Typhoid

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1 2 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Enterocheck… 2 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Enterocheck WB, PanBio, SD Bioline, Mega Salmonella, Multi‐Test Dip‐S‐Tick. 2 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Enterocheck WB, PanBio, SD Bioline, Mega Salmonella, Multi‐Test Dip‐S‐Tick. 3 Risk of bias and
applicability concerns… 3 Risk of bias and applicability concerns graph: review authors' judgements about each domain presented… 3 Risk of bias and applicability concerns graph: review authors' judgements about each domain presented as percentages across included studies. 4 Risk of bias and applicability concerns… 4 Risk of bias and
applicability concerns summary: review authors' judgements about each domain for… 4 Risk of bias and applicability concerns summary: review authors' judgements about each domain for each included study.

5 Summary ROC Typhidot all test types. 5 Summary ROC Typhidot all test types. 5 Summary ROC Typhidot all test types. 6 Forest plots for Typhidot all test… 6 Forest plots for Typhidot all test types. 6 Forest plots for Typhidot all test types. 7 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot of… 7 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot of
tests: Typhidot and Typhidot‐M by reference test. Abbreviations:… 7 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot of tests: Typhidot and Typhidot‐M by reference test. Abbreviations: BC: blood culture; BM: bone marrow; BC & PCR: blood culture and polymerase chain reaction. 8 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot of… 8 Summary
receiver operating characteristic plot of test: TUBEX. Reference test: Blood culture.
One result… 8 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot of test: TUBEX. Reference test: Blood culture. One result per study. 9 Forest plot of TUBEX. Reference test… 9 Forest plot of TUBEX. Reference test blood culture. 9 Forest plot of TUBEX. Reference test blood culture. 10 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: TUBEX… 10
Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: TUBEX by case control design.

Abbreviation: BC: blood culture. 10 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: TUBEX by case control design. Abbreviation: BC: blood culture.

11 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: TUBEX… 11 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: TUBEX by reference test Abbreviations: BC: blood culture; BC… 11 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: TUBEX by reference test Abbreviations: BC: blood culture; BC & PCR: blood culture and polymerase chain reaction. 12
Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT… 12 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT all test types. Threshold > 1+. 12 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT all test types.
Threshold > 1+. 13 Forest plot of tests: KIT Threshold… 13 Forest plot of tests: KIT Threshold > 1+ by test type. Reference test: blood culture.

13 Forest plot of tests: KIT Threshold > 1+ by test type. Reference test: blood culture. 14 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT… 14 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT test by threshold > 1+ and > 2+. 14 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT test by threshold > 1+ and > 2+. 15 Summary receiver
operating characteristic plot: KIT… 15 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT ICT by reference test. Abbreviations: BC: blood culture;… 15 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT ICT by reference test. Abbreviations: BC: blood culture; BC & PCR: blood culture and polymerase chain reaction.
16 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT… 16 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT by case control (All test types. Threshold >1+). 16 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: KIT by case control (All test types. Threshold >1+). 17 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Typhidot… 17 Summary receiver
operating characteristic plot: Typhidot versus TUBEX. Paired studies only. One result per… 17 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Typhidot versus TUBEX. Paired studies only. One result per index test per study. 18 Summary receiver operating characteristic: TUBEX versus… 18 Summary receiver operating characteristic: TUBEX versus
KIT. Paired results. One result per index per… 18 Summary receiver operating characteristic: TUBEX versus KIT. Paired results. One result per index per study. 19 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Typhidot… 19 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Typhidot versus TUBEX tests. One result per index test… 19 Summary
receiver operating characteristic plot: Typhidot versus TUBEX tests. One result per index test per study. 20 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: TUBEX… 20 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: TUBEX versus Test‐it Typhoid (KIT) tests. One result per… 20 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: TUBEX versus Test‐it
Typhoid (KIT) tests. One result per index test per study. 21 Summary receiver operating characteristic: Typhidot versus… 21 Summary receiver operating characteristic: Typhidot versus KIT. No paired studies. One result per index… 21 Summary receiver operating characteristic: Typhidot versus KIT. No paired studies. One result per index per study.
22 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Typhidot… 22 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Typhidot tests by case control design. 22 Summary receiver operating characteristic plot: Typhidot tests by case control design. 1. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as… 1. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. 1 result per study. 1.
Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. 1 result per study. 2. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as… 2. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. Reference: BC. 2. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. Reference: BC. 3. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as… 3. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. Reference: BC and BM.

3. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. Reference: BC and BM.

