4/25/2023 = MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT = VAN TAI DA PHU'ONG THUC MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT Definition by United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods 1980 (MT Convention): “... the carriage of goods by at least 2 different modes of transport on the basis of a multimodal transport contract from a place in 1 country at which the goods are taken in charge by the multimodal transport operator to a place designated for delivery situated in a different country”4/25/2023 MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT Q Using at least 2 different means of transport 1 Use of 1 cargo unit Q) Organized by 1 carrier (MTO) Q) Under 1 contract Q With 1 freight document U2 Under 1 liability Q 1price ADVANTAGES OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT Minimise time loss at transhipment points Provides faster transit of goods Reduces burden of documentation & formalities Saves costs Establishes only one agency to deal with a SS hs Reduces costs of Exports4/25/2023 MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Multimodal Transport ages, with loading unit without leading unit road rail fe Multimode [Over cimensional and heavy load swap-body —_-roll-on-rolloff container | courier and parcel semitrailer “-floatin-float-off palettes i (ie.barge carrier) ee kangaroo-system sone road trailer MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT OPERATIONS Contents: 1.Different types of MT 2.Different Types Of Multimodal Transport Operators 3.Scope of Services performed by the MTO.4/25/2023 1. Different types of MT * Sea/Air . Air/road (truck) . Rail/road/inland . waterways/sea/rail/road inland waterways * Mini-bridge . * Land bridge . * Piggyback a. Sea — Air Sea/Train Rail-sea-land Inland waterway/sea/inland waterway RO-RO. Sea-rail - La su’ két hop gitfa tinh kinh té cua van tai bién va tinh téc do cia van tai hang khéng. - Sty dung réng rai cho viéc chuyén ché nhirng hang hoa co gid tri cao - Chang dau van chuyén bang dung bién, réi chuyén sang van chuyén bang may bay vao sau trong néi dia. - Trung tam chuyén tai (Sea — Air Hub) hién dai vé mat ky thuat va trinh d6 quan ly tét.4/25/2023 b. Air— Road - La sy két hgp tinh téc dé cla hang kh6ng va tinh co déng cia 6 t6 - Cach té chic: + Gom va phan phéi hang héda tai hai dau van chuyén do 6 to dam nhiém +May bay dam nhiém viéc van chuyén trén cac tuyén duong dai xuyén Thai Binh Duong, Dai Tay Duong, Au — MV... + Ap dung voi hang bach hda co gia tri cao nhu hang dién tvr, hang thdi vu, hang di gap... c. Rail — Road (Piggyback) - La su két ho’p gitra tinh an toan, strc chd Idn, toc dd nhanh cla dudng sat voi tinh co dng linh hoat cua van tai 6 to. - Ap dung khi khoang cach chuyén ché dai - Str dung dau kéo, trailer trén cdc chang van chuyén bang 6 td & hai dau gitra cdc ga dung sat. - Phé bién rong rai 6 Chau Au, chau My noi cé mang ludi dong sat xuyén quéc gia rat phat trién.4/25/2023 uw d. Rail — Road — Inland Waterway — Sea - La su’ két hop cla nhiéu phuong thtrc van tai khac nhau trong dé co str dung phurong phap dudng bién - Hang héa durgc van chuyén & 2 dau bang dung bé, thiy ndi dia tdi cang bién. - Trén chang van tai chinh hang duoc chuyén bang dudng bién - Thich hop voi cac loai hang chuyén ché bang container va khéng doi hdi g4p rut vé mat thoi gian 2B 4 e, Landbridge - Theo mé hinh nay hang héa dug van chuyén bang dudng bién vugt qua céc dai dung dén céc cang & mét luc dia nao dé, sau dé chuyén qua van chuyén trén dat lién va cudi cing van chuyén tiép bang dudng bién dén chau luc khdc. Trong