INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Ubtan

Ubtan also referred to as Angrāg, is a herbal Cosmetic formulation,

being used traditionally in India and other Asian countries. It is a
Semisolid preparation made up of powdered Drugs used to remove the
dirt particles from the Skin and enhances the luster of the body. It is
One of the vital components of Solah Shringar And has great
importance in Unani medicine .Ubtan is generally prepared by mixing
Haldi(Curcuma longa) and Chana (Cicer arietinum)With other
ingredients in rational quantity. Scientific evidences suggested that
Curcuma Longa present in Ubtan enhances the skin colour. It is used as
cleanser, refresher and skin tonic in The local communities of India and
neighbouring Countries. It is also believed that it lightens the
Complexion of the skin and make the baby more Beautiful .Everybody
wants to get a fair and charming skin. Now a day, acne, black heads,
pimples are common among persons who suffer From it. According to
Ayurveda, skin problems are normally due to impurity in blood. Herbal
face packs are used to simulate Blood circulation, rejuvenate the
muscles and help to maintain the elasticity of the skin and remove dirt
from skin pores. The Advantage of herbal cosmetics is their non toxic
nature, reduce the allergic reactions and time tested usefulness of many
Ingredients. Thus in the present work, an attempt has been made in
formulating an ideal face pack suitable for all skin types.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Review of literature:-

1.Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research by

Nazim Husain et.al.

Reviewed that Ubtan also referred to as Angrāg, is a herbal Cosmetic

formulation, being used traditionally in India and other Asian
countries. It is a Semisolid preparation made up of powdered Drugs
used to remove the dirt particles from the Skin and enhances the luster
of the body. It is One of the vital components of Solah Shringar And
has great importance in Unani medicine.

2.UBTAN-Gift from Ayurveda and Nature by Divya jain et.al.

Reviewed that In the olden days, cosmetic treatments and beauty

parlours were not available. As a result, Indians developed their own
natural beauty secrets to ensure that a couple looked radiant and
Wonderful on their wedding day. Turmeric (Haldi) stands out as the
most easily available home Ingredient with loads of health and beauty
benefits. Ayurveda calls it the ‘golden wonder’. The Concept of beauty
especially for females, having desire to look beautiful, charming, and
young By different beauty ways, using various herbs, are the things
known since centuries.

3.International Journal of Advanced Research in Science,

Communication and Technology
(IJARSCT) Volume 2, Issue 6 June 2022 Formulation and
Evaluation of Ubtan Facewash Miss.
Priti Pawar, et.al.
Reviewed that ormulating herbal Ubtan facewash using Turmeric and
curry extracts together with essence of ubtan, The method used for
extraction is Soxhlet Extraction Method. Desired formulation of
facewash was prepared and evaluated for their various parameters like
organoleptic Evaluation, Physicochemical evaluation, Performance
evaluation, Skin irritation test, Microbial evaluation and Stability

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Studies. Three batches are formulated amongst which batch B2 show

compatible results. So from the above studies it Was concluded that the
prepared formulation can be effectively used for facial care.
4.Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Pack Ramakrishna
S*,et.al.

Reviewed that how ubtan evaluation and preparation is carried out by

different testing parameters and conditions.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

Aim:-The aim of developing and testing Ubtan as a natural skincare product is to

harness the power of nature to provide effective and safe solutions for various skin
concerns. Ubtan aims to promote healthy and radiant skin while minimizing the use of
synthetic chemicals and their potential adverse effects.

Objective:-

1.Identify and select natural ingredients: The first objective is to

identify and select a range of natural ingredients, such as herbs, spices,
and grains, known for their beneficial properties for the skin. These
ingredients should have proven efficacy in addressing specific skin
concerns.

2.Formulate Ubtan recipes: Develop various Ubtan formulations by

blending different natural ingredients in specific proportions. The
objective is to create a range of Ubtan recipes that target different skin
types and address common skincare issues such as acne, dryness,
uneven skin tone, and dullness.

3.Conduct efficacy testing: Perform scientific testing to evaluate the

effectiveness of Ubtan formulations on different skin concerns. This
includes assessing their ability to cleanse, exfoliate, moisturize,
brighten, and improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.

4.Ensure safety and compatibility: Test Ubtan formulations to ensure

they are safe for use on various skin types, including sensitive skin.
Evaluate their compatibility with different skin conditions and potential
side effects, such as irritation or allergies.

5.Assess long-term effects: Conduct long-term studies to assess the

sustained benefits and potential longterm effects of using Ubtan as a
natural skincare product. Monitor changes in the skin’s health,
elasticity, and overall improvement in the complexion over an extended
period.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

6.Refine formulations: Based on the results of efficacy testing and user

feedback, refine the Ubtan formulations to optimize their performance,
enhance their sensory experience, and maximize customer satisfaction.

7.Establish quality standards: Set quality standards and guidelines for

Ubtan production, ensuring consistency, purity, and adherence to
ethical and sustainable practices. This includes sourcing ingredients
responsibly and promoting fair trade practices.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 PLAN OF WORK

PLAN OF WORK
• Literature Survey.

• Selection and collection of ingredients .

• Preparation of Ubtan.

• Evaluation of Ubtan.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Botanical name: - Citrus sinesis (sweet orange).

Citrus aurantium (bitter orange)

Family: - Rutaceae

Fig 1: orange peel powder

Genus: - Citrus

Active constituents: Limonene (90%), Citral (4%), Vitamin C, Pectin, Hesperidine,

Aurantimarin
Aurantimaric acid, Octanal (39%), Decanal (42%), Monoterpene (91%) and contains no less
than 2.5% Volatile oil 9.

Uses:-

Protects skin from free radical damage.

Heals dry, flaky, and itchy skin.

Hydrates dehydrated skin.

Brings back moisture.

Prevents oxidative stress in skin cells, for youthful, glowing skin.

Helps in renewing worn-out cells.

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

Works as a skin lightening agent.

Removes tan.

Loaded with Anti-ageing properties.

Promotes healthy skin glow 10.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 MATERIAL AND METHOD
2.ROSE PETAL POWDER

Botanical name: - Rosa rubiginosa.

Family: - Rosacea

Fig 2:rose petal powder

Genus: - rosa
Active constituents:- Flavonoids, as a kind of important natural products, are the main active
ingredients in medicinal plants of the genus Rosa.

Uses:- •As a Skin Toner

•To Soothe Skin

•To Fight Acne

•To Prevent Dark Circles

•As a Sunscreen To Nourish Scalp

•To Revitalise Skin Cells.

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

3. Saffron

Botanical name:- Crocus sativus Linnaeus

Family:- Iridaceae family

Genus:- Crocus

Fig 3: SAFFRON
Active constituents:- It include cardioprotective, neuroprotective, memory enhancer,
antidepressant and anxiolytic. Among more than 150 chemicals of saffron, the most
biologically active components are two carotenoids including crocin and crocetin.

