(med om the Mozstead Stabe? Solid Liquid Gas olen molecwarfunce >) Tamal | Tntermaleculan fore) Thermal (ste molecular. fomee ¢ Thermal enn ener eects |. Parkidles are closely packedyia, 2. Partidee aru lowsely pacha 2. Parhtles are dix apart, /a, Thay have vary hes ae in they howe, Waybare Tikerepamtiel lage Tnter. particle space presents spece., space. 2. Thyy have defile shape and. 3:Thiy dow have caftnite Thay dow't have. dof nite volume. Shape Louk ove definite velund Shape. 67 valume.. 3 Geranalyp , thy can't flow. Thay com fle us Thy cam Phew 4 Thug ana. incompne ssible and | 4. Lacompnesstble Compressible rigid -( Thay have no odfect of pressuou. ). ia Classifteatt ow. of Solid Based on the asvraygement of particles. Solid Goystelbine arden dvkoution ef patiles Regula noel Ne negulon anttange-ment of paste 4. Log itange ondene obsonved. or vary Shoert ca orden. ai a Tsotrepie. im mature sie, oll twa pipet Anisorhopic. ie, propane (Ake ,refrackive.Seeerreeren ereere re reere ereareererteeeee rere reese eestor rere eer eeee reece neeeeeereerrereee ree eeereeeeeeerareernee eee eaeeeeee te. dinection. 3h oe have fixed ned ing aed have. ficad eet aud botireg esi pebryia. tng malts own a_omga f| pe nts Temperoline 24. Tthaydoo't howe ye sgymenedey elemonts they haveplane, pAxis_or Cerne of spre STE ck lth te testing dnt give | Gre chomp adpe on cutding shop ec. Crystalline. Soliche L L a a Moleculost solid Covalent soll Tonic soli Motel soltte ede up. f Made up ef oleode Made. up of Medeup Mada tp of mek ones “i Covolertly bonded afoms Eg Mao, Kar fom (kernals | ard aa diamond, Sic mobile electrons Space lattice Regular. S-D_andangement of parties tne a. partcoular p atn—ie_callled space lattice. Lotlice paint Each. point inthe space fottioe het denotes He portile ,is called. Lethico pon be Unit The epeoting unit Space labh'c it called urate cet. Space lattice Laltice- — es paint ¢{—y+—+ et-F Pre ri iat + ttt to} }e—|j+ © edliFonensvatSiferant deype of unit oh + A. Fremative | Pmbbles ase proud ony af the_covran. > Q LH 2 Face conned unit 2. Pontidles ane present at Me eormns ao well ap coc Faxce_contros. Boda center Coo’e unit cel 2 Fentiles ome presents af the cornins af fe cubic. pereettereceet thee bot yar 8 oO iS) End-Sace_cawhe * Pontites anu pnesent at he carnane a6 urll athe ts paste face_contnes.Edge centne culo‘ unit coll © farritlec a precont at fhe cayners and at hee each ode cantves. Cagstoll sepstm ine 2D > - En Ad ont Suu crystal gystem.is prsrbo/e. AML he ponte unit cells that pu cam think of utll be weduced to amp ene of fhe Followiteg? Cryetell setam im 2D- be Spare % = |» P=IJ0° 2+ Reclangulrt son aa, P=90 3. Hexagonal + Q\=4, 5 B= 120° 4, Oblique 5 AF 4g GA's PFIRO® Bros hathice in 2D 5 TF we considan al the persib/e_pramsh’ amd anon: pramitva. untt celle we get brows bablic from the etuystol System. Rectona whoo. unit cet) can have bedy centred unit cot Tee 2D, © tatth out affecting the symmatyp. Tn 2D. toled © bavi lathices ane posibfe, and Bravit lebice 2eee fs pant | Cormen | Face-cenfned | Body cen [Pec | lee [e pa unit cel ae = Nelume of pettles present ~_Tofad volume ef the unit telt Fackty offceney = (te x00) Colentation of pa chigg fraction af Stinplo entre" Cato! umber of porice present = 8x = 1. — Total wyslume of ta pontile < Sort <> Jf \otume of the unit cell = @ = (Any = Br? 2 = - Raskin fnchon (pr) = AG —— = = =o ees ee ta Packing edficiencip = OS2x100 = S2% Rencentage of void = (i00- Sos Caloulasion of packing frachion of Body centred cubic labtice . en ee Ramer seesieeeaie einer et eestg cereraeeeeeeteraa eee eeeegaEScere eee ae eee eee eee meee eee eee Tefal volume occupaicl byp te parties = 2 Amys = are Tofolrvolume. f Fhe Unit cel = a? Frorn tha image i is clean. that Body diag ane! ae Gody dtogonel of a cube ~ 13.12. {5 «= he a = tee 3 2. The volume of the unit cell= P= (4 ») = $s a Bam xx? IS a The packtig Fraction “ae = TYP = og 8g Foacig offceney = O68 xI00 = 68% HO! Pind the packing ffirrency and percentage of vold fox FCC. Dist 3 YR aad | peste AD pec $ CLES II) = Cowrdinohin cmmben = CN = 2. a-D ae AA Aye, Beno ne et re ee eeSecond layete is exactly leefowd fhe Ast Hoogmnal close pking (ony lagetrs Vetd present bo square planar. CNE Se, aso Known 44 sae packing « one 4 Or Pe 2 ll He laupenre are epusvalont. Close in Three Dimensions CN=6 \ \ \ ARCABC- type, packing. ® Dn this type of packing thirer- layers are diffinerd. aig CCubie Clove Packing (CCP) CNe!2, Unit ell = FCC Packing Srachion = Oth Cololation of packs effierenap > Facking Pictenup is same fon alk the ponsible unt cell. Cimce hen the unt cell Bring f cep B eqeted fo packing etency Gf Fut, is FOC. PaclcingTone unt oll of Fee, number & pontife = OF4 +8xy 24 fofol valume- SF partite = 4 Lae = JB nv? Face diagonal =f agqr 2 (9 a = Up => a2 saan & a 2 oe Packing? ractiem = aap 5 i x cat ava DF the mumbon of partivle =N The rwunboot of ttrbadiol vord= AN Tho nutterber of octahedral void = Tetrochadrod void is created if ent porkicle Ts placed on the triangular. void. Octo hadi void eneated if drdorgulor void 4s paatiatly filled by amation three spare. Tetra. terol void. This vold bp surrounded by 4 sphanas $0, CM= 4 Octahadvol voit. Thi votde a2 surrounded! ey 6 sphere. eves Tn Fee unit cb! , coetstadiadousids axe present at the SexgorceninestbsAyicentr: and the G veide. ane present adjacent. ta each, corner. Eack body agonal comtarns tn Ty vai ond ona Oy voide.Colaultn of packing Aecton © “Si eb The volume. of unit coh= Pea of haogeal bas. x bight of ice anit. “Ke ESD » es Prreo. of bane = GO xanwa of eputlafre & a oxBor =6 rey asd = Bre For the colouletion of’ hal Comiden the ore triangle (out of six) = e > de view Ace a (ay - [ae Be ae = x3 a az B Since, the bisector f egutlotral angle Mv é bikect thomself 2:4 rah'o ies pps AC yan 22-3 a eee eee= ae ea From th APBD , Daa a ay oy fe he 4 LE oe Phe whume of He HCP unit = CLE x UAE The umber of parties present = Ox 43+ 2x4, = 6 Roto! valume of tha portitle.s = Ge mH -n? pcaxtwa ee pecking Fractén iS wer (oe 4 Packing ficiency of HCP close packing = 874x100 = FUL Veld percrttige =(100-#4))7. = 26%, eee d= Tm of the unit coll = volume—eftig-unit cell umber of perkcle x many the re Sa an = mand. cf each. pentile are nod = = numbor «tf oantrt/eae Sere eee rere eee ae aaa M43 XM n= Pholot man = ee | NN, a Distance betieon tao planes s ae 3 Le Ces Uys Gd) Ava Where Wyk, oe nillen indites. and a,b,c aw enystallog vapha’t aren: Sopp Equohb : maz 2d Sin Az wave lexgth of tnt d= didtunce batwean tHe planes = Angle Imade log the 1igtnt wth the plane m= tntegon.