Contoh Soal Larutan Asam Basa dan Pembahasan

Tentukan pH masing-masing larutan berikut.

a. HCl 0,007 M

b. HCOOH 0,05 M (Ka = 1,8 × 10−4)

c. Ca(OH)2 0,001 M

d. NH3 0,02 M (Kb = 1,8 × 10−5)

Jawab:

a. HCl termasuk asam kuat

HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl−(aq)

[H+] = 1 × [HCl]

= 0,007 M

pH = − log (0,007)

= − log (7 × 10−3)

Jadi, pH = 3 − log 7

b. HCOOH termasuk asam lemah

HCOOH(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + HCOO−(aq)

pH = − log (3 × 10−3)

Jadi, pH = 3 − log 3

c. Ca(OH)2 termasuk basa kuat

Ca(OH)2(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq)

[OH−] = 2 × [Ca(OH)2]

= 2 × 0,001 M

= 0,002 M

pOH = − log (0,002)

= − log (2 × 10−3)
= 3 – log 2

pH = 14 − pOH

= 14 – (3 – log 2)

Jadi, pH = 11 + log 2

d. NH3 termasuk basa lemah

NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH−(aq)

pOH = − log (6 × 10−4)

= 4 – log 6

pH = 14 − pOH

= 14 – (4 – log 6)

Jadi, pH = 10 + log 6

Hitunglah pH larutan :

a. Ba(OH)2 0,0005 M

b. H2SO4 0,02 M

d. Ag(OH) 0,1 M (Kb = 10-5)

e. HF 0,1 M (Ka = 8,1 x 10-4)