Uses:-•A powerful antioxidant

•may improve mood and treat depressive symptoms

•may have Cancer fighting properties

•May improve memory in adults with Alzheimer’s disease

•May improve eyesight in adults with age-related macular degeneration •May reduce heart disease risk
factors.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 MATERIAL AND METHOD
4. Sandalwood Powder

Botanical name:-Santalum album

Family:- Santalaceous

Genus:-Santalum

Fig 4 : SANDALWOOD

Active constituents:- Main chemical constituents are Santene, α-Santalene, β- Santalene, Teresantalol, α-
Santalol, β-Santalol, Norticycloekasantalal etc.

Uses:-• Fairer Skin Complexion Pack

•Relaxant

•Astringent Property

•Effective Antiseptic

•Potent Anti Inflammatory Effect

•Prevents Skin Cancer

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

5.saunf powder

Botanical name:- Foeniculum vulgare

Family:- Apiaceae

Genus:- Foeniculum

FIG 5: SAUNF POWDER

Active constituents:- Fennel contains 1–3% of a volatile oil composed of approximately 50–
60% anethole and 20% de-fenchone. Other compounds present in fennel are d-α-pinene, d-α-
phellandrene, dipentene, methyl chavicol, feniculum, anisaldehyde, and anisic acid.

Uses:-•Antiseptic for skin

•Reduces cellulite

•Deep cleanse skin

•Treat acne and pimple

•Delay signs of aging

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 MATERIAL AND METHOD

6.Milk powder. Company name:- Amulspray

Parent company:-Amul

Ingredients:-sugar, minerals, partly skimmed milk ,vitamins, starch and carbohydrates.

Fig 6: MILK POWD

Uses:-•It acts as a cleanser

•It gives a youthful glow to your skin

•It has lactic acid, which lightens and smoothens the skin.

•It hydrates your skin

•Milk powder face packs help in eradicating blackheads as well as whiteheads.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 MATERIAL AND METHOD
7. Oatmeal

Company name:-Nutri-Delite oats

Fig 7: OATMEAL

Ingredients:-turmeri powder,peeled green peas,green chillies,garam masala,etc.

Uses:-Ground oatmeal can work as an exfoliant, sloughing away dirt, oil, and dead skin cells.
It can moisturize, and reduce inflammation, meaning people often use it as a home remedy for
dry, itchy, or irritated skin.Doctors typically recommend that people use colloidal oatmeal for their
skin. This type of oatmeal is a finely ground powder.

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD
Method of preparation

Preparation of ubtan -
1.take the all the ingredients -oatmeal,rose powder,milk powder, saffron,saunf powder, sandalwood
powder, orange peel powder.

2.make a fine powder of oatmeal by using grinder and pass it through seive(#10).

3.weigh all the ingredients accordingly.

4.Trituration of all the ingredients at last.

Formula:-

1.Orange peel powder:-6.5gm

2.rose petal powder:-9 gm

3.oatmeal powder:-50 gm

4.sandalwood powder:-6.5gm

5.milk powder:-30gm

6.saffron:-0.25gm

7.saunf powder:-4gm

.METHOD OF EVALUATION

ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION:-The organoleptic parameters include its appearance,

color, odor, texture, grittiness, washability, which were evaluated manually for its physical
properties.

.PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION:- Physicochemical parameters were

determined, including the determination of moisture content, extractive values, pH and ash values.

.Determination of moisture content:- Moisture content is important for the plant drugs because
insufficient drying may lead to possible enzymatic deterioration of the active principles. • Moisture content was
determined by loss on drying (LOD). Weigh accurately 3gms of the powder drug and take in a weighed petri dish
and placed in

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD
hot air oven at 100-108ºC. It was weighed until constant weight was obtained.

.Determination of extractive values:- Extractive values are primarily useful for the
determination of exhausted or adulterated Drugs. It helps to determine the quality as well purity of
the product. It also gives an idea about the nature of the chemical Constituent’s Less extractive
value indicates addition of exhausted material, adulteration or incorrect processing during drying or
storage or Formulating.

.Water soluble extractive value:-Macerate about 5gm of accurately weighed sample with
100ml chloroform water in a Stoppered flask for 24 hours. Shake frequently for first 6 hours. Filter
rapidly through filter paper into a 50ml cylinder and Evaporate 25ml aqueous extract to dryness in a
tared flatbottomed shallow dish. Evaporate to dryness on a water bath and Completely dry the
residue in an oven at 105º and weigh. Keep it in a desiccator. Dry the extract to constant weight,
finally Calculate the percent w/w of water-soluble extractive value with reference to the air-dried
drug.

.Alcohol soluble extractive value:- Macerate about 5gm accurately weighed sample with
100ml
90% alcohol in a 100ml Stoppered flask for 24 hours. Shake frequently for first 6 hours. Filter
rapidly through filter paper into 50ml cylinder and collect The filtrate and evaporate 25ml of
alcoholic extract to dryness in a tared flat-bottomed shallow dish. Evaporate to dryness on a water
bath and completely dry the residue at 105º and weigh. Keep it in a desiccator. Dry the extract To
constant weight, finally calculate the percent w/w of alcohol soluble extractive value with reference
to the air-dried drug.

.Determination of pH:- It is the measurement of acidity or alkalinity of the product measured

on a scale of 0-14. pH of Formulated ubtan in rose water was found.

.Determination of Ash values:-The residue remaining after complete incineration is the ash
content of the product. Ash value is A criterion to judge the identity or purity of the drug. A high
ash value is indicative of contamination, substitution, adulteration or Carelessness in preparation of
the product. Ash values can be determined by as follows:

.Total Ash value:-Total ash value is useful for detecting low grade, exhausted products and also useful for
detecting excess of Sandy, earthy matter with drug. About 2-4gm of the prepared sample was

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

placed in a previously ignited and tared crucible. The Material was spread evenly on the crucible
and ignited by gradually increasing the heat until it was white i.e. free from carbon.It was then
cooled in desiccator and weighed. Percentage total ash was calculated with reference to the air-dried
sample.

.Acid insoluble Ash value:- Used to determine the earthy matter.To the crucible containing
total ash, 25ml of HCl was added and covered with a watch glass. Boiled gently for 5min. The
watch Glass was rinsed with 5ml hot water and added into the crucible. The insoluble matter was
collected on an ashless filter paper And washed with hot water until it was neutral. The filter paper
containing the insoluble matter was transferred to the original Crucible, dried on a hot plate and
ignited to constant weight. Allowed to cool in a desiccator for 30min and weighed. Percentage Acid
insoluble ash was calculated in reference to air-dried sample.

