kf]v/f ljZjljBfno

lzIfs sd{rf/L;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%%

kf]v/f ljZjljBfno P]g @)%# sf] bkmf ( -8_ / bkmf $! n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L kf]v/f ljZjljBfno ;efn]
b]xfosf lgodx¿ agfPsf] 5 M–
:jLs[t ldlt @)%%.^.@( ut]
klxnf] ;+zf]wg ldlt @)%(.)$.!@ ut]
bf];|f] ;+zf]wg ldlt @)^!.)$.@@ ut]
t];|f] ;+zf]wg ldlt @)^^.)^.@) ut]
rf}yf] ;+zf]wg ldlt @)^&.)&.!! ut]
kfFrf} ;+zf]wg ldlt @)&).)%.@* ut]
5}6f} ;+zf]wg ldlt @)&@.)*.@& ut]
;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg ldlt @)&^.)#.!& ut]
cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg ldlt @)&*.)#.@* ut]

kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M
-!_ o; lgodfjnLsf] gfd ækf]v/f ljZjljBfno lzIfs sd{rf/L;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)%%Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgodfjnL k]fv/f ljZjljBfno ;efaf6 kfl/t ePsf] ldltaf6 t'¿Gt nfu" x'g]5 .

@= kl/efiff M
-!_ laifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdfM
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] kf]v/f ljZjljBfno P]g @)%# ;Demg'kb{5 .
-v_ æljZjljBfnoÆ eGgfn] kf]v/f ljZjljBfno ;Demg'kb{5 .
-u_ æ;efÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf & adf]lhdsf] ljZjljBfno ;ef ;Demg'kb{5 .
-3_ æsfo{sf/L kl/ifb\Æ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf !@ adf]lhdsf] sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\ ;Demg'kb{5 .
-ª_ æk|fl1s kl/ifb\Æ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf !) adf]lhdsf] k|fl1s kl/ifb\ ;Demg'kb{5 .
-r_ æ;]jf cfof]uÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf !$ adf]lhd ul7t ;]jf cfof]u ;Demg'kb{5 .
-5_ æ;ÍfoÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf !% adf]lhdsf] ;Ífo;Demg'kb{5 .
-h_ æ;+u7g jf lgsfoÆ eGgfn] ljZjljBfnodf /x]sf] jf ;f]cGtu{tsf] s'g} klg ;+u7g jf lgsfo jf
sfof{no ;Demg'kb{5 .
-em_ ækbflwsf/LÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf ^ adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ / cGo tf]lsPad]flhdsf JolQmx¿nfO{
;d]t ;Demg'kb{5 .
-`_ æpk–s'nkltÆ eGgfn] kf]v/f ljZjljBfnosf] pks'nklt ;Demg'kb{5 .
-6_ æ/lhi6f/Æ eGgfn] kf]v/f ljZjljBfnosf] /lhi6f/ ;Demg'kb{5 .
-7_ æ8LgÆ eGgfn] ;Ífosf] k|d'vnfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 .
-8_ ælzIfsÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf @-6_ df kl/efiff ul/Psf lzIfs ;Demg'kb{5 .

1
 -9_ æsd{rf/LÆ eGgfn] o; lgodfjnLsf] lgod $ sf] v08 …vÚ / lgod $ sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd
tf]lsPsf] sd{rf/L ;Demg'kb{5 .
-0f_ æclVtof/jfnfÆ eGgfn] tf]lsPsf] clVtof/jfnf ;Demg'kb{5 .
-t_ ætf]lsPadf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; lgodfjnL / o; lgodfjnL cGtu{t ag]sf] ljlgoddf t]flsPs]fdf
;f]xLad]flhd / gtf]lsPs]fdf ;ef tyf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 lg0f{o u/L tf]lsPsf laifonfO{ ;d]t
;Demg'kb{5 .
-@_ P]gdf k|o'Qm zAb / jfSof+zx¿ o; lgodfjnLdf klg k|o'Qm ePsf]df k|;Ëj; csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df tL zAb
/ jfSof+zx¿sf] JofVof P]gs} cg'¿k ul/g]5 .

kl/R5]b–@
b/aGbL l;h{gf, kbsf] juL{s/0f / kbk"lt{
#= b/aGbL l;h{gf M
ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] b/aGbL sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$= kb tyf >]0fLx¿ M
-!_ ljZjljBfnodf b]xfosf kb tyf >]0fLx¿ /xg]5g\ M–
-s_ lzIfstkm{

!= k|fWofks (Professor)
@= ;x–k|fWofks (Reader)
#= pk–k|fWofks (Lecturer_
$=;xfos k|fWofks (Assistant Lecturer)

%= lzIf0f ;xfos(Teaching Assistant)

^= k|lzIfs ( Instructor)
b|i6JoM
s_ lzIf0f ;xfos kbdf s/f/ ;]jfdf dfq kbk"lt{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
v_ lzIf0f ;xfos ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

-s!_ljz]if k|fl1s kb

!_ cfuGt's lzIfs -Visiting Professor_

s'g} sn]h of ljZjljBfnoaf6 ljbf lnO{ j;]sf] AolQm jf cGo s'g} of]Uo AolQm ljZjljBfnodf
cf+lzs ;do sfd ug]{ u/L cfuGt's lzIfssf] -Visiting Professor_ ?kdf lgo'lQm lbg ;lsg]5 .
cfuGt's lzIfsdf dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;x k|fWofks jf k|fWofks ePsf AolQmnfO{ sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] jf tf]lslbPsf] kbflwsf/Ln] dfq lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk, cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

2
 
-v_ clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/Ltkm{
kb >]0fL
!_ k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/x ljlzi6
@_ ;x– k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/x k|yd
#_ pk– k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/x låtLo
$_ ;xfos k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/x t[tLo
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] -s_ / -v_ df pNn]v ePb]lv afx]s sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cfjZostfg';f/ pklgod -!_
df plNnlvt kb / >]0fLeGbf d'lgsf tNnf kbx¿ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6
tf]lsPadf]lhdsf ljleGg ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx¿ /xg ;Sg]5g\ .
%= kb k"lt{ ug]{ tl/sf M
kf]v/f ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf l/Qm /x]sf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf kbx¿ b]xfosf] k|ltof]lutf cg';f/ :yfoL kbk"lt{
ul/g]5 .
-s_ lzIfs tkm{
v'Nnf / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf

-v_ sd{rf/L tk{m

v'Nnf, cfGtl/s / sfo{ bIftf d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df a9'jf k|ltof]lutf M v'Nnf, cfGtl/s / sfo{ bIftf
d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df a9'jf k|ltof]lutfåf/f kbk"lt{ ul/g] ;+Vof sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 .
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cfjZos 7fg]df cGo ljZjljBfno jf lgsfoaf6 lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf Nofpg ;Sg]5 . lghsf] cjlw, tna, ;'ljwf, / cGo ;]jf ;t{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n]
tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .

%u ;dfj]zL kbk"lt{ M
kf]v/f ljZjljBfno ;]jfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] kbk"lt{ ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g] u/L kbk"lt{
ul/g]5 .
-!_ lgod % df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg kf]v/f ljZjljBfno ;]jfnfO{ ;dfj]zL
agfpg lzIf0f tyf k|Zff;lgs ;]jfdf v'Nnftkm{ %%k|ltzt / ;dfj]zL ;d"xtkm{ $% k|ltzt kb
ljefhg u/L kbk"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-@_ pk lgod -!_ sf] k|ltzt adf]lhd kb ;+Vofsf] lgwf{/0f ljZjljBfnosf] sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f
u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ ljZjljBfnosf] lzIf0f tyf k|zf;lgs ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLsf] l;4fGt s]jn k|j]z ljGb'df dfq nfu" ul/g]5
. k|j]z ljGb' eGgfn] lzIf0f ;]jftkm{ pk k|fWofks jf ;f] ;/xsf / ;f]eGbf d'gLsf kbx¿df / k|zf;g
;]jftkm{ ;xfos k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/xsf / ;f]eGbf d'gLsf kbx¿nfO{ a'emfpg]5 .


bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt, ;ftf}+] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg

3
 
-#s_ lzIf0f ;]jftkm{sf ;x–k|fWofks jf ;f] ;/x / k|fWofks jf ;f] ;/xsf kb k|fl1s ljlzi6tfsf kb
ePsfn] ;dfj]zL nfu" x'g]5}g .
-$_ ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg pklgod -!_ df Joj:yf ePsf] ;dfj]zL ;d"xtkm{sf] $%
k|ltztnfO{ zt k|ltzt dfgL b]xfo adf]lhd juL{s[t pDd]bjf/ aLr 5'§f5'§} k|lt:kwf{sf cfwf/df
b]xfo cg';f/ kbk"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-s_ dlxnf ## k|ltzt
-v_ cflbjf;L @& k|ltzt
-u_ dw]zL @@ k|ltzt
-3_ blnt ( k|ltzt
-ª_ ckfË % k|ltzt
-r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q $ k|ltzt
-%_ pklgod $ sf] k|of]hgsf] lglDt juL{s[t pDd]bjf/ If]qsf] cy{ / k|of]u g]kfn ;/sf/n] ls6fg u/]sf]
cy{ / k|of]u cg';f/ x'g]5 .
-^_ pklgod $ adf]lhd 5'6\ofOPsf] kbsf] lj1fkg kZrft k|lt:kwf{Tds 5gf}6 k|lqmofsf] lnlvt jf
cGtjf{tf{af6 pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ l;kmfl/; x'g;Sg] cj:yf g/x]df To:tf] kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{
x'g] kbdf ;dfj]z u/L kbk"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-&_ ljZjljBfnosf] lzIf0f tyf k|zf;lgs ;]jfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg] k|of]hgsf lglDt b]xfosf k|lqmofut
Joj:yf ;d]t nfu" ul/g]5 .
-s_ v'Nnf tyf ;dfj]zL tkm{sf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] plQ0ff{Í %) k|ltzt x'g]5 .
-v_ v'Nnf / ;dfj]zL tkm{sf] lnlvt k/LIff Ps} ;dodf Pp6} k|Zgkqaf6 lnOg]5 . k/LIffsf] glthf
of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df k|sflzt ul/g]5 .
-u_ lnlvt k/LIffdf pQL0f{ pDd]bjf/sf] ;"lr cGtjf{tf{sf nflu k|sflzt ul/g]5 / ;f]sf] ;+Vof b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-!_ Ps hgf rflxPdf # hgf;Dd
-@_ b'O{ hgf rflxPdf % hgf;Dd
-#_ tLg hgf rflxPdf & hgf;Dd
-$_ rf/ jf ;f]eGbfeGbf a9L rflxPdf ;f] ;+Vofsf] bf]Aa/;Dd

-3_ kb k"lt{sf nflu clGtd glthf k|sfzg ubf{ v'Nnftkm{ pQL0f{ x'g] pDd]bjf/sf] gfdfjnL ;dfj]zL
;d"xaf6 :jtM x6fO{g]5 . ;f] ubf{ qmdzM dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghftL, dw]zL, blnt, ckfË,
lk5l8Psf] If]qsf] qmdn] k|sflzt ul/g]]5 . o;/L gfdfjnL k|sflzt Pp6f ;d"xaf6 lgo'lQmsf]
nflu l;kmfl/; eO{ ;s]kl5 ;f] pDd]bjf/sf] gfdfjnL cGo ;d"xaf6 :jtM x6fOg]5 .
-5_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;]jf k|j]z ljGb'sf] kbk"lt{sf] clGtd glthf k|sfzg ubf{ pko'Qm
;+Vofdf j}slNks pDd]bjf/x¿sf] gfdx¿ ;d]t k|sfzg ul/g]5 . j}slNks pDd]bjf/sf] ;+Vof
ljZjljBfno=;]jf cfof]un] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-*_ o; pk lgodsf] k|of]hgsf nflu lk5l8Psf] If]q eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf /fhkqdf
k|sfzg u/L lk5l8Psf] If]q tyf lhNNff egL tf]lsPsf lhNnfnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-(_ pklgod $ adf]lhd 5'6\ofOPsf kbdf b/vf:t lb+bf b]xfosf cfwf/df lbg' kg]{5 .
-s_ cflbjf;L÷hghfltsf xsdf g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fg P]gdf ;"lrs[t
ePsf] hfltsf] xsdf ;f] P]gsf] ;"rLsf] cfwf/df, t/ g]kfn cflbjf;L÷hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o
k|lti7fg P]gdf ;"lrs[t ePsf] hfltleq Ps eGbf a9L y/x¿ ePdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf]
k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 ;"lrs[t ePsf] hflt leqsf] y/ egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{
b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{kg]{5 .


cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

4
 -v_ blntsf xsdf /fli6«o blnt cfof]uaf6 ;"lrs[t ePsf] hfltsf] xsdf ;f]xL ;"rLsf] cfwf/df, t/
/fli6«o blnt cfof]uaf6 ;"lrs[t ePsf] hfltleq Ps eGbf a9L y/x¿ ePdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo
txsf] k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 ;"lrs[t ePsf] hflt leqsf] y/ egL k|dfl0ft
u/fO{ b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-u_ ckfËsf xsdf :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] l;kmfl/;df ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\af6 ckfËtf k|dfl0ft u/]sf]
cfwf/df,
3_ dw]zLsf xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s] adf]lhdsf] ;+:yfaf6
dw]zL egL k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfwf/df,
t/, g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;+:yf gtf]s];Dd ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] k|d'vsf]
l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 dw]zL egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{ b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-ª_ pk lgod -$r_ adf]lhd lk5l8Psf] If]qsf] xsdf pk lgod * df pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf
lhNnfdf :yfoL a;f]af; pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt lhNnfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq tyf
;DalGwt ufFpkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfaf6 xfn ;f]xL :yfgdf :yfoL af;f]jf; ePsf] egL k|dfl0ft
u/]sf] cfwf/df .
-!)_ pk lgod -$_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps k|ltzt eGbf sd 3ftfª\s -k|mofS;g_ cfPdf To:tf]
3ftfª\s h'g ;d"xsf] xsdf cfPsf] xf] ;f] eGbf nuQ} kl5sf] ;d"xdf ;b}{ hfg]5 .
-!!_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pk lgod $-ª_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf] kb
s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] sfdsf nflu tf]lsP adf]lhdsf ckfËx¿ jLr k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg] u/L
k|lt:kwf{Tds k/LIffåf/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-!@_ pk lgod -&r_ adf]lhd clGtd glthf k|sfzg ubf{ ;]jf cfof]un] lnPsf] ;dfg:t/sf] PseGbf
a9L kbsf] k/LIffdf pQL0f{ x'g] pDd]bjf/nfO{ bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L klxn] glthf k|sfzg x'g] Ps kbdf
dfq ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .

3_ ;]jf kl/jt{g ;DaGwL Aoj:yf M
ljZjljBfnodf :yfoL ;]jfdf sfo{/t lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx? ;]jf cfof]usf] v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{df ;fd]n
eO{ :yfoL ?kdf ;]jf kl/jt{g ug{ rfx]df lghsf] ;]jfsf] calw pkbfg / lga[lQe/0f k|of]hgsf nflu
u0fgf ul/g]5 .

^=lgo'lQm / a9'jfsf nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g cfjZos of]Uotf M

-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm / a9'jfsf nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g cfjZos of]Uotf lzIfssf xsdf
k|fl1s kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] / sd{rf/Lsf xsdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5
.
-@_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] kbdf lzIfs / sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm tyf a9'jfsf nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ lgo'lQm tyf
a9'jfsf cfwf/x¿ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df ;]jf cfof]uåf/f tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .

&= lgo'lQmsf] Joj:yf M

-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\åf/f lgo'lQm /
a9'jf ul/g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;]jf cfof]uaf6 l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ lgo'lQm ug{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n]
cfkm}+ jf s'g} kbflwsf/L jf clVtof/jfnf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .


5}6f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

5
 -#_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf lgol'Qm jf a9'jf ePsf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] glthf k|sfzg ePsf ldltn] !%
lbgleq lgo'lQmkq jf a9'jfkq a'lem;Sg'kg]{5 / To:tf] kq a'em]sf] ldltn] !% lbgleq tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf
xflh/ eO;Sg'kg]{5 . ;f]adf]lhd gePdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf :jtM /2 x'g]5 .

*= k/LIf0f sfnM
ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf kbx?df :yfoL lgo'lQm ubf{ ! jif{sf] k/LIf0fsfndf /xg] u/L ul/g]5 . ;f] cjlwdf
lghsf] sfo{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gePsf] dgfl;j Joxf]/f sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\df k]z x'g cfPdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n]
lghsf] lgo'lQm /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 . cfGtl/s jf sfo{bIftfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf ePsf] kbdf eg] k/LIf0fsfn
/xg] 5}g .

(= c:yfoL / s/f/df lgo'lQm M

!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf l/Qm /x]sf s'g} klg kb tTsfn kbk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ cj:Yff cfPdf ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]sf]
sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L sfo{sf/L kl/ifbn] jf tf]lslbPsf] kbflwsf/Ln] ;f] l/Qm kbdf Ps jif{;Ddsf nflu
c:yfoL jf s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 . lghsf] ;]jf ljZjljBfnonfO{ cfjZos k/]df / lghsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf] kfOPdf k|To]s jif{df gljs/0f ug]{ u/L j9Ldf tLg jif{;Dd
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] jf tf]lslbPsf] kbflwsf/Ln] ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/tf ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;]jfsf] gljs/0f tf]lsPsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kbk"lt{ ubf{ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf lj1fkg u/L k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
#_ pklgod -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg lj1fkg ubf{ ;d]t kbk"lt{ x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf jf
lj1, ljif]if1 ;]jf lng'kg]{ ePdf ;]jf cfof]u;Fu k/fdz{ lnO{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] :jLs[ltdf s/f/df lgo'lQm
lbg ;lsg]5 .
$_ o; lgod adf]lhd s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'Qm ePsf] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L Pj+ lj1 ljif]z1sf] ;]jf, ;t{ /
;'ljwf s/f/df tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!)=============


!!= sfod–d'sfod;DaGwL Joj:yf M
-!_ ljZjljBfnosf] kbflwsf/Lsf] kb s'g} sf/0faf6 l/Qm x'g cfPdf k|fl1s tyf k|zf;lgs dof{bfdf c;/
gkg]{ u/L sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf sfo{/t :yfoL lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Lx¿dWo]af6 s;}nfO{ sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd u/]sf] kbsf] z'? tnasf] c+sdf tna lb+bf lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna eGbf
sd x'g] ePdf vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnadf g36\g] u/L sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tna ldnfg ug]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd ul///x]sf] JolQm sfod d'sfod ePs} cj:yfdf ;]jfaf6
cjsfz x'Fbfsf avt lgj[lQe/0f, pkbfg / cGo ;]jf ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ubf{ sfod d'sfod x'g' cl3 sfo{/t
kbsf] lx;fjn] dfq ;]jf ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{5 .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f x6fOPsf],  t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,  kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt, ;ftf}+] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt
 cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

6
!@= lgldQ eO{ sfd ug]{ M
-!_ ljZjljBfnosf s'g} kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L s'g} sf/0fn] cg'kl:yt x'g'kg]{ cj:yfdf cfkm"d'lgsf sfd
ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lgldQ eO{ sfd ug]{ u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
+-@_ pklgod -!_ ad]flhd lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf]df !% lbgeGbf sd cjlwsf nflu s'g} ;'ljwf lbOg] 5}g .
!% lbgeGbf a9L sfd u/]df sfd u/]s]f kbsf] z'¿ tnadfg ad]flhd tnaeQf lbOg]5 .

kl/R5]b–#
;]jfsf] ;'/Iff
!#=lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff M
b]xfosf cj:yfdf afx]s cGo s'g} cj:yfdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;kmfOsf] ;a'b lbg] dgfl;a dflkmssf]
df}sf glbO{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ul/g] 5}g M
-s_ efuL kQf gnfu]sf] jf c? s'g} sf/0fn] ;Dks{ :yflkt ug{ c;Dej ePsf] cj:yf .
-v_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf] cj:yf .

!$= ;]jfzt{sf] ;'/Iff M

s'g} klg lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] lgo'lQm x'Fbf tTsfn nfu" /x]sf] tna, pkbfg, lgj[lQe/0f;DaGwL
zt{x¿df lghnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .

!%= kbflwsf/ sfod /xg] M

b]xfosf cj:yfdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ls]f kbflwsf/ sfod /xg]5 M
-s_ cfkm"n] lgo'lQm kfPs]f kbdf sfdsfh u/L /xFbf;Dd .
-v_ labfdf a;]sf] avt .
-u_ lgnDagdf /x]s]f avt .
-3_ sfhdf v6fOPs]f avt .
-ª_ sfodd'sfod eO{ sfd u/]s]f avt .
-r_ csf]{ kbdf ;?jf eO{ sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg kfOg] Dofb;Dd .

kl/R5]b–$
;?jf

!^= ;?jf;DjGwL Joj:yfM
-!_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZjljBfnosf] Ps lgsfoaf6 csf]{ lgsfodf ;dfg txsf] csf]{ kbdf ;?jf
jf kb:yfkg ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L ;?jf ubf{sf] cj:yfdf lgh lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ a9Ldf & lbgsf]
tof/L Dofb lbOg]5 .

@_ s'g} lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZostf / cf}lrTo cg';f/ ljZjljBfnosf] Ps lgsfoaf6 csf]{ lgsfodf
jf ;dfg txsf] csf]{ kbdf ;?jf jf kb:yfkg ljZjljBfnosf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ul/g]5 .
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,  t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

7
 -#_ ;]jf cfof]usf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;?jf jf gofF sd{rf/Lsf] kb:yfkg ubf{ ;]jf cfof]u;Fu
k"j{ ;xdlt lnOg]5 .

!&= ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/L M

P]gadf]lhd x'g]df afx]s b]xfosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf clwsf/Ln] ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M
-s_ lzIfssf] ;?jf ug'{k/]df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 /lh:6f/n] ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-v_ s'g} sd{rf/L jf lzIfsnfO{ Pp6} ;ÍfocGtu{t ;?jf ug'{k/]df ;DalGwt 8Lgn] ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-u_ s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZjljBfnosf] Ps lgsfoaf6 csf]{ lgsfodf /lh:6f/n] ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!*= sfhdf k7fpg ;lsg] M

-!_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZjljBfnosf] Ps lgsfoaf6 csf]{ lgsfodf / ljZjljBfno aflx/sf] s'g}
;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L sfo{fnodf sfhdf k7fpg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZjljBfno aflx/sf] s'g} ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L sfof{nodf b'O{
dxLgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf nflu sfhdf k7fpFbf ;fwf/0ftM a]tnaL sfh x'g]5 . ;]jf cjlwe/df a]tnaL
sfh k7fpg] cjlwsf] xb sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd a]tnaL sfhdf k7fpFbf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgo'lQm x'g] kbdf afx]s cGoq sfhdf
uPsf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] sfhdf lng] sfof{nodf lgwf{l/t tnasf] !) -b;_ k|ltzt /sd dxLg} lkR5]
sfhdf lng] sfof{non] kf]v/f ljZjljBfnonfO{ a''emfpg'kg]{5 . o;/L k|fKt /sd ljZjljBfnosf] pkbfg /
lgj[lQe/0f sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g]5 . ljZjljBfnoeGbf aflx/ a]tnaL sfhdf /x]sf] v08df ;f] cjlwsf] nflu
ljZjljBfnoaf6 k|bfg ul/g] 3/ labf, lj/fdL labf, cf}ifwL pkrf/ h:tf ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot k|bfg ul/g]
5}g .

!(= sfh v6fpg ;Sg] clwsf/ M

ljZjljBfno aflx/sf s'g} ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L lgsfodf ljZjljBfnosf s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgsfo
k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df /lhi6f/n] a]tnaL sfh v6fpg ;Sg]5g\ .

kl/R5]b–%
labf
@)=labfsf k|sf/ M
ljZjljBfonsf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf labfsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 M
-s_ 3/ labf .
-v_ la/fdL labf .
-u_ k|;"lt labf / k|;"lt;]jf labf .
-3_ kj{ labf .
-ª_ e}k/L cfpg] labf .
-r_ lqmof labf .


bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

8
 -5_ cWoog labf .
-h_ :jfWoog labf .
-em_ c;fwf/0f labf .
-`_ ljz]if labf .
-6_ ;§f labf .
-7_ :yfgLo ;fj{hlgs labf .

@!=3/labf M

-!_ jif]{ jf lxpFb] labf gkfpg] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] jif{sf] #) lbg 3/labf kfpg]5g\ . t/ 3/labfdf a:g'eGbf
klxn] k"j{:jLs[lt lng' clgjfo{ x'g]5 . e}k/L, rf8kj{, la/fdL, k|;'tL, k|;'tL ;]jf / lqmoflabfafx]s c¿ labfdf
a:g]n] labf cjlwsf] 3/labf kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ 3/labf a9Ldf !%) lbg;Dd ;l~rt /xg]5 . o;/L ;l~rt /x]sf] 3/ labfdWo] !@) lbgeGbf a9L ;l~rt
/x]sf] labfafkt ;DalGwt lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] b/n] Ps jif{df #) lbgdf ga9fO{
3/labfafktsf] /sd cfly{s jif{ cGTo ePkl5 kfpg]5g\ .

