GEO

100

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
AND THE PROCESS
OF FORMATION OF
G
MINERALS
E
O
O
R
L
C
O
I
G
V
Y
I
F
L
E N G I N E E
R S

Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-

A)
GEO

PROPERTIES OF
100

MINERALS
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES

LUSTER MAGNETISM SILICATE

COLOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY CARBONATE
STREAK FORM SULFATE
HARDNESS TENACITY HALIDE
HABIT FLOURESENCE OXIDE
CLEAVAGE SULFIDE
FRACTURE PHOSPHATE
FEEL

Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-

A)
GEO
100

MINERAL

CHEMICAL
S

PROPERTIES
Chemical properties of minerals
show the presence and
arangement of atoms in minerals.
Using their
chemical properties, minerals are
identified to how they react to
certain substances.

Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-

A)
CHEMICAL PROPE
RTIES

SILICATE CLASS
the largest, the most interesting, and the
most complicated class of minerals.
some geologists estimate that 90% of the
Earth's crust is made up of silicates.
it is composed of silicon and oxygen.
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
A)
CHEMICAL PROPE
RTIES

CARBONATE CLASS
these minerals are commonly formed
in sedimentary and oxidizing
environments.
the carbonates fall into three groups: the
calcite group, the dolomite group, and the
group
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
.aragonite A)
CHEMICAL PROPE
RTIES

SULFATE CLASS
contain an anion sulfates which commonly
form in avaporapic settings where highly
saline waters slowly evaporate.
an important mineral class and include some
very interesting and attractive
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
specimens. A)
CHEMICAL PROPE
RTIES

HALIDE CLASS
a group of minerals forming the natural salts
and include fluorite, halite, sylvite and sal
ammoniac. minerals whose principle anions
are halogens, Halogens are a special group of
elements that usually have a charge of
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
negative one when chemically combined. A)
CHEMICAL PROPE
RTIES

OXIDE CLASS
mineral from mining that form many ores
from which valuable metals can be
extracted.
it includes minerals that are quite hard
(corundum) and some that are quite soft such
as psilomelane. Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
it also carry the best ecord of changes in A)

the earth's magnetic field.

CHEMICAL PROPE
RTIES

SULFIDE CLASS
represent higher temperatures and a slightly
deeper setting than the sulfate minerals, which
reflect the oxygen-rich environment near the
Earth's surface. occur as primary accessory
minerals in many different igneous rocks and in
deep hydrothermal deposits that are closely Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
A)
related to igneous intrusion.
CHEMICAL PROPE
RTIES

PHOSPHATE CLASS
Phosphate minerals contain the tetrahedrally
coordinated phosphate anion, sometimes
with arsenate and vanadate substitutions,
along with chloride, fluoride, and hydroxide
anions, that also fit into the crystal structure.
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
A)
GEO
100

HOW
MINERALS
ARE FORMED?
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
A)
GEO
100

THE PROC

FORMATION
ESS

OF
MINERALS
Minerals form when rocks are heated enough
that atoms of different elements can move
around and join into different molecules. It
constitutes the the process by which solid
forms, where the atoms or molecules are
highly organized into a structure known as a
crystal.

Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-

A)
GEO
100

THE MAIN WAYS

MINERAL
FORMATION
Crystallization from
evaporation of water
Crystallization from hot
water solutions
Crystallization from
cooling magma and lava

Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-

A)
 GEO
100

THE FORMATI
ON

MINERALS
FROM
EVAPORATION
a solution is when one
substance is dissolved into
another.
when water evaporates it
leaves behind the minerals
dissolved in it.
examples: halite, gypsum,
calcite
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
A)
 GEO
100

THE FORMATI
ON

MINERALS FROM
HOT WATER
SOLUTIONS
magma heats water
elements and compounds
are dissolved in hot water
when magma cools, the
minerals leave the solution
it can form veins
examples: quartz, gold, silver
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
A)
GEO
100

Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-

A)
GEO
100

Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-

A)
 GEO
100

THE FORMATI
ON

MINERALS FROM
HOT WATER
SOLUTIONS
magma heats water
elements and compounds
are dissolved in hot water
when magma cools, the
minerals leave the solution
it can form veins
examples: quartz, gold, silver
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
A)
 GEO
100

THE FORMATI
ON

MINERALS FROM
LAVA AND
MAGMA
when magma and lava
cools, they form crystals.
the rate a which the
magma cools and the gas
it contains
effects the minerals that
form from magma: quartz,
feldspar, mica (large
crystals) Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
A)
from lava: leucite and
GEO
100

Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-

A)
GEO
100

ALL ABOUT M

SUMMARY
INERALS

Properties of minerals are classified into

two namely the physical and chemical.

Minerals are grouped by their chemical

composition. Silicates, oxides, sulfates,
sulfides, carbonates, native elements, and
halides are all major mineral groups.

Minerals form when rocks are heated

enough that atoms of different elements
can move around and join into different
molecules.
Minerals form in a variety of different ways:
frm evaporation, from water solutions, and
from cooling of magma and lava.

Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-

A)
GEO
100

THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!
Fernando, Julhani T. (BSCE2-
A)