unit- 3 Probabsiity and distributions Keno OF probabitity : % : “Seduction a SMEOrY OF probably i$ On Of the More Wetuy | ond intresting branches Of Modern athena, Te iy Pecomming Prominent by its Appitcatvon : vi reds of Warning such as tngurance 1 Sabistics , Protvgteat serences T Physical Sctences and ay eh... Experiment; AN evperiment & any PYpical ACHE OF Procey and it & Observed and the Fesulty Are Noteq, “8 Cromple . 1... | 6 & Tossing a coin. Wo. Young a die» ‘ O NYPeS OF erperiments : They are k be predectable erperiment + 1 There are a Fandom experiment + Predictable experiment : ‘| THe Fesury Of Orperiment can be prediceed j with oo Cerkainity Prot to the Performance of | Vendor experiment + She Suaperi mene tS throwing R O Stone Gpeoa rds OM experiment A rondom experiment ig an SrPerimente eonich Can be repeaked ONY AUMbEr Of timed Linder -the Aame —Conditvonk and the recat ofeAPEREOE Caan : e. Predicted x8 eolah Cerdeataity, 2 Sine TW Ale Pex. coed & tyhq, fee oF a ie Fondom experiment ty TDs “1 cotn, & Drow 2 COA toon a | 3 Rotting ate on ELEAK (Or) Ow = tome , as Of trait called On Cunt tory _ : trome Sample Space . OF O Yondom e@rperiment i, A Ste of ay nl : Possible. outcome of a random experiment by "st, 4 qi Rotting a die of experiment, then tre Sompte Spore $ = Fasano, % NS FANCA O Gampte Spaces de ts denoted 9 Tossing a Coin then S= faut Wees of cuants’, There are 6 types Of Cuan They are VW etimmentary vent * 2 Compound event 2 Cquany Wee event’ Age mructuaty SHEUAVE Cuan + G exhoustive events G+ Eyyourable CHAE" eimantary event's An eramentary euenk ws O ABLE into furan © Srrany events + Scanned with CamScanner A event wohich Cannot beWey Hy Wy der dey, Wey Compound @uent : A Compound eusak m an evenk eowrch TS a Combinakion Sf Several Clementary, evanty * Sq. TH a bay are drawn From a aq Contant ng G green , & black c wohite pals The Cuant of Ayowi ng Cdyawn) & qreen Watt Lor) Q white faite 1S A Compound @rieAk* BEquatty UkMY eoents Events are Said to be Cqurarty Wkety vent y re they have Lame Chance of happenieq, ) Eq sto “tossing O Colt OW posible OUXZOMES Ore Cyuonry Wkely @UeNts + be Sey or Fr] Ore equarty tt He Mutwotty Eyerusive EVEAE | Event are Saad to be MUtuai\y encasiv e Avent VE trow Cor) arora CUEAtS Cannoe be happened ery Qverty* Aronuttaneousty 1A tra Aone trail + Cor) , H Rand & ore murucity Vexcluttve Cusnts Athan, AAG Ed EYE H AK Guasy Q=lecne] hea ANG = S Enhoustive events “The total number of Possible bukzomes th AME yondom aaperiment i$ Caned the erhauttive ant + BY dy TSSING tusn celng of periment «then Scanned with CamScanner“ane ernhauttive events Ore Pate eT TITY 6 Favourable Lent! —_e So Tha Gsent which are -fayourahie tO & partcular quent Of AN experiment iS Called A favourobic quent: &: an Folting a die my gettieg Cuant i$ an odd Aumbers i$ 41.9.6] iS 2 Fayoursbte event prebabittty: he PYobshiity of an event “Eis deficed 8 © ratte Of Numbey of fovoureble evans Of & ae the total Aumber of possible outromes 10% random erpeviment” ¢, of Favourable events, se PLE) = Le) a Troop enkoustive Cuanh Mote + b Suppose ox Soy that occurance of an event ‘el as Success 5 and Non occurance CE! ag faiture The Probe bility ple) of the happening Of he Guent ES noun as the Probability Of Success and the probabiitry PLE) of Ror —heprening of the rent ¢& Knaon as Probability OF foilure + ak + FE peed Hy Khe Suen ES caned cerkain eve “pte 4 on and tf preyeo 1 the event E'S cared : ea Tenposcible C4, . 