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    Manual of Patrology History of Theology Vol 1 - Cayre

    Uploaded by

    Santiago Tognacca

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    MANUAL OF PATROLOGY AND HISTORY OF THEOLOGY BY F. CAYRE, A. A. iit ‘TRANSLATED BY H, HOWITT, A.A, B.A. FIRST VOLUME FIRST & SECOND BOOKS SOCIETY OF ST JOHN THE EVANGELIST Desciiz & Co. Printers to the Holy See and the Sacred Congregation of Rites PARIS, TOURNAI, ROMA 1936 Printed in Belgium , htto:/Awww _ obmescatolicas com Nihil obstat, Guilletmus Can, CortaNGwoop, D. D- Censor deputatus. Nottinghamize die 1° Decembris 1935. Nihil obstat. R. Micuety Can,, libr. cens. IMPRIMATUR. Tormaci, die 24 Decembris 1935- J. Lecouver, Vie. Gen. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. je et @Histoire de jon of Peécis de Patrologie et d'Histoire English. translation of * Pré is § ie », copyrighted 1927 by Descuéx & Co, Paris.) htto:/Awww_o PREFACE Under the general heading of the History and Teaching of the Fathers and Doctors of the Church, the author proposes to bring together in a single work brief but exact elements of 1. Patristic History and Literature; 2. History of Dogmas and Positive Theology; 3: History and Principles of Spirituality. Such an arrangement has seemed necessary for two reasons; a priest's work today makes it essential that he should heve some acquaintance with all these matters, and it is no less needful that he should have access to them in some concise form; in addition, a work of this kind appears to be well fitted to solve the difficulty of teaching these subjects in the Seminary Course, which is already overloaded with matters, This Manual is primarily meant for the use of eminary students; Bit ie will undoubtedly be found to be a useful work of reference to parish priests and university students. Nor should it fail to be of interest to the laity, especially those who are accustomed to public speaking on religious matters. The work hes been written, however, above all nd directly, for the future priest, the’ theological tudent in the seminary or study house. A work meant for this class of reader must comply with certain special conditions, Nowadays a short introduction to the rigorous method which should suide all historical study, is an indispensable element in any complete and general course of studies, and such is provided in great measure by a course of Patrology, which, at the same time correlates and classifies the work of scholars, especially those of the scatolicas com vi PREFACE. jast fifty years, in the important field of early Christian literature, But while purely critical data should claim a great deal of attention from scholars and university students who are training themselves for personal research, we hold that they Should be curtailed and reduced to a certain minimum in the case of seminary students and give way to more general doctrinal notions. In order that profit may be derived from Feading the Fathers it is not enough to have studied their works only from a literary and critical point of view; there is a risk of understanding them but poorly if the student's attention is restricted only to the principal points dealt with by each of the Fathers, and to their solutions of the great problems of their own day. After having situated the historical background the student must determine the doctrinal environment and observe the place occupied by each Father and the part he plays therein. This can hardly be achieved if a parallel study of the History of Doctrines is not added to the literary study of the texts. In the seminary, these complementary matters will necessarily be treated in an elementary way, since they cover so wide a field; but this will render them no less useful, both to future specialists and all theological students who will appreciate the significance of the texts cited in support of various dogmas, only after having located them in their general historical background. Moreover, not only the research worker, ut also the new priest has need to study the actual text of the Fathers, not necessarily as a scholar but as a man capable of appreciating their doctrinal value, with a view to the spiritual profit of himself and of those whom it his duty to instruct; and this is hardly possible in the absence of a special preparation. Only a manual can provide this training to big groups of students, with the precision and depth that htto:/Awww_.o PREFACE, vit uch subjects exact, But no matter how concise and complete be the manual, it does not do away with intellectual effort; rather does it facilitate and guide it, by grouping together the essential data of the work to be accomplished. We have sought in vain for a manual which would falfil the conditions we have set out, and it is for this reason we have been led to undertake the composition of this present work, There exist, of course, excellent works, even in manual form, dealing with the Fathers of the Church Bardenhewer's Patrology is a classic, but it treats too exclusively of the literary and critical aspect of the subject. The same must be said of Tixeront's Pricis de Patrologie, written in a rather elementary fashion. On the other hand, the same author's Histoire des Dogmes, in three volumes, is too voluminous to be termed a manual and needs the addition of another work to supplement it from an historical and literary point of view. In addition to these volumes there is another series of works indispensable to the student and which he should always have near at hand. These are the collections of texts contained in the Enchiridia (see the General Bibliography). These anthologies are the greatest value; but they have never been regarded as manuals of Patrology. Far from taking the place of the Manual they show its necessity, for the manual alone can merge all these texts into their historical, literary, and above all, doctrinal background. In this work, 2ora/ theology and spirituality will be linked up with the history of doctrines. This point has suffered too much neglect ever since the theolo- gians, faced with the urgent need of combating the Protestant error, turned their attention almost wholly to the affirmation of dogma as found in the Fathers, More recently, however, it has attracted the interest of both ascetics and historians, Pourrat has already scatolicas com viii. PREFACI devoted three volumes to the subject (La Spiritualite chréticnne) and still another would be necessary to treat adequately of the last three centuries. The first volume alone deals with the Fathers’ spiritual teaching. This work, in, spite of omissions unavoid- able in one of its length, is of the greatest usefulness, especially as regards its bibliography and the texts quoted, The author himself likens it to a kind of Enchiridion spirituale, although, in many ways this anthology differs from those we have already mentioned. It is evident that such a work, with its four volumes, can hardly be regarded as a manual. We have attempted to fill this gap, not by seeking to say all that can be said on so vast a subject, but by throwing into relief, the principles of spirituality that are found in all the great Masters and which have been a source of inspiration to others. Although, in reality, all teach the same doctrine, the multiplicity of viewpoints often prevents this from being rcally apparent ; for the most part, it is only necessary to know their teaching on a number of capital points in order to discover the real sameness underlying the superficial divergencies. We have gone to Saint Augustine, whose