.Water soluble ash value:- It is the difference in weight between total ash and residue after
treatment of total ash with water. It is Used to detect either the material is exhausted by water or
not. To the crucible containing total ash, 25ml water was added and Boiled for 5min. The insoluble
matter was collected on an ashless filter paper. Washed with hot water and ignited in a crucible For
15min at a temperature not exceeding 450ºC. Cooled and weighed.Percentage water soluble ash
was calculated in reference To air dried sample.

.RHEOLOGICALL EVALUATION:- It gives an overall idea about the visco elastic flow
behavior of the product. Physical Parameters like angle of repose, tapped density, bulk density,
Hausner’s ratio and Carr’s index were observed and calculated for The formulation.

.Angle of repose:- The angle of repose or critical angle of repose, of a granular material is the
steepest angle of descent or dip Relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled
without stumping. It is important for the design of processing, Storage and conveying systems of
particulate materials. It is also useful to quantify the flow properties of powder because it Influences
cohesion among the different particles. The fixed funnel cone method Employs the calculation of
height (H) above a paper that is placed on a horizontal surface. The formulated pack was carefully
Poured through the funnel till the peak of the conical heap just touched the tip of the funnel. Here
‘R’ denotes the radius of the Conical heap. The equation for calculating angle of repose(a) is,

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHODS

A= 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏𝑯𝑹

.Tapped Density:- The tapped density is an increased bulk density attained after mechanically
tapping a graduated measuring Cylinder containing powder sample. The tap density of a powder
can be used to predict both flow properties and its Compressibility. The volume of packaging can
be determined in a graduated cylinder. 25gms of weighed formulation powder Was taken and
slowly added to the cylinder with the aid of a funnel. The initial volume was observed firstly and
the sample was Then tapped until no further volume reduction occurred. The value obtained after
tapping was noted. The equation for calculating the tapped density is,

Tapped density = 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇(𝒈)𝑻𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆(𝒎𝒍)

.Bulk Density:- The bulk density value includes the volume of all the pores within the powder
sample. The term bulk density Refers to method used to indicate a packaging of particles or
granules. 25gms of weighed powder was taken and slowly poured Into the graduated cylinder. The
volume occupied by the powder was noted. The formula for calculating bulk density is,

D = 𝑴𝑽

Where, D = bulk density, M = mass of particles, V = total volume occupied by them.

.Hausner’s Ratio:- Hausner’s ratio is related to interparticle friction and as such can be used to
predict the powder flow Properties. The equation for measuring the Hausner’s ratio is,

Hausner’s ratio = 𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚𝒃𝒖𝒍𝒌 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚

.Carr’s Index:- Carr’s index is another indirect method of measuring the powder flow from bulk
density. It is directly related to The relative flow rate cohesiveness and particle size. It is simple,
fast and popular method of presiding powder flow characters.
The equation for measuring it is,

% compressibility = 𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚−𝒃𝒖𝒍𝒌 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕 .

.Particle size:- Particle size is a parameter, which affect various properties like spreadability,
grittiness, etc. Particle size was Determined by microscopy method according to the standard
procedure.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 RESULTS

RESULT AND DISCUSSION-

Following evaluation parameters were performed to ensure superiority
of prepared ubtan.

Organoleptic evaluation:-

Herbal ubtan was evaluated for organoleptic parameters showed in the

Table 1. The colour of prepared formulation was Brown. The odour of
prepared formulation was pleasant and good acceptable which is desirable
to cosmetic formulations.

Table 1:- Organoleptic evaluation

parameter observation
colour brown

Odour pleasant

Appearance Smooth and fine

Texture Fine

Smoothness Smooth

Ubtan was evaluated for powder property. Showed in Table 2.

Rheological findings justified the flow properties of ubtan. It was found
to be free flowing and non- sticky in nature

TABLE NO 2 RHEOLOGICAL EVALLUATIONS

Parameters Observation
Bulk density 0.40 g/ml

Tapped density 0.45 g/ml

Angel of repose 1

Hausner’s ratio 1.125

Carr’s index 11.111%

Particle size 40-50 um

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 RESULTS

Observation:- Rheological findings justified the flow properties of

the ubtan as it was found to be free flowing and non-Sticky in nature.
The results proved that the formulation was stable in all aspects.

Physicochemical evaluation :- ubtan was evaluated for

physiochemical parameters showed in Table 3.

The pH of the formulation was found to be 6.. The moisture

content was within limit.

Table 3:- Physicochemical evaluation

Parameters Observation

pH 6

Moisture content 11.34%

Alcohol soluble extractive value 13.6%

Total ash value 2.066%

Acid insoluble ash value 0.925%

Water soluble ash value 1.48%

Water soluble extractive value 16%

Observation :- Moisture content value clearly indicated that the formulation was
hygroscopic in nature. Extractive values and ash values were found within the limits.
pH was found neutral to suit the requirements of all skin types.
Irritancy test:-The prepared herbal face was subjected for irritancy test and the
results are showed

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 RESULTS

in Table 4. The herbal face pack formulation doesn’t showed any sigh
of irritation, redness and swelling during irritancy studies.

Table 4:- Irritancy test

Parameter Observation
Irritation Nil

Redness Nil

Swelling Nil

Photo irritation No irritation,no

redness,no swelling.

Observation: Irritancy test showed negative results for irritancy,

redness, swelling and photo irritancy, as the herbals in their Natural
form without addition of chemicals were found to be compatible with
the skin proteins.

Stability studies:-The prepared ubtan was subjected for stability

studies and the results are showed in Table 5. No change in colour,

Odour, texture, smoothness and pH was observed.

Table 5:- Stability testing

Parameters Room temperature 40°c

Colour No change No change

Odour No change No change

Texture Fine Fine

Smoothness Smooth Smooth

pH 6 6

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 RESULTS

Observation:-Stability tests performed at different temperatures

over a period of one month revealed the inert nature of the ubtan in the
terms of color, odor, appearance, texture and pH.

Fig7.Images of Testing

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 DISCUSSION

DISCUSSION

Ubtan is a versatile skincare paste that can be customized based on individual needs
and preferences. Here, we'll explore the steps for preparing ubtan and discuss how to
evaluate its effectiveness.

Now, let's discuss how to evaluate the effectiveness of ubtan:

1. Skin texture and smoothness: After rinsing off the ubtan, evaluate how your skin
feels. Ubtan should help exfoliate dead skin cells, leaving your skin smoother and
softer. If your skin feels refreshed and rejuvenated, it indicates that the ubtan has been
effective in improving the texture of your skin.

2. Brightness and radiance: Ubtan is known for its ability to enhance the skin's natural
glow. Observe if your complexion appears brighter and more radiant after using the
ubtan. If you notice a healthy glow, it suggests that the ubtan has helped in improving
your skin's appearance.

