seat when remaining seated is expected Runs about or climbs in inapprop

nicates with gestures instead of words Develops language slowly or not at all Does not adjust gaze to look at objects that others
sk their doctor or nurse to wait, or even refuse to have the vaccine. However, it is important to also think about the risks of not
infection in humans have resulted from contact with infected poultry (e.g., domesticated chicken, ducks, and turkeys) or surfac

ed vertebrae are often the result of osteoporosis. Less commonly, back pain may be caused by more severe injuries that result
at affects the spine, have a genetic component.Race: Race can be a factor in back problems. African American women, for exam

mors, Lyme disease, and trauma such as skull fracture or facial injury.
ue or lack of energy Feeling worthless, hopeless, or guilty Loss of pleasure in activities once enjoyed Loss of self-esteem Though
disorder, there is no clear cause for the manic or depressive episodes. The following may trigger a manic episode in people with

ery, even when professionals believe the treatment is unnecessary Repeat cosmetic surgery procedures, especially if the same

inicaltrials/Taking-Part-in-Cancer-Treatment-Research-Studies on the Internet. This booklet describes how research studies are

adache, nausea and vomiting, and sore throat. Only a few infected people develop the classic muscle pain in the chest and uppe

al tissue growth Adhesions or scar tissue that form after surgery Foreign bodies (ingested materials that obstruct the intestines

h as a gun or knife wound) or surgery.In children with heart disease or a birth defect, such as those with tetralogy of fallot, infe
tumor.Meningiomas are another type of brain tumor. These tumors:Occur most commonly between the ages of 40 - 70 Are m

isk is higher if her family member got breast cancer before age 40. Having other relatives with breast cancer (in either her moth

f women survive breast cancer if it is detected after it has spread to axillary lymph nodes and to axillary tissues in the US (The A
breast is badly bruised, there will be a collection of blood that feels like a lump. These lumps tend to get better on their own in

al flaring in infants Rapid breathing (tachypnea)

at disappear right away

g Writing Use of tools (especially hand tools or tools that vibrate) Sports such as racquetball or handball Playing some musical i

dhood, often in both eyes. These cataracts may be so small that they do not affect vision. If they do, the lenses may need to be

d feet Seizures Missed menstrual periods Infertility or recurrent miscarriage Canker sores inside the mouth An itchy skin rash, c

ction that cause cervical cancer.Lack of Regular Pap Test:Cervical cancer is more common among women who don't have regul
too old to have a child, or are not having sex anymore.
educe nausea and pain and make treatment easier to handle. It also can help relieve stress. Whatever physical activity you cho
y are left with only a few pox (fewer than 30). Such cases are often harder to diagnose. These children can still spread chickenpo
get chickenpox, it's often a mild form. The reason for this would be the antibodies from their mother's blood help protect the c
rs in up to half of all people with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Traveling to an area where the fungus is commonly seen rai

Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database at Johns Hopkins University).Inherited color blindness can be congenital (from
0.0025, or just 0.25%.In addition to those who are genetically predisposed to color blindness, people who suffer from brain or r

er (HNPCC): Clinical survey suggest that the lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in people with this condition may be as high as 70%

most contagious for the first 2-3 days; however, not contagious after the first week.

ower hair growth Stiff joints and weak musclesStage 3 (irreversible changes can be seen)Limited movement in limb because of
ck or stroke can cause CSPS. The condition can sometimes appear without obvious injury to the affected limb.
"pink eye." Bacterial conjunctivitis: Bacterial conjunctivitis due to the common pyogenic (pus-producing) bacteria causes marke
n a newborn caused by irritation, a blocked tear duct, or infection.

t hitting someone, she may experience the physical symptom of numbness in her arms.

e system.Fusarium - These fungi have been associated with fungal keratitis. The infection can occur after a corneal injury involvi

e suffer from malignant, solid tumors most commonly found in connective tissue, developing nerve cells, and the bladder.
other features of Costello syndrome, but many of the signs and symptoms may result from cell overgrowth and abnormal cell d

osis tend to have a broad forehead. It is more common in boys than girls.Frontal plagiocephaly is the next most common form.

variant CJD accounts for less than 1% of cases, and tends to affect younger people. It can result when someone is exposed to c

mal rearrangement called a balanced translocation, in which no genetic material is gained or lost. Balanced translocations usual

vironment. Foreign substances, also referred to as antigens, are found in the environment. One possible cause for inflammation
 Weak muscles Hypertension High blood glucose Increased thirst and urination Irritability, anxiety, or depression A fatty hump b
adrenals, which are located just above the kidneys, receive the ACTH, they respond by releasing cortisol into the bloodstream.T

when oversight actions are taken? Do you feel that when oversight removes something a comment to the effect should be add

hy Depression Euphoria Irritability Incontinence Movements triggered by changes in the nervous system (psychomotor restless

ility Loss of appetite Nausea Pale skin Palpitations (sensation of feeling the heart beat) Rapid emotional changes Sweating, esp

ity to take care of yourself. The symptoms may include:Forgetting details about current events Forgetting events in your own li
e of certain medications, including cimetadine and some cholesterol-lowering medications Chronic alcohol abuseDementia usu

shoplifting) Irresponsible behavior Poor school performance, grades dropping Pulling away from family and friends, spending m
or caregiving Stressful life events, such as the loss of a parent to death or divorceMany adolescents with depression may also h

ms of depression are also a side effect of many drugs commonly prescribed for the elderly.Many older people will not admit to
—and by chronic disorders including polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease, kidney failure, partial blockage of the ureters, a

cose. Glucose levels in the blood can become very high as a result. The blood then becomes much more concentrated than no

use people to strain when passing stool during a bowel movement. Straining may cause increased pressure in the colon, which

toward the colon through a handheld device that a technician glides over the abdomen. The sound waves bounce off the colo
may also cause changes in your period.

affect:Generalized dystonia affects most or all of the body. Focal dystonia is localized to a specific part of the body. Multifocal
and the symptoms may vary widely even among members of the same family. The product of one defective gene appears to be

into contact with environments that have become contaminated with an Ebola patient’s infectious fluids, such as soiled clothin
he fallopian tubes Complications of a ruptured appendix Endometriosis Scarring caused by previous pelvic surgeryIn a few case

of mood, or mood that is inappropriate for the situation Impaired judgment Inflexibility, extreme self-centeredness, inability t
s Virus Echovirus West Nile virusThe virus causes inflammation of brain tissue. The brain tissue swells (cerebral edema), which

er being pregnant is also a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Because estrogen levels are lower during pregnancy, women who
It is a major cause of hospital admissions in the miltary.

gency because it may lead to permanent brain damage and death if left untreated. There may be a rapid worsening within min

zation in the late 1980s.

ts from eating enough to maintain their weight. Other factors include loss of appetite and increase in metabolism from the can

to become dilated. People with achalasia have a risk of esophageal cancer that is at least 15 times higher than the normal risk.
tries, with the United States and Europe having some of the highest rates. Some types of lymphoma are linked to certain infecti

nfant Heart or lung problems, which can affect how oxygen and nutrients move through the body Anemia or other blood disor

us (HIV) infection are at risk for serious illness due to parvovirus B19 infection. Occasionally, serious complications may develop

eat fresh fruits or vegetables) Excess folic acid needs during the third trimester of pregnancy Hemolytic anemia
 foot-and-mouth epizootic, when large numbers of animals are destroyed and revenues from milk and meat production go dow
r whites of the eyes Clay-colored stoolsMany people with gallstones have no symptoms; these gallstones are called “silent ston

with decreased blood pressure (hypotension), kidney failure, coma, and finally death.

tic nerve and the retina at the back of the eye. Open-angle glaucoma tends to run in families. Your risk is higher if you have a pa
rm of eye drops reduce the risk of developing glaucoma by about half.
m of this disorder is common in whites of Mediterranean descent. This form is also associated with acute episodes of hemolysis

h Graves’ disease.

ods to screen and treat pregnant women at risk are now being used.

ethods to screen and treat pregnant women at risk are now being used.The following increase an infant's risk for group B strep

Less mental functions and social activities: Most growth hormone deficiency adults notice a decrease in their energy level and

tart in the arms and move downward May start in the feet and legs and move up to the arms and head Numbness, decreased s
also occur with other medical conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus or Hodgkin's disease.Some people may get Guil
cy Fungal infections of the mouth and nails Hypoparathyroidism
are damaged and cannot produce enough of certain critical hormones Type 1 diabetes Pernicious anemia, a type of anemia cau
aking, frequent headaches, pain or ringing in the ears, or trouble hearing. Larynx. Pain when swallowing, or ear pain. Metastatic
s type of cancer. Nasopharynx. Asian, particularly Chinese, ancestry; Epstein-Barr virus infection; occupational exposure to woo

M characteristics are combined to produce a “stage” of the cancer, from I to IVB. Even after successful definitive therapy, head

mochromatosis is having an elevated liver enzyme test.As the disease progresses, hemochromatosis may cause the following mo
mochromatosis, if both a mother and father are carriers, a child may inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each par
h hemochromatosis should not take pills containing iron. Eating foods that contain iron is fine. Taking vitamin C supplements m

hemolytic anemia Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia Non-immune hemolytic anemia caused by chemicals or toxins Mic

for concerned parents.Rarely, adults can develop a bleeding disorder similar to hemophilia. This may happen:after giving birth

elves because of these symptoms.

More often, the condition is seen in people with chronic liver disease. Hepatic encephalopathy may be triggered by:Dehydratio
mmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis

uch as Hepatitis C), HAV is always acute.

ooked food can also cause hepatitis if not heated to 185°F (85°C) for 1 minute after being contaminated with HAV. Drinking con

lowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)People with chronic hepatitis may have no symptoms, even though gradual liver damage
lood, semen, vaginal fluids, and other body fluids of someone who already has a hepatitis B infection.Ways of infection include
rom the hepatitis B virus occurs because of the way the body responds to the infection. When the body's immune system dete

prolong life for up to a few years.

nital conditions such as Down syndrome.

hes, drinking fountains, phones, toilet seats, or through everyday things like sharing a meal. From insect bites or stings. From d
 States, Canada and northern Europe, and is least common in Asian countries.Age: Epidemiological survey suggests that Hodgk

urning, and for any long-term treatment effects.

surgery or other major surgeryHave a weak immune system from cancer treatment, certain medicines, or severe woundsHave

sease accounts for a small number of cases and begins in childhood or adolescence. Symptoms may resemble those of Parkinso
when the body produces extra parathyroid hormone because the calcium levels are too low. This is seen when vitamin D levels

H Template:WS
ncy-related high blood pressure or prolonged rupture of membranes, because the stress of these situations can cause the infan

nflammatory disease (PID) Scarring from sexually transmitted infection or endometriosis Thyroid disease Too little or too much

eeding and bloody stools Skin rash Swollen gums Unintentional weight loss
The result is an overactive immune response that leads to chronic inflammation. This is called an autoimmune disorder.There

ose Sweating Worsening of underlying illness, such as asthma or heart failure

cells in the pancreas, instead of a single tumor.Taking medications that cause too much insulin in the blood, either accidentally

. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP). Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RBILD).There are dozens of diffe

bleeding and do not usually cause long-term problems. Grades 3 and 4 involve more severe bleeding, which presses on or leak

s of bleeding are:Heavy, long, or frequent menstrual periods Cancer in the esophagus, stomach, or colon Esophageal varices Th

ains less iron than many other foods and also makes it more difficult for the body to absorb iron from other foods. Cow's milk a

nsion or heart failure by causing the kidneys to remove salt and fluid from the body) may be linked to kidney cancer. Advanced
pear between ages 20 - 30. They are likely to come back. Calcium can combine with other substances, such as oxalate (the mos

munication problems may lead to behavioral or psychological problems. Intelligence usually appears to be unaffected.The loss

n, and repeat (echo) parts or all of questions Use tenses (past, present, future) improperlyBecause of their language problems,
nguage.With delayed language, the child develops speech and language in the same way as other children, but later. In languag
f you notice these signs that your child does not use or express language well:At 15 months: is not using three words At 18 mon
d February, 2017.

une system is impaired (due to AIDS or certain medications that suppress the immune system). Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxe

e often used to diagnose soft tissue sarcoma. A CT machine takes multiple images of your body and various organs to check for

symptoms. Almost everyone who is diagnosed with listeriosis has "invasive" infection, in which the bacteria spread beyond the
esco) made from pasteurized milk and likely contaminated during cheese-making have caused Listeria infections.Unlike most ba
about 4 times more likely than the general population to get Listeria infection.People with weakened immune systems - Indivi

Asbestos Family history of lung cancer Radiation therapy to the lungs Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals such as uranium, b
CI fact sheet Radon and Cancer.Asbestos and other substances: People who have certain jobs (such as those who work in the c
s, with the United States and Europe having some of the highest rates. Some types of lymphoma are linked to certain infection
ght-sensing cells becomes great, people may see a small, but growing, blind spot in the middle of their field of vision. In the late

increase the risk of macular degeneration

DICATIONSAnticonvulsant (antiseizure) medications Antihistamines Beta blockers (medications used to treat heart disease or hi

by mosquitoes in temperate climates, but the parasite is inactive over the winter.In certain areas of the world, mosquitoes tha
e:Alcohol or ilicit drug intoxication An event in which not enough oxygen was going to the brain (heart stopped, stopped breath

t, or burning sensation when passing urine. Increased frequency of urination muscle pain Back pain Loss of concentration
her examples. Symptoms can be more severe and start more suddenly in these circumstances.As a result of the fall in hormon

atory disease) Bleeding disorders such as Von Willebrand disease Polycystic ovary syndrome Stress, change in diet or exercise ro

t at birth or occurring after birth): Congenital Cytomegalovirus Congenital rubella syndrome Congenital toxoplasmosis Encepha

herit the disease.Acquired methemoglobinemia is more common than the inherited forms. It occurs in some people after they
mells such as perfume, paint thinner and secondhand smoke, can also trigger migraines. Hormonal changes in women, during m

Are around people who have the diseaseLive in crowded or unclean conditionsHave poor nutritionTB has become more commo
g meals, choosing proper clothing, or driving Forgetting details about current events Forgetting events in your own life history, l
other brain and nervous system (neurologic) function also can lead to MID.

al professionals unlikely to suspect the diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy.Her frequent visits unfortunately also mak
come with little or no warning.Some individuals with Ménière's disease have attacks that start with tinnitus (ear noises), a loss
d in the semicircular canals.The exact cause of Meniere's disease is unknown. In some cases, it may be related to:Head injury M

r knees will buckle. In severe cases, a person may fall and stay paralyzed for as long as several minutes.

ncy-related high blood pressure or prolonged rupture of membranes, because the stress of these situations can cause the infan
mented. Cancer spread a neural pathways to reach the meninges - The CSF carries cancer cells through the brain tracts. This occ
always poses a risk for the development of neoplastic meningitis. It is diagnosed in 1-2% of cases of ependymoma, medulloblas

motherapy significantly improves this prognosis. Not surprisingly, patients with poor performance status, multiple fixed neurol

n the body. Swelling occurs when protein is lost from the bloodstream. (Protein maintains fluid within the blood vessels, and wh

t streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Alport's syndrome. It has also been associated with allergic reactions, drugs like NSAIDs, va

up and down (vertical supranuclear gaze palsy) Unsteady gait, clumsiness, walking problems (ataxia)Symptoms of Type D are sim
nvolves a defect that interferes with the movement of cholesterol between brain cells. It is now thought to be a variant of type

problems, personality changes, or seizures.

ty, a person has a 1 in 50 chance of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. NHL most often affects adults. However, children can
n-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in developed countries, with the United States and Europe having the highest rates.

d form close relationships.Some of the other signs of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder include:Excess devotion to wo
y, an infection with HPV (human papilloma virus) has been shown to be a risk factor.Oral cancer accounts for about 8% of all m

olic causesDrug and alcohol-related conditions:Alcohol withdrawal state Intoxication from drug or alcohol use Wernicke-Korsak
of some gene. Talcum powder: Some surveys show that talcum powder applied directly to the genital area or on sanitary napki

cysts are formed on the ovaries. These usually go away after a woman's period, or after a pregnancy.

most cases the condition is mild, but some women get a severe and dangerous form of OHSS.Additional risk factors for OHSS in

can American -- African Americans are more likely than Asians, Hispanics, or whites to get pancreatic cancer. Family history -- T
n (Computed tomography) -- An x-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures. The x-ray machine is sha
nic attacks may change behavior and function at home, school, or work. People with the disorder often worry about the effects

when the body produces extra parathyroid hormone because the calcium levels are too low. This is seen when vitamin D level

ping balance. These abnormities may result in frequent falls. Some types of paralysis Dementia: Patients may appear progressiv
ou may also notice your muscles twitch or cramp. Your muscles may become smaller.Problems with Body OrgansPeople with n
fitting casts, splints, a brace, or crutches

ng (atrophic gastritis) The body's immune system attacking the cells that make intrinsic factor (autoimmunity against gastric pa
ms with personal hygiene Repetitive behavior Withdrawal from social interactionEmotional changes: Abrupt mood changes Dec

ressed mood Dry skin Fatigue Hair or skin changes Hoarseness Menstrual changes Mental slowing Weight gainWhen the poste

ns, triplets, etc.) Scarring of the uterine wall caused by previous pregnancies, cesareans, uterine surgery, or abortionsWomen w

une system is impaired (due to AIDS or certain medications that suppress the immune system). Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxe

ast 1 - 2 weeks.Fever 5 - 7 days before other symptoms Abnormal sensations (but not loss of sensation) in an area Bloated feel

global, vaccination campaign over the past 20 years, polio exists only in a few countries in Africa and Asia.
us. A woman's ovaries have follicles, which are tiny sacs filled with liquid that hold the eggs. These sacs also are called cysts. Ea

ving hypertension. Women with PCOS have high levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol.The cha

t (including survivor guilt). You might also have some of the following symptoms, which are typical of anxiety, stress, and tensi

n the baby

babies will have these characteristics.

iety, or edginess Forgetfulness Irritable, hostile, or aggressive behavior, with outbursts of anger toward self or others Loss of se

nd notice the baby is moving less or not at all.

problems, personality changes, or seizures.
rson has a 1 in 50 chance of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. NHL most often affects adults. However, children can get so
on-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in developed countries, with the United States and Europe having the highest rates.

hich to gamble

et plays in prostate cancer, the following may be harmful:A diet high in fat, especially animal fat A diet low in vegetables, fruits

ts of pseudo-Cushing's syndrome are caused by alcohol abuse, blood alcohol level may be helpful.

I in its clinical features, but the events that take place in the kidneys are different.Type II pseudohypoparathyroidism also invol
e who live on a farm. In infected children younger than 3 years old, Q fever is usually discovered during a search for the cause o

may end in "crisis." This consists of shaking chills, followed by intense sweating, falling body temperature, and low blood pressu
eart failure by causing the kidneys to remove salt and fluid from the body) may be linked to renal cell carcinoma.Advanced kidn

ocial engagement Ongoing, severe constipation and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) Poor circulation that can lead to cold and

eumonia, malnutrition, and accidents.

only when the mother is Rh-negative and the infant is Rh-positive. Thanks to the use of special immune globulins called RhoGH

sinusitis may be caused by bacteria or a fungus.

e helpful for determining the stage of the cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option. CT scans can

o not wash their hands after contact with pets or pet feces. Reptiles, such as turtles, lizards, and snakes, are particularly likely to

y a certain strain of Salmonella, however, it is not common in the United States, frequently occurring in developing countries.
that others cannot interrupt you

ious Angry or argumentative False believes that others are trying to harm you or your loved ones.Disorganized schizophrenia sy

ple brain and spinal cord related tumors. They also can develop tumors of the nerves important for swallowing, speech, eye and

tic defect is not known. However, acoustic neuroma is often linked with the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2).A

Not enough calcium in the diet Too much calcium loss in the urineConditions that make it hard for the body to break down phos

sturbances, such as hypoglycaemia, hyponatremia or hypoxia Withdrawal from drugs (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and se

ive and helps children learn how to master their environment.It usually ends when the child is around 2 years old. At this age,
nfected and falling ill again) is common. Preliminary reports suggest that this may also be the case with SARS.Symptoms usually

hance that you will get sickle cell disease.

assive fibrosis can occur in either simple or accelerated silicosis, but is more common in the accelerated form. Progressive mas
y bedtimes Excessive time spent awake in bedDisorders include:Psycho-physiological insomnia: a condition in which stress caus

ght-time insomnia. Without treatment, the disease is invariably fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to coma an
be possible, but happens rarely)

common as people get older. Gender: Men have higher risk than women to develope small intestine cancer.
iopsy if something abnormal. Barium x-rays: This is an x-ray test that a person is given a medication that will temporarily slow b

s that often occur with social phobia include:Blushing Difficulty talking Nausea Profuse sweating TremblingSocial phobia is diffe

njected into a patient’s vein to create a better picture.Positron emission tomography (PET) scan: When doing this test, a small a

the spinal defect but the spinal cord remains in place.Other congenital disorders or birth defects may also be present in a child
ou may also have weakness in certain muscles. Sometimes, you may not notice it until your doctor examines you. In other case
l nerve roots. A herniated disc is one cause of radiculopathy (sciatica).Disc herniation occurs more frequently in middle-aged an
lso may increase your risk of disc herniation.

atio is 5 to 15%. The risk of fatal disease also increases with age.

se. When the cancer enlarges, the lump may be obvious in the abdomen.Whole body symptomsGeneral decline in health- This

mune system is not working well.Many other bacteria can also cause pneumonia. Viruses are also a common cause of pneumon

of drugs such as opiates, narcotics, sedatives, and anti-anxiety or seizure medications Side effect of almost any medicine, such

g are often unaware of their stuttering. In more severe cases, children may be more aware. Facial movements, anxiety, and incr
of tertiary syphilis include:Cardiovascular syphilis, which affects the aorta of the heart and causes aneurysms or valve disease C
se of the illness)Secondary syphilis, tertiary syphilis, and congenital syphilis are not seen as often in the United States as they w

y also trigger a tension headache.Other triggers of tension headaches include:Alcohol use Caffeine (too much or withdrawal) Co

f testicular cancer is increased in males with a testicle that does not move down into the scrotum. This risk does not change ev
es that changes in health are discussed and that problems are treated as soon as possible.Men with testicular cancer should dis

es to a suitable environment for growth.

 : You must inherit the defective gene from both parents to develop thalassemia major. Thalassemia minor occurs if you receive

mmune thrombocytopenia Hypersplenism (swollen spleen) Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Thrombotic thrombocytop

y, infection with HPV (human papilloma virus) has beeen shown to be a risk factor.Oral cancer accounts for about 8% of all mal

as though they have to do the behaviors.Many people with Tourette syndrome can stop doing the tic for periods of time. Howe
ell as arm and hand strength may also be compromised. Progression of the disease leads to full paralysis of the legs, requiring t
ost-infectious cases of transverse myelitis, immune system mechanisms, rather than active viral or bacterial infections, appear t

esults in poorer recovery outcomes.The majority of people with this disorder experience only one episode although in rare cas

gions of the world where drug-resistant TB is prevalent. Have been in frequent contact with someone who has drug-resistant TB
ing squirrels spread the bacteria.

ithine transcarbamylase deficiency is the most common of these disorders.

the flow of urine Kidney stones Staying still (immobile) for a long period of time (for example, while you are recovering from a

estrogen can also be produced by fat tissue. So, women with more fat tissue in their bodies have higher risk of developing endo

en described by their location in the uterus:Myometrial: in the muscle wall of the uterus Submucosal: just under the surface of

ccurs in young men and is generally not associated with any other disease. In most cases, the cause is unknown . However, som
n immunodeficiency virus (HIV) also increases the risk of vaginal cancer. Unhealthy lifestyle: Epidemiological research demonst

tion is another common cause. This infection leads to genital itching, a vaginal odor, and a heavy vaginal discharge, which may

for VHFs Seldom other viruses and bacteria can cause a hemorrhagic fever, such as scrub typhusThe virus responsible for the V

r Having a weakened immune system Exposure to children in a day care setting Exposure to someone with a recent viral infecti

needed to absorb vitamin B12. Surgeries that remove certain parts of your stomach or small intestine, such as some weight-lo

e risk of vulvar cancer goes up with age and the average age of women diagnosed with invasive vulvar cancer is 70.
of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord called meningitis (say men-in-ji-tuss). This can lead to permanent brain dama
read the virus to her child through breast milk.

rve during deep sleep, such as when a person is intoxicated Long-term pressure on the nerve, usually caused by swelling or inju

nemas and laxatives), or to decrease their appetite (diet pills)Other symptoms of anorexia may include:Blotchy or yellow skin th
iabetes. Many women with gestational diabetes develop diabetes within 5 - 10 years after delivery. The risk may be increased
and central Africa.In most cases of sporadic goiter the cause is unknown. Occasionally, certain medications such as lithium or am

se is one disorder that causes reduced aldosterone production.Any time potassium is released from the cells, it may build up in
tions that affect kidney function (potassium sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, amiloride, or triamterene) and potassium

r of the pancreas Liver disease

y, the loss occurs gradually over years. Many times, a person will have a fracture before becoming aware that the disease is pre

ular feminization True hermaphroditism Tumors of the pituitary or adrenal glands Tumors of the ovaries

dications. Medicines can help you feel more like your friends or family, and will also protect the bones from becoming too thin (

me gain as much as 25 - 30 pounds. This weight gain is not simply due to eating more.

health care provider about an appropriate diet and exercise program and realistic weight loss goals. If weight gain is caused by
men. Liver cancer can cause a firm, lumpy mass in the right upper quadrant. Liver enlargement (hepatomegaly) can cause a firm

ramp like pain is usually not serious and is more likely to be due to gas and bloating which is followed by diarrhea. More worris
se in your body, such as your chest or pelvic area. For example, you may have abdominal pain if you have:Endometriosis Heart
days Fever (over 100°F for adults or 100.4°F for children) with your pain Prolonged poor appetite Prolonged vaginal bleeding U

Cryptosporidium. Reaction to medicines. Antibiotics, blood pressure medications, cancer drugs, and antacids containing magn

ood vessels called arteriovenous malformations or AVMs)Eating black licorice, lead, iron pills, bismuth medicines like Pepto-Bis
mon, but may develop into cancer over timeA small number of people with polyps may also be linked to some inherited disorde

ms with the colon and rectum problems with intestinal function (chronic idiopathic constipation)People who eat a high-fiber di

mptoms for at least 12 weeks—not always consecutive—in the previous 12 months:straining during bowel movements lumpy o

Cryptosporidium. Reaction to medicines. Antibiotics, blood pressure medications, cancer drugs, and antacids containing magn

hagus Failure of the muscle ring at the bottom of the esophagus to relax (Achalasia) Scarring that narrows the esophagus. This m
r start to compress other nearby organs. The pain may be constant or it may come and go. Gallbladder enlargement or lump in
develop gallbladder cancer than the general population.Age: Clinical data shows most people with gallbladder cancer are older

r start to compress other nearby organs. The pain may be constant or it may come and go. Gallbladder enlargement or lump in
develop gallbladder cancer than the general population.Age: Clinical data shows most people with gallbladder cancer are older

atty and fried foods Garlic and onions Mint flavorings Spicy foods Tomato-based foods, like spaghetti sauce, salsa, chili, and piz

ach, making it show up on the x ray. If you have diabetes, your doctor may have special instructions about fasting. Normally, the
re there other symptoms with your heartburn?If you have not been able to improve your symptoms with home care, your doct

s such as dysfunction of the liver and spleen. Loss of appetite General decline in health Weakness or fatigue FeverInfections or

actional sodium excretion may stay below 1 percent, due to the gradual worsening of renal ischaemia. Other causes may includ

er (HNPCC): Clinical survey suggest that the lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in people with this condition may be as high as 70%

nce risk in throat cancer is highest during the first 2 to 3 years of diagnosis. Regular follow-up after the diagnosis and treatmen
sorbed. As a result, a person develops constipation. A person’s colon may respond strongly to stimuli such as certain foods or s

se illnesses may improve the symptoms of lactose intolerance. These may include:Surgery of the small intestine Infections in th

s such as dysfunction of the liver and spleen. Loss of appetite General decline in health Weakness or fatigue FeverInfections or

nectomy Transrectal appendectomy Transvaginal appendectomy Transvaginal nephrectomy Transvesical liver biopsy Ventral

lls that need to be broken down, and can cause more severe newborn jaundice:Abnormal blood cell shapes Blood type mismat

u might have GERD if you experience painful swallowing along with other symptoms, such as heartburn or chest pain. HIV: Esop
g and abnormal bleeding.Shwachman-Diamond syndrome also affects the pancreas, which is an organ that plays an essential ro
(fifth finger clinodactyly), and top portion of the ear folded over slightly of the ear folded over slightly Reproductive developme

athers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons.

ems may include:Impulsive behavior Poor judgment Short attention span Slow learningAs children with Down syndrome grow a

ut the disorder, analyze inheritance patterns and risks of recurrence and review available testing options with the family.

development will be checked.In some cases, a single measurement is enough to confirm that there is a size increase that needs

ers cyst formation is unknown. In early stages of the disease, the cysts cause the kidney to swell, disrupting kidney function and
cteristic features include muscle weakness, loss of muscle coordination (ataxia) and other problems with movement, speech pr

Getting lost on familiar routes Personality changes and loss of social skills Losing interest in things previously enjoyed; flat moo
ked a gene called APOE to late-onset Alzheimer’s. This gene has several forms. One of them, APOE ε4, increases a person’s risk

nus Years and photographer Liane Enkelis ’ incredible photographs and stories in On Being 100. There are quite a few autobiog

et fever, and measles Meniere's disease Regular exposure to loud noises (such as from work or recreation) Use of certain medi

kely to take small steps and shuffle with the feet close together. They also have trouble in turning around and keeping balance.

is called endocervical curettage (ECC).

 or urgency

n which the ovaries produce too much male hormones) Medications (testosterone, danazol, anabolic steroids, glucocorticoids,

nd 26 receive catch-up doses of this vaccine. Talk with your provider if you are in this age group.)Boys and men ages 9 - 26:May

nd 26 receive catch-up doses of this vaccine. Talk with your provider if you are in this age group.)Boys and men ages 9 - 26:May

metrial ablation

e (Aldactone)Shingles can lead to pain in the breast if the painful blistering rash appears on the skin over one of your breasts.

ormal cells), cervical cancer, or other pelvic cancer.

d internally to compare different versions of a page). But an empty line starts a new paragraph. When used in a list, a newline d

face Tiredness all the time

eping blood from flowing backward.Heart valve defects that can cause cyanosis include:Tricuspid valve (the valve between the

ment in contributing to this project.

e of the bottom box, and continue to click on it until you get to end of the edit box. This will put the disease name in all the mic
es, in the appropriate order, as seen here. For this you would type into the edit box of the home page ==Jaundice historical per

versity, Lahore, Pakistan ==Brief Biography==At the top right click on'edit source' to input the template.
pelling mistake occurs in a title such as STElevation Myocardial Infarction, it is not possible for a regular user to move the page

changes to pages you are interested in using a watch list. If you choose to give an email address, other users will be able to con

the symptoms of pericarditis?== ==What causes Pericarditis?== ==Who is at highest risk?== ==When to seek urgent medical ca

e a slow, unpleasant experience for the reader.Template:WikiDoc Sources

premature ventricular contractions; PVB; PVBs; PVC; PVCs; VEA; VEB; VEBs; VES; ventricular ectopic activity; ventricular ectopic
t by searching for the redirect you created.You can also create redirects for alternate spellings or errors that could be made wh

owledge are coming down. Knowledge workers are sharing information freely. Copyright is out, copyleft is in. Those communitie

mumps, measles)A decreased percentage of lymphocytes may be due to:Chemotherapy HIV infection Leukemia Radiation ther

abdomen (from a swollen spleen or liver) Weight loss for no known reason Pain in the bones or joints

multiple myeloma is almost twice as common among black Americans as white Americans. Gender: Men are slightly more likely
without any clear cause, especially among the elderly. Up to 3% of people who are in the hospital without a known blood disor
ed to an enzyme. If the target substance is in the sample, the test solution turns a different color. When the needle is inserted

e result is a faulty immune system response that attacks the antiserum. Immune system elements and the antiserum combine t

thing muscles are affected, the patient may show irregular breathing. No response to external stimuliDiseases with similar sym

most common electrolyte disorder in the United States.Causes of hyponatremia include:Burns Congestive heart failure Diarrh
 vere dehydration

the kidneys can restore the body to a proper acid-base balance.

ng Numbness and tingling Pain at site of bite Shock Skin color changes Swelling Thirst Tiredness Tissue damage Weakness Weak
n usual or is irritable You or your child is urinating much more than normal, especially if there is a family history of diabetes or y

knee that gets worse when going up and down stairs or inclines Torn cartilage (a meniscus tear) -- pain felt on the inside or out

dder infection or irritation may lead to a certain type of bladder cancer.RaceWhites get bladder cancer twice as often as African

nected to each other. Then, over a period of months, these blood vessels form a connection called a fistula (an arteriovenous fi

pressure medicines. The longer nightly treatments do a better job of removing waste products. They are done more slowly and

ence or other lasting damage to your penis may result from this condition.
inflammation in the kidney's filtering units.

inflammation in the kidney's filtering units.

vs. hemodialysis in terms of outcomes.

eral cancer Colon cancer Cervical cancer Uterine cancer Any cancer that spreads Idiopathic hydronephrosis of pregnancy
 larged prostate in men Bladder stones Neurogenic bladder, which can occur in people with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injur

run in families. It is caused by abnormal growth of cells in the walls of the arteries leading to the kidneys. This also leads to nar

o bring with you to the doctor.In some cases, you may experience some urinary incontinence for a period of time. You may nee

:Alcohol or ilicit drug intoxication An event in which not enough oxygen was going to the brain (heart stopped, stopped breath

:Alcohol or ilicit drug intoxication An event in which not enough oxygen was going to the brain (heart stopped, stopped breath

recur for a year or more without stopping (chronic).

hdrawn, easily upset, or confusedHave a hard time with tasks that require remembering or concentratingHave mild headaches

rlet fever, and measles Meniere's disease Regular exposure to loud noises (such as from work or recreation) Use of certain med
 when you change the position of your head. Labyrinthitis usually follows a cold or flu and is caused by a viral infection of the in

al nervous system, such as narcotics, phenytoin, or carbamazepine

n secondary headaches depend on the underlying cause. Except for headache, there may be other symptoms such as the follow

n span, poor judgment, and memory loss Difficulty reasoning and solving problems Depression or feelings of sadness Dizziness a

wheelchair.Those with a support system are often able to remain in their home.
ructions for use. Carefully read these instructions. Always use the oral dosing syringe that comes with rivastigmine solution to
tor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects. tell your doctor if you have or

own stairs, or accidentally being dropped from a caregiver's arms. Short falls may cause other types of head injuries, although t

city (increased muscle tone) Pain Weakness, paralysisWhen spinal injuries occur at chest level, symptoms can affect the legs:Lo
d abnormally during an accident or injury.Bleeding, fluid accumulation, and swelling can occur inside the spinal cord or outside

bed-bound, or have impaired mobility requiring a variety of assistive devices.

ce system works with the visual and skeletal systems (the muscles and joints and their sensors) to maintain orientation or balan
disorder, or blood flow problems.
e ear. It can occur after head injury, physical exertion or, rarely, without a known cause.
ms and health status. Because there are so many variables, not all patients will require every test.Some examples of diagnostic t
people, reducing alcohol, caffeine, and/or avoiding nicotine may be helpful. Some aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamic

be difficult to completely remove with surgery Desmoid tumor s are most common in people between the ages of 15 and 60 ye

se other cancers in the future, it is important to discuss with your doctor Chemotherapy There is no standard chemotherapy fo

hat your doctor monitor the growth of these tumors carefully

ed to other causes is falling.Other risk factors for cancers of the head and neck include the following:Paan (betel quid), immigra
nd do not clear; chronic sinus infections that do not respond to treatment with antibiotics; bleeding through the nose; frequen

tion of head and neck cancers. The CIS can be reached at 1–800–4–CANCER (1–800–422–6237) or by chatting with a cancer info

during treatment are loss of taste, which may decrease appetite and affect nutrition, and earaches (caused by the hardening o
or. Information about clinical trials is available in the NCI publication Taking Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies. This re

s such as dysfunction of the liver and spleen. Loss of appetite General decline in health Weakness or fatigue FeverInfections or

Asbestos Family history of lung cancer Radiation therapy to the lungs Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals such as uranium, b
CI fact sheet Radon and Cancer.Asbestos and other substances: People who have certain jobs (such as those who work in the c
ay lead to a certain type of bladder cancer.Some research has suggested a link between artificial sweeteners and bladder cance

ot with muscle strength.Less often, problems with one of the nerves or muscles, or Graves' disease restriction may cause strabi
oms like dry mouth or joint discomfort?Your health care provider may perform tearing tests that can help diagnose dry eyes. Ar

hen associated with visual loss or restriction in the visual field, should seek more urgent ophthalmologic evaluation.

there are two distinctly different foci, the lens is spherocylindrical. If there is an add, measure it. The spherical or spherocylindr

"pink eye." Bacterial conjunctivitis: Bacterial conjunctivitis due to the common pyogenic (pus-producing) bacteria causes marke
n a newborn caused by irritation, a blocked tear duct, or infection.
eye (the conjunctiva). This is often referred to as "pink eye."Corneal ulcers: Ulcers on the outer covering of the eye, usually bec

ot with muscle strength.Less often, problems with one of the nerves or muscles, or Graves' disease restriction may cause strabi

nia) Diabetes (fruity or sweet chemical smell with ketoacidosis) Esophageal cancer Gastric carcinoma Gastrojejunocolic fistula (

formed include:Blood tests to screen for diabetes or kidney failure Endoscopy (EGD) X-ray of the abdomen X-ray of the chestAn
inless until they grow very large and affect nerves or cause a tooth fracture. If left untreated, a tooth abscess can develop. Untr

tion, unless the eardrum has a hole from a previous episode.Acute ear infections occur most often in the winter. You cannot cat
n, or the following causes:Ear canal irritation from cotton-tipped swabs Soap or shampoo staying in the ear

nal changes increase the sensitivity of the gums) Uncontrolled diabetesMisaligned teeth, rough edges of fillings, and ill-fitting o

nal changes increase the sensitivity of the gums) Uncontrolled diabetesMisaligned teeth, rough edges of fillings, and ill-fitting o

pture of the eardrum TumorsSensorineural hearing loss results from a problem with the inner ear. The inner ear is responsible

mation and tenderness of the gums and unpleasant mouth odor. This is called pericoronitis.

immune system (for example, from the cold or flu) Hormone changes Irritation Stress Low levels of vitamin B12 or folateLess co

es go away sooner) Anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed for severe or persistent canker sores.
d may include:Controlling blood pressure Closing the blood vessel using heat, electric current, or silver nitrate sticks Nasal pack

n, or the following causes:Ear canal irritation from cotton-tipped swabs Soap or shampoo staying in the ear

f the liver Infections Other cancers Salivary duct stones Salivary gland infections Sarcoidosis Sjogren syndromeThe most commo

cal causes are rare, but may include lower spinal cord lesions, congenital malformations of the genitourinary tract, infections of
o not naturally descend into the scrotum are considered abnormal. An undescended testicle is more likely to develop cancer, ev

, as is death or loss of a loved one.

ourage physical activity. Develop awareness of situations and events that are stressful for children. These include new experien

e withdrawal rivals or exceeds that felt with other withdrawal syndromes.

ar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia Have easy access to drugs Have low self-esteem, or problems with relationshi

ant corollary of this principle is that, at every moment, the subject must have an easy way of terminating the exposure. By choo
ble bowel syndrome (IBS) Memory and concentration problems Numbness and tingling in hands and feet Palpitations Reduced
he Chest pain and heart rhythm disturbances Extreme hyperactivity and physical violence Heart attack Seizures Stroke Sudden

tails of a dream when he or she wakes up, and will not be disoriented after the episode.

ing awake during sleep Taking in sleep and saying things that do not make sense Walking during sleep Taking in sleep and sayin
dren ages 5 - 12. It appears to run in families.

