262 Solutions One of the applications employing pneumatics si metering. Give in details an example of such application. (Lecture) ‘An air Pressure gauge is an instrument used to measure the amount of Pressure exerted by air or Similar gases.lt is a mechanical device that convert the force of a Preumatic System into a Visual dial indicator calibratad to represent the air pressure. Describe the weight-loaded accumulator (search) Weight loaded accumulators are generally equipped with a piston loaded with a dead weight. Hence when the piston moves within the cylinder, this results in exerting pressure on the hydraulic fluid. Materials such as iron, concrete block or even steel are generally used as the dead weight. for Describe the air lubricator and how to check the oll dosage? P149,151 a) Asa rule, the compressed air which is generated should be dry, ie. free of oil. For some components lubricated air is damaging, for others, itis undesirable, but for power components it may in certain cases be necessary. Lubrication of the compressed air should therefore always be limited to the plant sections which require lubrication. For this purpose, mist lubricators are fitted to feed the compressed air with specially selected oils. Oils which are introduced into the air from the compressor are not suitable for the lubrication of control system components. b) Itis possible to check the oil dosage as follows: A piece of white cardboard should be held at a distance of ap- proximately 10 cm from the exhaust port of the power valve of the cylinder which is furthest away from the lubricator. If the system is then al- lowed to operate for some time, it should be possible to see only a pale-yellow color ‘on the cardboard. Dripping oil is a clear sign of over- lubrication. Mention the safety requirements for pneumatic clamping device (P51) The control system for the pneumatic clamping devices should be de- signed or arranged in such a way as to avoid accidental operation. This can be achieved by means of: © Manually-operated switching devices with protective covers, or © control interlocks. in pneumatic systems? How do What are the problems caused by excessive lubricati you check the oil dosage of the lubricator? P151 The following problems may occur as a result of excessive lubrication: Malfunction of components Increased environmental problems Festo Didactic * 1P101263 Solutions * Seizing of components after prolonged downtime Why an air vent is OR Mention the m: Pneumatic system, a) Provided in single acting pneumatic cylinder? (Lecture) on 'alfunctions caused by blocking the air vent of single acting cylinde To prevent the air in piston rod chamber from being entrapped in the forward stroke which would be compressed and create resistive force. ©) Tomake sure piston rod reach the end stroke position, <) To make sure the cylinder speed in both forward and backward stroke will nt be Teduced due to air entrapment. To make sure there is no energy loss. To make sure the force is not reduced. Draw a one-way directional flow control valve, mention its function and vo describe its operation. P204 ! Check valves can stop the flow completely in one direction. In the oppo- site direction the flow is free with a minimal Pressure drop due to the resistance of the valve, Blocking of the one direction can be effected by cones, balls, plates or diaphragms, d) e) Why cushioning is used in Pneumatic cylinders? P49 * To reduce loads on the end caps and mount * To increase the life of the piston, * To make the operation smooth, tings during deceleration of the piston. Give three practical applications of using pneumatic system operating under vacuum. (Model Answer) - Vacuum cleaner, ~ _ Suction of water from the patient mouse during dental treatment, - Clamping and material handling of components. - Packing. Name the pneumatic component having the symbol shown in fig-1 and mention its function. P136 The component is Air dryer. And the basic function of the air dryer is to Temove moisture from the air by cooling it with a refrigerant. Thus, the water vapor is condensed, and the air can be compressed. The result is dry compressed air, which can be used in compressed air equipment without causing any damage. Festo Didactic * TP101264 Solutions Dr ee Symbol of a pressure sequence valve and mention its ion in pneumatic control system. P31 T : he pressure sequence valve is used if a pressure-dependent signal is Fequired for the advancing of a control system. Draw a line diverter for three tracks and name the suitable element for controlling its cylinder, The name of the Suitable element for Controlling its Cylinder: 5/3-way directional Control Value with double Pilot and manual operation return (Mid Position Closed) ‘What characteristics of pneumatic components are \ presented in the components symbol? P40 ‘The symbols used for the individual elements must display the following characteristics: = Actuation and return actuation methods Number of connections (all labelled for identification) Number of switching positions General operating principle - Simplified representation of the flow path ‘compressor produces air at 9 bar gauge pressure, what ists compression ratio? nim Penuge where Paim = P= 1 bar (fact) =1+9=10bar Compression ratio = P1/P2 = V2/V1 = 10/1= 10 What is the effect of rising the hydraulic fluid temperature? and how to avoid it? Operating temperature should not exceed SO - 60 °C. Where there isa high temperature, the viscosity ofthe oil falls by an unacceptable amount, leading to premature ageing, It also shortens the service life of seals. If the cooling system of the installation is not powerful enough, the cooler is generally switched on by thermostat keeping the temperature within specified limits. The following cooling devices are available: « Air cooler: difference in temperature