3. Moisturization and hydration: Ubtan can have moisturizing properties, thanks to

ingredients like yogurt and honey. Evaluate if your skin feels adequately moisturized
and hydrated after using the ubtan. If your skin feels nourished and supple, it indicates
that the ubtan has effectively provided hydration.

4. Targeted concerns: If you used specific ingredients in your ubtan to address

particular skin concerns like acne, hyperpigmentation, or inflammation, evaluate if
there's any visible improvement in those areas. Ubtan's effectiveness in targeting and
treating specific skin issues may vary, so it's essential to observe any changes or
improvements.

Remember, everyone's skin is unique, so results may vary. It's recommended to

perform a patch test before applying ubtan to your entire face or body to ensure you
don't have any adverse reactions. Additionally, consistency is key. Regular and
continued use of ubtan can yield better results over time.

Overall, evaluating the effectiveness of ubtan involves assessing the texture, radiance,
moisturization, and targeted improvements on your skin. Enjoy the process and listen
to your skin's needs to determine what works best for you.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 CONCLUSION

Conclusion:

The dried powders of combined pack showed good flow property

which is suitable for a ubtan. Organoleptic evaluation Showed that the
pack is smooth & pleasant odour. Rheological findings justified the
flow properties of the pack as it was found To be free flowing & non
sticky in nature. Formulation was stable on all aspects, with no
Irritancy. Stability tests revealed the Inert nature of the pack. Further
optimisation studies are required on its various parameters to find its
useful benefits on the Human beings.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 REFERENCES

Reference:-

1.Rashmi Saxena Pal, Yogendra Pal and Pranay Wal. In-House Preparation and
Standardization of Herbal Face Pack. The Open Dermatology Journal. 2017;11; 72-
80.

2. Swati Siddheshwar Londhe, Mangesh Gautam Bhosale and Amol Arun Joshi.
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Face Pack. World Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2020;6(7); 159-165.

3.Skin Benefits of Cinnamon/Dalchini. Published online on 3 July 2020.

https://www.healthshots.com/beauty/natural-cures/4-Skin-benefits-of-cinnamon-
or-dalchini that-are-just-amazing/

4. Orange Peel Biological Sources, Morphological Features, Chemical Constituents

and Uses. November 03, 2020.www.gpatindia.com

5.Seema Yuvraj Mendhekar, Pratiksha Sukhadev Sonawane, Rupali Bajirao Kale,

Jadhav S.L. And Gaikwad D.D. Formulation And Evaluation of Polyherbal Face Pack.
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017;6(12); 1378-1387.

6.A. Sharma, S.C. Sati, O.P. Sati, D. Maneesha. Chemical Constituents And Bio
Activities of Genus Sapindus. International Journal of research in Ayurveda and
Pharmacy. Febryary 2011; 2(2); 403-409.

7.Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) volume 8, issue

12.

8.WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Volume 11,

Issue 7, 1520-1527 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357.

9. International Journal of Advancd research in Science, Communication and

Technology Volume 2, Issue 5, June 2022.

10. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 15(2): 69-81, 2021;
Article no.JOCAMR.71527 ISSN: 2456-6276 Aesthetic Significance of Solah Shringar
(Sixteen Ornaments) in Unani Medicine Nazim Husain1* and Mohd Khalid1.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 A Dissertation Entitled

“Unleashing the Power of Nature: Developing and

Testing Ubtan as a Natural Skincare Product"
Submitted to Savitribai Phule Pune University

As a part of Curriculum of Bachelor of Pharmacy Course

(Academic Year: 2022 -- 23)

Submitted By:

Mr.Kapil M Rathi

(Final Year B. Pharm)

Guided By:

Ms. Aishwarya Jain

(M. Pharm.Phd Research Scholar)

Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s

Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,

Vadgaon (Bk.), Pune- 411 041
2022 - 2023
"Unleashing the Power of Nature: Developing and Testing
Ubtan as a Natural Skincare Product"

Mr.Kapil M Rathi

(Final Year B. Pharm)

A
PROJECT
Submitted to
Savitribai Phule Pune University, in partial fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

Under the guidance of

Ms.Aishwarya Jain

(M. Pharm/PhD)

Designation of the Guide,

Department of of the Guide ,
SINHGAD COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
S.NO.44/1, OFF SINHGAD ROAD
2
VADGAON (BK) PUNE.
 Declaration by the candidate

I undersigned wish to state that the work embodied in the dissertation

entitled, "Unleashing the Power of Nature: Developing and
Testing Ubtan as a Natural Skincare Product" forms my own
contribution to the research carried out under the guidance of
MS.AISHWARYA JAIN at the Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, S.No. 44/1,
Vadgaon (BK), Pune-41. This work has not been submitted for any other
degree of this or any other University. Whenever references have been
made to previous works carried out by others, it has been clearly indicated
as such and included in the Bibliography.

Mr.Kapil M Rathi
Final Year B. Pharm,
Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Vadgaon (Bk.), Pune-41.
Date:

3
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work presented in the dissertation
entitled "Unleashing the Power of Nature: Developing and
Testing Ubtan as a Natural Skincare Product" has been carried
out by Mr.Kapil M Rathi, of STES’s Sinhgad College of
Pharmacy,Pune,under the guidance of Ms.Aishwarya Jain
Professor, Dept.of pharmaceutics,STES’s Sinhgad college of
Pharmacy,Pune.

Date: / /2022 Ms.Aishwarya Jain

Place: Pune M.Pharm.Phd
Research Scholar
Sinhgad college of Pharmacy,
Vadgaon (Bk.), Pune-411 041.

4
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work presented in the dissertation
entitled "Unleashing the Power of Nature: Developing and
Testing Ubtan as a Natural Skincare Product" has been carried out
by Mr.Kapil.M.Rathi of STES’s Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Pune, under the guidance of Ms.Aishwarya Jain, Professor,
Dept.of Pharmaceutics, STES’s Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Pune.

Date: / /2022 Dr. Rajesh B.Patil

Place: Pune Principal and professor,

Sinhgad College of Pharmacy,
Vadgaon (Bk.),
Pune -411 041.

5
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project is not the result of an individual effort but is the product of
collective wisdom and experience of all those who have stood by me in all my
efforts for successfully completing my project.

I would like to commence this acknowledgement memorandum on a

pious note by thanking the Almighty (Ganesha) for making this entire mission a
triumphant experience. I am also deeply gratified to my Parents, whose
blessings, ideals and values have been a guiding light on every step of this
competitive journey. My parents have always stood by my decisions and provided
me all the resources even in difficult times to help me achieve my goals and realize
my dreams. I am fortunate to have very understanding and caring parents and
brother.