preserved or superior in individuals with ADD." "The working memory deficit in many children with ADD is accompanied by m

a way that is somewhat non-violent, such as poisoning or overdose. Males, especially elderly men, are more likely to choose vio

hours Amphetamines: 24 to 48 hours Barbiturates: up to 6 weeks Benzodiazepines: up to 6 weeks with high level use Cocaine:

ases because of government regulations.Cigarette smoking increases the risk of getting asbestos-related diseases.
 mycoplasma pneumonia). Neck lump (with mycoplasma pneumonia). Rash (with mycoplasma pneumonia). Sore throat (with m

s no longer needed, it can be easily removed. Most people don't need medications to sedate or numb them while the chest tub

daily gets 300 “hits” of nicotine to the brain each day. In those who typically do not inhale the smoke—such as cigar and pipe sm
ar to that seen with other drugs of abuse, and is thought to underlie the pleasurable sensations experienced by many smokers9
pells if the heart is involved Nosebleed Swelling in the upper part of the abdomen

the spine from osteoporosis Muscle spasm (very tense muscles that remain contracted) Ruptured or herniated disk Spinal sten
What help will you need when you come home from the hospital? Do you have a family member, friend, or neighbor who can
part to replace your limb, may occur when:Your amputation wound is mostly healed Your stump is no longer tender to the touc
orter recovery time.Surgery occasionally reveals a normal appendix. In such cases, many surgeons will remove the healthy appe

ces of abdominal pain. Women of childbearing age should have a pregnancy test before undergoing x-rays or CT scanning. Both
, nausea or vomiting, constipation, pain that isn't relieved by available medication, cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain.

y, older age at menopause). SBE is often recommended on a monthly-to-every-few-months basis.Interestingly, while both SBE
pen gallbladder removal surgery takes about an hour.Laparoscopic gallbladder removalIt is the most common way to remove th

ower the night before or the morning of your surgery. Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.Prepare

air: Your surgeon will make 3 to 5 small incisions in your belly. Your surgeon will insert a laparoscope (a thin, hollow tube with a

gery. Take your drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water. Shower the night before or the morning of your su
ur parents have allergies, you are likely to have allergies. The chance is greater if your mother has allergies.Allergies may make

stingsPollens and other inhaled allergens rarely cause anaphylaxis. Some people have an anaphylactic reaction with no known c

lse Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath SweatingAbnormal breathing pattern (breathing out takes more than twice as lon

n allergy-causing drugs include:Sulfa drugs. Anticonvulsants. Insulin preparations (particularly animal sources of insulin). Iodinat

are young. Allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, and shellfish tend to be lifelong.In older children and adults, the most common food

clude eczema and asthma.Allergies are common. Your genes and environment may make you more prone to allergies.

o diagnose allergic reactions on the skin. Possible allergens are taped to the skin for 48 hours. The health care provider will loo
e popular and may one day prove to be useful for a variety of conditions as it continues to be explored by practitioners, patient

erol level is greatly affected by diet. Stress: Clinical researches demonstrate that stress may be a contributing factor for coronar

erol level is greatly affected by diet. Stress: Clinical researches demonstrate that stress may be a contributing factor for coronar
he pressure increases inside the lower chamber of the heart (the left ventricle). This causes the left ventricle to become thicker

out with age. When a valve becomes worn, the body deposits calcium on it for reasons that are unknown. The calcium restricts
ause this to occur.The extra work the heart has to perform may also cause chest pain or angina pectoris similar to the symptom

mal tissues (most often pig aortic valves), "homograft" or "allograft" valves retrieved from human cadavers, and "pulmonary aut
with each contraction to produce the same forward output, creating a condition called volume overload. The heart can compe

for all of these surgeries.If your aortic valve is too damaged, you will need a new valve. This is called replacement surgery. Your

an antibiotic to guard against infection.During the days before your surgery:Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on
e it easy, and be patient with yourself.
tissue. These valves last 10 to 12 years, but you may not need to take blood thinners for life.Once the new valve is working, you

p to your surgery.Prepare your house for when you get home from the hospital.The day before your surgery, shower and sham

ition called sick sinus syndrome, the sinus node may not work properly and the heart rate may alternate between slow and fas

our dose is correct. You need to watch for any bleeding or bruising, and let your doctor or nurse know if it happens. Your dentis
 much later in life into adulthood. Common symptoms include:An abnormal heart rhythm/heartbeat (arrhythmia) Heart failure

mine.Getting dialysis and taking high doses of diuretics raise your risk of beriberi.

of the heart.

h blood pressure, depression, and other mental illnesses. Abnormally high blood levels of calcium (hypercalcemia) or potassium

type amyloidosis) rarely affects the heart. However, one form of secondary amyloidosis called senile amyloidosis may involve t

yroid glandArrhythmias may also be caused by some substances or drugs, including:Alcohol, caffiene, or stimulants such as amp
toms. Thus, it's important to identify people who may be at high risk for the disease. This can help prevent future problems, su

critical for the regular contraction of these cells. Mutations in either the RYR2 and CASQ2 gene disrupt the handling of calcium

tupor Eyelid drooping Headaches with nausea or vomiting Muscle weakness or difficulty moving any part of the body Numbnes

hest pain:Pneumonia, which causes chest pain that usually feels sharp, and often gets worse when you take a deep breath or c
ger than 3 to 5 days.
 Drugs such as retinoic acid for acne, chemicals, alcohol, and infections (such as rubella) during pregnancy can contribute to som

ygen to the heart.Heart failure can also occur when an infection weakens the heart muscle. This condition is called cardiomyopa

may also be reversible if the valve problem is recognized early and fixed before permanent damage happens. People with heart

CABG may be done on an emergency basis, such as during a heart attack.

ncision is made down the center of your chest. The chest bone is then cut and your ribcage is opened so that the surgeon can g
ts forming in your blood vessels. Clots can travel to the brain or other parts of the body and block the flow of blood, which may
here an artery or vein was removed for grafting. After you leave the ICU, you'll be moved to a less intensive care area of the hos

k of heart disease than nonsmokers.Chronic kidney disease can increase your risk.Already having atherosclerosis or hardening o
me name which predicts the grade of the anatomic complexity and can be used as a decision-making tool. This score is a guide f
l cholesterol Triglycerides Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL cholesterol, though this is often calculated from the triglyceride le

ask Force, there is not enough evidence to recommend for or against cholesterol screening in children.

ble outlet right ventricle Endocardial cushion defect Pulmonary stenosis or atresia Single ventricle Transposition of the great ve
rhythmias)Other problems: Allergies (such as to mold, dander, or pollen) Climbing to high altitudes where there is less oxygen i

appear blue. However in most cases of Ebstein's anomaly, patients have a hole in the wall which separates the heart's two uppe

mation above somewhere.

cus. Staphylococcus aureus can infect normal heart valves, and is the most common cause of infectious endocarditis in intrave

n increased risk of MI of 0.21% (p=0.048) for dabigatran vs Warfarin (0.74% - 0.53%/year). The cost of a significant q wave MI is

g pills, steroids, and diuretics.Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a condition that starts with flu-like symptoms and lasts for 6 mo

d stomach area)If the infection spreads to the bloodstream, fever, rash, and arthritis -like symptoms may occur.
onomic status.

ld pain or discomfort. Some people don’t have symptoms at all (this is called a silent heart attack).
ed coronary artery disease. Myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle. Heart failure. Rheumatic fever. Cardiomyopathy,
eople.People who have a history of heart disease or heart attacks are more likely to have heart block. Examples of heart diseas

cal ID bracelet or necklace that states that you have a pacemaker. Certain medical procedures can disrupt pacemakers. Exampl

n of the inner lining of your heart and valves when bacteria or other germs lodge in your heart. endocarditis if left untreated ca

e doctor may not recommend a heart transplant if the patient may not be able to keep up with the many hospital and doctor's

ps the doctor determine if your body is rejecting the new heart, even before you have symptoms.You must take drugs that prev

ry syndrome, and kidney disease Excessive alcohol use Fatty diets that are high in saturated fats (found mainly in red meat, egg

underlying cause of the elevated blood pressure. Hypertension results compromise or imbalance of the pathophysiological mec
eventually causes the right side of the heart to fail.The only possibility of survival is a connection between the right and the left

n has been standing for a long time. Children usually outgrow this type of hypotension. Low blood pressure is commonly caused

om:Radio transmitters and high-voltage power lines Products that use magnetic therapy, such as some mattresses, pillows, and

tupor Eyelid drooping Headaches with nausea or vomiting Muscle weakness or difficulty moving any part of the body Numbne

inal pain Cough and runny nose

drome, and kidney disease Excessive alcohol use Fatty diets that are high in saturated fats (found mainly in red meat, egg yolks
dy aches Joint aches Stiff neck Fatigue Classic Lyme disease rash - Source: CDC.govLate Signs and Symptoms (days to months aft
West North-Central is at a heightened risk of exposure to Lyme disease.Seasonal Variation: The majority of Lyme disease cases a

are caused by rheumatic heart disease, a complication of untreated strep throat that is becoming less common.Congenital (pre

onnective tissue disorders, especially Marfan syndrome. Other conditions include:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Osteogenesis imperf
these types of surgery, but if not, your heart rate will be slowed by medicine or a mechanical device.If your surgeon can repair
that is only done in people who are too sick to have anesthesia. The results of this procedure are not long lasting.

an antibiotic to guard against infection.During the days before your surgery:Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on

ement surgery. Your surgeon will remove your mitral valve and sew a new one into place. There are two types of mitral valves:

ed to take an antibiotic to guard against infection.During the days before your surgery:Ask your doctor which drugs you should

hritis, sarcoidosis)
 an unhealthy focus on eating, dieting, losing or gaining weight, and body image. A person may be obese, follow an unhealthy d

ing. Also stay away from:Radio transmitters and high-voltage power lines. Products that use magnetic therapy, such as some m

cypromine) and tricyclics (such as nortriptyline, desipramine, and amitriptyline) Blood pressure medicines called calcium chann

heart muscle.Quickly opening a blockage lessens the damage during a heart attack by restoring blood flow to the heart muscle.
oon catheter. It expands when the balloon is inflated. The stent is left there to help keep the artery open.The stent may be coa

f people die during percutaneous coronary intervention.Complications from stents include:After percutaneous coronary interv
kely need to stay in the hospital overnight or longer. Your doctor may advise you not to drive for a certain amount of time after
ample, you may need to call if you have shortness of breath; a fever; or signs of infection, pain, or bleeding where the tubes we
ted cardiac abnormalities are known or suspected.

an be life-threatening.

p apneaIn many cases the cause is unknown, in which case the condition is known as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
 asing blood flow and can lead to chest pain.

en linked to severe OSA.

t yet been established.Hypertension: There is a definite link between hypertension and OSA. One out of every 2 people who ha

mic stroke includes anti-platelet drugs, anticoagulants, and carotid endarterectomy. For patients with hemorrhagic stroke, surge
 f major non-heart congenital defects. The cause of most congenital heart defects is unknown. Many factors seem to be involve

major non-heart congenital defects.The cause of most congenital heart defects is unknown. Many factors seem to be involved

valves Endocarditis infective endocarditis Subacute bacterial endocarditis non-infective endocarditis Libman–Sacks endocarditi

ammation of the heart muscle. Heart failure. Rheumatic fever. Cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle diseases. Sarcoidosis Degene

myocardial infarction may damage the distal conduction system of the heart, causing third-degree heart block. This is typically

ertigo) or dizziness Lack of control over the bladder or bowels Inability to recognize or identify sensory stimuli (agnosia)
Certain blood disorders, including polycythemia, sickle cell anemia, and syndromes where the blood is very thick Conditions th

moves through the body's general blood flow.The condition is the second most common cyanotic heart defect.
-Phen" (phentermine and fenfluramine) or dexfenfluramine.

r during massage. However, most of the time, no apparent cause of dissection can be identified. When vertebrobasilar disease

ns) large doses (≥1 g/day) of niacin or nicotinic acid large quantities of grapefruit juice (>1 quart daily)It is also important to tell
e on Vytorin. This is not a complete list of side effects. For a complete list, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

e and the symptoms of BPH but does not cure them. It may take a few weeks before you feel the full benefit of doxazosin. Con

at increase your risk of bleeding, including:Aspirin or aspirin containing products Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID

n works. Certain medicines may increase your risk of bleeding.Especially tell your doctor if you take:Ketoconazole (Nizoral®) Itr
day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.3. Hip or knee replacement surgery: Take rivaroxaban 1 time a day

such as fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), miconazole (Monistat), posaconazole (N

e change in any area of your body. Call your doctor immediately if your toes become painful or become purple or dark in color.

the popular belief that chocolate, nuts, and greasy foods cause acne, research does not confirm this idea. Diets high in refined

risk of skin cancer. Choose makeup carefully: All makeup should be oil free. Look for the word noncomedogenic on the label. T
 diseases such as syphilis Excessive shampooing and blow-drying Hormone changes Nervous habits such as continual hair pullin

yRingworm on the scalp may require the use of an oral drug, such as griseofulvin. Creams and lotions applied to the affected ar

er, AIDS, leukemia, an organ transplant, chemotherapy, or other conditions or medications that lower the number of normal w

ng starts, and then the skin rash follows as a result of scratching.

tions or soaps

n areas in the north (such as Minnesota). Also, people who live in the mountains get high levels of UV radiation. UV radiation is
 legs, even aneurysms and narrowing or blockage of the vessel. Genitals: Patients with Behçet's disease may develop sores on t
it may be due to one or more specific genes. Second, something in the environment, possibly a bacterium or virus, might trigge

nal yeast infections may be a sign of other health problems. Other vaginal infections and discharges can be mistaken for a vagi
and throat may swelland inhibit breathingWhile some symptoms may only affect certain parts of the body, other people may e

nd flu-like symptoms.

uterine herpes can cause:Eye disease, such as inflammation of the retina (chorioretinitis) Severe brain damage Skin sores (lesio

her skin disorder causes irritation.Common allergens associated with contact dermatitis include:Poison ivy, poison oak, poison

hows as dry, red, and rough skin. Cuts (fissures) may form on the hands. Skin may become inflamed with long-term exposure.
son sumac, and other plantsRubber or latex gloves or shoesAlthough you may not have a reaction to a substance when you are

dherent -- "dandruff" Itching -- may become more itchy if infected Mild redness Hair loss
d from minor injuries to your skin, scalp, or nails.

d. In severe respiratory diphtheria, cervical lymphadenopathy and soft-tissue swelling in the neck give rise to a “bull-neck” app

nevus can be found both in old people and in younger people. Gender: Men have a higher chance of developing dysplastic nev

an inflammatory bowel disease) and possibly lupus. Adults with this type of epidermolysis bullosa may also have symptoms of t
ill appear When the blisters break, they leave shallow ulcers that are very painful. These ulcers eventually crust over and slowl
mouth (saliva) or vaginal fluids.Because the virus can be spread even when there are no symptoms or sores present, a sexual pa

n is passed from one person to another through sexual contact involving the skin of the anus, mouth, or vagina, or the mucus m

diseases such as syphilis Excessive shampooing and blow-drying Hormone changes Nervous habits such as continual hair pullin

yRingworm on the scalp may require the use of an oral drug, such as griseofulvin. Creams and lotions applied to the affected ar

on has been infected for many years, his or her liver may be damaged. In many cases, there are no symptoms of the disease un
e there is the possibility of blood-to-blood contact (for example, sex during menstruation). The risk increases for those who ha
with the hepatitis C virus Having sexual contact with a person who is infected with the hepatitis C virus Sharing personal care it

ther hepatitis viruses for which there are vaccines (ie hepatitis A and hepatitis B) Completely cover any cut or wound with a wa

cts.Blood is potentially infectious during all phases of active hepatitis D infection. Peak infectivity probably occurs just before t
is or other infections
uids Weight loss

lead to blindness. Enlarged nerves (especially those around the elbow and knee). Stuffy nose. Nosebleeds. Ulcers on the soles
ed States. Most cases are limited to the South, California, Hawaii, and U.S. island possessions. Today effective medications are a
rosy. Despite the low risk of contracting the disease from contact with an armadillo, it is possible. In case of contact with an arm
s one out of four people. It is the leading cause of blindness among African children. Measles kills almost 1 million children in th

data suggest that melanoma can affect both the old and younger population.Gender: Men have a higher chance of developing m

tissue health, technician's error, and surgeon's error can introduce areas missing epithelial margin. Some surgeon consider 70%
as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism may cause brittle nails or splitting of the nail bed from the nail plate (onycholysis). Sever

e skin called nodular neurofibromas

n overlapping skin. Plaque: Thick, red patches of skin are covered by flaky, silver-white scales. This is the most common type of
Up to one-third of people with psoriasis may also have arthritis, a condition known as psoriatic arthritis.

rus as chickenpox. The virus can lie dormant in your body for many years and re-emerge as shingles. Childhood illnesses such a

more complicated skin disorders, a referral to a dermatologist may be necessary.

ain, stiffness, and swelling of fingers and joints Wrist painBreathing problems may result from scarring in the lungs and can incl
dherent -- "dandruff" Itching -- may become more itchy if infected Mild redness Hair loss

data suggests that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma increases with age.Gender: Men are at greater risk of developing squam
is or other infections

ondary lupus erythematosus; hair loss Skin: discoid lupus, faceDiseases that can have similar symptoms arePolyarthritis Pneum

blood clotting problems) Diarrhea Necrosis of tissues, such as fingers, toes and nose
this requires direct and close contact with the person with pneumonic plague. Transmission of these droplets is the only way th

odBecause type O lacks any surface molecules, type O blood does not cause an immune response. This is why type O blood cel

aired vision abnormalities of the menstrual cycle and sometimes breast discharge in women erectile dysfunction in men decrea
o reduce GH production. The hypothalamus makes another hormone called somatostatin, which inhibits GH production and re
 lung cancer.
es or joints

asaki disease Mumps Reye syndrome Some medications Various viral illnesses

n illness or an accident causes them to become worse. This is called an Addisonian crisis, or acute adrenal insufficiency. In mos
polyendocrine deficiency syndrome.The polyendocrine deficiency syndrome is classified into two separate forms, referred to a
m insect bites or stings. From donating blood. From a closed-mouth kiss (but there is a very small chance of getting it from open

ment Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee groundsSymptoms vary based on the severity of the disease. They are us

e power in the two eyes. For example, one eye may be very farsighted or nearsighted while the other eye may have normal visi
rring of words) Voice changes, hoarseness Weight loss

male or a female gender identity. During puberty, people with mild androgen insensitivity tend to experience female secondar

(hemolytic anemia) Surgery to the stomach or intestines that reduces the absorption of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid Too little

he frontal lobe of the brain. They frequently speak in short phrases that make sense but are produced with great effort. They oft
iverticulum Intussusception Henoch-Schõnlein purpura Lobar pneumoniaRegional enteritis Renal colic Perforated peptic ulcer

citis (associated with suppurative appendicitis) is more difficult to diagnose and is more apt to be complicated even when oper

syndrome) Rheumatoid arthritis (in adults) Scleroderma Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

ffected more severely than adults.

itated from soaps, laundry detergents, lotions, perfumes, or douches. Certain medications, smoking, tampons, and condoms m

uns about or climbs in inappropriate situations Has difficulty playing quietly Is often "on the go," acts as if "driven by a motor," t

e to look at objects that others are looking at Does not refer to self correctly (for example, says "you want water" when the ch
lso think about the risks of not having the vaccination.Some people believe that the small amount of mercury (called thimerosa
 n, ducks, and turkeys) or surfaces contaminated with secretion / excretions from infected birds. The spread of avian influenza v

more severe injuries that result from accidents or falls.Acquired conditions and diseases: Many medical problems can cause or c
can American women, for example, are two to three times more likely than white women to develop spondylolisthesis, a cond
yed Loss of self-esteem Thoughts of death and suicide Trouble getting to sleep or sleeping too much Pulling away from friends o
a manic episode in people with bipolar disorder:Life changes such as childbirth Medications such as antidepressants or steroid

cedures, especially if the same body part is being improved with each procedure Depression and anxiety, including suicidal tho

cribes how research studies are carried out and explains their possible benefits and risks. Further information about clinical tria

uscle pain in the chest and upper abdomen that gives the disease its name. In these people, the coxsackie virus infection has se

als that obstruct the intestines) Gallstones Hernias Impacted feces Intussusception Tumors blocking the intestines Volvulus

se with tetralogy of fallot, infections are more able to reach the brain from the intestines, teeth, or other body areas.
ween the ages of 40 - 70 Are much more common in women Are usually (90% of the time) benign, but still may cause devastati

reast cancer (in either her mother's or father's family) may also increase a woman's risk.Certain breast changes: Some women h

axillary tissues in the US (The American Cancer Society) 49% of women survive breast cancer if it is detected after it has attach
d to get better on their own in a few days or weeks. If they do not improve, your doctor may have to drain the blood.Lipoma --
andball Playing some musical instrumentsOther causes include wrist injury, or swelling due to certain diseases, such as rheuma

do, the lenses may need to be removed. Radiation cataract: Cataracts can develop after exposure to some types of radiation.Ca

the mouth An itchy skin rash, called dermatitis herpetiformis

g women who don't have regular Pap test s. The Pap test helps doctors find abnormal cells. Removing or killing abnormal cells u

atever physical activity you choose, be sure to talk to your doctor before you start. You'll need regular checkups after treatmen
ldren can still spread chickenpox to others.
other's blood help protect the children. Children under 1-year old whose mothers have not had chickenpox in their lifetime or i
he fungus is commonly seen raises your risk for this infection. You are more likely to develop a serious infection if: You are of N

dness can be congenital (from birth), or it can commence in childhood or adulthood. Some of the inherited diseases known to
ople who suffer from brain or retinal damage, or who take the drug hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), are at an increased risk of

condition may be as high as 70% to 80%.Turcot syndrome: This is a rare inherited condition in which people are at increased ris

d movement in limb because of tightened muscles and tendons (contracture) Muscle wasting Pain in the entire limbIf pain and
affected limb.
oducing) bacteria causes marked grittiness/irritation and a stringy, opaque, grey or yellowish mucopurulent discharge (mucus, g

ur after a corneal injury involving plant material, such as from a tree branch, or in immunosuppressed people.Acanthamoeba -

ve cells, and the bladder.

overgrowth and abnormal cell division.

the next most common form. It is the closure of one side of the suture that runs from ear to ear on the top of the head. It is m

when someone is exposed to contaminated products. Other nvCJD cases have occurred when people were given corneal trans

Balanced translocations usually do not cause any health problems; however, they can become unbalanced as they are passed

possible cause for inflammation may be the body’s reaction to these antigens, or that the antigens themselves are the cause fo
 y, or depression A fatty hump between the shoulders
cortisol into the bloodstream.These benign, or noncancerous, tumors of the pituitary gland secrete extra ACTH. Most people w

ment to the effect should be added to the discussion page for the affected AFD? I am just checking to see if there is a process an

system (psychomotor restlessness)

motional changes Sweating, especially on the palms of the hands or the face VomitingOther symptoms that may occur:Chest pai

orgetting events in your own life history, losing awareness of who you are Change in sleep patterns, often waking up at night M
nic alcohol abuseDementia usually occurs in older age. It is rare in people under age 60. The risk for dementia increases as a pe

family and friends, spending more time alone Use of alcohol or other illegal substancesIf these symptoms last for at least 2 we
ents with depression may also have:Anxiety disorders Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Bipolar disorder Eating di

older people will not admit to feeling depressed, for fear that they will be seen as weak or crazy. Some older people will not re
artial blockage of the ureters, and inherited genetic disorders. Sometimes the cause of nephrogenic DI is never discovered. Des

ch more concentrated than normal (hyperosmolarity).Hyperosmolarity is a condition in which the blood has a high concentrati

ed pressure in the colon, which may cause the colon lining to bulge out through weak spots in the colon wall. These bulges are

und waves bounce off the colon and other organs, and their echoes make electrical impulses that create a picture—called a son
fic part of the body. Multifocal dystonia involves two or more unrelated body parts. Segmental dystonia affects two or more ad
e defective gene appears to be sufficient to cause the chemical imbalances that may lead to dystonia; but the possibility exists

ous fluids, such as soiled clothing, bed linen, or used needles.People are infectious, as long as their blood and secretions contain
 ous pelvic surgeryIn a few cases, the cause is unknown.Sometimes, a woman will become pregnant after having her tubes tied

me self-centeredness, inability to make a decision, or withdrawal from social interaction Less interest in daily activities Memory
swells (cerebral edema), which may destroy nerve cells, cause bleeding in the brain (intracerebral hemorrhage), and brain dam

during pregnancy, women who have never been pregnant are exposed to estrogen for a longer time than women who have bee
e a rapid worsening within minutes to hours, from drowsiness to coma and death.

se in metabolism from the cancer.Infections or other health problems may also cause these symptoms, but only a doctor can g

es higher than the normal risk.Stomach bacteria: Epidemiological surveys demonstrate patients treated to get rid of H. pylori o
oma are linked to certain infections (described further on) that are more common in some parts of the world. Family history Ha

dy Anemia or other blood disorders Gastrointestinal problems that result in malabsorption or a lack of digestive enzymes Long-

ous complications may develop from parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy. Hydrops fetalis may occur, causing spontaneou

emolytic anemia
ilk and meat production go down.
allstones are called “silent stones.” They do not interfere with gallbladder, liver, or pancreas function and do not need treatme

ur risk is higher if you have a parent or grandparent with open-angle glaucoma. People of African descent are at particularly hig
ith acute episodes of hemolysis. Episodes are longer and more severe than in the other types of the disorder.

n infant's risk for group B streptococcal septicemia:History of giving birth to a baby with GBS sepsis Mother who has a fever (ov

rease in their energy level and endurance for exercise. They may avoid social contact, even avoid meeting with or talking to the

d head Numbness, decreased sensation Sensation changes Tenderness or muscle pain (may be a cramp -like pain) Uncoordinat
ease.Some people may get Guillain-Barré syndrome after a bacterial infection or certain vaccinations (such as rabies and swine
us anemia, a type of anemia caused by inadequate vitamin B12 in the body
llowing, or ear pain. Metastatic squamous neck cancer. Pain in the neck or throat that does not go away.These symptoms may
occupational exposure to wood dust; and consumption of certain preservatives or salted foods. Oropharynx. Poor oral hygiene

cessful definitive therapy, head and neck cancer patients face tremendous impacts on quality of life. Despite marked advances

osis may cause the following more serious problems:Arthritis Liver problems, such as cirrhosis (or scarring of the liver) and liver
tated gene, one from each parent.
aking vitamin C supplements may cause the body to absorb more iron. Persons with hemochromatosis should not take pills with

sed by chemicals or toxins Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) Sickle-cell anemia Hemoglobin SC disease (similar in sy

s may happen:after giving birth (postpartum), in people with certain autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, in peop

may be triggered by:Dehydration Eating too much protein Electrolyte abnormalities (especially a decrease in potassium) from v
minated with HAV. Drinking contaminated water. This is a common route of infection in underdeveloped countries. Chlorinated

n though gradual liver damage may be occurring. Over time, some people may develop symptoms of chronic liver disease, cirrh
ction.Ways of infection include:Blood transfusions (not common in the United States) Direct contact with blood in health care s
he body's immune system detects the infection, it sends out special cells to fight it off. However, these disease-fighting cells can

m insect bites or stings. From donating blood. From a closed-mouth kiss (but there is a very small chance of getting it from open
cal survey suggests that Hodgkin's lymphoma is most common in early adulthood (ages 15 to 40, especially in a person's 20s) an

dicines, or severe woundsHave long-term (chronic) lung diseaseBreathe saliva or food into their lungs as a result of not being fu

may resemble those of Parkinson's disease with rigidity, slow movements, and tremor.If one of your parents has Huntington's d
s is seen when vitamin D levels are low or when calcium is not absorbed from the intestines. Correcting the calcium level and th
e situations can cause the infant's lungs to mature sooner.

disease Too little or too much hormonesMALE INFERTILITY:Male infertility may be due to:A decrease in sperm count Sperm be

n autoimmune disorder.There are five different types of Crohn's disease:Ileocolitis is the most common form. It affects the low
n the blood, either accidentally or on purpose, is about as common as insulinoma.More than 90% of insulinomas are non-cance

BILD).There are dozens of different causes of ILD.Autoimmune diseases (in which the immune system attacks the body) such as

eding, which presses on or leaks into brain tissue. Blood clots can form and block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to incr

or colon Esophageal varices The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or arthritis medicines for a long time Peptic ulcer diseaseThe body m

from other foods. Cow's milk also can cause the intestines to lose small amounts of blood.Iron deficiency in children also can b

ed to kidney cancer. Advanced kidney disease: People with advanced kidney disease, especially those needing dialysis, have a h
ances, such as oxalate (the most common substance), phosphate, or carbonate to form the stone. Oxalate is present in certain

ears to be unaffected.The loss of language may be preceded by an epileptic seizure that usually occurs at night. At some time,

se of their language problems, these children may have difficulty in social settings. At times, language disorders may be part of
er children, but later. In language disorders, speech and language do not develop normally. The child may have some language
ot using three words At 18 months: is not saying, "Mama," "Dada," or other names At 24 months: is not using at least 25 words
Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Neisseria meningitidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Haem

and various organs to check for tumor and extent of spread. A dye may be injected to visualize better and take clearer images.

the bacteria spread beyond the gastrointestinal tract.Pregnant women: Pregnant women typically experience only a mild, flu -l
steria infections.Unlike most bacteria, Listeria can grow and multiply in some foods in the refrigerator.
kened immune systems - Individuals within this group also have a higher risk for Listeria infection due to underlying medical co

g chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gaso
uch as those who work in the construction and chemical industries) have an increased risk of lung cancer. Exposure to asbestos
a are linked to certain infections (described further on) that are more common in some parts of the world. Family history Havin
f their field of vision. In the later stages, patients may not be able to recognize faces until people are close to them. Dry macula

sed to treat heart disease or high blood pressure) Psychiatric medications Treatments involving several medications

s of the world, mosquitoes that carry malaria have developed resistance to insecticides and some antibiotics. This has led to diffi
heart stopped, stopped breathing, complications from receiving anesthesia) Brain growths (caused by tumors or infection) Bra

ain Loss of concentration

s a result of the fall in hormone levels, changes occur in the entire female reproductive system. The vaginal walls become less

ss, change in diet or exercise routine, recent weight loss or weight gain, travel, or illness

genital toxoplasmosis Encephalitis HIV infection Listeriosis MeningitisChromosomal abnormalities: Chromosome deletions (suc

curs in some people after they are exposed to certain chemicals and drugs, including:Anesthetics such as benzocaine Benzene C
al changes in women, during menstruation cycle, pregnancy or menopause.

onTB has become more common in the U.S. in recent years. This may be due to a larger number of TB infections in people with
vents in your own life history, losing awareness of who you are Having delusions, depression, agitation Having hallucinations, a

nt visits unfortunately also make the child accessible to her so that she can induce further symptoms. Changes in the child's con
 ith tinnitus (ear noises), a loss of hearing, or a full feeling or pressure in the affected ear. It is important to remember that all o
may be related to:Head injury Middle ear infection SyphilisOther risk factors include:Allergies Alcohol use Fatigue Recent viral il

e situations can cause the infant's lungs to mature sooner.

 rough the brain tracts. This occurs mostly in tumors of the head and neck. Iatrogenic - from surgical procedures involving remo
of ependymoma, medulloblastoma, germinoma and glioblastoma combined. Brain metastasis is one of the more obvious risk

ce status, multiple fixed neurological deficits, bulks CNS disease, co-existent carcinomatous encephalopathy and CSF flow abno

within the blood vessels, and when it is lost the fluid collects in the tissues of the body). Blood loss from the damaged kidney str

reactions, drugs like NSAIDs, vaccination like the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, tumors and viral infections.A complete

xia)Symptoms of Type D are similar to Type C.Type E occurs in adults. Symptoms include swelling of the spleen and brain and n
thought to be a variant of type C. This type of Niemann-Pick disease has only been found in the French Canadian population o

ts adults. However, children can get some forms of lymphoma. You are more likely to get lymphoma if you have a weakened im
pe having the highest rates.

include:Excess devotion to work Inability to throw things away, even when the objects have no value Lack of flexibility Lack of
 accounts for about 8% of all malignant growths. Men get oral cancer twice as often as women do, particularly men older than

or alcohol use Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (a long-term effect of excessive alcohol consumption or malnutrition) Withdrawal
enital area or on sanitary napkins may increase the chance of getting ovarian cancer. Life-style: A rich- fat diet and obesity may

dditional risk factors for OHSS include:Age younger than 35 Very high estrogen level while undergoing fertility treatments Polyc

eatic cancer. Family history -- The risk for developing pancreatic cancer triples if a person's mother, father, sister, or brother ha
ctures. The x-ray machine is shaped like a donut with a large hole. The patient lies on a bed that passes through the hole. As the
r often worry about the effects of their panic attacks.People with panic disorder may have symptoms of:Alcoholism Depression

is is seen when vitamin D levels are low or when calcium is not absorbed from the intestines. Correcting the calcium level and t

Patients may appear progressively memory loss, losing interest in things they previously enjoyed, difficulty communicating, rea
with Body OrgansPeople with nerve damage may have problems digesting food. You may feel full or bloated and have heartbur

utoimmunity against gastric parietal cells) or intrinsic factor itselfThe disease begins slowly and may take decades to fully estab
 ges: Abrupt mood changes Decreased interest in daily living activities Failure to recognize changes in behavior Failure to show

ng Weight gainWhen the posterior pituitary is involved (rare), symptoms may include:Failure of the uterus to contract as neede

surgery, or abortionsWomen who smoke or have their children at an older age may also have an increased risk.Possible causes

Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Neisseria meningitidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Haem

nsation) in an area Bloated feeling in abdomen Breathing difficulty Constipation Difficulty beginning to urinate Drooling Headac

a and Asia.
se sacs also are called cysts. Each month about 20 eggs start to mature, but usually only one matures fully. As this one egg grow

HDL (good) cholesterol.The chance of getting endometrial cancer is another concern for women with PCOS. Irregular menstrua

cal of anxiety, stress, and tension:Agitation or excitability Dizziness Fainting Feeling your heart beat in your chest Headache

toward self or others Loss of sex drive (may be increased in some women) Mood swings Poor judgment Poor self-image, feelin
 . However, children can get some forms of lymphoma. You are more likely to get lymphoma if you have a weakened immune s
ope having the highest rates.

A diet low in vegetables, fruits, and legumes Food low or deficient in Selenium

ohypoparathyroidism also involves low blood calcium and high blood phosphate levels, but persons with this form do not devel
during a search for the cause of pneumonia.

perature, and low blood pressure. This stage may result in death in up to 10% of people.After several cycles of fever, some peop
al cell carcinoma.Advanced kidney disease: People with advanced kidney disease, especially those needing dialysis, have a high

ation that can lead to cold and bluish arms and legs Severe language development problemsProblems in breathing pattern may

mmune globulins called RhoGHAM, this problem has become uncommon in the United States and other places that provide acc

reatment option. CT scans can also be used to guide biopsy and a biopsy sample is usually removed and looked at under a micr

snakes, are particularly likely to harbor Salmonella. Many chickens and young birds carry Salmonella in their feces.

rring in developing countries.

s.Disorganized schizophrenia symptoms may include:Problems with thinking and expressing ideas clearly Childlike behavior Sho

or swallowing, speech, eye and facial movement, and facial sensation. Determining the best management of the vestibular sch

urofibromatosis type 2 (NF2).Acoustic neuromas are relatively uncommon, but they are one of the most common types of brain

r the body to break down phosphate, including:Aluminum poisoning Certain types of cancer Kidney disease Malnutrition Mala

lsants, antidepressants, and sedatives such as alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines,) Space-occupying lesions in the brain

round 2 years old. At this age, toddlers begin to understand that parents may be out of sight now, but will return later. There is
se with SARS.Symptoms usually occur about 2 to 10 days after coming in contact with the virus, although there have been some

elerated form. Progressive massive fibrosis is caused by severe scarring and destroys normal lung structures.Intense exposure t
a condition in which stress caused by the insomnia makes it even harder to fall asleep Delayed sleep phase syndrome: your inte

eterioration leading to coma and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase can be irreversible.General symptoms includ

tine cancer.
tion that will temporarily slow bowel movement, so structures can be more easily seen on the x-rays. For this test, the patient d

TremblingSocial phobia is different from shyness. Shy people are able to participate in social functions. People with social phob

When doing this test, a small amount of a radioactive medium is injected into your body and absorbed by the organs or tissues

s may also be present in a child with myelomeningocele. Hydrocephalus may affect as many as 90% of children with myelomen
 or examines you. In other cases, you will notice that you have a hard time lifting your leg or arm, standing on your toes on one
re frequently in middle-aged and older men, especially those involved in strenuous physical activity. Other risk factors include a

sGeneral decline in health- This is because of the consumption of the cancer. Weakness or fatigue - The reason is also because t

o a common cause of pneumonia, especially in infants and young children. See also: Respiratory syncytial virus

t of almost any medicine, such as those used to treat seizures, depression, psychosis, and other illnesses.

l movements, anxiety, and increased stuttering may occur when they are asked to speak.Some people who stutter find that the
es aneurysms or valve disease Central nervous system disorders (neurosyphilis) Tumors of skin, bones, or liver (gumma)
n in the United States as they were in the past because of the availability of:Free, government-sponsored sexually transmitted d

ne (too much or withdrawal) Colds, the flu, or a sinus infection Dental problems such as jaw clenching or teeth grinding Eye stra

m. This risk does not change even after surgery to move the testicle into the scrotum. The increased risk applies to both testicle
with testicular cancer should discuss their concerns about sexual function and fertility with their doctor. It is important to know
mia minor occurs if you receive the defective gene from only one parent. Persons with this form of the disorder are carriers of

ITP) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

ccounts for about 8% of all malignant growths. Men get oral cancer twice as often as women do, particularly men older than 40

e tic for periods of time. However, they find that the tic is stronger for a few minutes after they allow it to start again. Often the
paralysis of the legs, requiring the patient to use a wheelchair.Pain is the primary presenting symptom of transverse myelitis in
or bacterial infections, appear to play an important role in causing damage to spinal nerves. Although researchers have not yet

ne episode although in rare cases recurrent or relapsing transverse myelitis does occur. Some patients recover completely, then

eone who has drug-resistant TB disease

 hile you are recovering from a hip fracture) Pregnancy Surgery or other procedure involving the urinary tract

e higher risk of developing endometrial cancer. After menopause, estrogen produced by the fat tissue has a larger influence tha

cosal: just under the surface of the uterine lining Subserosal: just under the outside covering of the uterus Pendunculated: occu

use is unknown . However, some evidence suggests it may be linked to Crohn's disease and possibly multiple sclerosis .Posterio
demiological research demonstrates smoking and alcohol increase th erisk of vaginal cancer. Age: Vaginal cancer is always foun

y vaginal discharge, which may be yellow-grey or green in color.Bubble baths, soaps, vaginal contraceptives, feminine sprays, an

sThe virus responsible for the VHF may be transmitted through:Contact with urine, fecal matter, saliva, or other body excretion

meone with a recent viral infection

estine, such as some weight-loss surgeries Taking antacids and other heartburn medicines for a long period of time

vulvar cancer is 70.

n lead to permanent brain damage or death.

ually caused by swelling or injury of nearby body structuresIn some cases, no cause can be found.If other nerves are also affect

nclude:Blotchy or yellow skin that is dry and covered with fine hair Confused or slow thinking, along with poor memory or judg
ery. The risk may be increased in obese women.
edications such as lithium or aminoglutethimide can cause a nontoxic goiter.

rom the cells, it may build up in the fluid outside the cells and in the bloodstream. Acidosis leads to the movement of potassium
or triamterene) and potassium supplements (especially intravenous potassium).
ng aware that the disease is present. By the time a fracture occurs, the disease is in its advanced stages and damage is severe. T

bones from becoming too thin (osteoporosis).

oals. If weight gain is caused by a physical illness, treatment (if there is any) for the underlying cause will be prescribed.If weigh
hepatomegaly) can cause a firm, irregular mass below the right rib cage, or on the left side in the stomach area. Neuroblastoma

owed by diarrhea. More worrisome signs include pain that occurs more often, lasts more than 24 hours, or occurs with fever. C
you have:Endometriosis Heart attack Muscle strain Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Pneumonia Severe menstrual cramps Tub
e Prolonged vaginal bleeding Unexplained weight loss

and antacids containing magnesium can all cause diarrhea. Intestinal diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, Crohn’s dis

smuth medicines like Pepto-Bismol, or blueberries can also cause black stools. Beets and tomatoes can sometimes make stools
nked to some inherited disorders, including:Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) Gardner syndrome (a type of FAP) Juvenile p

)People who eat a high-fiber diet are less likely to become constipated. The most common causes of constipation are a diet low

ing bowel movements lumpy or hard stool sensation of incomplete evacuation sensation of anorectal blockage/obstruction few

and antacids containing magnesium can all cause diarrhea. Intestinal diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, Crohn’s dis

t narrows the esophagus. This may be due to radiation, chemicals, medicines, chronic swelling, ulcers, or infection. Something s
ladder enlargement or lump in abdomen: Is because the cancer blocks the bile duct and bile builds up in the gallbladder to enla
th gallbladder cancer are older than 70.Gender: Epidemiology data shows women are about twice as likely to develop gallbladd

ladder enlargement or lump in abdomen: Is because the cancer blocks the bile duct and bile builds up in the gallbladder to enla
th gallbladder cancer are older than 70.Gender: Epidemiology data shows women are about twice as likely to develop gallbladd

hetti sauce, salsa, chili, and pizza.

ons about fasting. Normally, the stomach will be empty of all food after 12 hours of fasting. Gastroparesis is likely if the x ray sh
oms with home care, your doctor may prescribe medicine to reduce acid. These are stronger than over-the-counter medicines.

ss or fatigue FeverInfections or other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person

aemia. Other causes may include glomerular disease secondary to Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C, drug toxicity (notably gentamicin)

condition may be as high as 70% to 80%.Turcot syndrome: This is a rare inherited condition in which people are at increased ris

fter the diagnosis and treatment is very important to increase the chances of survival.
timuli such as certain foods or stress that would not bother most people. Recent research has reported that serotonin is linked

small intestine Infections in the small intestine (this is most often seen in children) Diseases that damage the small intestines,

ss or fatigue FeverInfections or other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person

ansvesical liver biopsy Ventral hernia repairEndoscopic drainage of pseudocyst Percutaneous enteral gastrostomy salvage Rob

cell shapes Blood type mismatch between the mother and the baby Bleeding underneath the scalp (cephalohematoma) cause

artburn or chest pain. HIV: Esophagus problems occur often in people with HIV. According to the AIDS Education and Treatmen
organ that plays an essential role in digestion. One of this organ's main functions is to produce enzymes that help break down
ightly Reproductive development issues: delayed sexual maturation, shawl scrotum in which the scrotum surrounds the penis;

n with Down syndrome grow and become aware of their limitations, they may also feel frustration and anger.Many different m

g options with the family.

ere is a size increase that needs to be tested further. More often, repeated measurements of the head circumference over a pe

disrupting kidney function and leading to chronic high blood pressure and kidney infections. The cysts may cause the kidneys t
ems with movement, speech problems, and mental illness. These signs and symptoms vary widely among people with late-onse

gs previously enjoyed; flat mood Difficulty performing tasks that require some thought, but which used to come easily (e.g., ba
OE ε4, increases a person’s risk of getting the disease. About 40 percent of all people who develop late-onset Alzheimer’s carry

There are quite a few autobiographies and biographies including Jeanne Calment: From Van Gough’s Time to Ours.Research su

recreation) Use of certain medicinesHearing loss may be present at birth (congenital) and can be due to:Birth defects that caus

g around and keeping balance. These abnormities may result in frequent falls. Freezing Constipation Dementia: Patients may ap
bolic steroids, glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, minoxidil, phenytoin)Rarely, a woman with hirsutism will have normal levels of ma

)Boys and men ages 9 - 26:May receive Gardasil to reduce the chance of becoming infected with genital and anal warts. The va

)Boys and men ages 9 - 26:May receive Gardasil to reduce the chance of becoming infected with genital and anal warts. The va

skin over one of your breasts.

