a 86 if clauses 1: present verb forms Real situations in the present and future a (If you think I'm going to walk around an DST (700 loking rates you mast be ‘ad! You two go. and if youre looking for me later ibe inte café OK. 11 go ifyou pay! What about you, Yan? | mCP Presentation You use an ffclause to describe a situation, and the ‘When it is at the beginning of the sentence, use a ‘main clause to describe the consequences ‘comma to separate it from the main clause {Fclause: situation main clause: consequence I'll go ifyou pay. Ifyou pays go you go, Tllgo To describe present and future situations that are real The if clause can come before or after the main clause, _ of likely to happen, use the verb forms below itclause Main clause Situations that are iF present simple Present simple, imperative, modal verbs such as generally true, habits Sra aE me eat pear called get ready to 300. gro conditional) g ty there may ba a ghost nearby. ther prasent verb form Present simple, imperative, modal verbs euch as situations, rules and can, must, should or might regulations 7 au If youre looking for excitement, this isthe tour fer you! oy been interested in ghosts, 19g and find out {you are under 14, be with an adult, ns |F + present verb form or be g Donot Future verb forms (S98 unit 56), imperative, (often called trst Use wi. Say ) ‘Modal verbs auch as can, must, should or might, cconational) you go 11m gain youre going can you take Nick with you? (youre kooking for me later, beinth ‘if or when? when but not if if you know something is going to happen, Either ifor whem: when you are talking about use when: We'll come to the café when the tour finishes. predictable, repeated actions, you can use either or when: IWhen the temperature drops below 1 it snows ‘f but not when: if you're not sure that something is true or will happen, use if I the tour finishes before the café closes, we'll join you for a coffee ie See page 238: Summary of conditionals= Exercises 1 Match 1-6 with A-G. If you like ghost stories, ‘we won't wait for you, Please arrive on time. If you're late ask about our special group prices, If you can't go to the match tonight, can have i? If you're going to be here tomorrow hi Wea great holiday! 3 Ifyou're planning a birthday part you'll love this new tour: 8 If we don’t see you tomorrow you can join us for our 10"*anniversar anmmooas can Thave your ticket? If you've Finis cd with that newspaper, 2 Choose the correct options. go to the match tomorrow, cat / will Lcome with you in 1 you're sing/ wil sur ear? 2. Ifyou don't / won't get the tickets today, there arent / won't be any left 3. Ifyou's 1 Tom later this afternoon, ca / do you give him a message, please? 4 Tfyou'l want /you want to get ft quic follow these simple rules, 5 You know he doesn / won't come tomorrow if you don’t won't ask him in person. 6 Ifyou need / you'll need any help, just let me know 3. Replace if with when where possible. A 1 itmus paper turns red if you place it in acid 2 Children only. You cannot go beyond this point if you are over Lt. 3. Ifyou like chocolate, why not try our special triple chocolate treat? 4 We sometimes have our class out in the garden if the weather's ni 5 The oven switches itself off if it gets too hot. 6 Ifyou keep going straight on down this road, you'll see the station — at the end, 4 Complete these sentences so they are true for you. If it's raining tomorrow, I I this weekend, if’ 1 7 enough time, 3. Ireally enjoy if 4 [finish this exercise in time, Ican 183Neen 87 if clauses 2: past simple rin woul re he was, | (es, | were him, leave the country tal the pice Tf youknow where is many lea inform the pot Presentation etic Use if + past simple to talk about imaginary or hypot al situations in the pre: Use would in the main clause to talk about the consequences. If knew where he was, {certainly wouldn't tell the police. If Lwere him, I leave the country What would you do if the bank gave you a million dollars? Helause Use if + past simple to tak about: ‘a present situation that fs the oppaste ofthe real situation 2a future sitvation that you think is not likely to happen, {11 knew where he was, (but | don't) —-+ {1 pad a milion dollers, (out | havent Iv the bank gave you a milion pounds, (you don't = —> think it's likely to happen) Note: this is often rafarred to as the second conditional was / were You can use was or were with I, he, she and it. Were is considered to be more formal. If Twas/were him, I'd give the money to charity You often use If I were you ft to give advice: you, I'd hand myself in to the police. could, might Use could to talk about abilities in the imaginary situation; If Thad a million dollars, J could pay off all my debts, (= Pd be able to pay) Use might to talk about one of two or more possible If he handed himself into the police, they might arrest him for theft. 