cach thtrc van tai nay, chang van tai trén dat lién dugc vi nhu chiéc cau néi lién hai vung bién hay hai dai duong. = Cé tac dung rat ngén duge quang dudng, Vidu: + Landbridge gitta chau A — Au (qua chu M9) + Landbridge gitta Au — A (qua Siberia — dudng sat): gidm ti 20100 km(by sea) xuGng con 13770km +116 hang tir Han Quic— Ha Lan: Kobe - LAX: bysea LAX — NY: by rail NY Rotterdam: by sea giam thdi gian va chi phi van chuyén --Dgidm 60 ngay xudng 40 ngay To Europe LAND BRIDGE New York From Asia 4/25/20234/25/2023 f. Mini Landbridge: Hang héa durgc van chuyén tir 1 cang cla 1 nuéc dén cang nu‘éc khdc trong dé co 1 chang van tai trén dat lién & nude xuat phat. Vi du: Mot I6 hang can duc van chuyén tir cang Mumbai cua An D6 dén thanh phé Colorado cia my. Vi Colorado la vung “land locked” nén chi co thé van chuyén dung bién toi New York USA va van chuyén bang dudng sat tdi Colorado. Dong luu chuyén thu té cla hang héa tir cang Mumbai cua An D6 dén cang New York va van chuyén téi Colorado dug goi la “Mini Landbridge” 4s MINI LAND BRIDGE New York From Asia 164/25/2023 g-Microbridge *Tuong tw nhw Mini Brigde, khac & ché noi dén cudi cling khéng phai la thanh phd cang ma [a khu céng nghiép hay trung tam thong mai trong ndi dia. * Vi du: Mét Id hang tir Han Quéc muén van chuyén sang Chicago ctia My. LO hang sé duoc van chuyén bang dudng bién tv cang Busan cua Han Quéc dén cang Los Angeles cla MY va sé dug van chuyén bang duong sat toi khu céng nghiép tai Chicago. v MICRO LAND BRIDGE Chicago, From Asia19 20 h. Reverse land Bridge: No tuong ty nhu mét microbridge nhung cdng vao nam trén mot mat tién khadc so voi tuyén dung bién truc tiép nhat. Mot 16 hang van chuyén tir cdc nuéc Chau A dén Cac nudc Bac My. Nhiing 16 hang nay khéng di theo Landbridge ngan nhat la Ket ndi voi bo Tay nudc MY, thay vao do hang sé chay vao kénh dao Panama va tién cap bén cac cang bién bo Déng cilia cdc nudc Bac My. Vi du: Mét | hang tir Viet Nam xuat di Chicago , My. Thay vi di tryc tiép tty cang Cat Lat dén cang Long Beach trén bo Tay cla nuéc My va duoc van chuyén bang dudng sat vao Chicago, hang héa sé dugc van chuyén qua kénh dao Panama va cap bén tai cang Savannah clia My va tiép tuc duoc van chuyén bang duéng sat vao Chicago. chica 4/25/2023 10an 4/25/2023 REGULATIONS ON THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT * Céng uéc cla UN vé chuyén cho hang hoa bang VTDPT QT (UN Convention on the International Multimodal Transport of Goods, 1980) théng qua 1980 * QTc cla UNCTAD (Hdi nghij LHQ vé thong mai va phat trién) va ICC (Phong thuong mai QT) vé chtrng tir VTDPT (UNCTAD/ICC Rules for Multimodal Transport Documents) cé hiéu ly’c 1/1/1992. * Cac quéc gia ban hanh luat kinh doanh VTBPT ND vé kinh doanh VTDPT 125-CP cé hiéu lyre 1/1/2004 MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT OPERATOR Definition by United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods 1980 (MT Convention): “... any person who on his own behalf or through another person acting on his behalf concludes a multimodal transport contract and who acts as a principal, not as an agent or on behalf of the consignor or of the carriers participating in the multimodal transport operations, and who assumes responsibility for the performance of the contract” 1123 24 4/25/2023 MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT OPERATOR - MTO a. Dac trung + MTO 6 thé tu minh thc hién viée chuyén cho hoac cé thé thué ngudi khac dé thyrc hién mét phan hoac toan bd hop déng van tai da phuong thtrc. + Néu MTO tu minh chuyén cho hang héa thi MTO déng thoi la ngudi chuyén che