When used in a list, a newline does affect the layout (see below). A single newline generally has no effect on the layout. These c

d valve (the valve between the two chambers on the right side of the heart) may be absent or unable to open wide enough. Pul

the disease name in all the microchapter navigation boxes, so that they link to the appropriate pages. Remove cells that are no
 page ==Jaundice historical perspective|Historical Perspective==. On the left side of the vertical line in the brackets is the link t

regular user to move the page with all its history. It is however possible to create a redirect. A new page ST Elevation Myocardi

, other users will be able to contact you by email. This feature is anonymous - the user who emails you will not know your ema

When to seek urgent medical care== ==Treatment options== ==Where to find medical care for Pericarditis== http://maps.google
pic activity; ventricular ectopic beat; ventricular ectopic beats; ventricular extrasystole; ventricular premature beat; ventricular
r errors that could be made when searching for a disease. For example, you could create redirects for "Alport's syndrome", "Al

opyleft is in. Those communities that share knowledge most freely, grow and innovate most rapidly. Distributed learning and c

ection Leukemia Radiation therapy or exposure SepsisAn increased percentage of monocytes may be due to:Chronic inflammat

er: Men are slightly more likely to get multiple myeloma than women.
al without a known blood disorder will have an abnormal direct Coombs' test.An abnormal (positive) indirect Coombs' test mea
r. When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensati

ts and the antiserum combine to form immune complexes, which cause inflammation and other symptoms.Certain medications

timuliDiseases with similar symptoms are:Syncope Epilepsy Dizziness Hysteria

Congestive heart failure Diarrhea Diuretic medications, which increase urine output Kidney diseases Liver cirrhosis Syndrome o
issue damage Weakness Weak pulseCoral snake bites may be painless at first. Major symptoms may not develop for hours. Do
a family history of diabetes or you are taking diuretics

-- pain felt on the inside or outside of the knee joint Torn ligament (ACL tear) -- leads to pain and instability of the knee Strain o

cancer twice as often as African Americans and Hispanics. The lowest rates are among Asians.Being a manMen are two to three

ed a fistula (an arteriovenous fistula, or AVF). A man-made bridge (arteriovenous graft, or AVG) can also be used to connect the

hey are done more slowly and are therefore easier on the heart and access site (AVF or AGF).A dialysis nurse can train patients
onephrosis of pregnancy
tiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or other nervous system (neurological) conditionsReflux nephropathy also can occur from swe

kidneys. This also leads to narrowing or blockage of these arteries.

a period of time. You may need to take steps to protect your clothing and bedding.

heart stopped, stopped breathing, complications from receiving anesthesia) Brain growths (caused by tumors or infection) Brai

heart stopped, stopped breathing, complications from receiving anesthesia) Brain growths (caused by tumors or infection) Brai

entratingHave mild headachesBe less tolerant of noise

recreation) Use of certain medicinesHearing loss may be present at birth (congenital) and can be due to:Birth defects that cau
sed by a viral infection of the inner ear. Meniere's disease is another common inner ear problem. It causes vertigo, loss of balan

er symptoms such as the following.Headache may be continuing. Fever Hemiplegia Nausea and vomiting Diplopia Anepia

r feelings of sadness Dizziness and balance problems Hearing lossSexual symptoms:Problems with erections Problems with vag
s with rivastigmine solution to measure your dose. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions about how to measu
tell your doctor if you have or have ever had asthma, an enlarged prostate or other condition that blocks the flow of urine, ulce

pes of head injuries, although these are often minor.

ymptoms can affect the legs:Loss of normal bowel and bladder control (may include constipation, incontinence, bladder spasms
nside the spinal cord or outside the spinal cord (but within the spinal canal). The accumulation of blood or fluid can compress th

o maintain orientation or balance. For example, visual signals are sent to the brain about the body's position in relation to its s
.Some examples of diagnostic tests the otolaryngologist may request are a hearing examination, blood tests, an electronystagm
de antibiotics, such as gentamicin and streptomycin, are used to treat Ménière's disease. Systemic streptomycin (given by injec

tween the ages of 15 and 60 years They are more common in females than males

no standard chemotherapy for desmoid tumor s But, promising new drugs have been shown to shrink these tumors It is impor

wing:Paan (betel quid), immigrants from Southeast Asia who use paan (betel quid) in the mouth should be aware that this habi
ding through the nose; frequent headaches, swelling or other trouble with the eyes; pain in the upper teeth; or problems with d

or by chatting with a cancer information specialist online through LiveHelp.Avoiding oral HPV infection may reduce the risk of H

hes (caused by the hardening of ear wax). Patients may also notice some swelling or drooping of the skin under the chin and ch
ment Research Studies. This resource describes how research studies are carried out and explains their possible benefits and r

ss or fatigue FeverInfections or other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person

g chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gaso
uch as those who work in the construction and chemical industries) have an increased risk of lung cancer. Exposure to asbestos
 sweeteners and bladder cancer. The evidence is weak.

ase restriction may cause strabismus.Other disorders associated with strabismus include:Brain and nerve disorders, such as trau
 can help diagnose dry eyes. Artificial tears may be prescribed.

mologic evaluation.

The spherical or spherocylindrical power and axis is recorded in minus cylinder form. The multifocal add, if present, is recorde

oducing) bacteria causes marked grittiness/irritation and a stringy, opaque, grey or yellowish mucopurulent discharge (mucus, g
overing of the eye, usually because of a bacterial or viral infection.Uveitis: Swelling of the uvea, which includes the iris, ciliary b

ase restriction may cause strabismus.Other disorders associated with strabismus include:Brain and nerve disorders, such as trau

oma Gastrojejunocolic fistula (fruity-smelling breath) Hepatic encephalopathy Diabetic ketoacidosis Lung abscess Ozena, or atr

e abdomen X-ray of the chestAntibiotics may be prescribed for some conditions. For an object in the nose, the doctor will use a
ooth abscess can develop. Untreated tooth decay also destroys the internal structures of the tooth (pulp) and ultimately cause

en in the winter. You cannot catch an ear infection from someone else, but a cold may spread among children and cause some o
g in the ear

edges of fillings, and ill-fitting or unclean mouth appliances (such as braces, dentures, bridges, and crowns) can irritate the gum

edges of fillings, and ill-fitting or unclean mouth appliances (such as braces, dentures, bridges, and crowns) can irritate the gum

ar. The inner ear is responsible for sending signals to the auditory (hearing) nerve. There is no cure for sensorineural hearing lo

of vitamin B12 or folateLess commonly, mouth sores can be a sign of an illness, tumor, or reaction to a medication. Such illnes

anker sores.
silver nitrate sticks Nasal packing Reducing a broken nose or removing a foreign body Reducing the amount of blood thinners o

g in the ear

ren syndromeThe most common type of salivary gland tumor is a slow-growing noncancerous (benign) tumor of the parotid gla

enitourinary tract, infections of the urinary tract, or diabetes.Bedwetting runs strongly in families.About 9% of boys and 6% of g
 ore likely to develop cancer, even if it is brought down into the scrotum. The other testicle is also more likely to develop cance

n. These include new experiences, fear of unpredictable outcomes, unpleasant sensations, unmet needs or desires, and loss. R

m, or problems with relationships Live a stressful lifestyle, economic or emotional Live in a culture where there is a high social a

minating the exposure. By choosing not to escape - and therefore practising a competing response - the subject thereby weake
and feet Palpitations Reduced ability to exercise Tension or migraine headaches
attack Seizures Stroke Sudden collapse (cardiac arrest)

sleep Taking in sleep and saying things that do not make sense

with ADD is accompanied by markedly slowed reaction times, a characteristic that covaries with poorer working memory in gen

n, are more likely to choose violent methods, such as shooting themselves. As a result, suicide attempts by males are more like

ks with high level use Cocaine: 2 to 4 days; up to 10 to 22 days with heavy use Codeine: 1 to 2 days Heroin: 1 to 2 days Hydromo

-related diseases.
 neumonia). Sore throat (with mycoplasma pneumonia).

numb them while the chest tube is removed. Antibiotics may be used to prevent or treat infection.In certain people, the chest

moke—such as cigar and pipe smokers and smokeless tobacco users – nicotine is absorbed through the mucosal membranes an
experienced by many smokers9. Nicotine’s pharmacokinetic properties also enhance its abuse potential. Cigarette smoking pro
ed or herniated disk Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) Spine curvatures (like scoliosis or kyphosis), which may be in
 r, friend, or neighbor who can help you? If not, ask your doctor or nurse for help planning for someone to come into your hom
is no longer tender to the touch
ns will remove the healthy appendix to eliminate the future possibility of appendicitis. Occasionally, surgery reveals a different

ing x-rays or CT scanning. Both use radiation and can be harmful to a developing fetus. Ultrasound does not use radiation and i
ness of breath, or chest pain.

s.Interestingly, while both SBE and CBE are part of routine clinical care, there are no studies that demonstrate that either of the
most common way to remove the gallbladder. A laparoscope is a thin, lighted tube that lets the doctor see inside your belly. Gal

arrive at the hospital.Prepare your home for after the surgery.

ope (a thin, hollow tube with a tiny camera on the end) through one of these incisions and other tools through the other incisio

efore or the morning of your surgery. Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.
as allergies.Allergies may make certain medical conditions such as sinus problems, eczema, and asthma worse.Allergies are rela

lactic reaction with no known cause.Anaphylaxis is life-threatening and can occur at any time. Risks include a history of any typ

ut takes more than twice as long as breathing in) Breathing temporarily stops Chest pain Nasal flaring Tightness in the chest

imal sources of insulin). Iodinated (containing iodine) x-ray contrast dyes (these can cause allergy-like anaphylactoid reactions)

adults, the most common food allergies are:Fish. Peanuts. Shellfish. Tree nuts.Food additives -- such as dyes, thickeners, and p

ore prone to allergies.

he health care provider will look at the area in 24 hours, and then again 48 hours later.Skin tests are most useful for diagnosing
plored by practitioners, patients, and investigators.Analgesic refers to the class of drugs that includes most painkillers, such as a

contributing factor for coronary artery disease. People under stress may overeat, start smoking or smoke more than they othe

contributing factor for coronary artery disease. People under stress may overeat, start smoking or smoke more than they othe
 eft ventricle to become thicker, decreasing blood flow and can lead to chest pain. As the pressure continues to rise, blood may

unknown. The calcium restricts or limits the motion of the valve leaflets. This may prevent the valve from opening (causing sten
pectoris similar to the symptoms of a heart attack. It may be difficult to tell the difference between heart valve disease and nar

n cadavers, and "pulmonary autograft" valves moved from the patient's pulmonary artery on the right side of the heart to the a
overload. The heart can compensate for this volume overload for many months or years provided the leakage develops slowly.

lled replacement surgery. Your surgeon will remove your aortic valve and sew a new one into place. There are two main types

ch drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery. If you smoke, you must stop. Ask your doctor for help. Always let your

e the new valve is working, your surgeon will:Close your heart and take you off the heart-lung machine. Place catheters (tubes)

your surgery, shower and shampoo well. You may be asked to wash your whole body below your neck with a special soap. Scru

lternate between slow and fast. As a result, there may not be enough blood to meet the needs of the body.Atrial fibrillation ca

know if it happens. Your dentist, doctors, and pharmacist should all know you take this medicine.
beat (arrhythmia) Heart failure High blood pressure, specifically within the lungs (pulmonary hypertension)

m (hypercalcemia) or potassium (hyperkalemia), as well as unusually low potassium levels (hypokalemia), also have been associ

enile amyloidosis may involve the heart and blood vessels. Senile amyloidosis is caused by overproduction of a different protein

ene, or stimulants such as amphetaminesBeta-blockersCigarette smokingDrugs that mimic the activity of the nervous systemM
 lp prevent future problems, such as serious arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) or SCA.

disrupt the handling of calcium within myocytes. During exercise or emotional stress, impaired calcium regulation in the heart c

any part of the body Numbness or decreased sensation in any part of the body Seizures Speech impairment Stiff neck (occasion

en you take a deep breath or cough A blood clot in the lung (pulmonary embolism), collapse of a small area of the lung (pneum
regnancy can contribute to some congenital heart problems.

condition is called cardiomyopathy.Other heart problems that may cause heart failure are:Congenital heart disease Heart attac

ge happens. People with heart failure caused by severe hypertension may see considerable improvement of their symptoms wh

ened so that the surgeon can get to your heart. Medicines are used to stop your heart, which allows the surgeon to operate on
k the flow of blood, which may cause a stroke or other problems. Recent technical improvements in heart-lung bypass machine
s intensive care area of the hospital for 3 to 5 days before going home.Your doctor will give you specific instructions for recover

g atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries in another part of your body (examples are stroke and abdominal aortic aneurysm
king tool. This score is a guide for selection of a revascularization procedure in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease
lculated from the triglyceride level) Other blood tests, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), may be added to the profile in some lab

e Transposition of the great vessels Ventricular septal defectThe abdominal and chest organs in babies with dextrocardia may
des where there is less oxygen in the air Compression of the chest wall Dust in the environment Hiatal hernia Obesity Panic atta

separates the heart's two upper chambers and the blood may flow across the hole. This may cause oxygen -poor blood to go to

ectious endocarditis in intravenous drug users. Less common causes of infectious endocarditis include pseudomonas, serratia,

ost of a significant q wave MI is $7000 (Source: Dr. David Cohen). Treatment of the 200 patients with dabigatran would yield 0.4

ke symptoms and lasts for 6 months or more. It is diagnosed after all other possible causes of fatigue are ruled out. Most peopl

oms may occur.

umatic fever. Cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle diseases. Sarcoidosis Degenerative muscle disorders Lev's disease and Lenegre's
block. Examples of heart disease that can lead to heart block include heart failure, coronary heart disease, and cardiomyopathy

an disrupt pacemakers. Examples include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrocauterization during surgery, and shockwa

endocarditis if left untreated can destroy your heart valves in people who already have heart valve abnormalities. Rheumatic fe

he many hospital and doctor's office visits, tests, and medications needed to keep the new heart healthy.

.You must take drugs that prevent transplant rejection for the rest of your life. You will need to understand how to take these

(found mainly in red meat, egg yolks, and high-fat dairy products) and trans fatty acids (found in commercial processed food pr

of the pathophysiological mechanisms, such as the hormone-regulating endocrine system, that regulate blood plasma volume
between the right and the left side of the heart, or between the arteries and pulmonary arteries (the blood vessels that carry

d pressure is commonly caused by drugs such as: Alcohol Anti-anxiety medications Certain antidepressants Diuretics Heart med

some mattresses, pillows, and massagers Electrical or gasoline powered appliancesIf you have a cell phone:Do not put it in a p

any part of the body Numbness or decreased sensation in any part of the body Seizures Speech impairment Stiff neck (occasio

d mainly in red meat, egg yolks, and high-fat dairy products) and trans fatty acids (found in commercial processed food product
Symptoms (days to months after tick bite): Severe headaches and neck stiffness Multiple erythema migrans rashes on other ar
ajority of Lyme disease cases are reported during the summer months of May to August. Case incidence increases in May, pea

g less common.Congenital (present from birth) mitral regurgitation is rare if it is not part of a more complex heart defect or syn

syndrome Osteogenesis imperfecta Polycystic kidney disease

evice.If your surgeon can repair your mitral valve, you may have:Ring annuloplasty -- The surgeon repairs the ring-like part arou
e not long lasting.

h drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery. If you smoke, you must stop. Ask your doctor for help. Always let your

are two types of mitral valves:Mechanical -- made of man-made (synthetic) materials, such as a metal like titanium. These valv

doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery. If you smoke, you must stop. Ask your doctor for help. Alwa
 e obese, follow an unhealthy diet, and have an eating disorder all at the same time.Sometimes, medical problems or treatmen

gnetic therapy, such as some mattresses, pillows, and massagers. Large electrical or gasoline powered appliances.If you have a

medicines called calcium channel blockers (such as nifedipine, amlodipine, diltiazem, felodipine, and verapamil) Hormones like

blood flow to the heart muscle. Percutaneous coronary intervention usually is the fastest way to open a blocked artery and is th
ery open.The stent may be coated with a drug (called a drug-eluting stent). This type of stent may lower the chance of the arter

percutaneous coronary intervention, the treated coronary artery can become narrowed or blocked again, often within 6 mont
a certain amount of time after the procedure, so you may have to arrange for a ride home.
r bleeding where the tubes were inserted. When you should call 9–1–1 (for example, if you have any chest pain).Your doctor w
pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). IPAH is rare. It affects more women than men.If it is caused by a known medicine or me
e out of every 2 people who have OSA are diagnosed with high blood pressure . The relationship between hypertension and OS

with hemorrhagic stroke, surgery may be recommended to treat these disorders or prevent another one. Rehabilitation is need
Many factors seem to be involved. Factors that increase the risk for this condition during pregnancy include:Alcoholism in the m

ny factors seem to be involved.Factors that increase the risk for this condition during pregnancy include:Alcoholism in the mot

ditis Libman–Sacks endocarditis Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis Valves mitral regurgitation prolapse stenosis aortic steno

e diseases. Sarcoidosis Degenerative muscle disorders Lev's disease and Lenegre's disease. Certain types of surgery also may da

ee heart block. This is typically extensive, permanent damage to the conduction system, necessitating a permanent pacemaker

ensory stimuli (agnosia)

ood is very thick Conditions that cause blood vessels problems such as fibromuscular dysplasia, systemic lupus erythematosus,

c heart defect.
When vertebrobasilar disease is present in a younger person, dissection of one of the arteries is often the cause.Other less co

daily)It is also important to tell your doctor if you are taking coumarin anticoagulants (drugs that prevent blood clots, such as w
e full benefit of doxazosin. Continue to take doxazosin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking doxazosin without talking to you

nti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Warfarin sodium (Coumadin®, Jantoven®) Any medicine that contains heparin Clopidogrel (Pla

ake:Ketoconazole (Nizoral®) Itraconazole (Onmel™, Sporanox®) Ritonavir (Norvir®) Lopinavir / ritonavir (Kaletra®) Indinavir (Cri
Take rivaroxaban 1 time a day with or without food. If you miss a dose of rivaroxaban, take it as soon as you remember on the

ole (Monistat), posaconazole (Noxafil), terbinafine (Lamisil), voriconazole (Vfend); antiplatelet medications such as cilostazol (Pl

ecome purple or dark in color. You may need medical care right away to prevent amputation (removal) of your affected body p

m this idea. Diets high in refined sugars may be related to acne, though.

noncomedogenic on the label. This means that the makeup will not clog up your pores. But some people still get acne even if th
bits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing Radiation therapy Thyroid diseases Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) Tum

tions applied to the affected area may not get into the hair follicles to kill the fungus.

ower the number of normal white blood cells or weaken the immune system.

of UV radiation. UV radiation is present even in cold weather or on a cloudy day.Scars or burns on the skin Infection with certain
disease may develop sores on their genitals, feeling pain and leaving scars.Diseases with similar symptoms include:Erythema no
bacterium or virus, might trigger or activate the disease in susceptible people.

rges can be mistaken for a vaginal yeast infection. Repeat infections that occur immediately after treatment, or a yeast infectio
 the body, other people may experience symptoms that affect their whole body. Some of the more serious signs and symptom

brain damage Skin sores (lesions)

Poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac Other plants Nickel or other metals MedicationsAntibiotics, especially those applied to th

med with long-term exposure.

on to a substance when you are first exposed to it, regular use can eventually cause sensitivity and a reaction to the product.So
k give rise to a “bull-neck” appearance. Systemic complications, including myocarditis and polyneuropathies, can result from a

ce of developing dysplastic nevus than women.

a may also have symptoms of these other conditions.Mild cases of epidermolysis bullosa simplex may not be diagnosed until ad
eventually crust over and slowly heal over 7 - 14 days or moreOther symptoms that may occur include:Enlarged and tender lym
ms or sores present, a sexual partner who has been infected with herpes in the past but has no active herpes sores can still pass

uth, or vagina, or the mucus membrane. It is possible for genital warts and HPV to spread, even when no warts can be seen. Yo

bits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing Radiation therapy Thyroid diseases Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) Tum

tions applied to the affected area may not get into the hair follicles to kill the fungus.

no symptoms of the disease until liver problems have developed. In persons without symptoms, hepatitis C is often detected du
isk increases for those who have multiple sex partners, have a sexually transmitted disease, or are infected with HIV.
C virus Sharing personal care items, such as razors or toothbrushes, that may have come in contact with the blood of an infecte

ver any cut or wound with a waterproof dressingIf you have hepatitis C you should not:share injecting equipment donate blood

y probably occurs just before the onset of acute disease.

osebleeds. Ulcers on the soles of feet. Since leprosy affects the nerves, loss of feeling or sensation can occur.
day effective medications are available, and isolation of victims in "leper colonies" is unnecessary. The emergence of drug-resis
e. In case of contact with an armadillo, if you decide to see a doctor, make sure to provide a complete history of armadillo cont
s almost 1 million children in the world each year.

a higher chance of developing melanoma than women.

in. Some surgeon consider 70% epithelial margin acceptable, while other suggests 100% margin. In the ideal situation, 100% of
e nail plate (onycholysis). Severe illness or surgery may cause horizontal depressions in the nails (Beau's lines). Psoriasis may ca
his is the most common type of psoriasis. Pustular: White blisters are surrounded by red, irritated skin.

gles. Childhood illnesses such as chicken pox, measles, roseola, rubella, hand-foot-mouth disease, fifth disease, and scarlet feve

arring in the lungs and can include:Dry cough Shortness of breath WheezingDigestive tract problems may include:Bloating afte
reater risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma than women.
mptoms arePolyarthritis Pneumonitis Lung cancer Acute pericarditis
hese droplets is the only way that plague can spread between people.This type of spread has not been documented in the Unit

se. This is why type O blood cells can be given to patients of any blood type. People with type O blood are called universal dono

ctile dysfunction in men decreased libido

h inhibits GH production and release. Normally, GHRH, somatostatin, GH, and IGF-I levels in the body are tightly regulated by ea
 te adrenal insufficiency. In most cases, symptoms are severe enough that patients seek medical treatment before a crisis occur
wo separate forms, referred to as type I and type II. Type I occurs in children, and adrenal insufficiency may be accompanied by:
l chance of getting it from open-mouthed or "French" kissing with an infected person because of possible blood contact).

erity of the disease. They are usually worse after a recent period of heavy drinking.

other eye may have normal vision. Again the brain receives different images from the two eyes and suppresses the image from
to experience female secondary sex characteristics, such as breast enlargement. Many of them have partial closing of the outer

amin B12, or folic acid Too little thyroid hormone (underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism) Testosterone deficiency

duced with great effort. They often omit small words such as “is,” “and,” and “the.” For example, a person with Broca’s aphasia
al colic Perforated peptic ulcer Testicular torsion Pancreatitis Rectus sheath hematoma Pelvic inflammatory disease Ectopic pre

e complicated even when operated early. In either condition prompt diagnosis and appendectomy yield the best results with fu

king, tampons, and condoms may also cause or worsen vaginal dryness.

acts as if "driven by a motor," talks excessivelyImpulsivity symptoms:Blurts out answers before questions have been completed

"you want water" when the child means "I want water") Does not point to direct others' attention to objects (occurs in the first
nt of mercury (called thimerosal) that is a common preservative in multidose vaccines causes autism or ADHD. However, studie
The spread of avian influenza viruses from one ill person to another has been reported very rarely, and has been limited, ineffi

edical problems can cause or contribute to back pain. They include: Scoliosis, a curvature of the spine that does not usually cau
velop spondylolisthesis, a condition in which a vertebra of the lower spine— also called the lumbar spine— slips out of place.Th
uch Pulling away from friends or activities that were once enjoyedThere is a high risk of suicide with bipolar disorder. Patients m
h as antidepressants or steroids Periods of sleeplessness Recreational drug use

anxiety, including suicidal thoughts.

r information about clinical trials is available at http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials on the NCI’s Web site. The Web site offers

coxsackie virus infection has settled in the muscles of the chest and upper abdomen, causing inflammation there. The chest pai

king the intestines Volvulus

, or other body areas.

n, but still may cause devastating complications and death due to their size or location. Some are cancerous and aggressive.Oth

breast changes: Some women have cells in the breast that look abnormal under a microscope. Having certain types of abnorma

t is detected after it has attached itself to the chest wall and chest lymph nodes in the US (The American Cancer Society) 16% o
ve to drain the blood.Lipoma -- a collection of fatty tissueMilk cysts (sacs filled with milk) and infections (mastitis), which may tu
ertain diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. A number of medical problems are associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, includ

e to some types of radiation.Cataracts develop more quickly if there are some environmental factors, such as smoking, exposu

oving or killing abnormal cells usually prevents cervical cancer.Smoking:Among women who are infected with HPV, smoking cig

gular checkups after treatment for cervical cancer. Checkups help ensure that any changes in your health are noted and treate
chickenpox in their lifetime or if they hadn't received the vaccination against chickenpox can get severe chickenpox.Suffering fr
erious infection if: You are of Native American, African or Philippine descent You have a weakened immune systems due to AID

e inherited diseases known to cause color blindness are:Cone dystrophy Cone-rod dystrophy Achromatopsia (aka rod monochr
nil), are at an increased risk of color blindness.

hich people are at increased risk of adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer.Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: People with this syndro

n in the entire limbIf pain and other symptoms are severe or long-lasting, many people may experience depression or anxiety.
copurulent discharge (mucus, gowl, goop, gunk, eye crust, or other regional names, officially known as' gound') that may cause

essed people.Acanthamoeba - These parasites can lead to acanthamoeba keratitis mostly in contact lens users, especially thos

on the top of the head. It is more common in girls.Metopic synostosis is a rare form of craniosynostosis that affects the suture

eople were given corneal transplants from infected donors, and from contaminated electrodes that were used in brain surgery

unbalanced as they are passed to the next generation. Children who inherit an unbalanced translocation can have a chromosom

ns themselves are the cause for the inflammation. Scientists have found that high levels of a protein produced by the immune s
ete extra ACTH. Most people with the disorder have a single adenoma. This form of the syndrome, known as Cushing’s disease,

g to see if there is a process and that it is being followed. Thanks. Edison 03:45, 3 May 2007 (UTC)Please read this thread to get

toms that may occur:Chest pain Fever Stomach pain

rns, often waking up at night More difficulty reading or writing Poor judgment and loss of ability to recognize danger Using the
for dementia increases as a person gets older.

symptoms last for at least 2 weeks and affect your mood or ability to function, get treatment.Suicide is a risk for all teenagers w
DHD) Bipolar disorder Eating disorders (bulimia and anorexia)

y. Some older people will not report their depression because they believe that feeling sad is normal, or that nothing can be do
enic DI is never discovered. Desmopressin will not work for this form of DI. Instead, a person with nephrogenic DI may be given

e blood has a high concentration of salt (sodium), glucose, and other substances that normally cause water to move into the b

e colon wall. These bulges are diverticula.Lack of exercise also may be associated with a greater risk of forming diverticula, alth

at create a picture—called a sonogram —on a video monitor. If the diverticula are inflamed, the sound waves will also bounce o
ystonia affects two or more adjacent parts of the body. Hemidystonia involves the arm and leg on the same side of the body.
tonia; but the possibility exists that another gene or genes and environmental factors may play a role. Researchers have identifi

eir blood and secretions contain the virus. For this reason, infected patients receive close monitoring from medical professional
ant after having her tubes tied (tubal sterilization). Ectopic pregnancies are more likely to occur 2 or more years after the proce

rest in daily activities Memory loss (amnesia), impaired short-term or long-term memory
al hemorrhage), and brain damage.

time than women who have been pregnant. This increases the risk of endometrial cancer.TamoxifenTamoxifen is one of a group
mptoms, but only a doctor can give a proper diagnosis. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so their prob

treated to get rid of H. pylori often get adenocarcinoma of the esophagus more often than expected.Injury to the esophagus: C
of the world. Family history Having a first degree relative (parent, child, sibling) with NHL increases your risk of developing NHL

ack of digestive enzymes Long-term gastroenteritis and gastroesophageal reflux (usually temporary) Cerebral palsy Long-term (

may occur, causing spontaneous abortion.

 ction and do not need treatment.

n descent are at particularly high risk for this disease.Angle-closure (acute) glaucomaIt occurs when the exit of the aqueous hum
the disorder.

sis Mother who has a fever (over 100.4 degrees F) during labor Mother who has group B streptococcus in her gastrointestinal, r

d meeting with or talking to their friends. Some patients may have deficient interest in sexual activity. Some may show the sign

a cramp -like pain) Uncoordinated movementAdditional symptoms may include:Blurred vision Clumsiness and falling Difficulty m
tions (such as rabies and swine flu). A similar syndrome may occur after surgery, or when critically ill.
go away.These symptoms may be caused by cancer or by other, less serious conditions. It is important to check with a doctor o
Oropharynx. Poor oral hygiene; HPV infection and the use of mouthwash that has a high alcohol content are possible, but not

life. Despite marked advances in reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and conse

r scarring of the liver) and liver cancer High blood sugar and diabetes Abdominal pain that does not go away Severe fatigue (fee

atosis should not take pills with more than 500 milligrams of vitamin C per day. Eating foods that contain vitamin C is fine. Bloo

oglobin SC disease (similar in symptoms to sickle-cell anemia) Thalassemia Hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency Paroxysm

as rheumatoid arthritis, in people with certain types of cancer (most commonly lymphomas and Leukemia (patient information

decrease in potassium) from vomiting, or from treatments such as paracentesis or taking diuretics ("water pills") Bleeding from
veloped countries. Chlorinated water, such as tap water in developed countries, kills HAV.

ms of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.More than 90% of healthy adults who are infected with the hepatitis B vir
tact with blood in health care settings Sexual contact with an infected person Tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles or in
these disease-fighting cells can lead to liver inflammation.

l chance of getting it from open-mouthed or "French" kissing with an infected person because of possible blood contact).
 especially in a person's 20s) and in late adulthood (after age 55).Gender: Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs slightly more often in me

lungs as a result of not being fully alert or problems swallowingAre older

our parents has Huntington's disease, you have a 50% chance of getting the gene for the disease. If you get the gene from your
recting the calcium level and the underlying problem will bring the parathyroid levels in the normal range.If the parathyroid gla
rease in sperm count Sperm being blocked from being released Sperm that do not work properlyMale infertility can be caused

ommon form. It affects the lowest part of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine (colon). Ileitis affects the ileum. Gas
% of insulinomas are non-cancerous (benign) tumors. People with the genetic syndrome called multiple endocrine neoplasia typ

stem attacks the body) such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma. Certain infections. Certain medication

ebrospinal fluid, leading to increased fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus).

Peptic ulcer diseaseThe body may not absorb enough iron in the diet due to:Celiac disease Crohn's disease Gastric bypass surge

eficiency in children also can be related to lead poisoning.

those needing dialysis, have a higher risk of kidney cancer. The reasons may be the accumulation of the metabolic toxin. A fami
e. Oxalate is present in certain foods. Diseases of the small intestine increase the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones. Cystine

occurs at night. At some time, 80 percent of children with LKS have one or more seizures. The seizures usually stop by the time

guage disorders may be part of the cause of severe behavioral problems.

child may have some language skills, but not others. Or, the way in which these skills develop will be different than usual.
s: is not using at least 25 words At 30 months: is not using two-word phrases, including phrases that include both a noun and a
 ebsiella pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae are other bacteria that can cause pneumonia. Tuberculosis can cause pneum

etter and take clearer images. Inform the doctor if there is a prior allergy to the contrast dye. CAT scan confirm the location of

ly experience only a mild, flu -like illness. However, infections during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature d

n due to underlying medical conditions such as cancer and immunosuppresive therapy (i.e., steroids, chemotherapy, radiation)

d gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust

g cancer. Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer. The risk is hig
 he world. Family history Having a first degree relative (parent, child, sibling) with NHL increases your risk of developing NHL.Ex
e are close to them. Dry macular degeneration generally affects both eyes, but vision can be lost in one eye while the other eye

several medications

e antibiotics. This has led to difficulty in controlling both the rate of infection and subsequent spread of the disease.
sed by tumors or infection) Brain infections such as Lyme disease, syphilis, or HIV /AIDS Brain surgery, such as surgery to treat s

The vaginal walls become less elastic and thinner. The vagina becomes shorter(vaginal atrophy). Lubricating secretions from th

es: Chromosome deletions (such as cri du chat syndrome Chromosomal translocations (a gene is located in an unusual spot on

s such as benzocaine Benzene Certain antibiotics (including dapsone and chloroquine) Nitrites (used as additives to prevent me
of TB infections in people with AIDS and HIV, an increase in the number of immune-suppressing medications, and increasing nu
itation Having hallucinations, arguments, striking out, violent behavior Having more difficulty reading or writing Having poor ju

oms. Changes in the child's condition are almost never witnessed by hospital staff and almost always occur only in the mother'
portant to remember that all of these symptoms are unpredictable. Typically, the attack is characterized by a combination of ve
ohol use Fatigue Recent viral illness Respiratory infection Smoking Stress Use of certain medications, including aspirinGenetics
gical procedures involving removal of a primary brain tumor Primary neoplastic meningitis has also been documented particula
s one of the more obvious risk factors for neoplastic meningitis. Coexisting brain metastasis are associated with neoplastic men

ephalopathy and CSF flow abnormalities will do poorly with intensive treatment of disease. Death typically results from progres

s from the damaged kidney structures leads to blood in the urine.Acute nephritic syndrome may be associated with the develo

nd viral infections.A complete list of possible causes of nephrotic syndrome can be found here.

g of the spleen and brain and nervous system (neurological) problems. Little is known about this rare type of Niemann-Pick dise
French Canadian population of Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia.There may also be an adult-onset form of Niemann-Pick disease

oma if you have a weakened immune system or have had an organ transplant.This type of cancer is slightly more common in m

value Lack of flexibility Lack of generosity Not wanting to allow other people to do things Not willing to show affection Preoccu
o, particularly men older than 40.

n or malnutrition) Withdrawal from drugs (especially sedative - hypnotics and corticosteroids)Infections:Any sudden onset (acu
A rich- fat diet and obesity may increase the risk of getting ovarian cancer. Age: Clinical data suggest most ovarian cancers deve

going fertility treatments Polycystic ovarian syndrome

er, father, sister, or brother had the disease. Also, a family history of colon or ovarian cancer increases the risk of pancreatic ca
passes through the hole. As the bed moves slowly through the hole, the machine takes many x-rays. The computer puts the x-r
toms of:Alcoholism Depression Drug abusePanic attacks cannot be predicted. At least in the early stages of the disorder, there

rrecting the calcium level and the underlying problem will bring the parathyroid levels in the normal range.If the parathyroid g

d, difficulty communicating, reading or writing, difficulty with performing tasks. With time goes on, more signs such as withdraw
l or bloated and have heartburn after eating only a little food. Sometimes you may vomit food that has not been digested well.

may take decades to fully establish. Although the congenital form occurs in children, pernicious anemia usually does not appea
es in behavior Failure to show emotional warmth, concern, empathy, sympathy Inappropriate mood Not caring about events o

the uterus to contract as needed to give birth to a baby (in women) Failure to produce breast milk (in women) Uncontrolled uri

n increased risk.Possible causes of placenta previa include:Abnormal formation of the placenta Abnormal uterus Large placenta

ebsiella pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae are other bacteria that can cause pneumonia. Tuberculosis can cause pneum

ing to urinate Drooling Headache Irritability or poor temper control Muscle contractions or muscle spasms in the calf, neck, or
ures fully. As this one egg grows, the follicle accumulates fluid in it. When that egg matures, the follicle breaks open to release

with PCOS. Irregular menstrual periods and the absence of ovulation cause women to produce the hormone estrogen, but not

eat in your chest Headache

dgment Poor self-image, feelings of guilt, or increased fears Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little) Slow, sluggish, leth
ou have a weakened immune system or have had an organ transplant.This type of cancer is slightly more common in men than

ons with this form do not develop the physical characteristics seen in those with Type Ia.All forms of pseudohypoparathyroidism
eral cycles of fever, some people may develop dramatic central nervous system signs such as seizures, stupor, and coma. The B
 e needing dialysis, have a higher risk of renal cell carcinoma. The reasons may be the accumulation of the metabolic toxin.A fam

blems in breathing pattern may be the most upsetting and difficult symptom for parents to watch. Why they happen and what t

d other places that provide access to good prenatal care.

ved and looked at under a microscope.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): An MRI uses magnetic fields but it is a different type

nella in their feces.

as clearly Childlike behavior Showing little emotionCatatonic schizophrenia symptoms may include:Lack of activity Muscles and

nagement of the vestibular schwannoma s as well as the additional nerve, brain, and spinal cord tumors is more complicated th

he most common types of brain tumors.The tumor is usually found at the base of the brain.