@@ =la/fdL labf M

-!_ kf]v/f ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf ;]jf/t lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|lt jif{ !% lbgsf] k"/f tnaL labf lbOg]5 .
of] labf hlt;'s} klg ;+lrt /xg]5 . & lbgeGbf a9L cjlwsf] la/fdL labf j:g' kbf{ dfGotf k|fKt
lrlsT;ssf] l;kmfl/z k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} 7"nf] jf s8f /f]u nfuL pkrf/ ug'{kg]{ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;l~rt la/fdL labf tyf 3/labfaf6
gk'u ePdf lghn] kl5 sfd u/L kfpg] 3/labf jf la/fdL labfaf6 s§f x'g] u/L a9Ldf ^) lbg;Dds]f
k]ZsL la/fdL labf kfpg]5g\ .
-#_ pklgod @@ -@_ ad]flhds]f la/fdL labf ;d]taf6 gk'u eO{ yk la/fdL labf lng kg]{ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln]
z'¿b]lv pkrf/ u/L cfPs]f ljj/0f;lxts]f k|];ls|K;g;lxt lgj]bg u/]df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] t]fs]s]f :jLs[t
lrlsT;sx¿s]f ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]df ;Dk"0f{ ;]jf cjlw e/df ! jif{;Dd tnaL la/fdL labf lbg
;lsg]5 .

@#= k|;"lt labf / k|;"lt;]jf labf M


-!_ ljZjljBfnosf] s'g}klg ;]jfdf sfo{/t s'g} dlxnf lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ue{jtL ePdf lghn] ;'Ts]/Lsf]
cl3kl5 u/L (* -cG7fgAa]_ lbg;Ddsf] k|;'lt ljbf kfpg]5 .
-@_===========

-#_ ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t k'?if lzIfs jf sd{rf/LsL kTgL k|;'tL x'Fbf To:tf k'?if lzIfs jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jf cjlwe/df b'O{ k6s !%÷!% lbgsf] k|;'tL ;]jf ljbf lbOg]5 .

$_ k|;'tL labf tyf k|;'tL ;]jf labf lng] lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ a9Ldf @ ;Gtfg ;DdnfO{ Ps ;Gtfgsf] ?=
%,))).– -kfFr xhf/_ sf b/n] k|;'lt :ofxf/ vr{ pknAw x'g]5 . t/ c:yfoL / s/f/ ;]jfdf /xL @ jif{
lg/Gt/ ;]jf u/]sfn] dfq of] ;'ljwf Ps k6s pkef]u ug{ ;Sg]5 .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,  t];|f] ;+zf]wgaf6 yk, 5}6f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f x6fOPsf],

9
 
%_ ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf x'g] u/L pklgod ! cg';f/sf] ljbf lng' cufl8 jf k5fl8 u/L -nuftf/_ ^ dlxgf
;Ddsf] j]tnaL ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .

@$= kj{ labf M


-!_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] jif{el/df a9Ldf ^ -5_ lbg;Ddsf] tnaL kj{ labf kfpg]5g\ . of] labf cfwf lbg
klg lng ;lsg]5 .
-@_ kj{ labf ;l~rt u/L csf]{ jif{ lng ;lsg]5}g .

@%= e}k/L cfpg] labf M


lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ! jif{df a9Ldf ( lbg;Ddsf] e}k/L labf kfpg]5g\ . b}jL jf cfsl:ds k/]sf]df afx]s
e}k/L cfpg] labf k"j{:jLs[ltlagf a:g kfOg] 5}g / of] labf ;l~rt x'g]5}g . of] labf cfwf lbg klg lng
;lsg]5 . e}k/L labfdf a:g] lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg] 5 .

@^= lqmoflabf M
-!_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] afa', cfdf, nf]Ug] jf :jf:gL,5f]/f jf cljjflxt 5f]/Lsf] d[To' eO{ cfkm}F lsl/of
a:g' k/]df To:tf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ s'nwd{ cg';f/ sfhlsl/of ug{ a9Ldf !% lbg;Ddsf] k"/f tnaL
lsl/of labf lbOg]5 .
-@_ cljjflxt dlxnf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] afa' jf cfdfsf] d[To' ePdf !% -kGw|_ lbg;Ddsf] lsl/of labf
lbOg]5 . dlxnf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] nf]Ug] cfkm}F lsl/of a:g' k/]df dlxnf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg
;f]xLcg';f/ labf lbOg]5 .
-#_ lsl/of labfdf a:g] lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5g\ .

@&= cWoog ljbfM

-!_ljZjljBfnodf :yfoL ;]jfdf /x]sf] s'g} klg lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ tnaL cWoog labf lbg ;lsg]5 . t/
%) jif{sf] pd]/ gf3]sf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps jif{eGbf a9L cjlwsf] cWoog labf lbOg] 5}g . lgod
*-!_ adf]lhdsf] k/LIf0fsfn ;dfKt geP;Dd cWoog labfsf] ;'ljwf pknAw x'g] 5}g . t/ ljZjljBfnosf]
cfjZostfcg'?k ljZjljBfnon] dufPsf] jf k|fKt l;6df cWoog ug{ k7fpg eg] o;n] afwf ug]{ 5}g .
-@_ ljZjljBfnon] dufPsf] jf ljZjljBfnosf lgldQ k|fKt ePsf] j}b]lzs 5fqj[lQdf ljZjljBfnotkm{af6
dgf]lgt ePsf] lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cWoogsf nflu k7fPsf]df z}lIfs pkflw kfpg] u/L ! z}lIfs jif{ jf
;f]eGbf a9L cjlwsf nflu k7fpg] ePdf cWoog labf lbOg]5 . z}lIfs pkflw gkfpg] cWoog ePdf jf !
jif{eGbf sd cjlwsf] cWoog ePdf jf tflnd dfq ePdf cWoog sfhsf ¿kdf k7fOg]5 . To:tf] cWoog
sfhsf nflu b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf jf cGo ljQLo ;'ljwf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,  t];|f] ;+zf]wgaf6 yk,  5}6f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,  ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg
 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f x6fOPsf]

10
 -@s_ :j]lR5s sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;dfGotof ^ dlxgf cufj} :jLs[lt lnO{ cWoog ug]{ lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{
;DalGwt cWoog ;Ífo jf cGo lgsfosf nflu pkof]uL x'g] z}lIfs sfo{qmdsf nflu dfq cWoog labf
lbOg]5 . To:tf] cWoog labfsf nflu lgj]bg lbg] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ;DalGwt k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;;lxt
sf/0f pNn]v ul/Psf] lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . cWoog labf kfpg] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] cWoogdf
;Gtf]ifhgs k|ult u/]sf] 5}g eGg] ljZjljBfnon] 7x/ u/]df s'g} klg avt cWoog k"/f gu/L kms]{/ cfPdf
To; cjlwe/ k|fKt u/]sf] tna, 5fqa[lQ / cGo ;'ljwf afkt lnPsf] /sd kmsf{pg' kg]{5 . ;fy} Tolt
cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .

-#_ cWoog labf cfˆgf] ;]jf cjlwe/df Ps jf k6s k6s u/L % jif{eGbf a9L x'g]5}g .
-$_ cWoog labf kfPsf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] cWoog kZrft\ b]xfodf pNn]v eP adf]lhd ljZjljBfnodf
/xL ;]jf ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]xL cg';f/ lghx¿nfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhd sa'lnot u/fpg' kg]{5 .
cWoog cjlw @ jif{ cyjf To;eGbf sd ePdf # jif{
cWoog cjlw @ jif{eGbf a9L ePdf % jif{
-%_ cWoog labfdf a:g] s'g} klg lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cWoog labfsf] cjlwdf klg ;]jf cjlwdf ;l~rt x'g]
la/fdL labf kfpg]5g\ .
-^_ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cfjZos b]v]df Ps cfly{s jif{df cWoog labf lbg ;lsg] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf]
clwstd xb tf]Sg]5 .
-&_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd cWoog labfdf hfg] afx]s c¿ sfo{qmddf a]tnaL cWoog labf lnO{ hfg rfxg]
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f -cWoog ug]{ ljifo, cjlw, k/LIff cflb_ / ;DalGwt
lgsfosf] l;kmfl/;;lxt ^ dlxgf cufj} cfj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . sfof{nosf] sfddf jfwf gkg]{ b]lvPdf dfq
cWoog labf lbg ;lsg]5 .

-*_ o; lgod adf]lhd ljZjljBfno ;]jf cjlwe/ Ps k6s klg cWoog labfdf ga;]sf] sd{rf/L / o;
lgodsf cltl/Qm lgod @* adf]lhd :jfWoog ljbf Ps k6s klg lng gkfPsf] lzIfs Go"gtd @) jif{
;]jf cjlw k"/f u/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfz x'+bf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] ^ -5_ dlxgfsf] tna j/j/sf] /sd o:tf lzIfs
sd{rf/LnfO{ lbO{g]5 . :jfWofog labf pkef]u u/L ;s]sf] lzIfsx?sf] xsdf :jfWoog labf a;]sf] cjlw
s§f u/L ^ -5_ dlxgfsf] tnasf] bfdf;fxLn] x'g] /sd lbOg]5 .

@*= :jfWoog labfM


-!_ k"/f ;do sfd ug]{ ljZjljBfnos]f :yfoL lzIfsn] cfˆg]f cfjZostf cg'¿k cfˆg]f k]zfut z}lIfs
o]fUotf a9fpg / cWoog–cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL sfd ug{ ljZjljBfnosf sfddf afwf gkg]{ u/L :jfWoog
labf kfpg ;Sg]5 . o:tf] labf :jLs[t u/fpg'k"j{ ;DalGwt lzIfsn] k]zfut z}lIfs of]Uotf a9fpg jf
cg';Gwfg;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ k|:tfljt sfo{ of]hgf cfˆgf] lgsfo k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;;lxt /lhi6f/ ;dIf k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 . /lhi6f/n] lj1åf/f k|:tfljt sfo{of]hgfsf] d"NofÍg u/fO{ :jLs[lt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ ljZjljBfnodf & jif{;Dd :yfoL ;]jf k"/f ul/;s]sf :yfoL lzIfsnfO{ k|To]s &–& jif{s]f cGt/fndf !
k6sdf ! jif{df ga9fO{ a9Ldf @ k6s;Dd :jfWoog labf lbg ;lsg]5 . o:tf] labfdf a:bf ljZjljBfno
jf cGo ;/sf/L jf cw{–;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf tna jf cGo ;'ljwf jf kfl/>lds lnO{ jf glnO{
sfd ug{ kfpg] 5}g . t/ /fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k|fKt x'g] k|fl1s lsl;dsf] cWoog jf cg';Gwfg
;DaGwL km]nf]l;ksf nflu dgf]gog eO{ :jfWoog labf pkef]u ug]{ lzIfsnfO{ tf]lsPsf] kfl/>lds lngaf6
al~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ :jfWoog labf lng rfxg] lzIfsn] labf dfu ub{f cfkm"n] ug{ rfx]s]f cg';Gwfg sfo{ jf z}lIfs o]fUotf jf
cWoog jf kf7\ok':ts tof/ ug]{ o]fhgfs]f lj:t[t ljj/0f k|:t't ug'{kg]{5 .

 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,  5}6f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

11
 -$_ :jfWoog labf lbg'k"j{ lghsf ;§fdf csf]{ ;§f lzIfs /fVbf cfOkg]{ yk cfly{s Jooef/nfO{ dgg u/L
ljZjljBfnon] Joxf]g{ ;Sg] g;Sg] l:yltdf lge{/ /xg]5 .
-%_ :jfWoog labf lzIfsnfO{ cfTdf]]Ggltsf lgldQ lbOg] Ps ;'ljwf dfq x]f clwsf/ x]fOg .
-^_ :jfWoog labfdf a:g] lzIfsn] cfˆg]f tnasf] cfwf /sd dfq kfpg]5 .

@(= c;fwf/0f -a]tnaL labf_ M
s'g} ljbf afFsL g/x]df jf ;DalGwt :yfoL lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] c;fw/0f -a]tnaL_ ljbf kfpg dgfl;a
sf/0f ;lxt lgj]bg u/]df ;Dk"0f{ ;]jf cjlwdf clwstd # jif{;Dd ;]jf cjlw ghf]l8g] u/L c;fwf/0f
-a]tnaL_ labf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .

#)=ljz]if labf M
k]fv/f ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf $ jif{;Dd ;]jf/t :yfoL lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ls]f cWoog / c;fwf/0f labfafx]s
cGo labf afFsL g/x]sf cj:yfdf cfwf tna–eQf kfpg] u/L ! jif{df #) lbgdf ga9fO{ g]fs/L cjlw e/df
!@ dlxgf;Dd ljz]if labf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .

#!=;§f labf M
;fj{hlgs labfsf lbgdf sfddf nufOg] lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;§f labf lbOg]5 . ;fj{hlgs labfsf lbgdf
sfd ug'{ kbf{ sfd ug]{ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] pQm labfsf lbgdf ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] ljj/0f;lxt k"j{ :jLs[lt lnP/
sfo{ ug{' kg]{5 . ;fj{hlgs labfsf lbgdf sfd u/] a/fa/ ;§f labf lbOg]5 .

