Ing. Paredes Lift Methods. “are adapted from 2=supercompressibility (dimensionless) used with success L=Tinear flow path avel packs for both A= total area open to flow {A= area of 1 perforation shot density : % perforated interval) Vv b= viscosity, op ‘Making use of the previous equations in a nodal analy Sevilalow uta pri he presare drop ars [pravel pack with reasonable accuracy 4532 METHOD OF ANALYSIS. ‘The gravel-pack nodal analysi ing the gravel pack as a functional node (a node length perpendicular to flow is smal). Its effects ca this manner, be isolated for direct examination. I Intion of the gravel pack’s effects on flow is useful for planning (one can calculate and plot the effect of var; ing the parameters of the pack) and for evaluating a ‘gravel pack’s performance post-facto. ‘The general and most common procedure for either an oil or gas well is given as follows: (1) Plot an IPR curve (Figure 4.79) (2) Plot a tubing intake curve (Figure 4.80). (G) Transfer AP between the IPR and tubing curve (Fig: the gravel pack and plot on Figure 48: uate other shot densities or other variables os in Figure 4.83, ure drop caused by the gravel pack can, Escaneado con CamScannerLig. Paredes Nodal Systems Analysis 135 Escaneado con CamScannerwhere: = 818% 10° B76 TZ (424) hry b= [1.424 10 wT, Klin (0472 t4/r.) + SI/keh (4.25) q= flow rate, Mefa ‘a= turbulence term b= Darcy flow term P,= reservoir pressure (shut-in bottom-hole Dressure), psia Pay=sandface flowing bottom-hole pressure, pal ia B= turbulence coefficient, f-! %4_= Has speci gravity (dimensionless) = reservoir temperature, “MCF 460) 2 = supercompressibility (imencionlony hy= perforated interval f f= Maca ep fe drainage radius, wellbore radiue: ft Note that we : ns hat have substituted Pa for Pern 8=147 x 10-« b=2437 Escaneado con CamScannerFigure 4.80 Tobing| 2 (8) The next step is to Nodal Systems Analysis a ake Curve: Gas Wol Gravel Pack ‘Const Tubing Intake Cure cape: S00 transfer the AP between the Te neal tubing intake curve (see Figure 4.59) TPR svihis, calculate and plot the pressure drop Teee tthe syatomn less the gravel pack BY su (ang the tubing curve pressures from the IP snd then plot- Escaneado con CamScanner4a8 Technology of Artificial Litt Methods in these equation from those inthe radial foe Raf to Figures 4200 and 4200. fig variable iL, (une! lat y ‘ radial flow rest eran ein ea inthe ns Boyan ert me rte came shay Perna! ascgnre DLCs eh ao rnc int mente sean OD Heth ese par io Trea mel es fw ree derpretie ean a. prediction of a higher thse” absolutely-necessary shot density. Conversely, mercy ght See he comer performance. formtention of ths example and for general arstetion of modal analysis, we recommend the Paenttrpechod measuring the 1 (near flow ath frm the cement sheath tothe screen OD— Bests it much expansive oso fe more mn necessary before a gravel pack thar topull the pack and reperforate after a pack has been placed orto lose production or to have A ravel pack fail because of an excessive pres ute drop ‘By examining the equation, we can see that mang the agun of can el omit pressure drop in the gravel pack. In re ant tne that can be washed over ently, should it becorne eens tdo To at d an anlar space : in Figure 490) i considered opt ‘casing is sulicent to allow for placement "ap ing arn vg srry method muoling sang and inci effects of the length flow iow path ond ite related, proseure Escaneado con CamScannerNodal Systems Analysis 149 TUBING SIZE‘ 2.992in1.0 IPR COMPLETION OP FOR, PERFORATIONS? FOOT j Escaneado con CamScanner180 Technology of Artificial Lift Methods TUBING SIZE 2.992 in1.D IPR COMPLETION OP FOR 4 PERFORATIONS/ FOOT Escaneado con CamScannerNodal Systems Analysis 151 jurbulence factor, ft-! 2.33 x 10 a= ‘y= gas specific gravity (dimensionless) temperature, °R (°F + 460) Jupercompressibility factor (dimensionless) re= radius of compact zone, ft (r= ry +055 in) p= radius of perforation, ft Ly = perforation tunnel length, ft (see Table 4.44) p= viscosity, ep ky = permeability of compacted zone, md = 0.1k formation if shot overbalanced (4k formation if shot underbalanced ‘Table 4.44 has been prepared showing perforation Escaneado con CamScanner182 Technology of Artificial Lift Methods from drilled hole to end of perforation) " neue Diameter of perforated hole = 0.51 in. seem ceaaet Cateutate ‘| oreo ‘Assume P average = 4000+ 1,000 FO = 2,500 psi Use $loses increments for a computer solution to evalua pete puter solution to evaluate IPR curve. Use the Jones, Blount, (see Figure. 4.105), x 10° Flore 4108 (PA Cure: Gas Wet Exampie, Standard Portoravons ‘Step 1, Construct IPR Curve in the equation is the length from the drilled hhole or calipered hole to the end of the perfora tion. For this example, the perforation length wa Given from the service company as being 12.1 in. The calculated L, is: = 191 —hole size 1,=121 Bear S2m—ee7s Escaneado con CamScannerNodal Systems Analysis 153 “OP" TRANSFER GAS WELL EXAMPLE STANDARD PERFORATIONS STEP 3 TRANSFER “AP” ly among the total per- “the flow rate through nto find P. Escaneado con CamScanner184 86, Technology of Artificial Lift Methods AP PLOTS FOR 4SPF GAS WELL EXAMPLE STANDARD PERFORATIONS STEP 4 CONSTRUCT AP LINE DUE TO COMPLETION AND METHOD OF PERFORATING 8 9 10 Escaneado con CamScannerNodal Systems Analysis 155 FINAL PLOT WELL EXAMPLE GAS STANDARD PERFORATIONS Pah = 1500 psi 2-3/8" TUBING PF (UNDER BALANCED) AP = 2280 psi ‘overbalanced. Finally, 8 spf underbalanced bal "320 b/d, which is near the maximum of points out the fact that perfora- also be cleaned up in some appropriate Escaneado con CamScannerIPR CURVE OIL WELL_EXAMPLE STANDARD PERFORATIONS STEP | CONSTRUCT IPR CURVE Escaneado con CamScanner