DIAGRAM value rating, whereconsumption gevser, anpiances etc. wire.

AIM:
allappliances. THEORY
15 Activities
MAINS 10 P,, hot A Electricity
supplied to
Supplementary. Material.
Apparatus. apower
sOurce. To
eliminatofturhs)er,ee APPARATUS.
To sockets
to
protect P, plates in
SOurce
0Power assemble
to B FUSE 20% P, live are
10 are P'at
V higher the etc. and connected
wire. (on/off)Three AND
M.S. B, B ike the a No a
(a) appliances All
time, switches household
ammeter
A.C. S, rating than powers appliances 5A apparatus
(a) P=P, switches Main switches bulbsMATERIAL
in
Circuit e
ar"parallel" us
F
32the drawn
for electric (6
currentA from +P, required are V,
required circuit
is must domestic flexible 1
diagram, connected damage by + required board W)
normallyappliances. P,t have comprising
for with each, in ACTIVITYg
purposes withConnecting re
wiassembling
when . three heavy
for
mains.
(b) in fuse
Actual drawn normal a
series unduly wires load two-pin of three g
Source
supplyof The is
o24b810 with by appliances
calledappliances 220 0.6 a
layout. al hig h switches circuit. bulbs,
V socket wiandrtehd A.
supply
appliances. live, A.C. main
(b)
currents three
neutral like, like, are and and
source. switch
Fuse connected 50 main (on/of)
For are refrigerator,bulbs, black
(0 and Hz. a
to furtherdrawn switch. power
0.75 the
fluorescent The covering,
plastic
(A(A.C.) in switches,
A) fuse earth. household
safety, air series supply
of conditioner,
Total
little tubes with
a (battery fuse a
suitablehigher power circuit,
fans each a 113
and
 PROCEDURE
UTLITY PROCEDURE
DIAGRAM APPARATUS
MATERIAL
AND
2osult:
AIM:
To 4. 2.
lt: Material.
Apparatus. 7. 6. 5. 3. 1.
Itis 5. 4. 3 2. 1. assemble
Gradually CheckConnectConnect ConnectvoltageConnect main eachConnect
Connect
ConnectConnect
used Assembly Connect
diagram
set
for An houe the
A the one an the from ofthe
the the the and the unknown
voltmeter increase circuit A.C. B-S
measuring of
voltmeter components end mains 0 bulbs
theswitch components
ammeter then to
supply in
A one ammeter of
+ 10parallel
electrical in resistance and the power fuse V B,,
an in in series again (0, to B,
series an holc current M. S. and
unknown parallel series in of in 2, awith
(Resistors, ammeter supply
to series step-down
components with given a in 4, B,
with or ACTIVITY4 ensure
to 6, each in
towith resistance series 8 series
resistance the the the R
0.75 towith and
K of electrical one other.
resis-tor, battery.
battery. the inductors
appropriate ccer A,that
in end the
withtransformer10 with
circuit, th e
household
tsee electric coil, the V) .
to circuit. fuse of B-S switches
Expertment measure to etc.) RA connecting B-S set. power
circuit measure range, must set.
in circuit (battery S,
series supply
is the a burn S,
wires,battery, culemb and
2.complete. potential the with off is (batteryeliminator)
Section current. complete. S,
each a at respectively
difference. piece
rheostat, a about
A other eliminator
of 0.6 to
as sand one get and a
e A.
shown reqired Connect
paper. way
in key
 ACTIVITY 6
AIM: To draw the diagram ofa given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rhe ostat,
key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order
and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL

Abatteryeliminator or a battery (0 to 6 V), rheostat, two resistors, one-way key. D.C. ammeter
(0-3) Aand a D.C. voltmeter (0-3) V.
THEORY
An open circuit is the combination of primary components of electric circuit ina such a manner
that on closing the circuit, no current is drawn from the battery.
 PROCEDÜRE Activities
PRECAUTIONS
5 4. 3. 2. 1.
difference.
cpnnect
Always Always
potential Take Check Draw Ammeter.