184 Main clause nsequend 2 of the imaginary Use would + be + -ing to tak about an action in progross: | wouldn't tell the po! the Bahamas. Note: the contracted form of would is The cof would nat is wouldn't HE could can be used in both clauses. In the ifclause, could is the past simple of cam: If I could sing .... In the main clause, could = would be able tor... {could join your band. Real or imaginary? When a present or future situation is real or likely, use a present verb form with if If you know where this man is, please contact the police. tis possible that someone knows where the a the situation is imaginary or unli past simple with if If knew w (= I don’t know where he is. re he was, I wouldn' tell the police See page 238: Summary of conditionalsxercises Choose the correct options. In one sentence, both answers are possible. Ifthey invited me, I might / would go I suppose, but I'm not sure, Tcouldn't / wouldn't worry if | were you. If there were too many people staying at Bill's, you could / would stay at ours, ' accept a job from him, even if he offer wouldn't be able to afford to buy a house. led my salary, Ist Honestly, Im IL was lp you if I could, you, I'd 1 2 3 4 5 Even if they do 6 7 8 Ifsomeone gives / gave me too much change by mistake, I wouldn't say anything! Correct the mistakes in the sentences below. There is one mistake in each sentence. 1 Ifthe bank gave me all that money by mistake, gave it all away to charity Id fire the person who made the mistake if be the bank manager 3° If were the customer, [leave the country and take -w identity. 4 The bank might let the customer keep some of the money if he would give himself up. 5 I didn’t recognise him if I saw him in the street, If] were given a million dollars, I tried to spend it all as soon as I possibly could. ) Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple or would, Use contracted forms where possible. Then listen and check. 1A: Ifyouare coming tonight, can you bring your cat? Br Sorry, if (have) it] (bring) it, but Ive lent it to Zara 2 A: What (youd), ifyo (be) met B: I think I (ace 3° A: Ifyou know where he is, please tell me. pt) the job, but only if they (offer) to give mea pay rise! B: But I don't know! Honestly, if (know) where he * (be), you (be) the first person I'd tell 4 Complete these sentences so they are true for you. 1 IfThave time tonight, t 2 If tdidn'thave to tomorrow, | 3° don't usually if I don't have to. 4 Twould nei even if 185Talking about things that did if clauses 3: past perfect not hap They really shouldn't have lett. go. Presentation us not happen in the past. The situation describ: + past perfect to talk about situations that did is often the opposite of what really happened. Use would have + past participle to talk about the hypothetical past consequences of the imagined past situation: imagined past situation imagined pa: would have + past par he'd have hit it Note: this is often referred to as the third ct ‘The contracted form for both had and would is If Td told you, you'd have told the police. Don't confuse the two forms. Had is followed by a past participle: If!'d told you, ... = If Thad told you, Would is followed by have + past par iple: You'd have told the police. = You would have told the police. would have, could have, might have Use would have to describe the logical consequence of a hypothetical situation: He would definitely have hit the fog (fhe hadit se Use could have or might have to speculate on one of two or more possible consequences of a hypothetical past situation: Ifthe driver hadn't stopped in time ‘could/might have got killed! (= This is one possible hypothetical consequence.) 186 If the driver hadh'e seen the dog in time, held have hit it You can use couldn't have to talk about a lack of ability in the past. In this case might b bu cannot us: re, nor can you use an if clause: The ould) have reacted any quicker. (= it was physically impossible) Real or imaginary? When you want to talk abouta real past situation use if + past simple: Ifyou knew the dog wasn't on wara the driver? lead, why didn't you Ifyou knew = you did know Compare it witha sentence using if + past perfe If Td known the dog wasn't on the ead, I would have sarned the drive, If known = 1 didn't know. You often use if criticism of a past action, a real past situation to express should have, ought to have Use should have and ought fo rave to talk about t correct of morally tight thing to do in a past situation, You often use these forms to criticise past actions If they couldn't control the dog, it shouldn't (or ought not 10) have been off the lead. Ifyou knew the dog was loose, you ought to have ( should have) warExercises 4 choose the correct options. IEVd arrive / arrived on time, Td have / hi poken to him before he lef If my phone hadn't / wouldn't have run out of battery, I'd called / have called you Thadn't arrived / wouldn't have arrived late if my car hadn't / wouldn't have broken dow hey'd never found out / have found out, ifhe hadn't / wouldn't have said something, think we could have / had won, if we'd try / tried harder ranted to come, you'd found / have found a way. 2 complete the sentences about the imagined past situations. The teacher was very angry with him because he .adn't done his homework. int have been 0 angey with hint Twas very ti this morning because I went to bed late last night, It late last night, so tired this mornii 3 You didn't tell me it w cr birthday, so I didn’t bring her a present Ifyou her birthday, 1 4 present for her I passed the exam because you helped me I the exam if you me I didn’t see you, so I didn't say hello, I hello if you. © Idida't iss my train because it was delayed, If the trair on time, I it 3 Complete the sentences using the verbs in the boxes. might have would have should have That was a very silly thing to do! You really been more careful 2 IET'd paid more attention, learnt something new. 4. Ifshe'd won the competition, she been the first woman to do so. ould have shouldn't have wouldn't have If you'd paid more attention, you got lost. 5 Ifyou didn't know what you were doing, you en on the boat 6 That was very irresponsible. Someone got hurt. 4 write the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check. You missed a good concert last night. You really should have been there, B ButI was! Ifyou bbe) there, why? (notisee) you? B Iwas the gallery. Ifyou (look) up, you me. I waved at you, but you didn't wave back. WL (not wave} back, it* (be) because I couldn't see you! Why didn't you text me or something? If you {send) a text, we go) out for a drink or something, BL tried, but | didn’t have any credit on my phone. And anywa Thad to go home early89 | af Clases 4: past simple and past perfect - Tow? an? THANKS FOR, WHERE ARE Yo? CALLING Me! F (TS HALE PAST TEN You HADN'T PaaneD, (ouRE SuRPOSED 10 Sti BE BE ATHEARPORT,, ie ALAR, DON'T Go oe! LL MISS she FucK IT WASN'T POM ate, ode wnve Miser he Ficn Presentation he In conditional sentences describing unreal situations, the ifclause and the main clause do not have to refer same time. An imagined situation in the present (If I didn't have to work late every night) or the future (If dicn’t have to do an exam next week) could have had an effect on the past: + present situation, past consequence: Ifyou werent such a good friend, you wouldn't have called me. (= We are good friends; you did call me.) © fut te situation, past consequence: If didn’t have a mee! didn't go to the party.) ter today, I would to that party last night. An imagined situation in the past (If you hadn't ca an have an imagined consequence in the present or future me, I'd * past situation, present result: f you hadn't eall sleep. (= You called me; 1am not asleep.) ‘© past situation, future result: /f hadn't (= Llent my car; I can’t take you this afternoon.) brother, I could take you to the airport this aft e following verb forms to describe the situations and their consequences. situation consequence/result 188Exercises 1 Match 1-4 with A-D. 1 fhe wasn’t so eas At 2 IfDon hadn't told me about the exhibition, BI 3 Ifhe wasn't the boss's husband, c 7 4° IEPA finished this work last n D 2 Choose the correct options. 1 ft didn’t have so mach work on at the moment, I would / co auvay for the weekend. 2 Lf we hadn't had that stupid argument, I suppose we migl 3° Ifhe'd explained the situation better, they wouldi’? do, 4 have trusted him if he weren't s0 arrogant a 5 Ifyou hadn't told him about the money, everything might 6 Ifyou knew more about him, you ouldn’t hav 3 Past simple, past perfect and would. 1 J ohn went toa job interview, but he didn't g Ithe be] so shy, I'm sure he 2 My boss was looking for an assistant who can speak Japan apply for the job, I (apply) for the job if 3 My brother needed a lift to the airport, but I don’t have a car. if have) a car, I 4 [passed my exams, so my parents bought me a new computer: fl (not pass) my exams, I 5 You were out late last You're feeling very tired this mor If yo. (go) to bed early, you You didn't listen to my advice, Now you'e in trouble Ifyou (listen) to my advice, you 4 Complete these sentences so that they are true for you. n born ten years earlier, P'd/I wouldn't IrT'dbe 2 TfL knew how to 3. IfThadn't yesterday could have have told hin r wouldn't be her I think Jeff might have h ulin’ still be OK. | differently tthe job because he was too shy. with everyone else what | thought of him! ave accepted their invitation to go still be together now, but I'm not sure Read the situations, then complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets and the et) the job, se. I don’t speak Japanese, so I didn't (speak) Japanese, (give) hima lift to the airport (still/use) my old computer. Td/I wouldn't have Pd/I wouldn't be not/feel) so tired now. (not/be) in trouble. today