THE COMPUTER AND ITS PARTS

Input, Output, and Storage Devices

COMPUTER

It is an electronic data processing

device, which accepts and stores data
input, processes the data input, and
generates the output in a required
format.
FUNCTIONALITIES OF A COMPUTER

Input Process Output

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

Takes data as Stores the Processes the Generates the Controls all the
input. data/instructions data and output. above four
in its memory converts it into steps.
and uses them useful
as required. information.
I-P-O-S

Input devices are any hardware device that

sends data to a computer, allowing you to
interact with and control the computer.
Process refers to a set of instructions currently
being processed by the computer processor.
Output devices are any peripheral that receives
data from a computer, usually for display,
projection, or physical reproduction.
Storage is any hardware capable of holding
information either temporarily or permanently.
INPUT DEVICES
Lecture 02: The Computer and its Parts
INPUT DEVICES

▪ Keyboard ▪ Steering Wheel ▪ MICR Recognition

▪ Mouse ▪ Microsoft Kinect ▪ OMR
▪ Audio Conversion Devices ▪ Touchscreens ▪ Stylus or Pen
▪ Barcode Reader ▪ Graphics Tablets ▪ Punch Card Reader
▪ Biometrics ▪ Light Gun ▪ Remote
▪ Business Card Reader ▪ Light Pen ▪ Scanner
▪ Digital Cameras ▪ Magnetic Card Reader ▪ VR Helmet and Gloves
▪ Gamepad ▪ Microphone ▪ Webcam
▪ Paddle ▪ MIDI Keyboard ▪ Yoke
KEYBOARD

It is one of the primary input devices used

with a computer that looks similar to those
found on electric typewriters, but with some
additional keys. Keyboards allow you to input
letters, numbers, and other symbols into a
computer that can serve as commands or be
used to type text.
KEYBOARD INTERFACE

Today, most desktop computer keyboards connect to the computer

using either USB or Bluetooth for wireless communication.
Before USB, a computer may have used PS/2 or AT (Din5) as a
keyboard interface.
KEYBOARD QUESTIONS

How many keys are there in a standard keyboard? How many symbols are on a keyboard?
- 104 keys - On an English QWERTY keyboard there are 40
symbols on 28 keys
How many function keys are on a keyboard?
How many arrow keys are on a keyboard?
- 12 for PC, 19 for Apple
- 4; 8 if it has numeric keypad
How many keys are on the numeric keypad?
How many rows of keys are there on a keyboard?
- 17 keys on PC, 18 keys on most Apple keyboards
- there are six rows, three of those have the
How many number keys are on a keyboard? alphabetic letters
- 10 (0-9), if it has numeric keypad, 20
How many alphabetic keys are on a keyboard?
- 26
MOUSE

It is a handheld hardware input device that

controls a cursor in a graphical user interface
(GUI) and can move and select text, icons,
files, and folders. For desktop computers,
the mouse is placed on a flat surface such as
a mouse pad or a desk and is placed in front
of your computer.
FUNCTIONS OF MOUSE

1. Move the mouse cursor - The primary function is to move the mouse cursor on the
screen.
2. Open or execute a program - Once you've moved the cursor to an icon, folder, or
other object clicking or double clicking that object opens the document or executes
the program.
3. Select - A mouse also allows you to select text or a file or highlight and select multiple
files at once.
4. Drag-and-drop - Once something is selected it can also be moved using the drag-
and-drop method.
5. Hover - Moving the mouse cursor over objects with additional hover information can
help discover the function of each object on the screen. For example, hover the
mouse over the hover link to see an example.
6. Scroll - When working with a long document or viewing a long web page you may
need to scroll up or down which can be done using the mouse wheel or clicking and
dragging the scroll bar.
TOUCHSCREENS

 is a display device that allows the user to

interact with a computer by using their finger
 quite useful as an alternative to a mouse or
keyboard for navigating a graphical user
interface (GUI)
 are used on a variety of devices such as
computer and laptop monitors, smartphones,
tablets, cash registers, and information kiosks.
GRAPHICS TABLET

 Alternatively referred to as a drawing tablet

and pen tablet
 is a hardware input device that enables an
artist to draw or sketch digitally using a pen
or stylus.
 They are helpful because they provide a more
natural and precise feel than a standard
computer mouse.
MICROPHONE

