THEATRE EQUIPMENT,

INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES

NUR 223
MILDRED ODHIAMBO
 INTRODUCTION
• The operating room requires a wide range of
equipment, instruments and supplies

• Procurement of the right equipment is vital in

ensuring quality services are offered at a
reasonable cost

• Planned preventive maintenance is

recommended for all equipment
 BASIC EQUIPMENT
• These are standard for • Where patient lies
all theatres: during procedures
• Operating table • It is narrow to allow the
surgical team to both
reach the patient
without straining
• Has accessories used for
various positions
• Can be hydraulic or
electric
ANAESTHETIC MACHINE
• Allows for delivery of of
oxygen and other gases for
induction and maintenance
of anaesthesia
• Provides mechanical
ventilation for the surgical
patient
• Enables the anaesthetist to
monitor the patient
throughout the surgical
procedure
PATIENT MONITOR
• Used for monitoring
heart rate
• Non invasive or invasive
blood pressure
• Saturation of oxygen
• Respiration
• Temperature
• Endtidal carbondioxide
 ELECTROSURGICAL UNIT
• Used for coagulation and • Also called diathermy
cutting during surgery machine
• Has monopolar and bipolar
modes
• In monopolar, current flows
through the patient so a
return electrode plate must
be used
• In bipolar, current flows
through one end of forceps
and out through another
OPERATING LIGHTS
• Are shadowless
• Are bright but have low
intensity of heat
• Can be overhead on the
roof or portable
• Allows clear visulaization
of surgical site during
procedures
• LED is prefered to
halogen light
SUCTION UNIT
• Can be electric or
attached to wall
vacuum
• Should be at least two
• Used to suck secretions
on the anesthesia side
• Used to suction blood
and fluid on the surgical
side
 AUTOCLAVE

•
• uses steam under pressure
to sterilize instruments
• Has two temperature sets
121 degrees
• 134 degrees
 OTHER EQUIPMENT
• Depends on procedures to be done
Syringe pump for infusing
drugs in small doses Operating
microscope
for eye, ear and
neuro
operations
 Cont. OTHER EQUIPMENT
• Laparoscopy equipment • Endoscopy equipment
 Cont. OTHER EQUIPMENT
• pneumatic torniquet &
cuffs used to apply • Orthopaedic drill used
pressure on the vessels for making holes in the
and stop bleeding in bone
orthopaedic surgery
 Cont. OTHER EQUIPMENT

Heart- lung machine used

for open heart surgery

Resucitaire for receiving & preparing the

newborn baby during ceasarian section
 SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
• A specially designed tool or device for
performing specific actions or carrying out
desired effects during a surgery or operation,
 CONT. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Graspers, such • Needle drivers,(also
as forceps known as needle
• Clamps and occluders holders) used to hold
for blood vessels and suture needle while it is
other organs passed through tissue
and to grasp suture
while instrument knot
tying.
 CONT. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Retractors, used to • Distractors, positioners
spread and stereotactic devices
open skin, ribs and • Mechanical cutters
other tissue (scalpels, lancets, drill
bits, rasps, trocars, Ligas
ure, Harmonic
scalpel, surgical scissors,
rongeurs etc.)
 CONT. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Dilators and specula, for • Suction tips and tubes,
access to narrow for removal of bodily
passages or incisions fluids
 CONT. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Laparoscopic • Laparoscopic
instruments instruments are long
• can be reusable or
disposable
 CONT. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Sealing devices, such as surgical staplers
• Irrigation and injection needles, tips and tubes, for introducing
fluid
• Powered devices, such as drills, cranial drills and dermatomes
• Scopes and probes, including fiber optic endoscopes and tactile
probes
• Carriers and appliers for optical, electronic and mechanical
devices
• Ultrasound tissue disruptors, cryotomes and
cutting laser guides
• Measurement devices, such as rulers and calipers
 CONT. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Maintenance of instruments is done by:
• Using the right instrument for the right
procedure
• Washing using appropriate solution
• Drying and oiling
• Packing appropriately before sterilizing
 SURGICAL CONSUMABLES
• Cap for covering the • Surgical blade is used
hair during surgery

• Sterile surgical glove

 CONT. SURGICAL CONSUMABLES
• SUTURES • Consists of a needle &
suture (thread)
• Used to bring tissue together
after a cut or surgery
• Are absorbable or non
absorbable
• Have sizes:
• 10/0, 9/0, 8/0, 7/0…….2/0, 1,
2, 3
• 10/0 smallest
• 3 biggest
 CONT. SURGICAL CONSUMABLES
• Raytec Gauze -used
sterile to dub bleeding
area during surgical
procedures
• Has an xray detectable
line
• Dressing material for
covering wound
 CONT. SURGICAL CONSUMABLES
• Surgical staples used to • Used to collect excess
close the skin fluid/blood from
surgical site to avoid
hematoma formation
• Can be tube, vacuum,
corrugated drains
• Depending on objective
drains can also be
improvised like from
gloves
 CONT. SURGICAL CONSUMABLES
• Are usually disposable
• Ensure sterility and expiry before use
• Inventory management is important to ensure
consistent supplies
Questions!