CHAPTER FIVE

GENERAL DISCUSSION

This chapter indicates the summary findings of the study. It also thematically discusses
the results, offering possible explanation to results and authenticating or corroborating of results
with findings from previously conducted similar studies as well as from perspectives coming
from experts in the field.

5.1 Summary of Results (THESE ARE THE DIRECT ANSWERS TO YOUR RESEARCH
QUESTIONS BASED ON YOUR FINDINGS IN CHAPTER 4)
The following are the study’s summary of results as related to respondents’ level of
agreement with statements related to employee knowledge and employee perceived challenges
impact the readiness toward adoption of E-government system:

5.2.1 The level of employee knowledge about adoption of E-government system in Cambodia
quantitatively set at 3.96 which suggest that respondents are of the perception that their
knowledge of e-government system is of an agreeable level.

5.2.2 Respondents “neutral” (3.09) that the employee’s perceived challenges towards the
adoption of E-government system in Cambodia seems to be neutral which the policy and enough
data have not a significance effect in adopting E-government system. They definitely neutralize
(3.34) that the government does not have enough financial resource to implement E-government
services they have the highest; and that the government does not have skilled Information
Technology people to implement E-government services (2.59) is the one they have the least.

5.2.3 Majority of the respondents “agree” (3.98) that the public and government employees’
knowledge, skills and abilities to utilize E-government system have the essential on the level of
readiness for the adoption. They precisely agree (4.13) that the government is ready to adopt E-
government system they have the largest; and that public has enough knowledge, skills and
abilities to use e-government system (3.76) is the one they have a smallest amount.

5.2.4 At 0.374 Pearson Correlation Coefficient result, alternative hypothesis is accepted. Which
means, there is a low positive relation between the level of employee knowledge and the level of
employee readiness on the adoption of E-government system in Cambodia.
5.2.5 At -0.227 Pearson Correlation Coefficient result, alternative hypothesis is accepted. Which
means, there is a negligible negative relation between the level of employee perceived challenges
and the level of employee readiness on the adoption of E-government system in Cambodia.

5.3 Thematic Discussion

Research findings will be discussed based on key themes of the study.

5.3.1 Employees’ knowledge towards adoption of E-government system

The first theme tackles respondents’ perceived knowledge on how E-government system will be
useful for their work and allow the public to access to the government’s services more quickly.

Findings 3.96 highlights how respondents agree that E-government system have the necessary
for the public to access the government’s services and increases their productivity in an effective
way. They specifically agree (4.18) that government e-portal allow the public to access the
government’s services more quickly they have the most; and that government e-portal allows the
public to access more of the government’s services increases their productivity (3.76) is one they
have a smaller amount. In the modern society, the adoption of the E-government system is
known to encourage higher levels of productivity and effectiveness in government tasks, to
improve processes and procedures, to improve the quality of public services, to improve the use
of information in decision-making processes, and to promote better communication between
various governmental offices. According to new research states that Electronic government (E-
government) is the integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to
government practices and processes with the intention of boosting efficiency, transparency, and
public participation. (E-Government Program, 2010).
This finding is supported by Vinod Kumar et al., (2007) who stated that the ultimate goal of E-
government programs should be the frequent and recurrent use by customers of online services
not only to obtain information, but also to interact and transact with the government. The model
of study is based on the belief that the adoption of E-government is largely influenced by the
degree to which the government can provide a reliable, engaging, and hassle-free experience that
can provide higher levels of satisfaction.

5.3.2 Employees’ perceived challenges towards adoption of E-government system

The theme deals with respondents’ perceived level on the challenges while they are working at
the government towards the implementation of E-government system.

Findings 3.09 emphasizes how respondents seem to be neutral on the challenges which the
policy and enough data have not a significance effect towards adoption of E-government system.
They definitely neutralize (3.34) that the government does not have enough financial resource to
implement E-government services they have the most and that the government does not have
skilled Information Technology (I.T) people to implement E-government services (2.59) is the
one they have the least. Based on the finding, it shows that the government employees are not
give much concern and they are not willing to talk about the challenges towards adoption of E-
government system. In other case, they may think that the government e-portal has less web-
based data reliability. The introduction of E-government has several concerns and possible
effects, including impacts on economic, social, and political factors, vulnerability to cyber-
attacks, and disruptions to the organization's status quo.
In a research by Alshehri and Drew (2010), they found that there are various phases of the
implementation of E-government, benefits and obstacles to the effective implementation of the
E-government scheme. It is clear that E-government requires several phases or stages of growth
and all sectors of government, citizens and business have many advantages. The introduction of
E-government, however, is not an easy task, facing many obstacles and barriers that need to be
handled very carefully.
This finding is further corroborated by Chen et al. (2006) who found that there are some key
enablers for the development of E-government services which include: strategic alignment and
focus, integration of data and systems, and policies on security and privacy.

