BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS

CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character States)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B

Family of Malvaceae

Ten (10) selected species

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11

1. H. tiliaceus 2. H. schizopetalus 3. H. palustris 4. H. mutabilis 5. H. genevii 6. H. moscheutos

7. H. fagilis 8. H. rosa-sinensis 9. Ceiba pentandra 10. Theobroma cacao 11. Durio zibethinus
 BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS
CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character States)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B

CHARACTERS AND CHARACTER TRAITS

Character 1
Habit
Character states:
1. Shrub
2. Tree
1. Shrub (H. schizopetalus, H. palustris, H. mutabilis, H. genevii, H. moscheutos, H. fragilis, H. rosa-sinensis)

2. Tree (H. tiliaceus, Ceiba pentandra, Theobroma cacao, Durio zibethinus)

Character 2
Leaf venation
Character states:
1. Pinnate
2. Palmate

1. Palmate- (H. tiliaceus, H. palustris, H. mutabilis, H. genevii, H. moscheutos)

2. Pinnate - ( H. fragilis, Ceiba pentandra, H. rosa-sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Durio zibethinus, H.

schizopetalus)
 BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS
CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character Traits)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B

Character 3
Leaf shape
Character states:
1. Cordate
2. Lanceolate
3. Ovate

1. Cordate- ( H. tiliaceus, H. mutabilis)

2. Lanceolate- ( H. moscheutos, Theobroma cacao, Ceiba pentandra, Durio zibethinus)

\

3. Ovate- (H. schizopetalus, H. genevii, H. fragilis, H. palustris, H. rosa-sinensis)

 BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS
CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character Traits)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B
Character 4
Flower color
Character states:
1. Yellow - Orange
2. White - Pink
4. Lavender - Red

1. Yellow-Orange ( H. tiliaceus, H. rosa-sinensis, Theobroma cacao)

2. White-Pink (H. palustris, H. genevii, H. fragilis, Ceiba pentandra, Durio zibethinus)

3. Lavender-Red (H. schizopetalus, H. mutabilis, H. moscheutos)

 BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS
CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character Traits)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B

Character 5
Leaf margin
Character states:
1. Serrate
2. Entire
3. Lobed

1. Serrate ( H. schizopetalus, H. palustris, H. genevii, H. fragilis, H. rosa-sinensis)

2. Entire (H. tiliaceus, Ceiba pentandra, Theobroma cacao, Durio zibethinus)

3. Lobed (H. mutabilis, H. moscheutos)

 BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS
CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character Traits)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B

Character 6
Phyllotaxy
-Character states:
1. Opposite
2. Alternate
3. Whorled

1. Opposite ( H. mutabilis)

2. Alternate (H. tiliaceus, H. schizopetalus, H. rosa-sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Durio

zibethinus)

3. Whorled ( H. moscheutos, H. palustris, H. genevii, H. fragilis, Ceiba pentandra )

 BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS
CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character Traits)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B

Character 7
Presence of Epicalyx
Character states:
1. Present
2. Absent

1. Present (H. palustris, H. mutabilis, H. genevii, H. moscheutos, H. fragilis, H. rosa-sinensis)

2. Absent (H. tiliaceus, H. schizopetalus, Ceiba pentandra, Theobroma cacao, Durio zibethinus)
 BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS
CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character Traits)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B
Character 8
Habitat
Character states:
1. Terrestrial
2. Swamp
3. Mountainous
4. Tropical rainforest

1. Terrestrial (H. schizopetalus, H. mutabilis, H. genevii, H. rosa-sinensis, Ceiba pentandra, Durio

zibethinus)

2. Swamp (H. tiliaceus, H. palustris, H. moscheutos)

3. Mountainous (H. fragilis)

4. Tropical rainforest (Theobroma cacao)

 BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS
CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character Traits)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B

Character 9
Petal Arrangement
Character states:
1. Single
2. Semi- double
3. Double

1. Single (H. palustris, H. genevii, H. rosa-sinensis, Ceiba pentandra, Durio zibethinus, H. fragilis)

2. Semi-Double (H. tiliaceus, H. schizopetalus, Theobroma cacao)

3. Double (H. mutabilis, H. moscheutos)

 BIO 121- SYSTEMATICS
CLADOGRAM
(Characters and Character Traits)
GROUP 2
BS Biology 1-B

FAMILY: Malvaceae

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS

Habit:
 Shrub Phyllotaxy:
 Tree  Opposite
 Alternate
Leaf venation:  Whorled
 Pinnate Presence of epicalyx:
 Palmate  Present
 Absent
Leaf shape:
 Cordate Habitat
 Lanceolate  Terrestrial
 Ovate  Swamp 
 Mountainous
Flower Color:  Tropical rainforest
 Yellow – Orange 
 White – Pink  Petal Arrangement:
 Lavender - Red  Single
  Semi-double
  Double
Leaf margin:
 Serrate
 Entire
 Lobed
