Nanomedicine and Nanomaterials

Tentative course schedule and contents:

Tentative course schedule and contents:

Date Content
September 27, 2022 Introduction and early example of polymer drug conjugates
October 4, 2022 Overview of synthetic strategies of polymer therapeutics
October 11, 2022 Characterization of Polymers
October 18, 2022 Self-assemble structure-structural requirements
October 25, 2022 Self-assemble structure -their fate in the body
November 1, 2022 “Smart” nanomaterials for gene delivery
November 8, 2022 Theranostics-Metal nanoparticles
November 15, 2022 Midterm exam
November 22, 2022 Quantum Dots for targeted cancer treatment
November 29, 2022 Hydrogels-Tissue Engineering application
December 6, 2022 Carbon based drug delivery systems
December 13, 2022 Shape Memory Polymers
December 20, 2022 Hot topics/ Student presentation
December 27, 2022 Hot topics/ Student presentation
Januarry 3, 2023 Student presentation
Course Evaluation:
Midterm exam :30%
Detail literature survey and presentation of selected topics:20 %
Project proposal as Final exam:50%

Topics for literature survey and presentation (new subject can be added based
on student number):
Student can select topics related with his/her research or they can select different
topics like
Exosome as nanoparticles and exosome like nanoparticles
CRISPR and nanoparticles used for it
Covid-19 vaccine
Etc…

Project Proposal:
Students are free to select any thought subjects or a new one that they can adopt
to discussed concept. It is expected to come up with an idea and design a system
for therapeutic purpose. Proposal template will be provided. Student has to
explain rational behind their design, how they will make it, how they will test it
and what is the expected results and pitfalls for selected treatment.
Nanomedicine… is nano in medicine!
• The medical application of nanotechnology
• The usage of nanoparticle to improve behavior of the drug
• Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases

https://etp-nanomedicine.eu/about-nanomedicine/what-is-nanomedicine/
How are they carrying drug administered into body?
Nano Drug Delivery System
Pharmacol Rev. 2012 Jul; 64(3): 505–519.
doi: 10.1124/pr.111.005363
doi:10.1080/17425247.2017.1243527.
Effect of Shape on Uptake PEGylation

Active Targeting
 What is polymer?
Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating units called Monomers
The synthetic process is Polymerization.

Polymerization
H2C CH2 CH2 CH2 Poly(ethylene)
n
Monomer Polymer
ethylene
O Polymerization
Poly(ethylene oxide)
CH2 CH2 O
n
Monomer Polymer
Ethylene oxide
 Polymers – Everywhere in Daily Life
Natural polymers

DNA Starch Cellulose

Synthetic polymers

Rubber HDPE Teflon Nylon PVC

 What makes polymers different?
q Their molecular weight is much higher than small compounds.
q They can bend and twist and get all tangled up because of polymers are very long chains.
q They move much slower than small molecules (viscosity).
Hydrodynamic
volume of
polymer
chains

solvent

Polymer molecules in solid

state just after being added A swollen gel in Solvated polymer molecules
to solvent solvent dispersed into solution
• Dipol-dipol interaction
• Hydrogen bonding
• Chain entanglement
 What makes polymers different?
q They act depend on what kinds of molecules they're made up of and how they're put
together.
pH-Sensitive monomer pH-Sensitive polymer

Temperature sensitive monomer Temperature sensitive polymer

Poly(N-Isopropyl acrylamide)
P(NIPAM)
Composition and Polymer Topologies
 Polymer Therapeutics
Targeting Moiety
Polymer Therapeutic Agent ü Peptide
Backbone ü Gene ü Aptamer
ü Chemo

Degradable Spacer
ü PH Sensitive
ü Enzyme Sensitive Diagnostic Agent
ü Radio
Solubilizer
ü PEG ü Magnetic
General Advantages of Polymeric Therapeutics ü Optical Fluorophore
ü Targetability
ü Improve water solubility
ü Slowly eliminated from the body
ü Reduced non-specific toxicity
ü Preferential accumulation in the tumor by EPR effect
Characteristics/Advantages of Polymer Therapeutics
Low Molecular weight
Polymer Therapeutics
Therapeutics
• Limited Aqueous Solubility • Improved Aqueous Solubility
ü Doxorubicin ü Increases Drug Stability
ü Reduces drug immunogenicity

Free Drug

Polymer Drug conjugates

Characteristics/Advantages of Polymer Therapeutics
Low Molecular weight
Polymer Therapeutics
Therapeutics
• Enter Target Cell by Diffusion • Enter Target Cell by Endocytosis
Characteristics/Advantages of Polymer Therapeutics
Low Molecular weight
Polymer Therapeutics
Therapeutics
• No preferential accumulation • Preferential accumulation
on the tumor/inflammatory tissue on the tumor/inflammatory tissue
Normal Tissue Tumor Tissue
ü Proper vasculature ü Hyper vasculature
ü Intact lymphatic Drainage ü Impaired lymphatic Drainage
Characteristics/Advantages of Polymer Therapeutics
Low Molecular weight
Polymer Therapeutics
Therapeutics
• Recognized by efflux system • Escape the efflux system

• Allows Prodrug Targeting • Allows selective targeting to surface

receptor and/or subcellular organelles

• Undergoes rapid elimination/ • Slowly eliminated from the body

renal clearance which leads to a longer therapeutic
effect

• Non-specific/generalized toxicity • Reduced non-specific toxicity