Input parameters:

Total mass of the vehicle: m = ......... (kg)

Tire parameters, from which to calculate tire radius R w = .......... (m)
Engine: With maximum power: P M = .......... kW, reached at the angular speed of engine wM = ..........
(rpm)
Overall power transmission efficiency: h = ........;
Maximum speed of the car: vxmax = ......... km/h;
Rolling resistance coefficient of the road: f = .......;

TT Vehicle m (kg) Tire PM (hp) wM (rpm) h vxmax

(km/h)
1 Toyota Vios 1500 185/60R15 107 6000 0.9
2 Toyota Yaris 1550 195/50R16 107 6000 0.9
3 Toyota Altis 1670 215/45R17 138 6400 0.9
4 Toyota Camry 2030 235/45R18 170 6600 0.9
5 Toyota Rush 1870 215/60R17 103 6300 0.9
6 Toyota Innova 2330 205/65R16 137 5600 0.9
7 Toyota Fortuner 2605 265/60R18 164 5200 0.9
8 Toyota Wigo 1290 175/65R14 87 6000 0.9
9 Toyota Cross 1815 215/60R17 138 6400 0.9
10 Toyota Land Cruiser 3230 265/65R18 409 5200 0.9
11 Mazda 3 1780 205/60R16 110 6000 0.9
12 Mazda CX-5 2000 225/55R19 154 6000 0.9
13 Mazda 6 1970 225/55R19 154 6000 0.9
14 Mazda 2 1538 185/65R15 110 6000 0.9
15 Honda Civic 1601 215/55R16 139 6500 0.9
16 Honda City 1580 185/60R15 119 6600 0.9
17 Honda CR-V 2300 235/60R18 188 5600 0.9
18 Honda Accord 2000 235/45R18 188 5500 0.9
19 Honda HR-V 1795 215/55R17 141 6500 0.9
20 Hyundai Accent 1540 185/65R15 100 6000 0.9
21 Toyota Vios 1500 185/60R15 107 6000 0.9
22 Toyota Yaris 1550 195/50R16 107 6000 0.9
23 Toyota Altis 1670 215/45R17 138 6400 0.9
24 Toyota Camry 2030 235/45R18 170 6600 0.9
25 Toyota Rush 1870 215/60R17 103 6300 0.9
26 Toyota Innova 2330 205/65R16 137 5600 0.9
27 Toyota Fortuner 2605 265/60R18 164 5200 0.9
28 Toyota Wigo 1290 175/65R14 87 6000 0.9
29 Toyota Cross 1815 215/60R17 138 6400 0.9
30 Toyota Land Cruiser 3230 265/65R18 409 5200 0.9
31 Mazda 3 1780 205/60R16 110 6000 0.9
32 Mazda CX-5 2000 225/55R19 154 6000 0.9
33 Mazda 6 1970 225/55R19 154 6000 0.9
34 Mazda 2 1538 185/65R15 110 6000 0.9
35 Honda Civic 1601 215/55R16 139 6500 0.9
36 Honda City 1580 185/60R15 119 6600 0.9
37 Honda CR-V 2300 235/60R18 188 5600 0.9
38 Honda Accord 2000 235/45R18 188 5500 0.9
39 Honda HR-V 1795 215/55R17 141 6500 0.9
40 Hyundai Accent 1540 185/65R15 100 6000 0.9
 41 Toyota Altis 1670 215/45R17 138 6400 0.9
42 Toyota Camry 2030 235/45R18 170 6600 0.9
43 Toyota Rush 1870 215/60R17 103 6300 0.9
44 Toyota Innova 2330 205/65R16 137 5600 0.9
45 Toyota Fortuner 2605 265/60R18 164 5200 0.9
46 Toyota Wigo 1290 175/65R14 87 6000 0.9
47 Toyota Cross 1815 215/60R17 138 6400 0.9

Request:
1) Build equations relating the power (P e) and torque (Te) of the engine to the angular speed of the
motor (we).
2) Determine the working range when shifting gears: (w1, w2) in the power range of 90% to 95% of P M;
Plot the power (Pe), torque (Te) characteristics against the angular speed of the motor ( we), mark the
main working area. (sample, see figure 3.12).
3) Design a gearbox with 5 gears according to the geometric design method, with a straight gear at the
4th gear ratio (n4 = 1), so that the acceleration time of the car from v min to v = 100 km/h is the smallest.
(Vehicle speed reaches 100 km/h in straight gear (4th gear) at maximum angular speed w2 of the
engine)
4) Plot the angular speed of the engine (we) and the car's speed (v) in each gear (see Figure 3.9)
5) Plot the characteristic graph between traction torque (T w) and car speed (v) in each gear (see Figure
3.10)
6) Assuming constant rolling resistance (maximum traction force balances total rolling resistance when
the vehicle is running at maximum speed), plot the characteristic between traction force (F x) and vehicle
speed (v) in each ratio.
7) Assuming that ignoring the time of first gear setting and shifting operation time, determine the
acceleration time of the car from vmin to v = 100 km/h.
Instructions (with 01 example)
Total mass of the vehicle: m = 860 kg.
Tire radius Rw = 0.326 m.
Engine: With maximum power: PM = 100 kW, reached at angular speed w M = 3820 rpm (400
rad/s)
Overall power transmission efficiency: h = 0.9;
Maximum speed of the car: vxmax = 180 km/h;
Rolling resistance coefficient of the road: f = 0.02

