(a) Virtual care clinic (b) Urgent care clinic

(c) Primary care clinic (d) Emergency department

Supplemental Figure 1. Process maps for rash treatment at each of the four sites. Number of
minutes required for each step are shown in parentheses.
(a) Virtual care clinic (b) Urgent care clinic

(c) Primary care clinic (d) Emergency department

Supplemental Figure 2. Process maps for conjunctivitis treatment at each of the four sites.
Number of minutes required for each step are shown in parentheses.
(a) Virtual care clinic (b) Urgent care clinic

(d) Emergency department

(c) Primary care clinic

Supplemental Figure 3. Process maps for urinary tract infection treatment at each of the four
sites. Number of minutes required for each step are shown in parentheses.
(a) Virtual care clinic (b) Urgent care clinic

(d) Emergency department

(c) Primary care clinic

Supplemental Figure 4. Process maps for migraine headache treatment at each of the four
sites. Number of minutes required for each step are shown in parentheses.
 Annual pay - Percent of Percent of daily Hourly pay -
75% workdays off hours nonclinical 75%
Virtual
Receptionist 45837 12% 0% 25.04
MA 44770 12% 10% 27.18
PA 159799 12% 10% 97
Attending MD 256566 50% 10% 274.11
Virtual - on-site UA
Receptionist 45837 12% 0% 25.04
Phlebotomist 44953 12% 10% 27.29
Lab tech 68076 12% 10% 41.32
Virtual - on-site XR
Receptionist 45837 12% 0% 25.04
Lab tech 68076 12% 10% 41.32
Radiologist 578490 50% 10% 618.04
Ortho receptionist 45837 12% 0% 25.04
Ortho technician (MA) 60584 12% 10% 36.78
Orthopedic MD 796263 50% 10% 850.71
UCC
Triage RN 97156 12% 19% 65.53
MA 44770 12% 10% 27.18
LPN 63717 12% 19% 42.98
PA 159799 12% 10% 97
Attending MD 401465 50% 10% 428.92
Scribe 43789 12% 0% 23.92
XR tech 76001 12% 10% 46.14
Radiologist (off-site) 578490 50% 10% 618.04
Primary Care
Receptionist 45837 12% 0% 25.04
MA 44770 12% 10% 27.18
Resident MD 73000 25% 5% 49.26
PCP MD 256566 50% 10% 274.11
ED
Triage RN 97156 12% 19% 65.53
Beside RN 97156 12% 19% 65.53
ESA 50699 12% 10% 30.78
Registrar 44602 12% 0% 24.37
Resident MD 73000 25% 5% 49.26
PA 159799 12% 10% 97
Attending MD 401465 50% 10% 428.92
Lab tech 68076 12% 10% 41.32
Pharmacist 167939 12% 10% 101.94
Radiologist 578490 50% 10% 618.04
XR tech 76001 12% 10% 46.14
 RASH CONJUNCTIVITIS UTI MIGRAINE ANKLE SPRAIN Personnel split
Hourly wage Mins Personnel cost Mins Personnel cost Mins Personnel cost Mins Personnel cost Mins Personnel cost
VIRTUAL PA 0.5
Receptionist $ 25.04 3 $ 1.25 3 $ 1.25 6 $ 2.50 3$ 1.25 7 $ 2.92 MD 0.5
MA $ 27.18 6 $ 2.72 6 $ 2.72 6 $ 2.72 6$ 2.72 12 $ 5.44
PA $ 97.00 7 $ 11.32 7 $ 11.32 8.5 $ 13.74 7.5$ 12.13 12.5 $ 20.21
Attending MD $ 274.11 7 $ 31.98 7 $ 31.98 8.5 $ 38.83 7.5$ 34.26 12.5 $ 57.11
UA Receptionist $ 25.04 $ - $ - 1 $ 0.42 $ - $ -
Phlebotomist $ 27.29 $ - $ - 2.5 $ 1.14 $ - $ -
UA Lab tech $ 41.32 $ - $ - 6 $ 4.13 $ - $ -
XR Receptionist $ 25.04 $ - $ - $ - $ - 2 $ 0.83
XR Lab tech $ 41.32 $ - $ - $ - $ - 5 $ 3.44
Radiologist $ 618.04 $ - $ - $ - $ - 5 $ 51.50
Ortho receptionist $ 25.04 $ - $ - $ - $ - 2 $ 0.83
Orthopedic technician $ 36.78 $ - $ - $ - $ - 10 $ 6.13
TOTAL 23 $ 47.27 TOTAL 23 $ 47.27 TOTAL 38.5 $ 63.48 TOTAL 24 $ 50.36 TOTAL 68 $ 148.42