4. Test Typhidot.
Antibody: IgM or as… 4. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. Reference: BC and PCR. 4.
Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. Reference: BC and PCR. 5. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as… 5. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. Indeterminates reported. 5. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as reported. Indeterminates reported. 6. Test Typhidot. Antibody: IgM or as… 6. Test Typhidot.
Antibody: IgM or as reported. Indeterminates not reported.
6. Test Typhidot.
Antibody: IgM or as reported.
Indeterminates not reported. 7. Test Typhidot‐M. Antibody: IgM. 7. Test Typhidot‐M. Antibody: IgM. 7. Test Typhidot‐M. Antibody: IgM. 8. Test Typhi rapid Tr‐02. Reference: BC.… 8. Test Typhi rapid Tr‐02. Reference: BC. Antibody: IgM.
8. Test Typhi rapid Tr‐02.
Reference: BC. Antibody: IgM.
9. Test Typhi rapid Tr‐02. Reference: BC… 9. Test Typhi rapid Tr‐02. Reference: BC & PCR. Antibody: IgM.
9. Test Typhi rapid Tr‐02. Reference: BC & PCR. Antibody: IgM. 10.
Test Typhidot all tests 1 result… 10. Test Typhidot all tests 1 result per study. 10. Test Typhidot all tests 1 result per study. 11. Test 11. Test 11. Test 12. Test TUBEX. Reference: BC & PCR. 12.
Test TUBEX. Reference: BC & PCR. 12. Test TUBEX. Reference: BC & PCR. 13.
Test TUBEX 1 result per study.
13. Test TUBEX 1 result per study. 13. Test TUBEX 1 result per study. 14. Test KIT ICT. Reference:BC. Threshold > 1+. 14. Test KIT ICT. Reference:BC. Threshold > 1+. 14. Test KIT ICT. Reference:BC. Threshold > 1+. 15. Test KIT ICT. Reference: BC &… 15. Test KIT ICT. Reference: BC & PCR.
Threshold > 1+. 15. Test KIT ICT. Reference: BC & PCR. Threshold > 1+. 16.
Test KIT latex agglutination. Threshold > 1+.
16. Test KIT latex agglutination. Threshold > 1+.
16. Test KIT latex agglutination.
Threshold > 1+. 17. Test KIT Dipstick. Threshold > 1+. 17. Test KIT Dipstick. Threshold > 1+. 17.
Test KIT Dipstick. Threshold > 1+. 18. Test 18. Test 18. Test 19. Test KIT all tests. Threshold > 1+.… 19. Test KIT all tests.
Threshold > 1+. One result per study.. 19. Test KIT all tests. Threshold > 1+. One result per study.. 20. Test KIT all tests. Threshold > 2+… 20. Test KIT all tests. Threshold > 2+ studies only.
20. Test KIT all tests. Threshold > 2+ studies only. 21. Test 22. Test 23. Test SD Bioline. Antibody: IgG. 23. Test SD Bioline. Antibody: IgG. 23.
Test SD Bioline. Antibody: IgG. 24. Test SD Bioline.
Antibody: IgM. 24.
Test SD Bioline. Antibody: IgM. 24.
Test SD Bioline.
Antibody: IgM. 25.
Test SD Bioline Antibody: IgM and… 25. Test SD Bioline Antibody: IgM and IgG. 25. Test SD Bioline Antibody: IgM and IgG. 26. Test Mega Salmonella.
Antibody: IgG. 26. Test Mega Salmonella. Antibody: IgG. 26. Test Mega Salmonella.
Antibody: IgG. 27. Test Mega Salmonella. Antibody: IgM. 27. Test Mega Salmonella. Antibody: IgM. 27. Test Mega Salmonella. Antibody: IgM. 28. Test 28. Test 28. Test 29. Test 30. Test Onsite Typhoid Combo CTK Biotech. 30.
Test Onsite Typhoid Combo CTK Biotech. 30. Test Onsite Typhoid Combo CTK Biotech. You should see a GP if you think you have typhoid fever, particularly if you've returned from travelling abroad in the past month or so.The GP will want to know if you've travelled to areas where the infection is present, or if you've been in close contact with
someone who's travelled to these areas.Typhoid fever is most common in the Indian subcontinent, Africa, southeast Asia and South America. A diagnosis of typhoid fever can usually be confirmed by analysing samples of blood, poo, or pee.These will be examined under a microscope for the Salmonella typhi bacteria that cause the condition.The
bacteria aren't always detected the first time, so you may need to have a series of tests.Testing a sample of bone marrow is a more accurate way of diagnosing typhoid fever.But getting the sample is both time-consuming and painful, so it's usually only used if other tests are inconclusive.If typhoid fever is confirmed, other members of your household
may also need to be tested in case you have passed the infection on to them.
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[PubMed] [Google Scholar]Page 2 Assay schedule and associated blood volumes for laboratory diagnostic tests performed during the study. A) Assays performed in all participants, and B), assays performed in participants reaching clinical or microbiological TD endpoint. Challenge: oral ingestion of 103 or 104 CFU S. Typhi Quailes strain suspended in
30 mL/0.53 g NaHCO3(aq).
Antimicrobials: first-line, ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 14 days.A) All participantsDay0001123456789101112131428Hour0612012––––––––––––––ProcedureChallengeAntimicrobials startedAntimicrobials completedBlood culture–1010101010101010101010101010101010–Culture-PCR–55555555555555555B) Additional time points in typhoid-
diagnosed participantsTimepoint + hoursTD + 0TD + 6TD + 12TD + 24TD + 36TD + 48TD + 72TD + 96ProcedureAntimicrobials startedBlood culture510101010101010Culture-PCR55555555