Unit 2:

Foundations of
Government

Glue this side

** Focus Guide **
Benchmarks: SS.7.C.1.1, SS.7.C.1.2, SS.7.C.1.3, SS.7.C.1.4

Part 1: SS.7. .C.1.1

1. How did European philosophers from the 1600’s define natural rights?
2. According to Montesquieu, the advantage to separation of powers is:

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3. In Locke’s Two Treatises of Government he argued that natural rights were are her natural produce. We need go abroad for nothing. Whereas the
inalienable. How does Locke define inalienable? Dutch, who make large profits by hiring out their ships of war to the
4. Montesquieu’s view of the separation of powers was later expressed in the Spaniards and Portuguese, are obliged to import most of the materials
United States Government through which document? they use. We ought to view the building a fleet as an article of
5. According to John Locke’s theory of government a social contract existed commerce, it being the natural manufactory of this country.”
between the people and which other entity?
16. Which document is this excerpt referring to?
6. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” In this statement by
17. In this excerpt, what is the author is referring to?
Rousseau, what did the word “chains” represent?
18. What does the word “commerce” mean in this context?
7. “There is no greater tyranny than that which is perpetrated under the
shield of law and in the name of justice” Based on Montesquieu’s quote,
Part 3: SS.7.C.1.3 and SS.7.C.1.4
what is meant by the phrase “the shield of law”?
8. The Founding Fathers most likely justified their right to a new government
19. Which significant American political document was signed July 4, 1776?
because of their violation of Natural Rights based more closely on the beliefs
20. Which British Law required certain Colonists to allow British troops to
of which philosopher?
live in their homes?
21. What is the definition of unalienable?
Part 2: SS.7.C.1.2
22. What did the Stamp Act do and why did Parliament pass the Declaratory
Act?
9. Which lasting document, written in 1215 limits the power of rulers and
was used by the colonists’ has an example of what government in America
should be based on? “For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world”
10. Which of the following was the first written self government in the -List of Grievances, excerpt from the Declaration of Independence, 1776
American colonies? 23. Which British act does the above grievance make reference to?
11. Which document was published anonymously advocating that the
colonists declare their independence from the British crown?
12. What ideas did the Magna Carta reinforce?
13. Who advocated a movement using a pamphlet, for sovereignty of the
people, establishing a written constitution and having an effective system of
governmental checks and balances?
14. What does the following quote, as written in the Magna Carta mean? “No
free man shall be taken, or imprisoned…exiled, or in any way harmed…save
by the lawful judgment of his peers [equals]”
15. The following quote, “In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed
our names at Cape Cod, the 11th of November, in the year of the reign of our
Sovereign Lord King James, of England, France and Ireland the eighteenth,
and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini 1620,” is a part of which
founding document that the colonists’ experienced during their early views
of government?

Read the following excerpt to answer questions 16-18:

“No country on the globe is so happily situated, or so internally
capable of raising a fleet as America. Tar, timber, iron, and cordage
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