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    6 views16 pages

    4.6 ODE Solutuioj

    Uploaded by

    ShadowMaster

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Exercises 4.5 (“6A +24B) ~ 2452 +Ce =a +e, Thus A= ~1/6, B= ~1/24, and C= 1, and FS 1d 1 tone + eye? + e* — 529 yf = cyt oar + eye* ~ yf = 205+ eye? yf = ee — 1-2 + 80" + ce? ‘The initial conditions imply ete =0 atatl=0 2y toy +2=0 2+ oq = 0, ‘Thus ¢1 = 2, c= 1, 5 =0, and cg = ~2, and 2 Lis pact ya den2 — oa) Fat ae 73, To see in this case that the factors of L do not commute consider the operators (xD —1)(D + 4) and (D +4)(xD ~ 1). Applying the operators to the furiction 2 we find (cD -1)(D +4)s = (2D? +42D - D~4)z =2D°z + 42Dz~ Dz ~ 40 = 2(0) + 4e(1)- 1-42 = —1 (D+4)(2D 1x =(D+4)(zDz—2) =(D+A(c-1-2) #0. Thus, the operators are not the same Exercises 4.6 ‘The particular solution, yp = urs + ayo, in the folowing problems can take on a variety of forms, especially where trigonometric functions are involved. The validity of a particular form can best be checked by substituting it bock into the differential equation 148 Exercises 4.6 1. The auxiliary equation is m? +1 = 0, so ye = ¢1 cosa + cosinz and | cosz sing w —sinz wee! Identifying f(2) = secx we obtain Then uy y= c1cosx + epsin a+ cosrln| cos z| + xsinz. 2. The auxiliary equation is m +1 = 0, s0 ye = ci cosa +cosinz and cost sing w sing cost Identifying f(x) an we obtain vj =—sinztane= cos ~ see vy = sing. ‘Then wy nz — In| sec2 + tone, w y= e008 + epsina + cose (sinz —In|see + tan |) - coszsinz, 3. The auxiliary equation is m?+1=0, s0 ye= cosa + casing and we| Oz sine] _ =sinz cos2| Identifying f(z) = sinz we obtain | =~ sin? uy = sin? ‘up = cos sin. Then and 1 1 yr ercose + exsinz + 5sinzcos? 2 — 520082 — l Fa1cose + esing — 52 cos 149 Exercises 4.6 4, The auxiliary equation ism? +1 = 0, $0 ye = cy cost +cysin and cose sing w sins cost Identifying f(2) = secz tan we obtain uj = ~sina(secrtanz) = —tan?z =1— sec? uy = cos(seer tans tanz. ‘Then wy =~ tanz, up = —In|cosa|, and eqcos + Sinz +.xcosz ~sinx — sinzln|cos2| =cycosr +eysinx + 20082 — singin |cos ‘The auxiliary equation is m?+1=0, so ye = c1cose + cpsinz and cost sing w L =sinz cost Identifying f(z) = cos? x we chtain ~sinzcos?z uf = cost = cos2(1 -sin* 2) ‘Then ui = }cos?z, ug = sinz ~ jsin?z, and 1 Pe zsinte in + bcos! a «i y= cicosr-+easins + 5 cose +sin?z~ 5 cosa-+ osinz + & (costa + sin") (cost sin?) + sin? 6. The auxiliary equation. is m®+1=0, so ye = c,cosz + esin x and cose sinz w sing cose Identifying f(x) = sec? + we obtain Exercises 4.6 Then 1 w=—pis = eer ‘uw = In|secz + tana] and y= cycose + cpsing ~ cosesecz + sinrIn|secr + tana} = c1cosz + epsing ~ 1 +sinzIn|sece + tanz} . The auxiliary equation is m? — 1 = 0, s0 ye= ce + o€~* and pes) Then and yr oie + 0e7* — sad tact + ie a = cge* + qe”? + Sasinhe. eae + e4e* + 5a - The auxiliary equation ism? ~ 1 = 0, so ye = cre? + c7e™* and Identifying f(z) = sink 2r we obtain Exercises 4.6 ‘Thea and we Lime 1 seyet + pe + Se 4 yracl tae + Ge™ + 30 =cqe* a2 lps sasteqetat (ae cyt =e + Oe" + sinh 2c. 9. ‘The auxiliary equation is m?— 4 = 0, so ye = c1e* + ge" and, Identifying f(2) 1 = zin|z|, uy = Zhala and wm cre pene + (cia 10. The auxiliary equation is m? —9 = 0, so ye= c1e™* + o1¢~* and weet pete — Lente Tyg te Sapte pace + oe — retire = oye 4 eye — fea = 32). 