genius dominates every century of Christian antiquity, for those principles which give unity to our opinions in these delicate matters, and which, in an even greater measure, reveal how the spiritual works of the Fathers come together in a higher unity. We have gone still farther, and have, at times, appealed to their mystical teaching to throw light on their theo- logical work. And in reality, for many of the Fathers, the latter cannot be fully understood if it is isolated and cut off from the former. This point of view has been especially developed with regard to the Alexan- drians, and above all Saint Augustine. In our opinion, to attempt the study of these authors considered only as philosophers or theologians is to htto:/Awww_o vun the risk oflaying onself open to grave shortcomings ind perhaps error. Saint Augustine's mystical \emperament gives even to his philosophical and theological teaching @ special tone which must be ‘sen Into account, an Se i Chany Orbe ase cele deineecelegicasetaiy etd The work of synthesis we have endeavoured at least to trace, possesses another advantage. The Fathers are not presented to the reader from a single ind exclusive point of view. ‘The historian usually treats of their exterior activity and the general influence ther have exercised; the theologian and philosopher, each in his own domain, treats their works from a literary or doctrinal viewpoint, while the ascetic and mystical writers concentrate only on the interior life and mystical teaching. We have combined all shese points of view, with the result, we dare to hope, that the figures of these true sons of the church will become clearer and more brilliant, while at the same time their influence will be increased. ‘Thus, without extraordinary effort, thanks to the method we have adopted, this present work provides a powerful ‘id to the general training of priests, which is the purpose of the Seminary. Many have judged a synthesis of this nature to be chimerical. We do not deny the difficulties, but the beauty of the results that might ensue encouraged us to attempt it, and it has appeared possible in certain conditions, in a work not meant for specialists engaged in deep research. Aiming at the instruction of Christians, the training of the clergy, and not the guidance of personal work, we have only to give the conclusions of scholars who enjoy a recognised authority in their special subjects, and we are thus cnabled to pass, with them, from one point to another. Moreover, even the simple comparison of the various solutions is in itself instructive; for it adds to cach scatolicas com x, PREFACE, solution a certain measure of confirmation, or occasionally suggests certain reservations that must be made. This method, the only one possible in a work of this nature, isa guarantee of sure results, in the measure that the conclusions reached by human knowledge can be certain. It seemed to us that a work planned on these lines should go beyond the strictly Patristic period. The solid intellectual training we envisaged for the Christian and the priest, seemed to indicate a work in which they could also find those masters who have transmitted the thought and ideas of the Fathers to new generations. Tt cannot be gainsaid that the great theologians of the Middle Ages or the Modern Period, especially those of the uth to the 16th century, are, on the whole, consulted and read to a greater extent than the Fathers themselves. Their technical expressions and systematic classification of doctrines render them more easy of access to most readers. Among them is found, by the side of Saint Anselm, Saint Bonaventure, Blessed Duns Scot and many others, whose opinions are continually being cited, the Ange/ of the School, whom the Church has imposed as the guide of theo- logical students. Similarly, are not Saint Bernard, Saint Teresa, Saint Francis of Sales, to mention but the greatest, the authors who have truly directed and maintained the spiritual life of souls for many centuries? Without in any way desiring to write a connected history of theology or spirituality, we deemed it necessary and useful to bring together, with regard to these masters of modern Christian thought, as had been done for the Fathers, summary but nevertheless varied and precise data, which would enable the priest, and any educated Catholic, to read the originals with profit. The fourth book we intend to htto:/Awww.o PREFACE. xi, devote to this complementary study will not be merely \n appendix to the Patrology, having but a secondary ind tenuous connection with the first three: it will really form a continuation, Moreover, if a better realisation of the very real continuity of these great Christian thinkers of this period, increases their withority, the importance of the Fathers will also be augmented in the eyes of the Christian who is able to in them the secret, but true inspirers of all the doctors of later times, We were able, therefore, and in a certain measure were bound, to continue our “Patrology” as far as that, It may be, even, that come will regard this last part as still more necessary that the first. * ae In order to carry out our plan, we have been obliged to give to some authors an outstanding place, proportionate to their importance, either seal, as ising from the intrinsic value of their work, or relative, as resulting from special circumstances; for instance, the absence of other contemporary documents on a question: such is the case of Hermas in the second century. It will also be noticed that the chapters are of unequal length, and we have purposely arranged them thus. The figures in a picture cannot all be on the same plane. We have endeavoured to, throw into relief the great figures of Christianity, especially those whose influence has been felt in several centuries both in the sphere of doctrine and that of action. Others though not omitted take a lesser place: the account which is devoted to them suffice to make them known, while their action and teaching in most cases gains from the reflection of the light of the great doctors of their times. Research workers have need above all to document themselves on the most obscure points, even should scatolicas com xii, PREFACE, PREFACE. xii these be the least important, But in a work of this nature, we must give our attention to the most important authors, with whom Christians as a whole, and Theological students should be intimately | acquainted. In the actual development of the chapters we have made no attempt to say everything there is to be said, There again, it was necessary to make a choice. We have omitted secondary points which seemed little suited to our purpose, both in the historical and literary, as well as the theological and spiritual order. We have however, given diographical details at a certain length, judging that the story of a life, even briefly presented, often constitutes the best possible portrait of a man. The list of authentic works is always given, although only the most important are summarised at length. As for the doctrine, we have dealt only with the essential points or those which seem best to characterise a man or a period, Our preoccupation with the general training of priests, which has often guided us in the choice of subject, has not, we think, ever biased us in the adoption of any solution to a disputed historical problem, nor have we hesitated in stating a so-called critical opinion, when it seemed sufficiently established. We have taken especial care with our dibéiographies. In this work will be found: 1. A general bibliography at the