of up to 25 °C possible; * Water cooler: difference in temperature of up to 35 °C possible; * Oil cooling by means of air fan cooler: when large quantities of heat must be dissipated. Coolers are almost always necessary for mobile hydraulics since the reservoirs are too small to ensure adequate removal of the heat emitted from the system. Mention the differences between hydraulic gear motor and hydraulic gear pump Festo Didactic * TP101265 Solutions ors). They convert hydraulic energy into ents (rotary actuator). drive components (actuate drive unit into hydraulic ry movern mechanical energy ina Hydraulic motors are mechanical energy and generate rota! But, the hydraulic pump, converts the energy (pressure eneré ). . f Hydraulic motors have the same characteristic valves © pumps. However, in the case ° hydraulic values we speak of capacity rather than displacement volume. Hydraulic pumps and motors are represented by means ‘ofa circle which shows where the drive or output shafts located. Triangles within the circle give information about the direction of flow. These triangles are filled in, since hydraulic fluids are used for hydraulics. Ia gaseous pressure medium were being used, as is the casein pneumatics the triangles would not be filled in. The symbols for hydraulic motors and hydraulic pumps can only be distinguished from one another by the fact that the arrows indicating the direction of low are drawn pointing one way for the pumps and the other for the motors. ydrutc pumps wth find displacement apecten ds =@) ee =@) ydaulc tore with ced displacement “etre sete Gr A Fwids A. Gases Festo Didactic * 1P101266 Solutions ina Pneumatic co, delay valyer tl System, what is ‘the function of the flow control valve in the time The control air thethoting as through a one-way flow Control valve and depending on the setting of resent vee, 9 Breater or lesser amount of air flows per unit of time into the air exhaust a = teal valve isto switch to its initial Position, the pilot line 12 must be . it flows from the air reservoir to at one-way flow cont main sphere through the bypass of the rol valve and then to the exhaust line. a isitimportantto use filters inhydraulic system? And draw possible locations of the rr. Filters are of great significance in hydraulic systems forthe reliable functioning and long service life of the componente Contamination ofthe hydraulic fuidis caused by: * Initial contamination during commission welding beads, scale, paint, dirt, (supplied condition). * Dirt contamination during operation Owing to wear, ingress via seals and tank ventilation, fling up or changing the hydraulic fuid, exchanging components, replacing hoses, ling by metal chips, foundry sand, dust, Sealing materials, contaminated hydraulic fluid ba 1% Paar 7.) afi frp ne ‘Prope fo le pnt ree Pee 7384) Fan fl ein Festo Didactic * 1P101267 Solutions Question df: decible 4C4ing-optrata by ~8 of for operator ‘td Advance strate. saris, afer second rept} ba of te advancing stroke one % Provided ia He HIMIA stroke yo oh The cy Inder reaches 115 fully eynned pH ites The pussore ints wachs The regpirth P vEssle Ction is at fal) speek. 182 : wot \268 Solutions : z Ns pean. metering it 9h eae QA when pushetuen ispussth TH Hier cf tens and HP a voller lever valve whit THe teller aadyences Slowly PAK Vales The bat ne TH fly ened oso HS Th CHiN der iS portrait Par § 5 allowitGl TH Ink ted Tha vetka cis Jo He inna] psivon very fad? Ave art Cycle isenly possibeaRer The cybtler MS fall uetractele Comm > PB Os Ww) Ww Festo Didactic + TP101269 ee Solutions 70 of Pat Pelo| Josten -cuard - ahwence afer '25 Single aCheg - baum Sirk corink speed Festo Didactic * TP101270 ue Solutions Qa. wae ua FATS anh viver ave, pinion ingle | Mmevt by) hand en comple von ete proess Oprecess carts by Jang and Champs eH geht Peily exrnded : | NCES anh Camp Th wor Ke pl ele i 9 by T heopereey | 2 A advenes 0 i fer aber pessiag jwo y rmil¥entous| 1 cyhndey Bl afer reaching TH HHO) enact Anew cyte igen possible afier As fll! hes : CHlinker bvetracts After cy baker B a The cabvance aPgeth A,B is sho cashag, % Pui 1 Por both snale sere caeke (i Soluy 15 ja4 fam 0 Anplacentn SHA, (a Festo Didactic © TP101271 Sofi Solutions 4 va pow ca VE uptime MAY yalvel? cy. What ig de Pnaier oF" tt gittn? vad aus phe vine delay cn be crased Or ecrnie ee the fru grvough dhe nen -rtum Deperhing on THe SeeHD oP the het! Qt Apress awerkprte, Ww - a? ‘i howd be Cabrith gut sualy , presse fe — Radvane to drill able awake ap ; ankthe Avil\ swihghs off -Ansrates arity 20% a5) ; yy wy aN — Festo Didactic « TP101272 ‘Solutions Retion § > on San Pp Caled A> Path ond ~Taat siyal Th bitin, Ofnded © ‘ston? 2 Cyiede? C-renject > Swi ; uaa Pate An ate Zin (ak er) otterd, — pregine Sequence valve y.c 381 352 oR (sh e \ yh SN Me = tS \ \ = \ re) sn =z 2 = chy sa py Pisa by, ve ME a) abl ca {eve $3e7) “8 3 as wel fT if TT Fe & \ fo >273 Solutions : 2- [60%] For the component shown in figure: == -___~ 2 8~ Mention the nam and function of this component. Av= Mention the name of its parts. 2 Mention what cylinder it activates, explaining your answer. d- Mention whether it influences the advance or the retum. stroke of the cylinder, explaining your answer, & Describe how does it work. a 0 OC ie elas Valve. Punctien . rctude sigul ot fie UA) ofses sPakig Time Cela, tim Kayes tapak siqng — (LL ct prt (ZY. Le : Pores: XY one way Flaw central vesve 2) Yesevay 9) 9/2 wey iectomf valve. Ce f£ actiwde Colinbey \Zo wecase THe tuwdnag, Tae valve is be. advent “ne Cplinley, becuse i+ number OF valve = 2.G)——-» even number - DC Perdinss on Tee Storing 6 Tae throtilies Sew, anefey oF Nesher amount a Av Flows Pee Wit of Tine ints + Wn TRE necears contol Pressure res duit UP, The valve switdats Te taiugh ew RNG Eee mae ler 5 THe Coaterl Signed is apelicd . The AM Yesevee