3 1 pg an event ith PLAS PUN) on PLA) < PLA) 1< PLA Dt PIAD t< 2pm) Ya aE eo ge : Rea = OS : Sa PC BIR) = as cavalle Scanned with CamScanner“ Random Variabtes and Distribution Fuacty'on $s gordo Vartabte rn A yandom VArtable jg a statement Cor) function yariable — Lohich ASsiqn a reat votue +o the outcome of the Tordom experiment: Generaty the random yarda bles Are represented by e1Y, Zee THE vratues, of & YARdom VYortabies are denoted by Small teeters WEE ALY 2... €q. Experiment of tossing Q 2% fair Coink are $= TRH te, nage Ara HTT) TIT THT, TUS tat lee X= No. oF Jetting & heodsy We Numerical vatues of above expressions Gre Si2,2, NON, 1,0 th © Kes aol "Raz means the event of qecting Qa %heads 4YAs UA IA be plxa3)on y 8 4 “. KE2 Means the event of qerernq A 2 heacls le plesry= 8, 8 - K=l Means the event OF qettrng 4 thead (eke hoya eo e K=O Means tha @uehe Of Rok getting any : 3 heod ie P(K=0) oa, “PLEAD =PLEE 8) PEK = A) EP LREL) PCR) Scanned with CamScénner= 14 Q4ray a v g “PRY EY Note The See fee] be an event for any real Nh ‘Nand the Gace Clute Sad as Seeeteg by PURSE) Se means the Sum of Probab re bpondin. OF atl the etemenrary events Corresponding ty co OF KEN Pe. deen): 4. P(xced )epweoyaplretaple= 2) oy ) POXe2) = Lptxsa) ‘* PPO = Pema) apceegvaee - PUK) = Melee) a qe (Plx=0)+P(r=1)] TYPES, ote Random Variables: There are twp types of random Uarvables Mainly. TREY Ore, Discrete random variables. 2 Continoues rarcom Mayiabtes. | I Discrete Ranctom Variable | Te the random VANiable Can take a finate OF distinck Vaiues iA an the vaviantes Number intveval y then Ove Caned diccrete Tandom Varia hies, [The number OF degfectives in @ Sample €lectnic buts 2. the AUMbEY OF ele phone Cans aye received bal Bscctc hone Scanned with CamS@annerA contitouss random Variables: qe A vondem variables con fake #W0Q VAIUES oncinoucsty In on Yatreval ; than the vondom ¢ yondom vartalsles » pxia9les AYE Called — COntUES eq. THe WUIGhes eoaghe and oge of {nduyrdual Students + probe bility digtriburton + total The Probability distribution means +he pured to each possi ble provowtitty S18 is dist’ outcome OF the random e-apertment propaboitity Otstyibution Function (or) Ceapnrmutor v6 * da tx! Can Lec *¥! be a retakion random Wartable 4% sakes Khe values the values MyM HA han he ) 18 defined OS PENI=P (xg) = Xr ply) icy : a MSD ig Coed & Probability distribution function. is Functor FX) Lor) Ext Properties OF Distribution Function: + HK EIS The degtriburton -Aiunction of & random - evan asta. Variable Kand Tf O 4 Al) = BE 3 POX) =pcesuy= 2 36 Foy mors + | she Favourable Cates OF MAKES FE cB J as CFC) 4 Cres CHAD (COE) CHAD A CHTI OHS oS) atey=4 x MS) = 3b . Pls) =pl¥=S)=4_ 36 For max: 6+ The Favourah\e Coges of MaxtG ore | Cad COU) CBr G)4 CELT) ACHE CBD CH). COree) | (4) CEs) 1 CO) : NLE)=N b ALS) = BE i PCO) =pL¥=b) = 36 Scanned with CamScanner“The probanity deri beeton aabte ts © 6 ae 1 au Peres) oe ub s. xb 4 “at. Xow 1 4 TH fad Mean Of the ASAT buhron + 9 WES apo) tet Owe lard ja (EYAL + (0x, MO) + (ort) T POMBE + (a ROR AIACAXOMEG ACY HOW IG 4yy AWS KO-3G0)4 (6X O- OKE ) = O-08AK + O1G66 + OWUIGD + OOPAG +4500 _ WRIA : = U4aDg. Nn ae Ply wy + SH TS quan by o OR) * Cored, aCareg )aleared Jp Com a) — Cvugr3)¥ SACO ACO yaCored ) + (abe) — Cuusagyy <= O96 BAR 4 OWA UA MOF Wey s Gamot > Booty = W@W g9a - dO-001F = LAA05 Scanned with CamScanneryr SoM = aq : = ones TAN Expt) | | t 1 | 7 ind Standard deviation of distribution ‘ = 1 ba505 fT = LMORE: a A Yandom vartable “x! hot the following Proobility Banckton + rekt OL 2 3 4 5 6 4 1 PEE! © BR de ae ae EY aeY FRMEK- I DeEMKNE GK Gi) evatuate p(x 56), Plocger), PLO LN) ‘ f OF PLR 4 Fe PUK ED OS) 2 BE REL then place) ple sodarleer) = 0418 ae ret AE Rea amen pleer) =puteo) 4PLEEDD xotren) Scanned with Camecannercy . eo ease 4, cot ee eed eHen Pixs) = phd) apwaru HP? sf 2 PLE =O) AP LEHI PLEE AD PLES) e0ortte dnd ww * 45 = eos : K=3, ag KEK ARON PC de PLE RODEP LEED AP LEEDIER ) *PLK=4) A wae sot tea 4 Boa J eThe MNimUM value OF FEU because Oty BokOG F ONLY the Warue is erceading MOFe aan O-S- uw) 