head of the volume; 2, A special bibliography for each author, at the beginning of the chapter in which he is studied, except in certain cases; 3. refer- ence to an edition (as recent as possible) for all the authors mentioned or studied in this work, But here again, no attempt has been made to be complete. It would have been easy to lengthen the lists, but such additions would have been of little use to our readers. We have thought it our duty to make a choice in their interest. In addition to the usual editions, htto:/Avwww_o \ligne’s, and when necessary, more recent editions, have given the elements of a first documentation, \s a rule we refer the reader to a dictionary article, { such exists on the subject. The chief recent works on any author are mentioned and the list is completed by references to shorter studies, articles in periodicals, or chapters of more general works concerning the most important points regarding each of the Fathers. For the most part these works of reference are in French, and i: has been thought necessary to retain them in the English edition, since English literature on the subject is still extremely scanty. We have taken pains to ensure that this summary yet varied documentation should be without danger from a doctrinal point of view, by excluding non-Catholic authors from the bibliographies and mentioning them only with caution, We have, however, quoted rationalist authors in the notes; but as a rule we add judgments of their works written by Catholic critics, Our “Manuad” was planned in view of a course consisting of two lessons a week during four years, which is probably the maximum given anywhere to this subject. But it can be studied in much less time if only the great authors are dealt with, or if for each thor the essentials alone are studied, or those parts which need explanation and possess a general doctrinal interest, ‘The fairly comprehensive doctrinal indexes of which the matters are arranged according to the logical order of modern theology, will enable those ho so desire, to study the work in the form of an mentary h’story of doctrine, by following, period by period, and author by author, the development of any particular point. | But it seems to us that such . synthetic method, although of extreme interest, can be followed with profit only after a complete analytical tudy of the work as a whole. scatolicas com xiv. PREPAC We would be the first to admit that there are shortcomings in this work which we now offer to the public. We trust that the advice and recommendat- ions of the professors will enable us to improve it. Nevertheless we believe that even in its present state it will be found of use. Above all, may it help our future priests to give new life to their ideal of the priesthood, in close contact with those men who were pre-eminently doctors, apologists, apostles, saints, in a word, true priests! Scholasticate of Theology of the Augustinians of the Assumption, Louvain, ‘On the Feast of St. Augustine, August 28th. 1927. htto:/Awww_o CONTENTS OF THE ist VOLUME RAT, BIBLTOORAPHY. |, — Recent collections of Patristic texts. . - Collections of various studies 1% Collecticns of Monographs in separate volumes B, — Dictionaries and Encyclopedias : C.— Periodicals . IIL. — Works of Reference and Enchiridia [V. — Biographical and literary notices. : V. — Works dealing with the history of doctrines A. — Recent general works on the history of dogma B. — General studies on particular points [wreopuction . 1, — General aotion of Patrology r Il, —The object of Patrology - - 5 se III, — General method and division A.— General method 1h, — General division of Patrology - C.— Subdivisions of Patrology properly so called LV. — The importance of te study uf the Fates 5. 0 \V. —The text of the Fathers. Early collec: : 12 VI. — Studies on the Fathers. i iets La ‘A. — Biographical and literary studies 5... 5 B.— Studies on the history ofdogma. 1) 7 VIL. —Elemen-ary notions of mystical theology. +19 A. — Mysticism in general. iiaiteet +429, B. — Contemplation ‘ ul Be us aa) C. — Contemplative meditatio A GaN. 25 D, — Advantages of these distinctions << Fine BOOK 1. THE ORIGINS OF PATRISTIC LITERATURE. {First period: rst, and.and ard eonturios). FIRST PART. ‘THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS. CHAPTER I, — The Apostolic Fathers in general... 31-37 1, —Characte: of the Apostolic writings. Sami e pes II, — The Doerrine of the Apostolic writings. 233 scatolicas com xvi. CONTENTS OF THE Ist VOLUME, CONTENTS OF THE 1st VOLUME. A. = The Trinitarian and Christologial Doctrine B,— The Church C. = Moral Teaching CHAPTER II, — The Apostles’ Creed i, —‘The Authority and the ‘Text ofthe Apostlew Crest, Il. — History of the Creed in the West: its origins. II], — The Apostles’ Creed in the East CHAPTER III, — The Didache 1, —History ofthe Didache . . . I, — Abstract ofthe Didache . . 0. ‘A. — ‘The moral catechism B, — The liturgical instruction - C. = Disciplinary regulations | | _ DB. — Epilogue: The Parousia >! ILL, — Doctrine of the Di ‘A. — Dogma and moral B, — Ecclesiastical Orders — The Sacraments. D.— The Parousia Badia lei CHAPTER IY. — Saint Clement of Rome . 1, —The Life and Work of Saint Clement Life ie Works ta are he Epistle to the Corinthians... Date and authenticity BL — Abstract M1]. —The Teaching ofthe Epistle... A. — Ecclesiastical hierarchy . ‘The Roman Primacy : = The Spiritual life. eae CHAPTER Y. — Saint Ignatius of Antioch . I, —Life of Saint Ignatius 5 11. — Works of Saint Ignatias ete ‘A.—Collections of his Letters... 0. B.— Contents ofhis Letters»... t = St. Ignatius'style i é IIL, — The Doctrine of Saint Ignatius’ Epistles. ‘A, — The hierarchical constitution of the Church B. — The privileges of the Roman Church C.— Christology oe D.— The spiritual tife : CHAPTER VI. martyrdom yews i 37-42 37 39 42 42-5 4 45 46 47 49, si 52-61 Saint Polycarp. ‘The ares. Papias 73-77 Le St Polyeanp; — Bristle to the Philippians. — Acts of bsitnc MAAR = The Presbyters.. u Bhi Groat “7 ii, = Papias"y eet y Re CHAPTER VII. — Various Pseudepigraphal Writings . 78-82 |. — The Epistle attributed to St. Barnabas —- - Bp ll. — The Homily, called the Second Letter of Ee Clement +9 IIL. — The Two Letters to Virgins F 1 CHAPTER VII, — Hermas . * “ > - 83-96 1. — Hermas and his work 2 3 Il, — Abstract of the Shepherd. 4 eis ‘A.—Visions 9. we weet Dos, Be B— Precepis 1°! i ei EXT aORD ‘ militudes. * . - : . 87 11, SeibeDSetrine obits Shepherd eos, ike ‘A. — State of Penance in the Church in the and century + 88 B. — The teaching of Hermas on Penance. 90 C. = Other doctrinal features. Gtierh 42 1D Bh Toe SECOND PART. ‘THE FATHERS OF THE END OF THE SECOND CENTURY, CHAPTER I. — The oe Social ane Intellectual ‘Bavironment ; + SPStO7 1, —The Church and the Pagan State ee 07 Ii, — Judaco-Christianity . Sntathat ania aoe 111. SiGubeieiern m/e ioe f iisdiioe C/E So ot gull done cae —Nature i 2 100 Bi — Doctrinal summary of Gnosticism 1oz = History of Gnosticism. 103 D.—Marcionism PeviGailb ier aaah, gq IV. — Montarism 105 Vy," = Millenarianism ¢ | erica er 106 Vi. =Eneratism 1 Benes 107 CHAPTER II, — The first Apologists of the 2nd century 107-114 1, = Bhe Apologiss in general at llth a i. —Quadratus eae AS ieee ae) it, Sansa Spee a riiiet bib lan IY. — Aristo of Pella) el big V. = Bpistleto Diognetms: Skt lag CHAPTER III, — Saint Justin. . 5. 0+. + 114-129 I, — Life of Saint Justin.— His Character. 0... 114 Ti, — Works of Saint Justin. a tug ‘A. — General Description of his Works |) |) iy B.— The Dialogue with Tryphon . 2. 