1) Build equations relating the power (P e) and torque (Te) of the engine to the angular speed of the
motor (we).
The power of the engine Pe is determined according to the formulas (3.1) and (3.2) (Slide 3)

The torque of the engine Te is determined according to the formula (3.5) (Slide 4)

2) Determine the working range when shifting gears: (w1, w2) in the power range of 90% to 95% of P M;
Plot the power (Pe), torque (Te) characteristics against the angular speed of the motor ( we), mark the
main working area. (sample, see figure 3.12).
From equation (3.1), with a power reaching 90% of the maximum power P M = 100 kW, the angular speed
range allowed to reach this power is from 272 rad/s (about 2600 rpm) to 524 rad/s (about 5000 rpm):
w1 = 272 rad/s; w2 = 524 rad/s.
Entering parameters with we = 0 đến 600 rad/s, we can plot power characteristic (Pe), torque (Te) with
angular speed of motor (we), mark main working area as shown, figure 3.12)

3) Design a gearbox with 5 gears according to the geometric design method, with a straight gear at the
4th gear ratio (n4 = 1), so that the acceleration time of the car from v min to v = 100 km/h is the smallest.
(Vehicle speed reaches 100 km/h in straight gear (4th gear) at maximum angular speed w2 of the
engine)
Step 1. Determine the final drive ratio n d :
According to the problem, the car speed reaches 100 km / h (27.78 m / s) at the straight gear (n 4) at the
w2 of the engine, we have:

Step 2. Determine the gear ratios:

The relationship between the angular speed of the engine and the speed of the car at the ith gear ratio
according to the formula 3.48, (Slide 24):

At vx = 27.78 m/s, we = w2 = 524 rad/s, the transmission operates at 4th gear ratio (straight gear): n 4 = 1.

At 4th gear ratio: (4*)

At the lower range ωe = 272 rad/ s, n i = n4: vx = 14.42 m/s.
Gear down to n3, the engine jumps back to the higher range we = w2 = 524 rad/ s

We have
At 3rd gear ratio: (3*)
At we = w1 = 272 rad/s, ni = n3: vx = 7.48 m/s.
Gear down to n2, the engine jumps back to the higher range we = w2 = 524 rad/s

We have:

At 2nd gear ratio: (2*)

At we = w1 = 272 rad/s, ni = n2: vx = 3.88 m/s.
Gear down to n1, the engine jumps back to the higher range we = w2 = 524 rad/s

We have:

At 1st gear ratio: (1*)

At we = w1 = 272 rad/s, ni = n1: vx = 2.02 m/s.
To calculate the fourth gear ni = n5 : at lower limit we = w1 = 272 rad/s

At 5th gear ratio: (5*)

Thus, the gear ratios of the gearbox include:

n1 = 7.156; n2 = 3.714; n3 = 1.9265; n4 = 1; n5 = 0.519.

4) Plot the angular speed of the engine (we) and the car's speed (v) in each gear (see Figure 3.9)
From the formulas (1*), (2*), (3*), (4*) and (5*), the graphs can be drawn between the angular speed of
the engine (we) and car speed (v) in each gear. (Enter parameters with we = 0 to 600 rad/s)

5) Plot the characteristic graph between traction torque (T w) and car speed (v) in each gear (see Figure
3.10)
The traction torque (Tw) in each gear is calculated according to the formula (3.59) (Slide 26):

(3.59)
Combined with the values v x,i (formulas 1*, 2* to 5* above), it is possible to draw characteristic curves of
the relationship between the traction torque (Tw) and the car speed (v) at each gear ratio.

6) Assuming constant rolling resistance (maximum traction force balances total rolling resistance when
the vehicle is running at maximum speed), plot the characteristic between traction force (F x) and vehicle
speed (v) in each ratio.
Traction force at the active wheel at each gear ratio is determined by formula (3.51) (Slide 25):

(3.51)
Combining formula (3.59), we have:

(6*)
Combined with the values v x,i (formulas 1*, 2* to 5* above), it is possible to draw characteristic curves of
the relationship between the traction force (F x) and the car speed (v) at each gear ratio.
7) Assuming that ignoring the time of first gear setting and shifting operation time, determine the
acceleration time of the car from vmin to v = 100 km/h.

At vxmax, ni = n5: kN
The required time to sweep the velocity from v = 0 to v = 3.88 m/s (1st gear ratio):

The sweep time in the second gear (from v = 3.88 to v = 7.48 m/s (2nd gear ratio):

The sweep time in the third gear (from v = 7.48 to v = 14.42 m/s (3rd gear ratio):

The sweep time in the forth gear (from v = 14.42 to v = 27.78 m/s (100 km/h) (4th gear ratio):

The total time to reach the speed 100 km/h is:

(s)