UCC PA 0.5
Triage RN $ 65.53 5$ 5.46 5 $ 5.46 5$ 5.46 5 $ 5.46 5 $ 5.46 MD 0.5
MA $ 27.18 3$ 1.36 5.5 $ 2.49 6$ 2.72 3 $ 1.36 10 $ 4.53
LPN $ 42.98 5$ 3.58 7.5 $ 5.37 5$ 3.58 10 $ 7.16 5 $ 3.58
PA $ 97.00 12.5$ 20.21 16 $ 25.87 12.5$ 20.21 12 $ 19.40 12 $ 19.40
Attending MD $ 428.92 12.5$ 89.36 16 $ 114.38 12.5$ 89.36 12 $ 85.78 12 $ 85.78
Scribe $ 23.92 20$ 7.97 18 $ 7.18 19$ 7.57 18 $ 7.18 18 $ 7.18
XR tech $ 46.14 $ - $ - $ - $ - 5 $ 3.85
Radiologist $ 618.04 $ - $ - $ - $ - 5 $ 51.50
TOTAL 58 $ 127.94 TOTAL 68 $ 160.75 TOTAL 60 $ 128.90 TOTAL 60 $ 126.34 TOTAL 72 $ 181.28

ED Resident MD 0.5
Triage RN $ 65.53 10$ 10.92 5 $ 5.46 5$ 5.46 8$ 8.74 5 $ 5.46 PA 0.5
Beside RN $ 65.53 8$ 8.74 13 $ 14.20 38$ 41.50 15$ 16.38 8 $ 8.74
ESA $ 30.78 1$ 0.51 1 $ 0.51 1$ 0.51 1$ 0.51 8 $ 4.10
Registrar $ 24.37 10$ 4.06 10 $ 4.06 10$ 4.06 10$ 4.06 10 $ 4.06
Resident MD $ 49.26 9.75$ 8.00 9.75 $ 8.00 12.75$ 10.47 13.5$ 11.08 12 $ 9.85
PA $ 97.00 9.75$ 15.76 9.75 $ 15.76 12.75$ 20.61 13.5$ 21.83 12 $ 19.40
Attending MD $ 428.92 17.5$ 125.10 17.5 $ 125.10 16.5$ 117.95 19$ 135.82 17 $ 121.53
Lab tech $ 41.32 $ - $ - 10$ 6.89 $ - $ -
Pharmacist $ 101.94 $ - 2 $ 3.40 2$ 3.40 2 $ 3.40 $ -
Radiologist $ 618.04 $ - $ - $ - $ - 5 $ 51.50
XR tech $ 46.14 $ - $ - $ - $ - 10 $ 7.69
TOTAL 66 $ 173.10 TOTAL 68 $ 176.50 TOTAL 108 $ 210.86 TOTAL 82 $ 201.83 TOTAL 87 $ 232.34

Primary Care Resident MD 0.1

Receptionist $ 25.04 4 $ 1.67 4 $ 1.67 4 $ 1.67 4 $ 1.67 4 $ 1.67 Attending MD 0.9
MA $ 27.18 8 $ 3.62 8 $ 3.62 11 $ 4.98 8 $ 3.62 8 $ 3.62
Resident MD $ 49.26 3 $ 2.46 3 $ 2.46 3 $ 2.46 3.6 $ 2.96 3 $ 2.46
Attending MD $ 274.11 27 $ 123.35 27 $ 123.35 27 $ 123.35 32.4 $ 148.02 27 $ 123.35
TOTAL 42 $ 131.11 TOTAL 42 $ 131.11 TOTAL 45 $ 132.46 TOTAL 48 $ 156.27 TOTAL 42 $ 131.11