7 Find tha Probabitth dog tri button Function © the tre Attartouttoy Funuton Can be determine by Forlorn BULB) -= P(X <9) 20 (eaves) EP (Ke1) ep eso FP HEN) 20 AES a to" yi . FUL) EPC REZ) 2 pleco) £0 HEDAPLERDD » Sots d =, 3 y FOS) = PCRES) = pce so APLESD APRS UEP LEE BD q HOt ge ae " 10 EL) = PLES) HPCE HOPE PEKE EPRED) RUE ERT ¥ PCeey) TOrm tt et+e = Do wo Fs) ee ee PLE =u) 4PCKES) FS Ok 4a EP ES Ht tg wWAVOFIOA BOF = S55 tae Tt oes OeSO SOs OR wo =o 5 wo" Fu S) =PCESE) = pleao)EpOEEUEPLRED AP LEEL) PLREN) 4 PURE) HPLEZE )- Scanned with CamScannerOt _——— = oe Bt e@ eR ya ge 8 710 *10 * bo t \O+90 4 AO 4 BoOHT AD Q*8O4 SOA BOAIEL _ gg too oo FLY = pve y) =PCKEO) FPLEEUEPLEED) HPCE L) DLR ru) 4PK=S) tp (kab) 4PUREH) 0 OFH AR +A ER ga ya Ea ONG The Sho tee t oo TH th = lOtdo +Aoto414 a4 AF _ V9 100 too =! “OTe fina The Vastame Mean (U) t 9 M= Epa iz0 © Gro) +(e) teed OES COE C50 - Eeaet) io FE Otol -oysr orb +t 2 40-000 + 012004 O-U900 $0.4 = $ 6600 Mean(u) = 26600" ; OD ty And vartance Ca¥)" oN = z YP) — UY = (wo eo] + Lumet) 4 [tory a\+ (ere »| + Cewsteds J4 (toe Ja (reas (wx x.) +(x] = Caceood” SOT = OF ON + OG UG FUE + O-AMO 4 O'F200 5 $3 4YYo F443 BAEC = te $000 —12- 2466ge A SEMPLE OF HL EMS — 1S Selected at Tandom from A ber Containing tr thems OF cohich ave AttECRTVE: Find the ernpeued AuMmber oF ie MEAHS “mean” deffeckive KEMS © or) A yandom Vartable x hog -the fotlowteg Probabiit-ty dureyenine OU) & GI) Mean Q®) vorvance ae i POD: KF & & ae oe ae Se 4k i Aes x SO eT * he Sum of Probabititres tA a random event y 5 3 Z PCW) =\ N et ‘ KAR EE ARE OR AGE ETE FHI TNE =) { Rest eet . 1 BT OrOR2? : y bao gar: | | | “The. Probability distrtbutyon table Fs | Oe ( | & Pore 2 tL et g2 eo 9% SH wo BW BW TB a QT ay Mean ccuyy MET PLR) \ “oe (HR) Cae ACRE) )ECHE ) +(oray a(x de ya SxFOD3rY + O-oGUS + 0968 FOOSE + OG UBoug 4 OES OZ = S6r2o° He Mean (uy= C6130 © Variance (o™) + ove (ai Yeo) —¥" =e Tot (md )aur dy Jelreg Arr) + Weng, Me 3 * (sen ay yaad )+ (are Ne (S- Gia yy © OF 00382 + O.1aG0+ 0 9903 FORAY Gags F B940 + la-6uga + & 9S8I ~ Ble moog Pua = 39. Suq- We wee = BEuqy P Variance) = 2 guar. 1 Above pro biem Teal burbs <1 Novof defected bulbs = © S© Noo good buts Hla Sa 5 } Pr Ne ANON OF Ana ce bulbs there are Certain Postbili tyes, OS follows + 4 No deefected Good buths 1 detected % Yod huths 4 2 defected 2 good bulbs 3 deferred | Jood buth- ue a a : Buy, deteded See »achned with CamScannerI mi defeutd UY good bulbs 7 no ‘ ieee ese Sey hy” ae GD defected 3 qoed bulbs + = SU RAC 3 2 SFIS ine taty Mas Gag Ui) J defected 2 good . bulbs lacy uas wae Uv) 3 degecked 1 good bulb = Seye 4c — = oe = to ‘ ‘ was W) 4 defected No qpod pub: - H = Sey rite oxy % a as = 5 eu was uas y “The propabitty distribution table *s \ ea Y X=n1 0 \ a % x ‘ ( PEED)! 35° BS DCF we yas AE AE uae i TO find Mean (or) Sapecked Moog defecttve [tems tu): 4 Meantu) = 5% PLXt) ist = o+ a to (vx a8. ) )+Qres, to 2 + Gr, ~)* (x4 at 0 BUR OS 35 4 tee + OUI + O,O40Y4 ee Ee uae. WH 6666 6 if ee — —— canned with CamScannerHOME nor IC —_ pas tre fortorel Probobiy, A vardom variabie * distri button p a $ s rey d % 2 ce ook bk Sk pod: ear te ME Find the vatue of CE ai )p (¥s2) Ci) plag ees) My = WEST at = The Gunn of probabilikes Of Of CV ‘ EL pay) =1 ist kak HUE FUETSE + CRA E TER A] or =| uw yoked o By Be Ct: Now the. Probability distri butven table FS s Ke ery a 2 ug 6 + 8 “ , Ba s toa & 7 2 Ee k WwW PLxca) et = pleeo) 4Ple=rap(e=2) = +2 2-3 Sexe Qu = = 0 08R8 “) PUKS2) ~ o.ngare ai) POS EX Eo) = pCa yapCeed) APEREN) HP HES) +3, S we tT S FOsegqs SP We ¥ssye og u ae 389 IL. _ Scanned with camtcannerThe PrObAwITY density function of a vortable > iS *t 0 Yo a & & 5 6b pry RW CK Ake AE He IR WEA PCKend pleas) 1 P(acxse) Gi) What ill be the wAlaimum Velue of F So