#@= :yfgLo ;fj{hlgs labf M

ljZjljBfnon] jif{e/Ldf a9Ldf $ lbg;Dd :yfgLo ;fj{hlgs labf lbg ;Sg]5 . o:tf] labfsf] lbg gofF jif{
k|f/De x'g'k"j{ tf]Sg] clwsf/ ljZjljBfnosf /lhi6«f/nfO{ x'g]5 .

##= labf ;l~rt x'g] M

s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfleqsf] Ps kbaf6 csf]{ kbdf ;?jf, a9'jf jf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf]
;f] ;?jf, a9'jf jf lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] avt ;l~rt /x]sf ;a} lsl;dsf labf gofF kbdf axfn u/L ;~ro u/]sf]
labf ;/x dflgg]5 .

#$= labf pkef]u ug{ gkfpg] M

o; lgodfjnLdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 cTofjZos ;]jf egL tf]lsPsf
sd{rf/Lx¿n] s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs labf pkef]u ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ t/ ;f]afkt lghx¿n] ! jif{df &) lbgsf]
;§f labf kfpg] 5g\ . cfly{s jif{sf cGTodf pkef]u gu/L afFsL /x]sf] ;§f labfsf] /sd vfOkfO{ cfPsf]
tnasf] cg'kftdf lbOg]5 .

#$s= ;fj{hlgs ljbf ufleg] M
e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf, lj/fdL ljbf / 3/ ljbf jfx]s c? s'g} k|sf/sf] ljbf lnO{ a;]sf] ljZjljBfnosf]
lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] ljbf cjlw leq ;fj{hlgs ljbf k/]df ;f] cjlw klg lgh lzIfs sd{rf/Ln]
lnPsf] ljbfdf kl/0ft x'g]5 .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,  5}6f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,

12
#%= labf clwsf/sf ¿kdf gx'g] M
labf clwsf/sf ¿kdf dflgg] 5}g . ljZjljBfnosf sfddf afwf gkg]{ u/L lbOg] ;'ljwf dfq dflgg]5 . la/fdL
labf, lqmof labf / ;'Ts]/L g} x'Fbfsf] k|;"lt labfafx]s s'g} klg labf k"j{:jLs[ltlagf pkef]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

#^= labf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L M

-!_ tf]lsPsf] clVtof/jfnfn] labf :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 t/ cWoog / c;fwf/0f labf pks'nkltn] :jLs[t
ug]{5g\ .
-@_ ljZjljBfnon] cTofjZos / pko'Qm 7fg]df cWoog labfdf a;]sf s'g} klg lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lkmtf{
af]nfO{ ljZjljBfnosf] sfd jf ;]jfdf nufpg ;Sg]5 .

#&= labfsf] /sd e'QmfgL kfpg] M

la/fdL labf / 3/labf ;l~rt /x]sf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6
x6fOPdf jf lgh ;]jfd'Qm ePdf klg lghn] ;]jfd'Qm x'Fbfsf cj:yfsf] kbcg';f/s]f b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd
;DalGwt lzIfs / sd{rf/L jf lghn] OR5\ofOPsf] JolQm jf glhssf] xsjfnfnfO{ e'QmfgL lbOg]5 .

#*= labfsf] clen]v M

sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvfn] ljZjljBfnodf sfd ug]{ lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx¿sf] labfsf] clen]v /fVg'kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–^
tna, eQf, bz}+ vr{, cf}iflw pkrf/ tyf cGo ;'ljwfx¿
#(= tna eQf M

-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf axfn ePsf kbflwsf/L, lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbdf axfnL u/]sf lbgb]lv
axfnL u/]sf kbsf] tna, eQf / cGo ;'ljwf kfpg]5g\ . k|To]s cfly{s jif{df clgjfo{ ?kdf tf]lsPsf]
9fFrfdf tnaL k|ltj]bg kfl/t u/fP/ dfq kbflwsf/L, lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ tna eQf v'jfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf lgo'Qm ePsf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf /xL sfd u/]afkt kfpg]
tna, eQf / cGo ;'ljwf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ;do–;dodf tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-#_ lgodadf]lhd ;hfFo kfPsf] jf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s k|To]s :yfoL lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] Ps
jif{sf] ;]jf k'/f u/]kl5 jif{sf] Ps u|]8 j[l4 ;lxtsf] tna j[l4 kfpg]5g\ . o; k|sf/ ;DalGwt lzIfs
sd{rf/Ln] lgo'lQm kfPsf] jf j9'jf ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df s'g} klg dlxgfsf] !% ut]leq lgo'lQm kfPsf]
jf j9'jf ePsf] eP ;f]xL dlxgfaf6 / !^ ut] kl5 lgo'lQm kfPsf] jf j9'jf ePsf] ePdf lgs6td
kl5Nnf] dlxgfaf6 u|]8 /sd kfpg] jf u|]8 j[l4 kfpg]5g\ . u|]8sf] ;+Vof / /sd sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n]
tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-$_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t :yfoL lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L a9'jf jf kbf]Gglt ePdf a9'jf jf kbf]Gglt
x'g'k"j{sf] kbdf /xFbf vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna a/fa/ ePdf jf ;f]eGbf clws ePdf a9'jf jf kbf]Gglt ePsf]
kbsf] tnadfg tf]Sbf b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]u/L tf]lsg]5 .
-s_ a9'jf jf kbf]Gglt x'g'k"j{sf] kbdf -;fljs kbdf_ /xFbf vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna a9'jf jf kbf]Gglt
ePsf] kbsf] z'? tnadfg a/fa/ dfq ePdf Ps u|]8 tna j[l4 yk ul/ lbOg]5 .

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk,  cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

13
 -v_ a9'jf jf kbf]Gglt x'g'k"j{sf] kbdf -;fljs kbdf_ /xFbf vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna a9'jf jf kbf]Gglt ePsf]
kbsf] z'? tnadfg eGbf a9L ePdf a9'jf jf kbf]Gglt ePsf] kbsf] tna tf]Sbf ;fljs kbdf vfOkfO{
cfPsf] tnadf gk'u;Ddsf] u|]8 j[l4 yk u/L a9'jf jf kbf]Gglt ePsf] kbsf] Ps u|]8 tna j[l4 ;d]t
lbOg]5 .

$)=tna–eQfsf] e'QmfgL M
-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s dlxgf ;dfKt x'g'eGbf ;fwf/0ftM a9Ldf %
lbg cufj} tna eQfsf] e'QmfgL kfpg]5g\ .
-@_ s'g} lzIfs, sd{rf/Ln] ksfPs]f tna eQf lgh h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6 ;]jfdf g/x] klg kfpg]5 .
-#_ k]fv/f ljZjljBfno P]g / ;]fcGtu{ts]f lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePs]fdf afx]s s'g} lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ls]f
tnaeQf s§f ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]sf kbx¿df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ kbLo cj:yf x]/L tf]lsP adf]lhd 8«];, ud a'6,
a'6, aiff{b{L, cf]e/sf]6 cflb lbOg]5 .

$!=b}lgs tyf e|d0f–eQf M

lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf l;nl;nfdf e|d0f ug'{kbf{ kfpg] b}lgs tyf e|d0f–eQf tyf
cGo ;'ljwf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .

$@= kl/jfl/s b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf M

lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;?jf x'Fbf kfpg] kfl/jfl/s b}lgs tyf e|d0f–eQf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 tf]lsPadf]lhd
x'g]5 .


$#= lgnDag ePdf kfpg] tna eQf M
-!_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf ;DaGwdf jf kf]v/f ljZjljBfno P]g @)%# tyf
;f]cGtu{tsf lgodfjnL ad]flhd ePsf] sf/afxLsf] kmn:j¿k lgnDag ePdf ;f] lgnDag cjlwe/ lghn]
cfˆgf] tnasf] cfwf tna kfpg]5 . t/ nfu]s]f cf/f]k k|dfl0ft geO{ lghn] ;kmfO{ kfPdf lgnDag /x]sf
cjlwdf cfwf tna kfPs]f eP ;]f s§f u/L / gkfPs]f eP k"/} tnj -tna a[l¢ x'g] eP ;f] ;d]t_ kfpg]5 .
eQf / ;'ljwfsf xsdf sfof{nodf pkl:yt eO{ lnOg] eQf, cfjf; eQf / kbLo ;'ljwf -;~rf/, 6]lnkmf]g,
kqklqsf, ufl8sf] ;'ljwf, O{Gwg, cltly ;Tsf/_ jfx]s dfl;s tna ;+u hf]l8Psf eQf tyf kbLo eQf /
ljbfsf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg kfpg]5 . nfu]s]f cf/]fk 7x/ ePdf lgnDag ePs]f ldltb]lv afFsL tna, s'g}
klg lsl;dsf] eQf / ljbfsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ k]fv/f ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf s'g} lzIfs, sd{rf/L lgod $# -!_ df pNn]lvt sf/0f afx]s cGo s'g} sf/0faf6
lgnDag /xg uPs]f /x]5 eg] lghn] To;/L lgnDjgdf /x]sf cjlws]f tna, eQf / ljbfsf] ;'ljwf kfpg]5}g .

$$= rf8kj{ vr{ M
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf jxfn /x]sf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f cg';f/
dgfOg] rf8kj{sf] nflu lghn] vfOkfO cfPsf] !-Ps_ dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] /sd k|To]s jif{ rf8kj{
vr{sf ¿kdf lbOg]5 . o:tf] /sd lzIfs sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps cfly{s jif{df Ps k6s cfkm\gf] wd{, ;+:s[lt,
k/Dk/f cg';f/ dgfOg] d'Vo rf8kj{sf cj;/df e'QmfgL lbOg]5 . cfkm"n] rf8kj{ vr{ ln+bf d'Vo rf8kj{ /
;f] rf8kj{ kg]{ ;Defljt dlxgfsf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfodf lnlvt ¿kdf hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk, bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,  5}6f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

14
 ^ dlxgfsf] ;]jf k'/f gePsf c:yfoL / s/f/sf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ k]ZsLsf ¿kdf rf8kj{ vr{ lbOg]5 .
/ ^ dlxgf eGbf sd cjlw ;]jf u/L 5f8]df ;f] /sd ;DalGwt lzIfs jf sd{rf/Laf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .

$%= cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{ M


-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf ;]jf/t :yfoL lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\g]f ;]jf cjlwdf lzIfs Pj+ clws[t /
;]feGbf dflysf sd{rf/Ln] kGw| dlxgf a/fa/sf] /sd, ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Ln] c7f/ dlxgf a/fa/ /sd
/ lkog jf ;]f ;/xsf sd{rf/Ln] PSsfO; dlxgf a/fa/sf] /sd cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{ afkt kfpg]5g\ . aL;
jif{sf] cjlwnfO{ ;]jfsf] k"/f cjlw dfgL To;sf] cg'kftdf la/fdL x'g] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] ;]jf
cjlwn] lx;fa u/L o; lgodadf]lhd cf}ifwL pkrf/ vr{ lbOg]5 . cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{ oy]i6 cfwf/ /
k|df0f–kq k|:t't u/L lng kfpg]5 .
-@_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/L jf lghs]f kl/jf/s]f ;b:o la/fdL ePdf pklgod -!_ ad]flhd kfpg] /sddf s§f
x'g]u/L b]xfoad]flhd ePs]f pkrf/ vr{ ljZjljBfnon] lbg]5 M
-s_ /f]us]f pkrf/sf lgldQ :jLs[t lrlsT;sn] hFfr ub{f nfu]s]f z'Ns tyf hfFr u/L n]lvPs]f
k|]l:qmK;g cg';f/ cf}ifwL lsg]sf] vr{ .
-v_ gl;{ªxf]d jf c:ktfndf eg{f xF'bf / pkrf/ xF'bf nfu]sf] lanadf]lhd vr{ .
-#_ eljiodf kf]v/f ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 cof]Uo 7xg]{ u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf afx]s c¿ h'g;'s}
j]x]f/faf6 s'g} lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu xF'bf o; lgodad]flhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{dWo] s]xL lnO{
jf glnO{ pkrf/ vr{ lng afFsL /x]s]f eP To:t]f afFsL /sd Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5g\ .


$%s= c+ue+u ePdf jf rf]6k6s nfu]df kfpg] ;'ljwfM
-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t lzIfs sd{rf/L ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf rf]6k6s nfUg uO{
;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng'kg]{ geP tfklg ;f] rf]6k6ssf] sf/0faf6 lghsf] Ifdtf j[l4nfO{ afwf kg]{ ePdf
To:tf] lzIfs sd{rf/LnfO{ nfu]sf] rf]6k6ssf] cj:yfsf] ljrf/ u/L jf lghsf] d[To' ePdf pkrf/sf]
qmddf nfu]sf] vr{nfO{ ljrf/ u/L sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] cfly{s ;xfotf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] rf]6k6ssf] pkrf/ u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ cjlwe/sf] lgldQ ljZjljBfnosf
lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] s'g}klg ;+lrt labfaf6 labf s§f gx'g]u/L k"/f tna;lxtsf] yk la/fdL labf
kfpg]5 .
-#_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] hfgfhfg cfkm\g} uDeL/ nfk/afxLn] rf]6k6s nufPsf] sf/0fn]
c+ue+u ePsf]df o; lgod adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] pkrf/ vr{ kfpg c:ktfn egf{ ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq bfaL ul/;Sg'kg]{5 .