I would like to give heartfelt thanks to Dr. Rajesh B. Patil , Principal,

STES’s Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (Bk), Pune, who in big way and
small have contributed for this effort. I would like to thank him for providing the
necessary infrastructure and all the facilities required to carry out my research
work.
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide,
Ms.Aishwarya Jain, Professor, Dept.of Pharmaceutics, STES’s Sinhgad College
of Pharmacy, Pune. Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Pune, for his blessings,
constructive criticism, boundless enthusiasm. Apart from the subject of my
research, I have learnt a lot from him, which I am sure, will be useful in different
stages of my life.
I am very fortunate to be a student of Sinhgad Technical Education Society
and thankful to our respected Founder President Prof. M. N. Navale Sir and Dr.
(Mrs.) S. M. Navale Madam for providing all the facilities and good environment
for the studies and project work. I would also
6 like to thank them for providing such
a beautiful campus and a conducive environment for studies.
Friends are the most important ingredient in the recipe of life and considered
myself lucky to have my life flavored with my closest and dearest best friend.
Ms.Deepali Singh who has been very encouraging during my thesis times. I am
really fortunate to have you as a part of my life, whose constant support and
encouragement has always kept me motivated and has got the best out of me. I
cannot express my gratitude to you in any amount of words. Thank you for
always being there for me.
I express my heartful thanx to my friends Rutik Pawar for his constant
joyous company, encouragement and most importantly, their friendship, has made
me a better person through the journey of these two years. I would like to thank
them for their co-operation, support during each and every moment. I will always
cherish their memories in my heart. Beside this, several people have knowingly
and unknowingly helped me in the successful completion of this project. Thanks to
them.

I am sincerely thankful to librarian of our college Mrs.Sunita Linge and all

the library staff for their co-operation and help during referencing for research
work. I am also eternally grateful to Mrs. Manisha Tarange,Mrs. Laxmi
kale,Mrs.Choudhary for providing and fulfilling our demands of chemicals,
without any delays and interruptions in this project work. I am happy to utilize this
opportunity to thank our peons Mr.Hanumant Vasekar for their support during
our work in the laboratory.

My Journey has just begun and I hope it continues to be a source of inspiration to

achieve every success in my life.

MR.Kapil M Rathi
(Final Year B. Pharm)

7
 PROJECT SUBMISSION
Project Work submitted by Final Year B. Pharm Student to Savitribai Phule Pune University, as a
part of curriculum
Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s
01 Name of the institute
Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon
(Bk.), Pune 411 041
Kapil M Rathi

Sahyadri pride 1 behind bank of baroda atm

Name & Address of the
02 behind Sinhgad institute of management,
Candidate
Wadgaon Budruk, Ambegaon BK, Pune,
Maharashtra 411041

Ms. Aishwarya Jain

Professor, Dept.of Pharmaceutics, STES’s
Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Pune.
Name , Address & Designation
03 Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s
of Guide
Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon
(Bk.),
Pune 411 041.
"Unleashing the Power of Nature:
04 Title of the Project Developing and Testing Ubtan as a Natural
Skincare Product"

05 Date & Place May-2022, Pune

Name & Signature of Name & Signature of Name & Signature of

Candidate Guide Principal
(Mr.Kapil.M.Rathi) (Ms.Aishwarya Jain) (Dr. Rajesh B. Patil )
8
 INDEX

Sr. No. Title Page No

List of abbreviations 10

List of tables 11

List of Figures 12

1. Introduction 13

2. Review of Literature 15

3. Aim and Objective 18

4. Plan of work 30

5. Material and Method 21

6. Results 38

7. Discussion 38

8. Conclusions 42

9. References 44

9
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Symbol Abbreviations

% Percentage

± Plus or minus

µg/ml Microgram per milliliter

Mg Milligram

Ml Milliliter

Etc Etcetera’s

Hrs Hours

Conc. Concentration

10
 List of Tables
Table No. Table Caption Page No.

1. Organoleptic evaluation 35

2. Rheological Evaluation 35

3. Physicochemical evaluation 36

4. Irritancy testing 36

5. Stability testing 37

11
 List of Figures

Fig. No. Figure Caption Page No.

1. Orange peel powder 21

2. Rose petal powder 22

3. Saffron 23

4. Sandalwood powder 24

5. Saunf powder 25

6. Milk powder 26

7. Oatmeal powder 27

12
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Ubtan

Ubtan also referred to as Angrāg, is a herbal Cosmetic formulation,

being used traditionally in India and other Asian countries. It is a
Semisolid preparation made up of powdered Drugs used to remove the
dirt particles from the Skin and enhances the luster of the body. It is
One of the vital components of Solah Shringar And has great
importance in Unani medicine .Ubtan is generally prepared by mixing
Haldi(Curcuma longa) and Chana (Cicer arietinum)With other
ingredients in rational quantity. Scientific evidences suggested that
Curcuma Longa present in Ubtan enhances the skin colour. It is used as
cleanser, refresher and skin tonic in The local communities of India and
neighbouring Countries. It is also believed that it lightens the
Complexion of the skin and make the baby more Beautiful .Everybody
wants to get a fair and charming skin. Now a day, acne, black heads,
pimples are common among persons who suffer From it. According to
Ayurveda, skin problems are normally due to impurity in blood. Herbal
face packs are used to simulate Blood circulation, rejuvenate the
muscles and help to maintain the elasticity of the skin and remove dirt
from skin pores. The Advantage of herbal cosmetics is their non toxic
nature, reduce the allergic reactions and time tested usefulness of many
Ingredients. Thus in the present work, an attempt has been made in
formulating an ideal face pack suitable for all skin types.

1
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Review of literature:-

1.Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research by

Nazim Husain et.al.

Reviewed that Ubtan also referred to as Angrāg, is a herbal Cosmetic

formulation, being used traditionally in India and other Asian
countries. It is a Semisolid preparation made up of powdered Drugs
used to remove the dirt particles from the Skin and enhances the luster
of the body. It is One of the vital components of Solah Shringar And
has great importance in Unani medicine.

2.UBTAN-Gift from Ayurveda and Nature by Divya jain et.al.

Reviewed that In the olden days, cosmetic treatments and beauty

parlours were not available. As a result, Indians developed their own
natural beauty secrets to ensure that a couple looked radiant and
Wonderful on their wedding day. Turmeric (Haldi) stands out as the
most easily available home Ingredient with loads of health and beauty
benefits. Ayurveda calls it the ‘golden wonder’. The Concept of beauty
especially for females, having desire to look beautiful, charming, and
young By different beauty ways, using various herbs, are the things
known since centuries.

3.International Journal of Advanced Research in Science,

Communication and Technology
(IJARSCT) Volume 2, Issue 6 June 2022 Formulation and
Evaluation of Ubtan Facewash Miss.
Priti Pawar, et.al.
Reviewed that ormulating herbal Ubtan facewash using Turmeric and
curry extracts together with essence of ubtan, The method used for
extraction is Soxhlet Extraction Method. Desired formulation of
facewash was prepared and evaluated for their various parameters like
organoleptic Evaluation, Physicochemical evaluation, Performance
evaluation, Skin irritation test, Microbial evaluation and Stability

2
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Studies. Three batches are formulated amongst which batch B2 show

compatible results. So from the above studies it Was concluded that the
prepared formulation can be effectively used for facial care.
4.Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Pack Ramakrishna
S*,et.al.

