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Diagonalization
Exercise 5. Find the values of the real parameters a, b, c ∈ R such that the following matrix is diagonalizable:
1 a 1
0 1 b .
0 0 c
Exercise 9. Let V be a vector space on R and B = {~e1 , ~e2 , ~e3 , ~e4 } a basis of V . Consider an endomorphism T : V → V
that has the eigenvectors ~v1 = ~e1 + ~e2 + ~e3 + ~e4 , ~v2 = ~e1 + ~e3 + ~e4 , ~v3 = ~e2 + ~e3 + ~e4 and ~v4 = ~e1 + ~e2 + ~e3 ,
associated to different eigenvalues. Assuming that T (2~e1 + ~e2 + 3~e3 + 4~e4 ) = 6~e1 + 5~e2 + 9~e3 + 8~e4 , find the
matrix associated to the endomorphism T w.r.t. the basis {~e1 , ~e2 , ~e3 , ~e4 }.
Exercise 10. In the vector space R3 [x], consider the endomorphism T defined by T (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d) = dx3 + cx2 + bx + a.
a) Show that T is an endomorphism.
b) Compute the matrix associated to T w.r.t. the basis {1, x, x2 , x3 }.
1
c) Find a basis of R3 [x] for which the matrix associated to T is diagonal, and compute this diagonal matrix.
Exercise 12. Consider an endomorphism T of a vector space E. Show that, if λ is an eigenvalue of T , then λp is an
eigenvalue of the endomorphism T p . Also prove that, when T is bijective (i.e., an automorphism), the
eigenvalues of T −1 are the multiplicative inverses of the eigenvalues of T .
Exercise 13. In a certain animal population, there are xk females and yk males. The following generation depends on the
current one through
xk+1 = 0.8xk + 0.7yk
xk+1 = 0.2xk + 0.3yk
Rewrite the relation above in matrix form, and estimate the third generation population starting with 300
females and 100 males. What is the population in the long-term? and what is the main sex in the long-term?
(a) Rewrite the system in matrix form, and check that ~v1 = (2, −3) and ~v2 = (−7, 11) are eigenvectors of
the matrix of such system.
(b) Find the particular solution that satisfies the initial condition y1 (0) = −14, y2 (0) = 22.
(c) Find the particular solution that satisfies the initial condition y1 (0) = −3, y2 (0) = 5.
(b) Find the particular solution that satisfies the initial condition y1 (0) = 9, y2 (0) = −14.
(a) Show that y1 (x) = cos x, y2 (x) = sin x is a solution of the system.
(b) Show that y1 (x) = − sin x, y2 (x) = cos x is a solution of the system.
(c) Find the particular solution that satisfies the initial condition y1 (0) = 0, y2 (0) = 1.
(d) Find the particular solution that satisfies the initial condition y1 (0) = 1, y2 (0) = 1.
Exercise 17. Find the general solution of the system of ordinary differential equations
0
y1 = −y1 + 2y2
y20 = −5y1 − 3y2
Compute the particular solution that satisfies the initial condition y1 (0) = 1, y2 (0) = 1.