Integers (Topic 5)

1. Integers

The set of Integers is an extension of the set of Whole Numbers. Every

positive whole number (all the natural numbers) has an opposite number on
the other side of zero.

These are the additive inverses and together, they form the set of Integers.
Additive inverses add to give a result of ZERO

Example: −¿3 is the additive inverse of 3

9 is the additive inverse of −¿ 9

DO NOT FORGET!

RULE: B O (E) DM AS
BRACKETS OF DIVISION ADDITION
(EXPONENTS) MULTIPLICATION SUBTRACTION

Division and Multiplication are worked in any order from left to right. The
same rule applies to the Addition and Subtraction.

Sometimes you will have to order Integers. Ensure you know what < and >
mean.
< - less than
> - more than
You will also need to perform all four operations on whole numbers without
the use of a calculator.

Smaller numbers Larger numbers

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 Exercise 5.1

Mandy is playing SHOOT, a new computer game. It involves shooting down

various objects on the screen. If she shoots a dragon, she loses 10 points, a
fireball she gets 5 points, a missile she gets 8 points and a robot she loses 6
points.
Find Mandy’s score when she shoots:
NOTE EACH QUESTION IS A SEPARATE SCORE
a) a fireball and a missile
b) a fireball and a robot
c) a fireball and a dragon
d) a missile and a robot
e) a robot and a dragon
f) a fireball, a robot and a dragon
g) a dragon, a robot and a missile

Exercise 5.2

Copy and complete the table in your workbook

Answer the following questions using the given information:

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 Exercise 5.3

2. Addition or Subtraction of Integers

These functions are actually movement on the number line. When adding we
move to the right and when we subtract we move to the left. The important
change is that we can move past zero when moving to the left and that would
mean that the answer is a negative number.

Examples:
−6+5=−1

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Examples:
8−10=−2

Examples:
5−7+3=1

NOTE: Addition and subtraction work from left to right

Exercise 5.4

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Exercise 5.5

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3. Multiplication and Division of Integers

When multiplying or dividing it is important that the signs are taken into
account. If the signs are the same (i.e. Both negative or both positive) the
answer is always positive and if the signs are different (i.e. One positive and
the other negative).

This rule is also important when the subtraction and addition signs in a sum
are directly next to each other.

Examples:

MULTIPLICATION DIVISION ANSWER

48
( 3 ) (4) 12
4

−48
(−3 ) (−4) 12
−4

48
( 3 ) (−4) −12
−4

−48
(−3 ) ( 4) −12
4

In addition, and subtraction, look out for the questions where the signs
are directly next to each other

−3−(−4 )=−3+ 4
9+ (−15 )=9−15

Exercise 5.6

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Exercise 5.7

Exercise 5.8

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SQUARES AND CUBES OF INTEGERS

Remember that squaring a number means multiplying the number by itself.

Example: 52= 5 × 5 = 25

As you know, many integers have a negative sign. When squaring a negative
number, the answer will always be positive.
Example: (−¿ 3)2= (−¿3) × (−¿3) = 9

Cubing a number means to multiply it by itself three times.

Example: 23= 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
(−¿ 3)3= (−¿3) × (−¿3) × (−¿ 3) = −¿ 27

SQUARE ROOTS AND CUBE ROOTS OF INTEGERS

The square root of a negative number is not possible and is a non-real

number. However, it is possible to find the cube root of a negative number.

Examples:

√−49=No Real Solution BUT √3 −27=−3

Exercise 5.9

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 Exercise 5.10

Mixed Exercise:
a) −4+0 b) −4− (−4 )−6 c) −6−(−2 ) +3−6
d) (−2 ) ×5 e) −5 ×10 ÷−2 f) −48÷ 3+ (−2 )

g) (−4 )2 +16−4 ÷ 2 h) 4 2−16−4−(−12)

i) −4 ×0 j) −4 ÷ 0 k) √ 9+7 × 20÷−10

l) (−2 ) ×(−5) m) √3 −64+ (−2 )−( 4 ÷−2)

n) −22 + (−1 )5 ×−3

Exercise 5.11

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