Reviewed that how ubtan evaluation and preparation is carried out by

different testing parameters and conditions.

3
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 AIM AND
OBJECTIVE
 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

Aim:-The aim of developing and testing Ubtan as a natural skincare product is to

harness the power of nature to provide effective and safe solutions for various skin
concerns. Ubtan aims to promote healthy and radiant skin while minimizing the use of
synthetic chemicals and their potential adverse effects.

Objective:-

1.Identify and select natural ingredients: The first objective is to

identify and select a range of natural ingredients, such as herbs, spices,
and grains, known for their beneficial properties for the skin. These
ingredients should have proven efficacy in addressing specific skin
concerns.

2.Formulate Ubtan recipes: Develop various Ubtan formulations by

blending different natural ingredients in specific proportions. The
objective is to create a range of Ubtan recipes that target different skin
types and address common skincare issues such as acne, dryness,
uneven skin tone, and dullness.

3.Conduct efficacy testing: Perform scientific testing to evaluate the

effectiveness of Ubtan formulations on different skin concerns. This
includes assessing their ability to cleanse, exfoliate, moisturize,
brighten, and improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.

4.Ensure safety and compatibility: Test Ubtan formulations to ensure

they are safe for use on various skin types, including sensitive skin.
Evaluate their compatibility with different skin conditions and potential
side effects, such as irritation or allergies.

5.Assess long-term effects: Conduct long-term studies to assess the

sustained benefits and potential longterm effects of using Ubtan as a
natural skincare product. Monitor changes in the skin’s health,
elasticity, and overall improvement in the complexion over an extended
period.

4
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

6.Refine formulations: Based on the results of efficacy testing and user

feedback, refine the Ubtan formulations to optimize their performance,
enhance their sensory experience, and maximize customer satisfaction.

7.Establish quality standards: Set quality standards and guidelines for

Ubtan production, ensuring consistency, purity, and adherence to
ethical and sustainable practices. This includes sourcing ingredients
responsibly and promoting fair trade practices.

5
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
PLAN OF WORK
 PLAN OF WORK

PLAN OF WORK
• Literature Survey.

• Selection and collection of ingredients .

• Preparation of Ubtan.

• Evaluation of Ubtan.

6
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
MATERIAL AND
METHOD
 MATERIAL AND METHODS

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Botanical name: - Citrus sinesis (sweet orange).

Citrus aurantium (bitter orange)

Family: - Rutaceae

Fig 1: orange peel powder

Genus: - Citrus

Active constituents: Limonene (90%), Citral (4%), Vitamin C, Pectin, Hesperidine,

Aurantimarin
Aurantimaric acid, Octanal (39%), Decanal (42%), Monoterpene (91%) and contains no less
than 2.5% Volatile oil 9.

Uses:-

Protects skin from free radical damage.

Heals dry, flaky, and itchy skin.

Hydrates dehydrated skin.

Brings back moisture.

Prevents oxidative stress in skin cells, for youthful, glowing skin.

Helps in renewing worn-out cells.

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

Works as a skin lightening agent.

Removes tan.

Loaded with Anti-ageing properties.

Promotes healthy skin glow 10.

8
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 MATERIAL AND METHOD
2.ROSE PETAL POWDER

Botanical name: - Rosa rubiginosa.

Family: - Rosacea

Fig 2:rose petal powder

Genus: - rosa
Active constituents:- Flavonoids, as a kind of important natural products, are the main active
ingredients in medicinal plants of the genus Rosa.

Uses:- •As a Skin Toner

•To Soothe Skin

•To Fight Acne

•To Prevent Dark Circles

•As a Sunscreen To Nourish Scalp

•To Revitalise Skin Cells.

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

3. Saffron

Botanical name:- Crocus sativus Linnaeus

Family:- Iridaceae family

Genus:- Crocus

Fig 3: SAFFRON
Active constituents:- It include cardioprotective, neuroprotective, memory enhancer,
antidepressant and anxiolytic. Among more than 150 chemicals of saffron, the most
biologically active components are two carotenoids including crocin and crocetin.

Uses:-•A powerful antioxidant

•may improve mood and treat depressive symptoms

•may have Cancer fighting properties

•May improve memory in adults with Alzheimer’s disease

•May improve eyesight in adults with age-related macular degeneration •May reduce heart disease risk
factors.

10
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 MATERIAL AND METHOD
4. Sandalwood Powder

Botanical name:-Santalum album

Family:- Santalaceae

Genus:-Santalum

Fig 4 : SANDALWOOD

Active constituents:- Main chemical constituents are Santene, α-Santalene, β- Santalene, Teresantalol, α-
Santalol, β-Santalol, Norticycloekasantalal etc.

Uses:-• Fairer Skin Complexion Pack

•Relaxant

•Astringent Property

•Effective Antiseptic

•Potent Anti Inflammatory Effect

•Prevents Skin Cancer

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

5.saunf powder

Botanical name:- Foeniculum vulgare

Family:- Apiaceae

Genus:- Foeniculum

FIG 5: SAUNF POWDER

Active constituents:- Fennel contains 1–3% of a volatile oil composed of approximately 50–
60% anethole and 20% de-fenchone. Other compounds present in fennel are d-α-pinene, d-α-
phellandrene, dipentene, methyl chavicol, feniculum, anisaldehyde, and anisic acid.

Uses:-•Antiseptic for skin

•Reduces cellulite

•Deep cleanse skin

•Treat acne and pimple

•Delay signs of aging

12
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 MATERIAL AND METHOD

6.Milk powder. Company name:- Amulspray

Parent company:-Amul

Ingredients:-sugar, minerals, partly skimmed milk ,vitamins, starch and carbohydrates.

Fig 6: MILK POWD

Uses:-•It acts as a cleanser

•It gives a youthful glow to your skin

•It has lactic acid, which lightens and smoothens the skin.

•It hydrates your skin

•Milk powder face packs help in eradicating blackheads as well as whiteheads.

13
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 MATERIAL AND METHOD
7. Oatmeal

Company name:-Nutri-Delite oats

Fig 7: OATMEAL

Ingredients:-turmeri powder,peeled green peas,green chillies,garam masala,etc.

Uses:-Ground oatmeal can work as an exfoliant, sloughing away dirt, oil, and dead skin cells.
It can moisturize, and reduce inflammation, meaning people often use it as a home remedy for
dry, itchy, or irritated skin.Doctors typically recommend that people use colloidal oatmeal for their
skin. This type of oatmeal is a finely ground powder.