5.3.3 Employees’ readiness towards adoption of E-government system

The theme tackles with respondents’ perceived level on the readiness both the internal and
external knowledge, skills and abilities to utilize E-government system.

Findings 3.98 illustrates how majority of respondents agree that the public and government
employees’ knowledge, skills and abilities to make use of E-government system have the
essential on the level of readiness for the adoption. They precisely agree (4.13) that the
government is ready to adopt E-government system they have the largest; and that public has
enough knowledge, skills and abilities to use E-government system (3.76) is the one they have a
smallest amount. It is true that in order to implement E-government system in one entity, there
need to be aware of how the internal and external environment can utilize it. By these results, it
shows that the government is ready to adopt E-government system.

In research from Alghamdi et al. (2011) stated that there are seven dimensions of ICT readiness
evaluation for government entities are included in the proposed E-government framework which
include: E-government strategy, user access, E-government program, ICT design, business
process and information systems, ICT infrastructure, and human resources.
This finding is opposite to the finding of Davison et al., (2005) who stated that most people who
come to access E-government services are inadequately qualified, less conscious of the
functioning of the process, and generally less involved. These are the obstacles to E-government
adoption services.

5.3.4 Significant relationship between level of employee knowledge and the level of employee
readiness on the adoption of E-government system
This theme holds the significant relationship between level of employee knowledge and the level
of employee readiness on the adoption of E-government system.

Findings indicate that there is low positive relationship between level of employee knowledge
and the level of employee readiness on the adoption of E-government system.

Positive correlation specifies that the two variables being correlated tend to move in tandem,
meaning that when one moves up, the other will typically move up as well. As imposed on the
variable correlated, it means that when the level of employee knowledge moves up, then the
level of readiness of government employees towards adoption of E-government system goes high
as well. It is to be distinguished however that the correlation between the level of employee
knowledge and the level of readiness of government employees towards adoption of E-
government system is only low positive which means that such correlation may not always be
consistent.

The above findings partly corroborate with that study of Andrew, A. (2017) where he revealed
that the employee knowledge was significantly and positively correlated with employee
readiness for organizational change.
Findings is further supported by the findings of Al-Busaidy (2009) where he pointed out that
there are factors such as accessibility, efficiency, availability, security and privacy have been
described as important knowledge towards adopting E-government services. It has been noted
that there is a direct correlation between the trust of users and the high quality and usability of E-
government services.

5.3.5 Significant relationship between level of employee perceived challenges and the level of
employee readiness on the adoption of E-government system
This theme holds the significant relationship between level of employee perceived challenges
and the level of employee readiness on the adoption of E-government system.

Findings indicate that there is negligible negative relationship between level of employee
perceived challenges and the level of employee readiness on the adoption of E-government
system.

Negative or inverse correlation specifies that two variables tend to move in opposite size and
direction from one another, meaning that when one increases the other variable decreases, and
vice-versa. As imposed on the variable correlated, it means that when the level of employee
perceived challenges moves up, then the level of readiness of government employees towards
adoption of E-government system goes down.

By these determinations, it is enough to say that the correlation between the level of employee
perceived challenges and the level of readiness of government employees towards adoption of E-
government system is only negligible negative which means that such correlation may not
always be consistent.

The above findings partly corroborate with that study of Nisar, Waqas, & Zhang, (2021) where
they revealed that one of the most important problems for the adoption of E-government services
in Pakistan is a clear and accurate assessment of the elements that have a substantial impact on
public sector employees. The level of acceptance of new services or technologies would be
unpredictable without appropriate awareness about these issues.

Findings is further supported by the findings of Khanh, N. T. V. (2014) stated that in order to
facilitate the shift, the factors and key challenges influencing E-government adoption in Vietnam
are surrounded by technological, governing, and societal issues that must be properly evaluated
and addressed from a managerial perspective.

5.4 Chapter Summary

The chapter discussed the major findings of the study. Possible clarifications for the key
findings were offered with validation and comparison of findings with previous studies as cited
in the literature review was carried out. These will be the basis of supposing implications and
drawing recommendation in chapter 6.