ney disease Malnutrition MalabsorptionVitamin D disorders (often seen in children with malnutrition and older adults who do

e-occupying lesions in the brain (abscesses, tumors) Seizures during (or shortly after) pregnancy can be a sign of eclampsia. Sei

w, but will return later. There is also a normal desire to test their independence.To get over separation anxiety, children must:F
although there have been some cases where the illness started considerably sooner or later. Those with active symptoms of illn

g structures.Intense exposure to silica can cause disease within a year, but it usually takes at least 10 - 15 years of exposure bef
eep phase syndrome: your internal clock is constantly out of synch with the accepted day/night phases; for example, patients f

sible.General symptoms include:Anxiety Drowsiness Fever Headache Increased sleepiness Insomnia at night Mood changes Sw

rays. For this test, the patient drinks a millkshake-like substance called barium. X-ray method called fluroscopy tracks how the b

ctions. People with social phobia are constrained by their condition to the point that it affects their ability to function in work a

sorbed by the organs or tissues. This radioactive substance gives off energy which in turn is used to produce the images. PET ca

0% of children with myelomeningocele. Other disorders of the spinal cord or musculoskeletal system may be seen, including sy
 , standing on your toes on one side, squeezing tightly with one of your hands, or other problems.The pain, numbness, or weakn
vity. Other risk factors include any conditions present at birth (congenital) that affect the size of the lumbar spinal canal.

e - The reason is also because the cancer wastes your energy.Infections or other health problems may also cause these sympto

syncytial virus

people who stutter find that they don't stutter when they read aloud or sing.
bones, or liver (gumma)
ponsored sexually transmitted disease clinics Screening tests for syphilis Public education about STDs Prenatal screening

ching or teeth grinding Eye strain Excessive smoking Fatigue or overexertionTension headaches can occur when you also have a

sed risk applies to both testicles. Congenital abnormalities: Men born with abnormalities of the testicles, penis, or kidneys, as w
doctor. It is important to know that men with testicular cancer often have fertility problems even before their cancer is treated
 of the disorder are carriers of the disease and usually do not have symptoms.

particularly men older than 40.

allow it to start again. Often the tic slows or stops during sleep.
mptom of transverse myelitis in approximately one-third to one-half of all patients. The pain may be localized in the lower back
ough researchers have not yet identified the precise mechanisms of spinal cord injury in these cases, stimulation of the immun

tients recover completely, then experience a relapse. Others begin to recover, then suffer worsening of symptoms before recov
 urinary tract

tissue has a larger influence than it did before menopause.Tamoxifen: As a drug used to treat chest cancer, Tamoxifen effects th

the uterus Pendunculated: occurring on a long stalk on the outside of the uterus or inside the cavity of the uterus

bly multiple sclerosis .Posterior uveitis may develop in people who have an autoimmune disease or who have had a systemic (b
: Vaginal cancer is always found in women above 70 years old.

traceptives, feminine sprays, and perfumes can cause irritating itchy rashes in the genital area, while tight-fitting or nonabsorbe

saliva, or other body excretions from infected rodents Mosquito or tick bites When crushing a tick. Some of these vectors may

ong period of time

d.If other nerves are also affected, the health care provider should look for a medical problem that can affect nerves. Medical c

ong with poor memory or judgment Depression Dry mouth Extreme sensitivity to cold (wearing several layers of clothing to sta
to the movement of potassium from inside the cells to the fluid outside the cells. Tissue injury can cause the cells to release po
stages and damage is severe. The leading causes of osteoporosis are a drop in estrogen in women at the time of menopause an

ause will be prescribed.If weight continues to be a problem despite diet and exercise, talk with your health care provider about
e stomach area. Neuroblastoma, a cancerous tumor, often found in the lower abdomen, that mainly occurs in children and infa

4 hours, or occurs with fever. Colicky pain is pain that comes in waves. It usually starts and ends suddenly, and is often severe.
a Severe menstrual cramps Tubal (ectopic) pregnancy Urinary tract infections

wel disease, colitis, Crohn’s disease, and celiac disease often lead to diarrhea. Functional bowel disorders. Diarrhea can be a sy

es can sometimes make stools appear reddish. In these cases, your doctor can test the stool with a chemical to rule out the pre
rome (a type of FAP) Juvenile polyposis (disease that causes many benign growths in the intestine, usually before 20 years old)

es of constipation are a diet low in fiber or a diet high in fats, such as cheese, eggs, and meats.Fiber—both soluble and insoluble

rectal blockage/obstruction fewer than three bowel movements per weekA physical exam may include a rectal exam with a glo

wel disease, colitis, Crohn’s disease, and celiac disease often lead to diarrhea. Functional bowel disorders. Diarrhea can be a sy

ulcers, or infection. Something stuck in the esophagus, such as a piece of food. Scleroderma, a disorder in which the immune sy
lds up in the gallbladder to enlarge. Sometimes a doctor can feel this enlargement during the physical exam Digestive problem
ce as likely to develop gallbladder cancer as men.Smoking: Smoking may increase the risk of gallbladder cancer.

lds up in the gallbladder to enlarge. Sometimes a doctor can feel this enlargement during the physical exam Digestive problem
ce as likely to develop gallbladder cancer as men.Smoking: Smoking may increase the risk of gallbladder cancer.

roparesis is likely if the x ray shows food in the stomach. Because a person with gastroparesis can sometimes have normal emp
n over-the-counter medicines. Any sign of bleeding will need more testing and treatment.

octor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and trea

ug toxicity (notably gentamicin) or contrast nephropathy.

hich people are at increased risk of adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer.Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: People with this syndro
ported that serotonin is linked with normal gastrointestinal (GI) functioning. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, or chemical, that d

t damage the small intestines, such as celiac sprue or crohn diseaseBabies may be born with a genetic defect and are not able t

octor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and trea

nteral gastrostomy salvage Robotic-assisted laparoscopic transvaginal nephrectomy Staging (Cancer) Transanal rectosigmoid r

alp (cephalohematoma) caused by a difficult delivery Higher levels of red blood cells, which is more common in small-for-gesta

AIDS Education and Treatment Center Program, Candida infection is the most common cause. Sometimes antiretroviral agents
nzymes that help break down and use the nutrients from food. In most infants with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, the panc
e scrotum surrounds the penis; less often, males have undescended testiles (cryptorchidism) Mild to moderate neurological del

on and anger.Many different medical conditions are seen in people with Down syndrome, including:Birth defects involving the

head circumference over a period of time are needed to confirm that the head circumference is increased and the problem is

e cysts may cause the kidneys to increase production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates production of red blood cell
 y among people with late-onset forms of Tay-Sachs disease.

ch used to come easily (e.g., balancing a checkbook, playing complex games such as bridge, and learning new information or ro
op late-onset Alzheimer’s carry this gene. However, carrying the APOE ε4 form of the gene does not necessarily mean that a pe

ugh’s Time to Ours.Research suggests that centenarians have little in common physically. They are physically active people, mos

due to:Birth defects that cause changes in the ear structures Genetic conditions (more than 400 are known) Infections the mo

tion Dementia: Patients may appear progressively memory loss, losing interest in things they previously enjoyed, difficulty com
m will have normal levels of male hormones, and the specific cause of the unwanted hair growth cannot be identified.

genital and anal warts. The vaccine is not yet being recommended for all boys and men up to age 26. The vaccine can prevent

genital and anal warts. The vaccine is not yet being recommended for all boys and men up to age 26. The vaccine can prevent
no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. Some editors find that this aids editing an

able to open wide enough. Pulmonary valve (the valve between the heart and the lungs) may be absent or unable to open wid

pages. Remove cells that are not relevant to the disease that you are working on. Click save at the bottom of the edit box. You n
line in the brackets is the link to the page, and on the right side is how we want the link to appear on the page. It would look lik

ew page ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction must be created first, and the contents from the old page must be copied manually

ils you will not know your email address. You don't have to give your email address if you don't want to. Check the privacy poli

ericarditis== http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|Pericarditis}}}}&sll=37.0
lar premature beat; ventricular premature beats; ventricular premature complex; ventricular premature complexes; ventricula
ts for "Alport's syndrome", "Alpert syndrome", or "Alpert's syndrome". For more help on how to create redirects, click here.Te

idly. Distributed learning and collaboration are the keys to success in the future. Knowledge workers are demanding free acces

y be due to:Chronic inflammatory disease Parasitic infection Tuberculosis Viral infection (for example, infectious mononucleos
tive) indirect Coombs' test means you have antibodies that will act against red blood cells your body views as foreign. This may
l only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.

symptoms.Certain medications (such as penicillin, cefaclor, and sulfa) can cause a similar reaction. Unlike other drug allergies,

ases Liver cirrhosis Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) Sweating Vomiting Anti-epileptic drugs -
may not develop for hours. Do NOT make the mistake of thinking you will be fine if the bite area looks good and you are not in
d instability of the knee Strain or sprain -- minor injuries to the ligaments caused by sudden or unnatural twisting Less common

ing a manMen are two to three times more likely than women to get bladder cancer.Family historyPeople with family member

an also be used to connect the artery and vein. An AVG can be used for dialysis within several weeks. An AVF has a lower chan

dialysis nurse can train patients to do home dialysis. Patients do not have to buy a machine. Supplies can be delivered. Both the
opathy also can occur from swelling of the ureters after a kidney transplant or from injury to the ureter.

ed by tumors or infection) Brain infections such as Lyme disease, syphilis, or HIV / AIDS Brain surgery, such as surgery to treat s

ed by tumors or infection) Brain infections such as Lyme disease, syphilis, or HIV / AIDS Brain surgery, such as surgery to treat s

e due to:Birth defects that cause changes in the ear structures Genetic conditions (more than 400 are known) Infections the m
m. It causes vertigo, loss of balance, and ringing in the ears.Much less commonly, vertigo or feeling unsteady is a sign of stroke, m

vomiting Diplopia Anepia

th erections Problems with vaginal lubricationSpeech and swallowing symptoms:Slurred or difficult-to-understand speech Trou
questions about how to measure your dose of rivastigmine solution.Rivastigmine oral solution may be swallowed directly from
at blocks the flow of urine, ulcers, abnormal heart beats, or other heartor lung disease. tell your doctor if you are pregnant, pla

, incontinence, bladder spasms) Numbness Sensory changes Spasticity (increased muscle tone) Pain Weakness, paralysisInjurie
f blood or fluid can compress the spinal cord and damage it.Most spinal cord trauma happens to young, healthy individuals. Me

dy's position in relation to its surroundings. These signals are processed by the brain, and compared to information from the ve
 blood tests, an electronystagmogram (ENG--a test of the vestibular system), or imaging studies of the head and brain.The calo
mic streptomycin (given by injection) and topical gentamicin (given directly to the inner ear) are useful for their ability to affect t

shrink these tumors It is important to discuss these different options with your doctor and seek second opinions if possible

should be aware that this habit has been strongly associated with an increased risk of oral cancer.Preserved or salted foods, co
upper teeth; or problems with dentures.Salivary glands. Swelling under the chin or around the jawbone, numbness or paralysis

ection may reduce the risk of HPV -associated head and neck cancers. However, it is not yet known whether the Food and Drug

the skin under the chin and changes in the texture of the skin. The jaw may feel stiff, and patients may not be able to open the
ns their possible benefits and risks.

octor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and trea

d gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust

g cancer. Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer. The risk is hig
nd nerve disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, or Guillain-Barre syndrome Diabetes (causes a conditi
focal add, if present, is recorded as a plus add. Focus the lensometer before each reading. Carefully fine-tune the power and th

copurulent discharge (mucus, gowl, goop, gunk, eye crust, or other regional names, officially known as' gound') that may cause
which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. This is often related to an autoimmune disorder, infection, or exposure to tox

nd nerve disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, or Guillain-Barre syndrome Diabetes (causes a conditi

osis Lung abscess Ozena, or atrophic rhinitis Periodontal disease Pharyngitis Zenker's diverticulum

the nose, the doctor will use an instrument to remove it.

oth (pulp) and ultimately causes the loss of the tooth.

mong children and cause some of them to get ear infections.

nd crowns) can irritate the gums and increase the risk of gingivitis.Medications such as phenytoin and birth control pills, and he

nd crowns) can irritate the gums and increase the risk of gingivitis.Medications such as phenytoin and birth control pills, and he

re for sensorineural hearing loss. People with this type of hearing loss may benefit from hearing aids or a cochlear implant.Cau

on to a medication. Such illnesses can be grouped into several broad categories:Autoimmune disorders (including systemic lup
the amount of blood thinners or stopping aspirinYou may be referred to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist to diagnose a

benign) tumor of the parotid gland that gradually increases the size of the gland. However, some of these tumors can be cancer

s.About 9% of boys and 6% of girls still wet the bed at age 7. The numbers drop slightly by age 10. Although the problem goes a
o more likely to develop cancer, even if it descended properly.Bringing the testicle into the scrotum can improve sperm produc

et needs or desires, and loss. Recognize signs of unresolved stress in your child. Keep your child informed of necessary and anti

e where there is a high social acceptance of drug useCommonly abused substances include:Opiates and narcotics are powerfu

se - the subject thereby weakens the arousal-escape connection. The arousal experienced at any point should be the maximum
poorer working memory in general". "Individuals with ADD have difficulty maintaining a sufficiently high level of motivation to

ttempts by males are more likely to be completed.Relatives of people who attempt or commit suicide often blame themselves

ys Heroin: 1 to 2 days Hydromorphone: 1 to 2 days Methadone: 2 to 3 days Morphine: 1 to 2 days Phencyclidine (PCP): 1 to 8 d
on.In certain people, the chest tube may be inserted using a minimally invasive technique guided by x-ray or ultrasound. Chest

gh the mucosal membranes and reaches peak blood levels and the brain more slowly.Immediately after exposure to nicotine, t
otential. Cigarette smoking produces a rapid distribution of nicotine to the brain, with drug levels peaking within 10 seconds of
s or kyphosis), which may be inherited and seen in children or teens Strain or tears to the muscles or ligaments supporting the
meone to come into your home. Is your bathroom and the rest of your house safe for you to move around in? Will you be able

ally, surgery reveals a different problem, which may also be corrected during surgery. It is not clear if the appendix has an impo

nd does not use radiation and is not harmful to a fetus.There are no actual tests to confirm that you have appendicitis. Other ill

demonstrate that either of these techniques, when performed as stand-alone examinations, actually improves clinical outcom
octor see inside your belly. Gallbladder removal surgery is done while you are under general anesthesia (unconscious and not a

r tools through the other incisions. The laparoscope is connected to a video monitor in the operating room that allows your sur
asthma worse.Allergies are relatively common. Both genetics and environmental factors play a role.

sks include a history of any type of allergic reaction.

aring Tightness in the chest

y-like anaphylactoid reactions).Most side effects of drugs are not due to an allergic reaction. For example, aspirin can cause no

such as dyes, thickeners, and preservatives – may rarely cause an allergic or intolerance reaction.An allergy syndrome that affe

are most useful for diagnosing:Food allergy. Mold, pollen, animal, and other allergies that cause allergic rhinitis and asthma. Pe
udes most painkillers, such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen. The word analgesic is derived from ancient Greek and m

or smoke more than they otherwise would. These behavior may increase the risk of incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Weig

or smoke more than they otherwise would. These behavior may increase the risk of incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Weig
re continues to rise, blood may back up into the lungs, and you may feel short of breath. Severe forms of aortic stenosis preven

alve from opening (causing stenosis) or closing (causing leakage or regurgitation). Less common causes of aortic valve disease in
en heart valve disease and narrowing of the blood vessels to the heart itself (coronary arteries).Aortic valve disease may also c

right side of the heart to the aortic position on the left.The decision on the type of valve used should be made in conjunction w
ed the leakage develops slowly. Eventually, the heart begins to fail producing shortness of breath and fatigue.

ace. There are two main types of new valves:Mechanical: Made of man-made materials, such as titanium or ceramic. These val

doctor for help. Always let your doctor know if you have a cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or any other illness in the time leadi

achine. Place catheters (tubes) around your heart to drain fluids that build up. Close your breastbone with stainless steel wires

r neck with a special soap. Scrub your chest two or three times with this soap. You also may be asked to take an antibiotic to pr

of the body.Atrial fibrillation can affect both men and women. It becomes more common with increasing age.Causes of atrial fib
pertension)

alemia), also have been associated with acquired Brugada syndrome. In addition to causing a nongenetic form of this disorder,

roduction of a different protein. The condition is becoming more common as the average age of the population increases.There

ctivity of the nervous systemMedications used for depression or psychosisSometimes anti-arrhythmic medications prescribed
alcium regulation in the heart can lead to ventricular tachycardia in people with CPVT. Stress and exercise can trigger episodes.

impairment Stiff neck (occasionally) Vision changes (double vision, loss of vision)NOTE: A ruptured aneurysm is a medical emer

a small area of the lung (pneumothorax), or inflammation of the lining around the lung (pleurisy) can cause chest pain that usua
enital heart disease Heart attack Heart valve disease Some types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)Other diseases that c

ovement of their symptoms when they control their hypertension. But the majority of patients have heart failure as a result of

ows the surgeon to operate on it while it's not beating. You're also given medicines to protect your heart function during the ti
ts in heart-lung bypass machines are helping reduce the risk of blood clots forming. In general, the risk of complications is highe
specific instructions for recovering at home, especially concerning:How to care for your healing incisions.How to recognize sign

and abdominal aortic aneurysm) increases your risk of having coronary heart disease.Other risk factors include alcohol abuse, n
tivessel coronary artery disease. All cause mortality rate among patients with a coronary artery disease -associated SYNTAX sco
added to the profile in some laboratories.

babies with dextrocardia may be abnormal and may not work correctly. A very serious syndrome that appears with dextrocard
Hiatal hernia Obesity Panic attacks

use oxygen -poor blood to go to the rest of the body. There may also be narrowing of the valve that leads to the lungs (pulmon

nclude pseudomonas, serratia, and candida.

with dabigatran would yield 0.4 of an MI at an increased cost of $2800.Treating 200 patients with dabigatran for a year costs an

tigue are ruled out. Most people with CFS do not get much relief from rest.
 ers Lev's disease and Lenegre's disease. Certain types of surgery also may damage the heart's electrical system and lead to hea
rt disease, and cardiomyopathy (heart muscle diseases).Other diseases also may raise the risk of heart block. These include sarc

n during surgery, and shockwave lithotripsy to get rid of kidney stones. Your doctor may need to check your pacemaker severa

ve abnormalities. Rheumatic fever. rare in the United States.

t healthy.

understand how to take these medications, and know their side effects.You can go back to your normal activities as soon as you

commercial processed food products) Lack of exercise and sedentary lifestyle Smoking (which reduces HDL "good" cholestero

regulate blood plasma volume and heart function. Many conditions cause hypertension, some are common and well recognize
s (the blood vessels that carry blood to the lungs). Babies are normally born with two of these connections:Foramen ovale (a h

epressants Diuretics Heart medicines, including those used to treat high blood pressure and coronary heart disease Medication

a cell phone:Do not put it in a pocket on the same side of your body as your ICD. When using your cell phone, hold it to your ea

impairment Stiff neck (occasionally) Vision changes (double vision, loss of vision)NOTE: A ruptured aneurysm is a medical eme

mercial processed food products) Lack of exercise and sedentary lifestyle Smoking (which reduces HDL "good" cholesterol)
ma migrans rashes on other areas of the body. Arthritis with severe joint pain and swelling, particularly of the knees and other
ncidence increases in May, peaks in June and July, and tapers off in August.Rarer forms of Transmission: Cases of blood transfus

ore complex heart defect or syndrome.Chronic mitral regurgitation can also be caused by:Atherosclerosis Endocarditis Heart tu

n repairs the ring-like part around the valve by sewing a ring of metal, cloth, or tissue around the valve. Valve repair -- The surge

octor for help. Always let your doctor know if you have a cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or any other illness in the time leadi

metal like titanium. These valves last the longest, but you will need to take blood thinning medicine, such as warfarin (Coumad

. Ask your doctor for help. Always let your doctor know if you have a cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or any other illness in the
medical problems or treatments cause weight gain, including:Underactive thyroid gland hypothyroidism Medicines such as birt

wered appliances.If you have a cell phone:Do not put it in a pocket on the same side of your body as your pacemaker. When us

and verapamil) Hormones like estrogen (in birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy) and testosterone Steroids.

open a blocked artery and is the best approach during a heart attack.A disadvantage of percutaneous coronary intervention, w
y lower the chance of the artery closing back up in the future. However, drug-eluting stents are slightly more likely to close in t

ked again, often within 6 months of percutaneous coronary intervention. This is called restenosis.Studies suggest that there's a

e any chest pain).Your doctor will prescribe medicine to prevent blood clots from forming after the procedure such as aspirin an
sed by a known medicine or medical condition, it is called secondary pulmonary hypertension.
p between hypertension and OSA is also independent from other risk factors, including obesity.Other risk factors: The following

ther one. Rehabilitation is needed for patients to recover the functions lost. The prognosis of stroke depends on the location an
cy include:Alcoholism in the mother Diabetes Mother who is over 40 years old Poor nutrition during pregnancy Rubella or othe

include:Alcoholism in the mother Diabetes Mother who is over 40 years old Poor nutrition during pregnancy Rubella or other v

n prolapse stenosis aortic stenosis insufficiency tricuspid stenosis insufficiency pulmonary stenosis insufficiency Conduction / a

in types of surgery also may damage the heart's electrical system and lead to heart block. Exposure to toxic substances and tak

ating a permanent pacemaker to be placed. The escape rhythm typically originates in the ventricles, producing a wide complex

systemic lupus erythematosus, and syphilis Inflammation of the arteries such as arteritis, polyarteritis, and granulomatous ang
s often the cause.Other less common causes of vertebrobasilar vascular disorders include connective tissue diseases and vascu

t prevent blood clots, such as warfarin).Tell your doctor about any prescription and nonprescription medicines you are taking o
oxazosin without talking to your doctor.

ntains heparin Clopidogrel (Plavix®) Other medicines to prevent or treat blood clotsTell your doctor if you take any of these me

tonavir (Kaletra®) Indinavir (Crixivan®) Carbamazepine (Carbatrol®, Equetro®, Tegretol®, Tegretol®-XR, Teril™, Epitol®) Phenytoi
soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.If you have difficulty swallowing

edications such as cilostazol (Pletal), clopidogrel (Plavix), dipyridamole (Persantine, in Aggrenox), prasugrel (Effient), and ticlopi

emoval) of your affected body part.Warfarin may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems wh

people still get acne even if they use these products.

tis (ringworm of the scalp) Tumor of the ovary or adrenal glands

n the skin Infection with certain human papillomaviruses (HPV) Exposure to arsenic at work Chronic skin inflammation or skin u
symptoms include:Erythema nodosum Inflammatory bowel disease Peptic ulcer Acute febrile neutrophilic Lupus erythematosu

r treatment, or a yeast infection that does not respond to any treatment, may be an early sign that a person is infected with HI
ore serious signs and symptoms of cold urticaria include:Fainting Chills A faster than normal heartbeat Swelling of the arms, leg

s, especially those applied to the surface of the skin (topical) Topical anesthetics Other medicationsRubber or latex Cosmetics F

nd a reaction to the product.Some products cause a reaction only when the skin is also exposed to sunlight (photosensitivity). T
europathies, can result from absorption of diphtheria toxin from the infection site. However, cutaneous and nasal diphtheria a

x may not be diagnosed until adulthood.

clude:Enlarged and tender lymph nodes in the groin during an outbreak Painful urination Women may have vaginal discharge o
ctive herpes sores can still pass the infection on to others. Genital HSV-2 infections is more common in women (approximately

when no warts can be seen. You may not see warts for at least 6 weeks to 6 months after becoming infected with HPV. It may

tis (ringworm of the scalp) Tumor of the ovary or adrenal glands

hepatitis C is often detected during routine blood tests≠≠ to measure liver function and liver enzymes (protein produced by th
re infected with HIV.
act with the blood of an infected person

ecting equipment donate blood or body organs share personal items such as toothbrushes or razorsAlthough there is no legal o
on can occur.
y. The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium leprae, as well as increased numbers of cases worldwide, has led to global
plete history of armadillo contact. Your doctor can determine whether or not you have the disease. In the unlikely event that y
(Beau's lines). Psoriasis may cause pitting, splitting of the nail plate from the nail bed, and chronic destruction of the nail plate
e, fifth disease, and scarlet fever. Medications and insect bites or stings.Many medical conditions can cause a rash as well. For e

lems may include:Bloating after meals Constipation Diarrhea Difficulty swallowing Esophageal reflux or heartburn Problems con
t been documented in the United States since 1924, but still occurs with some frequency in developing countries. Cats are parti

blood are called universal donors. However, people with type O can only receive type O blood.Since antibodies are in the liquid

body are tightly regulated by each other and by sleep, exercise, stress, food intake, and blood sugar levels. If the pituitary conti
treatment before a crisis occurs. However, in about 25 percent of patients, symptoms first appear during an addisonian crisis.S
iency may be accompanied by:Underactive parathyroid glands Slow sexual development Pernicious anemia Chronic Candida in
f possible blood contact).

nd suppresses the image from the weaker eye.Other causes of amblyopia include:Family history of amblyopia Astigmatism in b
have partial closing of the outer vaginal lips, an enlarged clitoris, and a short vagina but no cervix or uterus. Their testes locate i

sterone deficiency

a person with Broca’s aphasia may say, “Walk dog,” meaning, “I will take the dog for a walk,” or “book book two table,” for “T
flammatory disease Ectopic pregnancy Endometriosis Torsion/rupture of ovarian cyst Ruptured Graafian follicleDiverticulitis Int

my yield the best results with full recovery in two to four weeks usually. Mortality and severe complications are unusual but do

questions have been completed Has difficulty awaiting turn Interrupts or intrudes on others (butts into conversations or games

on to objects (occurs in the first 14 months of life) Repeats words or memorized passages, such as commercials Uses nonsense
tism or ADHD. However, studies have NOT shown this risk to be true.The American Academy of Pediatrics, and The Institute of
ely, and has been limited, inefficient and unsustained.“Human influenza virus ” usually refers to those subtypes that spread wid

spine that does not usually cause pain until middle age Spondylolisthesis Various forms of arthritis, including: Osteoarthritis Rh
bar spine— slips out of place.The presence of other diseases: Many diseases can cause or contribute to back pain. These includ
with bipolar disorder. Patients may abuse alcohol or other substances, which can make the symptoms and suicide risk worse.So

Web site. The Web site offers detailed information about specific ongoing studies by linking to PDQ®, the NCI’s comprehensive

ammation there. The chest pain usually feels worse with deep breathing, called pleuritic pain. It can be a severe, stabbing pain
e cancerous and aggressive.Other primary brain tumors in adults are rare. These include:Ependymomas Craniopharyngiomas Pi

aving certain types of abnormal cells (atypical hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ LCIS) increases the risk of breast cance

merican Cancer Society) 16% of women survive breast cancer if it is detected after it has spread to other parts of the body such
ections (mastitis), which may turn into an abscess. These typically occur if you are breastfeeding or have recently given birth.
carpal tunnel syndrome, including:Bone fractures and arthritis of the wrist Acromegaly Diabetes Alcoholism Hypothyroidism K

ctors, such as smoking, exposure to other toxic substances, and exposure to excessive ultraviolet light or sunlight.

infected with HPV, smoking cigarettes slightly increases the risk of cervical cancer.Weakened Immune System:Infection with H

ur health are noted and treated if needed. If you have any health problems with checkups, you should contact your doctor. Yo
severe chickenpox.Suffering from illness or the use of medications such as in chemotherapy and the use of steroids may lead s
ed immune systems due to AIDS, diabetes, or medications that suppress the immune system.

hromatopsia (aka rod monochromatism, aka stationary cone dystrophy, aka cone dysfunction syndrome) Blue cone monochrom

drome: People with this syndrome are at greatly increased risk for multiple kind of cancer besides colorectal cancer.Type 2 dia

erience depression or anxiety.

own as' gound') that may cause the lids to stick together (matting), especially after sleeping. Another symptom that could be ca

ntact lens users, especially those who attempt to make their own homemade cleaning solutions. It can also cause problems for

nostosis that affects the suture close to the forehead. The child's head shape may be described as trigonocephaly, and varies in

hat were used in brain surgery (before it was known how to properly disinfect instruments). There have not been any cases of

location can have a chromosomal rearrangement with extra or missing genetic material. Individuals with cri-du-chat syndrome

tein produced by the immune system, called tumor necrosis factor (TNF), are present in people with Crohn’s disease.
e, known as Cushing’s disease, affects women five times more often than men.Some benign or, more often, cancerous tumors

C)Please read this thread to get an idea of what's going on. Long story short, Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not an activism zone

to recognize danger Using the wrong word, not pronouncing words correctly, speaking in confusing sentences Withdrawing fro

cide is a risk for all teenagers with depression.

rmal, or that nothing can be done about it.

h nephrogenic DI may be given hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or indomethacin. HCTZ is sometimes combined with another drug c

ause water to move into the bloodstream. This draws the water out of the body's other organs, including the brain. Hyperosm

risk of forming diverticula, although the reasons for this are not well understood.Doctors are not certain what causes diverticu

sound waves will also bounce off of them and show the location. Computerized tomography (CT) scan. The CT scan is a noninva
on the same side of the body.
a role. Researchers have identified more than 15 different genetic mutations that may contribute to dystonia.Whether you have

ring from medical professionals and receive laboratory tests to ensure the virus is no longer circulating in their systems before
2 or more years after the procedure, rather than right after it. In the first year after sterilization, only about 6% of pregnancies w

fenTamoxifen is one of a group of drugs called selective estrogen receptor modulators, or SERMs. Tamoxifen is used to preven
uld tell the doctor so their problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

cted.Injury to the esophagus: Chemicals such as lye may cause a severe chemical burn in the esophagus. The scar tissue can ma
ses your risk of developing NHL.Exposure to certain chemicals Some studies have suggested that chemicals such as benzene an

ary) Cerebral palsy Long-term (chronic) infections Metabolic disorders Complications of pregnancy and low birth weightOther f
en the exit of the aqueous humor fluid is suddenly blocked. Dilating eye drops and certain medications may trigger an acute gla
coccus in her gastrointestinal, reproductive, or urinary tract Prematurity Rupture of membranes ("water breaks") more than 18

tivity. Some may show the sign of hypomnesia.

umsiness and falling Difficulty moving face muscles Muscle contractions Palpitations (sensation of feeling heartbeat)Emergency
ortant to check with a doctor or dentist about any of these symptoms.
l content are possible, but not proven, risk factors. Hypopharynx. Plummer-Vinson (also called Paterson-Kelly) syndrome, a rar

radiotherapy (IMRT) and conservation approaches to certain malignancies, some patients continue to have significant function

not go away Severe fatigue (feeling extremely tired and having a lack of energy) Heart problems (such as a heart beat that is no

t contain vitamin C is fine. Blood loss: Losing iron by giving blood and losing iron through menstruation and unrecognized bleed

e to G6PD deficiency Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) Hereditary elliptocytosis Hereditary ovalocytosis Hereditary s

Leukemia (patient information)leukemias), also for unknown reasons (called "idiopathic").Although these situations are rare, t

tics ("water pills") Bleeding from the intestines, stomach, or esophagus Infections Kidney problems Low oxygen levels in the bo
nfected with the hepatitis B virus will recover and be completely rid of the virus within 6 months.
ture with unclean needles or instruments Shared needles during drug use Shared personal items (such as toothbrushes, razors

f possible blood contact).

occurs slightly more often in men than in women.

. If you get the gene from your parents, you will develop the disease at some point in your life, and can pass it onto your childr
mal range.If the parathyroid glands continue to produce too much parathyroid hormone even though the calcium level is back
yMale infertility can be caused by:Environmental pollutants Being in high heat for prolonged periods Birth defects Heavy use of

on). Ileitis affects the ileum. Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease causes inflammation in the stomach and first part of the small inte
multiple endocrine neoplasia type I are at risk for insulinomas and other endocrine tumors.

n infections. Certain medications (such as bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate, gold, infliximab, etanercept). Radiation thera

n's disease Gastric bypass surgery Taking too many antacids that contain calciumYou may not get enough iron in the diet if:You

n of the metabolic toxin. A family history of kidney cancer Hypertension Gender: Men have about twice the risk of developing k
 calcium oxalate stones. Cystine stones can form in people who have cystinuria. This disorder runs in families and affects both m

eizures usually stop by the time the child becomes a teenager. All LKS children have abnormal electrical brain activity on both th

l be different than usual.

hat include both a noun and a verb At 36 months: does not have at least a 200-word vocabulary, is not asking for items by nam
Tuberculosis can cause pneumonia in some people, especially those with a weak immune system.Viruses are also a common ca

AT scan confirm the location of the cancer and show the organs nearby. These are helpful for determining the stage of the canc

arriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or life-threatening infection of the newborn.

oids, chemotherapy, radiation), liver or kidney disease, diabetes, alcoholism, and HIV / AIDS.

ause lung cancer. The risk is highest for those with years of exposure. The risk of lung cancer from these substances is even high
your risk of developing NHL.Exposure to certain chemicals Some studies have suggested that chemicals such as benzene and ce
in one eye while the other eye seems unaffected. Wet macular degeneration: The classic early symptom is that straight lines ap

read of the disease.

gery, such as surgery to treat seizure disorders Cancer treatments, such as brain radiation, bone marrow transplant, or after ch

Lubricating secretions from the vagina become watery. The outside genital tissue thins. This is called atrophy of the labia.

located in an unusual spot on a chromosome, or located on a different chromosome than usual) Defects in the chromosome o

sed as additives to prevent meat from spoiling)The condition may also occur in infants who are very ill or who are fed too man
medications, and increasing numbers of homeless people. A rise in drug-resistant strains of TB bacteria also plays a role.
ading or writing Having poor judgment and loss of ability to recognize danger Using the wrong word, not pronouncing words co

ways occur only in the mother's presence.Munchausen syndrome occurs because of psychological problems in the adult, and is
 cterized by a combination of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss lasting several hours. People experience these discomforts at va
tions, including aspirinGenetics may also play a role.Many experts on Ménière's disease think that a rupture of the membranou
so been documented particularly with melanoma.
associated with neoplastic meningitis in breast cancer (33-54%), lung cancer (56-82%) and melanoma (87-96%).

h typically results from progression of neurological dysfunction. Some retrospective studies have demonstrated favorable outc

y be associated with the development of:High blood pressure Swelling of the spaces between the cells of the kidney tissue Acu

rare type of Niemann-Pick disease.Symptoms and disease progression of all forms of Niemann-Pick vary from person to person
form of Niemann-Pick disease. It is sometimes referred to as Type E disease.

r is slightly more common in men than in women.

ling to show affection Preoccupation with details, rules, and lists

fections:Any sudden onset (acute) or long-term (chronic) infection Blood poisoning (septicemia) Brain infection (encephalitis) M
est most ovarian cancers develop after menopause.

reases the risk of pancreatic cancer. Chronic pancreatitis -- Chronic pancreatitis is a painful condition of the pancreas. Some evi
ays. The computer puts the x-rays together to create pictures of the pancreas and other organs and blood vessels in the abdom
y stages of the disorder, there is no trigger that starts the attack. Recalling a past attack may trigger panic attacks.

rmal range.If the parathyroid glands continue to produce too much parathyroid hormone even though the calcium level is back

n, more signs such as withdrawing from social contact, personality changes and inappropriate behavior may be observed.
hat has not been digested well. You may have either loose stools or hard stools. Some people have problems swallowing. Dama

anemia usually does not appear before age 30 in adults. The average age at diagnosis is 60.
mood Not caring about events or environmentLanguage changes: Can't speak (mutism) Decreased ability to read or write Difficu

lk (in women) Uncontrolled urination

bnormal uterus Large placenta Scarred lining of the uterus (endometrium)

Tuberculosis can cause pneumonia in some people, especially those with a weak immune system.Viruses are also a common ca

cle spasms in the calf, neck, or back Muscle pain Muscle weakness, asymmetrical (only on one side or worse on one side) Come
follicle breaks open to release it. The egg then travels through the fallopian tube for fertilization. When the single egg leaves th

the hormone estrogen, but not the hormone progesterone. Progesterone causes the endometrium to shed its lining each mon

or too little) Slow, sluggish, lethargic movement

tly more common in men than in women.

s of pseudohypoparathyroidism are very rare.

izures, stupor, and coma. The Borrelia organism may also invade heart and liver tissues, causing inflammation of the heart mus
tion of the metabolic toxin.A family history of renal cell carcinomaHypertensionGender: Men have about twice the risk of devel

h. Why they happen and what to do about them is not well understood. Most experts in Rett syndrome recommend that paren

c fields but it is a different type of image than what is produced by computed tomography (CT) and produces detailed images o
de:Lack of activity Muscles and posture may be rigid Grimaces or other odd expressions on the face Does not respond much to

tumors is more complicated than deciding how to treat a unilateral vestibular schwannoma. Further research is needed to det

rition and older adults who do not get enough sunlight):Problems absorbing vitamin D into the body (malabsorption) Problems

can be a sign of eclampsia. Seizures in a person with hydrocephalus may indicate severe shunt failure. Binaural beat brainwave

aration anxiety, children must:Feel safe in their home environment Trust people other than their parents Trust that their paren
ose with active symptoms of illness are clearly contagious, but it is not known how long a person may be contagious before or a

st 10 - 15 years of exposure before symptoms occur. Silicosis has become less common since the Occupational Safety and Healt
 phases; for example, patients feel best if they can sleep from 4 AM to noon Hypnotic-dependent sleep disorder: insomnia that

mnia at night Mood changes Sweating Swollen lymph nodes all over the body Swollen, red, painful nodule at site of fly bite Unco

led fluroscopy tracks how the barium moves through your esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Pictures are taken in a var

heir ability to function in work and relationships.Some of the most common fears of people with social phobia include:Attendin

d to produce the images. PET can provide more helpful information than either CT or MRI scans. It is useful to see if the cancer h

stem may be seen, including syringomyelia and hip dislocation.The cause of myelomeningocele is unknown. However, low leve
 .The pain, numbness, or weakness often will go away or improve a lot over a period of weeks to months.Other diseases with si
the lumbar spinal canal.

s may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell his/her doc
STDs Prenatal screening

can occur when you also have a migraine. Tension headaches are not associated with brain diseases.

testicles, penis, or kidneys, as well as those with inguinal hernia (hernia in the groin area, where the thigh meets the abdomen)
n before their cancer is treated. If a man has pre-existing fertility problems, or if he is to have treatment that might lead to infe
be localized in the lower back or may consist of sharp, shooting sensations that radiate down the legs or arms or around the to
ases, stimulation of the immune system in response to infection indicates that an autoimmune reaction may be responsible. In

ning of symptoms before recovery continues. In all cases of relapse, physicians will evaluate possible underlying causes such as
est cancer, Tamoxifen effects the tissue in the chest and the tissue in the uterus very differently. It promotes the grow of the en

vity of the uterus

e or who have had a systemic (body-wide) infection. The most common cause of posterior uveitis is infections resulting from to
while tight-fitting or nonabsorbent clothing sometimes cause heat rashes. Irritated tissue is more susceptible to infection than n

tick. Some of these vectors may spread the virus to animals, which will then transmit it to humans Person-to-person (Ebola, Ma
hat can affect nerves. Medical conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease can damage nerves.

several layers of clothing to stay warm) Loss of bone strength Wasting away of muscle and loss of body fat
an cause the cells to release potassium. Such injury includes:Burns Disorders that cause blood cells to burst (hemolytic conditio
en at the time of menopause and a drop in testosterone in men. Women over age 50 and men over age 70 have a higher risk fo

our health care provider about other treatment options, including medications and surgery.
inly occurs in children and infants. Ovarian cyst can cause a smooth, rounded, rubbery mass above the pelvis in the lower abdo

suddenly, and is often severe. Kidney stones and gallstones are common causes of this type of belly pain.

