PHYSICAL AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT

FOOTBALL LEARNING GUIDE/PLAYING RULES

RULE 1: number of players=11 on each side.3 substitutes allowed.

Duration of the game-

• Normal game-2 halves of 45 minutes each .interval of 15minutes.
• Tie break-2 halves of 15 minutes each. interval of 1 minute.

RULE 2: the start of the game (kick off) rules:

• Each team must have a minimum of 7 players maximum 11.

• Captains toss ends or kick off.
• The winner of the toss will choose either to start the game or choose the side on which to play
from.
Question: why is a choice of which side to play from, an advantage in some games?
• Players take their playing positions.
• The non- starting team must be 10 yards away from the ball i.e (outside the centre circle)
• The starting player must walt for the referee to signal the start.
• Once the ball is touched by the starting player,it is in play.
• The taker can kick for a goal and score.
• A free kick s awarded for breach of kick off rules.
RULE NO 3: The field of play:

QUESTION: What are the centre line markings of each of the markings?

RULE NO. 4: Goal area rules:

• Inside here the goal keeper enjoys special protection

• G.K can catch the ball.
• Goal kick is taken from here.
 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT

RULE NO. 5: 24 yards area (penalty box).

• Area in which the goal keeper must kick the ball for a goal keeper’s kick.
• Inside here the goal keeper can catch the ball
• Inside here the goal keeper cannot receive the ball with his hands if the ball is from a back
pass(meru’s its not mbakpas) from his teammate:except-
a) If the ball was ‘chested’ to him
b) If the ball was ‘headed’ to him
c) If it was not an intended back pass,the ball might hit his teammate’s body.
d) If a goal keeper receives a back pass with his hands,a free kick is awarded against his
teeam(how the kick is taken will be prctised)
e) If a goal keeper crosses the box marks with the ball in his hands,a free kick is awarded
against his team.it’s taken from the point where the goal keeper crossed the box mark
f) Inside here the nine penal offences are penalized with a penalty.the penal offences are-
i. A defender catching or touching the ball with his hands in the act of defence
ii. A defender charging an opponent
iii. A defender tripping an opponent
iv. A defender pulling an opponent
v. A defender obstructing an opponent.

QUESTION: which are the other penal offences? i have given you 6,give me your 3-(an adult is not
assisted to cross a river,he is shown how to cross the river)

• If an attacker commits any of the penal offences while inside the box, a free kick is awarded
against his team. the free kick is taken from where the offence occurred.
 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT

• During a penalty kick,only the taker of the penalty and the goal keeper are allowed inside the
box.the rest of the players should be outside the box but inside the playing field.
• During a penalty kick the ball must be placed at the penalty mark.
QUESTION: how far is the penalty mark from the goal line?

RULE 6: the 10 yards rule.

• It states that during a goal kick,kick off,free kick and corner kick,all opposing players must be 10
yards away from the ball.
• A spray mark is made by a referee to indicate the area beyond which opposing players should
not be(the spray was introduced in the year 2016.it was called magic spray because it
disappears after a minute.the kisii called it ‘matiki’. We now refer to it as spray.)

QUESTION: which are the 3 permanently marked 10 yards areas?

RULE 7: the goal line rule:

• When a ball crosses this line,it is out of the field of play

• If the ball was lastly played or lastly touched by a defender(goal keeper included) a corner kick is
awarded to the defender.
• If the ball crosses this line between the two goal posts and the cross bar,a goal(score) is
awarded unless the playing rule have been breached.

RULE 8: the corner kick.