cthak PUxcy) 20:34 i gis GRULN We Probabriity density -fundron WHET THE Sum OF prolpabtitines tA a rondom event = So KA WATE HOE ae EAE ERK ET 44K =| Rew, 4 The Probabitity distribution table 4° Xx. 0 t 2 % 4 s 6 PLR) 3 5 4 BO WA RH $ PUL) 2p Cee) 4pCeet) APLEED) + PERE) i =. © wae 3,aS. 43 2 “ “ wa Og PLX<8) = oO aK aL PCKOS) = Lpexes) PLES) = pLe=o) APCKEL) 4p CRED) APLRER DP (REY ) ane Q S + +5, wa + ta 4G + Ae +h = at Gq FO Stor PERO DD yeperes) = LO: Stor a Pe dc) = o-ugag- Scanned with CamScanner| PC Rc xe) =PCR=t ap (ees) apes 6) | » Aaa 4A “aa tS = oats FWY YR FO bE 5. PCREKSG) HOLY ai) ‘ PEK &) 50.3 For ay een eee h - Plxet) = ptxeod4pceat) we tS & = O08, | For €=9 S = > pie PCX Ca) = PRE) EP(R=U) 4 PURED = uy + + Seg Be For bay Tone a tt PCREA) = PCxm0) 4 pCK=t) 4peEED) + PLREa) Ct: =+.43 s * wa ta tte hl \: WANT Tg Tq =O 326¢ te for e=4 .? PCKEM) = Plero)£PCK= IEP LEED) HP UK=R ) &PLESY) . eh 43. 4S 4a 44 k wo 42g t8 424A ae : ONS MT = SE on cia, S the Mi Aterum Value of & PRL KE) 0g is So thot Key: wy Me (ek denote the nrintmum Of too AUMmbers akter when 2 PUT OF fate dice are -+nrown ONCE: Dekeventne thE G) Niserete Probabilaty di ct ihe WO Eapectatton QU) Vartan Scanned with Cam$Canner2 PARER dS AYE 4yyouN TNO: OF possible | TtcoMeS OE NGS) = OV EE SFr. ane Possible outcomes Ave Cary CHS CHRD CHA Cas) Oued ud Gad cay Caw) Cars) Cb) GO BAY GAD Gag) CS) HO Ged Guay HQID GaN CUED CH) Stead Co CAND EHD EH Ce CdD CHRD COED Cr) CEE ooh Fao: Cate CUT CU) CU, CTD CHG) LO Cee) US) Ee) ALEY = As) = 4 Pad =a ? Te ! For MIND: pacaeeio (ard), AB), CAM), CAS) Gab), 9d CHB CHB COBY ALED=N ( ALS) = BE Peer one y For nin 3. S 7 CAB) CHAD BT) CAI CHEECH C613) | ALE) => Ats) = 3b Cn eres Fr minsas oi Cay (CMS) EME) CHUN) (CER) ALENT ALS) =26 : s PW = S aces Scanned with CamScannerFor mia’. COPD, Coed COED ME) = 3 AW) =e PUG )= 3 an 6 For- min & s Cob) acs! Ps =L AW) =3b . We > The Orserete Probabriity APStrTbutron is ‘e.ot Q z y v 6 Pxys m @ s 2B 4 vw wm mR RR ® 8) Meantuy: 5 ee “Me TOP): to es) ty CRD He, peta ae em Jalon x) + (ex Mean (M) = a Sang, CH) Variance Cow): x 4 oN = TOY pew) -Y ist ” (ay Jer )4 (93, )+ (t6 *S, jetas th) TOM FAL) — Carcagay” Ww OWE’ AVA WASLOF Mad’ 49-08 BRHF IH G08 S Bou 6. vao3 rc ” Scanned with CamS¢anneroX= 4908 1 A vayionee Co) = V4%08 «Il g. Conmtinoues Probability distribution ‘ when O random voriohle x! takes every volue in On \miveval tk gives to Continous distribution of (xtTHe distribution defined by the Varfates tke OS | yemperarure 1 heights and eotights Ore Continoues diario * dpbeqradion =p) peneritity density fureion sy, gumanel = * KY gerwirye TE | WOR ema 1 tan Wet 'da' be a (eagth of the Itrevat [a-ha 4] around che Point '4! ond fy be Any Cont{noues Function of ti) then Fray dn 1S Said to be the Probability rat the Varta te x’ yw Leg berween (a-3h ads.) and ik is denoted A Pinay en Vs atau) = FOV da» Then Ranetton £4) $6 Satd to be 9 Probability d [ RS Functton of tar and the Curve 4=fO eg a SEFOD dens Carve + Scanned with CamScanner| Propertyes of Aensiny Funttion HME Probability Of a vowobe (xt Uhich rec ina Finate sncrevet (ab) ts qien by Placxeny. P 4y 5 My “The evtay Probabitity under a density Curve Marty pe © Vee eds Hi * FOI D0 ree. = “EhE Contingue, TY distriputron ~~ FE KIS a Continoues Yordom Variobie N) Mean o¢ Erpeckatvon of x is Me eye 2 8 the Vovionce OF KIS YOO 2 ot Fen) — uN es SO the pnedion of txt 4 qien by & SJ fara ~ Z ce Std 2 oy DS M here M. = Medron of distribution value TS the vatue tyr for which fay is tS qluan by TOD =o and AMI CD yy aexeb: WY) mea gy deviation ; Scanned with CamScannerF020 dittriburton -funcetod tor) Commutotiv gisemeesion BUNckTON | te be yondom variable then prohabit'ty pra Function OF FOO IS Aefined as + wW ra a KRIS a desereee random Varsable