Report Work of Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM)

By
Minha Fazal
1426
To
Dr. Qaisar Abbas

Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELORS OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

BS 6th (Replica)

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

GC UNIVERSITY, FAISALABAD.

June, 12 2023

Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM)

Introduction:
Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) is a widely used non-verbal intelligence test developed by
John C. Raven in the mid-20th century. It is designed to assess an individual's abstract reasoning
ability, often referred to as fluid intelligence, which involves the capacity to identify patterns,
solve problems, and make logical connections without relying on prior knowledge or learned
information.
The SPM test consists of a series of visual pattern completion questions. Each question presents
a matrix with a missing element, and the task is to choose the correct option from a set of choices
to complete the pattern. The difficulty level of the questions increases progressively, with more
complex patterns and more challenging rules governing the patterns.
The test is considered culture-fair because it relies solely on visual patterns and does not require
language or specific cultural knowledge. It aims to measure the general cognitive ability that is
independent of educational background or cultural exposure.
The SPM test is widely used in educational, clinical, and research settings to assess cognitive
abilities and identify intellectual potential in individuals across different age groups, ranging
from children to adults. It provides a standardized measure of fluid intelligence and is often used
in conjunction with other cognitive assessments to gain a comprehensive understanding of an
individual's intellectual abilities.
Overall, the Standard Progressive Matrices test provides a valuable tool for assessing abstract
reasoning skills and is widely recognized for its ability to measure fluid intelligence in a fair and
unbiased manner.

History:
The tests were originally developed by John C. Raven in 1936 In each test item, the subject is
asked to identify the missing element that completes a pattern.
Raven first published his Progressive Matrices in the United Kingdom in 1938. His three sons
established Scotland-based test publisher J C Raven Ltd. in 1972. In 2004, Harcourt Assessment,
Inc. a division of Harcourt Education, acquired J C Raven Ltd. Harcourt was later acquired by
Pearson PLC.

Versions:
The Matrices are available in three different forms for participants of different ability:
· Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM): These were the original form of the matrices,
first published in 1938. The booklet comprises five sets (A to E) of 12 items each (e.g.,
A1 through A12), with items within a set becoming increasingly complex, requiring ever
greater cognitive capacity to encode and analyze information. All items are presented in
black ink on a white background.
· Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM): Designed for children aged 5 through 11
years-of-age, the elderly, and mentally and physically impaired individuals. This test
 contains sets A and B from the standard matrices, with a further set of 12 items inserted
between the two, as set Ab. Most items are presented on a colored background to make
the test visually stimulating for participants. However, the last few items in set B are
presented as black-on-white; in this way, if a subject exceeds the tester's expectations,
transition to sets C, D, and E of the standard matrices is eased.
· Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM): The advanced form of the matrices contains
48 items, presented as one set of 12 (set I) and another of 36 (set II). Items are again
presented in black ink on a white background, and become increasingly complex as
progress is made through each set. These items are appropriate for adults and adolescents
of above-average intelligence.
Purpose:
The purpose of the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) test is to assess an individual's abstract
reasoning ability, often referred to as fluid intelligence. Fluid intelligence involves the capacity
to identify patterns, solve problems, and make logical connections without relying on prior
knowledge or learned information.
The SPM test aims to provide a measure of an individual's general cognitive ability that is
independent of specific cultural or educational backgrounds. By utilizing visual pattern
completion tasks, the SPM minimizes the influence of language skills and cultural knowledge on
intelligence measurement. This makes it particularly useful for assessing individuals from
diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
The SPM test is commonly used in various contexts, including:
1. Education: The SPM test helps educators identify students' intellectual strengths and
weaknesses, which can inform instructional strategies and academic placement. It can also be
used to identify gifted and talented students who may benefit from advanced educational
programs.
2. Clinical Psychology: The SPM test is used in clinical settings to assess cognitive abilities and
identify potential cognitive impairments or intellectual disabilities. It can aid in the diagnosis and
treatment planning for individuals with neurological or developmental disorders.
3. Research: The SPM test is widely used in psychological and educational research to
investigate the relationship between fluid intelligence and various factors such as cognitive
development, academic achievement, and cognitive aging. It provides a standardized measure
that allows for comparisons across different populations and studies.
4. Occupational Assessment: Some organizations and employers use the SPM test as part of
their selection process to evaluate candidates' problem-solving and abstract reasoning skills,
which are relevant to many professional roles.
Overall, the SPM test serves as a valuable tool for assessing abstract reasoning skills and
measuring fluid intelligence. It provides a standardized and culture-fair measure that can be used
in diverse settings to gain insights into an individual's cognitive abilities.

Test Material:
· Cards of SPM
· Lead Pencil
 · Eraser
· Sharpener
· Comfortable table and chair
· Suitable environment one of one sitting
· Sitting arrangement
· Stop watch
 Client or therapist

Administration:
The Raven’s Progressive Matrices is administered as a nonverbal group test. It is typically a
60-item test used in measuring abstract reasoning and regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence. Many patterns are presented in the form of a 6×6, 4×4, 3×3, or 2×2 matrix, giving
the test its name. All the questions on the Raven’s progressives consist of visual geometric
design with a missing piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to pick from before
filling in the missing piece.

Instructions:
‫یہاں پر کچھ ڈیزائن بنے ہوئے ہیں اس کا کچھ حصہ نامکمل ہے‬
‫ ہوئے مناسب ڈیزائن کو منتخب کریں۔‬e‫نیچے دیے‬

Scoring:
The SPM is typically administered under standardized conditions by a qualified examiner. The
test taker responds by selecting the appropriate option or marking the answer on a separate
answer sheet. Scoring is based on the number of correct responses, which is then compared to
normative data to determine the individual's relative cognitive ability in comparison to a larger
population.

Protocol
Scoring form
Scoring forms
Subject 1
On next page

Interpretation of client:
On SPM standard matrices, a test of abstract reasoning (which is one aspect of intelligence), Mrs.
Samreen Safdar raw score is 37 and the discrepancy between raw score and expected score is
less than 3 which is zero which indicates test is valid‫۔‬
Mrs. Samreen Safdar percentile rank score fall within table 5 if 25% percentile which reports
the client intellectual capacities are in the range of "intellectually average in intellectual
capacity".