Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRESENTED BY –
SHILPA C
BAITAEO71
III B.Sc II Sem B Section
TOMATO
DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM
EARLY BLIGHT Alternaria solani
LATE BLIGHT Phytophthora infestens
WILT Fusarium oxysporium
f.sp.lycopersici
Verticillium wilt
BUCK EYE /FRUIT Phytopthora nicotianae var.
ROT parasitica
SEPTORIA LEAF Septoria lycopersici
SPOT
POWDERY MILDEW Levillula taurica
DISEASE CYCLE :
PSI : Mycelium or conidia in infected plant debris.
SSI : Conidia by wind, water or rain splash .
Mode of spread:
Seed borne and air borne conidia
spore
Light brown conidia with muriform
shape, but the isolates varied in the size
(length, width and beak length) of the
conidia, the number of cells per
conidium and sporulation times.
Among the nitrogen sources, potassium
nitrate followed by sodium nitrate and
ammonium molybdate increased the
growth of mycelium.
Low pH (4-4.5) was found as ideal for
the growth of A. alternata, while the
minimum growth was observed in pH
9.0, irrespective of isolates
The conidia of A. alternata isolates
germinated at 46°C.
DISEASE CYCLE
MANAGAMENT
CULTURAL CONTROL
Use pathogen-free seed, or collect seed only from
disease-free plants.
Remove infected debris from field to reduce inoculum
for the next year.
Water plants in the morning so plants are wet for the
shortest amount of time.
Apply plastic or organic mulch to reduce humidity and
provide a barrier between contaminated soil and leaves.
Use a drip irrigation than over head system to minimize
leaf wetness which provides optimal conditions for
fungal growth.
Rotate to a non-Solanaceous crop for at least three
years.
If possible control wild population of Solanaceae. This
IIHR 2101 (Solanum habrochaires LA-1777) showed highly
resistant reaction, IIHR- 2758 showed moderately resistant
reaction
Fertilize properly to maintain vigorous plant growth.
Particularly, do not over-fertilize with potassium and maintain
adequate levels of both nitrogen and phosphorus.
For greenhouse production, early blight has been reduced by
as much as 50% by covering houses with UV-absorbing vinyl
film.
Increase air circulation in rows. Damp conditions allow for
optimal growth of A. Solani and the disease spreads more
rapidly. This can be achieved by planting farther apart or by
trimming leaves.
CHEMICAL CONTROL
Some of the fungicides are chlorothalonil, copper
product,mancozeb, potassium bicarbonate, and ziram.
Bacillus subtilis
DISEASE CYCLE :
PSI : Oospores in the infected debris and soil.
SSI : Sporangia or zoospores dispersed by wind
or
rainwater
Mode of spread:
Soil borne-spread through sporangia or zoospores
dispersed by
wind or rainwater.
MANGEMENT :
CULTURAL METHOD
Destroy potato piles before the growing season
begins,
Control volunteer potato plants, as infected plants
can grow from infected tubers.
Seed infection is unlikely on commercially prepared
tomato seed or on saved seed that has been
thoroughly dried.
If infection is found in only a few plants within a field,
infected plants should be removed, disced-under,
killed with herbicide to avoid spreading through the
entire field
Movement of water from infected to healthy field
should be avoided.
Crop rotation with cereals
CHEMICAL CONTROL