Submitted

XYZ
by Tooba Anwar
Reg#70107805
ASSIGNMENT
How to manage patients after Myocardial infarction? describe detailed physiotherapy
protocol?

Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction (ie, heart attack) is the irreversible necrosis of heart muscle secondary to
prolonged ischemia. Approximately 1.5 million cases of MI occur annually in the United States

Management
Managing patients after a myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, involves a
comprehensive approach to their care. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the rehabilitation
process and helps patients regain strength, endurance, and overall cardiovascular fitness.
Here is a detailed physiotherapy protocol for managing patients after a
myocardial infarction:
1. Initial Assessment:
- Perform a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, current
condition, and any cardiac interventions or surgeries they have undergone.
- Assess vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen
saturation.
- Evaluate the patient's functional status, exercise tolerance, and any
symptoms they may be experiencing.
- Assess the patient's psychological well-being and address any anxiety or
fear related to their MI.

2. Education:
- Provide education about the nature of myocardial infarction, including the
causes, risk factors, and importance of medication compliance.
- Explain the role of physiotherapy in the rehabilitation process and set realistic
goals.
- Educate the patient about lifestyle modifications, such as a heart-healthy
diet, smoking cessation, stress management, and weight management.

3. Mobilization and Early Ambulation:

- Encourage early mobilization and ambulation within the limits set by the
medical team.
- Start with gentle movements, such as sitting on the edge of the bed and
dangling the feet.
- Gradually progress to walking short distances, initially with assistance if
needed, and then independently.
- Monitor the patient's vital signs during ambulation and observe for any
signs of distress.

4. Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercises:

 - Design an individualized exercise program based on the patient's functional
capacity, exercise tolerance, and any cardiac precautions.
- Begin with low-intensity aerobic exercises, such as walking on a flat surface,
for short durations (e.g., 5-10 minutes).
- Gradually increase the duration and intensity of aerobic exercises,
incorporating activities like stationary cycling, treadmill walking, or
swimming.
- Include resistance training exercises to improve muscle strength and
endurance, targeting major muscle groups.
- Monitor the patient's heart rate, blood pressure, and perceived exertion
during exercise and modify the intensity accordingly.

5. Monitoring and Progress Evaluation:

- Regularly monitor the patient's vital signs, including heart rate, blood
pressure, and oxygen saturation, during exercise sessions.
- Assess the patient's response to exercise, such as any angina symptoms,
shortness of breath, or fatigue.
- Use standardized functional tests, such as the 6-minute walk test or the
sub-maximal exercise stress test, to evaluate the patient's progress over
time.
- Modify the exercise program based on the patient's response and progress,
ensuring a gradual increase in intensity and duration.

6. Lifestyle Modification Support:

- Provide ongoing counseling and support to help the patient adhere to
lifestyle modifications.
- Collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as dietician, to ensure
the patient receives comprehensive care.
- Encourage participation in stress management techniques, relaxation
exercises, and support groups to address psychological and emotional well-
being.
7. Long-term Follow-up:
- Emphasize the importance of long-term adherence to a heart-healthy
lifestyle and regular physical activity.
- Schedule regular follow-up visits to monitor the patient's progress, provide
support, and address any concerns or setbacks.
- Collaborate with the medical team to adjust medications or interventions as
needed.
Note
It's important to note that the above protocol should be tailored to each patient's
individual needs, taking into account their medical condition, functional capacity,
and any specific guidelines or recommendations from their healthcare provider. A
multidisciplinary approach involving physiotherapists, cardiologists, nurses, and
other healthcare professionals ensures comprehensive