Research Paper32222

CAPTAIN ALBERT AGUILAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Junior High School Level
THE INFLUENCE OF POVERTY TO THE SHS

TRACK PREFERENCE AMONG
JHS STUDENTS
A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of English Department of
Captain Albert Aguilar National High School
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements
in English 10
By:
Klitch Claui Falculan
Nicole Ann Mandreza
Charlize T. De Guzman
Teresita Espiritu
Audrey Lapuz
Grade 10 – Love
June 2023
CHAPTER I.
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Poverty is the lack of funds necessary to meet necessities

including food, clothing, and shelter. But poverty goes far beyond simply
not having enough money. Causes of poverty include lack of education. It
often affects junior high school students in choosing their strands to take
because it involves spending money.
Because there aren't enough resources available for students to
succeed, poverty has a direct impact on academic achievement. Low
socioeconomic position and low achievement are strongly associated , and
low achievement is tightly correlated with a lack of resources, according
to multiple researches. School absenteeism is now a worsening and
continuing problem in the secondary school (Demir & Akman
Karabeyoglu, 2015; Reichenberg & Lofgren, 2019).
A noticeable problem especially in public schools is that those
students who belong to the lower sections acquire more absences than
those who belong to the higher sections.
Reasons for not attending and becoming disinterested in school
come from the lack of interest and motivation of the learners and the lack
of desire of parents to send their kids to school.
Junior high school students who live in poverty frequently lack the
resources they need at home to finish their homework, study, or take part
in other activities that would prepare them for success in the classroom. In
concerns to this, the researchers are interested in learning how junior high
schools can select their strand or track for senior high school. Therefore,
both the professors and the parents, who are unaware of the problems
faced by students who are afflicted by poverty, require their assistance to
continue their studies.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Foreign Literature
Common Challenges Viewed in the Classroom
There are many challenges faced by children raised in poverty.
Some challenges are long term obstacles such as chronic stressors and
changes in brain structure that effect emotion and memory. Other
challenges are more situational causing emotional and social struggles.
The mental health issues include high levels of depression among parents
and children living in poverty (Jensen, 2009).
The Needs Theory

According to Lussier and Achua (2001), if the necessity of the
students is satisfied and sufficient, then they were encouraged to attend
the school. Another is safety needs which fall under the security from
physical harm and basic necessity.
Local Literature
Financial Stress and Well-being Among Filipino Students
According to an old review of published psychology research in
the Philippines, stress and coping has been one of the most intensively
researched topics among Filipino psychology researchers (Bernardo,
1997). But there were hardly any studies that focus on stress experiences
of Filipino students in that review, a trend that has improved somewhat in
the last decade with the publication of some studies on Filipino students’
stress-related experiences.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Junior High School students struggle because they don't have

enough money to cover their educational expenses, which causes them to
struggle with participation, work completion, and on-time passing:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

1.1 Gender?
1.2 Age?
2. What is the preferred SHS track of the respondents?
3. Is the salary of your parents still enough to manage the track you
choose?
FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
Conceptual Framework
PROCESS
INPUT OUTPUT
Administer a
Survey to the
Demographic Respondents
Profile of The preference
respondents of junior high
Apply
Senior High Descriptive school students
School track Statistics
preference
Figure 1. IPO of the Study
The figure shows the Input, Process, and Output model. In Input, it
includes the profile of respondents. It also has the other variable of the
study – Senior High School track preference. In Process, the tools the
researchers will use to obtain data and information. The final section is
the output, which includes the study's expected outcomes and a possible
solution for the research problem.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The statement from twenty respondents, whose junior high school

from grade tenth, comprise the bulk of the study's data. For the purpose
of collecting data, the researchers will only take into account 1 school:
junior high respondents. CAANHS- Main, the main campus of Captain
Albert Aguilar National High School. Data collection will take place on-site.
Investigating how poverty affects junior high school students'

preferences for senior high school tracks is the focus of this study. Even
though many junior high school students live in poverty, the researchers will
solely focus on giving them a preference for their chosen course of study.
Data on why respondents favor such a track won't be accessible to them.
Data analysis will simply consider whether there may be a relationship
between the respondents' prepared track and their demographic
characteristics.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The information obtained about the junior high school students
who are undecided about their strand will be useful for the following,
according to the researchers:
PARENTS – will know how hard it is for their children because they're
affected by poverty. They can also help them by guiding them in what
they want to do in becoming SHS. Take courage from the fact that studies
have shown that children whose parents become involved in their
education tend to get better grades, have higher self-esteem, and are better
behaved at school if you're debating whether or not to get involved in
your children's education.
TEACHERS – The teacher will be aware of their situation and help to

assist them. It will also give them motivation to continue their studies and
achieve the goals they want. Teachers have to build trusting relationships
with their pupils and show respect for everybody. Creating inclusive
classrooms, integrating social skills into classes, and interacting with kids
by recognizing poverty signals, empowering kids, changing the classroom
environment, recognizing talents, conducting precise evaluations, and
hiring sympathetic candidates.
GOVERNMENT – They should be aware of the lack of money for