152 Exercises 4.6 (m+ 1)(m + 2) = 0, 80 ye = c1e-* + ce ™* and 22 11. The auxiliary equation is m? + 3m +2 a2 w ef e aed ‘Wentifying f(a) = 1/(1 +e%) we obtain we 1 Tre 2 @ WS "Tye ise Then uy = In(1 + ef), uz =In(1 +e) ~ ef, and ya cre? + ope + e°Fin{l + e*) +e7™ In(l + €*) — oF + one + (1+ em *)e Ini + €*), , $0 Ye = cre + pre and ‘The auxiliary equation is m? — 2m +1 = (m—1)?= 12. wale 2 jae je re tet Identifying f(x) = e#/ (1 +27) we obtain net SEE a yee = 2° ea) 14a? ‘Then wy = —}ln (142°), up =tan"!z, and Lie 2. eee gen (1+2") +2et tan $0 Ye = e* + exe“ and y= oe tone’ ‘The auxiliary equation is m? +3m+2= (m+ 1}(m+2)= gtr | a: 13. 26% Identifying (2) = sine® we obtain 2 sine ‘Then ui = —cose®, up = ef cosa sine®, and y= cye* + ope" — &°* coset + e°* cose* = ce +e ~ sine? 153 Exercises 4.6 14. The auxiliary equation is m?— 2m +1 = (m ~ 1)? = 0, s0 ye = eye! + cxte! and =e tan" = tan. Then and ae yaa rend + (ASE n(1+8)) 15, The auxiliary equation is m? + 2m +1 = (m+ 1)? =0, so ye = ce“ + ente™* and sie! tegtel + Ze (Pt) ante Identifying f(t) Then, = oe tentet + We oy 7 3 16. The auxiliary equation is 2m? + 2m +1 = 0, 50 ye = e~*/¥{c1 cosr/2 + op sinz/2) and 154 47. 18. Exercises 4.6 er sing 2/2 Je-2/2 co 3 — Jet sin § fer*?? cos — Je*??sin § Identifying f(z) Acta an} ~2/Poste/2)OVE _ 4esit agg ~ 2 a Then : : 4 &? Visin 5 at Vices « [iP Vtcost and z zP i zp t yee, cos + nsinZ) —der* eos ff eVisin Sat dere? sin [et Vicon hat ‘The auxiliary equation is 3m?— 6m +6 =0, so ye = €*(c; cosz+e2sinz) and eo @sinz efcosr— sing eFcosr+efsine Identifying f(z) = je secz we obtain ) __(esinz)(e* secz)/3 a 1 _ (efcosz)(e?secz)/3_ 1 = eG Then u: = $in(cosz), uz = fx, and 1 1 ya ere cone tone cosz + j in(oosz)et cose + 52e" sing 3 ‘The auxiliary equation is 4m? — 4m +1 = (2m — 1)? = 0, s0 ye = cre?! + cpre*!? and sft nett cal era joel? +e? Identifying f(a) = 4e*/2VT=2? we obtain ee ttTe —e 155. 1. 20. Exercises 4.6 ‘Then and 3/2 2 sin ym cre? + egret? + Te8/? (1 2 + te Ie + beet? in te, The auxiliary equation is 4m? ~ 1 = (2m — 1)(2m +1) = 0, so ye = cre*/? + cpe-*/? and em es Welar pest Identifying f(x) = ze*/?/4 we obtain uj = 2/4 and u uy = —n0"/4 +e /4, Thus set /A. Then uy = 22/8 and ym cnet eget Datel? — 1 2/2 +E 7 1 L el poe Later gre and 1 1 1 L 1 wget? — dogen2!2 4 Lagtee? 4 bgeel? — Iyer Vm eae? — Sener? + Eater? 5 Eaetl? — Ze ‘The initial conditions imply ato 1 A 2 ‘Thus c3 = 3/4 and cp = 1/4, and 3 nl 1 1 ity Lynaiay Voge? lL pas/2 a Geral 4 satel? — ‘The wuxiliary equation is 2m? +m — et cia he Identifying f(z) = (z+ 1)/2 we obtain Exercises 4.6 ne weasel (25-2) up = sae’ ‘Thus and ‘The initial conditions imply ‘Thus ¢) = 8/3 and e = 1/3, and v ‘Then Thus ys ce + one = ge + ope and ae nae Lye Deye™ — dene + 50 157 Exercises 4.6 ‘The initial conditions imply eet 7 2-4 =O. Thus ¢: = 25/26 and o2 = 4/9, and 22. The auxiliary equation is m? — 4m + 4 = (m — 2)? = 0, 0 ye = c1e** + cyze** and ee Je 2% De +e) 8” w= Hdentifying f(z) (1202 — 6) e® we obtain uj = 62? ~ 123" ‘uy = 122” — 6. Then Thus a= exe + one + (20° — 324) 0% + (40 — a2) ae* = ce tense +e (zt 2°) and of = Deve + oy (Bee +) +2 (403 — 30?) + 20% (ct ‘The initial conditions imply a o=3 2 te =O. ‘Thus ¢, = 1 and cp = -2, and 22 — ase 4 a ( y 2) = 0% (2-28-2241) 23. Write the equation in the form ou oa 1 u'+bi+(1-2y) @ and identify f(z) = 2-¥/?. From y; = z~"/? cos and yp = 27? sin z we compute 158 Exercises 4.6 on a Veos eV sing al WW) _2sing —4a-Wcosr 2M cosa = jxVPsinz| = Now uj =sing so uw) =cosz, od uy =cosr $0 wu; = sing. ‘Thus yaar cose + oe sing +a-Y? cost a + aN? sin? x meres + eV sing +27? 