8 TRS Apologies: 5 os feciedya'P sents ell AIG scatolicas com xv CONTENTS OF THE Ist VOLUME. II], —The Doctrine of Saint Justin... 0. ss. 120 ‘A. —Saint Justin, the Philosopher ©. 0... 120 B—The Theologian el na cote C.— The Doctor of the Catholic Church? = 25) 126 CHAPTER IV. — The last Apologists of the 2nd century 129-138 ia Sana ae é +130 TL, —Athenagoras ; cs ee era 11]. — Saint Theophilus of Antioch. Bp iitas) IV, — Eastern Apologists whose works are lost, or are of lesser importance . ie : V. —Minueius Felix | 2 ea CHAPTER V. — The Controversialists of the 2nd century 138-140 1. —The controversialists in general. a +139 IL, — The chief controversialists of the and century | 1 139 CHAPTER VI. — Saint Irenacus 141-153 1, —Lifeof St trenaeus . Mh ieee Tl, — Works of St.Irenaeus |} fag Il. — Doctrine of Saint Irenaeus 2146 A—TheRuleof Faith. 60... uz B.—The Trinity os us C= Christology = SAMIR TEAR 149 D.— Christian Spirituality | -eeeaiht HE! — The Last Things fds CHAPTER VII. — Divers Secondary Writings. 153-156 I. — Various letters. ed arial Il. — The Epitaphs of Abercius and Pectotius « si litt eae UL —The Canon of Muratori cu aty CHAPTER VIII, — Christi Apocryphel Literature. 156-165 1, —Apocryphal literature in general. GNM hab Ti, — Apocryphal gospels : Bs) A,— The lost gospels B. — Gospels of the Infancy ees C.— Gospels concerning the ‘deaths of Jesus, Mary and St. Joseph oo pe 6 111, —Apocryphal acts. agen ae IV. — Apocryphal letters and apoealypses ce ae ‘A. —Apocryphal letters. a + 164 B,—Apocryphal apocalypses <5 5.) L165 THIRD PART. ‘THE FATHERS OF THE THIRD CENTURY. CHAPTER I, — The Historical, Social and Intellectual Environment é 166-176 — The Historical environment — general view... 166 |. — Efforts torenew Paganism... ss 167 htto:/Awww_.o HE 1st VOLUME. environment, The Question. ©. tart — Errors regarding the Trinity B. — Adoptianism CHAPTER II. — Clement of Alexandria I, — Life and Character. ‘The School of Alexandria Il, — Writings of Clement of Alexandr A. — The “Ontlines”, ” B. — The Hortatory Discourse to the Greeks | — The Tuor. — The Tri — Miscellenies : IIL. —The Docttine of Clement of Alexandria, ‘A, — Moral and mystical doctrine. B. — Theology in the work of Clement of Alexandria CHAPTER JI.— Origen... se Secvion I, — Live anp Works. . 0. I. —Origen’slifeand character =. IL — Works of Origen. s A,—Scriptural works 9. 0. B. — Non-scriptural works | of Clement Suction II. — Or1oEN’s pocrrinaL MerHop . ystical tendency ‘ath and reason in Origen’s method. A. — Attachment to faith and tradition B. — Philosophy LIL, Origen’s exegesis ‘A. — Principles of Origenist exegesis | B. — Advanteges and dangers of the method Svevion TI. — ORIGEN'S DocrRINE , . I. —~ General survey of Origents theology. 1 ee ees A. — Defective teaching on the Trinity. B, — Other theological questions IIL. Spiritual doctrine ate A. — Mystical teaching ; B.— The ascetic method Y. —Origenism . “A. — Heeieeetnes Bantu ge BL — The Onigenist controversies scatolicas com ‘Trinitarian xix. 167 £168 170 a7 173 173 +375 177-191 97 1180 + 180 t 180. 2181 2 18r [182 2 184. + 18: By 191-220 +192 +192 + 195 + 196 +197 + 201 + 204. 204 + 205 » 206 + 208, + 208 +210 + 210 can Dar. . 216 +216 +216 - 217 +217 2218 xx CONTENTS OF THE Ist VOLUME, CONTENTS OF THE 1st VOLUME, xxi, CHAPTER IV. — Saint Hippolytus. . 220-229 CHAPTER TX. — The last Oriental writers of the 1) — Life of Seine Hlippaigius, His Works 200/974" ol a0 third century. BOT INS 275-286 PAE ogirunn of tGHEE RGN nating ES 20 |, Saint Dionysius of Alesandsia. Ga Br Byegetical ad controversial works sik) --Caan A. — Lite andlworks = Pie Pag G. — Persoual controversies : ina = Doctrine ea B.= vatous otter york. <0 dial ede ea II. — The last Alexandrian authors of the 3rd century,» 278 I, —The doctrine of Hippolytus. Edict of Callistus 2226 A. —At the Didascalia . Ais Lac ee j 226 1B. — Others, not members of the Didascalia |! 279 — Penitential doctine || Pista af 111, — Sytian authors « : ears 279 CHAPTER V. — Tertullian « . K . + 229-250 oP: a Ralesine . . : 5 - = “ * ae ii), —errllin Late and Obdeatiors yale vaauaigntd aot BALA ohh daaleaahgaee, 28 pote Saminieet IV, — Asiatic authors |. : A 282 Bi icuteeee ee io Ai auntialk ee HAPTER X. — Anonymous writings of the third IL. — Works of Tertullian . + . . - . . century. - . * . 287-290 ‘A= Apologetical writings. ae: lL, — Haste adayrioas writ «(1 yreayoS y-i/c ut aa B. — Controversial works » af ‘ A. — Dersctain Dem file hE hoe wth See .— Moral and disciplinary works Bl— The Didascalia Apostolorum ; 2) ) 38h 1B. Works concerning sacramental discipline Wee ale a aR ee TIL, — Doctrinal synthesis UL —Theacisofthe Martyrs) ) 885 ‘A. — The theologian in general B. — The Catholic theologian’. 6. — The Montanist theologian ha i j CHAPTER VI. — Novatian e < : iS 250-254 BOOK II I, | — Novatian the Catholic se ee THE CENTURY OF THE GREAT FATHERS Ti: Novatianism + three ea Bahia eee CHAPTER VII. — Saint Cyprian i 254-268 (Second period: from 300 to 430). 1. — Life and works until the middle of his episcopate... 255 A. — Before the episcopate. Introduction oe ‘ & . 291-309 $B, — Beginning of the episcopate 1 —Genetal gutine, |Pisision pat cheated out La oh ty Patristic Hiterature pee lage 1, —Blicopal controversy (51-258) and th Il The sociaiand intelectual environment | ||” 393 riod : ‘A — The Church andl Sake — Penance. The Unity of the Charch. be aes A.— Penance, The Unity ofthe Char : D.—Leiters Annum Il. — Saint Grecory or NAZiANZUS, Works ‘ 1. —Lifeand Character, |. 394 + 386 + 386 es - 389 + 389 30t + 395-400 395 + 395 397, + 398 + 308 + 399 - 400-408 «gor 2402 + 402 403 404 + 404 + 405 + + 406-447 + 406 + 406 406 408 410) +4 + 4un + 413 +414 Lire aNd 2415 as 2416, Pe katte oO copate, se A. — Life befare the epis Paes = Bishop of Constantinople 8) es gt C— Character. ¢ oe At, I. — Works of Saint Gregory of Neziannus + i. ee \uriche TI, — Saint GREGORY oF Nyssa. Lire aNnp WoReSNRL ES ae Bs ches B30 80 Nora Haas 1. —Iifeand Character 6 97°80 1 Ge <3 A —Life . anat aisnlsu iecese 1 Min gas B.— Character + i “Tihs dads LU, — Works of St. Giegory of Nyssa | ss a6 A.— Theological writings. 9. 0. 0. +3 496 B.—Seriptural works: |. dh as C, Sear R es cre sige D.— Sermons and Letters! oe \uticu IV. — Sart Avumoctus'of Icontum |. | 430 Awriche V. — TEACHING OF THE CAPPADOCIAN FATHERS |. 431 I. — Sources of the teaching of the Cappadocian Fathers”, 432 A. — ‘The Scriptures 432 B!— ‘Tradition . 5 Sores Tp. aan eooine las M1, —The Trinity 5 Fea BM ere aay ‘A. —The oinia and the briovaszs + 434 B—The Suede . ©... #7 Maes C.— The Hely Ghost) 0 Scitaokbem ML — Ch AS ye maton si! A. — Ghtisto‘ogical teaching BS ieepriet nm RIE B, — Soteriological teaching 2 ro ae IV. —The Church Recent eee: V.. Grace and the Sacraments 1) 1) fae ‘A. — Grace ‘ fy. aia B. — Sacraments See eee aaee cs 445: vi. SBGieendiagh ss aL.) cats VII. — Eschatology : saab CHAPTER V. — Apollinaris of Laodicea 4a7-452 |, = Hife of Apollnaris, Iie Catholic works 5. 448 Il, == The ervor of Apollinaris. Tis condemnation |. 449 Hi, Apoliinianistn. Becta Synopsis The discipies of Apolinaris . arooneeiea CHAPTER VI. — Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore - of Mopsuestia + 452-460 1. = Diodorus of Tarsus z “ 452 IL —Theodoze of Mopsuestia . es BS. ‘A. — Life of Theodore: Controversies centred around him afterhis death. aE B. — The exegesis of Theodore of Mopsues C. = The theology of Theodore scatolicas com xxvi. CONTENTS OF THE Ist VOLUME. CONTENTS OF THE Ist VOLUME, xxvii, ||, — Ascetic literature ee Sp aeeas CHAPTER VII. — Saint John Chrysostom . eas Ascetic teaching. Briefoutline . . . . «509 ARTICLE I. — LIFE AND CHARACTER aloes 461 \. = The spiritual combat ean ee) 1. — Life until the episcopate (344-308)... 