$^= d/0ff]k/fGt cg'bfg M
-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf :yfoL lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlwdf d[To' ePdf lghsf] glhssf ;uf]ndf
/xL kfng kf]if0f ug]{ xsjfnfnfO{ ?= ! -Ps_ nfv d/0ff]k/fGt cg'bfg k|bfg ul/g] 5 .

$&= bfx ;+:sf/ vr{ M
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf cj:yfdf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] bfx ;+:sf/ afkt
?=%),))) -krf; xhf/_ lgh d[tssf] xsbf/nfO{ lbOg]5 .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg

15
$*=;~ro sf]if ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
-!_ ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/L, :yfoL lzIfs / sd{rf/Ls]f dl;s tnaaf6 b; k|ltztsf b/n] /sd s§f u/L
;]f /sddf ljZjljBfnon] zt k|ltzt /sd yk u/L ;~ro s]fifdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/L, lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ls]f ;~ros]fif s§L tyf yk /sds]f Joj:yf sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\af6 lg0f{o u/L nufgL tyf kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ ;~ros]fifdf hDdf ePs]f /sdaf6 kbflwsf/L lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] Aofh, ;fk6L tyf k]ZsL
;DaGwL ;'ljwfx¿ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] t]fs]adf]lhd x'g]5 .

$(= 6]lnkmf]g, oftfoft / cfjf; ;'ljwf M

ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/L, lzIfs / sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd 6]lnkmf]g, oftfoft /
cfjf; ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .

%)=b'3{6gf / hLjg aLdf M
ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs / sd{rf/Lsf] b'3{6gf / hLjg aLdf ljZjljBfno / lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] of]ubfgdf x'g]5 .
of]ubfgsf] xb, aLdfsf] /sd, o;sf] ;~rfng ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .


%)s= :jf:Yo ljdf M !_ ljZjljBfnosf] :yfoL ;]jfdf sfo{/t ;Dk"0f{ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;fd'lxs
:jf:Yo aLdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifbn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b–&
cjsfz, pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f

%!=clgjfo{ cjsfzM
-!_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] pd]/ ^# jif{ k"/f ePkl5 ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 clgjfo{ cjsfz
lbOg]5 .
-@_ pk lgod ! adf]lhd clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ^# jif{ pd]/ k'Ug' eGbf ^ -5_
dlxgf k"j{ cfkm" sfo{/t ljZjljBfnosf] ;+u7g tyf lgsfo dfkm{t ljZjljBfno s]Gb|Lo k|zf;gn]
hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-#_clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/L tkm{sf] k|zf;s jf ;f] ;/xsf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbsf] kbfjlw % -kfFr_ jif{sf]
dfq x'g]5 .

%@= :j}lR5s cjsfzM
-!_ @) jif{ ;Dd :yfoL ;]jf ul/;s]sf ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] OR5f ePdf
ljZjljBfnon]] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf ! adf]lhd ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng rfxg] lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz lng'
eGbf ^ dlxgf k"j{ cfkm" sfo{/t lgsfo dfkm{t ljZjljBfno s]Gb|Lo k|zf;gnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt,  t]];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk,  5}6f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg
;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk,  cf7f}}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

16

%@s= cjsfz kq M
o; lgodfjnLsf] lgod %! / %@ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng] s'g} lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ cjsfz
kq lbg] clwsf/ ljZjljBfnosf /lhi6«f/nfO{ x'g]5 .

%@v= clwsf/ kq ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
o; lgodfjnLsf] lgod %# adf]lhd pkbfg, lgj[lQe/0f, kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f nufotsf ;'ljwf /
j[lQsf] /sd k|fKt ug]{ cjsfz k|fKt lzIfs sd{rf/LnfO{ pNn]lvt ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/kq ;DalGwt
sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;df ljZjljBfno s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cGtu{tsf] tf]lsPsf] zfvf dxfzfvfaf6 pknAw
x'g]5 .

%#= pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0fM
pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f ljZjljBfnosf] bL3{sfnLg cfly{s bfloTj ePsf] x'Fbf ljZjljBfno / lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Lsf] ;+o'Qm of]ubfgdf Ps pkbfg–lgj[lQe/0f sf]if v8f u/L plrt k|ltkmn lbg] s'g} ljQLo
;+:yfdf /sd hDdf ub}{ hfg'kg]{5 . pkbfg lgj[lQe/0f sf]ifdf ul/g] of]ubfgsf] xb sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n]
tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 . pQm sf]ifaf6 cflh{t k|ltkmn ;f]xL sf]ifdf hDdf x'g]5 . pkbfg lgj[lQe/0f sf]if /
o;af6 cflh{t k|ltkmn ;d]t hDdf ubf{ x'g cfpg] /sdn] o; lgodadf]lhd pkbfg lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]
lzIfs, sd{rf/Lk|lt kg{ hfg] bfloTj k"lt{ x'g g;s]sf] v08df gk'u /sd ljZjljBfnon] sf]ifdf yk
u/L k|To]s jif{ bfloTj ldnfg ub}{ hfg]5 . ljZjljBfnodf :yfoL ;]jf /x]sf s'g} klg lzIfs sd{rf/Ln]
cjsfz kfPdf jf /fhLgfdf :jLs[t u/fO{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf jf ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf
lgldQ eljiodf cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6fOPdf lghn] b]xfoadf]lhd pkbfg tyf
lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]5 . t/ o; lgodfjnLsf] bf];|f] ;+zf]wg eGbf cufl8 :yfoL ePsf lzIfs /
sd{rf/Lx¿sf] xsdf eg] s'g} lsl;dsf] of]ubfg /xg] 5}g .

-!_ pkbfg M -s_ % jif{ eGbf a9L !) jif{ ;Dd ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf /x]sf lzIfs sd{rf/Lx¿n]
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf cfkm" /x]sf] k|To]s jif{sf lgldQ vfOkfO{ cfPsf] cflv/L tnasf] ! -Ps_ dlxgfsf]
tna .
-v_ !) jif{eGbf a9L !% jif{;Dd ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf /x]sf lzIfs sd{rf/Lx¿n] ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf
cfk"m /x]sf] k|To]s jif{sf lgldQ vfOkfO{ cfPsf] cflv/L tnasf] 8]9 dlxgfsf] tna .
-u_ !% jif{eGbf a9L @) jif{ k"/f geP;Dd ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf /x]sf lzIfs sd{rf/Lx¿n]
ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf cfk"m /x]sf] k|To]s jif{sf lgldQ vfOkfO{ cfPsf] cflv/L tnasf] @ -b'O{_ dlxgfsf]
tna .
-3_ ljZjljBfno ;]jf kfpg jf ;f] ;]jfdf axfndf /xg] p2]Zon] lzIff ;DaGwL s'g} of]Uotf, tLgk':t]
gfd, y/, jtg, gful/stf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf jf o; lgodfjnLsf] lgod ^% -v_ sf] @
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo kfPsf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ o; lgodadf]lhd pkbfg lbOg] 5}g .

-@_ lgj[lQe/0f M -s_ @) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;do;Dd ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf ;+nUg lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] ldltb]lv b]xfoadf]lhd dfl;s lgj[lQe/0f cfhLjg kfpg]5g\ .
hDdf ;]jf jif{ X cflv/L vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] /sd
%)

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

17
 -v_ o; lgodfg';f/ kfpg] lgj[lQe/0fsf] dfl;s /sd ;DalGwt lzIfs jf sd{rf/L]n] vfOkfO{ cfPsf]
dfl;s tnasf] cfwf eGbf sd x'g]5}g .
-u_ axfnjfnf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] tna j[l4 x'Fbf tnasf] z'¿ cÍdf hlt j[l4 ePsf] 5 To;sf]
b'O{ ltxfO{ /sd ;dfg kbsf lgj[Q lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] lgj[lQe/0f /sddf klg yk ul/g]5 .
-3_ o; lgod adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] u/L cjsfz k|fKt lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] kfpg] Ps
dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] /sd o; lgodfjnLsf] lgod $$ adf]lhdsf] rf8kj{ vr{ pknAw u/fpg]
5.
-ª_ ljZjljBfnonfO{ s'g} ;+u7g jf lgsfo jf kb g} grflxg] eO{ vf/]hLdf kg{ hfg] ePdf o;}
lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*-!_ adf]lhd kb ldnfg ug]{ jf zf/Ll/s c:j:ytfsf sf/0fn] ljZjljBfnosf]
;]jf ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] egL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d]l8sn af]8{n] k|dfl0ft u/]df jf d[To' ePsf] s'g} lzIfs
jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] hDdf calwdf % jif{;Dd yk ubf{ lgj[lQe/0f kfpg ;Sg] ePdf % jif{ yk u/L
lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f h'g lng rfxG5 ;f] /f]h]/ lng lbOg]5 .
-r_ ljZjljBfno ;]jf kfpg jf ;f] ;]jfdf axfndf /xg] p2]Zon] lzIff ;DaGwL s'g} of]Uotf, tLgk':t]
gfd, y/, jtg, gful/stf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf jf o; lgodfjnLsf] lgod ^%-v_ sf] @
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo kfPsf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ o; lgod adf]lhd pkbfg lbOg]5}g .
-@_ o; lgod adf]lhd pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f lng gkfpFb} s'g} klg lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf ;f]
/sd lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:odWo] lghsf] pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg 7xl/Psf] JolQmn] lng kfpg]5 .
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd k|bfg ul/g] lgj[lQe/0f Pshgf xsjfnfn] k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 lghsf] z]ifkl5 csf]{df
;g]{ 5}g . t/ d[ts lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] gfafns 5f]/f jf 5f]/Ln] aflnu geP;Dd kfpg]5 .
-$_ lgod %# jdf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgod %#s nfu" x'g]5}g .
-%_ pklgod -!_ cg';f/ v8f ul/Psf] sf]if ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu ljZjljBfnon] pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f
sf]if lgodfjnL agfpg]5 . of] lgodfjnLsf] bf];|f] ;+zf]wg eGbf klxn] :yfoL x'g] lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx¿sf]
xsdf eg] o; lgod cg';f/ pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f sf]ifsf] ;b:o aGg P]lR5s x'g]5 .
-^_ lgod %#s df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf]v/f ljZjljBfno lzIfs sd{rf/L ;DaGwL lgodfjnL
@)%% sf] lgod %#s sf] Joj:yf x'g'k"j{ ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] s'g} klg kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm kfPsf lzIfs
tyf sd{rf/Lx¿n] lgod %#s nfu" ePkZrft\ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfaf6 cGo ;d"x jf ;f]xL ;d"xsf] dflyNnf]
kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lgodfjnLsf] lgod %# adf]lhds} pkbfg /
lgj[lQe/0fsf] ;'ljwf nfu" x'g]5 .
-&_ pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

%#s= pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M
-!_ lgod %# df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbfg lgj[lQe/0f ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf ljZjljBfno
;efaf6 kfFrf} ;+zf]wg kfl/t ePsf] ldlt @)&) ;fn ebf} @* ut] eGbf kl5 lgo'lQm x'g] lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljZjljBfnon] 5'§} pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f
sf]if v8f ug]{5 . To:tf lzIfs sd{rf/Lx¿sf] dfl;s tnaaf6 bz k|ltztsf b/n] /sd s§f u/L ;f]
/sddf ljZjljBfnon] ztk|ltzt /sd yk u/L sf]ifdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dfl;s tnaaf6 s§f ul/Psf] /sd, ljZjljBfnoaf6 yk ul/Psf] /sd / ;f]
afkt kfs]sf] Aofh ;d]t kl/R5]b !) sf] lgod ^% sf] v08 -v_ sf] pkv08 -@_ sf] cj:yfdfafx]s
cGo h'g;'s} k|sf/n] ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 cnu x'Fbfsf avt Psd'i6 kfpg]5 . kl/R5]b !) sf] lgod
^% sf] v08 -v_ sf] pkv08 -@_ adf]lhd eljiodf ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg,

18
 ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf jf jvf{:t u/]sf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] pQm sf]ifdf lghsf] tnaaf6 s§f ul/Psf] s'n
/sd / ;f] afkt kfs]sf] Aofh / nfef+z Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd v8f ePsf] pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f sf]ifdf hDdf x'g] /sdsf] Joj:yfkg,
;+rfng, e'StfgL Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{sf nflu ljZjljBfnon] :jLs[t casfz sf]if ;+rfng ug]{
lgsfo dfkm{t ;DalGwt lzIfs sd{rf/Lx¿sf] JolStut vftfdf sf]if s§L, yk /sd, Jofh / nfef+z
;d]t hDdf x'g] u/L sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ lgod %# -s_ adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] xsdf lgod %#,
#v, %#u, %#3, %#ª nfu" x'g]5}g .