• It is awarded as explained in rule above

• The ball must be placed at the corner mark
• The opponents of the taker must be 10 yards away from the ball
• The moment the ball is touched by the taker,it is in play
• A goal can be scored directly from a corner kick
• A player can be offside directly from a corner kick

RULE 9: the side line rule

• When the ball crosses the side line,it is out of the field of play
• The opponent of the player who took the ball out is awarded a throw-in
• Substitution must be done along the side line

RULE 10: the throw-in rule

 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT

• It is awarded as explained in rule 9

• The taker of the throw must face the field
• The throw must be near the point where the ball went out through
• The ball must be thrown with both hands and from above the eyes level (the ball be above the
head level)
• The thrower should not lift his feet while throwing
• The ball must be thrown and not dropped
• A score(goal) cannot be made directly from a throw-in
• A player cannot be offside directly from a throw-in

RULE 11: the centre line and offside

• The centre line demarcates the court into two equal halves-it shows the playing court from team
A$B
• The game is started at the centre sport
• Area beyond which a player can be offside
Offside.
Offside is a situation where an attacking player places himself at an advantage position near the
opponents goal line inorder to gain advantage of his position to receive the ball and score.it is
not allowed in football
- A player is said to be in an offside position if: AT THE MOMENT THE BALL IS KICKED, he is
nearer the opponents goal line than two defenders ie a goal keeper and more players.
- If the player has not crossed the center line, then he is not offside
Exceptions:
❖ If the player does not attempt to play the ball or does not gain advantage of his
position, he is not penalized for offside
❖ If the player is merely returning to his own half, and does not attempt to play the
ball,no offside
❖ If he receives the ball directly from a throw- in
❖ If he has out run his opponents and he was not originally from an offside position,he
is not offside
The question to ask as a referee is where was the player at the moment the ball is
kicked not after the kick.
Playing skills shall be done practically
REVISION QUESTIONS.
 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT

You now know how to cross the river,now cross by attempting the following
questions:
1. What is a dead ball situation?give examples and proceed as a referee.
2. What are sudden death penalties?
3. Explain the substitution rule in football.
4. Who are the officials in a foot ball match and what are their duties?

References:

1) physical Education

teachers guide KIE

2) Know the game (KTG soccer)

3) FIFA soccer rules (www.FIFA org)

4) FIFA/KFF & FKL guide book

5) FIFA rules book guide 2018

Assessment: 3 CATs Practicals = 100

2 hour written examination = 100

Final grade is an average of the two but each total must be 40 and above.
PHYSICAL AND HEALTH DEPARTMENT
 PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

VOLLEYBALL LEARNING GUIDE

This learning guide provides the learner with the necessary knowledge of the game of volleyball.

The game provides knowledge on;

• The values of the game

• Playing skills

GUIDE TOPICS

RULE 1: THE PLAYING COURT

18 meters net line

5 4 2 1

9 meters
6 3 3 6

1 2 4 5

1 2 4 5
Substitution box

Attack line service line

• The court is 18 meters long (side line) and 9 meter width service line.
• The attack line is 3 meters from the centre line (Net line)
• There is a substitution box that is 3 meter long on the side line and on the side of the 2nd
referee for each team.
• The court playing positions are 1 – 6.

Court equipments and officials equipments

• There should be net posts, low high?

• There should be a net. What length and width?
• There should be an antenna of what length and what color?
• There should be a referee chair
• There should be a:
✓ Time keepers stopwatch
✓ A table and chairs for;
- Time keeper
- Recorder
- Match commission
✓ A substitution bench for substitutes.
✓ Electronic board (for scores display) when the game is played indoor.
✓ A score sheet
✓ A reliable whistle (firimbi)

Playing requirements
• A ball/ what is the weight of a volleyball ball.
• Player attire;
✓ Shorts and jersey
✓ Sport shoes

RULE 2: NUMBER OF PLAYERS

In a live game only 6 players are allowed in court. A team is allowed to have 6 substitutes.
Among the substitutes may be a liberal player.

The liberal player (bold only)

• He/ she wear a different color from the other players.

• He must be registered as such.
• He can only play at the back court i.e. position 1.3.6 only
• He cannot serve the ball
• He can substitute anybody at the back court any time the ball is dead without informing the
referee.
• He cannot play at the front court i.e. position 4.3.2.
• He cannot cross the ball over the net.