thuc té (Actual Carrier, Performing Carrier). + Néu phai di thué nguéi khac chuyén cho hang héa thi MTO Ia ngui thau chuyén che (Contracting Carrier). MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT OPERATOR b. Cac loai MTO * MTO cé tau (Vessel Operating Multimodal Transport Operators - VO - MTOs) Loai nay bao gém cac chi tau bién, kinh doanh, khai thac tau bién nhung mé réng kinh doanh ca dich vy van tai da phuong thtrc turc la déng vai tro MTO. Cac chi tau nay thuéng khdng sé hitu va khai thac cdc phuong tién van tai dudng bd, dung sat, dvong hang khong ma khai ki hop déng dé thué ché trén cdc chang do. a2!25 4/25/2023 + MTO khéng cé tau (Non-Vessel Operating Multimodal Transport Operators - NVO - MTOs) Loai nay cé thé do nhirng ngui sau day cung cap dich vu: - Chu s& htru mot trong cdc phuong tién van tal khdc kh6ng phai la tau bién nhu 6 t6, may bay... nhu’ng lai cung cap dich vy van tai di suét. Tau bién va loai phuong tién van tai nao ma ho khéng cé thi phai di thué. - Nhifng ngudi kinh doanh nhitng dich vu lién quan dén van tai nhu béc dé, kho hang. - Nhitng ngu’di chuyén chd cong cong khéng cé tau - Ngudi giao nhan (Freight Forwarder) c. Scope of services performed by the mto = FCL = Booking of space = LCL = CY = Weighing and measurement = Liaison wit) Customs of cargo = CFS = Consolidation = Insurance Coverage = Return of leased container = Communication 1327 4/25/2023 d. Trach nhiém cla MTO TN cla MTO nhu’ quy dinh cia C/U’ va ban QTac > ché d6 TN théng nhat (Uniform Liability System) Néu trong 1 hanh trinh VTDPT, TN cia MTO dvra trén nhiéu ché d6 TN cia cac PTVT tham gia chuyén chd > ché d6 TN tlrng chang (Network Liability System). Ché d6 TN hién hanh cua cdc PTVT: +VT bi quy tac Hague Rules, Hague-Visby Rules va Hamburg Rules 1978. + VTHK: C/U’ Vacsava 1929 va cdc NBT stra d6i C/U’ Vecsava nam 1955, 1975; C/U Guadalajara 1961, NDT Guatemala 1971 ... +VT dung bé: C/U’ vé HB chuyén cho hang hoa bang dung bo QT CMR 1956 + VT dung sat: C/U’ QT vé VT hang hod bang dung sat CIM 1961 va C/U’ vé VT dudng sat QT COTIF 1980 d. Trach nhiém cla MTO. “ Tho han TN: C/U’ LHQ 1980 va Ban QTac UNCTAD/ICC 1992 MTO chiu TN d/véi hang hod ké tir khi nhan hang dé ché (take the goods in his charge) cho téi khi giao hang (deliver) cho ngudi nhan & noi dén. MTO coi nhu da nhan hang dé ché ké tir k! + Ngudi giti hang hoc ngudi thay mat ngudi gti hang + 1.¢q ¢6 thdm quyén hodc bén ther 3 MTO coi nhu da giao xong hang khi: + DA giao cho ng nhan + Da dat hang hod dudi sy dinh doat cia ng nhan +3 giao cho 1 cq cé thm quyén hoac 1 bén thir ba 1429 30 4/25/2023 d. Trach nhiém cia MTO Co’ so TN: (1) C/U’ 1980 vé VTBPT cilia UN: MTO chju TN d/véi tén that thiét hai cla hang ho, cham giao hang trong thoi han TN cla MTO -Chém giao hang (delay in delivery) khi hang hoa khong dug giao trong thai han thod thuan. Néu khéng thoa thuan> trong 1 t/gian hgp ly ma 1 MTO can man (a diligent MTO) cé thé giao, cd tinh @én hoan canh cua su’ viéc. 90 ngay > hang hoa da mat. (2) QT UNCTAD/ICC: MTO dug mién trach - Néu hanh trinh co duéng bin/duong thuy ndi dia, |6i hang van (do so suat, hanh vi, loi fam cla thuyén truéng, thuy thd, hoa tiéu... trong viée diéu khién va quan tri tau). - Do chay vi nguyén nhan khaéch quan d. Trach nhiém cla MTO. (3) ND125-CP VN TN: giéng ngu6n luat QT MT: + bat kha khang + do Ii cia cht: hang + do ldi déng géi, bo bi, ki ma hiéu + viéc GN xép d& do cht hang lam + 4n ti, ndi ti hodc ban chat cua hang héa + dinh céng, bé xuéng, dinh chi hodc han ché lao déng anh trinh bao gdm dung bién, dudng néi thy, MTO duc MT n hang, chay ma