students who want to finish their studies. They can also help them by
providing assistance every month to help with expenses at school.
STUDENTS – Help them for the future they wanted to achieve, and they
can also help the next generation who are affected like them. It can also
be a memorable lesson for them when they struggle to achieve their goals
and help others achieve their goals, and they can't give up on achieving
this.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For better understanding on how the terminologies were used in the

study, the following words were defined operationally:
Poverty is about to the JHS Students who can’t decide their strand due to
the lack of money.
JHS Students refer to the student that can't decided what track they
wanted.
CHAPTER II.
PROCEDURES
RESEARCH DESIGN
The Quantitative Method, specifically the experimental design, was
applied to accomplish the study’s objectives. The data were analyze using
descriptive statistics.
INSTRUMENTATION
For the research instrument, a researcher-made survey was used to
collect the needed data for the respondents demographic profile and the
influence of poverty on the respondents lives.
The questions for data gathering of the Influence of poverty to the
respondents lives was based on one of the readings of the researchers in
the literary review section paper.
The respondents were asked to check one or more boxes that matched
their demographic profiles and their characteristics and the significance of
poverty among JHS students in closed-ended questions developed by the
researchers.
SAMPLING
When choosing the sample for the study, the researchers used the non-
probability sampling technique, particularly the purposive sampling
method. The survey's respondents were picked from a pool of 20 students
at Captain Albert Aguilar National High School (CAANHS-Main). They
were picked because they fit the description of the study's intended
audience of students.
TREATMENT OF DATA
The data collected will be tallied and computed using descriptive
statistics. For both research questions, frequency and percentage
computation will be applied as treatment of data.
CHAPTER III.
FINDING AND DISCUSSIONS
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in gender and

age?
GENDER
15%
MALE
FEMALE
45% LGBTQIA
PREFER NOT TO SAY
40%
Figure 2. Gender Profile of the Respondents
The pie chart above reveals the gender of the respondents. As can be
seen in the chart, the majority of the respondents are male, with a total of 9
out of 20 or 45% of the total respondents. It is most likely that men are the
most affected by poverty, based on our survey.
AGE
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
17 AND ABOVE 15-16

FIGURE 3. Age Profile of the Respondents
The bar graph above reveals the age of becoming SHS choosing there
track. As can be seen in the bar graph, the majority of the respondents is
aged 15-16.
2. What is the preferred SHS track of the respondents?
PREFERRED SHS TRACK

25
20
15
10
0
STEM HUMSS ABM TVL GAS TOTAL
FIGURE 4. PREFERRED SHS TRACK OF THE RESPONDENTS
The bar graph above shows the strand chosen by respondents.It shows
that Humss is the most strand chosen by the respondents and the least is Gas
and Stem according to the bar.
DECIDER OF YOUR TRACK PREFERENCE

25
20
15
10
0
1
Parents or Guardians You
FIGURE 5. DECIDER OF YOUR TRACK PREFERENCE
The line graph above shows who will decide the strand you want for
an upcoming SHS student. It shows that almost all 20 respondents will
decide what strand they want.
CHAPTER IV.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of the study, the following can be concluded:
1. Since their families are unable to provide for their basic needs, many
students are living in poverty.
2. Many male pupils in grade 10's lower class receive assistance from
the government.
The researchers want to recommend the following in light of their findings:
1. Providing financial assistance to students who are struggling to afford

their education can help them choose a track that aligns with their interests
and goals.
2. Offer career counseling services to help students explore their

interests, skills, and values and make informed decisions about their
academic and career goals.
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Permission Letter
June 7, 2023
MR. CARLOS ALEXANDER S. RIGON
Principal III
Captain Albert Aguilar National High School-Main
CAA Road cor Balikatan St. BF International Village, Las Pinas City
Dear Mr. Rigon,

I am Klitch Claui M. Falcutan, a moving up student of Captain Albert

Aguilar National High School Main. I am currently gathering data for my
research paper in English. Specifically my topic study is about The

Influence of Poverty to the SHS track preference among JHS Students
To accomplish the aforementioned goal, I am requesting for your

guidance permission to gather data from students enrolled in our school.
We are going to gather data during the 2nd week of June 2023. We
gathering procedures for the study involve the following having (1) seeking
the informed consent of participants. And (2) administering a questionnaire.
If you have question and concern, we are willing to discuss these matters
with you in person. You can also contact me at clauiklitch@gmail.com
Thank you so much for your time.
Sincerely,
KLITCH CLAUI FALCULAN
Noted by:
MR. JOHN REY REAL
English Teacher
Approved by:
CARLOS ALEXANDER S. RIGON
School Principal
APPENDICES
Appendix B. Research Instrument
June 7, 2023
Dear Grade-10 Students,
We are Grade-10 students from Section Love
My group mates and I currently conducting on The Influence of Poverty to

the SHS track preference among Junior High School Students. Requesting
you a few minutes to participate to this study. As participant, we requested
you to complete the form in 5 minutes. Hoping that you have a time to
participate to us to our study.
Your responses to us will be helpful for our study. Your personal

information (eg name and contact info) will be not part of the given
individual identification numbers. Only your gender, age, and track will be
included in the data files. If you have any concerns please direct your
queries here in clauiklitch@gmail.com.
If you are willing to our study, please direct your attention to the bottom part
of this sheet and fill out the necessary information. Thank you so much for
your participation!
Sincerely,
Team Leafeon
Researchers
Appendix C. Raw Data
N=20
GENDER TALLY TOTAL

