Name: Estrebilla, Fritz Laurence S.

BSIT 2-2IRR

PART A.

1-5.)

6.)

a) Which process has the greatest number of read I/O operations since it started?
Answer: Google Chrome
b) Which process has the least number of write I/O operations since it started?
Answer: Snipping Tool
c) Is the total number of I/O bytes read by a process always equal to the total number of I/O bytes written in
the same process?
Answer: The number of bytes read in input/output operations generated by a process including file, network,
and device I/O’s. I/O Read Bytes directed to CONSOLE (console input object) handles are not counted.
d) Would you agree that suspended processes will always hold zero (0) value for both the read and write
I/O operations?
Answer: Yes if the process scheduled is done. If not, the process may still be waiting to be executed.
 e) Is the number of threads directly proportional to the number of bytes written by the process in I/O operation?
Answer: Yes, the number of threads is directly proportional to the number of bytes written by the process
especially when an application is currently in use and still running.

7.) After analyzing the I/O details of the running processes in your computer, would you agree that your computer
implements I/O buffering? Why or why not?

Answer: Yes, as it is needed in order for the process to temporarily store data. And the main purpose of implementing
the buffering in your computer is for it to smooth out the difference in rates at which the device can handle.

PART B.

 Search for relevant and up to date literature and studies about the Windows I/O Manager.

a.) Describe the overall structure of the Windows I/O manager.

Answer: The Windows kernel-mode I/O manager manages the communication between applications and
the interfaces provided by device drivers. They are passed from operating system to specific drivers and
from one driver to another. The Windows I/O system provides a layered driver model called stacks.
 Source:
- Windows Kernel-Mode I/O Manager
- Article - 12/15/2021
- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/kernel/windows-kernel-mode-i-o-manager

b.) Illustrate the structure of the Windows I/O manager based on your understanding.
Answer:
c.) Differentiate the asynchronous and synchronous mode of operation of Windows I/O.
Answer:

Synchronous Asynchronous
1. In Synchronous transmission, Data is sent 1. In asynchronous transmission, Data is sent
in form of blocks or frames. in form of byte or character.
2. Synchronous transmission is fast. 2. In asynchronous transmission, Data is sent
in form of byte or character.
3. Synchronous transmission is costly. 3. Asynchronous transmission is economical.
4. In Synchronous transmission, time interval of 4. In asynchronous transmission, time interval of
transmission is constant. transmission is not constant, it is random.
5. In Synchronous transmission, there is no 5. In asynchronous transmission, there is
gap present between data. present gap between data.
6. Efficient use of transmission line is done in 6. While in asynchronous transmission,
synchronous transmission. transmission line remains empty during gap in
character transmission.
7. Synchronous transmission needs precisely 7. Asynchronous transmission has no need to
synchronized clocks for the information of new synchronized clocks as parity bit is used in this
bytes. transmission for information of new bytes.
 Source:
- Difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission
- https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-synchronous-and-asynchronous-transmission/

d.) Does the Windows I/O manager support any RAID configuration? Rationalize your answer.
Answer: This is supported in Windows as well as in Linux and OS X has the advantage that a single drive
failure has no impact on the data of the second disk or SSD drive. But if your system does not have or
support RAID configuration you can still use RAID without installing a third party RAID.

 Source:
- https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005815/technologies.htm l
- https://www.prepressure.com/library/technology/raid
 e.) In your opinion, what other kernel components work closely with the Windows I/O manager? Elaborate your
answer.
Answer: One of the components that work closely to Windowss I/O manager are the PnP manager and a
type of device driver called a bus driver that guide the allocation of hardware resources as well as to detect
and respond to the arrival and removal of hardware devices. The PnP manager and bus drivers are
responsible for loading a device’s driver when the device is detected. When a device is added to a system
that doesn’t have an appropriate device driver, the executive Plug and Play component calls on the device
installation services of a user-mode PnP manager. The power manager also works closely with the I/O
manager and the PnP manager to guide the system, as well as individual device drivers, through power-state
transitions
 Source:
- Understanding the Windows I/O System
- https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2201309

f.) In your perspective, what is the most significant part of the Windows I/O model and why?
Answer: The most significant part of Windows I/O model is device drivers since it allows device driver to
indirectly act as provider as an intermediary to communicate with the service in user mode.
 Source:
- Understanding the Windows I/O System
- https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2201309