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Biotechnology Activity Sheet

Quarter 4 - MELC 4
Week 4
Types of Chromosomal Mutation

REGION VI - WESTERN VISAYAS

Biotechnology
Activity Sheet No. 4 - Types of Chromosomal Mutation
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 -- Western Visayas

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Introductory Message
Welcome to Biotechnology!

This Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Silay City and DepEd Regional Office VI- Western
Visayas through the Curriculum Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners to meet the standards set by the
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

This Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Biotechnology Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner.
This will be made available to the learners with the reference/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

` The Biotechnology Activity Sheet is developed to helped you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the
activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your
facilitator on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner:
Grade and Section: Date:

BIOTECHNOLOGY ACTIVITY SHEET No. 4

Types of Chromosomal Mutation

I. Learning Competency
1. Explain the different types of different types of chromosomal mutation.

II. Background Information for Learners

During mitosis and meiosis, the spindle comes out of the centrioles and
attaches to the chromosomes at the centromere during the stage called
metaphase. The next stage, anaphase, finds the sister chromatids that are
held together by the centromere pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell by
the spindle. Eventually, those sister chromatids, which are genetically
identical to each other, will end up in different cells.

Sometimes there are mistakes made when the sister chromatids get
pulled apart (or even before that during crossing over in prophase I of meiosis).
It is possible that the chromosomes will not be pulled apart correctly and that
could affect the number or amount of genes that are present on the
chromosome. Chromosome mutations can cause changes in the gene
expression of the species. This may lead to adaptations that could help or
hinder a species as they deal with natural selection.

This learning activity will help you to understand the different types of
chromosomal mutation and its affect to a living organism.

III. Activity Proper

Activity 1: Let Me Do It
Directions: Study the pictures below. Carefully read and understand the
statements that follow to help you perform the activity.

A. Deletion
 This type of mutation occurs when a part of the DNA is not duplicated or is
lost during DNA replication. The size of this region can either be a
mere nucleotide or can be large as an entire chromosome.
B. Duplication
This type of mutation occurs when an extra copy of a region (or regions) in
the DNA is produced. This duplicated region can either be located in its normal
location in the chromosome or sometimes be located in other parts of the
chromosomes or even in another chromosome. This duplication may supply
additional material that has the ability to evolve new function.
C. Inversion
During inversion, a portion in the chromosome is reversed and gets inserted
back into the chromosome. Basically, two types of inversion
exist: pericentric and paracentric.

 During the pericentric inversion, the inversion encompasses

the centromere of the chromosome.
 On the other hand, during the paracentric inversion, it only involves
either the short or long arm of the chromosome and the inversion point
does not include the centromere.
D. Translocation
Translocation happens when a fragmented chromosome tends to join with
a nonhomologous chromosome. This newly-formed segment then detaches
from the chromosome and moves to a new position on another
chromosome.

Applying the ideas from the information above, perform the activity below.
Directions: On the left, the numbered rectangle represents a
chromosome. Each of the numbers are meant to represent
several bands on a chromosome. Your goal is to perform a
mutation to each of your numbered chromosomes. The
translocation will require two different chromosomes (circle
and rectangle). One rule is each mutated chromosome must
start with number one and end with number six.

Example:
Deletion
1 2 4 5 6

A. Duplication

B. Inversion

C. Translocation
Activity 2: An Interesting Hypothesis
Direction: Could a chromosomal mutation ever be beneficial? After all, it is
such a huge change. If you have access to the internet open the link to learn
how one such mutation may have contributed to human evolution and
complete the statement below.

https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/evol07.sci.life.evo.gencon
nect/human-chromosome-2/

After watching the video, I understand that it

IV. Reflection
Complete the statement below.
Learning the types of chromosomal mutation helps me to

V. Links and/or Other References

Google. “encyclopedia.com” Accessed April 3, 2021

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-
genetics/genetics-and-genetic-engineering/chromosome-mutation
Google. “pbslearningmedia.org” Accessed April 3, 2021
https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/evol07.sci.life.evo.genconnect/human-
chromosome-2/
Google. “texasgateway.org” Accessed April 4, 2021
https://www.texasgateway.org/resource/genetic-mutations
Google. “thoughtco.com ” Accessed April 4, 2021
https://www.thoughtco.com/types-of-chromosome-mutations-1224525
Google. “bioexplorer.net” Accessed April 4, 2021
https://www.bioexplorer.net/chromosomal-mutations.html/
Google. “ca01001129.schoolwires.net” Accessed April 4, 2021
https://ca01001129.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/CA01001129/Centricity/Domain/908/
mutation%20activity%20key.pdf