0. 46r 5, — Tie respon : a me A.—Education, The Monk... 0... 61 s ee ae sie : B,—The Priest of Antioch <>) ]. 1 463, BR APTER em The Bones oe Liane Pinus oak eatery 11. — Bishop of Constantinople « cata) Cha Aides RAB 1. —Satepaeste nee A. — Ministry. Pastoral activity Fe M66 1 epdecrotals Of the pavestAlthe qth cen ary! t= 11s Foor Stee erenite te Bis eneecoreey £ 1307 11. — Writings of the first popes in the sth century... 516 TIL. — exile (404-407). Character of St.John Chrysostom. «469 edaoeaatil As KenL 1b lawgaeh ersaglinea te: CAR A. — Exile. + 69 1B, — The successors of Pope Innocent. . . ss 519. B,— Character of St. John Chrysostom |) Lam - = ARTICLE II, — THe Works oF St. JOHN CHRYSosTOM . 472 eee Se ee I. —Nonoratoricalworks. . . . . + + +473 1 ee Se ane ieee aoe ae 5 bee a-Si B.—Eplscopster pastoral activity) 1 1 11 gar Se ees er eaneaee a ae ae — Episcopate : political influence ||! 523 Various writings on education and chastity. : | 476 CS 53 Writings in defence of religion or Providence . . - 476 parece be HE UBL YES : , — Letters ae Watts se: ee jorical works os ie rhe AO ‘A.—Seriptural works 2. dp ear a m Sa ele eae ene ae aap das, tT hae I see hee Dogmatic works 0 ga ie a gE ae D.— Divers ether writings « saa ae eee TIL, — Tue Oratos. Natuie of his eloquence... + abr 1 eRe aad 2 ARTICLE III. — TRACHING oF St, JoHN Crrvsosrom . . 483 ‘A. — The doctor of the independence and unity of Ghurch . 535 : per iy 3 i Theatres. . Bh ihe a8 B.— Saint Ambrose, moralist.. rapa 5) Il. —The moralist ‘ 486 C.— Saint Ambrose, theologian | d 34 ML, Seating on Grace the Sactaments and the Church a CHAPTER ec Seba hes ci esi nla ee ite H—The Sacraments 2 2) )) Lt 1 a8g |. — Christian poetry in Italy ame eas GiTheChith = yen, gene, Sa 1 hating poy im Gal a + 350 ‘A. Various authors). CHAPTER VIII, — Secondary Oriental Authors. Bishops B.—Saint Paulinus of Nola oe, . ‘and monks. . 7. 494-499 — Christiar. poetry in Spain. " Prudentius 1, — Bishops, friends or adversaries of St. John Chgset 49 CHAPTERS esas a Catcuisita? “Rosina Seeley 11, — Other bishops, theologians and exegetes . + 495 1 eae Sami eae pra ane ea i ee i, SEB estar ir, oan eh LT soe IV. —Monasticexegetes ©. 5 see 97 i eerie a ae ‘CHAPTER IX. — Oriental Monachism . . . —. 499-512. x = pe ae z the Origenist controversy Peel @ 1, —Ontline of monachism. Historians of monachism . — . 499 1 aR Gare ane o reset Fate oF iepeetaye Seo ‘A. — Accouns of pilgrimages. sual, bey C= Palladius re > ite B.—The Chronographer of the year 35g. |. |. 568 1, —The ane Sept ae CHAP THREE Ey eaiseine Emme tert nL care ‘A, — Anchoretic life . Ua SH, eee er eer Ne 2 B.— Coenobitie life: 2 |. — Life and Charact on eee Sha ol@mascatolicas com xxviii, CONTENTS OF THE tst VOLUME. CONTENTS OF THE Ist VOLUME, xxix, A.— Preparation —. f ae: \\cricLi I, — NoN-CONTROVERSIAL WORKS. + 638 B, — The solitary of Bethlehem. Works and controversies. 573 |. The Confessions =. 9. + 638 C= Saint Jerome's character Sulsod es oe 7e Il. — Philosophical Dialogues 640. Il, — Works of Saint Jerome mwa ~ 580 111, — Saint Angustine’s theological and apologetical works | 643 ‘A. — Works on the text of the Seviptures. Meer inec A. — Writings on the foundations of religion 1 644 B, — Scriptural studies Sus Oe Sine 1B. — Treatis> on the Trinity 645 C.— Various other works. FF 585 C.— The Ciy of God 6B II], — The doctrine of Saint Jerome. « fod ee D.— The Enchirdion and moral works 650 ‘A, —The-doctors his authority —- Sergio. WES — Pastoral works : exegesis, preaching. - 653 B. — Special features of St. Jerome's teaching... . 59 ‘A Weds of al thearedes taaetee 2 635 B— Exegesis . 654 CHAPTER XV.— Cassin. 9. 0. 594-603 C.— Preaching. 656 1. — Life and works of Cassian. 2. - + 594 V, "= Letters—Retractations—Apocryphal works 659 A.— Life. ° = eee Bet eae hee Axniche I, — THR pocToR . we (era 660 ae el ‘ a ee ee 1 —Themanandthesaint . . . ) . « , 660 11, — Spiritual doctrine fs SiR ee ‘a: Thee 5 i aes ‘A. — Teaching on Perfection in general ° ee B= The conenlative ; Se B. — Teaching on Prayer. « ee aera 598. — The optimism of Saint Augustine 664 111, — Teaching on Grace : $i casio i — Saint Axgustine’s doctrinal method 665 CHAPTER XVI. — Minor theologians and controversis- Sibert Jists . : " 603-6tr C.— The heart 1, —Nicetas of Remesiana : 603 IIL, — Augustinian theology . TI, — Contemporaries of Saint ioopeee satiety makers: ke Ga “sae Rosen pre er, 2 ‘A.— Famous bishops... 2. 604 B, — Characteristics . + 670 B, — Ambrosiaster UP yelvoliads econsl fecal Coc . Tit. Gait Pacianus J Sete eee Aric 1V. — Docrrise ae 672 1V. —Priscillian, His friends andfoes . . . «66 = ie ene na : e Diepopie cra: UME CCA ag aed B— Trinitarian doctrine. | 1) Lk. OH. Vi. — Friends and disciples of St. Augustine in Africa... 610 bepcot acre geri 5-4 ie eam od D,— The Man-God . : + 1676 CHAPTER XVII. — Saint Augustine . ..——- 612-716 u. ene eae oe ‘AxqiciE I, — LIFE AND ConTRoVERSIAL WORKS... 614 ee a we 1, = Life before baptism a = Fe a eat euialiie one B. — Justification. Sanctifying grace alert . 680 A—Thefall . - He 615 Coa albtaal grab apace eg eS 681 Di These ea + 616 D.— Mystic graces 1 686 C.—Theneophyte . + sa oe IIL —Predestination . RATS ats comes 1, — Life ater baptism (387-430). General outline... 620 ‘ASEee cillne Dieter oe ese II. — The fight against Manichaeism . icc ee B.— The Augustinian point of view | ne 690 1V. —The fight against Donatism 9. + ss 635 C.— Advantages and disadvantages, =. | * 694 V. —The fight against Pelagianism . . . ss + 630) IV, — Moral and ascetic teaching ; - 695 A. — First phase (411-418) Pe > see A. — The moralism of Saint Augustine. . - 695 B. — Second phase (419-430). Ly ated 3 Srunduncatal clemetts of Aueustaian moral tescling _. 666 ‘VI. — Last years. Death of Saint Augustine... 637 C. — Augustinian ascetic teaching + 701 htto:/Awww_.o scatolicas com XXX. CONTENTS OF THE 1st VOLUME, Y. — The Church and the Sacraments ‘A. — The Church ae B.—The sacraments VI. —Thelast things. . ConcLusioN end INDEXES. Alphabetical index to authors’ names Doctrinal index... 1. — Patristic data for the introduction to theology « feneral data 1D, — Apologetics and controversy E. — Doctrinal errors combated by the early Fathers I]. — Patristic data concerning faith (Dogma) . ‘A. — God, His nature and His work B.—The Trinity. i C.—Christ, Our Lady. “The Saints DS Gace ante E, — The Church F. — The sacraments G.— The last things - III, — Patristic data concerning Christian Life ‘A.— Moral theology. B,— Ascetic theology C,— Pastoral theology. Discipline. IV, — Alphabetical index to the doctrinal index . +793 + 793 707 . mt +713 7-720 722-740 732 2723 +733 74 +735 +75 +737 - 727 2728 +729 731 a2 + 734 +735 + 738 736 + 738 +739 740 htto:/Awww_o GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY *, RECENT COLLECTIONS OF PATRISTIC TEXTS. The early collections, until Migne’s inclusively, are mentioned below in the uation, Pa 12-5 Migne's Gree and Zatin Patrologies are quoted in the abbreviated form : P. LP. G. The volume is shown by the Arbic figure in thick type whieh follows immediately. A) Counerions wich surmiowayr Mione: Patrologia syriaca, by 1, Gnarwtay Pars, 1894 sqe 2 Vol (Abbrevisted to: Pat. Patrologia orientalis by R. GRareix and F. Nav, Paris, 1903 and sq.5 xterkive continuation ofthe foregoing: (Abbreviated; P.O). Corpus seriforun civitiznorun: Ofentalinm, by J. B. Cianor, T. GotDt, U. Tibvansany Canna De Va0%, Paris 1003 ad a9.5 like the forogeing Wick ian eon of Stag drain Coie sa thoon texts (Abe Comp. Orient). Teale Miia, by Dox G, Monts, Mares, 1892 and 3. 