RULE 3: THE START OF THE GAME (SERVE OFF)

• Captains toss for ends or service

• The winner of the toss can choose either to start the service or to to choose from which side
of the court to start.
• Teams take playing positions 1 to 6.
• If a player takes position 4 for which is called strong in (playing terms) he cannot stay
position 3 (centre) in the set. The same applies to each position for each player.
• First referee and second referee take the refereeing positions.
• The referee must blow his whistle (firimbi) for the server to serve the ball. So in volleyball
we start the game by a service.

RULE 4: HANDLING THE BALL

• The ball is played using the hands, the foot and any part of the body to volley the ba. It is
mainly played using hands.
• Service must be done using the hand.
• A team is allowed a maximum of three touches of the ball before the ball crosses the net.
• If there is a simultaneous touch of the ball involving two opponents (normally during
blocking over the net) the touch is not counted as a touch so a team can still touch the ball 3
times after the simultaneous touch.
• A liberal player is not allowed to cross the ball over the net.
• If the ball touches either a referee, net post or the antenna, it is a dead ball and is a score to
the opponent of the team that lastly volleyed the ball.
• If a ball lands (falls) on the ground it is a score to the opponent if the ball landed inside the
court.
• If a ball is volleyed and it goes out of the court of play, it is a score to the opponent of the
team that volleyed it.
• Double touch is not allowed i.e. volleying the ball to you twice or playing the ball twice
before another player touches it.
RULE 5: ROTATION

• Any time a team gains a service, it must rotate. Gaining a service means your team has killed
the opponent’s service.
• Explanation;
- If team A serves and looses the service through a foul in their play, team B gains a
service. Team B has killed team A’s service. Team B must rotate.
• Rotation is done clock wisely i.e. the player in position 1 rotates to position 6, 6 to 5, 5 to 4, 4
to 3, 3 to 2 and 2 to 1. So the player who was in position 2 before rotation is the one who
takes position 1. Position 1 player is the one who serves the ball.
• Faulty rotation leads to a score to the opponent and the opponent also gains a service.
• Check the rotation rules for a liberal player under rule 2.
• When a team gains a score from its own service, it does not rotate. The player who served
continues to serve.

RULE 6: MAKING A SCORE (POINT) AND WINNING A SET AND A MATCH

• Any time a team makes a playing mistake, the opponent team makes a score or point.
• The playing mistakes include the ones already listed plus;
✓ Touching the net
✓ A service that does not cross the net
✓ Volleying the ball more than 3 times.
✓ Ball landing inside the court
✓ Ball landing outside the court
 ✓ Wrong substitution
✓ Double touch
✓ E.t.c.

Winning a set

A volleyball match between team A and B is made up of 5 sets.

• Each set is made up of 25 scores – except set 5 that is made up of 15 scores.

• For a team to win a set it must make 25 scores. If team A scores 24 ponts and team B 24
scores, the two teams go to 26 points. In other words, there must be a difference of 2 scores
for a team to be declared a winner of a set. In the 5th set the team must also win by a margin
of 2 scores, meaning the game can go beyond 25 or 15 scores.
• The winner of a match is the team that wins 3 sets out of 5.
• If the teams tie at 2 sets each, they play set 5 to break the tie.
• After each set, teams change sides

Set 5 rules

• It is played when the 2 teams tie at 2 sets each.

• Team captains must toss for service or side.
• At the 8th score, teams change sides again but must retain the playing positions held prior to
changing.
• The winner must win by a margin of 2 scores as seen earlier.

RULE 7: SUBSTITUTION

• Substitution of the whole team can be done.

