Major Test 2 Preparation-

WRP4801
»Prof M. Ilunga
University of South Africa,
Civil Engineering

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 1. Introduction
• Preparedness for major test
• Import parts covered
• Instructions: test duration & Invigilation,
submission, IRISetc
• OPEN BOOK test

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 2. Basics
• Do not copy again questions
• Essentially activities in learning units (4&5)
• Practice questions
• Logical thinking (GA2)
➢ Application of scientific and engineering knowledge
(Learning outcome: Apply knowledge of mathematics, natural
sciences, engineering fundamentals and an engineering speciality
to solve COMPLEX defined engineering problems), See Rubric part

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 Marking rubric GA2
Competence scale: 1-5
1-2: not yet competent;
3-5: competent
Competency Indicators 1: very 2: 3: 4: 5:
low low accept Very Hig
With respect to complex defined problems, the
student should demonstrate the following in water able h
engineering as a sub-discipline/area of civil
engineering:

2.1 Knowledge of mathematics used and oriented

toward engineering analysis and modelling and or
fundamental knowledge of natural science: both as
relevant to a discipline or recognised practice area.
2.2 Coherent use of fundamental principles in
engineering science and technology underlying an
engineering sub-discipline or recognised practice
2.3 Systematic use of emerging knowledge in
specialist area or recognized practice area.
2.4 Use of mathematics, natural sciences and
engineering sciences, supported by established
models, to aid solving complex-defined engineering
problems.
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 Marking rubric (Part 2)
Indicators Max scale Max Point
• 99 level: 5 equivalent 10
Establish mathematical equations (models) based
on statistics & probability describing water
resource sustainability (vulnerability) using
hydrological data extracted from DWS website.
Use of spreadsheet software for data processing.
Coherently derive threshold to determine the
occurrence of water deficit/surplus (drought/wet
condition) for acceptable water resource
vulnerability
Systematically compute vulnerability with respect
to water resource planning
Based on the above, an analysis on the
vulnerability (essentially drought conditions) is
conducted for planning purposes.
Average (scale)
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 Activity 1
• Flow data of imaginary river entered

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 Activity 2
• The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test of Normality of a distribution
• D parameter small: data close to normal distribution. Thus
skewness and kurtosis coefficients are close to zero.
Otherwise not normal.

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 Activity 3
• Go to the link provided and calculate the probability that flow
falls between 3 and 15 m3/s.
• Activity 4
• Generate PDF and CDF when mean and variance known for
log-normal distribution.

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 Activity 4/5
• Data generation Monte Carlo simulation

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Unit 5: Time series (e.g. hydrological data) decomposition: trend
+seasonality +random noise(irregularity)

Example of imaginary river flow data

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 Linear programming
• Popular method: Simplex method (algorithm)
• Used for optimization problem (min or max)
expressed as objective function and several
constraints expressed as inequalities
• Introduces slack variables (through algorithms)
• Principle: e.g.
➢ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzRZLGD_aeE

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Linear programming (freeware)

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Last iteration

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 Economic optimization
• Selection of optimal value of project
alternative:
➢Cost benefit analysis: Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR)
: highest value for best project alternative
➢Net Present Value (NPV): highest value for
best project alternative. Suitable for mutually
exclusive project, see learning units.

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 4. Conclusion

• Proceed systematically/logically in
answering questions encompass
elegantly GA2 applicable to WRP4801

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