disorders. Diarrhea can be a symptom of irritable bowel syndrome.Some people develop diarrhea after stomach surgery or rem

h a chemical to rule out the presence of blood. Bleeding in the esophagus or stomach (such as with peptic ulcer disease) can al
ne, usually before 20 years old) Lynch syndrome (HNPCC, a disease that raises the chance of many types of cancer, including in

ber—both soluble and insoluble—is the part of fruits, vegetables, and grains that the body cannot digest. Soluble fiber dissolves

nclude a rectal exam with a gloved, lubricated finger to evaluate the tone of the muscle that closes off the anus—also called an

disorders. Diarrhea can be a symptom of irritable bowel syndrome.Some people develop diarrhea after stomach surgery or rem

sorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the esophagus Tumors in the chest that press on the esophagus.
ysical exam Digestive problems: Patients with gallbladder cancer are unable to digest fatty foods when cancer blocks the releas
bladder cancer.

ysical exam Digestive problems: Patients with gallbladder cancer are unable to digest fatty foods when cancer blocks the releas
bladder cancer.

n sometimes have normal emptying, the doctor may repeat the test another day if gastroparesis is suspected.Once other cause
ems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

drome: People with this syndrome are at greatly increased risk for multiple kind of cancer besides colorectal cancer.Type 2 dia
otransmitter, or chemical, that delivers messages from one part of your body to another. Ninety-five percent of the serotonin in

enetic defect and are not able to make any of the lactase enzyme.

ems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

ncer) Transanal rectosigmoid resection Transgastric appendectomy Transgastric cholecystectomy Transgastric debridement o

ore common in small-for-gestational-age babies and some twins Infection Lack (deficiency) of certain important enzymesCond

ometimes antiretroviral agents used to treat HIV result in acid reflux. This can then lead to other symptoms like odynophagia. U
n-Diamond syndrome, the pancreas does not produce enough of these enzymes. This condition is known as pancreatic insufficie
d to moderate neurological delaySome people with Aarskog-Scott syndrome are born with more serious abnormalities, such as

ding:Birth defects involving the heart, such as an atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect Dementia may be seen Eye pro

s increased and the problem is getting worse.Diagnostic tests vary depending on the cause, but often include: Head CT scan MR

es production of red blood cells. This leads to too many red blood cells, rather than the anemia seen in chronic kidney disease.
earning new information or routines)As the AD becomes worse, symptoms become more obvious and interfere with the patien
not necessarily mean that a person will develop Alzheimer’s disease, and people carrying no APOE ε4 forms can also develop t

e physically active people, most don’t smoke, and they typically maintained about the same body weight through their adult lif

0 are known) Infections the mother passes to her baby in the womb (such as toxoplasmosis, rubella, or herpes)The ear can also

eviously enjoyed, difficulty communicating, reading or writing, difficulty with performing tasks. With time goes on, more signs s
 cannot be identified.

ge 26. The vaccine can prevent genital warts in men and decrease the risk for cancer of the penis and anus.Pregnant women sh

ge 26. The vaccine can prevent genital warts in men and decrease the risk for cancer of the penis and anus.Pregnant women sh
ors find that this aids editing and improves the function''diff'' (used internally to compare different versions of a page). But an e

e absent or unable to open wide enough. Aortic valve (the valve between the heart and the blood vessel to the rest of the body

e bottom of the edit box. You now have a microchapter navigation template which will be inserted in all of the microchapter pa
ar on the page. It would look like this on the main page Historical Perspective. You can use the template found here. Copy all th

page must be copied manually. Then the old page STElevation Myocardial Infarction must be edited and its source code replac

want to. Check the privacy policy of the individual site you're visiting, if any (for example, Wikipedia's draft privacy policy) You w

{{{1}}}|Pericarditis}}}}&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=65.008093,112.148438&ie=UTF8&ll=37.0625,-95.677068&spn=91.69041
emature complexes; ventricular premature contraction; ventricular premature contractions; VPB; VPBs; VPC; VPCs
o create redirects, click here.Template:WikiDoc Sources

rkers are demanding free access to shared knowledge.The "world is flat", but "medicine is flat" as well. It is in the spirit of foste

mple, infectious mononucleosis, mumps, measles)An increased percentage of eosinophils may be due to:Allergic reaction Canc
ody views as foreign. This may suggest:Autoimmune or drug-induced hemolytic anemia. Erythroblastosis fetalis hemolytic dise

on. Unlike other drug allergies, which occur very soon after receiving the medication again, serum sickness develops 7 - 21 days

Vomiting Anti-epileptic drugs -Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are the most common AEDs which induce hyponatremia Re
a looks good and you are not in a lot of pain. Untreated coral snake bites can be deadly. Symptoms may include:Blurred vision B
nnatural twisting Less common conditions that can lead to knee pain include bone tumors.

oryPeople with family members who have bladder cancer are more likely to get the disease.

eeks. An AVF has a lower chance for infections than an AVG and usually lasts longer before it needs to be replaced.During a he

plies can be delivered. Both the patient and any caregivers must learn to:Handle the equipment Place the needle into the acces
rgery, such as surgery to treat seizure disorders Cancer treatments, such as brain radiation, bone marrow transplant, or after ch

rgery, such as surgery to treat seizure disorders Cancer treatments, such as brain radiation, bone marrow transplant, or after ch

00 are known) Infections the mother passes to her baby in the womb (such as toxoplasmosis, rubella, or herpes)The ear can als
g unsteady is a sign of stroke, multiple sclerosis, seizures, a brain tumor, or a bleed in your brain. In such conditions, other sym

ult-to-understand speech Trouble chewing and swallowingFatigue is a common and bothersome symptom as MS progresses. It
may be swallowed directly from the syringe or mixed with a liquid before use. Mix it with a small glass of water, cold fruit juice,
doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking rivastigmine,

Pain Weakness, paralysisInjuries to the cervical or high thoracic spinal cord may also result in blood pressure problems, abnorm
young, healthy individuals. Men ages 15 - 35 are most commonly affected. The death rate tends to be higher in young children

ared to information from the vestibular and the skeletal systems. An example of interaction between the visual and vestibular s
of the head and brain.The caloric test may be performed as part of the ENG. In this test, each ear is flushed with warm and the
seful for their ability to affect the hair cells of the balance system. Gentamicin also can affect the hair cells of the cochlea, thou

second opinions if possible

er.Preserved or salted foods, consumption of certain preserved or salted foods during childhood is a risk factor for nasopharyng
wbone, numbness or paralysis of the muscles in the face, or pain in the face, the chin, or the neck that does not go away.

wn whether the Food and Drug Administration -approved HPV vaccine s Gardasil ®, Gardasil 9®, and Cervarix ® prevent HPV infe

nts may not be able to open their mouth as wide as before treatment.Patients should report any side effects to their doctor or n

ems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

ause lung cancer. The risk is highest for those with years of exposure. The risk of lung cancer from these substances is even high
ome Diabetes (causes a condition known as acquired paralytic strabismus) Damage to the retina in children who are born prem
ully fine-tune the power and the axis drums. If the lens is a multifocal lens, look carefully for the maximum plus power position

own as' gound') that may cause the lids to stick together (matting), especially after sleeping. Another symptom that could be ca
r, infection, or exposure to toxins. Often, only the iris is inflamed, which is called iritis.Other potential causes include:Cold or al

ome Diabetes (causes a condition known as acquired paralytic strabismus) Damage to the retina in children who are born prem
n and birth control pills, and heavy metals such as lead and bismuth are also associated with gingivitis.

n and birth control pills, and heavy metals such as lead and bismuth are also associated with gingivitis.

aids or a cochlear implant.Causes of sensorineural hearing loss include:Exposure to certain toxic chemicals or medications whi

sorders (including systemic lupus erythematosus) Bleeding disorders Cancer Infection (such as hand-foot-mouth disease) Weak
t (ENT) specialist to diagnose and treat the condition.

of these tumors can be cancerous (malignant).Malignant salivary gland tumors are usually carcinomas.

0. Although the problem goes away over time, many children and even a small number of adults continue to have bedwetting e
tum can improve sperm production and increases the odds of good fertility. It also allows the health care provider to examine t

informed of necessary and anticipated changes such as changes in jobs or moving

ates and narcotics are powerful painkillers that cause drowsiness (sedation) and sometimes feelings of euphoria. These include

y point should be the maximum that the subject is prepared to accept (this is the main difference between Exposure Therapy an
ntly high level of motivation to complete a task...They go looking for something else to do or think about because they are bore

uicide often blame themselves or become very angry. They may see the suicide attempt as selfish. However, people who try to

ys Phencyclidine (PCP): 1 to 8 days Propoxyphene: 6 to 48 hours Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): 6 to 11 weeks with heavy use
d by x-ray or ultrasound. Chest tubes are usually placed during major lung or heart surgery while the person is under general an

ely after exposure to nicotine, there is a “kick” caused in part by the drug’s stimulation of the adrenal glands and resulting disch
s peaking within 10 seconds of inhalation9. However, the acute effects of nicotine dissipate in a few minutes, as do the associa
es or ligaments supporting the backBack pain may also be due to:An abnormal aortic aneurysm that is leaking Arthritis conditio
ve around in? Will you be able to get in and out of your home safely?

ar if the appendix has an important role in the body. There are no major, long-term health problems resulting from removing t

you have appendicitis. Other illnesses can cause the same or similar symptoms.The goal is to remove an infected appendix befo

tually improves clinical outcomes (i.e. detects cancer at an earlier stage, demonstrating positive impact on cancer related morb
esthesia (unconscious and not able to feel pain). The surgeon will make 3 to 4 small cuts in your belly. The laparoscope will be in

ating room that allows your surgeon to see inside your belly and do the repair. The surgeon may need to switch to an open pro
example, aspirin can cause nonallergic hives or trigger asthma. Some drug reactions are considered "idiosyncratic." This mean

n.An allergy syndrome that affects the mouth and tongue may occur after eating certain fresh fruits and vegetables. These food

allergic rhinitis and asthma. Penicillin allergy. Venom allergy. Allergic contact dermatitis.ELIMINATION TESTSAn elimination die
ved from ancient Greek and means to reduce or stop pain. Nonprescription or over-the-counter pain relievers are generally use

cardiovascular diseases. Weight: Overweight and fat, especially body mass index (BMI) higher than 28 are risk factor for angin

cardiovascular diseases. Weight: Overweight and fat, especially body mass index (BMI) higher than 28 are risk factor for angin
forms of aortic stenosis prevent enough blood from reaching the brain and rest of the body. This can cause lightheadedness an

causes of aortic valve disease include diseases of the aorta, the main blood vessel coming out of the heart and carrying blood to
Aortic valve disease may also cause dizziness, light headedness or even fainting spells.

hould be made in conjunction with your cardiothoracic surgeon and your cardiologist. Ultimately the choice will depend on a pa
h and fatigue.

titanium or ceramic. These valves last the longest, but you will need to take blood-thinning medicine, such as warfarin (Couma

y other illness in the time leading up to your surgery.On the day of the surgery:You will usually be asked not to drink or eat any

bone with stainless steel wires. It will take about 6 weeks for the bone to heal. The wires will stay inside your body.This surgery

sked to take an antibiotic to prevent infection.On the day of your surgery:You will usually be asked not to drink or eat anything

creasing age.Causes of atrial fibrillation include:Alcohol abuse (especially binge drinking) Congestive heart failure Coronary arte
ongenetic form of this disorder, these factors may trigger symptoms in people with an underlying SCN5A mutation.

the population increases.There is no difference in the incidence of cardiac amyloidosis between men and women as it affects b

thmic medications prescribed to treat one type of arrhythmia will cause another type of arrhythmia.Some of the more commo
d exercise can trigger episodes. Certain medicines, such as catecholamines, can also make it worse.

ed aneurysm is a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical help.

can cause chest pain that usually feels sharp, and often gets worse when you take a deep breath or cough Asthma, which gene
hythmias)Other diseases that can cause or contribute to heart failure:Emphysema Overactive thyroid Severe anemia Underacti

have heart failure as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD) have a worse prognosis and a higher death rate than people who

our heart function during the time that it's not beating. A heart-lung bypass machine keeps oxygen-rich blood moving througho
he risk of complications is higher if CABG is done in an emergency situation (for example, during a heart attack), if you're older t
ncisions.How to recognize signs of infection or other complications.When to call the doctor right away.When to make followup

actors include alcohol abuse, not getting enough exercise, and having excessive amounts of stress.Higher-than-normal levels o
disease -associated SYNTAX score equal or greater than 33 were significantly lower when undergone CABG than PCI For patient

e that appears with dextrocardia is called heterotaxy. Heterotaxy means the organs (atria of the heart and abdominal organs) a
hat leads to the lungs (pulmonary valve).

h dabigatran for a year costs an additional $224,600 over Warfarin. Among 200 treated patients, there is a cost reduction of $1
ectrical system and lead to heart block. Exposure to toxic substances and taking certain medications - including digitalis, beta b
heart block. These include sarcoidosis and the degenerative muscle disorders Lev's disease and Lenegre's disease.Exposure to

o check your pacemaker several times a year to make sure it is working well. Some pacemakers must be checked in the doctor's

normal activities as soon as you feel well enough, and after talking with your doctor. However, avoid vigorous physical activity.

educes HDL "good" cholesterol)

re common and well recognized secondary causes such asRenovascular Hypertension: Due to fibromuscular dysplasia and rena
onnections:Foramen ovale (a hole between the right and left atrium) Ductus arteriosus (a small blood vesel that connects the a

onary heart disease Medications used for surgery Painkillers Other causes of low blood pressure include: Advanced diabetes An

ur cell phone, hold it to your ear on the opposite side of your body.Be careful around metal detectors and security wands.Hand

ed aneurysm is a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical help.

s HDL "good" cholesterol)

ticularly of the knees and other large joints. Facial palsy (loss of muscle tone or droop on one or both sides of the face). Intermitt
mission: Cases of blood transfusion and organ transplantation have been recorded as methods of transmission but transmission

osclerosis Endocarditis Heart tumors High blood pressure Marfan syndrome Swelling of the left lower heart chamber Untreated

valve. Valve repair -- The surgeon trims, shapes, or rebuilds one or both of the leaflets of the valve. The leaflets are flaps that o

y other illness in the time leading up to your surgery.On the day of the surgery:You will usually be asked not to drink or eat any

cine, such as warfarin (Coumadin) or aspirin, for the rest of your life. Biological -- made of human or animal tissue. These valves

kout, or any other illness in the time leading up to your surgery.On the day of the surgery:You will usually be asked not to drink
yroidism Medicines such as birth control pills, antidepressants, and antipsychoticsOther things that can cause weight gain are:Q

y as your pacemaker. When using your cell phone, hold it to your ear on the opposite side of your body.Be careful around meta

and testosterone Steroids.

neous coronary intervention, when compared with CABG, is that the artery more frequently renarrows over time. However, the
slightly more likely to close in the short-term. Currently, they are only used for certain patients.

s.Studies suggest that there's a higher risk of blood clots forming in medicine-coated stents compared to bare metal stents. Ho

he procedure such as aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix) or prasugrel (Efient). Taking your medicine as directed is very important. I
ther risk factors: The following factors may also increase your risk for obstructive sleep apnea:Certain shapes of the palate and

oke depends on the location and area the brain damage, the time from onset to emergence department, the complications and
ring pregnancy Rubella or other viral illnesses during pregnancy There is a high incidence of chromosomal disorders in children

ng pregnancy Rubella or other viral illnesses during pregnancy

sis insufficiency Conduction / arrhythmia Bradycardia Sinus bradycardia Sick sinus syndrome Heart block: Sinoatrial AV 1° 2° 3°

ure to toxic substances and taking certain medicines - including digitalis, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers - also may

cles, producing a wide complex escape rhythm.Third-degree heart block may also be congenital and has been linked to the pre

teritis, and granulomatous angiitis Spasm of the small arteries in the brainAtherosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries") is a cond
ctive tissue diseases and vasculitis.

tion medicines you are taking or plan to take, including natural or herbal remedies.Tell your doctor about all your medical cond
ctor if you take any of these medicines. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure if your medicine is one listed above.U

l®-XR, Teril™, Epitol®) Phenytoin (Dilantin-125®, Dilantin®) Phenobarbital (Solfoton™) Rifampin (Rifater®, Rifamate®, Rimactane
f you have difficulty swallowing the tablet whole, talk to your doctor about other ways to take rivaroxaban. Your doctor will dec

, prasugrel (Effient), and ticlopidine (Ticlid); aprepitant (Emend); aspirin or aspirin-containing products and other nonsteroidal a

have any unusual problems while taking this medication.

nic skin inflammation or skin ulcers Diseases that make the skin sensitive to the sun, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism
utrophilic Lupus erythematosus

hat a person is infected with HIV.

rtbeat Swelling of the arms, legs or torsoSevere reactions Exposure to cold can be dangerous for people who suffer from cold u

onsRubber or latex Cosmetics Fabrics and clothing Detergents Solvents Adhesives Fragrances, perfumes Other chemicals and su

o sunlight (photosensitivity). These include shaving lotions, sunscreens, sulfa ointments, some perfumes, coal tar products, and
taneous and nasal diphtheria are localized and rarely associated with systemic toxicity. The case-fatality ratio of respiratory dip
en may have vaginal discharge or, occasionally, be unable to empty the bladder and require a urinary catheterA second outbrea
mon in women (approximately 1 of every 4 women is infected) than it is in men (nearly 1 of every 8 men is infected).

ming infected with HPV. It may also take longer, even years, so when you first notice genital warts, it does not mean that you or

zymes (protein produced by the liver) level. The symptoms of chronic hepatitis C may be:Mild to severe lethargy (tiredness) Los

orsAlthough there is no legal obligation to do so, you may wish to discuss your condition with your health care provider (docto
 s worldwide, has led to global concern about this disease.Evidence suggests that the bacteria that cause leprosy are able to spr
ase. In the unlikely event that you get leprosy, your doctor can also help you get treatment.Therefore, whenever possible, avoi
ic destruction of the nail plate (nail dystrophy). Other conditions that can affect the appearance of the nails include systemic am
s can cause a rash as well. For example:Lupus erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis, especially the juvenile type Kawasaki diseas

flux or heartburn Problems controlling stools (fecal incontinence)

eloping countries. Cats are particularly susceptible to plague and can be infected by eating infected rodents. Sick cats pose a ris

nce antibodies are in the liquid part of blood (plasma), both blood and plasma transfusions must be matched to avoid an immu

gar levels. If the pituitary continues to make GH independent of the normal regulatory mechanisms, the level of IGF-I continues
ar during an addisonian crisis.Symptoms of an addisonian crisis include;Sudden penetrating pain in the lower back, abdomen, o
ous anemia Chronic Candida infections Chronic active hepatitis Hair loss (in very rare cases)Type II, often called Schmidt's syndr
of amblyopia Astigmatism in both eyes Childhood cataractsAmbylopia can also occur physiologically after tobacco or alcohol c
or uterus. Their testes locate in the abdomen or other unusual places in the body. In adult, they are often infertile.

“book book two table,” for “There are two books on the table.” People with Broca’s aphasia typically understand the speech o
Graafian follicleDiverticulitis Intestinal obstruction Colonic carcinoma Mesenteric infarction Leaking aortic aneurysm.

mplications are unusual but do occur, especially if peritonitis persists and is untreated.

tts into conversations or games)

s commercials Uses nonsense rhymingSocial interaction:Does not make friends Does not play interactive games Is withdrawn M
Pediatrics, and The Institute of Medicine (IOM) agree that no vaccine or component of any vaccine is responsible for the numb
hose subtypes that spread widely among humans. There are only three known A subtypes of influenza viruses (H1N1, H1N2, an

tis, including: Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal column that
bute to back pain. These include various forms of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and cancers elsewhe
ptoms and suicide risk worse.Sometimes the two phases overlap. Manic and depressive symptoms may occur together or quick

PDQ®, the NCI’s comprehensive cancer information database. The CIS also provides information from PDQ.

can be a severe, stabbing pain or it can be a milder cramping in the side. Usually, only one side of the chest or abdomen is affe
momas Craniopharyngiomas Pituitary tumors Primary lymphoma of the brain Pineal gland tumors Primary germ cell tumors of

creases the risk of breast cancer.Gene changes: Changes in certain genes increase the risk of breast cancer. These genes include

to other parts of the body such as bone, lung or liver in the US (The American Cancer Society)
or have recently given birth.
 s Alcoholism Hypothyroidism Kidney failure and dialysis Menopause, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and pregnancy Infections

t light or sunlight.

mmune System:Infection with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) or taking drugs that suppress the immune system increases the ri

should contact your doctor. Your doctor will check for the return of cancer. Even when cancer seems to have been completely
d the use of steroids may lead severe chickenpox symptoms more commonly in children whose immune system is compromise
ndrome) Blue cone monochromatism Leber's congenital amaurosis Retinitis pigmentosa (initially affects rods but can later prog

es colorectal cancer.Type 2 diabetes: Clinical data show that people with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing c
ther symptom that could be caused by bacterial conjunctivitis is severe crusting of the infected eye and the surrounding skin. H

It can also cause problems for people who wear their contact lenses while swimming.Other causes of corneal ulcers include:Ab

as trigonocephaly, and varies in severity.

re have not been any cases of nvCJD reported in the U.S.CJD may be related to several other diseases also thought to be cause

uals with cri-du-chat syndrome who inherit an unbalanced translocation are missing genetic material from the short arm of chr

with Crohn’s disease.

more often, cancerous tumors that arise outside the pituitary can produce ACTH. This condition is known as ectopic ACTH synd

yclopedia, not an activism zone, publishing the key exposes us to danger, and there's no encyclopedic merit in doing so anyway

sing sentences Withdrawing from social contact Having hallucinations, arguments, striking out, and violent behavior Having de
combined with another drug called amiloride. The combination of HCTZ and amiloride is sold under the brand name Modureti

including the brain. Hyperosmolarity creates a cycle of increasing blood glucose levels and dehydration.

t certain what causes diverticula to become inflamed. The inflammation may begin when bacteria or stool are caught in the div

) scan. The CT scan is a noninvasive x ray that produces cross-section images of the body. The doctor may inject dye into a vein
e to dystonia.Whether you have acquired or idiopathic dystonia, researchers think that it is caused by a problem in the part of t

ulating in their systems before they return home. When the medical professionals determine it is okay for the patient to return
only about 6% of pregnancies will be ectopic, but most pregnancies that occur 2 - 3 years after tubal sterilization will be ectopi

s. Tamoxifen is used to prevent breast cancer in women who are at high risk for the disease, but it increases the risk of endom
ophagus. The scar tissue can make the esophagus very narrow after the injury heals. People with these narrow esophageal pass
chemicals such as benzene and certain herbicides and insecticides (weed- and insect-killing substances) may be linked to an in

cy and low birth weightOther factors that may lead to failure to thrive:Emotional deprivation as a result of parental withdrawa
cations may trigger an acute glaucoma attack.Congenital glaucoma'It is present at birth and results from the abnormal develop
("water breaks") more than 18 hours before baby is delivered Use of intrauterine fetal monitoring (scalp lead) during labor

of feeling heartbeat)Emergency symptoms (seek immediate medical help):Breathing temporarily stops Can't take a deep breath
aterson-Kelly) syndrome, a rare disorder that results from iron and other nutritional deficiencies. This syndrome is characterize

nue to have significant functional deficits.Survival advantages provided by new treatment modalities have been undermined by

(such as a heart beat that is not regular) Heart failure (such as the heart not pumping blood as well as it did previously) Gray-co

uation and unrecognized bleeding may slow the start of hemochromatosis. Therefore, men at risk for hemochromatosis usuall

ditary ovalocytosis Hereditary spherocytosis Malaria Transfusion of blood from a donor with a different blood type

ugh these situations are rare, they can be associated with serious, even life-threatening bleeding.

ms Low oxygen levels in the body Shunt placement or complications (Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) Surgery Us
s (such as toothbrushes, razors, and nail clippers) with an infected personThe hepatitis B virus is not spread by contaminated fo
and can pass it onto your children. If you do not get the gene from your parents, you cannot pass the gene onto your children.
hough the calcium level is back to normal, the condition is called "tertiary hyperthyroidism." It occurs especially in patients with
 iods Birth defects Heavy use of alcohol, marijuana or cocaine Too little or too much hormones Impotence Infection Older age C

h and first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. Jejunoileitis causes spotty patches of inflammation in the top half o
b, etanercept). Radiation therapy to the chest to treat breast cancer, lymphoma, and other cancers. Working with or around as

enough iron in the diet if:You are a strict vegetarian You are an older adult and do not eat a full diet

t twice the risk of developing kidney cancer than women. Race: Epidemical data shows that African Americans have a slightly h
ns in families and affects both men and women. Struvite stones are mostly found in women who have a urinary tract infection.

ectrical brain activity on both the right and left sides of their brains.

, is not asking for items by name, exactly repeats questions spoken by others, language has regressed (become worse), or is no
m.Viruses are also a common cause of pneumonia, especially in infants and young children.See also: Respiratory syncytial virus{

ermining the stage of the cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option. CT scans can also be used to

m these substances is even higher for smokers.Air pollution: Air pollution may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer. The risk
emicals such as benzene and certain herbicides and insecticides (weed- and insect-killing substances) may be linked to an incre
ymptom is that straight lines appear distorted and wavy. This results when fluid from the leaking blood vessels gathers and lifts
marrow transplant, or after chemotherapy Certain medications Certain types of seizures Dementia Depression, bipolar disorde

alled atrophy of the labia.

) Defects in the chromosome or chromosomal inheritance (such as fragile X syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndr

very ill or who are fed too many vegetables containing nitrates (such as beets).
bacteria also plays a role.
ord, not pronouncing words correctly, speaking in confusing sentences Withdrawing from social contactAny of the neurologic p

al problems in the adult, and is generally an attention-seeking behavior. The syndrome can be life-threatening for the child inv
erience these discomforts at varying frequencies, durations, and intensities. Some may feel slight vertigo a few times a year. Ot
t a rupture of the membranous labyrinth allows the endolymph to mix with perilymph, another inner ear fluid that occupies th
noma (87-96%).

e demonstrated favorable outcomes in neoplastic meningitis: age less than 60, long duration of symptoms, controlled systemic

e cells of the kidney tissue Acute kidney failure

Pick vary from person to person. Other, more common, diseases may cause symptoms similar to Niemann-Pick.A person in the
Brain infection (encephalitis) Meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord)Other medical disorders:Cancer Kid
ition of the pancreas. Some evidence suggests that chronic pancreatitis may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.Other studie
and blood vessels in the abdomen. Ultrasonography -- The ultrasound device uses sound waves that cannot be heard by human
ger panic attacks.

hough the calcium level is back to normal, the condition is called "tertiary hyperthyroidism." It occurs especially in patients with

ehavior may be observed.

ve problems swallowing. Damage to the nerves to your heart may cause you to feel lightheaded, or faint, when you stand up. A
d ability to read or write Difficulty finding a word Difficulty speaking or understanding speech (aphasia) Repeat anything spoken

m.Viruses are also a common cause of pneumonia, especially in infants and young children.See also: Respiratory syncytial virus{

de or worse on one side) Comes on quickly Location depends on where the spinal cord is affected Worsens into paralysis Sensiti
n. When the single egg leaves the follicle, ovulation takes place.In women with PCOS, the ovary doesn't make all of the hormon

um to shed its lining each month as a menstrual period. Without progesterone, the endometrium becomes thick, which can ca
inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis) and liver (hepatitis). Widespread bleeding and pneumonia are other complicati
e about twice the risk of developing renal cell carcinoma than women.Race: Epidemical data shows that African Americans hav

drome recommend that parents remain calm through an episode of irregular breathing like breath holding. It may help to rem

nd produces detailed images of the body. Like computed tomography (CT), a contrast agent may be injected into a patient’s ve
ace Does not respond much to other peopleUndifferentiated schizophrenia symptoms may include symptoms of more than one

rther research is needed to determine the best treatment for individuals with NF2.

ody (malabsorption) Problems breaking down vitamin D (due to the use of certain drugs) Rickets Too little vitamin D (deficienc

ailure. Binaural beat brainwave entrainment may trigger seizures in both epileptics and non-epileptics Haemorrhagic stroke ca

parents Trust that their parents will returnEven after children have successfully mastered this developmental stage, separation
may be contagious before or after symptoms.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) created regulations requiring the use of protective equipment, which li
t sleep disorder: insomnia that occurs when you stop or become tolerant to certain types of sleep medications Stimulant-depen

ul nodule at site of fly bite Uncontrollable urge to sleep

tine. Pictures are taken in a variety of positions. It includes upper GI series, enteroclysis and a barium enema. Computed tomog

social phobia include:Attending parties and other social occasions Eating, drinking, and writing in public Meeting new people S

It is useful to see if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and it is also useful for your doctor to locate where the cancer ha

is unknown. However, low levels of folic acid in a woman's body before and during early pregnancy is thought to play a part in
 months.Other diseases with similar symptoms are:Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis

mptoms should tell his/her doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.Abdominal and whole bo
the thigh meets the abdomen), may be at increased risk. History of testicular cancer: Men who have had testicular cancer are
atment that might lead to infertility, he may want to ask the doctor about sperm banking (freezing sperm before treatment for
e legs or arms or around the torso.Patients who experience sensory disturbances often use terms such as numbness, tingling, c
eaction may be responsible. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system, which normally protects the body from foreign orga

sible underlying causes such as MS, NMO, or systemic lupus erythematosus since most people who experience relapse have an
It promotes the grow of the endometrium and increases the risk of endometrial cancer.Ovarian tumors: The granulosa-theca c

s is infections resulting from toxoplasmosis

susceptible to infection than normal tissue, and many infection-causing organisms thrive in environments that are warm, dam

s Person-to-person (Ebola, Margurg or Lassa), through direct contact or through infected surfaces
ells to burst (hemolytic conditions) Gastrointestinal bleeding Rhabdomyolysis from drugs, alcoholism, coma, or certain infection
ver age 70 have a higher risk for osteoporosis.Other causes include: Being confined to a bed Chronic rheumatoid arthritis, chron
ove the pelvis in the lower abdomen. Pancreatic abscess can cause a mass in the upper abdomen in the epigastric area. Pancrea

elly pain.

ea after stomach surgery or removal of the gallbladder. The reason may be a change in how quickly food moves through the dig

ith peptic ulcer disease) can also cause you to vomit blood.
 y types of cancer, including in the intestine) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (disease that causes intestinal polyps, usually in the small

ot digest. Soluble fiber dissolves easily in water and takes on a soft, gel-like texture in the intestines. Insoluble fiber passes throu

ses off the anus—also called anal sphincter—and to detect tenderness, obstruction, or blood. In some cases, blood and thyroid

ea after stomach surgery or removal of the gallbladder. The reason may be a change in how quickly food moves through the dig

press on the esophagus.

s when cancer blocks the release of the bile into the intestine. This can cause nausea and vomiting that tend to be worse after e

s when cancer blocks the release of the bile into the intestine. This can cause nausea and vomiting that tend to be worse after e

is suspected.Once other causes have been ruled out, the doctor will perform one of the following gastric emptying tests to con
es colorectal cancer.Type 2 diabetes: Clinical data show that people with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing c
five percent of the serotonin in your body is located in the GI tract, and the other 5 percent is found in the brain. Cells that line

my Transgastric debridement of necrotizing pancreatitis Translumenal feeding gastrostomy Transvaginal donor kidney extracti

ertain important enzymesConditions that make it harder for the baby's body to remove bilirubin may also lead to more severe j

r symptoms like odynophagia. Ulcers: These are sores that can occur in your mouth, throat, or esophagus, as well as your stom
s known as pancreatic insufficiency. Infants with pancreatic insufficiency have trouble digesting food and absorbing nutrients th
 serious abnormalities, such as heart defects or a cleft lip with or without an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate).

Dementia may be seen Eye problems, such as cataracts (most children with Down syndrome need glasses) Early and massive vo

often include: Head CT scan MRI of the head

seen in chronic kidney disease.Bleeding in a cyst can cause flank pain. Kidney stones are more common in people with PKD.PKD
us and interfere with the patient's ability to take care of himself/herself. Symptoms can include:Forgetting details about curren
OE ε4 forms can also develop the disease. Most experts believe that additional genes may influence the development of late-o

y weight through their adult life.The role of genetics in longevity is complex. A genetic vulnerability to a life threatening diseas

ella, or herpes)The ear can also be injured by:Pressure differences between the inside and outside of the eardrum, often from s

With time goes on, more signs such as withdrawing from social contact, personality changes and inappropriate behavior may be
and anus.Pregnant women should not receive this vaccine. However, there have been no problems found in women who rece

and anus.Pregnant women should not receive this vaccine. However, there have been no problems found in women who rece
nt versions of a page). But an empty line starts a new paragraph. You can break lines without starting a new paragraph. Please u

d vessel to the rest of the body) is unable to open wide enough.Other heart defects that may cause cyanosis include:Coarctatio

ed in all of the microchapter pages you create.

 mplate found here. Copy all the template information in the edit box. Paste it into the home page of the microchaptered you a

ited and its source code replaced by:Don't make (a redirect that points to another redirect); they don't work, they create slow,

edia's draft privacy policy) You will be able to rename pages. You will be able to set your own preferences, to change things such

625,-95.677068&spn=91.690419,149.414063&z=2&source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating Pericarditis that the specter

; VPBs; VPC; VPCs

s well. It is in the spirit of fostering collaboration among health care providers in sharing medical knowledge that WikiDoc was

be due to:Allergic reaction Cancer Collagen vascular disease Parasitic infectionA decreased percentage of basophils may be due
 blastosis fetalis hemolytic disease. Incompatible blood match (when used in blood banks).

m sickness develops 7 - 21 days after the first exposure to a medication.Injected proteins such as antithymocyte globulin (used t

which induce hyponatremia Recently, other AEDs, such as eslicarbazepine ,valproic acid have been found to cause hyponatrem
ms may include:Blurred vision Breathing difficulty Convulsions Drowsiness Eyelid drooping Headache Low blood pressure Mouth
eds to be replaced.During a hemodialysis session, one or two needles must be inserted into the fistula or graft.It is important to

Place the needle into the access site Monitor the machine and blood pressure during treatment Keep records Clean the machin
e marrow transplant, or after chemotherapy Certain medications Certain types of seizures Dementia Depression, bipolar disord

e marrow transplant, or after chemotherapy Certain medications Certain types of seizures Dementia Depression, bipolar disord

bella, or herpes)The ear can also be injured by:Pressure differences between the inside and outside of the eardrum, often from
 . In such conditions, other symptoms usually accompany the vertigo or imbalance.

e symptom as MS progresses. It is often worse in the late afternoon.

 glass of water, cold fruit juice, or soda. Be sure to stir the mixture completely. Do not mix this medication with any liquid other
nant while taking rivastigmine, call your doctor. if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist th

od pressure problems, abnormal sweating, and trouble maintaining normal body temperature.When spinal injuries occur at th
s to be higher in young children with spinal injuries.

ween the visual and vestibular systems is called the vestibular-ocular reflex. The nystagmus (an involuntary rhythmic eye movem
r is flushed with warm and then cool water, usually one ear at a time; the amount of nystagmus resulting is measured. Weak n
e hair cells of the cochlea, though, and cause hearing loss. In cases that do not respond to medical management, surgery may b

is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer.Oral health, poor oral hygiene and missing teeth may be weak risk factors for cancers
ck that does not go away.

and Cervarix ® prevent HPV infection of the oral cavity, and none of these vaccines has yet been approved for the prevention o

side effects to their doctor or nurse, and discuss how to deal with them.

m these substances is even higher for smokers.Air pollution: Air pollution may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer. The risk
in children who are born premature Hemangioma near the eye during infancy Injuries to the eye Tumor in the brain or eye Vis
maximum plus power position of the lens.

ther symptom that could be caused by bacterial conjunctivitis is severe crusting of the infected eye and the surrounding skin. H
ential causes include:Cold or allergiesAcute glaucoma -- a sudden increase in eye pressure that is extremely painful and causes

in children who are born premature Hemangioma near the eye during infancy Injuries to the eye Tumor in the brain or eye Vis
c chemicals or medications while in the womb or after birth Genetic changes or conditions, such as Down syndrome Infection b

and-foot-mouth disease) Weakened immune system -- for example, if you have AIDS or are taking medication after a transplan
continue to have bedwetting episodes.
alth care provider to examine the testicle to detect cancer early.In other cases, no testicle may be found, even during surgery.

ngs of euphoria. These include heroin, opium, codeine, meperidine (Demerol), hydromorphone (Dilaudid), and oxycodone (Oxy

e between Exposure Therapy and Systematic desensitization). It's useful if at each stage the subject asks themselves "is there an
k about because they are bored...to remedy a general lower arousal level.."

h. However, people who try to commit suicide often mistakenly believe that they are doing their friends and relatives a favor b

to 11 weeks with heavy use

the person is under general anesthesia.

enal glands and resulting discharge of epinephrine (adrenaline). The rush of adrenaline stimulates the body and causes a sudde
few minutes, as do the associated feelings of reward, which causes the smoker to continue dosing to maintain the drug’s pleas
hat is leaking Arthritis conditions, such as osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis Cancer that involves the sp
 ems resulting from removing the appendix although a slight increase in some diseases has been noted, for example, Crohn's di

move an infected appendix before it breaks open (ruptures). After reviewing your symptoms and the results of the physical exa

impact on cancer related morbidity or mortality). In contrast, mammography (performed with or without CBE), has a strong bo
belly. The laparoscope will be inserted through 1 of the cuts. Other medical instruments will be inserted through the other cuts

need to switch to an open procedure if there is bleeding, a lot of scar tissue from earlier surgeries, or the patient is very overw
ered "idiosyncratic." This means the reaction is an unusual effect of the medication, not due to a predictable chemical effect of

uits and vegetables. These foods contain substances similar to certain pollens. For example, melon contains substances similar

ATION TESTSAn elimination diet can be used to check for food allergies. An elimination diet is one in which foods that may be c
pain relievers are generally used for mild to moderate pain. Prescription pain relievers, sold through a pharmacy under the dir

han 28 are risk factor for angina. Controlling weight is an available way to decrease the incident of angina. High blood pressure

han 28 are risk factor for angina. Controlling weight is an available way to decrease the incident of angina. High blood pressure
s can cause lightheadedness and fainting.

the heart and carrying blood to the rest of the body, including ascending aortic aneurysms, aortic dissection, and Marfan's synd

the choice will depend on a patient's preferences, lifestyle, and individual risks as determined by age and other medical condi

icine, such as warfarin (Coumadin) or aspirin, for the rest of your life. Biological: made of human or animal tissue. These valves

be asked not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before your surgery. This includes chewing gum and using breath

ay inside your body.This surgery may take 2 to 5 hours.Sometimes other procedures are done during open aortic surgery. These

ed not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before your surgery. This includes chewing gum and using breath mints

tive heart failure Coronary artery disease (especially after a heart attack or coronary artery bypass surgery) Heart surgery Hype
g SCN5A mutation.

men and women as it affects both genders equally. The disease is rare in people under age 40.

hmia.Some of the more common abnormal heart rhythms are:Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutterAtrioventricular nodal reentry tac
h or cough Asthma, which generally also causes shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughingOther causes of chest pain:Strain or
yroid Severe anemia Underactive thyroid

er death rate than people who have heart failure that is not a result of CAD.How long you've had heart failure: There is no spec

en-rich blood moving throughout your body during the surgery. An artery or vein is taken from your body—for example, from y
a heart attack), if you're older than 70, or if you have a history of smoking. Your risk also is higher if you have other diseases or
t away.When to make followup appointments.You also may get instructions on how to deal with common side effects from sur

ss.Higher-than-normal levels of inflammation-related substances, such as C-reactive protein and fibrinogen are being studied a
one CABG than PCI For patients with SYNTAX score lower than 33, no differences have been report in mortality rate of CABG an

heart and abdominal organs) are not in their usual places. In heterotaxy, the spleen may be completely missing. Because the sp
there is a cost reduction of $112,000 due to 1.12 fewer stroke cases with dabigatran. Among these 200 treated patients, there
ons - including digitalis, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers - also may cause heart block. Doctors closely watch peopl
Lenegre's disease.Exposure to toxic substances or taking certain medicines, such as digitalis, also can raise your risk of heart blo

must be checked in the doctor's office, but others can be checked over the phone. Ask your doctor about what types of physica

void vigorous physical activity.To make sure that you do not develop coronary disease after a transplant, you will have cardiac

bromuscular dysplasia and renal artery stenosis. In both conditiions, increased blood pressure occurs due to narrowing of arter
blood vesel that connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery)Both of these connections normally close on their own a few days

include: Advanced diabetes Anaphylaxis (a life-threatening allergic response) Changes in heart rhythm (arrhythmias) Dehydrati

ctors and security wands.Handheld security wands may interfere with your ICD. Show your wallet card and ask to be hand sear
both sides of the face). Intermittent pain in tendons, muscles, joints, and bones. Heart palpitations or an irregular heart beat (Ly
transmission but transmission through this avenue is rare.