MALE 111111111 9
FEMALE 11111111 8
LGBTQIA 111 3
PREFER NOT TO SAY 0
TOTAL 20
AGE TALLY TOTAL

15-16 1111111111111111 16
17 AND ABOVE 1111 4
TOTAL 20
PREFERRED SHS TALLY TOTAL

TRACK OF THE
RESPONDENTS
STEM 1 1
HUMSS 1111111111 10
ABM 11 2
TVL 111111 6
GAS 1 1
20
DECIDER OF YOUR TALLY TOTAL

TRACK
PREFERENCES
PARENTS/ 1 1
GUARDIANS
YOU 1111111111111111111 19
20
Figure 1. IPO Model
Figure 2. Gender Profile of the Respondents
Figure 3. Age Profile of the Respondents
Figure 4. Preferred SHS Track of the Respondents
Figure 5. Decider of your track preference
REFERENCES
Paste here the generated APA references from

https://www.citationmachine.net/apa
McKenzie, K. (n.d.). The effects of poverty on academic achievement

Kendra McKenzie ... - ed. The Effects of Poverty on Academic
Achievement. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1230212.pdf
McKenzie, K. (n.d.-a). Common Challenges Viewed in the Classroom. The

Effects of Poverty on Academic Achievement.
Conel, E. (2022). Factors affecting absenteeism among junior high school

students in a public school. International Journal of Studies in Education and
Science (IJSES), 3(2), 105- 118.
Bernardo, A. I. (n.d.). Financial Stress and Well-being Among Filipino

Students. Financial Stress and Well-being of Filipino Students: The
Moderating Role of External Locus-of-hope.

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CAPTAIN ALBERT AGUILAR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Junior High School Level

THE INFLUENCE OF POVERTY TO THE SHS

A Research Paper Presented to the

Klitch Claui Falculan

Nicole Ann Mandreza

Poverty is the lack of funds necessary to meet necessities

The Needs Theory

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Junior High School students struggle because they don't have

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

2. What is the preferred SHS track of the respondents?

FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

Figure 1. IPO of the Study

The statement from twenty respondents, whose junior high school

Investigating how poverty affects junior high school students'

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

TEACHERS – The teacher will be aware of their situation and help to

GOVERNMENT – They should be aware of the lack of money for

For better understanding on how the terminologies were used in the

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in gender and

Figure 2. Gender Profile of the Respondents

17 AND ABOVE 15-16

FIGURE 3. Age Profile of the Respondents

2. What is the preferred SHS track of the respondents?

PREFERRED SHS TRACK

FIGURE 4. PREFERRED SHS TRACK OF THE RESPONDENTS

DECIDER OF YOUR TRACK PREFERENCE

Parents or Guardians You

FIGURE 5. DECIDER OF YOUR TRACK PREFERENCE

Based on the findings of the study, the following can be concluded:

The researchers want to recommend the following in light of their findings:

1. Providing financial assistance to students who are struggling to afford

2. Offer career counseling services to help students explore their

Appendix A. Permission Letter

MR. CARLOS ALEXANDER S. RIGON

Captain Albert Aguilar National High School-Main

Dear Mr. Rigon,

I am Klitch Claui M. Falcutan, a moving up student of Captain Albert

research paper in English. Specifically my topic study is about The

To accomplish the aforementioned goal, I am requesting for your

KLITCH CLAUI FALCULAN

MR. JOHN REY REAL

CARLOS ALEXANDER S. RIGON

Appendix B. Research Instrument

Dear Grade-10 Students,

We are Grade-10 students from Section Love

My group mates and I currently conducting on The Influence of Poverty to

Your responses to us will be helpful for our study. Your personal

Appendix C. Raw Data

GENDER TALLY TOTAL

AGE TALLY TOTAL

PREFERRED SHS TALLY TOTAL

DECIDER OF YOUR TALLY TOTAL

Figure 1. IPO Model

Figure 2. Gender Profile of the Respondents

Figure 3. Age Profile of the Respondents

Figure 4. Preferred SHS Track of the Respondents

Figure 5. Decider of your track preference

Paste here the generated APA references from

McKenzie, K. (n.d.). The effects of poverty on academic achievement

McKenzie, K. (n.d.-a). Common Challenges Viewed in the Classroom. The

Conel, E. (2022). Factors affecting absenteeism among junior high school

Bernardo, A. I. (n.d.). Financial Stress and Well-being Among Filipino