nguyén nhan khach quan 15aL 32 4/25/2023 d. Tréch nhigm cia MTO “* Gidihan TN (a) c/u 198 - Néu hang héa cé ké khai gid tri trén chting tir Néu hang héa khéng dugc ké khai gid tri trén ching tir : 920 SDR/Av hang héa hay 1 kién hodc 2,75 SDR/kg hang hoa ca bi - Cham giao hang: 1 khodn tién = 2,5 [an tién cud $6 hang giao cham - Néu hang hod chuyén ché = container + 6 ké khai trén chirng tir + khéng ké khai +6 container, khay hang khéng do MTO cung cdp/khéng thudc SH cla MTO - Néu hanh trinh VTBPT khéng bao gdm dung bién hay dung néi thy, GHTN s 8,33 SDR/kg hang ca bi. 2) QT UNCTAD/ICC Hang héa: 666,67 SDR/dv hang hay 1 kién hang hodc 2 SDR/kg hang ca bi - Hanh trinh khéng bao gbm dung bién, du’ing ngi thay: gidng C/U - Cham giao hang: gidng céng woe (3) NB125 CP ~ Hang hd: + Néuké khai + Néu khéng ké khai: 666,67 SDR/dvj hang héa hay 1 kién hang hodc 2 SDR/kg cd - hanh trinh bao gdm dung bién, dong néi thly: giéng nguén luat QT - Cham giao: gidng nguén luat QT 164/25/2023 e. Théng bao tén that va khiéu nai MTO 1. Théng bao tén that - Tén that r6 rét: khong muén hon 1 ngay lam viéc sau ngay giao hang. - Tén that khéng r6 rét: trong vong 6 ngay lién tuc ké tir ngay giao hang. - Cham giao: trong vong 60 ngay lién tuc e. Théng bao tén that va khiéu nai MTO 2. Khiéu nai MTO - C/U, 6 thang ké tir ngay giao hang hoac ngay dang lé hang phai dugc giao . - Quy tac UNCTAD/ICC, 9 thang ké tir ngay giao hang hoac ngay dang é hang phai duc giao. - ND125, 90 ngay ké tir ngay giao hang hodc ngay hang dang |@ phai giao 1735, 36 4/25/2023 DOCUMENTATION OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT a. Khai niém Chiing tir VTDPT CM cho 1 HD VTDPT, cho viée nhan_ hang dé cho cla MTO va cho viéc cam két cla MTO giao hang phi hop voi cdc dk, diéu khoan céa HD. VB VTOPT la bang cht¢ng CM MTO da nhan hang dé cho va cam két s€ giao hang theo dung cac diéu khoan quy dinh cua HD. DOCUMENTATION OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT b. NOi dung Mat 1 2 ‘L7én, dia chi MTO. Mat 2 2. $6 chime tir Dk chuyén chd/diéu khoan 3. Ten dia chi ngudi giri hang 4, Cude phi 5. Ten dia chi ngudi nnn hang 6. S6 ban géc cila chting tir PH 7. Théng tin vé hang hoa 8. Céc PTVT tham gia 9. Th6ng tin vé hanh trinh VTDPT 10. Ngay, noi PH ching tir VTBPT 11. MTO ki tén déng du HB chuyén cho> co's g/quyét tranh chap gitta ng cm chiéng tir va ng PH chuing tir, 18a7 38 4/25/2023 DOCUMENTATION OF MULTIMODAL c. Mét sé ching tir VTBPT win BA NSPORT * Ching ta (MULTIDOC = Multimodal transport document: MULTIDOC do Hi aah clia LHQ vé buén ban va phat trién soan thao trén co so cong uée ctia LH vé van {al da phuong thc do Cong wée cha eo hieu lye nén ching ty nay it duge st jung. + Shizna ti tien hep (GOMBIDO = Conbined transport document): COMBIDOE do BIMCO soan thao dé cho ngvai kinh doanh van tai da phuong thirg c6 tau bién si dung (VO.MTO). Ching tir nay da dugc phéng thong mai quéc té chap nhan, thong qua. + Ching tir viva ding cho van tai lién hop vira ding cho van tai duong bién (Bill of Lading for Conbined transport Shipment or port to port Shipment): LS loal chung ti do cdc hang tau phat hanh dé mé'réng kinh doanh sang cac phurong thie van fai khac néu khach hang can, + Van don FIATA (FIATA Negotiable Multimodal transpot Bil Lading — FB/L): La loai van don di suét do Lién doan quéc té cac higp hdi giao nhan soan thao dé cho cac hoi vién ca Lién doan st dung trong kinh doanh van tai a phurgng thre. Van don IATA hign dang quoc su dung rong ra. FBIL la hing ty co the iuu thong va guoc cdc ngan hang chap nhan thanh ton. FB/L o6 thé dung trong van tai duéng bién, 19