%#v= kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f / pkbfg
-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf 5Fb} jf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] ;ft jif{ gk'Ub} s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf]
d[To' ePdf lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lgod %# df n]lvPsf] b/n] pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f k|fKt x'g]5 . t/
lgj[lQe/0fsf] xsdf o:tf] lgj[lQe/0f ;ft jif{eGbf a9L ;do k|fKt x'g] 5}g . lgj[lQe/0f kfpg
yfn]sf] ;ftjif{ gk'Ub} d[To' ePsf] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;ft jif{ k'u]kl5 lgj[lQe/0f k|fKt
x'g] 5}g .
-@_ pk lgod -!_df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] JolQm gfafns /x]5 eg] lgh
aflnu geP;Dd To:tf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]5 .
-#_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] lghsf] klt jf kTgL ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf 5Fb} jf
lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] & jif{ gk'Ub} d[To' eO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]
ePdf ;f] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] cjlw e'Stfg ePsf] ldltb]lv / To:tf] lgj[lQe/0f gkfpg] ePdf lghsf]
klt jf kTgLn] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfn]sf] ;ft jif{ Joltt eO;s]kl5 d[To' ePsf]df lgh lzIfs jf
sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] ldltb]lv lghn] kfpg] lgj[lQe/0fsf] cfwf /sd cfhLjg kfpg]5 . t/ ljw'/
klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df lghn] To:tf] lgj[lQe/0f ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ pk lgod # df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg lgj[lQe/0f kfO/x]sf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLsf]
d[To' ePdf jf lghn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df To:tf] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] gfaflnu ;Gtfgn] lgh aflnu
geP;Dd To:tf] lgj[lQe/0f /sd tf]lsP adf]lhd kfpg]5 .
-%_ axfnjfnf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] tna j[l4 x'Fbf tnadfgsf] z'? cÍdf hlt j[l4 ePsf] 5
To;sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ /sd pk lgod -!_, -@_, -#_, -$_ cg';f/ kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f kfO/x]sf JolQmn]
vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f /sddf klg yk ul/g]5 .
-^_ o; lgodadf]lhd pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f lb+bf d[t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf]
;b:odWo]df s;}nfO{ OR5fPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f] JolQmnfO{ / s'g} sf/0fn] ;f] JolQmn] kfpg g;Sg]
cj:yf ePdf ;f] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:odWo] sfg"gL xsjfnfnfO{ lbOg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgoddf “kl/jf/’’ eGgfn] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] cfkm}F;Fu a:g] tyf lgh cfkmF}n]
kfngkf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ klt, kTgL, 5f]/f, jf wd{k'q, cljjflxtf 5f]/L jf cljjflxtf wd{k'qL ;Demg'k5{
/ cfkm}Fn] kfngkf]if0f ug'{ kg]{ cfkm\gf] afj', cfdf jf ;f}tgL cfdfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 . ;f] zAbn]
k'?if / cljjflxtf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] afh], aHo} tyf ljjflxtf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf]
xsdf lghsf] ;f;" ;;'/fnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

%#u= a]kQf ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[lQe/0f / pkbfgM
-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf /xL sfd u/]sf] s'g} lzIfssd{rf/Lx/fO{ a]kQf eO{ d/] afFr]sf] kQf gnfu]df
To:tf] lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] lgod %# adf]lhd kfpg] pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd lghsf]kl/jf/nfO{
lbOg]5 .
-@_ pk lgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg lgod %# adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f lng kfpg] JolQm

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk
19
 lgj[lQe/0f lng gkfpFb} a]kQf ePdf ;ft jif{;Dd / lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfn]kl5 a]kQf ePdf ;ft
jif{ k'Ug afFsL cjlw;Dd lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lgj[lQe/0fsf] k"/} /sd / ;f] cjlwkl5 klt jf kTgLnfO{
cfhLjg lgj[lQe/0fsf] cfwf /sd kfl/jfl/s lgjl[Qe/0f lbOg]5 .
-#_ a]kQf ePsf] sd{rf/L kl5 km]nf k/]df lgod %# adf]lhdsf] pkbfg e'QmfgL lbO{ g;s]sf] eP ;f]
pkbfg jf lgod %# adf]lhd kfpg] lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd lghn] bfaL ug{ cfPsf] ldltb]lv lghnfO{ g}
lbOg]5 . t/ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd e'QmfgL lbO;s]sf] pkbfg, lgj[lQe/0f jf kfl/jfl/s
lgj[lQe/0f /sddf kl5 km]nf k/]sf] JolQmn] bfaL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .

%#3= c;fwf/0f kfl/jfl/s j[lQ / pkbfgM
-!_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf /x]sf s'g}klg lzIfs
sd{rf/L ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ljZjljBfno aflx/ uPsf] cj:yfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L
tTsfn} d[To' ePdf jf 7"nf] rf]6k6s nflu To;sf] sf/0faf6 lgsf] gxF'b} kl5 d[To' ePdf To:tf]
lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw @) jif{ eGbf sd /x]5 eg] afFsL cjlw yk u/L lghsf] ljw'/ klt
jf ljwjf kTgLnfO{ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] cfhLjg kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f lbOg]5 .
-@_ ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLnfO{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf dfq dfGotf lbOg]5 .
-s_ ljZjljBfnosf] ;]jfsf] sf/0faf6 d[To' x'g] 36gf 36\g' cl3 lzIfs sd{rf/L;+u j}jflxs
;DaGw eO{ ;s]sf] x'g'k5{ .
-v_ lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] ;dodf lgh;Fu g5'l§Psf] jf ;uf]ndf /x]sf] x'g'k5{ .
-#_ ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgL s'g} gePdf jf klt jf kTgLsf] d[To'cl3 lghaf6 5'l§;s]sf] ePdf jf ljw'/
klt jf ljwjf kTgLsf] k'gM ljjfx ePdf k'gM ljjfx x'g'eGbf cl3sf] kltaf6 hGd]sf !* jif{eGbf sd
pd]/sf ;GttL jf wd{k'q, cljjflxt wd{k'qL /x]5g eg] lghx¿sf] u'hf/fsf] lgldQ k|To]snfO{
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] lghx¿ !* jif{ pd]/ gk'u];Ddsf nflu bfdf;fxLn] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn]
kfpg] kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0fsf] b'O{ ltxfO{df ga9\g] u/L dgfl;a 7xl/g cfPsf] b/n] kfl/jfl/s
lgj[lQe/0f k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ d[t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgL, ;GttL jf wd{k'q, wd{k'qL /x]g5g\ / lgh lzIfs
jf sd{rf/Lsf cfl>t cfdf, afa' b'a} jf b'O{ dWo] Ps /x]5g\ eg] lghx¿sf] u'hf/fsf] lgldQ sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] dgfl;a b]v]df a9Ldf !) -bz_ jif{sf] cjlw ;Ddsf nflu bfdf;fxLn] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf
kTgLn] kfpg] kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0fsf] b'O{ ltxfO{df ga9\g] u/L dgfl;a 7xl/g cfPsf] b/n] kfl/jfl/s
lgj[lQe/0f k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ d[t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgL, ;GttL, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL jf cfdfafa' s'g} /x]g5g\
/ lgh lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf cfl>t bfh'efO{ jf cljjflxtf lblbalxgLx¿ Jff tL dWo] s'g} /x]5g\ eg]
lghx¿sf] u'hf/fsf lgldQ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] a9Ldf !) -bz_ jif{sf] cjlw;Ddsf nflu bfdf;fxLn]
ljw''/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] kfpg] kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0fsf] b'O{ltxfO{df ga9\g] u/L dgfl;a 7xl/g
cfPsf] b/n] kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ axfnjfnf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] tna j[l4 x'Fbf tnadfgsf] z'? cÍdf hlt j[l4 ePsf] 5 To;sf]
b'O{ ltxfO{ /sd o; lgodfg';f/ lgj[lQe/0f kfO{/x]sf JolQmn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] kfl/jfl/s
lgj[lQe/0f /sddf klg yk ul/g]5 .
-&_ o; lgod adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfO/x]sf] ljw'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLsf] d[To' ePdf jf lghn] csf]{
ljjfx u/]df To:tf] lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd d[ts lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] gfaflnu ;Gtfgn] lgh aflnu
geP;Dd tf]lsPadf]lhd kfpg]5 .
-*_ o; lgod adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] lgod %#v adf]lhdsf] kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f jf
pkbfg kfpg]5}g .

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

20

%#ª= pkbfg lgj[lQe/0f;DaGwL Joj:yfM
-!_ pkbfg lgj[lQe/0f kfpg of]Uo x'g] u/L h'g;'s} lsl;daf6 ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 cjsfz kfpg]
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz lng] ldlteGbf ^ dlxgf cufj} sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]sf] kmf/d e/L
ljZjljBfno s]Gb|Lo sfof{no sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod ! adf]lhdsf] kmf/d eg{ gkfpFb} s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To:tf] d[t lzIfs jf
sd{rf/Ln] OR5fOPsf] JolQmn] / s;}nfO{ gOR5fOPsf] eP lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿dWo] b]xfosf]
qmdfg';f/ hf] hLljt 5 p;}n] ljZjljBfnosf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf ^ dlxgfleq kmf/fd e/L k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-s_ ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL,
-v_ ;uf]nsf] 5f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxt wd{k'qL, ljwjf 5f]/f a'xf/L
-u_ ;uf]nsf afa', cfdf
-3_ cfkm}Fn] kfng kf]if0f ug'{kg]{ ;uf]nsf k'?if / cljjflxt dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf xsdf
afh], aHo} / ljjflxt dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf xsdf ;f;', ;;'/f / 5f]/fk§Lsf] gflt
-ª_ leGg j;]sf] klt, kTgL
-r_ leGg j;]sf] 5f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxt wd{k'qL, ljwjf 5f]/f a'xf/L
-5_ leGg j;]sf afa', cfdf
-h_ ;uf]nsf] bfh', efO, 5f]/fk§LsL cljjflxt gfltgL
-em_ ;uf]nsf] cljjflxt lbbL alxgL
-`_ ;uf]nsf elthf, elthL, ;f}t]gL cfdf, leGg j;]sf] 5f]/fk§Lsf] gflt / cljjflxt
gfltgL
-6_ ;uf]nsf sfsf, ljwaf sfsL, efpHo", efO a'xf/L, gfltgL a'xf/L
-7_ leGg a;]sf bfh',efO
-8_ ljjflxt 5f]/L jf ljjflxt wd{k'qL
-9_ ljjflxt lbbL, alxgL, leGg a;]sf afh], aHo}, ljwjf 5f]/L a'xf/L, gfltgL a'xf/L /
elthf
:ki6Ls/0f M Ps} qmddf PseGbf a9L gft]bf/x¿ tf]lsPsf] eP ;f] qmddf tf]lsPsf ;a} gft]bf/x¿n]
a/fa/ lx;fadf d[t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg ;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ lgod ! jf @ adf]lhd kmf/d k|fKt ePkl5 ljZjljBfnosf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L
cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ lzIfs jf sd{rf/L jf d[t lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] gft]bf/nfO{
ljZjljBfnon] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf lgj[lQe/0f clwsf/kq -k]G;g k]d]06 c8{/_ k|bfg ug{ cfjZos
sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t s'g} klg lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] lgod %# adf]lhd pkbfg lnO{
ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6\g rfx]df To:tf] lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6\g'kgf{sf] sf/0f
;lxt pkbfgsf] nflu lgj]bg k]z u/]df ;DalGwt lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgodfg';f/ pkbfg pknAw
u/fpg]5 . pkbfg gkfpFb} ;DalGwt lzIfs jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To:tf] d[t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln]
OR5fOPsf] JolQmn] / s;}nfO{ gOR5fOPsf] eP o;} pk lgodsf] @ df /x]sf] pkqmd adf]lhd lghsf]
kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .

%#r=;ldltsf] Joj:yfM
-!_ ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t s'g} lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L
d[To' ePdf jf rf]6k6s nfuL pkrf/ ug{'k/]df jf cfhLjg czQm ePdf lghn] lghsf] kl/jf/ jf
;Gtltn] kfpg] j[lQ pkrf/ vr{ jf pkbfgsf] /sd sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]sf] jf u7g u/]sf] ;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/; adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

21
 -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ jf pkbfgsf] /sd lgwf{/0f ug'{k"j{ ;DalGwtlzIfs sd{rf/Lsf]
d[To' ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] / czQmtfsf] ;DaGwdf /
ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf ;ldltaf6 cWoog
x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ jf pkbfgsf] /sdsf] l;kmfl/; tyf pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf]
cWoog ;ldltn] b]xfosf sfuhftx¿sf] cfwf/df ug{' kg{]5 .
-s_ ljZjljBfnosf] sfdsf] nflu v6fPsf] k|df0f jf e|d0f cfb]z,
-v_ ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf jf k|x/L k|ltj]bg,
-u_ pkrf/ u/fPsf] c:ktfnsf] sfuhft jf lan,
-3_ pkrf/ ug'{kg]{ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfosf] l;kmfl/z .