1 The flowing clesions, ot nly spplement Mins by means of new cditons bat algo completely seine his work from a mote tical vandpotnt Corpus sriptoram cclesasticorum, anna, cited ty the Acwdeny of Vienna sinoe 18605 Latin text only. (Abbrev. + Corpus of Vienna). Monuenta gecmnie hstaren, Ancare att, Bein, 177-1898 13 y0l"(Abrerr: Mon, ger. hist.” or Mon, Ber Dip Crechuces chutchen: Schutetler wor Day drt farbundete cclted ty the Aeadeny of Berlin at Leap, since 1807, erica! editions thon Miunslatons. (Abbr: Corp. Berl or Corpus of Bet, Tente und Untersuchungen sur Gechivhe der alchrilichen Literatur, Icchon. diected by the Atiemy of Leipeig,fint seria 18a-p7, 1g voles Sond series, 1897-1096, 15 olay thied series (A. Haxwack and C. SeniiD3) fod sp, (Abbrev. Text. Unters) Texts and Studies, ([. A. Robinson). Cambridge, 1893 and sq. (Ablnex.: ext. Std), ‘Note, —~ These ls two collections as the titles indicate, are not only editions chy algo contin resavch enor and shadier on eatly Christian literature. C) Lirtue couiacrions expecially adapted to students desivous of making sit aquamtanee sth early Christian Tteratice: ‘Textes et Documents ova Pude hilorique ax critianisme, by H, Hse 1s nd A, Bags 90 es fet with amin, I notes. (Abbres.: Text. Docum.). SS. Patram opascula selecta, by H. Hugrex, Innsbruck, First series, \sier8Bg, 8 vols and series 188x892, 6 vols Sammlnig tmpeethier & md Onouchrjten by G. Kaba, Tehingen stseies 181-1896 12 fscfetess and series, nce 1901. ‘Kleine Texte, 1 Livrastas, Bon, since Too Florlegin mh, G. KADSCHEN, Bott, since 1904. Conbifige Batiode tts’ A Stason, Cambri ster gp Bibliotheca sanctoram Patrum, J. Vizeint, Rome, since 1902, Works anterior to the second half of the asth century, which are studied or wotioned in the Zafzaguetion (p. x269,, are not cited in this bibliograpi scatolicas com GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY xxx GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. xiii |e Catholic Enyelopedia an Acca cyan np vole erga pone mch teas complete than the Dio eal, provides wea seas a Iti ten pe Hon the Chr and ie Father ictionry of Christan Biography (tenure, ss and doctrines) WW. surrw and AL. Waem, Londen, T8y7-1887 "4 sols a Trott wor, Holains good monographs and may be consulted with profit by those who ean yw without risk, IL—COLLECTIONS OF VARIOUS STUDIES. (In French, excepted otherwise stated). A) COLLECTIONS OF MONOGRAPHS IN SEEARATE VoLUMES. eae ‘The Bibliotheque de lenseignement de Uhistoire ecclésiastique (bid. ) instance La littérature grecque by Mgr P. BaTirFot. (literary); the Histoire dew Dogiues, by J. TIXERONT (doctrinal); the Lgfise Byzantine, by Pr. J. Pargotrel ERG TL at ston array mt teres eesti a eer cas ee Pacrtieveat ax well sf On, clic and morn ens CAR fol Pensée chrét.). contains similar works. (Abbrev. : coll. a TH) ‘i 5 5 a area (C) Paxi0DIGALS tobe consulted regarding the Fathér. B ). Srscra1, Pentopieats containing many articles on the Fathers Aoatecta bol since 1882, Briseale Paris Dulletin Gancienne literature ‘et d'Archéologie chrétiennes, by P. px Ssi01.U8, Paris ince Tox, Bulletin "de itérature ecelésiastique, Instat catholigne de Toslowse, ce 1899. Hchos @'Oriént, Assamplionists, Constantinople, since 1897 | 1s Muséoa, Revue of Oxental Studie, Lowrait see 184% Recherees de Science Religiense, Soe, Jest, Pars, sinee 1910. Revue bénédietine, Benclicines of Maedsous, sine 1884 (ender the tt Ip ivesnger es fee, from 1884 1889. Revue biblique, Deninicars Jorasiem, since 1892, Remus d Histoire Beclsiastgue, Unvastyof Louin, sce oun vue ahistoire et de litterature religicuses, Paris 1866-1907 .4; Loby’s pyr sf ed nd td ead wi ug 27 cwue no aeolastiqne de philosophie, Louvain, nee 18s; Rewne de FOrient segue Tre Bot any i Revue des Questiens histariques, Paris, fom 1866, Remne des Sciences eligienses, Facally of Cath, theol. of Steasharg, The following periodicals, are of MORE GENERAL iNTEREST than the but also publish useful reviews and’ notices on Patrology and rly very good original studies ‘imi du Clerge, Langresy since 1878 Buides, French Jetty Paris, since 1856 Ephemerides theologice lovaniensess Louvain, since v924 Revue Apologétiqu Sina 100g; Rete patie wi. ail 21), Pi Reme @’Aseeugue et de Mystiqae, Jesuits, Toulouse since 19sa, Revie Augastiniemne, Sssumnplioniis Louvain, 19081910, Revue du elerge francais, Pats, 1804-1920 Revue thomiste, Daminieins, Toulouse, sce 1893 Reve des sciences philosophiques "et théologiques, Dominica; vos snes 1907. L'Université catholique, Catholie Faculties of Lyons since 18 a vie speituell, Domnnicany, Saint Masimin, Sceigto. i and ConentaHe) plans 6 bring togetied n ordr to arma syetess of his moral teseage B) The following Dicrionaxins or BNcvcLOPEDIAs, written by many. ccollaborntors, contain series of monographs, usvally fairly brief, sometimes Fanning to considerable length. ‘They invariably inelide detailed ddtigeraphies and the elements of a fist documentation ‘The Dictionnaire de la Bible, by F. Vicounowx, 1805-1012. A supplement. is published by L. PIKom, since 1936, (Abbrev, : Dit, ‘The Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, published Vaeawr, and then by E. MANGENor, and lastly By E. Antas Dict. théol ; ‘ ‘he Dictionnaire d Arehéologe chrétisnne et de Litrgi,pubiished by Dom F, Cayxot, and Dom H. Lactszca, since 1907. (Abbiev. ; Diet. Arch.) ‘The Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastique, published ty A Bavomtsann, Av Voor and Us Robatis, sie agia.” (Abbe. = hist.) Il -RECENT BOOKS OF REFERENCE AND ENCHIRIDIA. Ulysse, Chevalier, Repertoire der sores hicteigues ca Aoyentge, Bie MWiesraptiy ait eds’ Vols 2370 cols, 1877-1883, suppleipent te sad od. rib sagmintes inva Yoesroy; sn for he wen hoon ase he founding of the Charch unt x500, An article renting, in phallic! cede rth that has boon wrtenon the subject. Sud nometciaases me wey Piste tare ever quite up to date Hugo Hutter, S. J Nomtnlator iterarus Thelogie cathoion, Tonsbnuck, ins a biogtapia and literary notice, togetir with tablogephicl ions on all the authors who have treated of sacred subjects (phioophy, jes dogmatic ard mora theology, fatrlogy a © 602, — scatolicas com These fe dilate: poblibea Uy the seine publi Teak, Palin woud onsite ose grea? Bncopedia of ecclesastiad sees, Bo Thus cool oe tanea: ‘The Dictionnaire apologétique de Ia Foi Catholique, published by PA. DALES, sine 101! (Pars, Beauchesne), (ADurev, Dice pol). Germaty tae ae toe ecyelorsiar ts aed tne Keser poblibed ‘Wereex and Wir rom tig6 to 40564t Freangs weeded ood realy sugmeited by J. Hexoninoruan’ an later by F. Kalen hom 889 Bees acy ee rn, ieee (ret et. 054-1856, at vole) gel or 16964010) conaine aun soa sto Tat Chines cotta? Seal any Wa x ea ean os id Chureh history). The htto:/Awww_o soxxiy. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. XXXV. ‘Fathers ate found in the last volume. of the 1st od (arranged as follows: wi from 1giq to moder net nh wri of the Wile 1563, ti; writings from the beginning to L109, & v)3 from the 3 the Seder is more gular: Father 1, 19053 Mile Ages 11,1006 el. HH, Denzinger, dnchiridion symlolrnm, defnitionnnn et delarationam bus fe et ordi, Kreibrg, tak ein 18543 ne ed. 10th. grealy ag find wedifed.in 1908, by C. BaNnWaver, S. Jy the later editionsare completed ‘Appendixes and give i Latin, and where necessary in Gree, the texts inacated ihe tte in historical order, together witha simple indication of the sources. 