ower heart chamber Untreated syphilis (rare)Risk factors include an individual or family history of any of the disorders mention

lve. The leaflets are flaps that open and close the valve.If your mitral valve is too damaged, you will need a new valve. This is ca

e asked not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before your surgery. This includes chewing gum and using breath

n or animal tissue. These valves last 10 to 12 years, but you may not need to take blood thinners for life.Once the new or repair

ill usually be asked not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before your surgery. This includes chewing gum and us
hat can cause weight gain are:Quitting smoking. Most people who quit smoking gain 4 - 10 pounds in the first 6 months after qu

ur body.Be careful around metal detectors and security wands.Handheld security wands may interfere with your pacemaker. Sh

arrows over time. However, the risk of this happening is lower when stents are used, especially stents coated with medicines (d

pared to bare metal stents. However, no conclusive evidence shows that these stents increase the chances of having a heart a

as directed is very important. If you got a stent during percutaneous coronary intervention, the medicine reduces the risk that
ertain shapes of the palate and jaw Large tonsils and adenoids in children Large neck or collar size Large tongue Narrow airway

artment, the complications and the treatment effect of the rehabilitation. Measurements such as keep a healthy lifestyle, cont
omosomal disorders in children with tetralogy of Fallot, such as Down syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome (a condition that caus

rt block: Sinoatrial AV 1° 2° 3° Intraventricular Bundle branch block Right Left Left anterior fascicle Left posterior fascicle Bifasc

um channel blockers - also may cause heart block. Doctors closely watch people who are taking these medicines for signs of pr

and has been linked to the presence of lupus in the mother. It is thought that maternal antibodies may cross the placenta and

ening of the arteries") is a condition where fatty deposits occur on the inner lining of the arteries. This condition dramatically in
or about all your medical conditions including allergies.Tell your doctor if you:drink substantial quantities of alcohol or ever ha
medicine is one listed above.Unexpected bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, such as:Nose bleeds that happen often Un

Rifater®, Rifamate®, Rimactane®, Rifadin®) St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)Ask your doctor if you are not sure if your m
varoxaban. Your doctor will decide how long you should take rivaroxaban. Do not stop taking rivaroxaban without talking with

oducts and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Flector, Voltaren, in Arthrotec)
oderma pigmentosum, albinism, and basal cell nevus syndrome Radiation therapy Medical conditions or drugs that suppress th
people who suffer from cold urticaria. It is especially dangerous when individuals swim in cold water since swimming exposes

rfumes Other chemicals and substances

erfumes, coal tar products, and oil from the skin of a lime. A few airborne allergens, such as ragweed or insecticide spray, can c
-fatality ratio of respiratory diphtheria is 5%–10%.
nary catheterA second outbreak can appear weeks or months after the first. It is almost always less severe and shorter than th
y 8 men is infected).

s, it does not mean that you or your partner has had sexual contact with someone outside of your relationship. Not everyone w

severe lethargy (tiredness) Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Soreness in the upper right part of the belly (under the ribs) F

ur health care provider (doctor, dentist, naturopath) for optimal health care.
at cause leprosy are able to spread from person to person. The transmission might happen when someone with the disease co
efore, whenever possible, avoid contact with armadillos, in order to further decrease the risk of contracting the disease.
of the nails include systemic amyloidosis, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, and lichen planus. Skin cancers near the nail and fin
e juvenile type Kawasaki disease
ed rodents. Sick cats pose a risk of transmitting infectious plague droplets to their owners or to veterinarians. Several cases of h

t be matched to avoid an immune reaction.

ms, the level of IGF-I continues to rise, leading to bone overgrowth and organ enlargement. High levels of IGF-I also cause chan
in the lower back, abdomen, or legs Severe vomiting and diarrhea Dehydration Low blood pressure Loss of consciousnessIf left
II, often called Schmidt's syndrome, usually afflicts young adults. Features of type II may include:An underactive thyroid gland S
cally after tobacco or alcohol consumption.
 are often infertile.

pically understand the speech of others fairly well. Because of this, they are often aware of their difficulties and can become ea
ng aortic aneurysm.

teractive games Is withdrawn May not respond to eye contact or smiles, or may avoid eye contact May treat others as if they a
ne is responsible for the number of children who are currently being diagnosed with autism. They conclude that the benefits o
fluenza viruses (H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2) currently circulating among humans. Influenza A viruses are constantly changing, and t

wing of the spinal column that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. Kidney stones or kidney infections Endometriosis, w
d arthritis, and cancers elsewhere in the body that may spread to the spine.Occupational risk factors: Having a job that requires
ms may occur together or quickly one after the other in what is called a mixed state.

from PDQ.

of the chest or abdomen is affected, although occasionally the pain can include muscles of the neck or arms. The pain usually co
rs Primary germ cell tumors of the brain

ast cancer. These genes include BRCA1, BRCA2, and others. Tests can sometimes show the presence of specific gene changes in
MS), and pregnancy Infections Obesity Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Scleroderma

mmune system increases the risk of cervical cancer.Sexual History:Women who have had many sexual partners have a higher ri

eems to have been completely removed or destroyed, the disease sometimes returns because undetected cancer cells remaine
mmune system is compromised.
y affects rods but can later progress to cones and therefore color blindness)Other causes of color blindness include:Brain or reti

n increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.Lifestyle-related factors such as diets high in red meats and poor in vegetables
eye and the surrounding skin. However, discharge is not essential to the diagnosis, contrary to popular belief. Bacteria such as C

ses of corneal ulcers include:Abrasions (scratches) Foreign bodies in the eye Inadequate eyelid closure Severely dry eyes Severe

eases also thought to be caused by prions, including kuru (seen in New Guinea women who ate the brains of deceased relative

erial from the short arm of chromosome 5, which results in the intellectual disability and health problems characteristic of this
is known as ectopic ACTH syndrome. Lung tumors cause more than half of these cases, and men are affected three times more

pedic merit in doing so anyway. -- Cyde Weys 11:49, 3 May 2007 (UTC)(I happened to notice this because your talk page is on m

and violent behavior Having delusions, depression, Agitation (patient information)|agitation Difficulty doing basic tasks, such as
nder the brand name Moduretic. Again, with this combination of drugs, one should drink fluids only when thirsty and not at oth

ia or stool are caught in the diverticula. An attack of diverticulitis can develop suddenly and without warning.

ctor may inject dye into a vein and the person may be given a similar mixture to swallow. The person lies on a table that slides
ed by a problem in the part of the brain that handles messages about muscle contractions. Scientists suspect a defect in the bo

s okay for the patient to return home, they are no longer infectious and cannot infect anyone else in their communities.
ubal sterilization will be ectopic.Ectopic pregnancy is also more likely in women who have:Had surgery to reverse tubal steriliza

t it increases the risk of endometrial cancer. This risk is greater in postmenopausal women.Another drug in the SERM group, ral
these narrow esophageal passages have a higher rate of the squamous cell type of esophageal cancer after several years.Work
stances) may be linked to an increased risk of NHL. Research to clarify these possible links is still in progress. Some chemothera

a result of parental withdrawal, rejection, or hostility Economic problems that affect nutrition, living conditions, and parental a
lts from the abnormal development of the fluid outflow channels in the eye. It is often hereditary and tends to run in families.S
ng (scalp lead) during labor

y stops Can't take a deep breath Difficulty breathing Difficulty swallowing Drooling Fainting Feeling light-headed when standing
s. This syndrome is characterized by severe anemia and leads to difficulty swallowing due to webs of tissue that grow across the

ities have been undermined by the significant percentage of patients cured of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC

well as it did previously) Gray-colored or bronze-colored skin

sk for hemochromatosis usually develop the disease and its symptoms at a younger age than women who are at risk.

fferent blood type

ortosystemic shunt) Surgery Use of medications that suppress the central nervous system (such as barbiturates or benzodiazep
not spread by contaminated food or water, and cannot be spread casually in the workplace.
the gene onto your children.
curs especially in patients with kidney problems
mpotence Infection Older age Cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation Scarring from sexually transmitted dise

inflammation in the top half of the small intestine (jejunum). Crohn's (granulomatous) colitis only affects the large intestine.A
ers. Working with or around asbestos, coal dust, cotton dust, and silica dust.Cigarette smoking may increase the risk of develop

can Americans have a slightly higher rate of kidney cancer than other races.
 have a urinary tract infection. These stones can grow very large and can block the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Uric acid stones a

essed (become worse), or is not using complete sentences At 48 months: often uses words incorrectly or uses a similar or relate
lso: Respiratory syncytial virus{{#ev:youtube|_JUEVEENE4M}}

n. CT scans can also be used to guide biopsy and a biopsy sample is usually removed and looked at under a microscope.Magneti

he risk of lung cancer. The risk from air pollution is higher for smokers.Family history of lung cancer: People with a father, moth
nces) may be linked to an increased risk of NHL. Research to clarify these possible links is still in progress. Some chemotherapy
g blood vessels gathers and lifts the macula, distorting vision. A small blind spot may also appear in wet macular degeneration, r
ntia Depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia when symptoms have not been well controlled Dissociative disorder (not be

n syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome) Errors of chromosome numbers (such as Down syndrome)Environmental: Deprivation syn
contactAny of the neurologic problems that occur with a stroke may also be present.

fe-threatening for the child involved.

t vertigo a few times a year. Others may be occasionally disturbed by intense, uncontrollable tinnitus while sleeping. Ménière's
inner ear fluid that occupies the space between the membranous labyrinth and the bony inner ear. This mixing, scientists belie
symptoms, controlled systemic disease, Karnofsky performance status >/= 70, absence of encephalopathy or cranial nerve defi

Niemann-Pick.A person in the early stages of the disease may show only a few symptoms. Not every symptom will be seen in t
er medical disorders:Cancer Kidney disease Liver disease Thyroid disease (high or low) Vitamin deficiency (B1, B12, or folate)
pancreatic cancer.Other studies suggest that exposure to certain chemicals in the workplace or a diet high in fat may increase t
that cannot be heard by humans. The sound waves produce a pattern of echoes as they bounce off internal organs. The echoes
ccurs especially in patients with kidney problems
, or faint, when you stand up. Angina is the warning chest pain for heart disease and heart attack. Nerve damage may "hide" th
phasia) Repeat anything spoken to them (echolalia) Shrinking vocabulary Weak, uncoordinated speech soundsNeurological prob

lso: Respiratory syncytial virus{{#ev:youtube|_JUEVEENE4M}}

d Worsens into paralysis Sensitivity to touch; mild touch may be painful Stiff neck and back Swallowing difficulty
oesn't make all of the hormones it needs for any of the eggs to fully mature. Follicles may start to grow and build up fluid. But

m becomes thick, which can cause heavy bleeding or irregular bleeding. Over time, this can lead to endometrial hyperplasia, wh
neumonia are other complications.
ows that African Americans have a slightly higher rate of renal cell carcinoma than other races.

ath holding. It may help to remind yourself that normal breathing always returns and that your child will become used to the ab

be injected into a patient’s vein to create a better picture.

de symptoms of more than one other type of schizophrenia.People with residual schizophrenia have some symptoms, but not

s Too little vitamin D (deficiency)

eptics Haemorrhagic stroke can occasionally present with seizures, embolic strokes generally do not (though epilepsy is a comm

evelopmental stage, separation anxiety may return during periods of stress. Most children will experience some degree of sepa
protective equipment, which limits the amount of silica dust workers inhale.
p medications Stimulant-dependent sleep disorder: insomnia that occurs when you stop or become dependent on certain type

rium enema. Computed tomography (CT) scan: CT scans are often used to diagnose small intestine cancer. It can confirm the lo

n public Meeting new people Speaking in public Using public restrooms

r to locate where the cancer has spread.Chest X-ray: This plain x-ray of your chest may be done to see if the cancer has spread t

ncy is thought to play a part in this type of birth defect. The vitamin folic acid (or folate) is important for brain and spinal cord d
ssible.Abdominal and whole body symptoms have no specificity. Other health problems may also cause similar symptoms. Go t
have had testicular cancer are at increased risk of developing cancer in the other testicle. Family history of testicular cancer: Th
ng sperm before treatment for use in the future). This procedure allows some men to have children even if the treatment caus
ms such as numbness, tingling, coldness, or burning to describe their symptoms. Up to 80 percent of those with transverse myel
ects the body from foreign organisms, mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissue, causing inflammation and, in some cases, dam

who experience relapse have an identifiable underlying disorder. People with a recurrent relapsing disorder will usually require
tumors: The granulosa-theca cell tumor, one type of ovarian tumor, can produce estrogen and increase the risk of endometria
ironments that are warm, damp, and dark. Not only can these factors contribute to the cause of vulvovaginitis, they frequently
olism, coma, or certain infections Surgery Traumatic injury TumorsIf the kidney is working properly, and there is enough aldoste
onic rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, eating disorders Taking corticosteroid medications (prednisone, methylpredn
in the epigastric area. Pancreatic pseudocyst can cause a lumpy mass in the upper abdomen in the epigastric area. Renal cell c

kly food moves through the digestive system after stomach surgery or an increase in bile in the colon after gallbladder surgery.
tinal polyps, usually in the small intestine and usually benign)

nes. Insoluble fiber passes through the intestines almost unchanged. The bulk and soft texture of fiber help prevent hard, dry st

some cases, blood and thyroid tests may be necessary to look for thyroid disease and serum calcium or to rule out inflammato

kly food moves through the digestive system after stomach surgery or an increase in bile in the colon after gallbladder surgery.
ng that tend to be worse after eating. Undigested fat may cause stools to be pale, bulky, and greasy. Weight loss and marasmus

ng that tend to be worse after eating. Undigested fat may cause stools to be pale, bulky, and greasy. Weight loss and marasmus

ng gastric emptying tests to confirm a diagnosis of gastroparesis.Gastric emptying scintigraphy. This test involves eating a bland
n increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.Lifestyle-related factors such as diets high in red meats and poor in vegetables
und in the brain. Cells that line the inside of the bowel work as transporters and carry the serotonin out of the GI tract. People

nsvaginal donor kidney extraction Transvaginal cholecystectomy Transvaginal appendectomy

may also lead to more severe jaundice:Certain medications Congenital infections, such as rubella, syphilis, and others Diseases

sophagus, as well as your stomach. Ulcers may also be caused by untreated GERD. The long-term use of anti-inflammatory drug
ood and absorbing nutrients that are needed for growth. As a result, they often have fatty, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea); a
of the mouth (cleft palate).

d glasses) Early and massive vomiting, which may be a sign of a gastrointestinal blockage, such as esophageal atresia and duod

mmon in people with PKD.PKD is associated with the following conditions:Brain aneurysms Cysts in the liver, pancreas, and tes
Forgetting details about current events Forgetting events in your own life history, losing awareness of who you are Change in sl
nce the development of late-onset Alzheimer’s in some way. Scientists around the world are searching for these genes. Resear

lity to a life threatening disease, e.g., malaria, reduces life expectancy. If a vaccine or cure is developed, the same genes no lon

de of the eardrum, often from scuba diving Skull fractures (can damage the structures or nerves of the ear) Trauma from explos

inappropriate behavior may be observed.

ems found in women who received the vaccine during pregnancy, before they knew they were pregnant.

ems found in women who received the vaccine during pregnancy, before they knew they were pregnant.
rting a new paragraph. Please use this sparingly. Close markup between lines, do not start a link or italics or bold on one line an

use cyanosis include:Coarctation or complete interruption of the aorta Ebstein's anomaly Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Tetra
ge of the microchaptered you are creating. Use search and replace; so put "Type page name here" in the top window, and the n

y don't work, they create slow, unpleasant experiences for the reader, and they make the navigational structure of the site con

ferences, to change things such as: The number of pages displayed in Recent changes The fonts, colours and layout of the site,

ng Pericarditis that the specter. ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)== ==Possible complications== ==Sources==
l knowledge that WikiDoc was created. WikiDoc is a global textbook or encyclopedia of medicine that anyone can add to and e

ntage of basophils may be due to:Acute allergic reaction

antithymocyte globulin (used to treat organ transplant rejection) and rituximab (used to treat immune disorders and cancers)

en found to cause hyponatremia.

ache Low blood pressure Mouth watering (excessive salivation) Nausea and vomiting Numbness Pain and swelling at site of bite
fistula or graft.It is important to stick to the diet and medicines the dialysis staff and your kidney specialist (nephrologist) presc

Keep records Clean the machine Order supplies

ntia Depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia when symptoms have not been well controlled Dissociative disorder (not be

ntia Depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia when symptoms have not been well controlled Dissociative disorder (not be

de of the eardrum, often from scuba diving Skull fractures (can damage the structures or nerves of the ear) Trauma from explo
medication with any liquid other than the ones listed. If the medication is mixed with water, juice, or soda, it must be taken with
ry, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking rivastigmine.

When spinal injuries occur at the lower back level, varying degrees of symptoms can affect one or both legs, as well as the musc

nvoluntary rhythmic eye movement) that occurs when a person is spun around and then suddenly stops is an example of a vesti
resulting is measured. Weak nystagmus or the absence of nystagmus may indicate an inner ear disorder.Another test of the ve
al management, surgery may be indicated.A program of talk therapy and/or physical rehabilitation may be recommended for p

be weak risk factors for cancers of the oral cavity. Use of mouthwash that has a high alcohol content is a possible, but not prove

approved for the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer. More information about these vaccines is in the NCI fact sheet Human P

he risk of lung cancer. The risk from air pollution is higher for smokers.Family history of lung cancer: People with a father, moth
e Tumor in the brain or eye Vision loss from any eye disease or injury
eye and the surrounding skin. However, discharge is not essential to the diagnosis, contrary to popular belief. Bacteria such as C
s extremely painful and causes serious visual disturbances. This is a medical emergency. Most times, glaucoma is chronic and gr

e Tumor in the brain or eye Vision loss from any eye disease or injury
as Down syndrome Infection before birth, including cytomegalovirus infection, or infection with German measles during the ea

ng medication after a transplantDrugs that may cause mouth sores include:Aspirin Barbiturates (used for insomnia) Chemother
be found, even during surgery. This may be due to a problem that occurred while the baby was still developing in the mother (c

(Dilaudid), and oxycodone (Oxycontin).Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants include amphetamines, cocaine, dextroamphe

ect asks themselves "is there anything more I could do?" By considering which factors they can manipulate they should be able
r friends and relatives a favor by taking themselves out of the world.
es the body and causes a sudden release of glucose, as well as an increase in blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate9. Nico
ng to maintain the drug’s pleasurable effects and prevent withdrawal.Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include irritability, craving
ritis Cancer that involves the spine Fibromyalgia Infection of the spine (osteomyelitis, diskitis, abscess) Kidney infection or kidne
noted, for example, Crohn's disease.Sometimes an abscess forms around a burst appendix—called an appendiceal abscess. An

the results of the physical exam and medical tests, your surgeon will decide whether you need surgery.

r without CBE), has a strong body of evidence to support its routine use as a screening tool for early detection of malignancy.Th
nserted through the other cuts. Gas will be pumped into your belly to expand it. This gives the surgeon more space to work. Fir

es, or the patient is very overweight.Endoluminal fundoplication is a new procedure that uses a special camera called an endos
predictable chemical effect of the drug. Many people confuse an uncomfortable, but not serious, side effect of a medicine (suc

on contains substances similar to ragweed pollen, and apples have allergens similar to tree pollen.Many Americans believe they

ne in which foods that may be causing symptoms are removed from the diet for several weeks and then slowly re-introduced o
ough a pharmacy under the direction of a physician, are used for more moderate to severe pain.Anticonvulsants are used for th

of angina. High blood pressure: Patients with Hypertension seem to have a higher risk to develope coronary artery disease. Thi

of angina. High blood pressure: Patients with Hypertension seem to have a higher risk to develope coronary artery disease. Thi
 c dissection, and Marfan's syndrome.

by age and other medical conditions.

n or animal tissue. These valves last 10 to 12 years, but you may not need to take blood thinners for life.In some cases, you will

chewing gum and using breath mints. Rinse your mouth with water if it feels dry, but be careful not to swallow. Take the drugs

ring open aortic surgery. These include:Coronary bypass surgery Graft of the first part of the aorta (large blood vessel leaving t

ng gum and using breath mints. Rinse your mouth with water if it feels dry, but be careful not to swallow. Take the drugs your

ss surgery) Heart surgery Hypertension Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Medications e.g. porfimer sodium Hyperthyroidism Peric
rioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT)Multifocal atrial tachycardiaParoxysmal supraventricular tachycardiaHeart blo
r causes of chest pain:Strain or inflammation of the muscles and tendons between the ribs Inflammation where the ribs join th
d heart failure: There is no specific length of time after which your heart function is unlikely to improve. General speaking, the l

your body—for example, from your chest or leg—and prepared to be used as a graft for the bypass. In surgery with several byp
r if you have other diseases or conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, lung disease, or peripheral arterial disease.
common side effects from surgery. Side effects often go away within 4 to 6 weeks after surgery, but may include:Discomfort o

fibrinogen are being studied as possible indicators of an increased risk for heart disease.Increased levels of a chemical called h
 ort in mortality rate of CABG and PCI Compliance to medications Preferences of patient Individual factors, such as anatomic com

mpletely missing. Because the spleen is an extremely important part of the immune system, babies born without a spleen are in
ese 200 treated patients, there is a cost reduction of $4,800 due to 0.6 fewer major bleeds. There is also a cost increase of $2,8
k. Doctors closely watch people who are taking these medications for signs of problems. Some types of heart block have been
o can raise your risk of heart block.Well-trained athletes and young people are at higher risk for first-degree heart block caused

or about what types of physical activity are safe for you. A pacemaker usually would not limit you from doing sports and physic

ansplant, you will have cardiac catheterization every year.Heart transplant prolongs the life of patients who would otherwise di

curs due to narrowing of arteries supplying to the kidney. Pheochromocytoma: Caused by an excessive secretion of norepinep
 close on their own a few days after birth.In babies with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, blood from the right side of the heart

hythm (arrhythmias) Dehydration Fainting

et card and ask to be hand searched. Most security gates at airports and stores are okay. But do not stand near these devices fo
ns or an irregular heart beat (Lyme carditis). Episodes of dizziness or shortness of breath. Inflammation of the brain and spinal c

of any of the disorders mentioned above and use of fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine (appetite suppressants banned by the FDA

will need a new valve. This is called valve replacement surgery. Your surgeon will remove your mitral valve and sew a new one

chewing gum and using breath mints. Rinse your mouth with water if it feels dry, but be careful not to swallow. Take the drugs

for life.Once the new or repaired valve is working, your surgeon will:Close your heart and take you off the heart-lung machine

s includes chewing gum and using breath mints. Rinse your mouth with water if it feels dry, but be careful not to swallow. Take
ds in the first 6 months after quitting. Some people gain as much as 25 - 30 pounds. Stress, anxiety, feeling sad, or not sleeping

erfere with your pacemaker. Show your wallet card and ask to be hand searched. Most security gates at airports and stores are

stents coated with medicines (drug-eluting stents).Stents are small mesh tubes that support the inner artery wall. They reduce

he chances of having a heart attack or dying, if used as recommended.The risk of complications is higher in:People aged 75 and

medicine reduces the risk that blood clots will form in the stent. Blood clots in the stent can block blood flow and cause a heart
 e Large tongue Narrow airway Nasal obstructionIn addition to these risk factors, drinking alcohol or using sedatives before slee

as keep a healthy lifestyle, control hypertension and diabetes may decrease your risk of stroke.
yndrome (a condition that causes heart defects, low calcium levels, and immune deficiency).

le Left posterior fascicle Bifascicular Trifascicular Adams–Stokes syndrome Tachycardia (paroxysmal and sinus) Supraventricula

these medicines for signs of problems. Some types of heart block have been linked to genetic mutations (changes in the genes

es may cross the placenta and attack the heart tissue during gestation. The cause of congenital third-degree heart block in man

s. This condition dramatically increases the risk for both TIAs and stroke. About 80 - 90% of people who have a stroke due to at
quantities of alcohol or ever had liver problems. Vytorin may not be right for you. are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Do
se bleeds that happen often Unusual bleeding from the gums Menstrual bleeding that is heavier than normal or vaginal bleedin

tor if you are not sure if your medicine is one listed above.Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your docto
aroxaban without talking with your doctor first. Your doctor may stop rivaroxaban for a short time before any surgery, medical

Flector, Voltaren, in Arthrotec), diflunisal, fenoprofen (Nalfon), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), ketoprofen, k
itions or drugs that suppress the immune system Personal history of one or more skin cancers Family history of skin cancer Acti
water since swimming exposes all of the individual’s skin to the cold. When this level of exposure occurs, the body releases high

weed or insecticide spray, can cause contact dermatitis.

ess severe and shorter than the first outbreak. Over time, the number of outbreaks may decrease. Once a person is infected, h
ur relationship. Not everyone who has been exposed to the HPV virus and genital warts wil develop them.The following factors

rt of the belly (under the ribs) Fever and flu -like symptoms Joint painIn many cases people who have chronic hepatitis C may n
n someone with the disease coughs or sneezes. This leads to the release of droplets into the air that carry the bacteria to anoth
contracting the disease.
n cancers near the nail and fingertip can distort the nail. Subungal melanoma is a potentially deadly cancer that will normally a
veterinarians. Several cases of human plague have occurred in the United States in recent decades as a result of contact with in

h levels of IGF-I also cause changes in glucose (sugar) and lipid (fat) metabolism and can lead to diabetes, high blood pressure,
ure Loss of consciousnessIf left untreated, an addisonian crisis can be fatal.
:An underactive thyroid gland Slow sexual development Diabetes Vitiligo Loss of pigment on areas of the skinScientists think th
difficulties and can become easily frustrated. People with Broca’s aphasia often have right-sided weakness or paralysis of the a
 ct May treat others as if they are objects Prefers to spend time alone, rather than with others Shows a lack of empathyRespons
ey conclude that the benefits of vaccines outweigh the risks.All of the routine childhood vaccines are available in single-dose fo
 are constantly changing, and they might adapt over time to infect and spread among humans.During an outbreak of avian influ

ney infections Endometriosis, which is the buildup of uterine tissue in places outside the uterus. Fibromyalgia, a condition of w
tors: Having a job that requires heavy lifting, pushing, or pulling, particularly when this involves twisting or vibrating the spine, c
eck or arms. The pain usually comes in waves that last 15 to 30 minutes, although some people report having pain episodes tha
sexual partners have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Also, a woman who has had sex with a man who has had many

ndetected cancer cells remained somewhere in the body after treatment. Checkups may include a physical exam, Pap tests, and
r blindness include:Brain or retinal damage caused by shaken baby syndrome or other accidents and trauma which produce sw

meats and poor in vegetables and fruits, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol abuse, obesity and so on.Racial and ethnic ba
opular belief. Bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Moraxella can cause a non-exudative but persistent conjunctivitis with

osure Severely dry eyes Severe eye allergies Various inflammatory disorders Chemical burns that can injure the cornea

the brains of deceased relatives as part of a funerary ritual), scrapie (found in sheep), chronic wasting disease (found in deer), a

problems characteristic of this disorder.

n are affected three times more often than women.In rare cases, an abnormality of the adrenal glands, most often an adrenal tu

because your talk page is on my watchlist) I think it should also be noted that, although it appears to have come out after that

culty doing basic tasks, such as preparing meals, choosing proper clothing, or drivingPeople with severe dementia can no longe
nly when thirsty and not at other times.Dipsogenic DI is caused by a defect in or damage to the thirst mechanism, which is loca

out warning.

erson lies on a table that slides into a donut-shaped machine. The dye helps to show complications of diverticulitis such as perfo
tists suspect a defect in the body's ability to process a group of chemicals called neurotransmitters, which help cells in the brain

se in their communities.
urgery to reverse tubal sterilization in order to become pregnant Had an intrauterine device (IUD) and became pregnant (very u

her drug in the SERM group, raloxifene, is used to prevent bone weakness in postmenopausal women and has not been shown
cancer after several years.Workplace exposures: Clinical surveys show exposure to chemical fumes, such as solvents used for dr
in progress. Some chemotherapy drugs used to treat other cancers may increase the risk of developing NHL many years later.

ving conditions, and parental attitudes Exposure to infections, parasites, or toxins Poor eating habits, such as eating in front of
y and tends to run in families.Secondary glaucomaIt is caused as complications of other medical conditions and/or procedures,
ng light-headed when standing
s of tissue that grow across the upper part of the esophagus. Larynx. Exposure to airborne particles of asbestos, especially in th

uamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who subsequently develop second primary tumors. The incidence of second primary tumors ra

men who are at risk.

as barbiturates or benzodiazepine tranquilizers)Disorders that can mimic or mask symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy include
g from sexually transmitted diseases, injury, or surgery Retrograde ejaculation Smoking Use of certain drugs, such as cimetidine

nly affects the large intestine.A person's genes and environmental factors seem to play a role in the development of Crohn's dis
may increase the risk of developing some forms of ILD and may cause the disease to be more severe.
r, or bladder. Uric acid stones are more common in men than in women. They can occur with gout or chemotherapy.Other sub

rectly or uses a similar or related word instead of the correct word

at under a microscope.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): An MRI uses magnetic fields but it is a different type of image than w

cer: People with a father, mother, brother, or sister who had lung cancer may be at slightly increased risk of the disease, even i
progress. Some chemotherapy drugs used to treat other cancers may increase the risk of developing NHL many years later. For
in wet macular degeneration, resulting in loss of one's central vision. Central vision loss can occur very quickly. If this occurs, th
ed Dissociative disorder (not being able to remember a major, traumatic event; the memory loss may be short-term or long-ter

nvironmental: Deprivation syndromeGenetic abnormalities and inherited metabolic disorders: Adrenoleukodystrophy Galactos
 nitus while sleeping. Ménière's disease sufferers may also notice a hearing loss and feel unsteady all day long for prolonged pe
ear. This mixing, scientists believe, can cause the symptoms of Ménière's disease. Scientists are investigating several possible ca
halopathy or cranial nerve deficit, initially low CSF protein level, absence of CSF compartamentalization or bulky CNS disease m

very symptom will be seen in the later stages of the disease.

eficiency (B1, B12, or folate)
a diet high in fat may increase the chance of getting pancreatic cancer.Most people with known risk factors do not get pancrea
off internal organs. The echoes create a picture of the pancreas and other organs inside the abdomen. The echoes from tumor
k. Nerve damage may "hide" this warning sign. You should learn other warning signs of a heart attack. They are sudden fatigue,
peech soundsNeurological problems: Increased muscle tone (rigidity) Memory loss that gets worse Movement/coordination di

lowing difficulty
to grow and build up fluid. But no one follicle becomes large enough. Instead, some follicles may remain as cysts. Since no follic

to endometrial hyperplasia, when the lining grows too much, and cancer.
hild will become used to the abnormal breathing pattern.
have some symptoms, but not as many as those who are in a full-blown episode of schizophrenia.

not (though epilepsy is a common later complication); cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, a rare type of stroke, is more likely to

xperience some degree of separation anxiety when in unfamiliar situations, especially when separated from their parents.Whe
ome dependent on certain types of stimulantsPROBLEMS WITH STAYING AWAKE:Disorders of excessive sleepiness are called hy

ne cancer. It can confirm the location of the cancer and show the organs near the small intestine, as well as lymph nodes and d

o see if the cancer has spread to your lungs.Whole Bone Scan: The goal of a whole body bone scan is to show if a cancer has m

tant for brain and spinal cord development.Also, if a child is born with myelomeningocele, future children in that family have a
o cause similar symptoms. Go to see your doctor to verify your diseases as early as possible. Diseases with similar symptoms are
 history of testicular cancer: The risk for testicular cancer is greater in men whose brother or father has had the disease.
dren even if the treatment causes loss of fertility.
 t of those with transverse myelitis report areas of heightened sensitivity to touch, such that clothing or a light touch with a fing
mation and, in some cases, damage to myelin within the spinal cord.Because some affected individuals also have autoimmune d

ng disorder will usually require some type of ongoing therapy that modulates or suppresses the immune system. The propose o
ncrease the risk of endometrial cancer.Polycystic ovarian syndrome: This is a condition with abnormal hormone levels, such as
vulvovaginitis, they frequently prolong the recovery period. A lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women can result in vaginal
rly, and there is enough aldosterone, tissue trauma alone rarely leads to hyperkalemia. A normally functioning kidney will remo
tions (prednisone, methylprednisolone) every day for more than 3 months, or taking some antiseizure drugs Hyperparathyroidis
the epigastric area. Renal cell carcinoma can cause a smooth, firm, but not tender mass near the kidney (usually only affects on

colon after gallbladder surgery.People who visit foreign countries are at risk for traveler’s diarrhea, which is caused by eating fo
 fiber help prevent hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass.Americans eat an average of 5 to 14 grams of fiber daily,* which is

cium or to rule out inflammatory, metabolic, and other disorders.Extensive testing usually is reserved for people with severe sy

colon after gallbladder surgery.People who visit foreign countries are at risk for traveler’s diarrhea, which is caused by eating fo
asy. Weight loss and marasmus, poor appetite: Unintended or unexpected weight loss is very common in patients with gallblad

asy. Weight loss and marasmus, poor appetite: Unintended or unexpected weight loss is very common in patients with gallblad

This test involves eating a bland meal, such as eggs or egg substitute, that contains a small amount of a radioactive substance, c
meats and poor in vegetables and fruits, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol abuse, obesity and so on.Racial and ethnic ba
onin out of the GI tract. People with IBS, however, have diminished receptor activity, causing abnormal levels of serotonin to ex

a, syphilis, and others Diseases that affect the liver or biliary tract, such as cystic fibrosis or hepatitis Hypoxia Infections (such a

m use of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB), can increase your risk of ulcers.Odynophagia can also be
smelling stools (steatorrhea); are slow to grow and gain weight (failure to thrive); and experience malnutrition. Pancreatic insu
s esophageal atresia and duodenal atresia Hearing problems, probably caused by regular ear infections Hip problems and risk o

s in the liver, pancreas, and testes Diverticula of the colonAs many as half of people with PKD have cysts on the liver.
ess of who you are Change in sleep patterns, often waking up at night Difficulty reading or writing Poor judgment and loss of ab
arching for these genes. Researchers have identified variants of the SORL1, CLU, PICALM, and CR1 genes that may play a role in

eloped, the same genes no longer present a problem. With Alzheimer’s disease, for example, those with the certain apo-E gen

of the ear) Trauma from explosions, fireworks, gunfire, rock concerts, and earphones
or italics or bold on one line and close it on the next. You can break lines<br> without starting a new paragraph. It's easy to cre

lastic left heart syndrome Tetralogy of Fallot Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection Transposition of the great arteries
e" in the top window, and the name of the disease (ie; Jaundice) in the lower box. Click the red button on the right side of these

tional structure of the site confusing.To learn more about redirects click here.

colours and layout of the site, by using different skins.

ns== ==Sources==
e that anyone can add to and edit. It is also a source of healthcare news stories. Launched by C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. of H
mmune disorders and cancers) cause serum sickness reactions.Blood products may also cause serum sickness.
Pain and swelling at site of bite Paralysis Shock Slurred speech Swallowing difficulty Swelling of tongue and throat Weakness Sk
specialist (nephrologist) prescribed.
ed Dissociative disorder (not being able to remember a major, traumatic event; the memory loss may be short-term or long-ter

ed Dissociative disorder (not being able to remember a major, traumatic event; the memory loss may be short-term or long-ter

of the ear) Trauma from explosions, fireworks, gunfire, rock concerts, and earphones
, or soda, it must be taken within 4 hours.To take a dose of rivastigmine solution, follow these steps:Remove the oral dosing sy

r both legs, as well as the muscles that control your bowels and bladder:Loss of normal bowel and bladder control (you may ha

ly stops is an example of a vestibular-ocular reflex.

disorder.Another test of the vestibular system, posturography, requires the individual to stand on a special platform capable of
on may be recommended for people with anxiety.Template:WH Template:WS

tent is a possible, but not proven, risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity.Occupational exposure, occupational exposure to wo

s in the NCI fact sheet Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines.

cer: People with a father, mother, brother, or sister who had lung cancer may be at slightly increased risk of the disease, even i
opular belief. Bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Moraxella can cause a non-exudative but persistent conjunctivitis with
mes, glaucoma is chronic and gradualCorneal scratches caused by sand, dust, or overuse of contacts
German measles during the early stages of pregnancy Infections after birth, such as bacterial meningitis Problems with the str

used for insomnia) Chemotherapy drugs for cancer Gold (used for rheumatoid arthritis) Penicillin Phenytoin (used for seizures)
till developing in the mother (congenital).

amines, cocaine, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, and methylphenidate (Ritalin). These drugs have a stimulating effec

manipulate they should be able to keep moving smoothly up their hierarchy. Research by Marks and Rachmann citation needed
spiration, and heart rate9. Nicotine also suppresses insulin output from the pancreas, which means that smokers are always slig
toms include irritability, craving, cognitive and attentional deficits, sleep disturbances, and increased appetite. These symptom
scess) Kidney infection or kidney stones Problems related to pregnancy Medical conditions that affect the female reproductive
led an appendiceal abscess. An abscess is a pus-filled mass that results from the body's attempt to keep an infection from spre

arly detection of malignancy.The goal of the examination in the setting of symptoms is to better characterize the abnormality, i
urgeon more space to work. First, the surgeon cuts the bile duct and blood vessels that lead to the gallbladder. Then the surgeo

special camera called an endoscope. The tube is passed down through your mouth and into your esophagus. Your doctor will p
s, side effect of a medicine (such as nausea) with a true drug allergy, which can be life threatening.

n.Many Americans believe they have food allergies, while in reality fewer than 1% have true allergies. Most symptoms are caus

nd then slowly re-introduced one at a time while the person is watched for signs of an allergic reaction.BLOOD TESTSBlood test
Anticonvulsants are used for the treatment of seizure disorders but are also sometimes prescribed for the treatment of pain. C

pe coronary artery disease. This is because that Hypertension decrease the reserve of coronary arteries. Diabetes mellitus: Like

pe coronary artery disease. This is because that Hypertension decrease the reserve of coronary arteries. Diabetes mellitus: Like
 for life.In some cases, you will have coronary artery bypass surgery, or surgery to replace the first part of the aorta (large blood

not to swallow. Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water. Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to

ta (large blood vessel leaving the heart) Ross (or switch) procedure

o swallow. Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water. Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arriv

r sodium Hyperthyroidism Pericarditis Valvular heart disease (especially mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation)
entricular tachycardiaHeart block or atrioventricular blockSick sinus syndromeVentricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardiaW
mmation where the ribs join the breast bone or sternum (costochondritis) Shingles (sharp, tingling pain on one side that stretch
mprove. General speaking, the longer you have had heart failure, the poorer prognosis may be even with appropriate treatment

ass. In surgery with several bypasses, both artery and vein grafts are commonly used.Artery grafts. These grafts are much less li
pheral arterial disease.
, but may include:Discomfort or itching from healing incisions.Swelling of the area where an artery or vein was removed for gra

ed levels of a chemical called homocysteine, an amino acid, are also linked to an increased risk of a heart attack.
al factors, such as anatomic complexity, which is discussed in the following table: PCI would help patients with STEMI and ische

es born without a spleen are in danger of severe bacterial infections and death. In another form of heterotaxy several small spl
re is also a cost increase of $2,800 among these 200 treated patients due to 0.4 MI cases. The total additional cost of dabigatran
ypes of heart block have been linked to genetic mutations (changes in the genes). An overly active vagus nerve also can cause h
first-degree heart block caused by an overly active vagus nerve. You have one vagus nerve on each side of your body. These ne

u from doing sports and physical activity. But you may need to avoid full-contact sports, such as football, that can damage the p

atients who would otherwise die. About 80% of heart transplant patients are alive 2 years after the operation. At 5 years, 70% o

cessive secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine which promotes vasoconstriction Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
rom the right side of the heart travels through the ductus arteriosus. This is the only way for blood to get to the body. If the du

not stand near these devices for long periods. Your ICD may set off alarms.
mation of the brain and spinal cord. Nerve pain. Shooting pains, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet. Problems with short

uppressants banned by the FDA) for 4 or more months.

