Computer Awareness Bundle PDF Course 2023

Introduction to Computer

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
A Computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical
operations automatically. It has the ability to store, retrieve and process data.
PARTS OF A COMPUTER
1. Monitor: - A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form.
2. Keyboard: - A keyboard is an input device that enables a user to input text into a computer.
3. Mouse: - A mouse is an input device that allows the user to navigate one’s computer system. It controls the
movement of the cursor on the computer screen and allows users to move and select folders, text, files, and
icons on a computer.
4. CPU: - The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It executes instructions of a
computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input-output operations.
5. Routers: - Routers are networking devices that enable exchanging of data from different networks.
6. Speakers: - It is an output device that generates sound, when connected to a computer.

APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER
1. Business: - Computers are used in business for accounting, keeping all records up-to date, etc.
2. Education: - Computers are a very effective tool which can be used for teaching and learning, result
processing, student data processing, notes preparation, etc.
3. Entertainment: - Different types of entertainment modes such as multimedia, film-making with animation,
graphics, audio and visual design are done with the help of computers.
4. Offices: - Computers are used for preparing reports, storing/deleting reports, updating reports, etc. in the
office, and much more.
What is Data?
Data can be referred to as something that can be recorded in the form of text or pictorial representation. Itis defined
as a representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner, which should be suitable for
communication, interpretation, or processing, by human or electronic machine.

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 Computer Awareness Bundle PDF Course 2023
Introduction to Computer

Data is generally represented by (A-Z), (a-z) and (0-9) sets. It also includes special characters, +,- ,/,*,<,>,= and so
on.
What is information?
Information is organized or classified data, which has some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is the
processed data on which decisions and actions are based.
For the decision to be meaningful, the processed data must qualify for the following characteristics:
● Timely − Information should be available when required.
● Accuracy − Information should be accurate.
● Completeness − Information should be complete.

What is instruction?
It is a command given to a computer in the language only understood to the computer by the user.
What is a program?
It is a set of instructions given to a computer in order to perform some task.
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
Data processing is the re-structuring or re-ordering of data by people or machines to increase their usefulness and
add values for a particular purpose. Data processing consists of the following basic steps - input, processing, and
output. These three steps constitute the data processing cycle.

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 Computer Awareness Bundle PDF Course 2023
Introduction to Computer

● Input – The input data is received in many forms, for example, when electronic computers are used, the
input data can be recorded on any one of the several types of input medium, such as magnetic disks, tapes,
and so on.
● Processing −In this step, the input data is changed to produce data in a more useful form. For example, pay-
checks can be calculated from the time cards, or a summary of sales for the month can be calculated from
the sales orders.
● Output −In this stage, the result of the proceeding processing step is collected. The particular form of the
output data depends on the use of the data. For example, output data may be pay-checks for employees.

Advantages of Computers

Following are certain advantages of computers.

High Speed: -
● Computersare very fast devices.
● It is capable of performingcalculations of very large amounts of data.
● The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the picosecond.
Accuracy
● In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate. The calculations are 100% error free.

Storage Capability
● A computer can store large amounts of data and can store any type of data such as images, videos, text,
audio, etc.

Diligence
● Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration.
● It can work continuously without any error and boredom.
● It can perform repeated tasks with the same speed and accuracy.

Versatility
● A computer is a very versatile machine.
● A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.
● This machine can be used to solve problems related to various fields.
● At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next moment it may be playing
a card game.
Reliability
● A computer is a reliable machine.
● Modern electronic components have long lives.

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 Computer Awareness Bundle PDF Course 2023
Introduction to Computer

● Computers are designed to make maintenance easy.

Automation
● Computer is an automatic machine. Automation is the ability to perform a given task automatically. Once
the computer receives a program i.e., the program is stored in the computer memory, then the program and
instruction can control the program execution without human interaction.
Reduced Paperwork
● The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to reduction in paperwork and results in
speeding up the process. As data in digital form can be stored and accessed when required.

Secrecyand Protection
● Leakage of information is reduced by creating a login system with password protection.

Plug and Play

● Computers have the ability to automatically configure new hardware and software component. Hence, it
gives an on-the-go feature.

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