24. Write the equation in the form ail 1 sec(Inz) vet pw 3 and identify f(z) = seo(In.2)/2. From ys = cos(In2) and yp = sin(In-z) we compute cos(inz) —sin(In.z) W=) sin(nz) cos(inz) = = Now 50 uy = In|cos(inz)}, and so up=lne. ‘Thus, a particular solution is yp = cos(in 2) In |cos{In.)) + (In) sin(in2). 25. The auxiliary equation is m? +m = m(m? + 1) =0, 80 ye = cy +c cosa + cg sine and 1 cose sing We|0 -sinz cose 0 cost —sinz 159 Exercises 4.6 Identifying /(@ tang we obtain 0 cose sine 0 -sinz cose |= tanz tang cose sing 1 0 sing wy=W=|0 0 cose |=-sinz 0 tanz ~sinz 1 coz 0 —— uy 0 -sinzg 0 singtanz = 2 = cos secs 0 ~cost tans, Then ty = ~In|eosz| uy = cose ug = sing ~ In|secx + tans] and y scr tencose +eysinr ~ In| cosc| + cos? 4 + 630082 + cy sinz — Jn |cosz|—sinxIn|secx + tan z| for -00 <2 < 00, 26. The auxiliary equation is m? + 4m 2 +4) = 0, 80 ye = cy + 0p.008 2x + cysin2e and 1 cost sin2e W=|0 -2sin2z 2cos2e 0 -dc0s2z —4sin2z 160 Exercises 4.6 Identifying f(z) = sec 2x we obtain 1 0 cos2z sin 2 =a i 0 ~2sin2x 2eos2r | = < seo 22 sec2r —Acos2r —4sin 2r J. 0 singe eee w= gWe=}]0 0 2e082e 5 0 sec2z —4sin 27 2 cost 0 ae wa GWs=G/0 ~2sin2e 0 0 -4cos2z sec2z ‘Then 1 uy = gln|sec22+ tan 23) and ye + epcos2x + cysin2e + fin loee2z + tan] = jrcose + J sin Zea |cos2z| for —n/aca< c/a 27. The euxiliary equation is 3m? —6m-430 = 0, which has roots 1+ 3i, 80 ye = €*(¢1 cos 3+ sin 32). We consider frst the differential equation 3y" ~ 6y/ + My = 1Ssinz, which can be solved using undetermined coefficients. Letting yp, = Accs + Bsinz and substituting into the diferental equation we get (274 ~ 6B) cosz + (6a + 278) sin x = 15sinz. Then 27A-6B=0 and 6a+27=15, so A= and B= %. Thus, yp, = Bcosz+ fsinz. Next, we consider the differential equation 3y/ ~ 6+ 30y, for which a particular solution ypp can be found using variation of parameters. The Wronskian is € cos 32 sind es Je cose ~ Set sin 32 Sef cos32 + eF singe | ~ Identifying f(z) = fe tan x we obtain Poa pale uj=—gsin3ztendr and wp = 5 sin3e. 161 28. 29. Exercises 4.6 ‘Then eran) ae 1 ar 32S ; a Be sn = ees on™ an) ~n(cn 8 -on 2) and the general solution of the original diferentil equation is y = eF(61 cos 32 + pin 32) + yp,() + ypa( =) ‘The auxiliary equation is m*—2m+1 = (m—1)? = 0, which has repeated root 1, s0 ye = c1e* +cnme We consider first the differential equation y/’ ~ 2y/ + y = 42? — 3, which can be solved using undetermined coefficients. Letting yp, = Ac? + Bz +C and substituting into the differential ‘equation we get Az? + (-4A + B)x + (24 —2B + C) = de? -3. ‘Thea -4A+B=0, and 24-28+C=- so A= 4, B= 16, and C= 21. Thus, yp, = 42? + 162 +21. Next we consider the differential equation y/" — 2y/ + y = 27e*, for which a particular solution yp can be found using variation of parameters. The Wronskian is wel os e ret + er [2 we obtain uj = —1 and wh = 1/z. Then uy = —2 and up = Inc, so that, Yn = 2 +e In, and the general solution of the original differential equation is cqre® +42? + 162 +21 — ze" + ze" Ing Y= Ye* Yo. + Yon = C18 ‘The interval of definition for Problem 1 is (~m/2,m/2), for Problem 7 is (—00, 0), for Problem 9 is (0,00), and for Problem 18 is (~1,1). In Problem 24 the general solution is ‘y= excos(in xz) + epsin(ln 2) + cos(lnz) In |cos(Inz)] + (In) sin(iaz) for —n/2

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