than Ahe Probab distribution -Faunctio® Of x ts defrned as EO =P Cer) = Tpit: ui) HOKE AS a continoues Vordom varvabie they | ane Probability distribution Of xt tS * FO) = PleewW= [food]: —o properties Of Dictributton Functtod » \y b TE OSEADSL , OS Neo hen FC) =O and 1 elo) 2 Placneb) = feos = EUb)-F0@)+ , a 3 FLA) tS @ Conttnoues Funetyon Of W OM -the ~ vigne - Uothe AiSContinucies Of ELA) Are Counkable + SFI) HPL) 30, So thak FECA) 1s a Non-decreastng function + Relation berneen Density Funcaton (eer) ] anct Distrpudton — -fancdon (EO): \ dea density Funceton FO) 8 Given then Fay. ffoods + Scanned with CamScannerBIE a distribution “Furl then FOR USS avo fia) = A. (ew) Problems» os the Probab Itty den, "Tf yandom Vari able : -74 WOO Funcason tery = get, for =o trfor 10’ Find the Probability aak te well take a Vatug G) perween cand %° GY) qreaker nan of * Solu. Gruen hak a £O) 2 ae for WO =O for K probabitty that the vartade %! Wes behocen S ts Vond 3 as pCi ees) e FRE! Here FEDS quan fo coe Need ty find wy FOS Leotich ts Prohabiity — distribution \\ Funcrtory Q 3 * PCtexe2) - Jecan = io ' fae mh 2 — 2, | ~afe® \ sags (<< zt =(e*); = -(ee% o>) = eoxar = ore = O1BS3—O-ooy¢ J PUSKSR) = ORae ba Scanned with camStannerprobapivty thak the vortate ‘pI Can takes Ane Values Qreaker thay 0-5 is P(x 20-5) * fe pCxd06)= [ agar pe os s eo Pema (rf ° HF Jos 5 “(er ore) - -(e™ et) s0 = (OM 6 =et_e“ = 0-%694-0 = odory CP CRIO-F) =OsWAQ “ff a ge Propabiuty density of random varvabie “x! qtven by FOOD =ECHAY), for o Ca) °: . eal or \ =2 adn = 3 (qed re = { Gr s(4 Fe oe ol rR (e- 22) ony eto | 5 aloe 2228 11 4onporo ) : 3 | [0-90-0003 140.0008) = otyey PCO t : ! = Garda = 34-22) u {hn ic HOME a * Sle $-.s)AwS)*) a’ Et o.3rrt-0.5 + 00M) " So dogy) = Or B96- TePCKRIOT) HOW’ fe glet FAY = WY cohen agKd| be the Probab (ity i density funda of A Conttnoues Yordom Variable < x Determine “a and “bo Such that th ti) PCXSa) = plera) t CW) PLOb) = oF Sol CE) Carre P(x ga) =P(K>a) te pC¥oa) = PKA) 4 1 = PLEDA)APLE A) | 8p(eoa) =! § PCK>a Et © MET Bexoad= (eenrds « Scanned with CamScanner- 'B MB oe . PB = CoS) ow) = oreiy Ss azo8ur: ai pcx >b) = o-s Fa [terra = 0-06 by J J FO [rorrdy = oF b ~ [awrdns fordy = oor 1. 3 [AAA = o0g cy wy 4 se MY! no. ¥(- Fy =Oros \-b = o08 PC be- (- O08 b> - oO A40v0 ' b= Corasvn) "= 0.4845 2. P= odguy I. a dS the functron defned by fin) - o 4D FEA) Wry a) Scanned with CamScannerprobably ty denser Funce'o0 ") Arad AWe Probapittty grok FVErIARE Waving CK) aS Aensity -funceron gow FN AW AhE intreval dey ed + a) salt) PB Fanetion IS Said fo be a Probability densery fanceton 8 age ol 20 SO ety See that 2 4 ry J FodGn 4 {eordys J corre “- 2 u 2 a © “6 nan je ove PagGnanene[s % , te fleraaoe « eZ A, Lv SEAN wea zw Cag ca yecnse 307] Fag {toa —4-t'| = ayo 1 Feeds =\ | ah So ane given funtkton 16 a Probabiitny density Funckton: i 2 WO eCr A hearay Ab LROAK TC nr © =00 © = Qe dy shes A We Mere‘as wiket itis = GEC) 4b 1%, PHO booby Ny OY) -aeCA tb Sissy butson Funthon RS _« [revs ts From Ui) ,we have ws ae = SS voy Ke EUY) = aK) 4b__ Ju , iN where y-artb Wy 0) roe tay-O) y 2 Y-EOV)=arth)—-[acoote] YEN) = axtyeaeteyy i Y-ECY) = ax_aece) YEO) =al xeon) | Squaring ON, both Stes (Yeon) vareK) er) = (aiordy =u a Scanned with CamScanner Vor(x4e)-vortxy f 7Pe ero oes oer—=ts Gi) o a Vax) = Peeestyardr | SO) J ~~ : Le eone al f feos)” =ewe 0 v : Forced —er(faecoe] ae i = Nec) ~ eV [eu] = ev[ecer)— feo") = kN var(r) “var Cee) = &% Gari) a. _* Vor (kx) = vortex): Poo: : ia - ————. The trouble Shooting capacttor Of An Te chip tha Chrouie i& @ CtycUre te Tandom Varvahte x RH Pose distritatien Beackion AS Given by s a : 4 FQy= | Ov) tw HS2 ohare % denotes oy, ea for 203 ne AUMbe Tr Of MI Sov Years: Fred tye Prowabrlity thak the Te chip coil y work — property + C) tesy than & Years CR Regan & years a WHY Bemween Co TYPOrs . Ov) Anywhere from od to Years (ex Solu we 4 we hove en) =P( xe) = [ tuode : n “0 oc 7 i as8 3 Fux) frepae Werased 4 if _ & ‘ae ws ae * P(xst) = [tvnde = FL) 8s | ° | e \-9_ 24-4 f wey oy = Scanned with CamScannerOIYbe . pene) oRsay 7 ui? PORAE) = op trek) = Lossay = OtMd 7/ gi) PUBL *S ¥) THIS TS LA Aha form of PLASach) WET PCacaeb) = eth) Fw PUs hour So , 0 plete there ow Ploceny . st in 0 pt 4 ra {tends ploc yeh) = Flb)-Flay 0 0 =r ( “ete 3 ay ° Plosxa)- , ? —» af aetan, a sw) Wergurdr - Foy (gerda- [Gunfacrasan Evawuating Paes dt - o a : b fe*P an {@o' {ers ax dt ‘lo - { qe ot A one x t ° CE) OO) AL -vR -MB . j —3ne +3(4 ) i iN es) i . ~~ . wD S few ge] o - 4 ~ g = Y-se Tur) ae 40 peel Mt - 7 ° = f-s0e ge 449] = —ee(or ote )-9 (0 8188 44 . a) F-0+ 6CRE 0. LoUR 44 =4-0- Fars \ fae da= & labs ° Substtwa thes value tery we ek PCo<¥si) = (G19 6s) = 0.9085 i Power Supply iS tnequate in daily Consamprer Qrceeds (2 Mion kW Te fe PCxsi2d=1- Ploxxsia ) Scanned with CamScanner0: 9085 cor) = oroqs Actually —Capactey i Upto (2, TS Power Cur re te exceeds by tn Avene woill be 1The Probability ta a doy thax there ‘ pore Cue or oaic aT : fs the Fanckion defined a8 Fotlows a Aensi ty OOM for FO) 2 ot Be Oo Aco F So determing the probabitity hak the Vertote paving this density coil fall th the tatreval Cua)? Red the Caummutetive Property F120) Solu: TD Prove tne funedion ts @ orca density Function , ese have to Prove Teena =I co So [ta da ae —% . 5 6 = JFOddn + (pep drs foda + Ferran ° 20 ° =e www ewe = o+ (eras =pen* iS wa) = t (EMP - =-Ce% Co-)=-C0=1 © ~ [feds 4 2D SO Given function fotos a densiey functron » Gi) Requsred Probability ots x52) 5 Fenda, , Ce yy -2 = 0 Boaq— OER O ABE + j Scanned with CamScannercat eS P(re ved) = 0d: OW) Cammutative Property, Gay bred FOX) = ply ea) F(a) =p(xsa) : a PLSD = A son - = L ° - feevyar + [fede = fe ds frend -w } -% 6 =o4 feos yA --Cery ‘ = -(e 2°) = = 90 92 . c = LH olRS3 =o 864y ay OC Ker) eo Geuy - Me . a J) Cumutakve Property Fla) =o §6y3 + ‘ Shows EWA f= 1 __., -w9 c agag 16 & Probabitty NS yi : v) a) < Ag AG A fonrane SA Ty prove FEES 0 probabatity dcastty funckion % me wove (reads = | “og, wo So (ery frad [fends = [1 — dr. AAW) - 06 0 oe ths du a . = Ar(aawts ) = 4 (san thes) Tate ry. Scanned with CI annerWan ee ia Tre Comutoctt ve Cistribumve Armettor® for a Continoues yardomy Vartable tx! ts “FOO = LL) i¢ a probability density functor: FO) ger 5 No = 0 | tk Neo Rnd ay density fanceron CY Brean and vartance of density Anchen. SC) ewe coe usant te find density faactron COMME ig denoked oy f+ Cuan clectytbutive funckton cohich ts denoted by Fu: Nou f00 = fear] te rd \ Lire) | aCe eee HHO ace") = o- (eae) =ae™* * faye ae’, F SE A( 3, Se (b-0 ‘ " = arcoys ye PLK=0)=0r0100 PC KD) aPC K<1) = 1 pte=o) = {OF 0100 Oo 9900 fe PCK2N) = Or9400 fy ~ Scanned with CamScanneris y a! XH the prohobitity of a defecrve hott is Yg Find Ci) Mean od ‘ ron CY variance for 4he di styi but’ o Fey, botts of 640 SON Cuan P= Vg V=l-Petl - Ea aac A=No of defective bolts = 640 + “Mean of the hinomrol distribution = ne = RIE) =i: Mean = gp + “VONONCE OF tne binomial distriputron = py = gle ‘“ = OKI 8 ee = th Variance = Ap + - — ns 3 Determine the Probability of Qeteeq & Sum of 4 Croerty twice IN threats) throws cottw oO potr OF diceca) Seles Giusy fq, Polling a die te a dies 4ne Possible Oukomes are = %& Now we have N=: (throws) - NO-f favourable ovteomes cuhoge sum of 9 IS Farr Cre) Cassie) So pe ee Vetere. i 4 Wee PU x=) = My Pg ‘ Scanned with CamScannerHere a2 (Chote) Homie Wore 1 Hf OY OF KHA rivets Produced by a woching ore defeckive: Find the Probobility that uk of S rivets Choogen at Yandom: — ; Ui) None with be Defective GH) One vottL be