Advanced Antenna Design and Analysis(ECEG-6241) Course

Outline
Instructor: Degefe S.
▶ Fundamental on Antennas, its parameters
▶ Types of Antennas
▶ Antenna arrays and design considerations
▶ Smart Antennas
▶ Metamaterials in Antennas
Review of electromagnetic elds
* Electrostatic elds E(x,y,z) are produced by static electric
charges, whereas magnetostatic elds H(x,y,z) are due to
motion of electric charges with uniform velocity (direct
current) or static magnetic charges (magnetic poles):
* stationary charges → electrostatic elds
* steady currents → magnetostatic elds
* time-varying currents → electromagnetic elds (waves)
a, Important Maxwell Equations:
b, Basic Antenna Parameters
c, Types of Antennas and Resonance Features, Wave
Propagations, Reciprocity Applications,
d, Impedance Matching,
e, Dielectric Material, Insulators and Conductor's Radiation
Properties
Maxwell Equations

To determine the radiation elds following steps are important:

(i) select coordinate system and determine magnetic vector
potential A
(ii) Find H from delta ∇XA = µH
Cont'd. . .

Figure: Transmitted E vector in the far-eld region

In the far-eld zone of the EM eld radiated by the antenna, the

electric vector E is a function of the radiation direction (dened by
the azimuth angle φ and elevation angle θ
title

Figure: An antenna as a matching device b/n Tx. line & air

some of para. include (a) antenna patterns, (b) radiation intensity,

(c) directive gain, (d) power gain.
▶ Antenna pattern(radiation pattern) is radiation properties of
the antenna as a function of space coordinates.
Cont'd. . .

▶ directive gain is a measure of the concentration of the radiated

power in a particular direction (θ,ϕ)
▶ Radiation properties include power ux density, radiation
intensity, eld strength, directivity, phase or polarization
▶ A trace of the received electric (magnetic) eld at a constant
radius is called the amplitude eld pattern.
▶ A graph of the spatial variation of the power density along a
constant radius is called an amplitude power pattern
▶ eld & power pattern are usually normalized and expressed in
dB
Dipole

Figure: detachment of electric eld lines for short dipole

plane

Figure: Radiation from an ideal dipole, (a) Field components. (b) E-plane
radiation pattern polar plot of |Eθ | or |Hϕ |. (c) H-plane radiation pattern
polar plot of |Eθ | or |Hϕ |. (d) 3D plot of radiation pattern.
Antenna types

1. Wire Antennas
2. Aperture Antennas
3. Microstrip Antennas
4. Array Antennas
5. Reector Antennas
6. Lens Antennas
Please Refer to Balannis 4th Edition
Chapter 6 in detail
Exercise: For N-element Linear Array with Uniform Amplitude and
Spacing
How to determine first maximum, HPBW, (AF)normalized,details
on Broadside and End fire arrays

1. Find the beamwidth and directivity of a 10-element uniform

scanning array of isotropic sources placed along the z-axis. The
spacing between the elements is λ∕4 and the maximum
is directed at 45◦ from its axis