Assignment no 1
Submitted to Dr Akhter
Submitted by Haseeb irfan
Reg no 2019-uam-075
Disease
A plant disease is an abnormality in the structure and/or function of the host plant cells and/or
tissue as a result of a continuous irritation caused by a pathogenic agent or an environmental
factor. A disease is not static; it is a series of changes in the plant.
Bacterial wilt
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum This bacterium survives in the soil for
extended Disease development is favored by high temperatures and high humidity.
Symptoms
This results in rapid-fire wilt of the factory while the leaves staygreen.However, it'll look
brown and bitsy drops of unheroic slush may be visiblePrevention
Treatment Control of bacterial wilt
Treatment Control of bacterial wilt of shops grown in infested soil is delicate. Gyration
withnon-susceptible shops, similar as sludge, sap, and cabbage, for at least three times
provides some controlConsider growing all susceptible solanaceous shops
.Early Blight
This is caused by the fungi Alternaria linariae . Spots enlarge and concentric rings in a
bull’s- eye pattern may be seen in the center of the diseased area
Symptoms
The spots may turnyellow.However, much of the leafage is killed, If high temperature and
moisture do at this time. Lesions on the stems are analogous to those on leaves The fungus
survives on infected debris in the soil,
Prevention & Treatment
Use resistant or tolerant tomato cultivars. Use pathogen-free seed and don't set diseased
shops in the field. Use crop gyration, annihilate weeds and levy tomato shops, space shops
to not touch, mulch shops
Late blight
.This is caused by the fungi Alternaria linariae (formally known asA. Solani
Symptoms
. Spots enlarge and concentric rings in a bull’s- eye pattern may be seen in the center of the
diseased area. spots may turnyellow. much of the leafage is killed, If high temperature and
moisture do at this time The fungus survives on infected debris in the soil, on seed, on levy
tomato shops, and other solanaceous hosts, similar as Irish potato, eggplant, and black
nightshade (a common, affiliated weed).
Prevention & Treatment
Use resistant or tolerant tomato cultivars. Use pathogen-free seed
Bacterial Spot
This is caused by several species of the bacterium Xanthomonas (but primarily by
Xanthomonas perforans), which infect green but not red tomatoes. Peppers are also infected.
Symptoms
The symptoms correspond of multitudinous small, angular to irregular, water- soaked spots
on the leaves and slightly raised to cruddy spots on the fruits. The splint spots may have a
unheroic halo.
Prevention & Treatment
Only use pukka complaint-free seeds and shops. Avoid areas that were planted with peppers
or tomatoes during the former time.
Fusarium Wilt
This is a warm- rainfall complaint caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. T
Symptoms
Frequently leaves on only one side of the stem turn golden yellow at first. The stem of
wilted shops shows no soft decay, but when cut lengthwise, the lower stem will have a dark
brown abrasion of the water- conducting vessels. The fungus is soil- borne and passes
overhead from the roots into the water- conducting system of the stem
Prevention & Treatment
For control, grow shops in pathogen-free soil, use complaint-free transplants, and grow
only cultivars with at least resistance to races 1 and 2 of Fusarium wilt
.Southern Blight
The fungus Athelia rolfsii ( preliminarily called Sclerotium rolfsii) causes this disease
Symptoms
Droping of leaves dry spoilage and Brown sclecia
Prevention & Treatment
Crop gyration withnon-susceptible lawn crops and junking of factory debris incontinently
after crop will help to control the complaint. Don't plant tomatoes after sap, pepper, or
eggplant. Calcium nitrate may be applied at broadcasting.
Tomato yellow leaf curl
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is not seed-borne but is transmitted by whiteflies
Symptoms
Symptoms in tomato plants are the upward curling of leaves, yellow (chlorotic) leaf margins,
smaller leaves than normal, plant stunting, and flower drop
Prevention & Treatment:
Removal of plants with initial symptoms may slow the spread of the disease. Rogued (pulled
out) infected plants should be immediately bagged to prevent the spread of the whiteflies feeding
on those plants
Root knot nematod
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are microscopic worms that live in the soil and in
plant roots
Symptoms
Affected plants are usually stunted, discolored, and may die. Knots or galls may appear
Prevention & Treatment:
When nematodes are not yet present, move the tomato crop to a different area within the garden
every year, purchase disease-free plants, pull up and dispose of roots immediately evelop on the
roots.
Blossom End Rot:
Blossom end rot is a physiological disorder of tomato.
Symptoms
Symptoms are water-soaked spots on the blossom end of the fruit. These spots enlarge and
become black. Secondary infection by decay-causing organisms usually follows.
Prevention & Treatment:
Late spring planting of tomatoes should be at the recommended date for your area