Aefeckve + CW) Atmose AQ Tevets dott he Aefeckive + SAY: Guan toy of +hE Vivets Produced PY @ rmochines are defeckwe* SO tyme joo ~ 10 Bae Ue \o Y= \-P =I 16 - 10 Here Was G) Nona win be Ae feckive Pix=0), $0 T=0 We °T Pure) = ey PL Gy” “ Scanned with Camcanneree 7 . G0 POY elt (4) hoary ays a (rs) . s (43 = (o.4)8 = 0 S406 “Rx L0) © O16G06 “THe Probabivty that fone wil bE AEE EEL 4 PER=0) = OCG OO +I ay One Wt be de fective POREI) 80 Fey tee -t Pore) = Ney Cede CQ)” co PORENY = Be (4A) =e \ S45 45) = SCoud(oray! = COCO 6561) “ PCK=1)= 0 2Q8) jie ut , “The Probabiiity thak one brevet eotil be effective is Plx=1) =O Bast ( o aid Atmoct & Yevety corit be defected Px £8) = blxeo) 4pcend) 4ptred) From above Peso Je Oo 40g PCKED =O 308) lees fad plte2) | So rer wre t os { Perey COT CGE Scanned with cam@canneree PUR=ID = Se, By (ay | =O) (4B) C)* | ~ © Cogyt | = Cort) Co. 4240 ) PUX=2) = Or0479, . OC¥c2) EOC Kao) ePCE=N) +PCKE2) = 0+ BAK\ 40-5905, 400424 = Oaas “PKS 2) BOG QI fl n.10 COINS OFC thvoUsN Stmurtaneousty , find the PrOpePINDY OF geeting akteast G) 4 heads aoe hg + MY GEN Lag neo Generarty hen & Coin ie tossed woe have foo Portbrrtres be head 1 Rall f P= and Var P =1- = P =u 4 =a Now CY) axteast F_heads : PERS F) = PRES) 4D Ce HE A PLEEADTPLEFIO): Pie=4) WHET pCKEr) = Ney COCA ak PIKE) yah 4 4 7 PUX= a) 2 wc, (4) (+) 4 i = (Wo)Cog) Coe = (a0) Co: 004% ) Cor tam) 2, PCesa) = Otto Scanned with CamScanner& wu PLx> { 28) = pl xne) epic =a) apes CC —_— wor h PEERY coe (4 ECE) v © (al) (os yo) a (og) (0-0034) Lo 8008) 5. PRR) = 00439 10-4 PEER) = Woe (EINE) =o) (06 00)! = U0) (oro0d0 (0S) “PCK Eq) = 0. 0100 POE) Eto, CE) CH IO = A) CoS) (Cosy? =cogy" 2. PCE =I9) = Orolo. “UK>4) 2 PORE) & pleee )-tPCK ES) +PCK=10) = OND + 0: 0434 + OV oloe 40.0019 Plxday= Og " ©) £PCK=9) + pLEsig) Ple=6) = Wee Cor yee yore = Wee Cosy’ Cog)” (le) (0. 016% )Co,0004)) PKzg)> Or 0003+ So PCK26) = pene PCR >a) = 00003 + o 1414 = OlFaa, ‘ Scanned with CamScanner“POR26) = oyna af | ame Om iY hak ohn hits @ torqek IS Mo phe Ja 4q fans AMES: Ernck the Probability thot he tts Langer awe GW eroeay 9 ames BO more thom Utrmes GW atleast once Sts CHURD Wag ME Probabtitty anor Tohn bits the torgee iS th Pa Mr Y= iP oe Vt UW) enattty oO Ath peyeg). WHET ere PLREN) = Mey CPCG FED -a bY GY® = Gy los) (os)! = Us) Co-asve lo ofa ) Plx=a) " Puker)= Oaguy. “PC Kea) = OdRuy, WO more cthan 4 ttmes » PCxsu) = P(K=o) +p(eee) Pax=e) er Wet peer) = Acy CP CY) Here T=6 ot PLR=6) = be CE UE) = to s).O) = toey® 2 PUk=6) =0,0166 Scanned with CamScannerFi oe co eed PC Kou = ALLOA ONCE POxs) _ \ = twrCog (OW) GCorwrir)lors > = 01 0434 “PCKEG) = 00924 Pleeg) apres) = 010434 + 0-016 = 0.1046 “-PCKou) = O04S + I Plx<1) 2 iep(xzo) Novo Plx=vy reo Plkzo) - 6, oP 6 des are mes do Clore. 6- Col PCH)” * Geo (A (4)! ~ Gey Cos COT)? = COLESLOEIE PLK=O)= ©. 0166 O21) = peed) = (-plx=o0) = to 0156 = OFguy “PCR DN) = oaguy yp. Ahrown TAQ mes + toes many eNPece ANAL 3 dices to Showa Scanned with camSeanner. CT HONE AMOLe aye oe 6 dicey or ane Steere are a POSTE, eran 6 COr)G ALE Yep Tetay POSDINRES GOWER dice Ore thrown MSYV=2G “Pz ed ae ios a re \eahk Bdice. 3 ae qe PR Dd ay ( . HPC) 4 oC Kau) 4p KeS)4ptKes ) ler) = I Plx Se PEKD2) = O-AIAD- tT] Q- out of S00 fomivies with S Chitdren @och » how Many uooutd you erpeck to hove i) 2 boys WS quis ti) Atleast one boy GW) eraner 2 oF 3 boys - I. Given that Aes P= probabitity that och chitdr en ( boy Cor) qirt) Pe ty Since Paget V= 1k qe Y= Ie canned wit—aerttt—™e 7 sas ® probopivity that erpeas 3 Pt Meer) eh gs Go aeraue sini Sis ) ee Chee ee - 6 =o $41 2 PCxag)= otuod CUE OF Goo fomiies could Ctpect to 2 boys 4 = Goo xp(e=d) = Boo KOWNOS = 2244) ai ' wy) Probabiny that expec to Tagirls is 5 e(us) ao 3 = 9 0s60 3 Tao FOlacy ; “Out of foo families