'E, Cavallera, Thesaurus doctrine eaoliee ex doeunoutis magtteris sia, Patsy 1920; gives the texts contained in Denzinger’s nck completed by the addktion of ober important ut les solemn texts ‘whole is arranged in the order found in thesogical treatises. ©. Kitch, SJ, Bnchtsidion foutium historia ecleraztice antique, Fri 1916; choice of important historical ests in Latin and Greek, from the tet the Sih cent 1M. J. Routt de Journel, Znckividion pacytcicume, Preibang, 191%, sth in 1932 collection of texts fom the Tain and Greek Fathers, expectally ‘egutds theology from the 1s to the Sth cent, ‘i EE. Amana, Le dayne catholigne dans les Pores de PEctise, Pais, ltl anthology of Patric tenis, tn French, precede! by a short account author mentiased, without bibliogeaph. Hiii0 (posthumous), one vol. on the first three centuries only; unfitish UNerumbacher, Seirkichte der syuantinischen Literatur, Munich, 1890; jul le augmented in 1897, in which theologlel ‘iteratute is tented “by Nia (p. 37-218) Hert, Ailgemeite Geschichte avy Literatur dex: Mittelalters im Abenlande J 287418873 vt the st of whieh desi wit the cary weiter wt Ah, Hammack, Gescticice der altchyistlichen Lateratur bis Busebins, Leipaigy 5 v4 3 lage vol the las two dealing especally with chronology. Ui." Retager, Giese der ach. Litentar in ton erston dees Tarumde, Welburg, 1898 and 1897. lst three ators are Rationaists of Protestant, |, A. Mohler, 2trelpin, oder chro Terr. Gach Regensburg, V.-WORKS DEALING WITH THE HISTORY OF DOCTRINES. A) RUCEN Wonks OX ‘HmE HistonY OF Docata. (For the easly writer, he Production, Staies on the Fathers p. 17-19. 1. Catholic authors J. H. Newman, 2ssay on the Deoslopnent of Chistian Ducrine, London, 4p? gad ed 1878, t HP) se Letrbuch der Degmengesohichte, Psangen, 18373 | Ney Dremel ana og 2. Sciranes Dyomongeotiche, Munster 1 and 11, 1862-1869: Freiburg Vi snk a¥, 1883, r8op; deals with cach theological matter in fone difereat sleet, Basie, Middle Ages, Modern peed "Bashy Dngnonficichle shatter Milsons 1693-1875 A. Ginotiine, Hieive die dame catioione dating the Biot tne centuries, Ws, 18535 unfeeds deals ehfely with Cod andthe Tei {'tineront, Hive dar dayne? (ell. B. E- HT), Paty 3 vols; 1 Ane Nicene "heology, 1995; IL. From ‘St Atbarasias (0 St “Angusting, 19095 N11. "The end of the Patric age (0-Bo0)s many revive editions forthe 1st to the 7th tomess the order is ciel Nitra. (Abbe. Hist. Dogin) Praetet on Rational antbrs. ‘A. Hamnack, Lekibich der Dopmengechichle, Kecibu 1885-1890, 3 vols. dies der, ope sae sate w etic ucaloions Wi Civitan doatine weer the influence of Greek thought fe Secerg Geman sanerative, ott ha ike Harmacy abled Levies (4895) 4 Manna (390) of he History of Dogina the folowing sito may be mentioned. Fe. Bonitasisvire des ces lve crdfeune, Pals, 1889" Betiine-Bakes, ali of an Intodeon tic istoy of Chesan doctrine unt the year 45, London, 1903; Balanos, Vinusuoyh ee -hy lseplny ay Boyitzen, Athens Tora IV.—RECENT BIOGRAPHICAL AND LITERARY WORKS: ON PATROLOGY. ‘See the Jairaduction (15-16) for studies of this nature previous to INERAL. PATROLOGIES, Pease Jnizationet Pelrolape, 2 vols Tosbrack, 1850-851: re-ii wid tmny aon and corrections bye Yowcwcawsy 1850-1856, 2 vols |B, Aleog, Zekrbuch der Patroleie, Preiburg, 1800. Nissen Lehrbuch der Ptrlets nd Patri, Meins, 1882-1885, 3 vo G, 'Busdeshewer, Puroope, Frelbang «vou. 18o4s aid ef 1910 A rye ein, Oneal eked and tmated, wid y P Gover CcNiuscusthet skied’ Ea Piney co Pile: Lar ols ot late omaem S vols, Pay, 1905. In the following pages the references are to tis eli Ute Bat for or), ‘Also by Daxossiwnny Geuchicte dor alirchlichen Literatur, Pei four volutes alcady pushed, 1 (1 al 20 cet), T908: (3rd cents) Imran een), 19124 WV Gib est) tong. : WB Reanschen, Granth dor Parlogie, Preibang, 10033 French tat Blpents te Detregie ud d'Uistire ter’ Dopnes, voy Be Rican, Pa 1906 (ana et 1911) Klbn, Patrlee, 2 vols, Paderbom, 1904-1908. J, Tiseront Pres de Paologe, Varie Yonbs several new eiions Jordan, {Droteant), Gechtle der elichrisichen Literatur, Leg, 198 2 PAKTIAL O INGOMMLINE PATKOLOGIES. B. Balitfol, a fieratare grocp, (lL By Be HY) Pati 1897; re-l R Duval, a literate singe (cl: BB. HL 1), Pay 18 Br Mouctau, Jisatre hina we V lfrigue chrlicene, Pats 108-393 seren ys 7S Pihire del litdratureltine ction, Pati, 1924, 176 pages P. de Labriolle, Ziviowe dele titbrature fatine Ghrditune, Bat, 1920, vol 40 pees 1B) GuNERAL STUDIES ON SPECIAL POINTS. Many monogtaphs bave been written on these questions since the middle of Jie ioth century: ‘The majority are concerned with the work of some early hwitcr oF treat of some controversy; they will be indicated in the appropriate Ajovlers of this work Others deat wil one docsial point and follow ts ‘i-sclopment throughout the whole Patrstic period, or some important part of its \iwration : only these letter are mentioned below. i yee ‘A. VARS, L2Edit di Calliste, Btuce sur les ovigines ae la penitence chréticnne, Wolk. BT. HL), Paris 1914.— Ze dopme de Nicte, Paris, 1926, htto:/Awww _ ofm™scatolicas com GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. xxxvil xxx. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. RR. Aigrain, Pour gulom live kx Pires, Pais, 1928 Baty, lice tg Flemstatte ane PL Batifiol, Jtudes @hivorse et re Mhiolgie poitine, frst series (on discipline of Ue secret, fonarie, the herardhy, toe agape y Pati, 19025 Serice(on the Fucker) recat snce the sth. (este, 1923 4 eke im following pages). d i si faettaicone ds origina ©. Lom a satis of sis comprising 4. The primitive Choreh (?Eglisenaissante) and Catholicism. 1900, 2, The Peace of Constantine and Catholicism, 1913 4. The Catholicism of 8. Augustine, 2 vol. 1620 4. Thhe Apostolic See (350-451), 1924 E. Bouvy, Les Pores te Zits 10 the Re (1964-1905) F. Cabrel, Le tir de ia pritre antique, Paris, 1900. Li Gapétat, ‘Le rots ie stu des infies (el B. . W.), Basis vor EDcheans, Astonamis sleigh npars, Bary 905 (nol = Lev origins de cutte citeien, Paris, dd. 1808. a Beleere encoun we Ugg 33h ot We Todas, 8 4 sly ag publisicd 1 ‘| Br Galtier, De ponitenia Tractan dtc hittaricus), Pars, r033 De bucarnatione ae Redempiione, Patsy 1926. Mgr M, d'Herbigny, Zlanleetca de Fclesa, Pais, 1920, 1921 ' ME. Jule, Phen degmaticecrisienrum arena, Pas 4 °T, Lebreton, Les ovighies du Dogme de ta Trinite, Pass, 1910. The sa ayilior bas rectotly published in vatious periodicals (Rech. Se, Rides Keo Bok Gegrimliy a eso tee te dg of heey aes to the nuhoen of the fent centurca, important elements of dhe hinton of dos revi ie Conall Nios nib fognd in thee ate epi 2d dy sacrifice de a reso, Pas, 392 Fr Martines, Zjauthcoa clove. pendant tes tote premiers s, delish (coll, B, T. HL), Pars, 1913 ‘A Michiels, Zorigine ae Pépiscepat. Study on the foundation’ of the Ch ihe work of the pone ad the development of te poet daring the tweo centuri Louvain, 1 F. Mourret, ist gin. del fgtise: I. Origine ehreticnnes. Wi, Les Perés PEilise ee. Pais, 1919, leubert, ifarie dans 1 Hise anlinicéonnes Paris, 1908. J Baresi, Pate By antine (ol Hk. HEE), Pai, 1908. + Pourrat Ze thiologie sacramentaire, Paris, 1907. ~ La spirinalitschvdionme, 1, Des origines ee Mayen Age, Paris, 1918. se Ranson, Eucariie wrt ‘bufsacrament, Bre tat by DCRR ‘Th. de: Regnion,,tuces dé thdelace postioe su Ue sainte Trinite P 1892-1896, 4 vols (work unfinisied), Tks Le Dame dee Ridin, Vai 1905 . Saltet' Les rdodinations, Past 1907. A. Sandreau, Lo sue dumine 9 Divi @ les moyens dy arriver, apie Granis Mattes de ta Spirituatitéy 3rd ed. revised and auginented, Angers, 1 BP. Semeria, Dagra, grarchta ecto nella Chiesa