 Sometimes abbreviated as mic

 is a hardware peripheral originally invented by Emile Berliner in 1877 that allows
computer users to input audio into their computers.
STYLUS OR PEN

 a stylus is a pen-shaped instrument used with graphics

tablets or devices that utilize touchscreen input
 used to write or draw on a screen, similar to how you would
on a sheet of paper
 Unlike a pen, styluses have a plastic or felt tip depending on
the its purpose and functionality.
SCANNER

 a scanner may be used to convert a printed

picture, drawing, or document (hard copy)
into a digital file which can be edited on a
computer.
 The scanner as we know it today was created
in 1957 by a man named Russell Kirsch at the
United States National Bureau of Standards.
 The first image scanned by this device was a
picture of Kirsch's son. This black and white
image measured only 5x5 cm and had a
resolution of 176 pixels on each side.
WEBCAM

 is a hardware camera and input device that connects to a computer and

the Internet and captures either still pictures or motion video of a user or
other object.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Lecture 02: The Computer and its Parts
OUTPUT DEVICES
▪ Monitor
▪ Printer
▪ Speakers
▪ Headphones
▪ Voice output communication aid
▪ Automotive navigation system
▪ Braille Embosser
▪ Display
▪ Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
▪ Projector
MONITOR

 alternatively referred to as a video display

terminal (VDT) and video display unit (VDU)
 an output device that displays video images
and text
 made up of circuitry, a screen, a power supply,
buttons to adjust screen settings, and casing
that holds all of these components.
 Types of monitor
- Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
- Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
- Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)
PROGRESSIVE VS INTERLACED

 You may have seen the screen resolution described

as something like 720p or 1080i. What does that
mean?
 A "p" stands for progressive , and an "i" stands for
interlaced.
 In Interlaced scanning alternating sets of lines are
displayed. First even numbered lines are displayed
and then odd numbered lines are displayed. Each
even set of lines are displayed for 1/60th of a
second and then the odd lines are displayed for
1/60th of a second in case of 60 Hz refresh rate.
Because each field happens so quickly, we are given
the illusion of a whole image.
 Progressive scanning captures entire image per
frame. It results in a clearer image and handles
movement differently. It does not have artifacts
which are present in interlaced scanning.
720P? 1080P? 4K?

 These are all video resolutions.

 The raw numbers shown indicates the amount
of vertical columns featuring pixels.
 352 x 240 (240p) (SD) (VCD Players)
 480 x 360 (360p)
 858 x 480 (480p)
 1280 x 720 (720p) (HD) (Some HDTVs)
 1920 x 1080 (1080p) (HD) (Blu-Ray Players,
HDTV)
 3860 x 2160 (2160p) (Ultra-HD) (4K Players /
Televisions)
WHAT IS THE ASPECT RATIO?

 indicates how wide the picture was in relation to its height

 4:3 aspect ratio resolutions: 640×480, 800×600, 960×720,
1024×768, 1280×960, 1400×1050, 1440×1080 ,1600×1200,
1856×1392, 1920×1440, and 2048×1536.
 16:10 aspect ratio resolutions: - 1280×800, 1440×900, 1680×1050,
1920×1200 and 2560×1600.
 16:9 aspect ratio resolutions: 1024×576, 1152×648, 1280×720,
1366×768, 1600×900, 1920×1080, 2560×1440 and 3840×2160.
TYPES OF MONITOR
CONNECTIONS
 Computer monitors have at least one of the
following types of connections to connect to a
computer.
 DVI
 HDMI
 VGA
 Video adapters are available to convert from one
type of connector to another, such as DVI to VGA or
HDMI to VGA, and vice versa.
PRINTER

 is an external hardware output device that takes

the electronic data stored on a computer or
other device and generates a hard copy of it.
 Types of printer
- Dot matrix printer
- Inkjet printer
- Laser printer
- 3D printer
- All-in-one (AIO) printer
- LED printer
- Plotter
- Thermal printer
SPEAKERS

 is a hardware device that connects to a

computer to generate sound. The signal used
to produce the sound that comes from a
computer speaker is created by the computer's
sound card.
 Types of speaker
- Dynamic
- Subwoofer
- Horn
- Electrostatic
- Planar-Magnetic
HEADPHONES

 are a hardware output device that either plug

into your computer line out or your speakers
to privately listen to audio without
disturbing others.
EARPHONES