ewould erpect to OB ee = Boo ko tasy > = M029 AK any Probabitity that atteatt one hoy iS PCK >I) = 1p (xen) =I (ptxeo)} Bin eS o4 = ers = t- 059928 Pleo) = © 006g OUk 6F Boo families coould er peck to atleast One bey iS = BOOK O 0068 = G UYoo canned with CamScanner9 cor) awree bos (S probarsi vehak exper he » a pexer) +P CK =) es ees” yy eS — *-— at 2% 3 = (Co 0069) CE) 4 corsoey) aS? 3 6 2 ONOAT a = OrOR BE +OIBAE cp OR 39S 6 send TPE a) = oaary RAW famities eoourd enpeck #2 eithe sour ©€ Eo iS = Boo KOddAN poo or) FHT boys con Distribution | ep be PRISTON ts Sard on Variable '*! A rondo! gigtrteat on ye He assumes ony o Aon — NAGE yaueh and tld probability distripucios *S atven by 5 Ike x 4% [Pleeadee sA , where re Ohaes- rh | =o 1 okMercotse trevre Ado tS Oo paramesey of “ere distribution CondiHons of the poission Distribution . The poision digrriputtor ig used under the following — conditions * GW) The nor of trails ‘A! IS Wey jorge: WI) “The probability of success tP! tS Very Smott - GHY npaA ce Finare + canned with CamScanner' ae el we porsston Mean ,variance and Mode of t = di Gt bution + =_ Poisson lars i. « dyctributy "he Nps 4 “The mean of the ® distribution 1S o O The varionce of the poision AISributton 1S ateg A’ be npg sA° 3+ The mode of the poision Atstribbron Means mode iS Abe vatue of tA! for wohich the Corresponding Probability poey is manimum > Hence the mode gp Poision gistriputven IS Wes WM between At Y', Casect) TE MA! ig noe an integer then the mode of the Poision cistributvon is on integral Pave Of A: casecii) TE UT AS an Integer and tA-1) is albO AN iMege; then mode of poigsion distribution Are “A! and 4-1! Recurrence Retarron for the Poison dictri bution iS given by: b PCA) Problems A ALI J ecay - I A hospital switch, board receives an average of Umer gency Calls, 7.4 1 MIAULES Intreval: Khak I the probabiiity that ‘ \ ; Q) Mere are atmogt a emergency Cally in & lo minute entrevat: i, QD There are Cractty 3 emargency cans | * to minuca totreval. Scanned with camS¢annerCO ——————— The OVE No OF og % acy MEN AEME Cats FA IO MLD tntrevals 4) Probabitt fo ow Pe TY thot atmo 9 emergency eats in a \O MIN tatreval ts | ec FS) = PC Keo) -4ptce0) apceea) Ol -o4 = @ ta) oY aa +e Sy 4 et cast E a =e es & FUN CNC s ee CRE gen aN Cty 4g) = We’ PPR Sa)= Og ASI | ‘ My Probability thak eroerty twree emergency Calls AN A WO MIN tWtrevol tS PC¥=2) =O.tag3 SR car —hire rm has choo Cons eahech it hires: ue day by days the no of demands for a Con on each doy &s dictyipured as F Poitsion distribution Porssion he ith mean Vo. Catulate the Scanned with th Came@annerthe days - jemand + GQ) on wneeh theve is 0 4 . is refused: HW) one coweh demand iS F a (“vetuged means greater Haan) Solty. TS ctu sean A ene : ch there {5 Ao dem ©) proboiwty thak on toh ond ts Plx=0) weet pcxer) = etal rt =o%e) =e a) Oddy PER HO) = OrdSBLe 1 th) No-o¢ cae there iS Ao demand =3eCKo ny Probapitity = Bi ayy ther ON whee demand ts refuced is Pex pare wpexer) = t= [pex=0) 4pCR=1) 4p CRED] ft tay _ ( [ £24" ce ALAN me a") ‘ evs eo") of a ry a as 0s - Ft fel, ee + eg Mote L -t re “(ites +o} oa t- fees, “ees 4G) y tt “be 1 Flee “ST ausduus) ace S(a-6as) = |— OF Foeg = Olay Peon) Scanned with CamS¢anneraise. i Nal MO OF days anar Awe Femond wos pe fused = PCRS YR EE OUND KOE bh. abe © Fe 404s Crearty) a ee MOMEWORE eae the Probabitthy Ahak an Induvidual Suffers a bad yeachy ON From a certain Junctyon is” 6:00. Determine the Probabbitity thak ouk Of doo induvrduats GY eracary 9 i. GU More thon @ Wduviduats + WEY Hone in more dan one lnduw dual suffer A BOA reaction + SM Given P= o.001 N= deoo: Mean, Az AP ~ orcat Rdooo LA za OY erectty a. Pex=a) MT Peery) 2 et gy rT Pees 2) AAS zt = 2 q Ff Sa ‘ B zg sue “2 = Doug yloass) = psi ene i Scanned with CamScanner