primitivs, Rome, 190%. M, dela Taille, Wilorion fide, Paris, 1921 J. Tixeront, £2 acrement i penitence tars Pantipuité chrétenne, (ol Wyis. 1910, 191. E. Card, Van Rossum, De esiemtis saerementi Ordinis dingniscts Wie ce ogmativa, Peibarg B. t014. A. Vill, 2isoire des eommandensexts de P Elis, Patsy 1900, 9 picat number of sinilar monographs may be found inthe above mentioned fel and sul more in the guest Zncytosedias. The Dict. de theol. cath. Pyyectally rch in ths tespeet. Tt ontains, for instance, an expesition ot the ii tcaching on Ged (Drew) by X. Te" Bachelet on Jers Christ and the Yr ‘wie Union, by 4s Michel, on Justification by J. Rivibe, om the Gifs of the ) iast, by Ae Gardkil on the /emacmdaze Concoition by %. Le Baclet and Jouic, the Bucherste pices, by 8, Salaville, on the Zucharia by ile, om the Drigins of the’ Episcapale by F. Paty ber, cer For 4 questions the Dictionnaire Apologétique iso less valoable fo instance WV Alc atieles on Mary in early patric Pradivin, the Paposy (ortsins ot ‘ination, Retention, Penances P. Gali satticle ou Canesten (penance Michiels on shops, B Vacanvlard on the -tporler’ Cred T. Dnchesne on iugustiniennic, te Vy Vs él), Paris; 1614. ‘Milani de Patrologie et Histoire des Dogmes (Eleven diferent studi Parisy 192 ~" Ont ot les Onitinations, Pa 1924. htto:/Awww of catolicas com htto:/Awww of INTRODUCTION. I. GENERAL NOTION OF PATROLOGY. Patrology is that branch of Theology which deals with ie life, writings and doctrine of the orthodox writers of hvistian Antiquity. By Christian Antiquity we mean the first eight centuries ithe Church. Although the historians are far from being yeed on this delimitation, we have resolutely decided to Joup under this title, as forming the Ls¢ Epoch of the History the Church, not only the centuries of persecution, but yo that of Constantine and Theodosius and even what usually termed the Early Middle Ages until shortly after je death of Charlemagne. In our opinion, the Middle es *, properly so-called, really begin. with’ the breaking p of the Carolingian Empire, the growth of /eadufism and radual formation of the great rival peoples of the West iicier the spiritual sway of the Papacy. Similarly, from the Jigious standpoint, the Middle Ages may be said to yinmence with the separation of the Bycantine Church from tome, a Church which, abetted by the Emperor, expanded ) greatly that it brought under its authority almost the hole of the East, and particularly the Slavonic peoples, hose conversion has been retarded right up to our own lines. The Modern Period which forms the Z77rd Epoch ings with it the consummation of this lamentable rending conception ofthe Middle Ages will, no doubt, astound those who ally ‘wih the idea of *bardardtm and hold thatthe only true eivilisation he Greco-Roman and that of the modem world since the Rensisonce, | or whom the spa:e of time between coreeqponds to the absence of cil: lion The fact that modern elvilsation fs derived from that of the witent Wi), thanks to the action of the Chueh which transmitted it to the new ions. "(See G. KURTA: Oweutce gue 1b Moyen-dge? Paris, Collection Hon ct Religion), The Middle Ages are the middle epoch of the history tie Chareh’ and. of civilisation. ‘Various authors have considered ta ‘aulier of later, according tothe nature of the phenomena upon which inssted. “The events of which we bave writen had universal ‘and alfected both the Church and the politcal and social order of i wort, Ne 652, catolicas com 4 INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION. 5 Will enable us to lead up to a synthetic in Whole of thelr teaching’® nn suming up of the Ihe Doctrine of these authors is likewise the object WI Vatrology. I: is obviously impossible to cover the whole Hipli, but we can at least draw attention to the following: ) The various points on which each Father has particularly listed; those which mark a distinct step forward on those his predecessors or those which prove him to be a pioneer. ) ‘lis opinions regarding the most controverted questions lis day and environment, or the information. he supplies ih regard to otherwise obscure periods, 3) Lastly, the points of his teaching, requiring a favourable inter- jetation or even unequivocal condemnation, It is by means of this doctrinal synthesis that Patrology ppiten Tinked up with the History of Dogma and Positive logy %. The word degra, in the present sense of the term, does pi mean the whole of Christian doctrine but only revealed uths as proposed by the Church 3, These truths have not Ways been grasped with equal understanding, The for- las which contain them, before their definition and even the actual fixing of the definition, were the subject of Wietuating controversies, which provide the matter of the listory of Dogma. The latter is completed by the /Téstory Theology, which deals with the inception and the deve- ent of the various systems which have been thought out these same truths. Since the Fathers ten played an important part in these controversies and ten enough invented personal theological systems, any unt of their teaching must be accompanied by frequent Weursions into these two branches of the Hisiory of the rch, In addition Positive Theology, which concerns itself with ving by means of Holy Scripture and Tradition that {i and such a truth is really revealed by God and defined the Church, supposes on the one hand a thorough acquain- nce with the Fethers, and on the other contributes to the among them have earned the title of Doctor of the Chur There was indeed a time when they appeared in suel numbers, when their doctrines met with so much consid ration, when their works were so sound, that it is exaggeration to term the centuries during which the} flourished, the golden age of the Theologians and the Doctors This period reaches from the twelfth to the sixteentl century. It should not be thought, however, that the: great thinkers represent an isolated movement within th Church, ‘They do but carry on the great. intellectu tradition of previous centuries; they are the direct desces dants of the Fathers. It is not unwarranted, therefore, include them in a treatise of Patrology and we are not th first todoso'. This method is justified in practice by i immense utility in demonstrating the uninterrupted doctrin life of the Church, and further by drawing the reader’ attention to the works of these doctors who, in our o time, are undoubtedly the masters of Christian thoug! both as regards Spirituality and Theology. Ml, THE OBJECT OF PATROLOGY. ‘The object of Patrology is the Aéstory and the dactri of the Fathers of the Church : that is the title of this work, The study of the Lives of the authors, and especial ‘of those who occupy the foremost ranks in the doctring battles of the Church, is particularly important and useft for it is thus that we can arrive at the true character of th men and a sure understanding of the circumstances whi occasioned the composition of their works. Theit Writings are a part of history. The first care, thet must be to determine which of them are auéhentic, Tl scope of this book, however, renders it impossil all the critical problems which arise. ourselves usually with giving the findings of the more rece authors who have treated these questions. On the oth hand, we intend to give a considerable analysts of the chit works of the leading authors in each period, This methe * ly thos giving greater space to doctrinal treatment and reducing the eal pisos, andy “neect than elementary couse, we exunt on sesping - —

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