 are very small headphones that are fitted directly in

the outer ear, facing but not inserted in the ear
canal.
 Earphones are portable and convenient, but many
people consider them to be uncomfortable.
PROJECTOR

 is an optical device that projects an image (or

moving images) onto a surface, commonly a
projection screen.
 Most create an image by shining a light
through a small transparent lens, but some
newer types of projectors can project the
image directly, by using lasers.
 Types of Projectors
1. Portable Projectors
2. Installation Projectors
3. Short Throw/Ultra Short Throw Projectors
4. Large Venue Projectors
5. Home Cinema Projectors
STORAGE DEVICES
Lecture 02: The Computer and its Parts
STORAGE DEVICES

 Primary Storage
 The primary storage is basically the memory in-built in
the computer itself

 Secondary Storage
 These storage devices are external to the basic built in
of the computer processor and are used to build more
space for storage.

 Offline Storage
 It is not directly connected to the computer and is used
as a transfer medium only. Offline devices are remotely
located and accessed as per need only.
 Subset of secondary storage
CLASSIFICATION OF STORAGE DEVICES

Magnetic Optical storage Flash memory

Online and cloud Paper storage
Storage Devices devices devices
• Floppy diskette • Blu-ray disc • Jump drive or • Cloud storage • OMR
• Hard drive • CD-ROM disc flash drive • Network media • Punch card
• Magnetic strip • CD-R and CD- • Memory card
• SuperDisk RW disc • Memory stick
• Tape cassette • DVD-R, DVD+R, • SSD
• Zip diskette DVD-RW, and
DVD+RW disc
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

is a hardware device that

Alternatively referred to as
allows information to be
main memory, primary
stored and retrieved on a
memory, or system memory,
computer.

Because information is is a volatile memory and

accessed randomly instead of requires power to keep the
sequentially like it is on a CD or data accessible. If the
hard drive, the computer can computer is turned off, all
access the data much faster. data contained in RAM is lost.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM)

 is a storage medium that is used with computers and

other electronic devices
 data stored in ROM may only be read
 It is either modified with extreme difficulty or not at
all.
HARD DISK DRIVE

 sometimes abbreviated as Hard drive, HD, or HDD

 is a non-volatile memory hardware device that
permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer.
 consists of one or more platters to which data is
written using a magnetic head, all inside of an air-
sealed casing.
SSD

 Short for Solid-State Drive or Solid-State

Disk,
 is a drive that uses non-volatile memory as
a means of storing and accessing data,
much like computer RAM.
 Unlike a hard drive, an SSD has no moving
parts, which gives it advantages such as
accessing stored information faster,
noiseless operation, higher reliability, and
lower power consumption.
FLASH TECHNOLOGY

 Flash memory was invented by Fujio Masuoka

while working for Toshiba circa 1980.
 According to Toshiba, the name "flash" was
suggested by Masuoka's colleague, Shōji Ariizumi,
because the erasure process of the memory
contents reminded him of the flash of a camera.
 Jump drive alternatively referred to as a USB flash
drive, data stick, pen drive, memory unit, key
chain drive and thumb drive. It is a portable
storage device.
 It is often the size of a human thumb (hence the
name), and it connects to a computer via a USB
port.
 Flash drives are an easy way to store and transfer
information.
FLASH MEMORY CARDS

 a type of storage media that is often used to

store photos, videos, or other data in
electronic devices.
 Devices that commonly use a memory card
include digital cameras, digital camcorders,
handheld computers, MP3 players, PDAs, cell
phones, game consoles, and printers.
CLOUD COMPUTING
 Cloud computing is a term used to describe services provided over
a network by a collection of remote servers.
 This abstract "cloud" of computers provides massive, distributed
storage and processing power, which can be accessed by any
Internet-connected device running a web browser.
 Google Docs - A fantastic free solution from Google that allows you
to open Microsoft Office documents as well as share them with
other users with Internet access.
 Microsoft OneDrive - Formerly known as SkyDrive, OneDrive is an
online storage service for Windows 8 and Windows 10 users to store
Windows related files, Office documents, and other files.
 Online backup - There are dozens of online backup services to store
your important information offsite in the cloud. For example, Mozy
and Dropbox are two good examples of cloud storage and online
storage backup solutions that store information in the cloud.