03/03/2021

OTOLARYNGEAL
PHARMACOLOGY
D I AN N O V I T A

ALLERGIC RHINITIS

• Allergic rhinitis involves inflammation of the nasal mucous

membrane.
• In a sensitized individual, allergic rhinitis occurs when
inhaled allergenic materials contact mucous
membranes and elicit a specific response mediated by
immunoglobulin E (IgE). This acute response involves the
release of inflammatory mediators and is characterized
by sneezing, nasal itching, and watery rhinorrhea, often
associated with nasal congestion. Itching of the throat,
eyes, and ears frequently accompanies allergic rhinitis.
• Allergic rhinitis may be regarded as seasonal allergic
rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, or perennial
allergic rhinitis (increasingly called intermittent and
persistent).

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PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC OPTIONS
FOR ALLERGIC RHINITIS

MEDICATION : AH & DECONGESTANT

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NASAL STEROID

OTHER CONDITION

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ACUTE RHINITIS

• Find the cause → infection/ allergic? Tx → infections

cause
• Symptomatic therapy :
• Oral : ephedrine/ phenylephrine
• Spray : Decongestant nasal drops or sprays
(ephedrine or xylometazoline), Saline nasal
irrigation/douche (NaCl 1%)

RHINOSINUSITIS

• Oral : antibiotics (consider the cause)

• Topical : Antihistamine intranasal, Decongestant
nasal drops or sprays (ephedrine or xylometazoline),
Saline nasal irrigation/douche (NaCl 1%)

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EPISTAXIS

• Petroleum Jelly
• Lignocaine & phenylephrine nasal spray
• Oxymetazoline 0.025% nasal drops

OTITIS EXTERNA

• Acetic acid 2% in alcohol ear drops

• Steroid ear drops (hydrocortisone or
dexamethasone)
• Antibiotic ear drops (quinolones or nonquinolone,
such as aminoglycoside, polymixin B) → consider
the cause of infection

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OTITIS MEDIA

• Oral : Antibiotics (consider the cause), paracetamol

(only for pain relief)
• Topical : Lignocaine 1% ear drops

THANK YOU