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Chapter9-HBO PFinal
Chapter9-HBO PFinal
● A group is defined as two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve
particular objectives.
● Role - a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.
○ Role perception - perception of how to act
○ Role expectations - how others expect you to act
○ Role conflict - An individual faces divergent expectations
● Norms - acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group's members
○ Performance norms
○ Appearance norms
○ Social arrangement norms
○ Resource allocation norms
○ Ambiguous responsibility
○ Effectiveness of group decisions:
○ Accuracy
○ Speed
○ Creativity
○ Acceptance
● Groupthink:
○ Groupthink - situation in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising
unusual, minority, or unpopular views.
● Brainstorming can overcome pressures for Conformity.
○ Members generate as many alternatives as they can
○ One idea stimulates others, and group members are encouraged to "think the unusual"
○ No criticism is allowed