You are about to explore the

unknown world of EM
spectrum . . .
 The Electro Magnetic
Field

Magnetic
Electric
Field

Theory
SCIENCE 10 - GROUP 2
 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

or EM waves are waves that are created as a

result of vibrations between an electric field
and a magnetic field. In other words, EM waves
are composed of oscillating magnetic and
electric fields.
 Electromagnetic waves are formed when an
electric field comes in contact with a magnetic
field. They are hence known as
‘electromagnetic’ waves. The electric field and
magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are
perpendicular (at right angles) to each other.
They are also perpendicular to the direction of
the EM wave.
 Electromagnetic wave theory was given by
Clark Maxwell. The main points of
electromagnetic wave theory were : When an
electrically charged particle moves under
acceleration, alternating electrical and
magnetic fields are produced and transmitted.
These fields are transmitted in the form of
waves.
SCIENTISTS WHO CONTRIBUTED IN THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY
Hans Christian "Oersted"

Born in August 14, 1777 and died in March 9,

1851

He discovered that a magnetic needle aligns

itself perpendicularly to a current-carrying
wire, definite experimental evidence of the
relationship between electricity and
magnetism.
André-Marie "Ampère"
Born January 20, 1775, Lyon, France—
died June 10, 1836, Marseille

French physicist who founded and

named the science of
electrodynamics, now known as
electromagnetism.
André-Marie "Ampère"

The first to demonstrate that a

magnetic field is generated when two
parallel wires are charged with
electricity. He is generally credited as
one of the first to discover.
André-Marie "Ampère"

His name endures in everyday life in

the ampere, the unit for measuring
electric current.

He invented the astatic needle, a

critical component of the modern
astatis galvanometer
Astatic Needle- 1820
Michael "Faraday"
Born on September 22, 1791 in Newington
Butts, England and died on August 25, 1867 at
age 75 in Hampton Court, Middlesex, England.

an English scientist who contributed to the

study of electromagnetism and
electrochemistry. His major discoveries
include the principles underlying
electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism
and electrolysis.
Michael "Faraday"
He also discovered the principles of
electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism,
and the laws of electrolysis.

His inventions of the electromagnetic

rotary device became the foundation of
electric motor technology, and it was
largely due to his efforts that electricity
became practical for use in technology.
Michael "Faraday"
As a chemist, Faraday discovered benzene,
investigated the clathrate hydrate of
chlorine, invented an early form of the
Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation
numbers, and popularized terminology such
as "anode", "cathode ", "electrode" and
"ion".
Faraday eventually became the first and
foremost Fullerian Professor of Chemistry
at the Royal Institution, a position for life.
 Michael "Faraday"

Faraday's Law of Induction - 1831 Faraday Cages - 1836

Joseph Henry
Born in December 17, 1797 and died in May
13, 1878
He conducted his own experiments about
electromagnetic induction using
electromagnets.
Henry discovered the electromagnetic
phenomenon of self-inductance.
He also discovered mutual inductance
independently of Michael Faraday, though
Faraday was the first to make the discovery
and publish his results.
Joseph Henry

Electric Doorbell
James Clerk "Maxwell"
Born in February 22, 1857 and died in
January 1, 1894

He demonstrated the magnetic effect based on

the direction of current.He stated that light is
a propagating wave of electric and magnetic
field. The theory describes the interaction
between the electric field and magnetic field.
Direction of both the fields is perpendicular to
each other. Maxwell also concluded that the
wave travels at the speed of light.
James Clerk "Maxwell"

Color photography
Heinrich Rudolf "Hertz"
Born in February 22, 1857 and died in
January 1, 1894

He demonstrated that the electromagnetic

waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell
actually exist.

Experimental evidence of electromagnetic

waves and their link to light.
 Heinrich Rudolf "Hertz"

Radar - 1886 Wireless Telegraphy - 1890

Heinrich Rudolf "Hertz"

Dipole Antenna - 1887

"Wilhelm" Carl Werner
Otto Fritz Franz "Wien"
Born in January 13, 1864 and died in August
30, 1928

‌ sed theories about heat and

U
electromagnetism to deduce Wien's
displacement law.
‌ e also formulated an expression for the
H
black-body radiation, which is correct in the
photon-gas limit.
"Wilhelm" Carl Werner
Otto Fritz Franz "Wien"

Blackbody
Johann Carl Friedrich
"Gauss"
Born in April 1777 and died in February 23,
1855

Gauss's Law - a net amount of charge

contained within a region of space will
generate an electric field that emanates
through the surface that surrounds that
region.
Johann Carl Friedrich "Gauss"

Magnetometer
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