• Substitution is done when the ball is dead.
• Substitution must be done at the substitution box.
• The player getting in must wait for the player leaving the court to leave first before he/ she
gets in.
• The substitute must be registered as a player of the team.
• Substitution can be requested by the captain or the coach.
• The referee must allow the substitution.
• See the liberal player substitution rule also.
• Reasons for substitution;
✓ To replace an injured player
✓ To change tactics
✓ To replace a tired player
✓ Psychological effect in the opponent

RULE 8: TIME OUTS

• A time out is a break, or stoppage of a game. It can be called;

✓ By a referee when;
- He wants to consult the other referee or official
- When there is an interruption of the game by fans, power blackout, facility equipment
or a fray.
✓ By a coach or captain to;
- Rest his team
- Advice the team
✓ Automatic time out
- At the 8th score and
 - At the 16th score
• During time out, the team players leave the court.
• During time out for referee’s consultations, the teams remain in the playing field until the
referee communicates otherwise.
• Time out lasts for a maximum of 1 minute (one minute), except the referee’s timeout which
may take more time or less depending on the situation.
• A team is allowed 3 captains or coach initiated time outs.
• If team A calls for a time out, team B benefits from the time out also.

LESSON 9: PLAYING SKILLS

The following playing skills are demonstrated in the video. You will be assessed practically as
you perform the skills, practice them.

• Service skills allowed

✓ The under arm service
✓ The tennis serve
✓ The jump tennis serve
• Receiving skills allowed
✓ The dig
✓ The volley
✓ The toss or set
✓ The kick volley
• Spiking skills allowed
✓ Open palm spike
✓ The cut spike
 ✓ The back hand spike
✓ The running spike
• Blocking skills allowed
✓ The one man block
✓ The two man block
✓ The three man block
• Covering allowed
✓ The block cover
✓ Back court cover
✓ Combined cover

Assessment: 3 CATs 3 Practicals = 100

2 hour written examination = 100

Final grade is an average of the two but each total must be 40 and above

30-39-supplimentary

0-29-E grade

References

• KTG Volley ball

• Internet;kva website
 P.E DEPARTMENT

BASKETBALL LEARNING GUIDE

How to learn a sport/ game:

A. You must have seen the game being played.at your age you also know a few
things about the game .we build on the knowledge
B. Every game has playing skills .the playing skills are applied in accordance with
the rules of the game .the rules of the game are applied by the referee.
C. If you learn how to play the game(playing skills) you can show someone how it is
played.
D. If you learn how to apply a playing rule you can referee a game. it’s that easy.

In this guide we concentrate on the rules of the game how to play the game will be done
practically. We learn a new game by asking simple questions.

QUESTON 1.what is a basket ball game?

It is a game played with hands.it is similar to net ball only that in basket ball everybody
can shoot for a score and that the field does not have offside marks.it is similar to hand
ball only that the goal(basket) is elevated.

QUESTION 2 .how many people play the game?

5 player on each side.then a team is allowed to have 5 substitutes.

QUESTION 3. How long does a basket ball game last?

There are 4 quarters of 15minutes at each quarter for college level games at each
tournament (what is a tournament?) time can be divided into two halves of 20 minutes
each half with a rest interval of 5 minutes or 10 minutes depending on the age of the
players.

QUESTON 4. How is the game started?

The game is started with a jump ball at the centre of the circle.opponent players stand at
the centre circle as illustrated below and then the referee tosses the ball up for any of the
player to catch and play on
 P.E DEPARTMENT

Figure 1.0 jump ball position

After half time i.e. after the end of the 2nd quarter,the game is started again with a jump ball.

QUESTION: how does a player move with the ball or how do we hande the ball?

When a player receives a ball he can:

• Walk with the ball for two steps then start a dribble(remember the triple toke) or
• Walk with the ball for two steps then pass or
• Walk with the ball for two steps then shoot or
• Receive and pass or shoot
Remember the hand ball three steps the dribble and convert u to a two step then dribble.
NB. Any step beyond the two step is a violation of the rules.

QUESTION: what is a pass in B.Ball?

