Input & Ouput Formatting:

Type Size (bytes) Format Specifier

at least 2, usually 4 (-
int %d , %i
2147483648 to 2147483647)

char 1 %c

float 4 %f

double 8 %lf

Short int 2 usually (-32768 to 32767) %hd

Unsigned short int 2 usually (0 to 65535) %hu

at least 2, usually 4(0 to

unsigned int %u
4294967295)

at least 4, usually 8(-

long int 9223372036854775808 to %ld , %li
9223372036854775807)

at least 8 (-
long long int 9223372036854775808 to %lld , %lli
9223372036854775807)

at least 4 – usually 8(0 to

unsigned long int %lu
18446744073709551615)

unsigned long long at least 8 (0 to

%llu
int 18446744073709551615)

signed char 1 %c

unsigned char 1 %c

long double at least 10, usually 12 or 16 %Lf

Output (printf) Formatting:

% Flag Minimum Precision Size Code
Width
Code:
Size Modifier:
Width Modifier:
Flag modifier: (i) justification (ii) padding and (iii)sign

Sl. No. Statement

1 printf(“%d”, 12345);

2 printf(“%04d”,25);

3 printf(“%i”,1234);

4 printf(“%4.2f”,3.14159);

5 printf(“%x”, 255);

6 printf(“%O\n”, 255);

7 printf(“%08.2f”, -1.2);

8 printf(“%0-8.2f”, -1.2);

9 printf(“%-7.2f\n”, 23.15);

10 printf(“% -+7.2f\n”, 23.15);

11 printf(“% +07.2f\n”, 23.15);

12 printf(“% 0+7.2f\n”, 23.15);

13 printf(“%-7.2f\n”, -23.15);

14 printf(“% -+7.2f\n”, -23.15);

15 printf(“% +07.2f\n”, -23.15);

16 printf(“% 0+7.2f\n”, -23.15);

17 printf(“%d”, printf(“cpgm”));

18 printf(“%d”, printf(“amrita”));

19 printf(“%d”, (scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b)));
 20 printf(“%d”, (scanf(“%d%d%d”,&a,&b,&c)));

Input (scanf) Formatting:

% Flag Maximum Size Code
Width

After scanning, print the variable values , make observations and note them down.

Sl. No. Statement/s

1 scanf(“%d%d%c”,&a,&b,&c);

2 scanf(“%d%d %c”,&a,&b,&c);
3 float a=2.1; scanf(“%5.2f”,&a);
4 int a=1,b=2,c=3; scanf(“%d%*d%d”,&a, &b,
&c); printf(“a=%d\t b=%d\t”, &a, &b);

5 scanf(“%2d%3d”, &a, &b);

printf(“a=%d\tb=%d”, a,b);
6 scanf(“%3d%4d”, &a, &b);
printf(“a=%d\tb=%d”, a,b);
7 scanf(“%3d%4d”, &a, &b);
printf(“a=%d\tb=%d”, a,b);
8 scanf(“%3d%4d”, &a, &b);
printf(“a=%d\tb=%d”, a,b);

Program for getchar() and putchar()

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
main( )
{
char ch;
printf("Enter a character: ");
ch=getchar();
printf("You have entered a character: ");
putchar(ch);
return 0;
}