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD
Method of preparation

Preparation of ubtan -
1.take the all the ingredients -oatmeal,rose powder,milk powder, saffron,saunf powder, sandalwood
powder, orange peel powder.

2.make a fine powder of oatmeal by using grinder and pass it through seive(#10).

3.weigh all the ingredients accordingly.

4.Trituration of all the ingredients at last.

Formula:-

1.Orange peel powder:-6.5gm

2.rose petal powder:-9 gm

3.oatmeal powder:-50 gm

4.sandalwood powder:-6.5gm

5.milk powder:-30gm

6.saffron:-0.25gm

7.saunf powder:-4gm

.METHOD OF EVALUATION

ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION:-The organoleptic parameters include its appearance,

color, odor, texture, grittiness, washability, which were evaluated manually for its physical
properties.

.PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION:- Physicochemical parameters were

determined, including the determination of moisture content, extractive values, pH and ash values.

.Determination of moisture content:- Moisture content is important for the plant drugs because
insufficient drying may lead to possible enzymatic deterioration of the active principles. • Moisture content was
determined by loss on drying (LOD). Weigh accurately 3gms of the powder drug and take in a weighed petri dish
and placed in

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD
hot air oven at 100-108ºC. It was weighed until constant weight was obtained.

.Determination of extractive values:- Extractive values are primarily useful for the
determination of exhausted or adulterated Drugs. It helps to determine the quality as well purity of
the product. It also gives an idea about the nature of the chemical Constituent’s Less extractive
value indicates addition of exhausted material, adulteration or incorrect processing during drying or
storage or Formulating.

.Water soluble extractive value:-Macerate about 5gm of accurately weighed sample with
100ml chloroform water in a Stoppered flask for 24 hours. Shake frequently for first 6 hours. Filter
rapidly through filter paper into a 50ml cylinder and Evaporate 25ml aqueous extract to dryness in a
tared flatbottomed shallow dish. Evaporate to dryness on a water bath and Completely dry the
residue in an oven at 105º and weigh. Keep it in a desiccator. Dry the extract to constant weight,
finally Calculate the percent w/w of water-soluble extractive value with reference to the air-dried
drug.

.Alcohol soluble extractive value:- Macerate about 5gm accurately weighed sample with
100ml
90% alcohol in a 100ml Stoppered flask for 24 hours. Shake frequently for first 6 hours. Filter
rapidly through filter paper into 50ml cylinder and collect The filtrate and evaporate 25ml of
alcoholic extract to dryness in a tared flat-bottomed shallow dish. Evaporate to dryness on a water
bath and completely dry the residue at 105º and weigh. Keep it in a desiccator. Dry the extract To
constant weight, finally calculate the percent w/w of alcohol soluble extractive value with reference
to the air-dried drug.

.Determination of pH:- It is the measurement of acidity or alkalinity of the product measured

on a scale of 0-14. pH of Formulated ubtan in rose water was found.

.Determination of Ash values:-The residue remaining after complete incineration is the ash
content of the product. Ash value is A criterion to judge the identity or purity of the drug. A high
ash value is indicative of contamination, substitution, adulteration or Carelessness in preparation of
the product. Ash values can be determined by as follows:

.Total Ash value:-Total ash value is useful for detecting low grade, exhausted products and also useful for
detecting excess of Sandy, earthy matter with drug. About 2-4gm of the prepared sample was

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHOD

placed in a previously ignited and tared crucible. The Material was spread evenly on the crucible
and ignited by gradually increasing the heat until it was white i.e. free from carbon.It was then
cooled in desiccator and weighed. Percentage total ash was calculated with reference to the air-dried
sample.

.Acid insoluble Ash value:- Used to determine the earthy matter.To the crucible containing
total ash, 25ml of HCl was added and covered with a watch glass. Boiled gently for 5min. The
watch Glass was rinsed with 5ml hot water and added into the crucible. The insoluble matter was
collected on an ashless filter paper And washed with hot water until it was neutral. The filter paper
containing the insoluble matter was transferred to the original Crucible, dried on a hot plate and
ignited to constant weight. Allowed to cool in a desiccator for 30min and weighed. Percentage Acid
insoluble ash was calculated in reference to air-dried sample.

.Water soluble ash value:- It is the difference in weight between total ash and residue after
treatment of total ash with water. It is Used to detect either the material is exhausted by water or
not. To the crucible containing total ash, 25ml water was added and Boiled for 5min. The insoluble
matter was collected on an ashless filter paper. Washed with hot water and ignited in a crucible For
15min at a temperature not exceeding 450ºC. Cooled and weighed.Percentage water soluble ash
was calculated in reference To air dried sample.

.RHEOLOGICALL EVALUATION:- It gives an overall idea about the visco elastic flow
behavior of the product. Physical Parameters like angle of repose, tapped density, bulk density,
Hausner’s ratio and Carr’s index were observed and calculated for The formulation.

.Angle of repose:- The angle of repose or critical angle of repose, of a granular material is the
steepest angle of descent or dip Relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled
without stumping. It is important for the design of processing, Storage and conveying systems of
particulate materials. It is also useful to quantify the flow properties of powder because it Influences
cohesion among the different particles. The fixed funnel cone method Employs the calculation of
height (H) above a paper that is placed on a horizontal surface. The formulated pack was carefully
Poured through the funnel till the peak of the conical heap just touched the tip of the funnel. Here
‘R’ denotes the radius of the Conical heap. The equation for calculating angle of repose(a) is,

Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product. 7

 MATERIAL AND METHODS

A= 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏𝑯𝑹

.Tapped Density:- The tapped density is an increased bulk density attained after mechanically
tapping a graduated measuring Cylinder containing powder sample. The tap density of a powder
can be used to predict both flow properties and its Compressibility. The volume of packaging can
be determined in a graduated cylinder. 25gms of weighed formulation powder Was taken and
slowly added to the cylinder with the aid of a funnel. The initial volume was observed firstly and
the sample was Then tapped until no further volume reduction occurred. The value obtained after
tapping was noted. The equation for calculating the tapped density is,

Tapped density = 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇(𝒈)𝑻𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆(𝒎𝒍)

.Bulk Density:- The bulk density value includes the volume of all the pores within the powder
sample. The term bulk density Refers to method used to indicate a packaging of particles or
granules. 25gms of weighed powder was taken and slowly poured Into the graduated cylinder. The
volume occupied by the powder was noted. The formula for calculating bulk density is,

D = 𝑴𝑽

Where, D = bulk density, M = mass of particles, V = total volume occupied by them.

