SCIENCE REPORTING

BIOMOLECULES
[ALL]: A pleasant mornig Magbanua and to our beloved teacher— ma’am Apple. Im [Dan] and
I’m [eve] your assigned reporters for today.
[D]: Biomolecules, when you hear the word biomolecules what comes to your mind? Do you
even ask yourself if it’s imprtant? Do you even wonder how this thing discovered?. Let us
answer that questions!!
[ALL]: First question, What is Biomolecules?
[D]: Biomolecules are all biological materials exclusive of cells and structural proteins when they
are used as the “natural biomaterials” themselves. Biomolecules include proteins, lipids, etc.,
and can serve various functions like providing structural integrity to the tissue-engineered
constructs. These include various growth factors, differentiation factors, and angiogenic factors
essential in all categories of tissue engineering along with bone morphogenic proteins with a
broad range of functional properties. Many biomolecules may assist the host with various
functions like may support cell attachment, cell growth (or apoptosis), cell differentiation, cell
migration, neovascularization, etc. All the functions indeed may be performed differently
according to the biochemical, cellular, and biomechanical behavior.
[E]: biomolecule, it is also called biological molecule, any of numerous substances that are
produced by cells and living organisms. Biomolecules have a wide range of sizes and struct2. A
biomolecule is a chemical compound found in living organisms. These include chemicals that
are composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus.
Biomolecules are the building blocks of life and perform important functions in living organism
[ALL]: Next question, Where do biomolecules come from?
[E]: A biomolecule is a chemical compound found in living organisms. These include chemicals
that are composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus.
Biomolecules are the building blocks of life and perform important functions in living
organisms.
[D]: 2.) Biomolecules can be found anywhere, it is derived from various sources and are
synthesized within living organism.General sources of biomolecules:
•Plants - Plants are a significant source of biomolecules, particularly carbohydrates, such as
glucose and cellulose, which are essential for energy storage and structural support.
•Animals - Animals can synthesize biomolecules to fulfill their physiological needs. For example,
animals produce proteins through the translation of genetic information encoded in their DNA.
•Microorganisms - Microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, are another source of
biomolecules. They can produce a wide range of metabolites, including antibiotics, enzymes,
and organic acids.
•Diet - Biomolecules are obtained by consuming food. The nutrients we ingest, such as
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, serve as the building blocks for the
synthesis of biomolecules within our bodies. For instance, our bodies break down dietary
proteins into amino acids, which are then used to synthesize new proteins.
•Genetic inheritance - Organisms inherit the genetic information that encodes the synthesis of
specific biomolecules from their parents. The DNA contained in genes provides the instructions
for the production of proteins and other biomolecules during development and throughout life.
[ALL]: Next question, Who discovered biomolecules?
[E]: Biomolecules were not discovered by a single individual but rather through the collective
efforts of numerous scientists over several centuries. The study of biomolecules evolved as
scientists sought to understand the chemical composition and functions of living organisms.
Here are a few key milestones and notable contributions in the discovery of biomolecules: but
Richard Henderson, (born July 19, 1945, Edinburgh, Scotland), Scottish biophysicist and
molecular biologist who was the first to successfully produce a three-dimensional image of a
biological molecule at atomic resolution using a technique known as cryo-electron microscopy
in year 1975 Richard Henderson discover biomolecules along with fellow LMB researcher Nigel
Unwin, successfully determined the first structure of 2-D crystals of the membrane protein
bacteriorhodopsin using EM. Richard Henderson did not discover the biomolecules but he is a
prominent scientist who made significant contributions to the field of structural biology,
particularly in the study of biomolecules.
[ALL]: Next, Where can we find biomolecules?
[D]: Biomolecules can be found in various living organisms, ranging from microorganisms to
plants and animals. They are present in different parts and structures of these organisms. we
can find it in the cell, tissue, blood, plants, DNA and RNA, Extracellular Matrix,
[ALL]: Next, What is the importance of biomolecules?
[E]: Biomolecules are vital for life as it aids organisms to grow, sustain, and reproduce. They are
involved in building organisms from single cells to complex living beings like humans, by
interacting with each other. The diversity in their shape and structure provides diversity in their
functions. Biomolecules are the building blocks of life and are involved in almost every
biological process.They provide energy for cellular activities through processes like cellular
respiration and metabolism.Biomolecules contribute to the structural support of cells, tissues,
and organs, maintaining their shape, stability, and integrity. Proteins, as enzymes, catalyze
biochemical reactions necessary for metabolism, digestion, and DNA replication.Biomolecules
facilitate the transport and storage of essential substances within organisms.They play a critical
role in defense and immunity, with antibodies protecting against pathogens and
toxins.biomolecules is fundamental for fields like medicine, biochemistry, and biotechnology,
enabling advancements in health, food production, and addressing societal challenges.
[D]: Biomolecules plays a crucial role in living organisms. Here are the reasons why
Biomolecules are important:
•Energy Storage and Transfer - Especially carbohydrates and lipids, serves as energy sources to
organisms
•Structural support - They provide a structural support to cells and tissues, provides structural
support to the skin, tendons, and bones.
•Enzymatic Reactions - Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions in cells. Enzymes facilitate and
accelerate chemical reactions, allowing essential processes like digestion, metabolism, DNA
replication, and protein synthesis to occur efficiently.
[ALL]: Last question, What are the different types of biomolecules?
[E]:These four types of biomolecules—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids—
interact with each other and contribute to the structure, function, and regulation of living
organisms. Additionally, there are other biomolecules such as vitamins, coenzymes, pigments,
and small metabolites that are also essential for various physiological processes in organism
• Proteins: Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of amino acids. They perform
diverse functions in cells, including structural support, enzymatic reactions, transport, signaling,
and immune defense. Examples of proteins include collagen, hemoglobin, enzymes, antibodies,
and many more.
• Nucleic Acids: Nucleic acids are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.
There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
DNA carries the hereditary information, while RNA is involved in gene expression and protein
synthesis. Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotide subunits and are essential for the
replication and expression of genetic material.
[E]: • Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates, also known as saccharides or sugars, are organic
molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They serve as a major source of energy
in living organisms and play structural roles in cell walls and exoskeletons. Carbohydrates can
be classified as monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), or
polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose).
• Lipids: Lipids are a diverse group of biomolecules that are hydrophobic or amphipathic
(having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions). They include fats, oils, phospholipids,
steroids, and waxes. Lipids serve as a concentrated energy source, provide insulation and
protection, form cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules. They are composed of fatty
acids and glycerol or other lipid-specific structures.
[ALL]: These four types of biomolecules—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids—
interact with each other and contribute to the structure, function, and regulation of living
organisms. Additionally, there are other biomolecules such as vitamins, coenzymes, pigments,
and small metabolites that are also essential for various physiological processes in organisms.
[ALL]: And that’s what BIOMOLECULES is, thank you. *Bow