Voltmeter,
CorrectResistance
One-way Rheostat.
out which the
connect circuit
the given
(0 It
components
key should
key. coil. It It
the open should
should
the plug W Rh diagram should It It
ammetervoltmeter should
before circuit be
connected be be
are Corrected
diagram
circuit connected
be connected
in (Components
connected be
inconnecting
connected
series. in auxillary connected
parallel in cted
series series,in in
in parallel
in
across the notebook. in
proper connected series (in
components. parallel place
Connecting towith
the wire
to
order the of
the the
point (in resistor.
in resistance
celDryl battery
place battery
and proper
for
Ammeter
which which Plug
key of eliminator.
eliminator.
order) rheostat). coil)
you are (i) with
need not. the
Voltmeter
R Rheostat
(Rh) battery
to
measure
eliminator.
the
119
 THEORY APPARATUS
MATERIAL
AND
The 4. 3. 2. 1For Material.
resistor
(a)
Carbon-Rings Apparatus.
Multimeter. identifyaTo
123 4 or
components draw afull biased.
operated
A glows. it
A biased
ALEDidentification,
when A
reverse resistor diode
scalecapacitor
charge. (Infact and(lightreverse Above
currentbiased. with is diode,an
Fig. to is does a
is two-terminal mixed
Wire be A.C. there a emitting biased.
appearance
Some alsotwo-terminal
not
identified initiallyWhen a LED,
two-terminal voltage. is conduct
It collection
of
the a no diode) does a
but
capacitor forward resistor
monly are device. and
Mica it when not working of
shown decay device. is ACTIVITY -
also emit It items.
204 device.
is or reverse and
Diodes(c) to It conducts
ailable in connected
zero reverse two-terminal alight
of a
figure. conducts
It biased. each capacitor
quickly. does while
bias when item
circuit Paper 0.47uF tonot
a for when conducting.
It from
D.C.
Itconduct
a emitsdevice. forward wil
ents. Capacitors(b) is
becausesource, resistor).either have a
|LED light It biased mixed
when Hence, to
forward while also be
that then It conducts considered. collection
collection l
Electrolytic either conducts and
1000uF initially
multimeter it
6V biased
conducting. does does
forward when not not of
a even or such of-
capacitor glowcond..
showsbiased whenreverse Henceforwpvl items. .
 Obs. Noof
.
ROCEDURE
1.
OBSERVATIONS 1.
(iv) (ii) () Connect
Switch
() In If
Two order the
Number
oflegs lf
item resistor. lfthere lf rpOinter
there
pointer pointer pointer on item
the to
is is is the has
a light no differentiate
battery
capacitor. does moves moves movescircuit
light two
emission,
not eliminator, terminals,
when emission,
when when and
resistor or
Capacitor,
LEDDiode,
device
Name of move carefully proceed
voltage voltage the voltage
when the it
item reversing may
is isitem observe is
voltage is applied as be
applied applied a
LED. is ahead: diode,
a the key
is diode. in
Obs. No.of applied in one in movement one the
5. 4. 3. 2. one LED, a
way wav items
way
in a
decays Both emits emits
lightno
lightUnidirectional,
Unidirectional, and and to resistor
Initially
zerotohigbut(steady)
h directions Possible
current one and of be
way also does does the
flow identified or
and when not pointer
not
a
move move capacitor.
also
reversed, of and
when when when the
Capacitor Resistor LED Diode device
Name of the
reversed, multimeter.
the reversed reversed multimeter.
item
the is and and 205
a
 intensity single light the
obstacleopening
size
THEORYAPPARATUS paper. AIM:
waves
diffraction,
Here For slit Diffraction and Iwo
is of To
consists
on ofa ofslit or
both from a observe
the
aperture. glassrazor
or
A=n= d= order
= sides.differentaperture. blades,
plate.
wavelength order angle size is diffraction
central
bright of a
of phenomenon
Diffraction
wavelength adhesive
of of symmetrical The
aperture
diffraction
diffraction diffraction oflight
of tapes.
light. or sin d band of takes
slit point the of due
a
= having waves. bending
effect place screen to
ACTIVITY&
nh
of thin a
the when
is a
alternate
darkand The more
of source slit.
same
diffraction orderlight
pronounced
wavefront. of
of monochromatic
around
wavelength
pattern
weak The if the
the
diffraction arises sizecorners
bright
bands of is light
comparable
due of
the or (laser
to
pattern aperture edges
interference
pencil)
decreasing or
due small of
or a Dlack
to the hne
a of to
 PRECAUTION of PROCEDURE 214
lt: cONCLUSION
slit 5. 4. Cutthe 3. 2. 1.