mitral valve and sew a new one into place. There are two main types of new valves:Mechanical -- made of man-made materials,

not to swallow. Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water. Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to

you off the heart-lung machine. Place catheters (tubes) around your heart to drain fluids that build up. Close your breastbone w

be careful not to swallow. Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water. Your doctor or nurse will tell yo
ty, feeling sad, or not sleeping well For women: Menopause -- women may gain 12-15 pounds during menopause Not losing th

gates at airports and stores are okay. But do not stand near these devices for long periods. Your pacemaker may set off alarms.

inner artery wall. They reduce the chance of the artery becoming narrowed or blocked again. Some stents are coated with med

is higher in:People aged 75 and older People who have kidney disease or diabetes Women People who have poor pumping fun

k blood flow and cause a heart attack.DO NOT STOP TAKING THEM WITHOUT TALKING TO YOUR DOCTOR FIRST. Stopping these
ol or using sedatives before sleep may exacerbate the condition and increase the likelihood of an episode of apnea.Having a nec
mal and sinus) Supraventricular Atrial Multifocal Junctional AV nodal reentrant Junctional ectopic Ventricular Accelerated idiov

utations (changes in the genes). An overly active vagus nerve also can cause heart block. You have one vagus nerve on each sid

hird-degree heart block in many patients is unknown. Studies suggest that the prevalence of congenital third-degree heart bloc

le who have a stroke due to atherosclerosis had a TIA episode before.

r plan to become pregnant. Do not use Vytorin if you are pregnant, trying to become pregnant or suspect that you are pregnan
 than normal or vaginal bleedingBleeding that is severe or you cannot control Red, pink or brown urine Bright red or black stoo

list of them to show your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
me before any surgery, medical or dental procedure. Your doctor will tell you when to start taking rivaroxaban again after your s

ethacin (Indocin), ketoprofen, ketorolac, mefenamic acid (Ponstel), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), oxaprozin (Daypro), piroxicam
amily history of skin cancer Actinic keratosisActinic keratosis is a type of flat, scaly growth on the skin. It is most often found on
e occurs, the body releases high levels of histamine and other immune system chemicals. As a result of the release of all these c
se. Once a person is infected, however, the virus hides within nerve cells and remains in the body. The virus can remain "asleep
lop them.The following factors put you at higher risk for getting genital warts, having them spread more quickly, having them r

have chronic hepatitis C may not feel ill.Even if a person with hepatitis C has no symptoms, he or she can still spread the virus t
that carry the bacteria to another person. It might also happen if you are exposed to other nasal fluids (also known as secretion
adly cancer that will normally appear as a dark streak down the length of the nail. Darkening of the cuticle associated with a pig
es as a result of contact with infected cats.In the Middle Ages in Europe, massive plague epidemics killed millions of people. Pla

diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.In more than 95 percent of people with acromegaly, a benign tumor of the pit
weakness or paralysis of the arm and leg because the frontal lobe is also important for motor movements.3. Global aphasia: A
hows a lack of empathyResponse to sensory information:Does not startle at loud noises Has heightened or low senses of sight,
are available in single-dose forms that do not contain added mercury.
uring an outbreak of avian influenza among poultry, there is a possible risk to people who have contact with infected birds or s

Fibromyalgia, a condition of widespread muscle pain and fatigue.Additionally, although osteoporosis itself is not painful, it can
wisting or vibrating the spine, can lead to injury and back pain. An inactive job or a desk job may also lead to or contribute to p
eport having pain episodes that last for several hours. The pain can be so severe that you have trouble breathing, sweat a lot a
with a man who has had many sexual partners may be at higher risk of developing cervical cancer. In both cases, the risk of dev

a physical exam, Pap tests, and chest x-rays.

and trauma which produce swelling of the brain in the occipital lobe Damage to the retina caused by exposure to ultraviolet lig

and so on.Racial and ethnic background: Among all racial groups in the United States, African Americans have the highest incid
ut persistent conjunctivitis without much redness. The gritty and/or scratchy feeling is sometimes localized enough for patients

t can injure the cornea

asting disease (found in deer), and other rare human diseases, such as Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease and fatal familia
lands, most often an adrenal tumor, causes Cushing’s syndrome. Adrenal tumors are four to five times more common in wome

ars to have come out after that discussion, there is advice from the EFF at this point stating that their interpretation of the DMC

h severe dementia can no longer:Understand language Recognize family members Perform basic activities of daily living, such a
thirst mechanism, which is located in the hypothalamus. This defect results in an abnormal increase in thirst and fluid intake th

ns of diverticulitis such as perforations and abscesses.

ers, which help cells in the brain communicate with each other.The ultimate goals of research are to find the cause(s) of the dys
D) and became pregnant (very unlikely when IUDs are in place)Ectopic pregnancies occur in 1 in every 40 to 1 in every 100 preg

omen and has not been shown to increase the risk of endometrial cancer.Inherited riskHereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (H
es, such as solvents used for dry cleaning, may lead to an increased risk of esophageal cancer.Tobacco and alcoholDiet: About
eloping NHL many years later. For example, patients who have been treated for Hodgkin lymphoma have an increased risk of la

abits, such as eating in front of the television and not having formal meal timesMany times the cause cannot be determined.
conditions and/or procedures, including eye surgery, advanced cataracts, eye injuries, certain eye tumors, and uveitis. It can b
cles of asbestos, especially in the workplace.Immigrants from Southeast Asia who use paan (betel quid) in the mouth should be

ce of second primary tumors ranges in studies from 9.1% to 23% at 20 years. Second primary tumors are the major threat to lo

hepatic encephalopathy include:Alcohol intoxication Complicated alcohol withdrawal Meningitis Metabolic abnormalities such
ertain drugs, such as cimetidine, spironolactone, and nitrofurantoinIn healthy couples under age 30 who have sex regularly, the

he development of Crohn's disease. The body may be overreacting to normal bacteria in the intestines.The inflammation relate
ut or chemotherapy.Other substances also can form stones.
a different type of image than what is produced by computed tomography (CT) and produces detailed images of the body. The

ased risk of the disease, even if they don't smoke.Personal history of lung cancer: People who have had lung cancer are at incr
ping NHL many years later. For example, patients who have been treated for Hodgkin lymphoma have an increased risk of later
ur very quickly. If this occurs, the patient urgently needs evaluation by an ophthalmologist with experience in retina disease.
 may be short-term or long-term) Drugs such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines Electroconvulsive therapy (especially if it is lon

Adrenoleukodystrophy Galactosemia Hunter syndrome Hurler syndrome Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Phenylketonuria Rett syndrom
y all day long for prolonged periods. Other occasional symptoms of Ménière's disease include headaches, abdominal discomfo
nvestigating several possible causes of the disease, including environmental factors, such as noise pollution and viral infections
lization or bulky CNS disease manifested by impedance of CSF flow and history of primary breast tumor.
risk factors do not get pancreatic cancer. On the other hand, many who do get the disease have none of these factors. People w
omen. The echoes from tumors are different from echoes made by healthy tissues.The ultrasound procedure may use an exter
ttack. They are sudden fatigue, sweating, shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting.Other Symptoms of Nerve DamageSexual p
rse Movement/coordination difficulties (apraxia) WeaknessOther problems: Urinary incontinence
remain as cysts. Since no follicle becomes large enough and no egg matures or is released, ovulation does not occur and the h
type of stroke, is more likely to be accompanied by seizures than other types of stroke Multiple sclerosis sufferers may rarely e

arated from their parents.When children are in situations (such as hospitals) and are experiencing stress (such as illness or pain
cessive sleepiness are called hypersomnias.These include:Idiopathic hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness that occurs without an

, as well as lymph nodes and distant organs where the cancer might have spread. These are helpful in staging the cancer and in

an is to show if a cancer has metastasized to your bones.

e children in that family have a higher risk than the general population. However, in many cases, there is no family connection.
ases with similar symptoms are listed in the following:Acute or chronic gastritis Angina Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis Depress
her has had the disease.
hing or a light touch with a finger causes significant discomfort or pain (a condition called allodynia). Many also experience heig
duals also have autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome, and sarcoidosis, some scienti

mmune system. The propose of such therapies is to reduce the chance of future relapses.
ormal hormone levels, such as higher estrogen levels and lower levels of progesterone. This can also increase the risk of endom
sal women can result in vaginal dryness and thinning of vaginal and vulvar skin, which may also lead to or worsen genital itching
ly functioning kidney will remove the excess potassium that has been released from the cells.Increased intake of potassium can
izure drugs Hyperparathyroidism Vitamin D deficiency
 kidney (usually only affects one kidney). Spleen enlargement (splenomegaly) can sometimes be felt in the left-upper quadrant

ea, which is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Traveler’s diarrhea can b
grams of fiber daily,* which is short of the 20 to 35 grams recommended by the American Dietetic Association. Both children a

erved for people with severe symptoms, for those with sudden changes in the number and consistency of bowel movements or

ea, which is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Traveler’s diarrhea can b
mmon in patients with gallbladder cancer. These people also complain of being very tired and having little or no appetite.Othe

mmon in patients with gallbladder cancer. These people also complain of being very tired and having little or no appetite.Othe

nt of a radioactive substance, called radioisotope, that shows up on scans. The dose of radiation from the radioisotope is not da
and so on.Racial and ethnic background: Among all racial groups in the United States, African Americans have the highest incid
normal levels of serotonin to exist in the GI tract. As a result, they experience problems with bowel movement, motility, and se

titis Hypoxia Infections (such as sepsis) Many different genetic or inherited disorders

lcers.Odynophagia can also be caused by medical treatments, such as radiation therapy for cancer. Some prescription medicati
e malnutrition. Pancreatic insufficiency often improves with age in people with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.Skeletal abnor
ections Hip problems and risk of dislocation Long-term (chronic) constipation problems Sleep apnea (because the mouth, throa

ve cysts on the liver.

g Poor judgment and loss of ability to recognize danger Using the wrong word, mispronouncing words, speaking in confusing se
1 genes that may play a role in risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s.A nutritious diet, physical activity, social engagement, and mentall

ose with the certain apo-E gene patterns have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s. When scientists develop a cure, Alzheim
new paragraph. It's easy to create a list: Start every line with a star (asterisk). More stars means deeper levels. A newline in a li

nsposition of the great arteries Truncus arteriosusCyanotic heart diseases may be caused by:Chemical exposure Genetic and ch
button on the right side of these boxes to replace the terms. Remove links that are not relevant to the disease that you are crea
Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. of Harvard Medical School in 2006, WikiDoc is the first and largest wiki dedicated to medicine on th
ongue and throat Weakness Skin color changes Skin tissue damage Stomach or abdominal pain Weak pulse
may be short-term or long-term) Drugs such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines Electroconvulsive therapy (especially if it is lo

may be short-term or long-term) Drugs such as barbiturates or benzodiazepines Electroconvulsive therapy (especially if it is lo
eps:Remove the oral dosing syringe that came with this medication from its protective case. Push down and twist off the child-

nd bladder control (you may have constipation, leakage, and bladder spasms) Numbness Pain Sensory changes Spasticity (increa
on a special platform capable of movement within a controlled visual environment; body sway is recorded in response to move

e, occupational exposure to wood dust is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer. Certain industrial exposures, including exposu

ased risk of the disease, even if they don't smoke.Personal history of lung cancer: People who have had lung cancer are at incr
ut persistent conjunctivitis without much redness. The gritty and/or scratchy feeling is sometimes localized enough for patients
eningitis Problems with the structure of the inner earMixed hearing loss is hearing loss that results from a combination of cond

n Phenytoin (used for seizures) Streptomycin Sulfonamides

e drugs have a stimulating effect, and people can start needing higher amounts of these drugs to feel the same effect (tolerance

and Rachmann citation needed demonstrated that optimum results are obtained with daily practice lasting at least an hour; an
ans that smokers are always slightly hyperglycemic (i.e., they have elevated blood sugar levels10). The calming effect of nicotine
ased appetite. These symptoms may begin within a few hours after the last cigarette, quickly driving people back to tobacco us
affect the female reproductive organs, including endometriosis, ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, or uterine fibroids
to keep an infection from spreading. An abscess may be addressed during surgery or, more commonly, drained before surgery.

characterize the abnormality, identify underlying etiology, and direct additional evaluation and treatment. Breast related symp
he gallbladder. Then the surgeon removes the gallbladder, using the laparoscope. Sometimes the surgeon cannot safely take ou

r esophagus. Your doctor will place small clips on the inside where the esophagus meets the stomach. These clips help prevent
rgies. Most symptoms are caused by intolerances to foods such as:Corn products. Cow's milk and dairy products. Wheat and o

action.BLOOD TESTSBlood tests can be done to measure the amount of immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibodies to a specific allergen
ed for the treatment of pain. Carbamazepine in particular is used to treat a number of painful conditions, including trigeminal n

arteries. Diabetes mellitus: Like hypertension, patients with diabetes mellitus seem to have a higher risk to develope coronary a

arteries. Diabetes mellitus: Like hypertension, patients with diabetes mellitus seem to have a higher risk to develope coronary a
st part of the aorta (large blood vessel leaving the heart) at the same time.Once the new valve is working, your surgeon will:Clo

r or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.

urse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.

al regurgitation)
tion or ventricular tachycardiaWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
ng pain on one side that stretches from the chest to the back) Anxiety and rapid breathingChest pain can also be related to the
ven with appropriate treatment.Compensatory factors: "compensatory factors" are various adjustments to correct the effects o

s. These grafts are much less likely than vein grafts to become blocked over time. The left internal mammary artery most often

ery or vein was removed for grafting.Muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and upper back.Fatigue (tiredness), mood swings

of a heart attack.
p patients with STEMI and ischemic symptoms for less than 12 hours. Rescue PCI is recommended for STEMI patients who faile

of heterotaxy several small spleens exist, but may not work correctly. Heterotaxy may also include:Abnormal gallbladder syste
tal additional cost of dabigatran treatment inclusive of complications in 200 patients is $110,600. The cost per year of life saved
ve vagus nerve also can cause heart block. You have one vagus nerve on each side of your body. These nerves run from your br
ch side of your body. These nerves run from your brain stem all the way to your abdomen. Activity in the vagus nerve slows the

football, that can damage the pacemaker.

he operation. At 5 years, 70% of people will still be alive after a heart transplant.The main problem, as with other transplants, i

osteronism (Conn's syndrome): Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, Liddle's syndrome (also called pseudoaldosteronism), glucocor
od to get to the body. If the ductus arteriosus is allowed to close in a baby with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the patient ma
ds or feet. Problems with short-term memory.Notes Fever and other flu-like symptoms may occur in the absence of rash. A sm

made of man-made materials, such as titanium, or ceramic. These valves last the longest, but you will need to take blood thinn

r or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.

ld up. Close your breastbone with stainless steel wires. It will take about 6 weeks for the bone to heal. The wires will stay insid

Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.
uring menopause Not losing the weight they gained during pregnancy

pacemaker may set off alarms.After any operation, have your doctor check your pacemaker.

me stents are coated with medicines that are slowly and continuously released into the artery. The medicines help prevent the

le who have poor pumping function in their hearts People who have extensive heart disease and blockages in their coronary (h

DOCTOR FIRST. Stopping these medications too soon can be life-threatening.Recovery and Recuperation:Most people recover
episode of apnea.Having a neck size over 17 inches for men and 16 inches for women is also a risk factor for sleep apnea. Mor
 c Ventricular Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Catecholaminergic polymorphic Torsades de pointes Premature contraction A

ve one vagus nerve on each side of your body. These nerves run from your brain stem all the way to your abdomen. Activity in

ngenital third-degree heart block is between 1 in 15,000 and 1 in 22,000 live births.Hyperkalemia in those with previous cardiac
r suspect that you are pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking Vytorin, stop taking it and contact your doctor immediat
n urine Bright red or black stools (looks like tar) Cough up blood or blood clots Vomit blood or your vomit looks like "coffee gro

g rivaroxaban again after your surgery or procedure. Do not run out of rivaroxaban. Refill your prescription of rivaroxaban befo

oxaprozin (Daypro), piroxicam (Feldene), and sulindac (Clinoril); bicalutamide; bosentan; certain antiarrhythmic medications s
skin. It is most often found on areas exposed to the sun, especially the face and the backs of the hands. The growths may appe
sult of the release of all these chemicals, the individual’s blood pressure can drop, which may result in fainting, shock, and rare
y. The virus can remain "asleep" (dormant) for a long period of time (this is called latency). The infection can flare-up or reactiv
ad more quickly, having them return, or having other complications of HPV:Having multiple sexual partners Not knowing wheth

r she can still spread the virus to others.

fluids (also known as secretions). Droplets and other body secretions can contain the bacteria that cause leprosy, thereby tran
he cuticle associated with a pigmented streak may be a sign of an aggressive melanoma.Poisons:Arsenic poisoning may cause w
 ics killed millions of people. Plague can still be found in Africa, Asia, and South America. Today, plague is rare in the United Stat

egaly, a benign tumor of the pituitary gland, called an adenoma, produces excess GH. Pituitary tumors are labeled either micro-
movements.3. Global aphasia: Another type of non-fluent aphasia, results from damage to extensive portions of the language ar
htened or low senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste May find normal noises painful and hold hands over ears May wit
contact with infected birds or surfaces that have been contaminated with secretions or excretions from infected birds.

orosis itself is not painful, it can lead to painful fractures of the vertebrae. Pregnancy is also a common cause of back pain.Infecti
also lead to or contribute to pain, especially if you have poor posture or sit all day in an uncomfortable chair.Cigarette smoking
rouble breathing, sweat a lot and become anxious.
er. In both cases, the risk of developing cervical cancer is higher because these women have a higher risk of HPV infection.Using
ed by exposure to ultraviolet light The drug hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), which is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, among

mericans have the highest incidence and mortality rates to develope colorectal cancer. The reason is not yet clear.Age: Both yo
s localized enough for patients to insist they must have a foreign body in the eye. The more acute pyogenic infections can be pa

einker disease and fatal familial insomnia.

 times more common in women than men, and the average age of onset is about 40. Most of these cases involve noncancerou

their interpretation of the DMCA points to the publication of the key being illegal and the safe harbor provision being inapplica

activities of daily living, such as eating, dressing, and bathingOther symptoms that may occur with dementia:Incontinence Swa
ase in thirst and fluid intake that suppresses ADH secretion and increases urine output. Desmopressin or other drugs should no
e to find the cause(s) of the dystonias so that they can be prevented, and to find ways to cure and/or more effectively treat peo
every 40 to 1 in every 100 pregnancies.

y nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) syndrome is an inherited disorder caused by changes in certain genes. Women who have
obacco and alcoholDiet: About 15% of esophageal cancer can be linked to a diet that is poor in fruits and vegetables.ObesityGen
oma have an increased risk of later developing NHL. But it’s not totally clear if this is related to the disease itself or if it is an effe

ause cannot be determined.

ye tumors, and uveitis. It can be caused by drugs such as corticosteroids, which are used to treat eye inflammations. Pigmentar
el quid) in the mouth should be aware that this habit has been strongly associated with an increased risk for oral cancer. Also, c

umors are the major threat to long-term survival after successful therapy of early-stage HNSCC. Their high incidence results from

Metabolic abnormalities such as low blood glucose Sedative overdose Subdural hematoma (bleeding under the skull) Wernick
30 who have sex regularly, the chance of getting pregnant is about 25 - 30% per month.A woman's peak fertility occurs in her e

estines.The inflammation related to Crohn's disease frequently occurs at the end of the small intestine that joins the large intes
tailed images of the body. The magnets and the computer takes multiple pictures of your body with the tumor and helps to visu

ave had lung cancer are at increased risk of developing a second lung tumor.Age over 65: Most people are older than 65 years
 have an increased risk of later developing NHL. But it’s not totally clear if this is related to the disease itself or if it is an effect o
experience in retina disease.
ve therapy (especially if it is long-term) Encephalitis of any type (infection, autoimmune disease, chemical/drug induced) Epilep

Phenylketonuria Rett syndrome Sanfilippo syndrome Tay-Sachs disease Tuberous sclerosisMetabolic: Congenital hypothyroidis
eadaches, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea. A person's hearing tends to recover between attacks but over time becomes wo
e pollution and viral infections, as well as biological factors.
 none of these factors. People who think they may be at risk for pancreatic cancer should discuss this concern with their doctor
nd procedure may use an external or internal device, or both types: Transabdominal ultrasound: To make images of the pancre
toms of Nerve DamageSexual problems. Men may have problems with erections. Women may have trouble with vaginal dryne
ation does not occur and the hormone progesterone is not made. Without progesterone, a woman's menstrual cycle is irregula
sclerosis sufferers may rarely experience seizuresSome medications produce an increased risk of seizures and electroconvulsiv

ng stress (such as illness or pain), they seek the safety, comfort, and protection of their parents. When parents cannot be with
epiness that occurs without an identifiable cause) Narcolepsy Obstructive and central sleep apnea Periodic limb movement diso

pful in staging the cancer and in determining whether surgery is a good treatment option.

there is no family connection.Some theorize that a virus make play a role, since there is a higher rate of this condition in childr
hiasis and cholecystitis Depression Gastric ulcer Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
nia). Many also experience heightened sensitivity to changes in temperature or to extreme heat or cold.Bladder and bowel pro
e, and sarcoidosis, some scientists suggest that transverse myelitis may also be an autoimmune disorder. In addition, some can
also increase the risk of endometrial cancer.A diet high in animal fatEndometrial hyperplasia: Atypical hyperplasia is a precanc
ead to or worsen genital itching and burning. Some skin conditions can cause itching and chronic irritation of the vulvar area. Fo
creased intake of potassium can cause hyperkalemia if kidney function is poor. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, as do m
felt in the left-upper quadrant. Stomach cancer can cause a mass in the left-upper abdomen in the stomach area (epigastric) if

sites. Traveler’s diarrhea can be a problem for people visiting developing countries. Visitors to the United States, Canada, most
tic Association. Both children and adults often eat too many refined and processed foods from which the natural fiber has been

stency of bowel movements or blood in the stool, and older adults. Additional tests that may be used to evaluate constipation

sites. Traveler’s diarrhea can be a problem for people visiting developing countries. Visitors to the United States, Canada, most
aving little or no appetite.Other health problems such as gallstones, hepatitis, and other pancreatic diseases may also cause the

aving little or no appetite.Other health problems such as gallstones, hepatitis, and other pancreatic diseases may also cause the

from the radioisotope is not dangerous. The scan measures the rate of gastric emptying at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. When more tha
mericans have the highest incidence and mortality rates to develope colorectal cancer. The reason is not yet clear.Age: Both yo
wel movement, motility, and sensation—having more sensitive pain receptors in their GI tract. Researchers have reported that I

er. Some prescription medications may also lead to painful swallowing.

mond syndrome.Skeletal abnormalities are another common feature of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. Many affected individ
nea (because the mouth, throat, and airway are narrowed in children with Down syndrome) Teeth that appear later than norm
words, speaking in confusing sentences Withdrawing from social contact Having hallucinations, arguments, striking out, and ex
ocial engagement, and mentally stimulating pursuits can all help people stay healthy. New research suggests the possibility tha

entists develop a cure, Alzheimer’s will no longer compromise the quality and length of life for those who are at risk.There app
 deeper levels. A newline in a list marks the end of a list item. An empty line starts a new list. * It's easy to create a list: ** Start

emical exposure Genetic and chromosomal syndromes, such as Down syndrome, trisomy 13, Turner syndrome, Marfan syndrom
o the disease that you are creating. The links on the home page should match, and be in the same order, as the cells in the mic
ki dedicated to medicine on the internet with an initial focus on cardiovascular disease.As a student I struggled to find informa
ve therapy (especially if it is long-term) Encephalitis of any type (infection, autoimmune disease, chemical/drug induced) Epilep

ve therapy (especially if it is long-term) Encephalitis of any type (infection, autoimmune disease, chemical/drug induced) Epilep
sh down and twist off the child-resistant cap to open the bottle of rivastigmine solution. Put the tip of the oral syringe into the w

nsory changes Spasticity (increased muscle tone) Weakness and paralysis

recorded in response to movement of the platform and/or the visual environment.

ial exposures, including exposures to asbestos and synthetic fibers, have been associated with cancer of the larynx. Industrial e

ave had lung cancer are at increased risk of developing a second lung tumor.Age over 65: Most people are older than 65 years
s localized enough for patients to insist they must have a foreign body in the eye. The more acute pyogenic infections can be pa
lts from a combination of conductive and sensorineural problems. Causes of mixed hearing loss can include any combination o
feel the same effect (tolerance).Central nervous system depressants include alcohol, barbiturates (amobarbital, pentobarbital

tice lasting at least an hour; and that the daily session should be ended by allowing the level of arousal to fall off to around half
). The calming effect of nicotine reported by many users is usually associated with a decline in withdrawal effects rather than d
ving people back to tobacco use. Symptoms peak within the first few days of smoking cessation and may subside within a few w
monly, drained before surgery. To drain an abscess, a tube is placed in the abscess through the abdominal wall. CT is used to he

treatment. Breast related symptoms may include any of the following:Discrete masses detected by the patient, often concernin
e surgeon cannot safely take out the gallbladder using a laparoscope. In this case, the surgeon will instead do an open cholecys

mach. These clips help prevent food or stomach acid from coming back. An endoscope is similar to a laparoscope. This procedu
d dairy products. Wheat and other gluten-containing grains.

ntibodies to a specific allergen in the blood. This test may be used when skin testing is not helpful or cannot be doneOther bloo
onditions, including trigeminal neuralgia. Another antiepileptic drug, gabapentin, is being studied for its pain-relieving propertie

her risk to develope coronary artery disease. Because diabetes mellitus damage both coronary arteries and myocardial capillar

her risk to develope coronary artery disease. Because diabetes mellitus damage both coronary arteries and myocardial capillar
working, your surgeon will:Close the small cut to your heart or aorta Place catheters (flexible tubes) around your heart to drain
pain can also be related to the following digestive system problems:Heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) Stomach ulce
stments to correct the effects of heart failure on other organs. When heart failure occurs, various hormone levels including ren

al mammary artery most often is used for an artery graft. It's located inside the chest, close to the heart. Arteries from the arm

atigue (tiredness), mood swings, or depression.Problems sleeping or loss of appetite.Constipation.Chest pain around the site of
ed for STEMI patients who failed re-perfusion after fibrinolytic therapy to improve the survival. PCI has been related to improv

de:Abnormal gallbladder system Problems with the lungs Problems with the structure of the intestines Severe heart defectsPo
. The cost per year of life saved assuming 6.75 years of survival could therefore be as low as $16,385.If society views $50,000 /
These nerves run from your brain stem all the way to your bdomen. Activity in the vagus nerve slows the heart rate.In some ca
ity in the vagus nerve slows the heart rate.

em, as with other transplants, is rejection. If rejection can be controlled, survival increases to over 10 years.

seudoaldosteronism), glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism Cushing's syndrome - an excessive secretion of glucocorticoids

heart syndrome, the patient may quickly die because no blood will be pumped to the body. Babies with known hypoplastic left
ur in the absence of rash. A small bump or redness at the site of a tick bite that occurs immediately and resembles a mosquito

ou will need to take blood thinning medicine, such as warfarin (Coumadin) or aspirin, for the rest of your life. Biological -- made

o heal. The wires will stay inside your body.You may have a temporary pacemaker connected to your heart until your natural he
The medicines help prevent the artery from becoming blocked again. However, stents aren't without risks. In some cases, blood

d blockages in their coronary (heart) arteries

uperation:Most people recover from percutaneous coronary intervention and return to work about 1 week after leaving the ho
isk factor for sleep apnea. Moreover, having a deviated septum would cause a nasal obstruction that could lead to sleep apnea
ointes Premature contraction Atrial Junctional Ventricular Pre-excitation syndrome Lown–Ganong–Levine Wolff–Parkinson–Wh

y to your abdomen. Activity in the vagus nerve slows the heart rate.In some cases, acquired heart block may go away if the fact

in those with previous cardiac disease and Lyme disease can also result in third-degree heart block.
contact your doctor immediately. are breast-feeding. Do not use Vytorin if you are breast-feeding.Tell other doctors prescribin
our vomit looks like "coffee grounds" Headaches, feeling dizzy or weak Pain, swelling, or new drainage at wound sitesPeople wh

rescription of rivaroxaban before you run out. When leaving the hospital following a hip or knee replacement, be sure that you

n antiarrhythmic medications such as amiodarone (Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone), mexiletine, and propafenone (Rythmol);
e hands. The growths may appear as rough red or brown patches on the skin. They may also appear as cracking or peeling of th
sult in fainting, shock, and rarely, death. Individuals who suffer from cold urticaria and who choose to swim in cold water may l
nfection can flare-up or reactivate at any time. Events that can trigger latent infection to become active and bring on an outbre
al partners Not knowing whether someone you had sex with had STIs Becoming sexually active at an early age Using tobacco a
hat cause leprosy, thereby transmitting the infection.
:Arsenic poisoning may cause white lines and horizontal ridges. Silver intake can cause a blue nail.Medications:Certain antibioti
plague is rare in the United States, but it has been known to occur in parts of California, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico.Th

mors are labeled either micro- or macro-adenomas, depending on their size. Most GH-secreting tumors are macro-adenomas,
ive portions of the language areas of the brain. Individuals with global aphasia have severe communication difficulties and may
d hold hands over ears May withdraw from physical contact because it is overstimulating or overwhelming Rubs surfaces, mout
ns from infected birds.

mmon cause of back pain.Infections and tumors: Although they are not common causes of back pain, infections can cause pain
ortable chair.Cigarette smoking: Although smoking may not directly cause back pain, it increases your risk of developing low ba
gher risk of HPV infection.Using Birth Control Pills for a Long Time:Using birth control pills for a long time (5 or more years) may
at rheumatoid arthritis, among other conditions

on is not yet clear.Age: Both youth and aged can develop colorectal cancer. But the chances increase markedly after age 50.
e pyogenic infections can be painful. Like viral conjunctivitis, it usually affects only one eye but may spread easily to the other e
ese cases involve noncancerous tumors of adrenal tissue called adrenal adenomas, which release excess cortisol into the blood

arbor provision being inapplicable; in other words, we can't just wait for a notice. -- Philosophus T 12:10, 3 May 2007 (UTC) In t

th dementia:Incontinence Swallowing problems

ressin or other drugs should not be used to treat dipsogenic DI because they may decrease urine output but not thirst and fluid
d/or more effectively treat people now affected. Scientists at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIND
ertain genes. Women who have HNPCC syndrome have a much higher risk of developing endometrial cancer than women who
uits and vegetables.ObesityGender: Men have a 3-fold higher rate of getting esophageal cancer than women.Age: Most cases o
eye inflammations. Pigmentary glaucoma is caused when pigment from the iris breaks off, thereby slowing the fluid drainage a
ased risk for oral cancer. Also, consumption of mate, a tea-like beverage habitually consumed by South Americans, has been ass

Their high incidence results from the same carcinogenic exposure responsible for the initial primary process, called field cancer

eding under the skull) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndromeHepatic encephalopathy may occur as an acute, potentially reversible diso
n's peak fertility occurs in her early 20s. After age 35 (and especially 40), the chances that a woman can get pregnant drops con

estine that joins the large intestine, but it may occur in any area of the digestive tract. There can be healthy patches of tissue b
with the tumor and helps to visualize the organs, blood vessels, bones, soft tissues and helps in diagnosing accurately. Like comp

people are older than 65 years when diagnosed with lung cancer.
, chemical/drug induced) Epilepsy that is not well controlled with medications Head trauma or injury Heart bypass surgery Illne

bolic: Congenital hypothyroidism Hypoglycemia (poorly regulated diabetes) Reye syndrome Hyperbilirubinemia (very high bilir
acks but over time becomes worse.
s this concern with their doctor. The doctor may suggest ways to reduce the risk and can plan an appropriate schedule for chec
To make images of the pancreas, the doctor places the ultrasound device on the abdomen and slowly moves it around. EUS (E
ave trouble with vaginal dryness or orgasm. Some people may not be able to tell when their blood sugar gets too low. Bladder
man's menstrual cycle is irregular or absent. Plus, the cysts make male hormones, which also prevent ovulation.
of seizures and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) deliberately sets out to induce a seizure for the treatment of major depression.

When parents cannot be with their children in these situations, the children experience distress.This is why it is important to st
a Periodic limb movement disorder Restless leg syndromePROBLEMS STICKING TO A REGULAR SLEEP SCHEDULE:Problems may

r rate of this condition in children born in the early winter months. Research also indicates possible environmental factors such
or cold.Bladder and bowel problems may involve increased frequency of the urge to urinate or have bowel movements, inconti
disorder. In addition, some cancers may trigger an abnormal immune response that may lead to transverse myelitis.
typical hyperplasia is a precancerous lesion of endometrial cancer.Prior pelvic radiation therapy: Radiation can increase the risk
irritation of the vulvar area. Foreign bodies, such as lost tampons, can also cause vulvar irritation and itching and strong smelli
ften contain potassium, as do many "low-salt" packaged foods.Hyperkalemia may be caused by medications, including medicati
the stomach area (epigastric) if the cancer is large. Uterine leiomyoma (fibroids) can cause a round, lumpy mass above the pelv

he United States, Canada, most European countries, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand do not face much risk for traveler’s diar
which the natural fiber has been removed.A low-fiber diet also plays a key role in constipation among older adults, who may los

used to evaluate constipation includea colorectal transit study anorectal function tests a defecographyBecause of an increased

he United States, Canada, most European countries, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand do not face much risk for traveler’s diar
tic diseases may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell h

tic diseases may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell h

3, and 4 hours. When more than 10 percent of the meal is still in the stomach at 4 hours, the diagnosis of gastroparesis is confi
on is not yet clear.Age: Both youth and aged can develop colorectal cancer. But the chances increase markedly after age 50.
esearchers have reported that IBS may be caused by a bacterial infection in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies show that people
yndrome. Many affected individuals have problems with bone formation and growth, most often affecting the hips and knees. L
eth that appear later than normal and in a location that may cause problems with chewing Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism
arguments, striking out, and exhibiting violent behavior Having delusions; experiencing depression and/or agitation Difficulty ca
rch suggests the possibility that these factors also might help to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. S

hose who are at risk.There appear to be genes that foster living longer. Researchers have extended the life of fruit flies by 30%
t's easy to create a list: ** Start every line with a star. *** More stars means deeper levels. **** A newline in a list marks the en

ner syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and Noonan syndrome Infections (such as rubella) during pregnancy Poorly controlled blood
me order, as the cells in the microchapter navigation template.For more information on creating links, click here. As you can see
dent I struggled to find information for rounds in the morning. As a former Chief Resident at the Brigham and Womens' Hospita
, chemical/drug induced) Epilepsy that is not well controlled with medications Head trauma or injury Heart bypass surgery Illne

, chemical/drug induced) Epilepsy that is not well controlled with medications Head trauma or injury Heart bypass surgery Illne
tip of the oral syringe into the white stopper opening on top of the bottle. While holding the syringe straight up, pull up on the
ancer of the larynx. Industrial exposure to wood or nickel dust or formaldehyde is a risk factor for cancers of the paranasal sinu

people are older than 65 years when diagnosed with lung cancer.
e pyogenic infections can be painful. Like viral conjunctivitis, it usually affects only one eye but may spread easily to the other e
can include any combination of the above SNHL and CHL causes.Central hearing loss results from damage to the auditory nerve
es (amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital), benzodiazepines (Valium, Ativan, Xanax), chloral hydrate, and paraldehyde. Thes

arousal to fall off to around half its peak value. For this reason it's useful for the subject to keep a note of their arousal level on
thdrawal effects rather than direct effects of nicotine.
and may subside within a few weeks. For some people, however, symptoms may persist for months.While withdrawal is relate
abdominal wall. CT is used to help find the abscess. The drainage tube is left in place for about 2 weeks while antibiotics are giv

by the patient, often concerning for malignancy Pain, which can be associated with a number of processes including: cyclical in
ill instead do an open cholecystectomy.

to a laparoscope. This procedure is done to help prevent reflux.

ul or cannot be doneOther blood tests include:Absolute eosinophil count. Total IgE level.PROVOCATIONProvocation (challenge)
d for its pain-relieving properties, especially as a treatment for neuropathic pain.Antidepressants are sometimes used for the tr

arteries and myocardial capillary vessels. Drinking too much alcohol: Data has demonstrated too much alcohol damage your art

arteries and myocardial capillary vessels. Drinking too much alcohol: Data has demonstrated too much alcohol damage your art
bes) around your heart to drain fluids that build up Close the surgical cut in your muscles and skinThe surgery may take 3 to 6 h
geal reflux (GERD) Stomach ulcer (burning pain occurs if your stomach is empty and feels better when you eat food) Gallbladde
s hormone levels including renin, aldosterone, norepinephrine, atrial natriuretic peptide, and prostaglandin, may increase. Incr

he heart. Arteries from the arm or other places in the body are sometimes used as well.Vein grafts. Although veins are common

n.Chest pain around the site of the chest bone incision (more frequent with traditional CABG).Full recovery from traditional CA
PCI has been related to improved survival rate when done in STEMI patients who are stable and presented 12 to 24 hours afte

estines Severe heart defectsPossible risk factors for dextrocardia include:Family history of the condition Mother with diabetes
,385.If society views $50,000 / year of life saved as cost effective, and' if it costs society $110,600 to save that life when the cos
lows the heart rate.In some cases, acquired heart blockmay go away if the factor causing it is treated or resolved. For example

er 10 years.

ve secretion of glucocorticoids causes the hypertension Hyperparathyroidism Acromegaly Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Ch

es with known hypoplastic left heart syndrome are usually started on a medicine to keep the ductus arteriosus open.Because th
ely and resembles a mosquito bite, is common. This irritation generally goes away in 1-2 days and is not a sign of Lyme disease.

of your life. Biological -- made of human or animal tissue. These valves last 10 - 12 years, but you may not need to take blood t

your heart until your natural heart rhythm returns.Your surgeon may also perform coronary artery bypass surgery at the same
hout risks. In some cases, blood clots can form in stents and cause a heart attack.Your doctor will talk to you about your treatm

out 1 week after leaving the hospital. Your doctor will want to check your progress after you leave the hospital. During the follo
that could lead to sleep apnea .
g–Levine Wolff–Parkinson–White Flutter / fibrillation Atrial flutter Ventricular flutter Atrial fibrillation Familial Ventricular fibril

rt block may go away if the factor causing it is treated or resolved. For example, heart block that occurs after a heart attack or s
ng.Tell other doctors prescribing a new medication that you are taking Vytorin.
inage at wound sitesPeople who take a blood thinner medicine (anticoagulant) like rivaroxaban, and have medicine injected in

replacement, be sure that you will have rivaroxaban available to avoid missing any doses. If you take too much rivaroxaban, go

, and propafenone (Rythmol); certain calcium channel blocking medications such as amlodipine (Norvasc, in Azor, Caduet, Exfo
ear as cracking or peeling of the lower lip that does not heal. Without treatment, a small number of these scaly growths may tu
ose to swim in cold water may lose consciousness as a result of the cold, which may lead to drowning.
e active and bring on an outbreak include:Fatigue Genital irritation Menstruation Physical or emotional stress TraumaAttacks ca
at an early age Using tobacco and alcohol Having stress and other viral infections (such as herpes) at the same time Being pregn
il.Medications:Certain antibiotics can cause lifting of the nail from the nail bed. Chemotherapy medicines can affect nail growth
Colorado, and New Mexico.The three most common forms of plague are:Bubonic plague -- an infection of the lymph nodes Pn

tumors are macro-adenomas, meaning they are larger than 1 centimeter. Depending on their location, these larger tumors ma
munication difficulties and may be extremely limited in their ability to speak or comprehend language.
whelming Rubs surfaces, mouths or licks objects Seems to have a heightened or low response to painPlay:Doesn't imitate the a
pain, infections can cause pain when they involve the vertebrae, a condition called osteomyelitis, or when they involve the disk
s your risk of developing low back pain and low back pain with sciatica. For example, smoking may lead to pain by blocking your
ong time (5 or more years) may slightly increase the risk of cervical cancer among women with HPV infection. However, the risk
ease markedly after age 50.
may spread easily to the other eye. However, it is dormant in the eye for three days before the patient shows signs of symptom
e excess cortisol into the blood. Adrenocortical carcinomas—adrenal cancers—are the least common cause of Cushing’s syndro