It is a throw of a ball to a team mate. A player is allowed to make any of the following passes
that is:

• Under arm pass of any distance

• Shoulder pass of any distance
 P.E DEPARTMENT

• Over head pass of any distance

• Bounce pass of any distance
• Back parts(remember the paka pass of any distance)
• Side pass of any distance
NB: we practiced these skills in hand ball.use the skills in basketball too.
QUESTION: How long can a player hold the ball without dribbling or passing?
5 seconds
QUESTION: what mistakes (called violation in bball) can a player make while
handling the ball?
I. Holding the ball without dribbling or passing or shooting for more than 5 seconds
II. Dribbling the ball with both hands at the same time( called double dribble)
III. Dribbling the ball then catching and commencing a dribble(called illegal dribble)
IV. Making more than two steps with the ball(called travelling)
V. Dribbling or passing the ball back to your own half court after the ball had
crossed the half court luhyia’s call it paka court
VI. Turning without pivoting(called a walk)
NB: Any of the above( i) to( vi) will lead to a loss of possession I.e. the referee
will blow, award a side throw to the opponent.

QUESTION: how is a score made in basket ball?

A player may jump or stand to attempt to score a point.
A score in basket ball is called a basket.
it can be made from anywhere inside the court.
Any player can attempt a basket
A player who throws the ball and the ball goes through the basket ball ring has made a
basket.
QUESTION: how many points is a score?
• A basket made from inside the 3 points arch( see the court below) is worth 2
points
• A basket made from a free throw is worth 1 point
• A basket made from outside the 3 points arch(3 pointer as they call it) is worth
3 points
QUESTION: how does the basket ball court look like?
FIGURE 2.2…basket ball court.
 P.E DEPARTMENT

QUESTION: what happens when the ball goes out of the field?

If the ball goes out of the field of play throw the side line, a throw in is awarded to
the opponent of the player who took the ball out. The opponent will pick the
ball,stand outside the sideline and within 5 seconds throw in the ball to his team
mate.

So the ball goes out through the baseline,the opponent of the player who took the
ball out will do as explained above

When a basket ball has been made,the team that has conceded the basket will
restart the game at the base line(goal line) by throw in

If two players take the ball out of the field to play and the referee is not sure of
who took the ball out(simultaneous violation) the referee shall award a jump
ball(the modern practice of how this is done will be demonstrated after you learn
the practical basics)
QUESTION : of what use are the markings in a basket ball game?
Side line and baseline has been explained
The restricted area-
 P.E DEPARTMENT

Opposing players should not stay inside here for more than 3 seconds,if he does
and receives the ball,he must cause the ball to leave the D before attempting a
basket
NB: 3 seconds do not count when the ball is in the air or from a rebound off a
backboard
During a free throw,only the taker of the throw is allowed inside here.(you will be
shown where to stand during a free throw)

The three point arch has been explained-

The centerline
• Back court violations explained
• Double court violation ie one leg in the front court and the other in the back
court and you receive or handle the ball,it is a violation called double court
• Within 8 seconds after receiving a ball,a team must cause the ball to leave its
back court.
Centre circle-
• Starting the ball as seen
• The other purposes shall be explained and demonstrated practically
QUESTION: what are time rules in bball?
These are time restrictions imposed in a player while playing the game.
➢ 3 seconds explained
➢ 5 seconds explained
➢ 8 seconds explained
➢ 20 seconds-substitution whatsoever
The number must be done within 20 seconds
24 seconds a team in possession of the ball must attempt to make a score
within 24 seconds
A violation of the time rules leads to a side throw to the opponent
Revision questions:
1. What is a foul in basketball?
This is a breach of the playing rules
A foul is more serious than a violaton why?
2. A foul has several consequences,what are they?
3. What is a personal foul?
4. What is a double foul?
5. What is a multiple foul?
6. What is a disqualifying foul.
 P.E DEPARTMENT

Assessment: 3 CATs 3 Practicals = 100

2 hour written examination = 100

Final grade is an average of the two but each total must be 40 and above

30-39-supplimentary

0-29-E grade

References

• KTG basketball
• Internet KBF Website