%# 5= clgjfo{ cjsfzsf] nflu pd]/ u0fgf
-!_ ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 cjsfz x'g] lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ u0fgf ubf{ lghsf] j}olQms ljj/0f,
gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq / z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqdf pNn]lvt hGd ldlt jif{, dlxgf / ut] ;d]t
v'n]sf] / ;a}df Pp6} ldlt g/x]sf] ePdf h'g ldltaf6 klxn] cjsfz x'G5 ;f]xL ldltaf6
cjsfzlbOg]5 .
-@_ jif{ jf ;Djt\ dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0fkqsf cfwf/df hGdldlt sfod ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ul/g]5M–
-s_ gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-v_ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf k|df0fkq hf/L ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-u_ l;6/f]nsf] xsdf ;'? egf{ jf lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df .
-#_ s'g} k|df0fkqdf jif{dfq pNn]v ePsf] / csf]{ k|df0fkqdf k"/f hGd ldlt v'n]sf] /x]5 tyf To:tf]
k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt hGdldltx¿sf] aLrdf Ps jif{ ;Ddsf] cGt/ b]lvPdf k"/f v'n]sf] hGdldltnfO{
cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 . t/ o;/L 5'§f5'§} k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf] hGdldltsf] cGt/ Ps jif{eGbf a9L
ePdf jif{dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] cfwf/df pklgod -@_ adf]lhd hGdldlt sfod ul/g]5 .

%#h= a/a'emf/y gu/]df pkbfg lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sdM
;]jf lgj[Q lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] a'emfpg'kg]{ ljZjljBfnosf] gubL, lhG;L / sfuhft lgodfg';f/
ga'emfPdf To;/L ga'emfPsf] cjlw;Dd lghn] kfpg] pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f /f]Ssf ug{ ;lsg]5 . To:tf]
ljZjljBfnosf] gubL, lhG;L / sfuhft a'‰g'kg]{ lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] klg tf]lsPsf] ;dod} a'lemlng'kg]{5.

kl/R5]b–*
cfr/0f
%$= ;dokfng / lgoldttf M
lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfnon] tf]lslbPsf ;dodf lgoldt ¿kdf cfkm" sfo{/t lgsfodf xflh/
x'g'kb{5 / :jLs[lt glnO{ sfdaf6 cg'kl:yt x'g'x'Fb}g .

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

22
%%= uf]Kotf eË ug{ gx'g] M
lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] clVtof/jfnfsf] k"j{:jLs[ltlagf cfkm"n] ljZjljBfnodf st{Jokfng ubf{ k|fKt u/]sf]
cyjf cfk"mn] n]v]sf] jf ;Íng u/]sf] s'g} sfuhkq, j[QfGtnfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kaf6 cglws[t c¿
JolQm, ;+3, ;+:yf jf lgsfonfO{ lbg jf ;~rf/sf s'g} dfWodåf/f ;"lrt ug'{x'Fb}g .

%^= cGo :yfgdf sfd ug{ gx'g] M

lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 tf]lsPsf] kbflwsf/L jf ;ldlts]f k"j{:jLs[ltlagf cGoq sfo{ ug'{
x'Fb}g .

%&= cfˆgf] ;]jf / kb cg';f/sf] cfr/0f ug'{kg]{ M

lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnoleq jf aflx/ cfˆgf] af}l4s tyf k|fl1s k|lti7f sfod /xg] u/L cfˆgf]
OdfGbfl/tf / g}ltstf z'4, pRr / kljq /fvL kb cg's'nsf] cfr/0f kfng ug'{kg]{5 .

%&s= tf]lsPsf] kf]zfs nufpg' kg]{ M
-!_ k|To]s lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnon] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] kf]zfs nufpg' clgjfo{ x'g]5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnoaf6 tf]lsPsf] kf]zfssf nflu tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] /sd k|To]s jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGtdf
pknAw x'g]5 .

%&v= ;DklQ ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ M
ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t k|To]s lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] x/]s cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ;f7L lbgleq g]kfn
;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf ;DklQ ljj/0f sfo{/t lgsfo dfkm{t ;DalGwt lgsfodf k'Ug]u/L ;dod} k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .

%&u= :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lng gx'g] M
ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] ljb]zL d'n'ssf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lng jf To:tf] cg'dlt
k|fKt ug{sf nflu cfj]bg lbg'x'Fb}g .

%*= xflg gf]S;fgL ug{ gx'g] M

lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnosf] s'g} ;DklQs]f xflg gf]S;fgL ug'{x'Fb}g .

%*= -s_ bfg, pkxf/ rGbf dfUg gx'g] M

lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnosf] sfddf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] c;/ kg{ ;Sg] u/L /lhi6f/sf] k"j{:jLsl[t
lagf s;}af6 s'g} k|sf/sf] bfg, pkxf/, rGbf cflb :jLsf/ ug{ jf s'g} lsl;dsf] cfly{s ;xfotf p7fpg]
sfddf efu lng' x'Fb}g .

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

23
%(=tf]lsPsf] sfd k"/f ug'{kg]{ M
-!_ lzIfsx¿n] tf]lsPsf] sIff lng], ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ / cGo k|fl1s sfo{ ug'{kg]{5 . o:t} k|sf/n] sd{rf/Lx¿n]
tf]lsP cg';f/sf] sfd / st{Jo kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnosf s'g} lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] st{Jo kfng gu/]df, ljZjljBfno ;DjGwL s'/fdf cfkm"eGbf
dflysf] clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] cf1f kfng gu/]df jf ljZjljBfno;Fu ;DalGwt sfddf nfk/jfxL jf
l9nf;':tL u/]df To:tf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo k|d'vn] sf/0f vf]nL r]tfjgL lbg
;Sg]5g\ / ;f]sf] clen]v ;DalGwt lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut kmfOndf /flvg]5 .

^)=/fhg}lts lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ aGg gx'g] M

-!_ kf]v/f ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] s'g} klg /fhg}lts bns]f tkm{af6 jf :jtGq ¿kdf /fhg}lts
lgj{frgdf pDd]bjf/ aGg x'Fb}g t/ k|rlnt sfg"gad]flhd, a}7s, uf]i7L, sfo{zfnf, ;Dd]ng, 5nkmndf
efu lnO{ s'g} ljrf/ JoQm u/L k|fl|1s :jtGqtfs]f pko]fu ug{ o; lgodn] afwf k'–ofPs]f dflgg]5}g .
-@_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] :yfgLo jf /fli6«o txs]f /fhg}lts lgjf{rgdf pd]bjf/ aGg tyf efu lng
rfx]df pd]bjf/Ls]f dg]fgog bflvnf ug'{eGbf sDtLdf % lbgk"j{ g} ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 /flhgfdf lbPs]f
x'g'kg]{5 .

^!=cg'zf;g / dof{bf M
-!_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿ :jo+ cg'zfl;t Pj+ dof{lbt /xg'sf ;fy} 5fq–5fqfx¿nfO{ klg
lzi6, cg'zfl;t, rl/qjfg\ / dof{lbt agfpg ;bf k|oTgzLn /xg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfno ;DaGwL sfddf cfkm"eGbf dflysf] clwsf/Ln] lbPsf]
cf1fnfO{ zL3|tfsf ;fy k"/f ug'{kg]{5 .
^@= ;]jfk|lt lgi7f / cfb/M
-!_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnos]f ;]jfk|lt cf:yf, ljZjf; / e/]f;fs]f efjgf /fVg'sf
;fy} cWofkg, cg';Gwfg, / l;h{gfTds lqmofsnfknfO{ d'Vo nIo agfO{ To;}df ;+nUg /xg'kg]{5 .
-@_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿n] cfk"meGbf dflysf ;a} kbflwsf/L, lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L k|lt
plrt cfb/ b]vfpg' kg]{5 / cfkm"eGbf d'lgsf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lk|lt plrt Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{5 .

^@ -s_ ljZjljBfnosf] cfnf]rgf / x8tfn 3]/fp ug{ k|ltaGw M

-!_ ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln]] ;fj{hflgs ?kdf ljZjljBfnosf] cfnf]rgf ug{ gx'g] .
-@_ lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnosf] P]g lgodfjnLåf/f lgwf{l/t p2]Zo k"/f ug{ jfwf lj/f]w x'g] u/L
x8tfn, snd aGb h:tf sfo{ ug{ tyf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s pTkL8g x'g] u/L bafa lbg] jf ;f] ug]{ u/L
s;}nfO{ pS;fpg gx'g] .

^#= ax'ljjfx, afnljjfx ug{–u/fpg gx'g] M
ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] "d'n'sL P]g lax]jf/Ls]f dxn" ljk/Lt x'g] u/L ax'ljjfx, afnljjfx ug{–
u/fpg xF'b}g .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk, bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

24

^$= a'ema'emf/y M
ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] a'emfpg'kg]{ gubL lhG;L, sfuhftx¿ t]flsPsf] Dofbleq
a'emfpg]n] a'emfpg'kg]{ / a'‰g]n] a'lemlng' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–(
;Demf}tf
^$ -s_ ljZjljBfnosf tkm{af6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;Demf}tf ubf{ b]xfosf] k|ls|of cjnDag ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!_ ljZjljBfnonfO{ ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ cyjf bL3{sfnLg c;/ x'g] ;Demf}tf kf]v/f ljZjljBfno ;efaf6
:jLs[lt u/fP/ dfq ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ cGo k|fl1s tyf kf/:kl/s ;xof]u ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] :jLs[lt lnP/ /lhi6f/n] ug]{5 .
;Demf}tfsf] k|s[lt x]/L /lhi6f/n] ;Demf+}tf ug]{ clwsf/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL la:t[t sfo{ljlw sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b–!)

;hfoF / k'g/fj]bg
^%= ;hfoF M plrt / kof{Kt sf/0f ePdf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ b]xfoad]flhds]f ;hfoF ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ ;fdfGo ;hfoF
-!_ gl;ot lbg] .
-@_ a9Ldf @ u|]8 /f]Ssf ug]{, a9Ldf @ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ /
-#_ ;~rosf]if afx]ss]f tnaaf6 /sd s§f u/L c;"n ug]{ .
-v_ ljz]if ;hfoF
-!_ eljiodf ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g]] u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] .
-@_ eljiodf ljZjljBfno ;]jfsf lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{ .

^^= ;fdfGo ;hfoF ug]{ cfwf/x¿ M

-s_ sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf .
-v_ t]flsPs]f Dofb jf ;dodf xflh/ eO{ cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L jxg gu/]df jf lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ OGsf/ u/]df .
-u_ cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df .
-3_ cfr/0f;DaGwL lgod pNn‹g u/]df .
-ª_ k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ a/fa/ cg'kl:yt /xg] u/]df .
-r_ a'em–a'emf/y gu/]df .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk, kl/R5]b ( df /x]sf]df !) df nluPsf], ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg,

25
 -5_ cfˆgf] kbLo bfloTj OdfGbfl/tf / lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s kfngf gu/L x]nr]qm\ofOF u/]df .
-h_ hfgLhfgL nfk/jfxL u/L ljZjljBfnonfO{ s'g} xflg g]fS;fgL k'¥ofPdf .
-em_ nuftf/ tLg k6s r]tfjgL kfPdf ;dfGo ;hfoF ug{ ;lsg]5 .

^&= ljz]if ;hfoF ug]{ cfwf/x¿ M

-s_ ;'lDkPs]f lhDd]jf/L of]Uotf jf sfo{Ifdtfs]f cefjs]f sf/0f jxg gu/]df jf jxg ug{ g;s]df .
-v_ af/Daf/ cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df .
-u_ e|i6frf/ u/]df .
-3_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] km}fhbf/L s;'/df cbfntdf ;flat eO{ ;hfoF kfPdf .
-ª_ cfr/0f ;DaGwL lgod k6sk6s pNn‹g u/]df .
-r_ ax'nfPdf jf duh lalu|Pdf .
-5_ ljgf ;"rgf labf :jLs[[t gu/fO{ tLg dlxgfeGbf a9L ;do ljZjljBfnodf cg'kl:yt /x]df .
-h_ ljZjljBfnos]f uf]kgLotf eË u/]df .

-h!_ ljb]zL d'n'ssf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPdf jf ;f]sf nflu cfj]bg lbPdf .
-em_ lgod ^^ adf]lhd ;hfoF Ps k6s kfO;s]kl5 k'gM bf]xf]l/Pdf ljz]if ;hfoF ug{ ;lsg]5 .