T 12:10, 3 May 2007 (UTC) In the absence of the Office saying anything, I'd much rather listen to the Electronic Frontier Founda
e output but not thirst and fluid intake. This fluid overload can lead to water intoxication, a condition that lowers the concentra
cal Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) laboratories have conducted detailed investigations of the pattern of muscle activity in perso
etrial cancer than women who do not have HNPCC syndrome.Polycystic ovary syndromeWomen who have polycystic ovary syn
than women.Age: Most cases occur in those 65 years or older.
eby slowing the fluid drainage and blocking the meshwork. Neovascular glaucoma is a severe form of secondary glaucoma that
South Americans, has been associated with an increased risk of cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and larynx.People wh

ary process, called field cancerization.Throat cancer has numerous negative effects on the body systems.As it can impair a pers

cute, potentially reversible disorder. Or it may occur as a chronic, progressive disorder that is associated with chronic liver disea
man can get pregnant drops considerably.

be healthy patches of tissue between diseased areas. The ongoing inflammation causes the intestinal wall to become thick.
iagnosing accurately. Like computed tomography (CT), a contrast agent may be injected into a patient’s vein to create a better
njury Heart bypass surgery Illness that results in the loss of, or damage to nerve cells (neurodegenerative illness), such as Parkin

erbilirubinemia (very high bilirubin levels in babies)Nutritional: MalnutritionToxic: Intrauterine exposure to alcohol, cocaine, am
 appropriate schedule for checkups.
slowly moves it around. EUS (Endoscopic ultrasound): The doctor passes a thin, lighted tube (endoscope) through the patient's
od sugar gets too low. Bladder problems. You may leak urine. You may not be able to tell when your bladder is full. Some peop
reatment of major depression. Many seizures have unknown causes.Seizures which are provoked are not associated with epilep

.This is why it is important to stay with your child as much as is possible during any medical procedures. Your presence can actu
LEEP SCHEDULE:Problems may also occur when you do not maintain a consistent sleep and wake schedule. This occurs when t

ble environmental factors such as radiation.

have bowel movements, incontinence, difficulty voiding, the sensation of incomplete evacuation, and constipation. Over the co
transverse myelitis.
Radiation can increase the risk of endometrial cancer by damaging the DNA of cells.Diabetes: Epidemiological data shows that
n and itching and strong smelling discharge. Nonspecific vulvovaginitis (where specific cause cannot be identified) can be seen
medications, including medications that affect kidney function (potassium sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, amiloride,
nd, lumpy mass above the pelvis in the lower abdomen (sometimes can be felt if the fibroids are large). Ureteropelvic junction

ce much risk for traveler’s diarrhea.In many cases, the cause of diarrhea cannot be found. As long as diarrhea goes away on its
mong older adults, who may lose interest in eating and choose foods that are quick to make or buy, such as fast foods, or prepa

ographyBecause of an increased risk of colorectal cancer in older adults, the doctor may use tests to rule out a diagnosis of canc

ce much risk for traveler’s diarrhea.In many cases, the cause of diarrhea cannot be found. As long as diarrhea goes away on its
of these symptoms should tell his/her doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

of these symptoms should tell his/her doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

gnosis of gastroparesis is confirmed. Breath test. After ingestion of a meal containing a small amount of isotope, breath sample
ease markedly after age 50.
ract. Studies show that people who have had gastroenteritis sometimes develop IBS, otherwise called post-infectious IBS. Rese
affecting the hips and knees. Low bone density is also frequently associated with this condition. Some infants are born with a n
ractive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
on and/or agitation Difficulty carrying out basic tasks, such as preparing meals, choosing proper clothing, and drivingPeople wit
line and Alzheimer’s disease. Scientists are investigating associations between cognitive decline and vascular and metabolic con

ed the life of fruit flies by 30% by giving them an extra copy of a gene. Other researchers extended the life of nematodes (micro
A newline in a list marks the end of a list item. * An empty line starts a new list. Numbered lists are also good very organized e

gnancy Poorly controlled blood sugar levels in women who have diabetes during pregnancy Medications prescribed by your doc
links, click here. As you can see, although the microchapter pages only have the first letter of the heading capitalized, the way t
Brigham and Womens' Hospital, I remember struggling daily to find the latest information for morning report. As a fellow, findi
njury Heart bypass surgery Illness that results in the loss of, or damage to nerve cells (neurodegenerative illness), such as Parkin

njury Heart bypass surgery Illness that results in the loss of, or damage to nerve cells (neurodegenerative illness), such as Parkin
nge straight up, pull up on the plunger to the mark on the syringe that equals your dose. Check the liquid in the syringe for air
r cancers of the paranasal sinuse s and nasal cavity.Radiation exposure, radiation to the head and neck, for noncancerous cond
may spread easily to the other eye. However, it is dormant in the eye for three days before the patient shows signs of symptom
m damage to the auditory nerve itself, or the brain pathways that lead to the nerve. Central hearing loss is rare in infants and ch
ydrate, and paraldehyde. These substances produce a sedative and anxiety -reducing effect, which can lead to dependence.Ha

a note of their arousal level on a 0-8 scale (where 0=no arousal and 8=intolerable arousal). Before this fall-off phase the level of
nths.While withdrawal is related to the pharmacological effects of nicotine, many behavioral factors can also affect the severity
weeks while antibiotics are given to treat infection. Six to 8 weeks later, when infection and inflammation are under control, su

processes including: cyclical in a menstruating women (reflecting transient hormone induced changes in the breast tissue), occ
CATIONProvocation (challenge) testing involves exposing a person to a suspected allergen under controlled circumstances. This
are sometimes used for the treatment of pain and, along with neuroleptics and lithium, belong to a category of drugs called p

much alcohol damage your arteries and myocardium.Risk factors that you cannot changeAge: People being older than 65 year

much alcohol damage your arteries and myocardium.Risk factors that you cannot changeAge: People being older than 65 year
inThe surgery may take 3 to 6 hours.Aortic valve surgery can also be done through a groin artery. No cuts are made on your che
when you eat food) Gallbladder (pain often gets worse after a meal, especially a fatty meal)In children, most chest pain is not ca
ostaglandin, may increase. Increases in these hormonal factors and other compensatory factors often make heart failure worse

fts. Although veins are commonly used as grafts, they're more likely than artery grafts to develop plaque and become blocked o

ull recovery from traditional CABG may take 6 to 12 weeks or more. Less recovery time is needed for nontraditional CABG. Your
 presented 12 to 24 hours after symptom onset. Regardless of time from MI, PCI can increase survival in STEMI patients who d

ondition Mother with diabetes (may play a role in some forms of dextrocardia)
0 to save that life when the costs of complications are factored in, then' the survival of atrial fibrillation patients must only exce
eated or resolved. For example, heart block that occurs after a heart attack or surgery may go away during recovery.Also, if a m

thyroidism Hypothyroidism Chronic Kidney disease Coarctation of Aorta Drugs: Oral Contraceptives, steroids, NSAIDs, nasal dec
ctus arteriosus open.Because there is little or no flow out of the left heart, blood returning to the heart from the lungs needs to
d is not a sign of Lyme disease. A rash with a very similar appearance to EM occurs with Southern Tick-associated Rash Illness (

u may not need to take blood thinners for life.The surgery may take 2 -4 hours.This surgery can also be done through a groin ar

ery bypass surgery at the same time, if needed.This surgery may take 3 - 6 hours.
l talk to you about your treatment options and which procedure is best for you.

ve the hospital. During the follow-up visit, your doctor will examine you, make changes to your medicines (if needed), do any ne
lation Familial Ventricular fibrillation Pacemaker Ectopic pacemaker / Ectopic beat Multifocal atrial tachycardia Pacemaker synd

occurs after a heart attack or surgery may go away during recovery.Also, if a medicine is causing heart block, the disorder may
and have medicine injected into their spinal and epidural area, or have a spinal puncture have a risk of forming a blood clot th

take too much rivaroxaban, go to the nearest hospital emergency room or call your doctor right away.

(Norvasc, in Azor, Caduet, Exforge, Lotrel, Twynsta), diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Tiazac) and verapamil (Calan, Iso
r of these scaly growths may turn into squamous cell cancer.Bowen's diseaseBowen's disease is a type of scaly or thickened pa
otional stress TraumaAttacks can recur as seldom as once per year, or so often that the symptoms seem continuous. Recurrent
s) at the same time Being pregnant Having an immune system that does not work well, such as during cancer treatment or AIDS
medicines can affect nail growth.Normal aging affects the growth and development of the nails.
nfection of the lymph nodes Pneumonic plague -- an infection of the lungs Septicemic plague -- an infection of the bloodThe tim

ocation, these larger tumors may compress surrounding brain structures. For example, a tumor growing upward may affect the
o painPlay:Doesn't imitate the actions of others Prefers solitary or ritualistic play Shows little pretend or imaginative playBehavi
 , or when they involve the disks that cushion the vertebrae, which is called diskitis. Tumors also are relatively rare causes of ba
ay lead to pain by blocking your body’s ability to deliver nutrients to the disks of the lower back. Repeated coughing due to hea
HPV infection. However, the risk decreases quickly when women stop using birth control pills.Having Many Children:Studies sug
atient shows signs of symptoms. Chemical conjunctivitis: Irritant or toxic conjunctivitis is irritable or painful when the infected e
mmon cause of Cushing’s syndrome. With adrenocortical carcinomas, cancer cells secrete excess levels of several adrenocortica

o the Electronic Frontier Foundation for my advice on this issue than some self-styled legal "buff" on WP:ANI. The EFF employs r
ition that lowers the concentration of sodium in the blood and can seriously damage the brain. Scientists have not yet found an
ttern of muscle activity in persons with focal dystonias. One of the most important characteristics is the failure of reciprocal inhi
who have polycystic ovary syndrome (a disorder of the hormones made by the ovaries) have an increased risk of endometrial c
m of secondary glaucoma that is linked to diabetes.
ophagus, and larynx.People who are at risk for head and neck cancers should talk with their doctor about ways they can reduc

systems.As it can impair a person’s ability to swallow and eat, throat cancer affects the digestive system. The difficulty in swallo

ociated with chronic liver disease.

estinal wall to become thick.
atient’s vein to create a better picture. Inform the doctor if you have prior contrast dye allergy. Do not wear metals while unde
nerative illness), such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or Multiple sclerosis Long-term alcohol abuse Migraine hea

exposure to alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, and other drugs Lead poisoning Methylmercury poisoningTrauma (before and afte
your bladder is full. Some people are not able to empty their bladder. You may sweat too much. This may happen when the tem
d are not associated with epilepsy, and people who experience such seizures are normally not diagnosed with epilepsy. Howev

edures. Your presence can actually reduce the amount of pain the child experiences, as anxiety of any kind makes pain worse.
e schedule. This occurs when traveling between times zones and with shift workers on rotating schedules, particularly nighttim
, and constipation. Over the course of the disease, the majority of people with transverse myelitis will experience one or severa
pidemiological data shows that endometrial cancer may be as much as four times more common in women with diabetes.Fami
nnot be identified) can be seen in all age groups, but it occurs most commonly in young girls before puberty. Once puberty begi
h as spironolactone, amiloride, or triamterene) and potassium supplements (especially intravenous potassium).
 large). Ureteropelvic junction obstruction can cause a mass in the lower abdomen.

ng as diarrhea goes away on its own, an extensive search for the cause is not usually necessary.
uy, such as fast foods, or prepared foods, both of which are usually low in fiber. Also, difficulties with chewing or swallowing ma

s to rule out a diagnosis of cancer, including abarium enema x ray sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopyColorectal transit study. This te

ng as diarrhea goes away on its own, an extensive search for the cause is not usually necessary.
early as possible.

early as possible.

mount of isotope, breath samples are taken to measure the presence of the isotope in carbon dioxide, which is expelled when a
called post-infectious IBS. Researchers have also found very mild celiac disease in some people with symptoms similar to IBS. P
Some infants are born with a narrow rib cage and short ribs, which can cause life-threatening problems with breathing. The co
clothing, and drivingPeople with severe AD can no longer:Understand language Recognize family members Perform the basic a
and vascular and metabolic conditions such as heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity. Understanding

ed the life of nematodes (microscopic worms) by 500% by removing a gene. It isn’t clear yet why the genetic engineering is ext
are also good very organized easy to follow easier still # Numbered lists are also good ## very organized ## easy to follow ### e

ications prescribed by your doctor or bought on your own and used during pregnancy Street drugs used during pregnancy
e heading capitalized, the way that the links appear on the home page is different. It is important to maintain consistency, so as
orning report. As a fellow, finding materials for cardiac cath conference was always a challenge at the end of a long, busy day. L
nerative illness), such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or multiple sclerosis Long-term alcohol abuse Migraine hea

nerative illness), such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or multiple sclerosis Long-term alcohol abuse Migraine hea
the liquid in the syringe for air bubbles. If there are large air bubbles, gently move the syringe plunger up and down a few times
d neck, for noncancerous conditions or cancer, is a risk factor for cancer of the salivary glands.Epstein-Barr virus infection, infe
atient shows signs of symptoms. Chemical conjunctivitis: Irritant or toxic conjunctivitis is irritable or painful when the infected e
ing loss is rare in infants and children.Causes of central hearing loss include:Diseases that affect the protective coating (myelin
ch can lead to dependence.Hallucinogens include LSD, mescaline, psilocybin ("mushrooms"), and phencyclidine (PCP or "angel

e this fall-off phase the level of arousal should be maintained at an uncomfortable but tolerable level.
ors can also affect the severity of withdrawal symptoms. For some people, the feel, smell, and sight of a cigarette and the ritua
ammation are under control, surgery is performed to remove what remains of the burst appendix.An appendectomy is done us

hanges in the breast tissue), occasionally malignancies. Unusual nipple discharge, which may include:Blood, concerning for mali
controlled circumstances. This may be done in the diet or by breathing in the suspected allergen. This type of test may provok
to a category of drugs called psychotropic drugs. In addition, anti-anxiety drugs called benzodiazepines also act as muscle relax

eople being older than 65 years or more have more probobility to develope to coronary artery disease than younger. Gender: M

eople being older than 65 years or more have more probobility to develope to coronary artery disease than younger. Gender: M
. No cuts are made on your chest. The doctor sends a catheter (tube) with a balloon attached on the end to the valve. The ballo
ldren, most chest pain is not caused by the heart.
often make heart failure worse over time.

plaque and become blocked over time. The saphenous vein—a long vein running along the inner side of the leg—is typically u

for nontraditional CABG. Your doctor will tell you when you can start physical activity again. It varies from person to person, b
urvival in STEMI patients who developed complications such as ongoing ischemia, acute sever heart failure, or life-threatening c
illation patients must only exceed 2.2 years for the therapy to be cost effective. (Spending $110,600 to save a life of someone w
way during recovery.Also, if a medication is causing heart block, the disorder may go away if the medication is stopped or the do

ves, steroids, NSAIDs, nasal decongestants with adrenergic effects, MAOIs, adrenoceptor stimulants. Scleroderma Neurofibrom
e heart from the lungs needs to pass through the foramen ovale or an atrial septal defect (a hole connecting the collecting cham
n Tick-associated Rash Illness (STARI), but is not Lyme disease. Ticks can spread other organisms that may cause a different typ

also be done through a groin artery, with no cuts on your chest. The doctor sends a catheter (flexible tube) with a balloon attac
medicines (if needed), do any necessary tests, and check your overall recovery.Use this time to ask questions you may have abo
ial tachycardia Pacemaker syndrome Parasystole Wandering atrial pacemaker Long QT syndrome Andersen–Tawil Jervell and L

heart block, the disorder may go away if the medicine is stopped or the dosage is lowered. Always talk with your doctor befor
a risk of forming a blood clot that can cause long-term or permanent loss of the ability to move (paralysis). Your risk of developi

iazac) and verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan, in Tarka); certain medications for asthma such as montelukast (Singulair), zafirluk
a type of scaly or thickened patch on the skin. It may turn into squamous cell skin cancer.
ms seem continuous. Recurrent infections in men are generally milder and shorter than those in women.
uring cancer treatment or AIDSIf a child has genital warts, you should suspect sexual abuse as a possible cause.
n infection of the bloodThe time between infection and development of symptoms is typically 2 to 7 days, but may be as short

rowing upward may affect the optic chiasm—where the optic nerves cross—leading to visual problems and vision loss. If the tu
tend or imaginative playBehaviors:"Acts up" with intense tantrums Gets stuck on a single topic or task (perseveration) Has a sh
are relatively rare causes of back pain.Emotional: Although the causes of back pain are usually physical, emotional stress can p
Repeated coughing due to heavy smoking may also cause back pain. It is also possible that smokers are just less physically fit or
ving Many Children:Studies suggest that giving birth to many children (5 or more) may slightly increase the risk of cervical cance
e or painful when the infected eye is pointed far down or far up. Discharge and itch are usually absent. It show primarily marked
levels of several adrenocortical hormones, including cortisol and adrenal androgens, a type of male hormone. Adrenocortical c

on WP:ANI. The EFF employs real lawyers. The people saying it's okay on ANI are not, and are just speaking from an amateur (
Scientists have not yet found an effective treatment for dipsogenic DI.Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy and results w
s is the failure of reciprocal inhibition, a normal process in which muscles with opposite actions work without opposing each oth
increased risk of endometrial cancer.Body fatObesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer. This may be because obesity is
tor about ways they can reduce their risk. They should also discuss how often to have checkups.

system. The difficulty in swallowing can lead to a person to choke on their food in the early stages of digestion and interfere w
Do not wear metals while undergoing the proceedure as metals can cause injury.Positron emission tomography (PET) scan: Wh
rm alcohol abuse Migraine headache Mild head injury or concussion Nutritional problems (vitamin deficiencies such as low vita

isoningTrauma (before and after birth): Intracranial hemorrhage before or after birth Lack of oxygen to the brain before, during
This may happen when the temperature is cool, when you are at rest, or at other unusual times.
agnosed with epilepsy. However, the seizures described above resemble those of epilepsy both outwardly, and on EEG testing

of any kind makes pain worse.

schedules, particularly nighttime workers.Sleep disruption disorders include:Irregular sleep-wake syndrome Jet lag syndrome N
tis will experience one or several of these symptoms.
n in women with diabetes.Family history: Clinical survey's show peeople with a family history of endometrial cancer have a high
ore puberty. Once puberty begins, the vagina becomes more acidic, which tends to help prevent infections. Nonspecific vulvova
with chewing or swallowing may cause older people to eat soft foods that are processed and low in fiber.National Center for He

yColorectal transit study. This test shows how well food moves through the colon. The patient swallows capsules containing sm
xide, which is expelled when a person exhales. The results reveal how fast the stomach is emptying. SmartPill. Approved by the
with symptoms similar to IBS. People with celiac disease cannot digest gluten, a substance found in wheat, rye, and barley. Peo
roblems with breathing. The combination of skeletal abnormalities and slow growth results in short stature in most people wit
y members Perform the basic activities of daily living, such as eating, dressing, and bathingOther symptoms that may occur with
es, and obesity. Understanding these relationships and testing them in clinical trials will help us understand whether reducing

y the genetic engineering is extending the lives, but the results are promising.Danish researchers compared identical and frater
ganized ## easy to follow ### easier still Definition list list of definitions item the item's definition another item the other item'

ugs used during pregnancy

t to maintain consistency, so as an example to reference capitalizations and correct nomenclature, click here.
t the end of a long, busy day. Learning is a life long struggle and journey. As long as you are learning about a disease state, why
rm alcohol abuse Migraine headache Mild head injury or concussion Nutritional problems (vitamin deficiencies such as low vita

rm alcohol abuse Migraine headache Mild head injury or concussion Nutritional problems (vitamin deficiencies such as low vita
unger up and down a few times. Do not worry about a few tiny air bubbles. Make sure the plunger is on the mark on the syring
pstein-Barr virus infection, infection with the Epstein-Barr virus is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer and cancer of the saliv
e or painful when the infected eye is pointed far down or far up. Discharge and itch are usually absent. It show primarily marked
the protective coating (myelin sheath) around nerve cells Tumors
ight of a cigarette and the ritual of obtaining, handling, lighting, and smoking the cigarette are all associated with the pleasurab
x.An appendectomy is done using either:Spinal anesthesia. Medicine is put into your back to make you numb below your waist

ude:Blood, concerning for malignancy Milk when not pregnant. Suggestive inappropriate Prolactin secretion from the pituitary
n. This type of test may provoke severe allergic reactions. Challenge testing should only be done by a doctor.Another method is
zepines also act as muscle relaxants and are sometimes used as pain relievers. Physicians usually try to treat the condition with

isease than younger. Gender: Male is an independent risk factor to develope to coronary artery disease than female. Post-men

isease than younger. Gender: Male is an independent risk factor to develope to coronary artery disease than female. Post-men
n the end to the valve. The balloon stretches the opening of the valve. This procedure is called percutaneous valvuloplasty.
art failure, or life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. Performing the PCI is not beneficial in stable and asymptomatic STEMI patie
600 to save a life of someone who lives 2.2. years equates to $50,000 per year of life saved.) Most 71 year old atrial fibrillation
medication is stopped or the dosage is lowered. Always talk with your doctor before you change the way you take your medicati

ants. Scleroderma Neurofibromatosis Pregnancy -unclear mechanism Obstructive sleep apnea Fever: unclear etiology Liquorice
connecting the collecting chambers on the left and right sides of the heart) back to the right side of the heart. If there is no for
that may cause a different type of rash. What Causes Lyme disease? Lyme disease is caused by a bacterial infection you get fro

xible tube) with a balloon attached on the end. The balloon stretches the opening of the valve. This procedure is called percuta
sk questions you may have about activities, medicines, or lifestyle changes, or to talk about any other issues that concern you.L
e Andersen–Tawil Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Romano–Ward Cardiac arrest Sudden cardiac death Asystole Pulseless electrical ac

ays talk with your doctor before you change the way you take your medicines.
paralysis). Your risk of developing a spinal or epidural blood clot is higher if:A thin tube called an epidural catheter is placed in y

montelukast (Singulair), zafirlukast (Accolate), and zileuton (Zyflo); certain medications used to treat cancer such as capecitabin
to 7 days, but may be as short as 1 day for pneumonic plague. Risk factors for plague include a recent flea bite and exposure to

oblems and vision loss. If the tumor grows to the side, it may enter an area of the brain called the cavernous sinus where there
r task (perseveration) Has a short attention span Has very narrow interests Is overactive or very passive Shows aggression to ot
hysical, emotional stress can play a role in how severe pain is and how long it lasts. Stress can affect the body in many ways, inc
ers are just less physically fit or less healthy than nonsmokers, which increases the likelihood that they will develop back pain.
crease the risk of cervical cancer among women with HPV infection.DES (diethylstilbestrol):DES may increase the risk of a rare f
bsent. It show primarily marked redness. This is the only group in which severe pain may occur.
male hormone. Adrenocortical carcinomas usually cause very high hormone levels and rapid development of symptoms.Most ca

ust speaking from an amateur (and potentially very harmful) understanding of law. -- Cyde Weys 20:20, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
during pregnancy and results when an enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH in the mother. The placenta is the system o
work without opposing each other. In dystonia, the tightening of muscles is associated with an abnormal pattern of muscles figh
This may be because obesity is related to other risk factors such as estrogen levels, polycystic ovary syndrome, lack of physical a
on tomography (PET) scan: When doing this test, a small amount of a radioactive medium is injected into your body and absorb
min deficiencies such as low vitamin B12) Permanent damage or injuries to the brain Transient global amnesia Transient ischemi

ygen to the brain before, during, or after birth Severe head injuryUnexplained (this largest category is for unexplained occurren
outwardly, and on EEG testing.Seizures can occur after a subject witnesses a traumatic event. This type of seizure is known as a
e syndrome Jet lag syndrome Natural short sleeper (the person sleeps fewer hours than normal but has no ill effects) Paradoxic
endometrial cancer have a higher risk of developing the disease.Age: The risk of endometrial cancer increases as women becom
infections. Nonspecific vulvovaginitis can occur in girls with poor genital hygiene and is characterized by a foul-smelling, brown
w in fiber.National Center for Health Statistics. Dietary Intake of Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Other Dietary Constituent

wallows capsules containing small markers that are visible on an x ray. The movement of the markers through the colon is moni
ying. SmartPill. Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006, the SmartPill is a small device in capsule form
in wheat, rye, and barley. People with celiac disease cannot eat these foods without becoming very sick because their immune
hort stature in most people with this disorder.The complications of this condition can affect several other parts of the body, inc
symptoms that may occur with AD:Incontinence Swallowing problems
understand whether reducing risk factors for these diseases may help with Alzheimer’s as well.

compared identical and fraternal twins and extrapolated that only 30% of longevity is genetic. That means that 70% is lifestyle
ning about a disease state, why not share what you have learned with others?WikiDoc is intended to be a shared resource for h
min deficiencies such as low vitamin B12) Permanent damage or injuries to the brain Transient global amnesia Transient ischemi

min deficiencies such as low vitamin B12) Permanent damage or injuries to the brain Transient global amnesia Transient ischemi
er is on the mark on the syringe that equals your dose. Remove the oral syringe from the bottle by pulling up on it. Swallow you
al cancer and cancer of the salivary glands.Ancestry. Asian ancestry, particularly Chinese ancestry, is a risk factor for nasopharyn
bsent. It show primarily marked redness. This is the only group in which severe pain may occur.
l associated with the pleasurable effects of smoking and can make withdrawal or craving worse. While nicotine gum and patche
ke you numb below your waist. You will also get medicine to make you sleepy. General anesthesia. You will be asleep and not f

tin secretion from the pituitary - may also be induced by certain medications OtherDiscoloration or change in the quality of the
by a doctor.Another method is the double-blind test. This method involves giving foods and harmless substances in a disguised
try to treat the condition with analgesics before prescribing these drugs.Antimigraine drugs include the triptans- sumatriptan (

disease than female. Post-menopause women also have greater probobility than younger women. Heredity: Person with a fam

disease than female. Post-menopause women also have greater probobility than younger women. Heredity: Person with a fam
and asymptomatic STEMI patients who have a totally occluded infarct artery >24 hours after symptom onset with no evidence
ost 71 year old atrial fibrillation patients survive more than 2.2 years.
 the way you take your medications.

ever: unclear etiology Liquorice White coat hypertension: that is, elevated blood pressure in a clinical setting but not in other se
e of the heart. If there is no foramen ovale, or if it is too small, the baby could die. Patients with this problem have the hole bet
a bacterial infection you get from bite of an infected tick. The majority of Lyme disease in North America is caused by bite of bla

his procedure is called percutaneous valvuloplasty.

other issues that concern you.Lifestyle Changes:Although percutaneous coronary intervention can reduce the symptoms of coro
Asystole Pulseless electrical activity Sinoatrial arrest Other / ungrouped hexaxial reference system Right axis deviation Left axi
epidural catheter is placed in your back to give you certain medicine. You take NSAIDs or a medicine to prevent blood from clo

eat cancer such as capecitabine (Xeloda), imatinib (Gleevec), and nilotinib (Tasigna); certain medications for cholesterol such a
ecent flea bite and exposure to rodents, especially rabbits, squirrels, or prairie dogs, or scratches or bites from infected domes

e cavernous sinus where there are many nerves, potentially damaging them. Compression of the surrounding normal pituitary
passive Shows aggression to others or self Shows a strong need for sameness Uses repetitive body movements
ffect the body in many ways, including causing back muscles to become tense and painful.
at they will develop back pain. Smoking also increases the risk of osteoporosis, a condition that causes weak, porous bones, wh
may increase the risk of a rare form of cervical cancer in daughters exposed to this drug before birth. DES was given to some pr
lopment of symptoms.Most cases of Cushing’s syndrome are not inherited. Rarely, however, Cushing’s syndrome results from

20:20, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

er. The placenta is the system of blood vessels and other tissue that develops with the fetus. The placenta allows exchange of n
bnormal pattern of muscles fighting each other. The search for the gene or genes responsible for some forms of dominantly inh
ary syndrome, lack of physical activity, and a diet that is high in saturated fats.It is not known if losing weight decreases the risk
cted into your body and absorbed by the organs or tissues. This radioactive substance gives off energy which in turn is used to p
obal amnesia Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

ory is for unexplained occurrences of mental retardation)

his type of seizure is known as a psychogenic non-epileptic seizure and is related to posttraumatic stress disorder.Mild seizures
but has no ill effects) Paradoxical insomnia (the person actually sleeps a different amount than they think they do) Shift work sl
cer increases as women become older.
rized by a foul-smelling, brownish-green discharge and irritation of the labia and vaginal opening. This condition is often associ
and Other Dietary Constituents: United States, 1988–94. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, Number 245. July 2002.Research

kers through the colon is monitored by abdominal x rays taken several times 3 to 7 days after the capsule is swallowed. The pa
s a small device in capsule form that can be swallowed.The device then moves through the digestive tract and collects informa
very sick because their immune system responds by damaging the small intestine. A blood test can determine whether celiac d
ral other parts of the body, including the liver, heart, endocrine system (which produces hormones), eyes, teeth, and skin. Add
That means that 70% is lifestyle and the choices people make. George Valliant, Ph.D., and subsequent researchers have followe
ed to be a shared resource for housestaff (in preparation for morning report), medical students (in preparation for morning rou
obal amnesia Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

obal amnesia Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

by pulling up on it. Swallow your dose from the syringe directly, or mix it with the liquid you have chosen. Drink or swallow all o
y, is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer.
While nicotine gum and patches may alleviate the pharmacological aspects of withdrawal, cravings often persist. Other forms o
sia. You will be asleep and not feel any pain during the surgery.

or change in the quality of the skin:Redness suggests infection or inflammation - in the post partum patient, this is often due to
mless substances in a disguised form. The person being tested and the provider are both unaware of whether the substance te
ude the triptans- sumatriptan (Imitrex®), naratriptan (Amerge®), and zolmitriptan (Zomig®)-and are used specifically for migrai

en. Heredity: Person with a family history of cardiovascular diseases is more likely to develope to coronary artery disease than p

en. Heredity: Person with a family history of cardiovascular diseases is more likely to develope to coronary artery disease than p
nical setting but not in other settings, probably due to the anxiety some people experience during a clinic visit. Perioperative hy
this problem have the hole between their atria opened, either with surgery or using heart catheterization.
America is caused by bite of black-legged tick, or deer tick (Ixodes scapularis). Other ticks that transmit Lyme disease are the sh
n reduce the symptoms of coronary heart disease (CHD), it isn't a cure for CHD or the risk factors that led to it. Making healthy
em Right axis deviation Left axis deviation QT Short QT syndrome T T wave alternans ST Osborn wave ST elevation ST depressio
cine to prevent blood from clotting You have a history of difficult or repeated epidural or spinal punctures You have a history o

dications for cholesterol such as atorvastatin (Lipitor, in Caduet) and fluvastatin (Lescol); certain medications for digestive disor
s or bites from infected domestic cats.

e surrounding normal pituitary tissue can alter production of other hormones. These hormonal shifts can lead to changes in me
auses weak, porous bones, which can lead to painful fractures of the vertebrae. Furthermore, smoking can slow healing, prolo
birth. DES was given to some pregnant women in the United States between about 1940 and 1971. (It is no longer given to preg
shing’s syndrome results from an inherited tendency to develop tumors of one or more endocrine glands. Endocrine glands rel
placenta allows exchange of nutrients and waste products between mother and fetus.Most cases of gestational DI can be trea
some forms of dominantly inherited dystonias continues.
osing weight decreases the risk of endometrial cancer.
nergy which in turn is used to produce the images. PET can provide more helpful information than either CT or MRI scans. It is
c stress disorder.Mild seizures can be induced through a combination of quickly standing, hyperventilation and applying pressu
hey think they do) Shift work sleep disorderSLEEP-DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORS:Abnormal behaviors during sleep are called parasom
g. This condition is often associated with an overgrowth of a type of bacteria that is typically found in the stool. These bacteria
umber 245. July 2002.Research shows that although increased fluid intake does not necessarily help relieve constipation, many

e capsule is swallowed. The patient eats a high-fiber diet during the course of this test.Anorectal function tests. These tests dia
stive tract and collects information about its progress that is sent to a cell phone-sized receiver worn around your waist or neck
an determine whether celiac disease may be present.
nes), eyes, teeth, and skin. Additionally, studies suggest that Shwachman-Diamond syndrome may be associated with delayed s
quent researchers have followed Harvard freshman in the classes from 1939-1949 periodically to the present. One especially no
in preparation for morning rounds) and fellows (in preparation for conferences). Nurses and attending physicians may find it va
e chosen. Drink or swallow all of the solution. Wipe off the outside of the oral syringe with a clean tissue, and put the syringe b
ngs often persist. Other forms of nicotine replacement, such as inhalers, attempt to address some of these other issues, while b
re of whether the substance tested in that session is the harmless substance or the suspected food. A third party knows the ide
are used specifically for migraine headaches. They can have serious side effects in some people and therefore, as with all presc

coronary artery disease than people without family history. Race: African Americans are at a higher risk than other races.

coronary artery disease than people without family history. Race: African Americans are at a higher risk than other races.
ng a clinic visit. Perioperative hypertension is development of hypertension just before, during or after surgery. It may occur be
ansmit Lyme disease are the sheep tick, castor bean tick, or European castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) in the Europe, the Weste
s that led to it. Making healthy lifestyle changes can help treat CHD and maintain the good results from percutaneous coronary
punctures You have a history of problems with your spine or have had surgery on your spine.If you take rivaroxaban and receiv

medications for digestive disorders such as cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), and ranitidine (Zantac); certain medicati
moking can slow healing, prolonging pain for people who have had back injuries, back surgery, or broken bones.
71. (It is no longer given to pregnant women.)
ne glands. Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. With primary pigmented micronodular adrenal disease, ch
es of gestational DI can be treated with desmopressin. In rare cases, however, an abnormality in the thirst mechanism causes g
an either CT or MRI scans. It is useful to see if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and it is also useful for your doctor to l
ventilation and applying pressure to the sternum.
during sleep are called parasomnias and are fairly common in children.They include:Sleep terrors Sleep walking REM sleep-beh
nd in the stool. These bacteria are sometimes spread from the rectum to the vaginal area by wiping from back to front after usi
help relieve constipation, many people report some relief from their constipation if they drink fluids such as water and juice an

l function tests. These tests diagnose constipation caused by abnormal functioning of the anus or rectum—also called anorecta
worn around your waist or neck. When the capsule is passed from the body with the stool in a couple of days, you take the rece
ay be associated with delayed speech and the delayed development of motor skills such as sitting, standing, and walking.
the present. One especially notable finding was that men who had traits such as optimism and humor as freshmen were less l
ending physicians may find it valuable to share and improve upon their fund of general medical knowledge.
an tissue, and put the syringe back into its case. Close the child-resistant cap on the bottle of medication.
me of these other issues, while behavioral therapies can help smokers identify environmental triggers of withdrawal and craving
od. A third party knows the identity of the substances and identifies them with some sort of code. This test requires several se
and therefore, as with all prescription medicines, should be used only under a doctor's care.Aspirin may be the most widely us

gher risk than other races.

gher risk than other races.

r after surgery. It may occur before surgery during the induction of anesthesia; intraoperatively e.g. by pain-induced sympatheti
cinus) in the Europe, the Western black legged tick (Ixodes pacificus) in the Pacific region of North America, and the taiga tick (I
ts from percutaneous coronary intervention.Talk with your doctor about your risk factors for CHD and the lifestyle changes you
ou take rivaroxaban and receive spinal anesthesia or have a spinal puncture, your doctor should watch you closely for symptom

tidine (Zantac); certain medications for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection such as amprenavir, atazanavir (Reyataz)
icronodular adrenal disease, children or young adults develop small cortisol-producing tumors of the adrenal glands. With mul
the thirst mechanism causes gestational DI, and desmopressin should not be used.
also useful for your doctor to locate where the cancer has spread. Inform the caregiver if you had prior contrast allergy.Whole
s Sleep walking REM sleep-behavior disorder (a type of psychosis in which a person "acts out" dreams so violently that they ma
ing from back to front after using the bathroom. Sexual abuse should be considered in children with unusual infections and rec
uids such as water and juice and avoid dehydration. Liquids add fluid to the colon and bulk to stools, making bowel movements

r rectum—also called anorectal function.Anorectal manometry evaluates anal sphincter muscle function. For this test, a cathet
uple of days, you take the receiver back to the doctor, who enters the information into a computer.
humor as freshmen were less likely to develop chronic illness or die by age 45. The difference was even more pronounced at ag
gers of withdrawal and craving so they can employ strategies to prevent or circumvent these symptoms and urges.
e. This test requires several sessions if more than one substance is under investigation.While the double-blind strategy is usefu
rin may be the most widely used pain-relief agent and has been sold over the counter since 1905 as a treatment for fever, hea
e.g. by pain-induced sympathetic nervous system stimulation; in the early postanesthesia period, e.g. by pain-induced sympath
h America, and the taiga tick (Ixodes persulactus) in Europe, Central and Northern Asia, China, and Japan. Only 20% of individu
D and the lifestyle changes you'll need to make. For some people, these changes may be the only treatment needed.Lifestyle c
 watch you closely for symptoms of spinal or epidural blood clots. Tell your doctor right away if you have back pain, tingling, nu

mprenavir, atazanavir (Reyataz), efavirenz (Sustiva), etravirine (Intelence), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir/
of the adrenal glands. With multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), hormone-secreting tumors of the parathyroid glands, p
ad prior contrast allergy.Whole Bone Scan: The goal of a whole body bone scan is to show if a cancer has metastasized to your b
eams so violently that they may injure the person sleeping with them)
with unusual infections and recurrent episodes of unexplained vulvovaginitis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the organism that causes
ools, making bowel movements softer and easier to pass. People who have problems with constipation should try to drink liquid

function. For this test, a catheter or air-filled balloon is inserted into the anus and slowly pulled back through the sphincter mu
as even more pronounced at age 60.
e double-blind strategy is useful and practical for mild allergic reactions, it must be done carefully in individuals with suspected
, e.g. by pain-induced sympathetic stimulation, hypothermia, hypoxia, or hypervolemia from excessive intraoperative fluid ther
nd Japan. Only 20% of individuals infected with Lyme disease by the deer tick are aware of having had any tick bite. I. scapulari
y treatment needed.Lifestyle changes may include changing your diet, quitting smoking, doing physical activity regularly, losing
you have back pain, tingling, numbness, muscle weakness (especially in your legs and feet), loss of control of the bowels or blad

, indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir/ritonavir, nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir), saquinavir (Invirase), and tipranavir (Aptivus); c
ors of the parathyroid glands, pancreas, and pituitary develop; Cushing’s syndrome in MEN1 may be due to pituitary, ectopic, o
ncer has metastasized to your bones.
oeae, the organism that causes gonorrhea, produces gonococcal vulvovaginitis in young girls who have sexual exposure. Gonorr
y in individuals with suspected severe reactions to foods. Blood tests may be a safer first approach.Skin tests may cause very m
essive intraoperative fluid therapy; and in the 24 to 48 hours after the postoperativ period as fluid is mobilized from the extrav
g had any tick bite. I. scapularis, the primary vector of Lyme disease in Eastern North America - Source: Gross L (2006) A New V
hysical activity regularly, losing weight or maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing stress. You also should take all of your me
of control of the bowels or bladder (incontinence).

ase), and tipranavir (Aptivus); certain medications for narcolepsy such as armodafinil (Nuvigil) and modafinil (Provigil); certain m
y be due to pituitary, ectopic, or adrenal tumors.
o have sexual exposure. Gonorrhea-related vaginitis is considered a sexually transmitted illness. If lab tests confirm this diagnos
ch.Skin tests may cause very mild discomfort when the skin is pricked. Itching may occur if you have a positive reaction to the a
id is mobilized from the extravascular space. In addition, hypertension may develop perioperatively because of discontinuation
Source: Gross L (2006) A New View on Lyme Disease: Rodents Hold the Key to Annual Risk. PLoS Biol 4(6): e182. https://doi.org/
u also should take all of your medicines exactly as your doctor prescribes.
If lab tests confirm this diagnosis, young girls should be evaluated for sexual abuse.
have a positive reaction to the allergen.
vely because of discontinuation of long-term antihypertensive medication.
Biol 4(6): e182. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040182