(iv) (iii) (i) () showing When Throwa wall to
diffraction A formPlace Fix
Diffraction The Air or the
screen A tawo
point A razor gaps the hght beam small thin narrow
black
phenomena waves razor
source should pattern of slit slit paper
pattern
blades of a slitblades
are light dark inmade
of not 3A in on
onochromatic should incident of onbetween
should be of by between. so the
d
alternate the room.
diffraction using that glass
be left slit the
be between
placed on
d
their plate
seen a bright by sharp two
slit the sharp
light extremely of razor by
on light. or laser edges
glass and ysing
a aperture 4Intensity blades,
like wall edges
plates darkpencil. of
laser of
closed blades adhesive.
a then bands black are
torch dark and 1/121
1,/62
I/21 parallel
room.
asblack it d2 .
is and paper
should possible. bends seen Conprehcsiue
PhysicsXII
Practical
place and
paper. d32 and paper
Black -Glass
plate
away on
be the at extremely
used. a a
(spread)lat wall. suitable glass
plate. close
distance
from a
the to
corners each
other
 DIAGRAMS screen.the (position
2F THOREY spleirvelit .
2F APPARATUS AIM: Activites
Images For Hence, For For For For From The Convex candle To
of study
(üi) candlescreen) u
u u= = u nature
Object F
< 0, the and
formed as(-Ð,-f,u=o = -2f, lens, the
(i) the U lens a
Object distance v =f and optical screennature
between movesobjectbecomes v =
at bya 2f formula, size
infinity away of bench (for and
F convex less (burning
and t1he
different size
2F than from negative image1 with
F u
lens of
the candle)
the 1
three the
ACTIVITY RI
for (image fformed distances
2F
F 2F
focal focus image
different is uprights,
length, moved
ofbecomes by
the a formed
of
convex candle, the
2F
positions image lens from
virtual). candle by
2È towardsinfinity lens matchbox,
of becomes, a
depends fromconvex
candle infinity.
towards
(1) cardboard
metre
scale, the lens
(iv) are virtual on lens).
Object Object the the on
given
and position a
at convex screen
at F below:
2F does
lens, of by
not object. screen, using
come its 215
2F imagb
2F a
on
 The At
F 2F Nature, PROCEDURE 216
RESULT Between Between At Infinity
Beyond 2F OBSERVATIONS
nature 10. 9. 7. 6. 2. 1.
8. theAs 5. 4. 3.
As Move
distance When from The lens. Adjust
Move and
Mount length Mount bench.
Mount Find
F F size wil enlarged
and and and be the near 2F
Object and the the image the rough
pole 2F candle
at the burning heights th e ofthe th e
size position infinity invertedcandle position on lens screen burning the the
of the wil end cardboard convex focal
the reaches on be
candle so lens, ()
Positionof of i.e., real further other other real, to length Object
images of make
that of from
tcandle
he lens
image
At
2F
beyond theimage side. the side, inverted is he screen beyond
infinity
On Beyond
At 2FBetween nearer moved the
toptical
the in of
formed the by focus imageThecandle for inverted in holder the
same convex the on image thirdcentral on convex 2F
2F of to getting towards and bench. another
by and Image ends thscreen.
e the is in
a side at much sharp.image upright up central
convex F le ns of siz e lens
as lens, lens. distancesharp
the right.
object the wil more of upright by
'The lens The erect and
lens optical the be flame screen
upright usual
screen screen on keep
is equal 2fdiminished. flame and
ccording Virtual
erect
inverted
and Real inverted
inverted
and Real
and Realinverted
and Real
inverted
and Real
and
fromimage. one it
bench. may wil on keep and method.
has to side, of
Natureof the the burningbe the keep (vi) 2F
image not to lens, 'The the it Object Physics-XI
Comprehenslue
Practical
to actual nearly other at
be be invertedscreen distance it
oretical able moved in between
the candle
at side
flame the
to screen has the
Same
size is of equal middle
Enlargedmagni
HigMagnified
hlfedy Diminisheddiminished
Highly get away size. image focus the Fand
redictioi image
Sizeof to formed
its issize be
for also of central to of O
image
getting increases. moved the on rough the
at conveyscreen uprisht 2F
which same awav optiral
an forsl