.Hausner’s Ratio:- Hausner’s ratio is related to interparticle friction and as such can be used to
predict the powder flow Properties. The equation for measuring the Hausner’s ratio is,

Hausner’s ratio = 𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚𝒃𝒖𝒍𝒌 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚

.Carr’s Index:- Carr’s index is another indirect method of measuring the powder flow from bulk
density. It is directly related to The relative flow rate cohesiveness and particle size. It is simple,
fast and popular method of presiding powder flow characters.
The equation for measuring it is,

% compressibility = 𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚−𝒃𝒖𝒍𝒌 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕 .

.Particle size:- Particle size is a parameter, which affect various properties like spreadability,
grittiness, etc. Particle size was Determined by microscopy method according to the standard
procedure.

19
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
RESULT
 RESULTS

RESULT AND DISCUSSION-

Following evaluation parameters were performed to ensure superiority
of prepared ubtan.

Organoleptic evaluation:-

Herbal ubtan was evaluated for organoleptic parameters showed in the

Table 1. The colour of prepared formulation was Brown. The odour of
prepared formulation was pleasant and good acceptable which is desirable
to cosmetic formulations.

Table 1:- Organoleptic evaluation

parameter observation
colour brown

Odour pleasant

Appearance Smooth and fine

Texture Fine

Smoothness Smooth

Ubtan was evaluated for powder property. Showed in Table 2.

Rheological findings justified the flow properties of ubtan. It was found
to be free flowing and non- sticky in nature

TABLE NO 2 RHEOLOGICAL EVALLUATIONS

Parameters Observation
Bulk density 0.40 g/ml

Tapped density 0.45 g/ml

Angel of repose 1

Hausner’s ratio 1.125

Carr’s index 11.111%

Particle size 40-50 um

20
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 RESULTS

Observation:- Rheological findings justified the flow properties of

the ubtan as it was found to be free flowing and non-Sticky in nature.
The results proved that the formulation was stable in all aspects.

Physicochemical evaluation :- ubtan was evaluated for

physiochemical parameters showed in Table 3.

The pH of the formulation was found to be 6.. The moisture

content was within limit.

Table 3:- Physicochemical evaluation

Parameters Observation

pH 6

Moisture content 11.34%

Alcohol soluble extractive value 13.6%

Total ash value 2.066%

Acid insoluble ash value 0.925%

Water soluble ash value 1.48%

Water soluble extractive value 16%

Observation :- Moisture content value clearly indicated that the formulation was
hygroscopic in nature. Extractive values and ash values were found within the limits.
pH was found neutral to suit the requirements of all skin types.
Irritancy test:-The prepared herbal face was subjected for irritancy test and the
results are showed

21
Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 RESULTS

in Table 4. The herbal face pack formulation doesn’t showed any sigh
of irritation, redness and swelling during irritancy studies.

Table 4:- Irritancy test

Parameter Observation
Irritation Nil

Redness Nil

Swelling Nil

Photo irritation No irritation,no

redness,no swelling.

Observation: Irritancy test showed negative results for irritancy,

redness, swelling and photo irritancy, as the herbals in their Natural
form without addition of chemicals were found to be compatible with
the skin proteins.

Stability studies:-The prepared ubtan was subjected for stability

studies and the results are showed in Table 5. No change in colour,

Odour, texture, smoothness and pH was observed.

Table 5:- Stability testing

Parameters Room temperature 40°c

Colour No change No change

Odour No change No change

Texture Fine Fine

Smoothness Smooth Smooth

pH 6 6

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
 RESULTS

Observation:-Stability tests performed at different temperatures

over a period of one month revealed the inert nature of the ubtan in the
terms of color, odor, appearance, texture and pH.

Fig7.Images of Testing

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
DISCUSSION
 DISCUSSION

DISCUSSION

Ubtan is a versatile skincare paste that can be customized based on individual needs
and preferences. Here, we'll explore the steps for preparing ubtan and discuss how to
evaluate its effectiveness.

Now, let's discuss how to evaluate the effectiveness of ubtan:

1. Skin texture and smoothness: After rinsing off the ubtan, evaluate how your skin
feels. Ubtan should help exfoliate dead skin cells, leaving your skin smoother and
softer. If your skin feels refreshed and rejuvenated, it indicates that the ubtan has been
effective in improving the texture of your skin.

2. Brightness and radiance: Ubtan is known for its ability to enhance the skin's natural
glow. Observe if your complexion appears brighter and more radiant after using the
ubtan. If you notice a healthy glow, it suggests that the ubtan has helped in improving
your skin's appearance.

3. Moisturization and hydration: Ubtan can have moisturizing properties, thanks to

ingredients like yogurt and honey. Evaluate if your skin feels adequately moisturized
and hydrated after using the ubtan. If your skin feels nourished and supple, it indicates
that the ubtan has effectively provided hydration.

4. Targeted concerns: If you used specific ingredients in your ubtan to address

particular skin concerns like acne, hyperpigmentation, or inflammation, evaluate if
there's any visible improvement in those areas. Ubtan's effectiveness in targeting and
treating specific skin issues may vary, so it's essential to observe any changes or
improvements.

Remember, everyone's skin is unique, so results may vary. It's recommended to

perform a patch test before applying ubtan to your entire face or body to ensure you
don't have any adverse reactions. Additionally, consistency is key. Regular and
continued use of ubtan can yield better results over time.

Overall, evaluating the effectiveness of ubtan involves assessing the texture, radiance,
moisturization, and targeted improvements on your skin. Enjoy the process and listen
to your skin's needs to determine what works best for you.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

Conclusion:

The dried powders of combined pack showed good flow property

which is suitable for a ubtan. Organoleptic evaluation Showed that the
pack is smooth & pleasant odour. Rheological findings justified the
flow properties of the pack as it was found To be free flowing & non
sticky in nature. Formulation was stable on all aspects, with no
Irritancy. Stability tests revealed the Inert nature of the pack. Further
optimisation studies are required on its various parameters to find its
useful benefits on the Human beings.

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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.
REFERENCE
 REFERENCES

Reference:-

1.Rashmi Saxena Pal, Yogendra Pal and Pranay Wal. In-House Preparation and
Standardization of Herbal Face Pack. The Open Dermatology Journal. 2017;11; 72-
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3.Skin Benefits of Cinnamon/Dalchini. Published online on 3 July 2020.

https://www.healthshots.com/beauty/natural-cures/4-Skin-benefits-of-cinnamon-
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4. Orange Peel Biological Sources, Morphological Features, Chemical Constituents

and Uses. November 03, 2020.www.gpatindia.com

5.Seema Yuvraj Mendhekar, Pratiksha Sukhadev Sonawane, Rupali Bajirao Kale,

Jadhav S.L. And Gaikwad D.D. Formulation And Evaluation of Polyherbal Face Pack.
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9. International Journal of Advancd research in Science, Communication and

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10. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 15(2): 69-81, 2021;
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Developing and testing Ubtan as natural skincare product.