^*= ;hfoF;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M

-!_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfoF ug'{eGbf cl3 lghpk/ sf/jfxL ug{ nfluPs]f sf/0f pNn]v u/L lghnfO{
cfˆg]f ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ kfpg] clwsf/af6 al~rt ul/g]5}g . ;hfoF lbg] clwsf/Ln] ;hfo lbOg] JolQm;Fu
cfjZos tYo a'‰g / :ki6Ls/0f dfUg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ cleo]fu nfu]s]f lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]lwPsf] :ki6Ls/0fsf] hjfkm k|i6 ePkl5 ;hfo lbg] clwsf/Ln]
cfjZos hfFra'em ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ lgod ^*-!_ / -@_ ad]flhd sfo{ljlw ;dfKt eO{ lghn] ;hfoF kfpg] b]lvPdf lghnfO{ lbg nfluPs]f
;hfFos]f ;"rgf lbOg]5 / k|:tfljt ;hfoF lsg gug]{ eGg]af/] plrt Dofb lbO{ k'gM :ki6Ls/0f dfu
ul/g]5 .

^(= lgnDagdf /fvL sf/jfxL ug]{ M

ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fdfGo jf ljz]if ;hfoF ug'{k"j{ hfFra'em ;dfKt gxF'bf;Dd ;hfoF lbg]
clwsf/Ln] lgDg cj:yfdf lgnDagdf /fvL sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ lgnDag gu/L cfˆg]f kbs]f sfd ug{ lb+bf em'§f ;a't k|df0f ;Íng ug{ ;Sg] jf cfˆg]f lj¿4s]f ;a'b
k|df0f ufoa ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf ePdf .
-v_ lgnDag gu/L kbs]f sfd ug{ lb+bf ljZjljBfnos]f xflg g]fS;fgL x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf .

&)=lgnDag /fVg ;lsg] cjlw M

ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag ub{f ;fwf/0ftof rf/ dlxgf eGbf a9L lgnDagdf /flvg]5}g .
;]f cjlwleq ;hfoF lbg] clwsf/Ln] sf/afxLs]f 6'Ëf] nufO;Sg' kg]{5 . s'g} c;fwf/0f cj:yf k/L lgnDags]f
cjlw rf/ dlxgfdf a9fpg'k/]df lzIfs tyf clws[t :t/ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf sd{rf/Lsf xsdf sfo{sf/L
kl/ifb\n] / clws[t :t/eGbf tNnf] :t/sf sd{rf/Lsf xsdf /lhi6f/ jf lgsfo k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df pk–
s'nkltn] c¿ # dlxgf;Dd lgnDags]f cjlw a9fpg ;Sg]5g\ .

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

26

&)s= :jtM lgnDag x'g] M

ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf sfo{/t s'g} klg lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf lu/km\tf/
eO{ y'gfdf k/]df d'2fsf] lsgf/f gnfu];Dd :jtM lgnDag ePsf] dflgg]5 . t/ nfu]s]f cf/f]k k|dfl0ft geO{
lghn] ;kmfO{ kfPdf lgnDag /x]sf] cjlwsf] tna eQf lgod $#-!_ adf]lhd x'g]5 .

&!=;kmfO{sf] ;a'b lagf ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;lsg] M

ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgDg cj:yfdf ;kmfOs]f d}fsf glbO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] km}fhbf/L s;'/df cbfntaf6 bf]ifL k|dfl0ft ePdf .
-v_ efuL kQf gnfuL ;Dks{ :yflkt ug{ g;lsPsf cj:yfdf .
-u_ cf+lzs, s/f/ jf c:yfoL ;]jfdf ;]jf/t lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ t]flsPs]f ;dofjlw k"/f eO{ x6fpg'k/]df .

&@= ;hfoF ug]{ clwsf/ M
P]g jf o; lgodfjnLdf k|i6 n]lvPsf]df afx]s ;fdfGot o; kl/R5]b jdf]lhdsf] ;fdfGo ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/
;DalGwt lgsfo k|d'vnfO{ x'g]5 / ljz]if ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/ lzIfssf xsdf pks'nkltnfO{ / sd{rf/Lsf
xsdf /lhi6«f/df x'g]5 .

&#= ;]jf cfof]us]f k/fdz{ lng'kg]{ M

o; kl/R5]bad]flhd s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljz]if ;hfoF u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ lg0f{o ug'{
cl3 sf/jfxLsf ;DaGwdf p7]sf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhft ;]jf cfo]fudf k7fO{ ;]jf cfo]fuaf6 k/fdz{ lng'kg]{5 .

&$= k'g/fj]bg / k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L M

s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfkm"n] kfPs]f ;hfoFdf lrQ ga'em]df lg0f{os]f hfgs/L kfPsf] jf gSsn ;f/L
yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq cfkm"nfO{ lrQ ga'em]sf s'/f ;d'Nn]v u/L ;a'b k|df0f;lxt ;hfoF ug]{
clwsf/Ldfkm{t jf l;w} k]fv/f ljZjljBfno k'g/fj]bg ;ldltdf k|:t't ug'{kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–!)
ljljw

&%= clwsf/ k|Tofo]fhg M
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] o; lgod cGtu{t cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/x¿ dWo] cf+lzs jf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/
cfkm"d"lgsf jl/i7 lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

&^= lgodfjnLs]f JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ M

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg,  cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f

27
 kf]v/f ljZjljBfno P]g @)%# cGt{ut lgld{t lgodfjnLs]f JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\nfO{ x'g]5

&&= k"j{ :jLs[ltljgf ;]jf 5f8\g gkfOg] M

ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnos]f k"j{ :jLs[ltljgf ;]jf 5f8\g kfpg]5}g .

&&s= /flhgfdf ;DaGwL Joj:Yff M
-!_ ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] kbaf6 /flhgfdf lbg rfx]df cfkm" sfo{/t
sfof{no/lgsfodf lnlvt ¿kdf /flhgfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pk lgod ! adf]lhd sfof{no/lgsfo k|d'v ;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf /flhgfdf kqdf ;DalGwt lzIfs
tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;gfvt u/fpg' kg]{ 5 . t/ g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] /flhgfdf
kqdf ;gfvt u/fpg' kbf{ g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf; ;dIf / g]kfnL /fhb'tfjf; gePsf] d'n'sdf
;DalGwt d"n'ssf] gf]6/L klAns ;dIf ;gfvt u/fO{ k7fpg ;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ pk lgod ! adf]lhd s'g} lzIfs sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] kbaf6 /flhgfdf lbPdf lghsf] afFsL aSof}tf
s]xL g/x]sf] / s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;hfosf nflu sf/jfxL z'? gePsf] olsg ePdf lghsf]
/flhgfdf /lhi6«f/af6 :jLs[t x'g] 5 .

&*= ;'ljwf lbg] M

-!_ ljZjljBfnos]f lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL s'g} kbs]f b/aGbL vf/]h ug]{ lg0f{o eO{ :yfoL lzIfs jf sd{rf/L
ljZjljBfno ;]jfaf6 x6\g] ePdf oyfzSo ljZjljBfnos]f cGo vfnL /x]s]f pko'Qm 7fpFdf kb ldnfg ug{
k|of; ul/g]5 .
-@_ lgod &*-!_ adf]lhd kb ldnfg ug{ c;Dej ePdf To:tf :yfoL lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|ltjif{ ;]jfafkt
k|ltdlxgfsf b/n] tna lbg'kg]{5 .

&(= lg/]flutfs]f k|df0f–kq M

k|To]s lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] :yfoL lgo'lQm lng'k"j{ :jLs[t lrlsT;s;Fu cfˆgf] :jf:y k/LIf0f u/fO{
lg/]flutfs]f k|df0fkq k]z ug'{kg]{5 .

*)=;]jf;DaGwL ljj/0f cBfjlws /fVg'kg]{ M

-!_ k]fv/f ljZjljBfno s]Gb|Lo sfo{fnodf ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/L, lzIfs / sd{rf/Ls]f JolQmut–ljj/0f
:ki6 v'nfO{ ;]jf bt{f lstfa /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;]jf–btf{ lstfadf kbflwsf/L, lzIfs, sd{rf/Ls]f gfd y/, jtg, hGdldlt, z}lIfs o]fUotf, cg'ej,
k|sflzt s[ltx¿;d]t pNn]v x'g' kg]{5 .

*!=;]jf jf sfd ug'{kg]{ ;do M

-!_ ljZjljBfnosf sd{rf/Ln] ljZjljBfnos]f ;+u7g jf lgsfodf sfd jf ;]jf ug'{kg]{ ;do ;DalGwt
lgsfosf k|d'vn] tf]Sg ;Sg]5g\ t/ cfjZos k/]sf a]nf tf]lsPs]f ;]f ;doeGbf a9L ;do sfd jf ;]jf
ug{' sd{rf/Ls]f st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ tf]lsPs]f ;doeGbf cltl/Qm ;do sfd ug]{ lzIfs jf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ;do–;dodf
tf]s]ad]]flhd cltl/Qm kfl/>lds lbOg]5 .

*@= ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgfM

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk
28
 -!_ s'g} lzIfs jf sd{rf/L ljZjljBfnosf] s/f/ jf c:yfoL ;]jfdf lgo'lQm kfO{ cljlR5Gg ¿kdf ;]jf/t
/xL kl5 ;]jf cfo]fuaf6 :yfoL ePdf s/f/ / c:yfoL ;]jfsf] cjlw pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f k|of]hgsf
nflu dfq u0fgf ul/g]5 . t/ @)^! cfiff9 d;fGtkl5 ljZjljBfno ;]jfdf :yfoL x'g] lzIfs
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf eg] s/f/ / c:yfoL ;]jfsf] cjlw u0fgf ul/g]5}g .
-@_ o; lgod adf]lhd lzIf0f ;]jf cGtu{tsf s'g} klg kbdf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffdf ;DefJo
pDd]bjf/ aGg ;DalGwt kbeGbf Ps tx d'lgsf] kbsf nflu tf]lsPsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / ;f] kb eGbf
tNnf] kbdf kfFr jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

*@s= ljZjljBfno ;]jf kbssf] Joj:yf M
@% jif{ ljZjljBfno ;]jf u/]sf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 tf]lsPadf]lhdsf]
ljleGg ju{ / >]0fLsf] ljZjljBfno ;]jf kbs, k|df0fkq / gub k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .

*#= ljlgod lgd{f0f ug]{ clwsf/ M

kf]v/f ljZjljBfno P]g / o; lgodfjnLs]f cwLgdf /xL lgodfjnLn] lgb]{z u/]ad]flhd tyf cfjZos
b]lvPsf s'/fdf sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] ljlgod agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .

*$= ljZjljBfno v'Ng] / aGb x'g] ;do M


ljZjljBfnosf] lg0f{o cg';f/ tf]lsPsf labfsf lbgx¿ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs labf egL
tf]lsPsf lbgx¿ afx]s cGo lbgx¿df laxfg !) ah]b]lv a]n'sf % ah];Dd -sflt{s !^ ut]b]lv Dff3 !%
ut];Dd ljxfg !)=)) jh];Dd j]n'sf $=)) jh];Dd_ ljZjljBfno v'Nnf /xg]5 . z}lIfs sfo{qmd
;~rfngsf] ;q -k|ftM/lbjf/;GWof_ / ;do sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 tf]lsPadf]lhd lgwf{/0f x'g]5 .
b|i6Ao M cfwf lbg eGgfn] sflt{s !^ ut]b]lv Dff3 !% ut];Dd !=)) jh] / cGo dlxgf !=#) jh] x'g]5 .

*%= ljZjljBfnosf] 5fk -l;n_ M

ljZjljBfnosf] l;n /lhi6f/sf] sfof{nodf /xg]5 / ;fwf/0ftof lgDglnlvt sfuhkqx¿df l;n nufOg]5 .
-s_ k|df0f kqdf
-v_ /fli6«o jf cGt/fli6«o ;+:yf jf s'g} :jb]zL jf ljb]zL JolQm jf ;+:yf;Fu ePsf ;Demf}tfx¿df
-u_ 7]Ssf k§f ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfx¿df
-3_ cGo dxTjk"0f{ sfuhkqx¿df

*^= arfpM

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk, df}h'bf lgod *# / *%nfO{ PsLs[t ul/Psf]

29
-!_ ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/L, lzIfs jf sd{rf/Ln] c;n lgotk"j{s u/]sf jf ug{ v]fh]sf s'g} sfdsf
;DaGwdf lgh pk/ s'g} d'2f rnfOg] jf cGo s'g} sf/jfxL ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ of] lgodfjnL nfu" x'g'k"j{ sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\, pks'nklt, /lh:6f/ jf cGo kbflwsf/Ln] lzIfs tyf
sd{rf/Lsf ;DaGwdf eP u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/afxLx¿ o;} lgodfjnLcGtu{t ePu/]sf] dfgL arfp
ul/g]5 .

30